Code-N-Logic

ADC PROGRAMMING USING PIC184550

noreply@blogger.com (Anonymous) — Thu, 05 Nov 2015 13:30:00 +0000

ADC Analog to Digital Converter:

We all know how analog to digital converter works. It’s simple

There are 3 steps:

1.) Find the resolution of ADC i.e. in our case it’s 10-bit. Let us assume n = resolution. So n =10.

2.) Find the Step Size using the formula:

Step Size = (V_ref) / (2ⁿ – 1)

We Know V_ref= (V₊) – (V_-), i.e. V₊ is connected to

V_cc= +5V and V_- is connected to V_ss = GND

By ADCON1 Register we can assign V_ref for PIC18

So Formula is converted as follow:

Step Size = (V_cc) / (2¹⁰- 1)

= (V_cc) / (1023) ; if V_cc= +5V

= (5) / (1023)

Step Size = (0.004887585532746823069403714565)

3.) Find the Digital out i.e. it varies from 0 – 1023.

D_out= (V_in) / (Step Size)

Here V_in is the input analog voltage which is given to AN0 – AN12 i.e. 12 Channel in PIC18 for ADC.

Now Formula for V_in= 5

D_out= (5) / (Step Size); D_out= 1023 which is 3FF H

If V_in= 2.5

D_out= (2.5) / (Step Size); D_out= 511.2 ≈ 511 i.e. 1FF H

So in this way we can get all the digital value for analog input.

In PIC18 we have an inbuilt ADC with 10-bit resolution.

There are 3 control register associated with PIC18 i.e.

1.) ADCON0.

2.) ADCON1.

3.) ADCON2.

1.) ADCON0:

Bits	7	6	5	4	3	2	1	0
	--	--	CHS3	CHS2	CHS1	CHS0	GO/DONE	ADON
Value	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0x01

ADON = 1; Enable ADC Module in PIC18

CHS3 – CHS0 = 0000 – 1100; (Analog Channel Select bits) 12 channel for ADC. [Channel Zero is selected in this Case]

Go/Done = A/D Conversion Status

Go = 1; Start of Conversion [Write]

Done = 0; Read this for Zero, i.e. End of Conversion.

2.) ADCON1:

Bits	7	6	5	4	3	2	1	0
	--	--	VCFG1	VCFG0	PCFG3	PCFG2	PCFG1	PCFG0
Value	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	1	0x09

VCFG1= 0; Voltage Reference Configuration bit (VREF- source) V_cc

VCFG0= 0; Voltage Reference Configuration bit (VREF+ source) V_DD

PCFG3– PCFG0= 0000 – 1111; (A/D Port Configuration Control bits)

To select 15 I/O Lines of PIC18 as Digital or Analog we must configure it. [In this case AN0 – AN5 as Analog, but we can configure it as we wish]. Refer Data Sheet of PIC18F4550

3.) ADCON2:

Bits	7	6	5	4	3	2	1	0
	ADFM	--	ACQT2	ACQT1	ACQT0	ADCS2	ADCS1	ADCS0
Value	1	0	1	0	1	1	0	1	0xAD

ADFM: A/D Result Format Select bit

1 = Right justified

0 = Left justified

ACQT2:ACQT0: A/D Acquisition Time Select bits

101=12 T_AD

ADCS2:ADCS0: A/D Conversion Clock Select bits

101 = FOSC/16

There are two 8bit Register to store ADC’s 10bit Output.

1.) ADRSEL.

2.) ADRESH.

Right Adjust Means:

ADRESH:

15	14	13	12	11	10	9	8
x	x	x	x	x	A	A	A

ADRESL:

7	6	5	4	3	2	1	0
A	A	A	A	A	A	A	A

Only 0-10 bit of Register ADRESH & ADRESL are occupied if Right Adjust is used. For Left Adjust it 15-5 bits of ADRESH & ADRESL.

Now for Programming Follow Step are used.

Step 1: Create lcd.h file for lcd function to display all data.

Refer previous videos for lcd.h and Blog.

Step 2: Create adc.h file for adc function.

1.) Initialize ADCON0 , ADCON1, ADCON2

2.) Write Function to start the conversion and return the output digital data.

3.) Write function to display all digital output in LCD

Step 3: Create main.c file and call all fnction in it.

Step 1: Declaration of input and output port.

Step 2: Call LCD and adc initialization function

Step3: In while continuous read all data from adc and display it in LCD.

Thank You for Reading .

Check Out Video for Above Description: Click for video on ADC

ADC using PIC Code: Click Here For Code

Pic18 Data sheet:Click for Datasheet

INTERFACING OF PCF 8574 TO ATmega16 USING I2C COMMUNICATION

noreply@blogger.com (Anonymous) — Sat, 25 Jul 2015 10:36:00 +0000

Hi Guys Today we will see about I2C Communication in ATmega16.

I2C - Inter Integrated Circuit also can be called as I²C

In I2C Multi Master, Master-Slave, Multi Slave communication takes places. By using I2C protocol we can connect N number devices with a µC using two pin SCL and SDA.

SCL and SDA are pin used for I2C communication. Serial Clock Pin and Serial Data pin

I2C main works with clock frequency because it’s synchronous communication. Today we will see simple interface of I/O Expander

To work with I2C we must know following Condition:

1.) Start.

2.) Stop.

3.) Write.

4.) Read.

Following are Step to initiate I2C communication

1.) Initial Condition:

1.) Set Baud Rate for Data Transfer in TWBR

2.) Set the TWEN bit in TWCR reg, for enabling TWI communication.

3.) Set Prescaler in TWSR.

1.) TWBR: Two Wire Baud Rate

Bit	7	6	5	4	3	2	1	0
Name	TWBR7	TWBR6	TWBR5	TWBR4	TWBR3	TWBR2	TWBR1	TWBR0
Value

TWBR Value is calculated by using this equation:

SCL CLOCK = (CPU CLOCK FREQUENCY) / (16+2*(TWBR)*4^^TWPS);

In equation TWSR value is set by the two bit in that reg.

TWPS1	TWPS2	Prescaler
0	0	1
0	1	4
1	0	16
1	1	64

In this case I am assume SCL as 10 kHz, I am using F_CPU as 8MHz and setting Prescaler as 1.

By Calculating we get TWBR Value as 98 in decimal we will enter in Hex as 62

2.) TWCR: Two Wire Control Register

Bit	7	6	5	4	3	2	1	0
Name	TWINT	TWEA	TWSTA	TWSTO	TWWC	TWEN	–	TWIE
Value						1

Set Value of 1 to TWEN Bit to Start I2C communication.

3.) TWSR: Two Wire Status Register

Bit	7	6	5	4	3	2	1	0
Name	TWS7	TWS6	TWS5	TWS4	TWS3	-	TWPS1	TWPS0
Value

In my case it’s TWPS1 = 0 and TWPS0 = 0.

We should set TWPS1 & TWPS0 for prescaler.

Rest of bit as the status bit which indicates the status of i2c communication.

2.) Start Condition:

To Initiate start condition.

1.) Clear TWINT by setting it 1.

2.) Set TWSTA Bit in TWCR reg as 1.

3.) Set TWEN Bit.

4.) Check for TWINT bit set in TWCR reg.

TWCR:

Bit	7	6	5	4	3	2	1	0
Name	TWINT	TWEA	TWSTA	TWSTO	TWWC	TWEN	–	TWIE
Value	1		1			1

Syntax: while (! (TWCR & (1<<TWINT)));

3.) STOP CONDITION:

To Stop the I2c

1.) Clear TWINT bit by setting it 1.

2.) Set TWEN bit as 1.

3.) Set TWSTO bit as 1.

TWCR:

Bit	7	6	5	4	3	2	1	0
Name	TWINT	TWEA	TWSTA	TWSTO	TWWC	TWEN	–	TWIE
Value	1			1		1

4.) Write Condition:

To write to slave.

1.) Move the data to be transmitted to slave in TWDR (I2C Data Register).

2.) Clear TWINT by setting bit as 1 in TWCR and TWEN is set.

3.) Check for TWINT bit set in TWCR reg.

TWCR:

Bit	7	6	5	4	3	2	1	0
Name	TWINT	TWEA	TWSTA	TWSTO	TWWC	TWEN	–	TWIE
Value	1					1

Syntax: while (! (TWCR & (1<<TWINT)));

5.) Read Condition:

To read data from slave

1.) Clear TWINT bit as 1 in TWCR and TWEN is set.

2.) Check for TWINT bit set in TWCR reg.

3.) Return TWDR using return function.

TWCR:

Bit	7	6	5	4	3	2	1	0
Name	TWINT	TWEA	TWSTA	TWSTO	TWWC	TWEN	–	TWIE
Value	1					1

Syntax: while (! (TWCR & (1<<TWINT)));

Return Value in TWDR.

We are using PCF 8574

IO Expander :

It has control register which should be writing with correct control word or we can’t access the IC. So for IO Expander to work

Control word is form by:

D7	D6	D5	D4	D3	D2	D1	D0
0	1	0	0	A2	A1	A0	0

A2-A0 is used to different device we can connect around 7 devices like this.

D0 = 0 means write to IO Pin Register.

D0 = 1 means read from IO Pin Register.

In our case its

We are using as output. So writing to IO Expander

D7	D6	D5	D4	D3	D2	D1	D0
0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0

Control Word to write is 0x40

We will now program it’s as input pin for Atmega16 and move data in IO pin into PORTA

We must give start condition to get each 8 bit data so we should get start in while loop

D7	D6	D5	D4	D3	D2	D1	D0(R/W)
0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0

Control words to read is 0x41

For Program explanation and more videos: http://youtu.be/si5HhCWp6qI

Code to Write: https://www.dropbox.com/s/2gqnjka7g0lqbdj/i2c_ioexpander.c?dl=0
Code to Read: https://www.dropbox.com/s/vfa36ijnzp7onvx/i2c_ioexpanderRead.c?dl=0
Header file: https://www.dropbox.com/s/phadshalsr6st13/i2c.h?dl=0

Thank You.

INTERFACING OF ATmega16 TO LCD AND SENDING DATA TO LCD VIA USART

noreply@blogger.com (Anonymous) — Fri, 10 Jul 2015 12:11:00 +0000

Hi Guys Today we see how to transfer data from USART to LCD in ATmega16

Interfacing of LCD to ATmega16 and sending data to LCD from USART PORT

To design this Project we need to initialize USART and LCD

Then we must fetch data from TXD Pin send to LCD display.

To Enable USART:

In this we are using F_CPU = 8MHz; for the USART communication we should initialize proper Baud Rate.

To Enable USART:

1.) Baud Rate should be set.

2.) Initialize Control register for 8bit data transfer

We take Baud Rate as 9600

For F_cpu = 8Mhz and Baud Rate 9600 we should enter the value of UBRR value as shown in Table above i.e.: 51 in decimal so in we must enter 33 Hex Value.

U2X = 0 means asynchronous and U2X = 1 means synchronous.

We are using asynchronous transmission.

There are 3 control register and 1 data register for USART

Control Register:

1.) UCSRA

2.) UCSRB

3.) UCSRC

Data Register:

1.) UDR

Control Register:

1.) UCSRB & UCSRC:

In this Register we should enable TXEN and RXEN bit by setting it 1(high).

And there is bit UCSZ2 bit with used to set whether it’s a 8 bit transmission or 9 bit transmission.

UCSZ2 combine with two other bit UCSZ1 and UCSZ0 in Register UCSRC are used to set it the Table show the setting.

We are using the Character Size as 8 bit, so UCSZ2-UCSZ0 = 011

In UCSRC Register there is bit URSEL which is used to access the UBRR Register and UCSRC Register if Set 0 means UBRR (initially its UBRR Register) and when set 1 we can use UCSRC Register. Thus to set 8bit transmission we should 1^st set URSEL bit.

2.) UCSRA:

U2X = 0 because we are using Asynchronous mode.(Initially it is 0)

3.) UDR:

This is a Data register for USART it convert Serial data (8 bit) into Parallel (8 bit) data and vice versa.

Is used to for transmitting and receiving the data from TXD and RXD Pin.

To Enable LCD:

1.) We are using 4-bit LCD.

To interface LCD in 4-bit mode we have seen in previous topic.

For more details in coding LCD please refer Videos

In this program we receive each data from the rxd pin and send it to LCD using microcontroller.

Each time a data is send via serial port it will be displayed in LCD.

Link: Click for Video

Code:Click for Code

USART COMMUNICATION USING ATmega16

noreply@blogger.com (Anonymous) — Thu, 09 Jul 2015 17:35:00 +0000

Hi Guys Today we will see about AVR Atmega16 USART communication.

In this we are using F_CPU = 8MHz; for the USART communication we should initialize proper Baud Rate.

To Enable USART:

1.) Baud Rate should be set.

2.) Initialize Control register for 8bit data transfer

We take Baud Rate as 9600

For F_cpu = 8Mhz and Baud Rate 9600 we should enter the value of UBRR value as shown in Table above i.e.: 51 in decimal so in we must enter 33 Hex Value.

U2X = 0 means asynchronous and U2X = 1 means synchronous.

We are using asynchronous transmission.

There are 3 control register and 1 data register for USART

Control Register:

1.) UCSRA

2.) UCSRB

3.) UCSRC

Data Register:

1.) UDR

Control Register:

1.) UCSRB & UCSRC:

In this Register we should enable TXEN and RXEN bit by setting it 1(high).

And there is bit UCSZ2 bit with used to set whether it’s a 8 bit transmission or 9 bit transmission.

UCSZ2 combine with two other bit UCSZ1 and UCSZ0 in Register UCSRC are used to set it the Table show the setting.

We are using the Character Size as 8 bit, so UCSZ2-UCSZ0 = 011

2.) UCSRA:

U2X = 0 because we are using Asynchronous mode.(Initially it is 0)

3.) UDR:

This is a Data register for USART it convert Serial data (8 bit) into Parallel (8 bit) data and vice versa.

Is used to for transmitting and receiving the data from TXD and RXD Pin.

For More details:

Refer Videos

Click for Video

code:

Click for Code

INTERFACING OF PIC18F4550 TO LCD IN 8-BIT MODE

noreply@blogger.com (Anonymous) — Fri, 27 Jun 2014 16:47:00 +0000

INTERFACING OF PIC18F4550 TO LCD IN 8-BIT MODE

All LCD have two mode of working:

1.) For 8-bit mode => Command is (0x38).

2.) For 4-bit mode => Command is (0x28).

Interfacing of PIC to LCD in 8-Bit mode with Busy mode.

Busy mode is checked using last data pin of LCD display (D7).
If D7 is High When en Pin.

3 Important Pin of LCD are rs, rw, en.

rs = Register Select pin is used to Select Command or Data Register.
rw = Read/Write pin is used to Read or Write Data.
en = Enable pin is used to latch data into display and to read data from lcd.

rs	0	Command
rs	1	Data
rw	0	Write
rw	1	Read
en	1-> 0	Latch data into LCD
en	0 -> 1	Latch data out from LCD

PORTD = LCD Data.

STEP1: 1^st Set the Last Bit of PORTD i.e. RD7

STEP2: rs = 0; To Select Command Register.

STEP3: rw = 1; To Select Read Mode.

STEP4: en => High to Low. To Latch data out of LCD

STEP5: Check for Bit Set D7 and if D7 => 1; go to Step4.

Or else do nothing.

We have to make 3 important Function.
1.) Command Function to send command to LCD
2.) Data Function to send single data to LCD
3.) Initialize LCD to Work in 8-biit Mode.

MODE Explanation
0x38 - LCD as 16 x 2 line in 8-bit mode
0x28 - LCD as 16 x 2 line in 4-bit mode.
0x0C - Cursor ON, Blinking OFF
0x0E - Cursor ON, Blinking ON
0x06 - Auto increment Cursor
0x80 - 1st line and 1st location of LCD
0xC0 - 2nd line and 1st location

Now rest all you will understand by seeing the Code.

Thank You.

Code: Click for Code

For Video:Click on this Link

INTERFACING OF PIC18F4550 TO LCD IN 4-BIT MODE

noreply@blogger.com (Anonymous) — Thu, 26 Jun 2014 09:35:00 +0000

INTERFACING OF PIC18F4550 TO LCD IN 4-BIT MODE

LCD Description:

LCD display has 3 control pin:

1.) Register Select Pin (rs)

2.) Read/Write Pin (rw)

3.) Enable Pin (en)

Register Select Pin used for selecting the Register of LCD i.e.

Command Register or Data Register.

rs = 0; Command Register.

rs = 1; Data Register.

Read /Write Pin used for selecting Read from or Write to LCD i.e.

rw = 0; Write mode.

rw = 1; Read mode.

Enable Pin used for Latching Data into LCD data Register.

When Write Data to LCD en must go High to Low.

And to Read Data from LCD en must go Low to High.

LCD has 8-bit Data Pin:

We are using 4-bit Mode, so we are using only high 4-bit.

i.e. (D7-D4).

Thank You.

Plz Do Share and Subscribe the Video.

Code: Click For Code
For Video on Above Program: Click For Video

INTERFACING OF 4x4 KEYPAD TO MICROCONTROLLER

noreply@blogger.com (Anonymous) — Wed, 16 Apr 2014 10:51:00 +0000

INTERFACING OF 4x4 KEYPAD TO MICROCONTROLLER

Interfacing of microcontroller to 4x4 Keypad is very simple.
The Simple logic behind this is just scan all the key in the matrix.
Let assume 4 line are output and 4 lines are input.
Columns are input.
Row are output.

	C1	C2	C3	C4
R1	0	1	2	3
R2	4	5	6	7
R3	8	9	A	B
R4	C	D	E	F

C = Columns

R = Rows

Case 0:

	C1	C2	C3	C4
R1	0	1	1	1
R2	1	1	1	1
R3	1	1	1	1
R4	1	1	1	1

When Row and Column are shorted then it is accepted as Key Pressed Now C1 & R1 = 0.
That means “0”.

Case 15:

	C1	C2	C3	C4
R1	0	1	1	1
R2	1	1	1	1
R3	1	1	1	1
R4	1	1	1	0

When Row and Column are shorted then it is accepted as Key Pressed Now C4 & R4 = 0.
That means “F”.

Similarly all other Keys are checked. While pressed we must wait to 20msec i.e. Debounce effect of switch button or key. If Still key is pressed then it’s assumed as key pressed and Equivalent value is displayed.

Thank you and for any queries do comment .....

For Program download it below link:

For LCD : Click for Code

For Keyboard : Click for code

For Videos on Above Program : Click on the Link

INTERFACING OF LCD IN 4-BIT MODE USING MICROCONTROLLER

noreply@blogger.com (Anonymous) — Wed, 02 Apr 2014 18:59:00 +0000

INTERFACING OF LCD IN 4-BIT MODE USING MICRO-CONTROLLER

In this method of Interfacing LCD to Microcontroller using 4-bit mode is to reduce the usage of pin.

Mostly the Circuit having multiple function uses this method.

In this method PORT0 of UC is connected to LCD as Follows:

P0.0 => rs; Register select Pin

P0.1 => en; Enable Pin

P0.4 => D4; data line

P0.5 => D5; “

P0.6 => D6; “

P0.7 => D7; “

In method we use same port for control pin as well as data line. So each data is send by breaking it into two 4bit part.

To initialize LCD in this method a command used is 0x28

Which means 16 x 2 LCD in 4-bit mode.

Before doing that we should send a sequence of 0x30, 0x30, and 0x20.

To send this we use only cmd_hf function which send only 3, 3, and 2 as sequence to LCD to enable in 4-Bit mode.

To send each data we should first clear the higher order bit i.e. from P0.4 – P0.7

And masking the input is properly shown in video.

We should mask Higher bit and rest all bit are clear.
We send by latching.
We should now mask lower bit and send to UC.

This is how a 4-Bit mode LCD works.

Thank you for reading.

Plz Do share and Subscribe.

Source Code: click for code

For Videos on this Example: Click on the link

INTERFACING OF MICRO-CONTROLLER 8051 TO ADC (ADC 0804)

noreply@blogger.com (Anonymous) — Mon, 03 Mar 2014 13:46:00 +0000

INTERFACING OF MICRO-CONTROLLER 8051 TO ADC (ADC 0804)

Micro-controller 8051 does not has in-built ADC. So, we are using external ADC 0804. It is an 8-bit ADC so, resolution = 8-bit.

ADC 0804 Pin Details:

DB7 - DB0 – Are 8 Data Pin which hold Converted Digital data.

CS - It is an Active low signal usually we can ground it, or use a pin from microcontroller to control it by passing high to low pulse in the pin.

RD – It is an Active low signal it use to read data from ADC0804 Data line (DB7-DB0).

WR - It is an Active low signal. When low to high signal is passed in that pin the adc conversion start.

INTR - It is an Active low signal. It is used to Check for End of Conversion.

Vref/2 – It is the References voltage is given to ADC for Step sizes Calculation of conversion.

AGND – Analog Ground.

DGND – Digital Ground.

Important Note:

Resolution of this ADC is 8bit, so that means the Steps ranges from (0-255)

Formula:

Step sizes = Vref/(2ⁿ-1); n = 8(Resolution of ADC).

= Vref/(256 - 1);

= Vref/255;

To convert and display the data into LCD we use a formula to convert it to ascii.

if data = 125

for unit place data the formula is

(data%10) = 5 => now or with 30h we get ascii value i.e.( 5|0x30 ) = 35

35 in ascii means 5 numeric.

for tenth place data the formula is

((data/10)%10) = 2 => now or with 30h we get ascii value i.e.( 2|0x30 ) = 32

32 in ascii means 2 numeric.

for send data the formula is

((data/100)%10) = 1 => now or with 30h we get ascii value i.e.( 1|0x30 ) = 31

31 in ascii means 1 numeric.

To convert the data into LCD in Hex format using lookup table
first Mask the low bits using 0xF0 and shift higher 4bit data to lower 4 bit and get the equal data from lookup table.
then, mask the Higher bits using 0x0F and compare it with lookup table and display it.

Ex:

Higher bits = (data & 0xF0)>>4;

Lower bits = (data & 0x0F);

To Convert the Digital data to analog we have formula ie;

D_out = V_in/step sizes;

So, when we alter it we get

V_in = D_{out *}Step size;

V_in = D_out* (Vref/2ⁿ-1);

Apply this formula we get input voltage;

Thus we have done the Coding for Interfacing of ADC to 8051.

Program for ADC:click for code

Video on above Example: Click for videos

SIMPLE INTERFACE STEPPER MOTOR TO 8051

noreply@blogger.com (Anonymous) — Sun, 16 Feb 2014 11:39:00 +0000

SIMPLE INTERFACE STEPPER MOTOR TO 8051

In this Program we have interface Stepper motor to 8051. Stepper motor is Driven by L293D IC.

L293D IC need Vss = +12V and Vs = +5V and en1 and en2 are used to enable Push-Pull Driver.

In this method we have used A unipolar Stepper motor.

A unipolar stepper motor has one winding with centre tap per phase. Each section of windings is switched on for each direction of magnetic field.

Since in this arrangement a magnetic pole can be reversed without switching the direction of current, the commutation circuit can be made very simple (e.g., a single transistor) for each winding.

Typically, given a phase, the centre tap of each winding is made common: giving three leads per phase and six leads for a typical two phase motor. Often, these two phase commons are internally joined, so the motor has only five leads.

A micro controller or stepper motor controller can be used to activate the drive transistors in the right order, and this ease of operation makes unipolar motors popular with hobbyists; they are probably the cheapest way to get precise angular movements.

It Work According to the Table given below:

A	B	C	D	De
1	0	0	0	45
1	1	0	0	90
0	1	0	0	135
0	1	1	0	180
0	0	1	0	225
0	0	1	1	270
0	0	0	1	315
1	0	0	1	360 or 0

A = in1

B = in2

C = in3

D = in4

De = Degree of rotation

FOR PROGRAM REFER LINK:Click on this link for code

For videos on above example : click on this link

SIMPLE INTERFACING OF DC MOTOR TO 8051

noreply@blogger.com (Anonymous) — Sat, 15 Feb 2014 22:11:00 +0000

SIMPLE INTERFACING OF DC MOTOR TO 8051

In this method we are using a Motor driver IC (L293D). It is Driver which provide supply to motor (up to 12V) and prevent the microcontroller from motor Back EMF problem.

In our program we are using 3 pin of L293D that are en1, in1 and in2 for driving a motor. We must give a supply of 6V or 12V to Vss pin and 5V to Vs pin.

In1 and in2 are two pin which control the clockwise direction of motor.

En1 pin enable in1 and in2 or enable one side of IC’s Bridge, because it has two bridge which are control by en1 and en2.

En1 control in1 and in2, En2 control in3 and in4 pin of IC.

So we have assigned the Pin of Port0 i.e. P0.0 = in1, P0.1 = in2,P0.2 = en1.

So to enable the circuit en1 must always be 1 or (high).

And for Clockwise in1 = 1 and in2 = 0.

For Counter-Clockwise in1= 0 and in2 = 1.

So here is program for DC motor.

//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------//

#include<reg51f.h>

sbit in1 = P0^0; //----Assigning Pin0 of PORT 0 as input 1 for motor

sbit in2 = P0^1; //----Assigning Pin1 of PORT 0 as input 2 for motor

sbit en1 = P0^2; //----Assigning Pin2 of PORT 0 as input 3 for enabling the driver IC

//--------Main Program-----------//

void main()

{

P0 = 0x00; //----Assigning Port 0 as Output

en1 = 1; //----Driver IC is enabled

while(1) //----Creating Super loop

{

//-----To rotate motor in clockwise direction----//

in1 = 1; //----Input 1 given as high

in2 = 0; //----Input 2 given as low

} //----End of Super loop

}

//---------End of main program--------//

//---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------//

Program:click for code

For video on above example:Click for video

DISPLAYING CUSTOMIZED CHARACTER USING CGROM IN LCD DISPLAY LM016L

noreply@blogger.com (Anonymous) — Sat, 08 Feb 2014 13:09:00 +0000

DISPLAYING CUSTOMIZED CHARACTER USING CGROM IN LCD DISPLAY LM016L

CGROM – Character Generator ROM

In LCD display we have seen that, when we send ASCII value it directly display.

Actually the CGROM has all ASCII value store in it. So when we send any ASCII value it compare it with CGROM and displays it.

A user defined Character Patterns can also be generated using mask-programmed ROM.

To Generate a Customized Character like Symbol, smiley etc.

We use 5x8 dot matrix to generate a symbol.

	Don’t Care			5 COLUMN					Hex value
8 R O W	0	0	0	0	X	X	X	0	0x0E
	0	0	0	X	X	X	X	X	0x1F
	0	0	0	X	0	0	0	X	0x11
	0	0	0	X	0	0	0	X	0x11
	0	0	0	X	0	0	0	X	0x11
	0	0	0	X	0	0	0	X	0x11
	0	0	0	X	X	X	X	X	0x1F
	0	0	0	X	X	X	X	X	0x1F

X= 1;

0 = 0;

Higher 3-bit are don’t care because the data send is 8bit

So we use addition 3-bits a predefined 0 and rest of 5 bit are the 5 columns and 8 row are used to defined each row and column in the display.

X indicates that the bit is 1.

0 indicates the bit as 0.

In 5x8 matrix only the higher 3 bit are don’t care.

The symbol Created is a Battery symbol. We can generator many type of symbol using mask-programmed ROM (CGROM location that are unused)

The Hex value created for symbol must be place in CGROM location 40H.

The 40H memory has 8 addressable location from 00 to 07.

And while displaying we should mention addressable location of 40H that are storing 8-byte data in each location from 0x00 to 0x07.

Each location i.e. 0x00 hold 8-byte data.

Any Queries Do Comment...

For videos on the above example: click on the link

INTERFACING OF LCD DISPLAY TO MICRO-CONTROLLER 8051

noreply@blogger.com (Anonymous) — Sat, 08 Feb 2014 07:37:00 +0000

INTERFACING OF LCD DISPLAY TO MICRO-CONTROLLER MC8051

The LCD used here is LM016L and Micro-controller is 8051(P89V51RD2).

It is 16 pin Lcd display in which 3 pin are dedicated as control pin and 8 pin for data transfer.

Here I had Connected the Port 0 of MC to LCD and P2(0,1,2) pin to control pin of LCD.

NOTE: 3 control pins are RS = Register Select, RW = Read/Write, and E = Enable.

The working of LCD main depends on this 3 control pin:

When RS = 0, Means Register selected is Command register and the data send are command for LCD.
When RS = 1, Means Register Selected is Data register and the data is directly send to DDRAM (Display Data RAM) for displaying the String.
RW pin is Read or Write enable pin. RW = 0, Means Write functions is select so that we can write data or command into LCD RAM.
RW pin when is set as 1, means Read function is selected. We only read the status of LCD DDRAM, i.e. whether it’s Busy or ready to accept the data.
E = Enable pin is used to latch the data send from Micro-controller to LCD.
When E get high to low pulse it latch the data into LCD RAM.
So for every data or command to be send to LCD display the E pin must have high to low pulse.

Important Command of LCD:

Clear the display = 0x01;
Display on and cursor blinking = 0x0E;
Display on and cursor blinking off = 0x0C;
Cursor incrementing = 0x06;
1^st location in the 1^st line of lcd display = 0x80;
1^st location in the 2^nd line of lcd display = 0xC0;
For Left Shifting the data of lcd = 0x18;
For Right shifting the data of lcd = 0x1C;

In this method I have used the pointer to send of number string

This method is called as pass by Reference.

Any Queries Plz Do Comment.

For Video on this example: Click on this link for video

PROGRAM FOR BLINKY USING MC 8051(MICRO-CONTROLLER)

noreply@blogger.com (Anonymous) — Thu, 30 Jan 2014 18:56:00 +0000

PROGRAM FOR BLINKY USING MC 8051(MICRO-CONTROLLER)

Blinky is nothing but blinking of Led using 8051 Microcontroller.

Blinking Can be done as user defined.

I have shown the toggling pattern, we can all make incrementing, Decrementing and shifting pattern.
Following code is for shifting pattern

[You have just change the main program:]

//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------//

void main()

{

Unsigned char count;

Led = 0x01; //----Initializing pin0 has high pin

While(1) //---creating supper loop

{

If(led != 0x00) //----Checking for a condition when not equal to 0

For(count=0;count<=7;count++) //-----Creating 8 loop for 8 times shifting of data//

{

Led = led <<1; //----shifting 8bit data by one bit

}

Else //----if condition is equal to zero

{

Led = 0x01; // load initial value to port

}

} //---End of super loop

}

//------------------End of main program----------------//

//-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------//

This is a simple program to get started with MC 8051

For Videos :Click for video

Generation of PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) using MC 8051

noreply@blogger.com (Anonymous) — Tue, 28 Jan 2014 17:49:00 +0000

Generation of PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) using MC 8051

Calculation of timer delay generation for 8051:

TMOD Reg:

D7	D6	D5	D4	D3	D2	D1	D0
Gate	C/T	M1	M0	Gate	C/T	M1	M0

For enable timer0

We use D3-D0 bit

Gate = 0, means the Timer0 is control by software method

C/T(counter/Timer) = 0,Means Timer is Enable

M1 M0 for mode selection

0 0 Mode0: 13 bit timer

0 1 Mode1: 16bit timer

1 0 Mode2: 8bit auto reload timer

1 1 Mode3: Split timer mode

We are using mode 1

So M1 M0 = 01

D3 = 0; D2 = 0; D1 = 0; D0 = 1; rest all bit are don’t care

TMOD = 0x01;

For count calculation we must know the XTAL value in my case its 11.0592MHz

If we need time delay =1ms, that mean Required delay (Td) = 1ms;

Now we have to find Fin

Fin = XTAL/12 [12 it the total machine cycle]

Fin = (11. 0592x10^6)/12; Fin=09216x10^6;

Tin = 1/(Fin); Tin = 1.08506x10^-6;

Count(xx)_d = Td/Tin; count= (1x10^-3)/(1.0856x10^-6);

Count = 921; equalent hex value = 399

(YY)_h = Max Count - Count(xx)_d; 16 bit timer max count = FFFF

(YY)_h = FFFF - 399 = FC67;

This value (YY)_his loaded in TH0 and TL0 register in program.

For video of above program: Click for Video