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Yemeni Houthi terrorist's heinous attack on Israel's Ben Gurion airport leaves a 25 meter deep crater

vvpvijay@gmail.com (Vijay Prabhu) — Sun, 4 May 2025 23:59:00 +0530

The terrorist attack in Israel by Yemen's Houthis leaves 8 injured and shocks the world

The dreaded Houthis from Yemen attack Israel again!!

The defense ministry of Israel has confirmed that the Yemeni Houthi terrorists have launched a missile strike against Israel. One of the missiles fired by Houthis landed on the premier Israel's Ben Gurion airport, leaving a 25-meter (or about 82 feet) deep crater and injuring 8 Israelis.

The Israelis used their Iron Dome to intercept the multiple missiles fired by Houthis, but one of them managed to escape the Iron Dome dragnet and struck the Israeli airport! This is very surprising if you consider the Iron Dome technology and how it has managed tos so far been able to stop multiple missile, drone, and autonomous weapons attacks by Hamas, Hezbollah, Houthis, and even Iran. Israeli Prime Minister Bibi Netanyahu has promised the Israeli population that the Israeli Army will take "sevenfold revenge" in response to this attack.

On a side note, the Israelis are always honest regarding terms like "sevenfold response". This has already been proven by the battle-hardened Israeli military time and again with the pager attacks on Hezbollah or the raids on Hamas and in Syria. On a TV show, Houthi military spokesperson Yahya Saree has said that "The airport is no longer safe for travel" and Houthis would keep firing their long-range missiles at Israel till they withdraw from Gaza.

Israelis are investigating how the missile managed to get past the Iron Dome. Israel has usually allowed the Houthis to launch missiles for the past 12 months, assuming that these will be intercepted, while Israel has launched multiple raids, using warplanes to attack the Houthis. However, it has stepped aside once the United States Army started its own strikes against the Yemeni terrorists. The U.S. Navy has so far launched nearly 800 raids in Yemen in reply to its targeting the US and European commercial container ships. has launched its own airstrikes on the Houthis, which started on March 15^th. The U.S. campaign has at least two aircraft carriers operating in the Arabian Peninsula for Houthi targets in Yemen. For years, the ragtag coalition of the Houthis has been terrorising the whole Middle East with their long-range missile and drone attacks, which are supplied by their ally Iran

With the United States launching multiple raids on Houthi targets in Yemen daily, opening this additional front with Israel, the situation is absolutely a pitfall for the Houthis.

Reasons Why It Is Important to Care About the Environment

vvpvijay@gmail.com (Vijay Prabhu) — Wed, 3 Oct 2018 21:33:00 +0530

As a fellow human why it is important to take care of the environment

Are you studying Ecología y Medio Ambiente at a reputable school? If so, then you need to understand why it is important to take care of the environment. Many students have developed environmental care projects that are still used to date to keep the environment in good shape.

With all the environmental concerns in the world, people from all corners of the world should know why it is important to care for our environment. It is a joint effort in which every person has a part to play. Here are the main reasons.

The necessity of a Clean Environment

Imagine if all the sewers were open, chemicals disposed of without care or all vegetation slashed down. The world would be full of diseases, and unbearable weather conditions would strangle the earth. On the other hand, picture the clean, fresh air you enjoy as you jog around the park or the clean streets we enjoy every day. They contribute to the healthy lifestyle people are living today, right? It is for this reason that we need to be responsible when disposing of waste, harvesting trees and doing other things that affect the environment.

Dangerous Global Warming

On average, the temperature has significantly gone up over the last millennium. The environmental experts attribute this to a high level of industrialization in the world and the cutting down of vegetation. The United Nations has tried to come together and urge people to plant more trees and help the world to stay green. However, harvesting seems to be higher than planting all over the world. Trees can help to trap the bad emissions from industries and prevent the perforation of the ozone layer.

Earth Is Home

We all know that planet Earth is the only one with proven qualities to support life. We share our planet with all other living creatures in the form of animals and plants. Earth deserves all the preservation that we can afford. Since the environment holds all the resources that we need for survival, it is important that we take care of it.
Trees and other plants ensure that the oxygen is clean during the day, which means that we need more of them. On the other hand, hazardous emissions and fumes in the water and air lead to diseases that kill both human beings and other creatures. Guarding our Earth jealously simply means taking good care of the environment.

Avoid Species Extinction

We learn in school that some creatures became extinct because of changes in the environment. This is not a myth since we also know that numerous creatures are now at risk of facing the same fate. Weaker species are facing a challenge because they can no longer survive in the harsh environment. We can save them by saving the environment. The most affected are the aquatic animals and plants since factories usually dispose of their waste in water bodies.

Caring for the environment is an obligation of every human being. Let us all unite together and address this issue accordingly.

How Can You Enjoy Learning Mathematics?

vvpvijay@gmail.com (Vijay Prabhu) — Mon, 3 Sep 2018 21:50:00 +0530

How to study and enjoy Mathematics at the same time

While learning mathematics is not at all enjoyable to some students, some find it very interesting and easy. The whole of learning mathematics can become a lot interesting if the students develop a deeper in interest in the subject and are thorough with all the fundamental concepts related to the subject.

To be able to be good at maths and score well in the exams, students need to enjoy learning the concepts. So, in this article, some of the best ways are mentioned which will help the students to enjoy learning maths and eventually develop a strong foundation in it.

● Be thorough with the basics

It is suggested to be completely acquainted with some of the basic concepts in maths as most of the higher level concepts are interlinked. One can refer to NCERT books for clearing any doubts regarding the basic concepts. Also, as the NCERT solutions for class 6 maths, class 7 maths, etc. are available for free, students can easily clear any doubts which might come up.

● Gamification

It is seen that students learn maths in a better way of math games are incorporated in the learning process. There are various online math games which students can play and be engaged. Even the educators can conduct different math games for the students (especially for the children). For example, simple games like calculate the length of their classrooms, or tables, etc. can help the students to engage in the activities and stay motivated throughout.

● Visualization & practical relevances

Visualization helps to simplify even the most difficult maths concepts and makes learning more fun and effective. With 3D animations, 3D printing, and reality tools, it is now easy to visualize the topics and get practical relevances to them.

● Never pile up doubts

Maths need proper practice and in-depth understanding of the basics to be able to develop a deeper understanding of the topics and excel in the subject. It is important to never pile up the doubt and clear them instantly. Now, clearing doubts has become extremely easy as the NCERT solutions are readily available online. Know more about the NCERT solutions here and clear all your doubts instantly.

These were a few ways in which any student can learn maths more effectively and enjoy learning its concepts. Maths can be a lot more interesting if one develops an interest towards it and enjoy learning the concepts.

Most Scoring Topics in JEE Main: Maths

vvpvijay@gmail.com (Vijay Prabhu) — Thu, 15 Mar 2018 17:25:00 +0530

Why Mathematics is considered the most scoring subject in JEE Main

IIT JEE is considered to be one of the toughest examinations at the undergraduate level. Although, all the subjects of this examination have equal weightage in terms of marks but the subject which scares most of the students is Mathematics. Even the sharpest of students end up making the silliest of mistakes when it comes to Mathematics.

The examination is scheduled to be held on April 15-16, 2018 which leaves the students with approximately 1 month to excel in their preparation. Candidates can download JEE Main admit card from the official website.

While Maths is scoring and lengthy section, it requires rigorous practice and persistence to score well. Looking at the level of difficulty for the examination, wouldn’t it be beneficial if you had a list of topics which were easy to score in? Fret now, we have just the same. The below mentioned topics are important yet scoring at the same time!

Trigonometry :

Generally, you will not find hardcore pure trigonometry questions in JEE Mains. Mostly, questions from inverse trigonometry and trigonometric equations are asked in the exam. They are quite easy to do if you remember the trigonometric formulas. In some questions, one can guess the answer by simply looking at the options. This is one area which can definitely benefit you. One can expect easy questions from this area.

Algebra :

Quadratic equations and matrices are the most widely covered areas in algebra, asked in the examination. Usually the exam consists of a lot of easy questions and also has high weightage in JEE Mains. From matrices, you can expect easy passage type questions.

Multiple questions can be attempted through a single passage. Apart from matrices, quadratic equations are also one of the most favorite topics of students aspiring for JEE. One should devote a lot of time to this topic as it is easy scoring. But, you may also expect some standard questions from this area so a strong practice is highly recommended.

Permutations and combinations :

This is a topic which is easy in nature with very few formulas but it is an unpredictable topic. Sometimes, you can expect lot of questions from this area and sometimes very less questions from this area. Mostly, more or less the questions will be similar to the ones asked in previous years.

Probability :

It is a logical area from where you can expect easy questions. However, the questions are conceptual based and not based on formulae’s so you need to focus more on the logic part.

Co-ordinate geometry :

In coordinate geometry, most of the questions appear from straight lines and circles. These topics also involve analytical skill as there are not much formula’s in it. The best part is that this chapter also appears in class 10th and most of the questions asked from this area are from basics. So, getting a strong hold on fundamentals would help you in scoring well in this area.

Differentiation and Integration Calculus :

These topics scare students the most because they have lot of formulas in them. However, once you learn the formulas and start practicing it is also one of the most interesting areas in Maths. Under differentiation, Limits and continuity is one of the easiest and scoring topics. The whole topic is based on only one simple “L-Hospitals” rule which makes it very easy and scoring.

In integration, which is also called reverse of differentiation, there are lot of formulas. But, one easy area in the same is definite integrals with very few formulas, making it easier to learn and practice questions based on this topic. The Physics section also has a lot of questions based on Integration and thus, one must focus on it.

Statistics :

Statistics is another easy area where you just need to memorize basic formulas. Questions are based on mean, median, mode etc. This is a complete formula based area and hence, you won’t get any tricky questions. Increase your score by simply applying the formulas.

Vectors & 3D:

Last but not the least, vectors and 3D is an area which appears in the ending chapters of the curriculum. This topic is very easy and scoring. A lot of questions are asked from this section. Problems are generally easy in nature and this topic is an extension of coordinate geometry so, if you are thorough with concepts of coordinate geometry vectors and 3d would be easy too. Planes is an easy area in vectors and highly scoring too. However, you can expect direct questions from this area so be clear with the concepts.

Hope this article was helpful and you score well using the above information.

All the Best!

Improve Communication Skills for MBA Interviews with these Tips

vvpvijay@gmail.com (Vijay Prabhu) — Tue, 20 Feb 2018 19:22:00 +0530

How to improve your communications skills for MBA interviews

In order to secure admission in top B-schools, a student has to pass three important steps- the first step is the examination, after successful completion of the examination a student applies to colleges wherein he/she goes through the further two steps i.e. Group Discussion and Personal Interview.

The personal interview of CAT 2018 is the terminal stage in the selection process. Interviews play a major role in the selection as they measure you both as a person and as a future professional in all walks of life. They assess your overall personality and basically check whether you are fit to be a part of a particular college or not. In order to ace the interview one needs to be excellent at communication skills as it is the most important factor on which a candidate is judged by the interviewer. Communication Skills not only play a significant role in the interview process but are a basic skill which an MBA graduate must possess.

The candidate cannot learn or build communication skills overnight. However, they can try and gradually improve it. Here are some important tips one can follow to improve his/her communication skills.

• Reading

One of the most important factors to improve your communication skills is reading. Reading magazines, newspapers, and novels help you in building communication skills. Reading magazines is a great way of improving not just your communications skills but also your knowledge of current affairs. Magazines such as The Week, Outlook business, The Economist and Business Today are the best for updates on international as well as national news and you would also have greater chances of cracking the interview. Reading a newspaper on daily basis also improves your communication and makes your general knowledge stronger.

Novels are a great source of enhancing your communication skills. As they revolve around various characters and stories, you tend to develop a good vocabulary. So make sure to read every day.

• Vocabulary

Another factor is improving your vocabulary. It is very important for the interviewer to understand what you are speaking and hence you should be good at expressing yourself. In order to have good vocabulary students should keep learning new words and also try framing sentences with them. Students should not focus on including fancy words in their communication, rather use simple words which could be understood by the interviewer.

• Be a Patient Listener

It is always said that a good speaker is also a good listener. So it is important to be calm and patient while communicating. The more you listen, the better you can express as it helps you put your thoughts in a better way. It is important that one must concentrate more on listening rather than speaking as you can get a better understanding of what the other person is trying to say and then you can respond in an appropriate way.

• Maintaining a Consistent Tone Throughout

In order to be fluent in communication skills, you should be able to start a conversation by expressing your point of view in a simple and flexible manner. One needs to maintain a proper tone throughout the interview and be prepared to answer all the type of questions the interviewer asks. In order to enter into a dialogue with others even with whom you disagree, you should be more honest and stick to your point and not start debating a topic.

• Confidence

While you are interacting with the interviewer it is very important that you should be confident in the way you are expressing yourself. Maintaining eye contact with the interviewer or using a friendly tone also expresses your confidence. But make sure not to be overconfident.

• Maintain a Clear Picture

While having a conversation it is very important that you are clear on what you are expressing. Often unorganized thoughts can land in an irrelevant conversation which might leave a negative impact on the interviewer, making it important to have clear thoughts and speak with clarity.

• Persistency is the Key

Communication skills can’t be improved overnight and hence one needs to be persistent and consistent in their efforts. Try reading from all possible sources such as books, newspapers and also try writing articles or speeches so that you would also improve your writing skills. If possible, try practicing speeches by standing in front of a mirror to build up confidence.

Are you a State Board Student? Here's How You Can Ace NEET

vvpvijay@gmail.com (Vijay Prabhu) — Thu, 1 Feb 2018 13:09:00 +0530

Read about the ways in which you can ace NEET unified examination

NEET is the unified exam for almost all the MBBS/BDS seats in the country. So, it does not matter if you belong to any particular state or region, you will have to appear for this exam if you want to pursue higher education in the medical field.

But, since the majority of the students appearing in the exam belong to CBSE board, state board students feel that they cannot compete with CBSE students in the exam. Well, this is a popular notion, but it is definitely not true.

Whether you are a state board student or CBSE student, if you have prepared hard for this exam, only then you will be able to crack. But, if you still feel that you cannot ace this exam due to your belonging to the regional board, then we have brought some important tips that can remove all doubts from your mind. Take a look at these tips: -

Shrug off all the Myths

There will be a lot of people around you who will tell a whole lot of things about NEET exam. Well, first thing is that, if they say anything that makes you feel that you cannot crack NEET, then stay away from them. Being a student of a state board is never a disadvantage for NEET, and you can crack it just like any other CBSE student would do.

There are two big myths about NEET that most of state board students get preyed to. First is, ‘NEET is based on CBSE syllabus, you will have to study extra things to crack it’. Well, as an answer to this, you should know that NEET is based on NCERT syllabus and not CBSE. Most of the state boards have made their syllabus in line with NCERT.

Second big myth is, ‘You need coaching to crack NEET.’ Well, this is purely a big myth. NEET is based on Class 11 and 12 syllabi so you can clear NEET with all what you have studied till now. You just need consistent studying, and definitely, NEET can be cracked without coaching as well.

Have the Right Strategy

Having a proper approach towards the exam is very important. There are many points that need to be taken care of while preparing for NEET, and therefore, a well-defined strategy is needed.

If you have 6 months to prepare for the exam, ideally your syllabus should get completed in a maximum of 3 months. After this, you should enroll for any mock test series for best practice. Solving past year papers for NEET is also a very important part of the preparation, so you should not miss out on that front. While rigorous practice is a very obvious thing, you should also make notes for revision.

Keeping all these important things in mind, do craft a feasible strategy and stick to it. Many students make plans but are not able to follow them. But, do remember that one good hit doesn’t make you win the match, you have to consistently keep on scoring runs whole throughout the innings to bring the trophy home.

Follow the Right Study Material

Having quality study material is definitely a decisive part of preparation. You do not need to solve very tough questions, rather, the material that you follow must have the relevant set of questions.

A general rule to remember is that you need one textbook and one advanced book (at least) to ace the exam. While textbooks help you to understand the basic, the advanced books aid one to practice HOTS and these build your grip on the concepts.

For all the 3 subjects, NCERT books are a must. These have the best explanations of topics and you can expect some direct questions from these. Apart from NCERT books, the concept of Physics by HC Verma, Objective NCERT at your fingertips (physics) by MTG Editorial Board are good choices.

For Chemistry, books by OP Tandon, coupled with Objective Chemistry by RK Gupta will be very useful. For Biology, you can refer to Complete NEET Guide by MTG Editorial Board and Objective Biology by Dinesh.

Use Internet to Your Advantage

If you have access to the Internet, then you should make the full use of it. There are tons of apps, forums and YouTube channels that provide access to free and useful study material.

Apps like AskIITians, NEET app by EduRev, NEET Practice by KRV Solutions and Toppr App can prove to be very effective. On the other hand, YouTube channels like Aim4 AIIMS/NEET, GradeUp, Study Buddy Club and BYJU’s NEET are definitely worth subscribing.

Remember, the Paper is Same for All

Since the paper is same for everyone, there is definitely no need to feel that have you any disadvantage when compared to the CBSE aspirants. First of all, NEET question paper is never set keeping any particular board in mind and is designed in such a way that it is of same level for everyone.

Also, from this year, the question paper in all the languages will be same. Earlier different papers were set for different languages, but it will not be that case from this year.

Another big thing is that in recent papers of NEET, some questions from state board’s books have also been seen. So, it’s nowhere correct to think that paper is more favored towards CBSE aspirants.

Best Washing Machines in India in 2018

vvpvijay@gmail.com (Vijay Prabhu) — Fri, 26 Jan 2018 13:15:00 +0530

Choose the best Washing Machines in India in 2018

Today we don’t find any house without a washing machine. It has become a part of our daily life; we cannot think of washing our clothes without it. One of the main advantages of a washing machine is that it's user-friendly and saves time. During earlier days there were only semi-automatic machines and was available only in the houses of the rich. It was a luxury item during those days. Today we have Semi-automatic and fully automatic machines having the top load as well as front load features. While semi-automatic machines do not have as much demand as they used to have, fully automatic front load machines rule the industry. The top load automatic machines are also not behind. Here are some of the best washing machines of 2018 that are available in India.

1. IFB Elite Aqua

IFB is the most trusted brand when it comes to washing machines. They deliver quality products that are worth the money spent. Elite Aqua is no different from them. With a capacity of 7 kg, it stands as the 4th best washing machine available worldwide. It is fully automated with front load system. It has special features such as air bubble wash system for the long-lasting freshness of clothes and 3D technology to clean the stains and dirt from the threads. The crescent-shaped drum helps in protecting the cloths. Some of the other features are built in aqua filter to clean the water, laundry add button and foam sensing with which excessive foam is dissolved. IFB offers a warranty of 4 years. The current price of this product in the market is Rupees 36,091.

2. LG EDLR

LG is a common name among household things. They have a wide variety of products such as air conditioners, refrigerators and of course washing machines. This fully automatic top load model has a capacity of 7 kg. With multi water flow system that helps in easy supply and drainage, this model tops the market. It has punch plus 3 pulsator and smart diagnosis system to detect the number of clothes and wash it in a short time. The jet spray and turbo drum are some of the other specialties of this model. The current rate of this is Rupees 24,290.

3. Bosch WAK20166IN

Bosch is a new face in the manufacturing of washing machines and yet it is the number 1 fast-growing company. Bosch washing machines are of high quality at an affordable rate. They are built in with the latest technology and is the biggest competitor in the market. This model stands 7th best in its quality worldwide. Having a capacity of 6 kg, this fully automated front load machine has various features that attract customers instantly. It has speed features and perfect speed technology that reduces the cycle duration by 65%. The anti-vibration and zero noise quality is another point to be noted. With active water and gentle clean technology, the water usage is minimum and your clothes stay as new forever. You can also manually delay time. Certified by ECARF for its quality and zero detergent trace assurance, this model has a warranty of 2 years. The current price of this model is Rupees 34,499.

There are several other companies too that produce quality products such as Samsung, Haier, Panasonic, Whirlpool, etc. One of the main things to be noted while buying washing machines is the warranty and the features they offer you for your investment. You should also make a note of the service quality and make sure that there is a customer service center near you.

Source: Best Washing Machines in India 2018

GATE 2018 Score Predictor: Find Your Rank and College Now

vvpvijay@gmail.com (Vijay Prabhu) — Fri, 26 Jan 2018 13:01:00 +0530

Find your Rank and College realtime with the new GATE 2018 Score Predictor

The score predictor tool for GATE 2018 gives you the privilege to calculate your expected examination scores even before the declaration of result. Predicting the score and rank using the rank predictor can help the candidates get an approximate idea of which institutes are they likely to get into in accordance to the score they are likely to achieve. Also, they can further decide if they want to apply for placements in PSUs. Graduate Aptitude Test in Engineering 2018 exam is to be conducted by IIT Guwahati on February 3, 4, 10 and 11. The exam will be held in online mode.

GATE score predictor is a simple tool which requires you to fill in certain details such as date of exam, subject paper, slot and category. It will then provide the candidates with their expected score and also predict their rank. You will need to login using your Google or Facebook account for the same. Students don’t have to pay any fee for calculating their scores.

Note: The tool will be made available only after the exam is over. The official link of GATE 2018 score predictor will be released at that time, only for a limited period of time.

This article takes you through the various benefits of using the score predictor tool. It also explains you the steps of using this tool for calculating your scores.

Why Should you Use GATE Score Predictor?

Apart from getting the information related to your score and rank, this viable tool also provides information about the prospects of getting you jobs in the Public Sector Undertaking (PSUs).

After knowing your probable scores using the predictor, you may check the expected cutoff to predict if you will be able to clear the same. Either way, you can plan your prospects in advance.

Note: Candidates must provide valid and accurate information so that their marks can be estimated accurately.

How to Use GATE Score Predictor 2018?

You just need to follow the simple steps provided below to know your predicted marks using GATE 2018 score predictor tool:

1. Open the link of GATE 2018 score predictor. Log in using your Google or Facebook account. In case you are not registered on any of those, you need to create an account and then log in to the same.

2. Enter your GATE 2018 registration number and date of birth to log in to the score predictor.

3. Select the category, date on which you appeared for the exam, exam slot, GATE paper, expected marks out of 100, and the difficulty level of the exam from the options provided for easy, difficult or moderate. Note that you need to use the answer key to calculate your probable marks.

4. Once you have completed filling all the above information, click the ‘Predict Now’ button. The score predictor tool will display your probable score.

Result Analysis of the Score Predictor

The tool will provide you with you your expected marks on the basis of the information provided by you. You can assess the same to understand where you stand in comparison to other candidates who also appeared for the exam along with you. You may save this analysis or take a printout of the same.

Yahoo!! all 3 Billion Accounts hacked in 2013.

vvpvijay@gmail.com (Vijay Prabhu) — Fri, 6 Oct 2017 21:00:00 +0530

Yahoo Data Breach: All Accounts hacked in 2013.

The Email Communication Provider Yahoo having 3 billion accounts back in 2013 was been hacked in 2013 data theft, the data theft was about triple of previous estimated size of biggest data breach in history,Attorneys in a disclosure said that they sharply increased the legal exposure of its new owner, Verizon Communications.

Shareholders and Yahoo account holders lead to claim of class action lawsuits as the news got published, they said. 41 consumer class action lawsuits in us Federal and state courts were faced by the early face of internet Yahoo!! , according to company securities filing in May.

John Yanchunis, a lawyer representing some of the affected Yahoo users, said a federal judge who allowed the case to go forward still had asked for more information to justify his clients' claims. "I think we have those facts now," he said. "It's really mind-numbing when you think about it."
Yahoo said last December that data from more than 1 billion accounts was compromised in 2013, the largest of a series of thefts that forced Yahoo to cut the price of its assets in a sale to Verizon.

Verizon did not respond to a request for comment about any possible lawsuit over the deal.

Verizon, the likely main target of legal actions, also could be challenged as it launches a new brand, Oath, to link its Yahoo, AOL and Huffington Post internet properties.

In August in the separate lawsuit brought by Yahoo's users, U.S. Judge Lucy Koh in San Jose, California, ruled Yahoo must face nationwide litigation brought on behalf of owners accounts who said their personal information was compromised in the three breaches. Yanchunis, the lawyer for the users, said his team planned to use the new information later this month to expanding its allegations.

Also on Tuesday, Senator John Thune, chairman of the U.S. Senate Commerce Committee, said he plans to hold a hearing later this month over massive data breaches at Equifax Inc (EFX.N) and Yahoo. The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission already had been probing Yahoo over the hacks.

10 Network Configuration & Troubleshooting Linux Commands.

vvpvijay@gmail.com (Vijay Prabhu) — Fri, 6 Oct 2017 20:00:00 +0530

Linux Configuration and troubleshooting commands.

In Today's day to day lifestyle as computers are very common the use of networking is also increasing. when a network media connects two or more computers it is called computer network. Its the job of system or network administrator to look after the running and control of the network. in this article we will be featuring 10 rapidly used configuration and troubleshooting linux commands.

1. GUI tool system-config-network

Enter the command system-config-network in command prompt to configure network setting and you will get nice Graphical User Interface (GUI) which may also use to configure IP Address, Gateway, DNS etc.

2. HOST Command

Host command is used to find name to IP or IP to name in IPv4 or IPv6 and also query DNS records.

Using Host-t option we can find out DNS Resource Records like CNAME, NS, MX, SOA etc.

3. ARP Command

ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) is useful to view / add the contents of the kernel’s ARP tables.

4. NETSTAT Command

Netstat (Network Statistic) command display connection info, routing table information etc. To displays routing table information use option as -r.

5. NSLOOKUP Command

nslookup command also use to find out DNS related query.

6. ETHTOOL Command

Ethtool is a replacement of mii-tool. It is to view, setting speed and duplex of your Network Interface Card (NIC). You can set duplex permanently in /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0 with ETHTOOL_OPTS variable.

7. IWCONFIG Command

iwconfig command in Linux is use to configure a wireless network interface. You can see and set the basic Wi-Fi details like SSID channel and encryption.

8. ifconfig

ifconfig (interface configurator) command is use to initialize an interface, assign IP Address to interface and enable or disable interface on demand. With this command you can view IP Address and Hardware / MAC address assign to interface and also MTU (Maximum transmission unit) size.

ifconfig with interface (eth0) command only shows specific interface details like IP Address, MAC Address etc. with -a options will display all available interface details if it is disable also.

9. PING Command

PING (Packet INternet Groper) command is the best way to test connectivity between two nodes. Whether it is Local Area Network (LAN) or Wide Area Network (WAN). Ping use ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol) to communicate to other devices. You can ping host name of ip address using below command.

In Linux ping command keep executing until you interrupt. Ping with -c option exit after N number of request (success or error respond).

10. TRACEROUTE Command

traceroute is a network troubleshooting utility which shows number of hops taken to reach destination also determine packets traveling path.

India going digital, paper clearing at banks falls.

vvpvijay@gmail.com (Vijay Prabhu) — Tue, 3 Oct 2017 18:00:00 +0530

Paper Clearing at banks in India fall.

The Reserve Bank of India data shows the value of paper-clearing transactions fell a fifth from Rs 100 lakh crore in 201213 to Rs 80.9 lakh crore at the end of 2016-17. In the same period, the volume of such transactions fell to 120.6 crore from 131.3 crore.

Between 2016 and 2017, the volume of cheque transactions fell by over 11 crore. Paper clearing transactions, which accounted for 82 per cent value of total retail payments in 2011-12, shrunk to 37 per cent in 2016-17.

"Paper-clearing transactions have gone down because other modes like NEFT, RTGS, IMPS have climbed up significantly ," said Mrityunjay Mahapatra, DMD, State Bank of India BSE -0.69 %.

Paper clearing consists of cheque truncation system, MICR (Magnetic Ink Character Recognition) clearing and nonMICR clearing. The RBI data shows that even before demonetisation, digital transactions had been gradually replacing cheque-based transactions. "We have seen demand for cheque payments going up , especially in the SME sector.

With GST, cash transactions have come down and been replaced by cheques or demand drafts. However, given the fact that digital transactions are growing phenomenally , cheques as a payment method would gradually come down over a period of time," said Virat Diwanji, head branch banking and acquisition, Kotak Mahindra BankBSE -0.42 %.

Provisional payments volume data for August shows more Indians used plastic currency or wire transfers, with a steady rise in digital transactions over the past three months. At 883 million, August led July and June that logged 860 million and 844 million transactions, respectively, central bank data showed.

This is the closest to 893 million transactions in March, a record since demonetisation on November 2016.

Leading the pack was Unified Payments Interface (UPI), which the central bank and the government are pushing to drive retail digital payments. UPI clocked 16.6 million transactions in August against 11.4 million the previous month. The 45 per cent month-on-month increase is the highest so far for UPI since demonetisation.

Besides UPI, the growth has been sustained by card swipes at point of sales terminals for merchant payments.

How to use WiFi direct on a smart phone? What is WiFi Direct?

vvpvijay@gmail.com (Vijay Prabhu) — Mon, 2 Oct 2017 21:00:00 +0530

What is WiFi Direct?

When someone mentions Wi-Fi most people will immediately think of surfing the internet, but there's more to it than just that. Wi-Fi Direct is a certificate of the Wi-Fi Alliance, which includes over 600 members such as Apple, LG, Intel, Microsoft and Dell. A host of devices these days are Wi-Fi Direct compatible - most notably Tablets, Laptops, Digital Cameras. The Samsung Galaxy S (launched in 2010) was one of the first smartphones to include this feature, and as of Android 4.0 Ice Cream Sandwich, all Android smartphones have this feature included natively.

Wi-Fi Direct can be seen as a sort of second generation Wi-Fi, as it allows compatible devices which do not have their own internet connection, to establish a mutual connection with ones that do (Hotspots, modems or routers). Thanks to Wi-Fi Direct, you can build up a wireless network between multiple devices. In addition, you can use Wi-Fi Direct in combination with Miracast to screencast onto another device with a display. The newest generation of Wi-Fi Direct is also NFC compatible.

How to set up Wi-Fi Direct?

Every Android smartphone that uses Android 4.0 and above has Wi-Fi Direct functionality (bar some very rare exceptions). While the systems' user interfaces might vary, setting this functionality up is relatively simple and unified across all devices. Wi-Fi Direct does not natively support file transfers at the moment, so you will need to install a third party app. We recommend "Send Anywhere".

To turn on Wi-Fi Direct, go into Settings -> Connections -> Wi-Fi then tap on the Wi-Fi Direct tab at the top. Your smartphone will start scanning for devices that you can connect to.

Unlike with Bluetooth, there is no button or anything that you need to tap to turn Wi-Fi Direct on. Wi-Fi Direct is enabled the moment you have a stable internet connection. This doesn't mean that Wi-Fi Direct is on all the time. Your smartphone only starts scanning for nearby devices to connect to when you tap on the Wi-Fi Direct tab.

Why would you use Wi-Fi Direct?

As mentioned above, Wi-Fi direct allows devices without their own internet connection to connect to one which does. In the case of Android Smartphones and devices, you can connect them and quickly transfer files without the hassle of cables. So, is Wi-Fi Direct just a glorified version of Bluetooth? Well, yes and no. The advantage of using Wi-Fi Direct over Bluetooth, is that the Wi-Fi range and transfer speeds are significantly higher than those of Bluetooth. So in short - use Wi-Fi Direct if you want a better way to send files from one device to another.

Top 10 Best WiFi hacking tools of 2017

vvpvijay@gmail.com (Vijay Prabhu) — Mon, 2 Oct 2017 20:00:00 +0530

Top 10 Best WiFi hacking tools of 2017

Sometimes when you are on a network, you also want to check what is happening on the network. This happens mostly in big organizations, when an employer wants to check who is doing what in the network. For these things, there are a few network hacking tools available that let users analyze packets and see what other users are doing.

In this article, I am going to discuss wireless security and best wi-fi password cracking or recovery tools. I will explain the kind of encryption wireless networks use and how these tools can crack the networks to get access. We will also see what tools let users monitor networks. Here is a list of top 10 WiFi hacking tools.

1. Aircrack-ng

Aircrack-ng is one of the most popular wireless passwords cracking tools which you can use for 802.11a/b/g WEP and WPA cracking. Aircrack uses the best algorithms to recover wireless passwords by capturing packets. Once enough packets have been gathered, it tries to recover the password. To make the attack faster, it implements a standard FMS attack with some optimizations. The company behind the tool also offers an online tutorial where you can learn how to install and use this tool to crack wireless passwords. It comes as Linux distribution, Live CD and VMware image options. You can use any of these. It supports most of the wireless adapters and is almost guaranteed to work. If you are using a Linux distribution, the only drawback of the tool is that it requires deeper knowledge of Linux. If you are not comfortable with Linux, you will find it hard to use this tool. In this case, try Live CD or VMWare image. VMWare Image needs less knowledge, but it only works with a limited set of host OS, and only USB devices are supported. Before you start using this tool, confirm that the wireless card can inject packets. Then start WEP cracking. Read the online tutorial on the website to know more about the tool. If you will follow steps properly, you will end up getting success with this tool.

2. AirSnort

AirSnort is another popular tool for decrypting WEP encryption on a wi-fi 802.11b network. It is a free tool and comes with Linux and Windows platforms. This tool is no longer maintained, but it is still available to download from Sourceforge. AirSnort works by passively monitoring transmissions and computing encryption keys once it has enough packets received. This tool is simple to use. If you are interested, you can try this tool to crack WEP passwords.

3. Cain & Able

Cain & Able is a popular password cracking tool. This tool is developed to intercept network traffic and then discover passwords by bruteforcing the password using cryptanalysis attack methods. It can also recover wireless network keys by analyzing routing protocols. It you are trying to learn wireless security and password cracking, you should once try this tool.

4. Kismet

Kismet is the wi-fi 802.11 a/b/g/n layer2 wireless network sniffer and IDS. It works with any wi-fi card which supports rfmon mode. It passively collects packets to identify networks and detect hidden networks. It is built on client/server modular architecture. It is available for Linux, OSX, Windows and BSD platforms.

5. NetStumbler

NetStumbler is a popular Windows tool to find open wireless access points. This tool is free and is available for Windows. A trimmed down version of the tool is also available. It is called MiniStumbler. Basically NetStumblet is used for wardriving, verifying network configurations, finding locations with a poor network, detecting unauthorized access points, and more. But the tool also has a big disadvantage. It can be easily detected by most of the wireless intrusion detection systems available. This is because it actively probes a network to collect useful information. Another disadvantage of the tool is that it does not work properly with the latest 64 bit Windows OS. This is because the tool was last updated back in April 2004. It has been around 11 years since the last stable release of the tool.

6. inSSIDer

inSSIDer is a popular Wi-Fi scanner for Microsoft Windows and OS X operating systems. Initially the tool was opensource. Later it became premium and now costs $19.99. It was also awarded as “Best Opensource Software in Networking”. The inSSIDer wi-fi scanner can do various tasks, including finding open wi-fi access points, tracking signal strength, and saving logs with GPS records.

7. WireShark

WireShark is the network protocol analyzer. It lets you check what is happening in your network. You can live capture packets and analyze them. It captures packets and lets you check data at the micro-level. It runs on Windows, Linux, OS X, Solaries, FreeBSD and others. WireShark requires good knowledge of network protocols to analyze the data obtained with the tool. If you do not have good knowledge of that, you may not find this tool interesting. So, try only if you are sure about your protocol knowledge.

8. CoWPAtty

CoWPAtty is an automated dictionary attack tool for WPA-PSK. It runs on Linux OS. This program has a command line interface and runs on a word-list that contains the password to use in the attack. Using the tool is really simple, but it is slow. That’s because the hash uses SHA1 with a seed of SSID. It means the same password will have a different SSIM. So, you cannot simply use the rainbow table against all access points. So, the tool uses the password dictionary and generates the hack for each word contained in the dictionary by using the SSID. The new version of the tool tried to improve the speed by using a pre-computed hash file. This pre-computed file contains around 172000 dictionary file for around 1000 most popular SSIs. But if your SSID is not in those 1000, you are unlucky.

9. Airjack

Airjack is a Wi-Fi 802.11 packet injection tool. This wireless cracking tool is very useful in injecting forged packets and making a network down by denial of service attack. This tool can also be used for a man in the middle attack in the network.

10. WepAttack

WepAttack is an open source Linux tool for breaking 802.11 WEP keys. This tool performs an active dictionary attack by testing millions of words to find the working key. Only a working WLAN card is required to work with WepAttack.

Best Budget Smartphones under 10000 in India

vvpvijay@gmail.com (Vijay Prabhu) — Mon, 2 Oct 2017 19:00:00 +0530

Here is a list of best smartphone in market under 10000 in India

As we are Living in 21st Century, a middle class man will always try to save money as much as he can,buying a smartphone becomes a tight budget for them,so in this article I will present list of best smartphone available in market under 10000 so it becomes easier to control budget of a middle class family

Best smartphones under 10000 :

1. Xiaomi Redmi Note 4

The 2GB, 32GB version of the Xiaomi Redmi Note 4 priced at Rs. 9,999 in and currently is the best budget smartphone under Rs. 10,000 in India. In terms of performance, the Snapdragon 625 powered phone performs better than almost all devices around the same price. It has one of the most reliable battery life we have seen on a sub-10k smartphone. Xiaomi has also improved the camera in the new phone, making it an even better proposition. Overall, It offers the best performance and battery life of all smartphones below Rs. 10,000 that are currently available in India. However, limited stocks are still a big hurdle to pass through.

2. Xiaomi Redmi 4

The Xiaomi Redmi 4 takes up the mantle from the Redmi 3S Prime. The phone is now available with a fingerprint scanner across all its variants. Available in both 2GB, 16GB and 3GB, 32GB variants under Rs. 10,000 makes it one of the best budget options. You can also opt for the 4GB, 64GB variant of the phone, but you might have to extend your budget for that. Moreover, the phone has the best camera in the sub-10K segment.

3. Micromax Canvas Infinity

If you are looking for the best looking phone under 10000, then you should get the Canvas Infinity from Micromax. Micromax has managed to offer an LG Q6 like display in an more affordable form factor and offering better overall performance. In the addition both the front and rear cameras on the phone are one of the best we have seen in the category.

4. Yu Yureka Black

The Yu Yureka is another good option in the sub-10K smartphone category, offering pretty much the same performance as the Xiaomi Redmi 4, but in a newer, more good looking design. The Phone is available in two kinds of black colours and looks quite premium in both of them. It features 4GB of RAM and 32GB storage, setting a new benchmark in its price segment. The battery life is also decent, but the camera quality is quite inconsistent.

5. Lenovo K6 Power

The Lenovo K6 Power is another good option in the sub-10 budget. This K-series phone from Lenovo challenges the famed Xiaomi Redmi 3S prime. In fact, the K6 Power turned out to be as good a phone as the Redmi 3S prime in terms of performance. In addition, the 5-inch phone packs a 1080p display, and the 13MP rear camera on the phone is also better than that of the Redmi 3S prime. Moreover, if you want to buy a smartphone under 10000 and don’t want to wait for a flash sale, this might be your best option.

6. Moto E4 Plus

When you are considering smartphones under 10000, other phones worth checking out is the Moto E4 Plus. Aimed squarely at the budget segment to compete with the likes of Xiaomi, the E4 Plus features a large 5000mAh battery and Moto claims it can go for days without charging. It is powered by a MediaTek MT6737 SoC and features 3GB of RAM. There is 32GB of storage on the device and you can add more storage to the device via a microSD card. On the camera front, you have a 13MP shooter at the rear and a 5MP front facing camera

7. Moto G4 Play

If you like a stock like Android UI on your phone, the Moto G4 Play is your best option to buy in a budget. The Snapdragon 410 SoC powered device may not be as powerful as the Redmi 3S, but it will not disappoint if your day to day usage does not include gaming. Further, it has decent battery life and is one of the most ergonomic smartphones available.

8. Coolpad Note 5 Lite

The smaller cousin of the Coolpad Note 5, is one of the best looking phones in the budget segment, but besides that it has a decent display and battery life. That being said, the Coolpad Note 5 Lite is hard to recommend over the Redmi 4 or even the Redmi Note 4 which are available around the same price.

9. Moto G4

The Moto G4 is the last year budget offering from Motorola, which currently is available for around Rs. 10,000. This 5.5-inch smartphone may not be as good a performer as other phones which come above it, but it is still a decent performer. The phone offers a decent build quality and a reliable battery life as well. The rear 13MP camera is also quite good.

Above is a list of the best phones under 10000 in India with companies offering the best specification.

Samsung Galaxy X: Samsung's fold-able phone.

vvpvijay@gmail.com (Vijay Prabhu) — Fri, 29 Sep 2017 20:15:00 +0530

Samsung's new Fold-able Phone.

Samsung's mobile boss has said the company is aiming to launch a bendable phone in 2018, assuming it can overcome some problems. Additionally, we've heard that its model number might have popped up in a Korean filing. We could be just a bit closer to release after all.

Foldable phones are coming – it’s only a matter of time – and it's looking increasingly like Samsung could be the first company to commercially launch one, possibly as soon as this year.

We may even know what it’s called, with the mysterious Samsung Galaxy X being the subject of several bendable leaks, foldable patents and flexible rumors.

But whether X marks the spot or not, we’re clearly entering a foldable future. To see how we got here and where we’re going, here’s the story of Samsung’s foldable phone so far.

The idea of a foldable phone isn’t new to Samsung, in fact way back in 2011 the company showed off a prototype of exactly that.

The device looked chunky and awkward, but even back then it somewhat worked, remaining intact after 100,000 folds, with only a 6% drop in brightness at the center, where all the folding action happened.

This clearly wasn’t a commercial product, but later that year Samsung launched a concept video of a fully bendable (and transparent) mobile device, that could fold out from a phone-sized screen to a tablet-sized one, showing Samsung's ambitions for the technology.

While a device like the one in the video above is likely still years away even now, by 2012 Samsung was already hard at work trying to launch the first generation of flexible or foldable phones, but a report late in the year claimed that problems with the production of flexible screens would hold the first bendy display back until at least 2013.

That didn’t stop Samsung showing off another video of a foldable future though, highlighting all sorts of transparent screens, made from plastic that’s thin, light and flexible enough to fully fold or roll.

And as 2012 came to a close it seemed Samsung might be overcoming its production problems, with another report claiming that its flexible plastic screens were in the final stage of development, with the first phones sporting them likely to land in mid-2013.

Samsung’s bendy plastic screens got a more real-world debut at CES 2013, along with a name – they were now called ‘Youm’, though it was clear from the flexible prototype on show that Samsung was still far from putting a Youm display on a commercial device.

That was made even more clear when the tech was reportedly hit with new manufacturing issues in April 2013. Supposedly the previous problems had been solved, but now Samsung was apparently struggling with the encapsulation technology, which protects the screen from moisture and air damage.

In May 2016 Project Valley got a new name – the Samsung Galaxy X, which was believed to be the name it would release under.

According to reports at the time it would be ready for release in 2017 and would have a foldable 4K display, so that the resolution would remain high even when the phone was folded.

We were sceptical about that launch date at the time, and still are, as it sounds seriously futuristic compared to the phones we’re using currently.

But that’s not quite the full story so far. At SID 2016 Samsung showed off a roll-out display – but one which didn’t have a touchscreen layer, which would be pretty vital for a smartphone.

Then in June “people familiar with the matter” reported that we might see two foldable phones from Samsung in 2017 - backing up those previous Galaxy X reports.

Supposedly one would fold out from a 5-inch handset to an 8-inch tablet, much like the concept video Samsung showed back at the beginning of our story, while the other would fold in half like a cosmetic compact, along the lines of a folding phone patent we’d already seen.

We still weren’t convinced, but Samsung was clearly on the right track, with another patent looking to solve one of the biggest problems with folding phones – the ability to fold without damaging any internal components.

The patent described an “artificial muscle”, which would move in time with the screen bending to protect other components.

Our most recent look at what might be the Samsung Galaxy X came from a patent spotted by GalaxyClub, highlighting a long device, with a shape more like a remote control than a smartphone, but one which could fold down to half the size.

The shape doesn’t seem particularly practical, so we doubt this is the form the Galaxy X will take, but it’s vaguely along the lines of the phone-to-tablet convertible we’ve been hearing about.

And talk of a 2017 launch hasn't died. In late 2016 we heard rumors that a foldable Samsung phone would launch early the following year, followed by another later in the year. One of these was said to have two displays with a hinge in the middle, while the other will apparently have a single flexible screen.

More recently we've heard again that the Galaxy X will arrive in 2017, but not until the second half of the year.

According to some sources, more than 100,000 units are going to roll out in the third quarter of the year - though plans for a 2017 launch could apparently be changed.

Top 10 Ways to speed up your Home WiFi.

vvpvijay@gmail.com (Vijay Prabhu) — Fri, 29 Sep 2017 19:02:00 +0530

Top 10 Tricks/Tips/Ways to speed up your Home WiFi.

Having WiFi at your place is now becoming common as well the need of Speed of your WiFi for downloading large files. Everyone want their WiFi Speed at the limit of the sky as we have low speed on our WiFi we get bit Frustrated. So if you’re plagued by slow speeds, bad reception, and other WiFi issues, here are 10 ways you can power up the WiFi in your home.

1. Use the Latest Wi-Fi Technologies

One of the best ways to make sure your network is as fast and reliable as possible is to use up-to-date hardware. We’ve gone through the basics of router hardware before, so check out the first lesson of our networking Night School for the full lowdown. The main thing you need to know: Wireless A, B, G, and N are older wireless standards, with wireless AC being the most current offering.

If you’re streaming more and more HD video to devices like Chromecasts or smartphones, having a wireless AC connection will alleviate video stuttering or buffering thanks to its ability to move more data at a faster rate than the older N standard. Its successor, AX, isn’t due out until 2019, so you won’t have to worry about updating your wireless tech for a while if you’re already caught up. Note that you’ll need both a wireless AC router and a device, networking card, or USB dongle with wireless AC support in your computer if you want the full speed boost. With more smart devices like light bulbs and switches scattered throughout the house, a strong WiFi signal that can propagate throughout your home is essential. But if you’ve only got one crappy router, and don’t feel like learning how to convert your second one into a repeater, consider purchasing a wireless mesh network system.

Companies like Luma, Eero, and even Google have released mesh network routers, smaller routers you place throughout your home to blanket it in WiFi. They usually operate with one functioning as the base station while the others are plugged in at various points throughout the home. They all feature an easy setup process through a smartphone application that let you monitor nearly everything going on inside your network, including sites visited and devices connected to your setup.

2. Find the Right Wireless Channel.

If you have neighbors, their routers may be interfering with yours and causing the signal to degrade. Wireless routers can operate on a number of different channels, and you want yours on a channel with as little interference as possible. Use a tool like Network Analyzer Lite or WiFi Analyzer to find the perfect channel in your house.

3. Get Rid of Interference from Other Appliances.

Other routers aren’t the only thing that can cause interference. Cordless phones, microwaves, and other appliances can muck with your signal as well. Buying a dual band router can help with this, but you can also buy cordless phones on other bands too. If you don’t want to buy new hardware, you can always try moving your router further away from interfering appliances, too.

4. Find the Perfect Spot for Your Router.

Routers may be ugly, but that doesn’t mean you should hide them behind the TV cabinet. If you want the best signal, you’ll need it out in the open, free of any walls and obstructions. If your router’s optimal location is a space without a table or flat surface, check to see if you can wall mount it either using its pre-installed mounting holes or a third-party mounting bracket. Point the antennas perpendicularly, and elevate the router if you can (one reader found that his attic was the perfect spot). Lastly, make sure it’s in the center of your house, so you have the best coverage possible throughout your home.

Routers are often confined to particular locations based on where your Internet connection enters your home and connects to your modem. You can alleviate the issue with some longer Ethernet cables and a few cable clips to hold your cable against the wall and out of the way.

5. Thwart Wi-Fi Thieves with Better Security

There’s more than one way to protect your WiFi connection from prying neighbors or malicious attackers. A combination of simple trickery and the proper password protection will keep most of the rabble out.

Cloaking is an effective measure to keep your data-mooching neighbor off your internet connection (though more tech-savvy users can use free network scanners to find it with relative ease).

If they can’t see your WiFi network, they probably can’t connect to it. You can keep prying eyes away from your router by hiding its SSID (the name of the WiFi network) and forcing everyone who wants in to type it manually. You can toggle the SSID broadcast option in the firmware settings of your router. While your SSID is hidden, it won’t show up if you’re setting up new devices or scanning for a connection on your smartphone; you’ll have to enter it yourself.

In terms of password protection, your router’s default administrator username and password should be changed immediately, and stored wherever you keep the rest of your passwords. In addition, you should enable WPA2 password protection on your WiFi network. It’s encrypted, making it more secure than the older WPA or WEP security protocols.

6. Set Your Router to Reboot on a Schedule.

If you’re one of the many folks that has to reboot their router every so often so it doesn’t drop out, there is a solution. You can run a few tests to make sure the problem isn’t caused by heat, old firmware, or excess downloading, but an easy way to solve the problem is just automatically reboot it once a day or so. You can do this with DD-WRT or just a regular old outlet timer. When you’re done, you shouldn’t have to reboot your router so often (which is great if your router’s all the way up in the attic).

7. Turn an Old Router Into a Wi-Fi Repeater.

If that still doesn’t help, you’ll need to get a range extender for your home. They aren’t super expensive, but if you don’t want to pay for another piece of hardware, you can actually turn an old wireless router into an extender with the aforementioned DD-WRT firmware. Note that you may not be able to get as fast of a connection through your extender, but if you just can’t seem to get WiFi on the edge of your house, this’ll get the job done on the cheap.

You could also connect one router to another via Ethernet cable and create another access point in your home.

8. Boost Your Router’s Signal with a Bit of Hacking.

Another great way to extend your range is to hack your router and install the DD-WRT firmware. Not only will it give you a ton of great security features and other enhancements, but it gives you the option to boost your transmitting power. This can be dangerous for your router, but most routers can handle an increase up to 70 mW without causing any issues, and you’ll be able to access your network from much further away!

9. Increase Your Wi-Fi Range with DIY Tricks

If your router still won’t reach far enough, you can extend its range with simple DIY tricks. Our favorite is the Windsurfer tin foil hack, though you can also use an old beer can or a cooking strainer to extend your router’s range. The results won’t necessarily be mind blowing, but you should be able to eke a bit more distance out of your WiFi network with minimal effort.

You can spend a little money to boost your network range without breaking the bank. Nearly all routers and PC network cards, usually those with adjustable antennae, use twist-off antennae with RP-SMA connectors. You can buy RP-SMA antenna extension cables, or even a directional antenna to boost your WiFi’s performance.

10. Control Bandwidth-Hogging Applications.

If someone in your house regularly video chats, plays online games, torrents files, or uses services like Netflix, they may be hogging bandwidth and making the internet slower for everyone else. Luckily, you can use something called Quality of Service—or QoS for short—to reign in those bandwidth hogs. With QoS, you can prioritize certain applications (say, video chat) over others (like video games) so the most important applications get the bandwidth they deserve. For more info, check out our full guide to setting up QoS on your router.

Trying Out these tips/tricks/ways you will find your WiFi speed will be Increased with a better download and upload rate. If these tricks didn't make a difference in your WiFi speed try restarting it.

However, not even Google seems to really know when it was formed. Since 2006, Google has celebrated its birthday on September 27, but the year before that, had it as September 26. In 2004, its 6th birthday Doodle went online on September 7 and in the year before that, it was September 8.In fact, none of these dates seem to have any particular relevance.

Google's headquarters, the Googleplex, in August 2014

The company's own history lists its incorporation date in 1998 - the nearest thing to a corporate birthday - as September 4. And the idea for Google began years earlier in 1996, as a research project at Stanford University, when Page and Brin had a new idea for a search engine that would rank pages by how many other sites linked to it, rather than the crude format others used at the time - ranking them by how often the search term appeared on the page.

Google alluded to confusion over its birthday in 2013, admitting it had celebrated its birthday on four different dates, but September 27 now seems to have stuck. The company may have just chosen the date because it was what the first birthday Doodle in 2002 used.

In year 2016, the company split under a new corporate umbrella, Alphabet, which hived off more outlandish divisions of the company such as its driver-less cars unit and robotics subsidiary Boston Dynamics. The change saw its founders move away from Google’s day-to-day running.

18 years after it was founded at Stanford University, Google is one of the world's most powerful companies. It is second only to Apple in value, with a market capitalization of $541 billion (£417 billion).

Larry Page and Sergey Brin are ranked 12th and 13th on Forbes' list of the richest people in the world, with net worth of $35.2 billion and $34.4 billion respectively.

Proceed here to see googles Google's 19th Birthday doodle

So there you have it! Happy birthday, Google!

Microsoft is Building New Programming Language for Quantum Computers

vvpvijay@gmail.com (Vijay Prabhu) — Tue, 26 Sep 2017 21:30:00 +0530

Microsoft gets ready for quantum computing with its new programming language

Microsoft is working to build a Sturdy ecosystem for quantum computing for quite some time now. In Microsoft's recent Ignite 2017 tech conference in Orlando, Florida, Microsoft chief executive Satya Nadella said the company will be releasing a new programming language for quantum computers, along with full Visual Studio integration and a quantum computing simulator, later this year.

“Through quantum computing, we can unlock solutions to problems in areas such as artificial intelligence, clean energy, global warming, materials design and much more. At Microsoft, we’re on the cusp of empowering a quantum revolution with our unique, topological approach,” Mr Nadella said.

“At Microsoft we are taking a ‘full stack approach’, including programming and controlling the quantum computer at scale. And we want to empower developers and engineers around the world to develop these types of solutions.

“What’s more, Microsoft has created an entirely new domain specific programming language optimized precisely for exploiting scalable quantum computers, a language that’s deeply integrated into Visual Studio.”

In order to explain the difference between quantum computers and the current state of the art, Nadella used the corn maze. If a classical computer were to try to figure out the maze, Nadella explained, it would start down a path, hit a wall, back track, start again, hit a wall, and back track again until it finished all its options. No doubt, the answer would be found but it could take a lot of time.

“A quantum computer that enables you to encode information—not just a one or a zero but a one and a zero together unlocks massive parallelism,” he said. “It could take every path in the maze simultaneously. That’s the power of quantum.”

While Microsoft has yet to announce what its new programming language will be called, the company says you won’t need to be a quantum computing expert to use it since the language will be deeply integrated into Visual Studio. While this programming language for quantum computers should work much like other supported programming languages, it will also help developers to take concepts from C#, F#, Python and other languages. In the short term, code from the language will run in a quantum simulator. However, in the future, programs built with the programming language will be able to run on actual topological quantum computers.

“The system, which will be available as a free preview by the end of the year, also includes libraries and tutorials so developers can familiarize themselves with quantum computing. It’s designed to work at a higher level of abstraction, so that developers without quantum expertise can actually call quantum subroutines, or write sequences of programming instructions, working up to writing a complete quantum program,” said Microsoft.

Microsoft is also going to release two versions of a quantum simulator. While one version will run locally, the other version will be powered by Azure. The local version of the stimulator will offer up to 32 qubits and will require 32GB of RAM. Each additional qubit doubles the amount of memory required. The Azure version will scale up to 40 qubits.

Whatsapp Blocked!!!! By Chinese Authorities after several hints by Security experts.

vvpvijay@gmail.com (Vijay Prabhu) — Tue, 26 Sep 2017 20:30:00 +0530

WhatsApp blocked in China by authorities, after several hints over the past few months.

Security experts have confirmed that China has blocked popular messaging platform WhatsApp in its region. Users of WhatsApp in China have faced interruptions over the past few months as users were barred from sending or receiving images and videos, but the current ban has been confirmed to apply to text messages as well

Nadim Kobeissi, an applied cryptographer at Symbolic Software confirmed to The New York Times in a report that the service was affected in the country and it included text messages as well. “This is not the typical technical method in which the Chinese government censors something,” Kobeissi said.

The cryptographer who works at a research start-up based out of Paris also added that the ban on text messages on WhatsApp could mean that China's censors have developed a specific software to interfere with these messages. According to Kobeissi, disruptions in the messaging service had begun on 20 September and was 'comprehensively' blocked on Monday, 25 September.

The country has had a history of blocking social media websites with the likes of Wikipedia, Twitter, Facebook, Instagram and a number of Google's services. The New York Times report states that video chats and other modes of file-sharing on WhatsApp were being blocked in mid-July but text messages were allowed to be sent.

The report pointed out that despite the ban, a number of services provided by American tech companies like Microsoft's Skype continue to run, though Skype does not provide end-to-end encryption. Apple's FaceTime is also allowed which despite having end-to-end encryption, does not let secret codes to be exchanged between users which WhatsApp uses to remove the occurrence of what is termed as a 'man-in-the-middle' attack.

The Verge, in an another report cites that the Facebook-owned messaging service's use of end-to-end encryption to secure chats could be the reason behind the ban, while it also coincides with the 19th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party. Existing chat services in China like WeChat are pledged to provide the Chinese government user personal data which could be a reason that allowed WhatsApp to be picked on. WeChat with 963 million active users, however, would look to thrive on the ban as WhatsApp was one of its few remaining competitors in the Chinese market.

6 Stages of Linux Boot Process .

vvpvijay@gmail.com (Vijay Prabhu) — Mon, 25 Sep 2017 21:02:00 +0530

6 Stages of Linux Boot Process (Start up Sequence)

Linux is a Unix-like computer operating system assembled under the model of free and open-source software development and distribution. The defining component of Linux is the Linux kernel,[12] an operating system kernel first released on September 17, 1991 by Linus Torvalds.[13][14][15] The Free Software Foundation uses the name GNU/Linux to describe the operating system, which has led to some controversy.

Following are the 6 high level stages of a typical Linux boot process.

1. BIOS

BIOS stands for Basic Input/Output System

Performs some system integrity checks

Searches, loads, and executes the boot loader program.

It looks for boot loader in floppy, cd-rom, or hard drive. You can press a key (typically F12 of F2, but it depends on your system) during the BIOS startup to change the boot sequence.

Once the boot loader program is detected and loaded into the memory, BIOS gives the control to it.

So, in simple terms BIOS loads and executes the MBR boot loader.

2. MBR

MBR stands for Master Boot Record.

It is located in the 1st sector of the bootable disk. Typically /dev/hda, or /dev/sda

MBR is less than 512 bytes in size. This has three components

1) primary boot loader info in 1st 446 bytes

2) partition table info in next 64 bytes

3) mbr validation check in last 2 bytes.

It contains information about GRUB (or LILO in old systems).

So, in simple terms MBR loads and executes the GRUB boot loader.

3. GRUB

GRUB stands for Grand Unified Bootloader.

If you have multiple kernel images installed on your system, you can choose which one to be executed.

GRUB displays a splash screen, waits for few seconds, if you don’t enter anything, it loads the default kernel image as specified in the grub configuration file.

GRUB has the knowledge of the filesystem (the older Linux loader LILO didn’t understand filesystem).

Grub configuration file is /boot/grub/grub.conf

o, in simple terms GRUB just loads and executes Kernel and initrd images.

4. Kernel

Mounts the root file system as specified in the “root=” in grub.conf

Kernel executes the /sbin/init program

Since init was the 1st program to be executed by Linux Kernel, it has the process id (PID) of 1. Do a ‘ps -ef | grep init’ and check the pid.

initrd stands for Initial RAM Disk.

initrd is used by kernel as temporary root file system until kernel is booted and the real root file system is mounted. It also contains necessary drivers compiled inside, which helps it to access the hard drive partitions, and other hardware.

5. Init

Looks at the /etc/inittab file to decide the Linux run level.

Following are the available run levels

0 – halt

1 – Single user mode

2 – Multiuser, without NFS

3 – Full multiuser mode

4 – unused

5 – X11

6 – reboot

Init identifies the default initlevel from /etc/inittab and uses that to load all appropriate program.

Execute ‘grep initdefault /etc/inittab’ on your system to identify the default run level

If you want to get into trouble, you can set the default run level to 0 or 6. Since you know what 0 and 6 means, probably you might not do that.

Typically you would set the default run level to either 3 or 5.

6. Runlevel programs

When the Linux system is booting up, you might see various services getting started. For example, it might say “starting sendmail …. OK”. Those are the runlevel programs, executed from the run level directory as defined by your run level.

Depending on your default init level setting, the system will execute the programs from one of the following directories.

Run level 0 – /etc/rc.d/rc0.d/

Run level 1 – /etc/rc.d/rc1.d/

Run level 2 – /etc/rc.d/rc2.d/

Run level 3 – /etc/rc.d/rc3.d/

Run level 4 – /etc/rc.d/rc4.d/

Run level 5 – /etc/rc.d/rc5.d/

Run level 6 – /etc/rc.d/rc6.d/

Please note that there are also symbolic links available for these directory under /etc directly. So, /etc/rc0.d is linked to /etc/rc.d/rc0.d.

Under the /etc/rc.d/rc*.d/ directories, you would see programs that start with S and K.

Programs starts with S are used during startup. S for startup.

Programs starts with K are used during shutdown. K for kill.

There are numbers right next to S and K in the program names. Those are the sequence number in which the programs should be started or killed.

For example, S12syslog is to start the syslog deamon, which has the sequence number of 12. S80sendmail is to start the sendmail daemon, which has the sequence number of 80. So, syslog program will be started before sendmail.

There you have it. That is what happens during the Linux boot process.

How hackers hack systems without installing software?

vvpvijay@gmail.com (Vijay Prabhu) — Mon, 25 Sep 2017 20:00:00 +0530

What is a file-less attack?

A non-malware attack is one in which an attacker uses existing software, allowed applications and authorized protocols to carry out malicious activities. Non-malware attacks are capable of gaining control of computers without downloading any malicious files, hence the name. Non-malware attacks are also referred to as fileless, memory-based or “living-off-the-land” attacks.

With non-malware attacks, an attacker is able to infiltrate, take control and carry out objectives by taking advantage of vulnerable software that a typical end user would leverage on a day-to-day basis (think web browsers or Office-suite applications). Attackers will also use the successful exploit to gain access to native operating system tools (think PowerShell or Windows Management Instrumentation – WMI) or other applications that grant the attacker a level of execution freedom.

These native tools grant users exceptional rights and privileges to carry out the most basic commands across a network that lead to valuable data.

How file-less attacks work?

Fileless malware leverages the applications already installed on a user's computer, applications that are known to be safe. For example, exploit kits can target browser vulnerabilities to make the browser run malicious code, or take advantage of Microsoft Word macros, or use Microsoft's Powershell utility.

"Software vulnerabilities in the software already installed are necessary to carry out a fileless attack, so the most important step in prevention is patch and update not only the operating system, but software applications," says Jon Heimerl, manager of the threat intelligence communications team at NTT Security. "Browser plugins are the most overlooked applications in the patch management process and the most targeted in fileless infections."

Attacks using Microsoft Office macros can be thwarted by turning off the macro functionality.

ENDGAME AMPLIFIES SOC SKILLS TO STOP FILELESS ATTACKS AT ENTERPRISE SCALE

Endgame employs a layered protection to prevent fileless attacks. Combining both pre-attack and ongoing attack protections at the kernel and user level of the operating system, Endgame ensures complete protection against fileless attacks regardless of when in the attack lifecycle the agent is deployed on an endpoint.

Pre-attack prevention: Endgame's patent-pending technology prevents fileless attack techniques like shell code injection and DLL injection. Kernel-level analysis, performed on every executing thread, stops fileless attacks before an adversary can gain a foothold in memory. Once a fileless attack is blocked, the analyst gets an alert providing complete visibility of the origin and the full extent of the attack.

Ongoing attack prevention: To find adversaries resident in memory, Endgame automates in-memory analysis and identifies techniques such as memory modification, memory injection, hidden modules, and packed and encrypted areas in memory across unlimited endpoints in minutes with no end-user impact. Unlike other EDR tools, Endgame allows the SOC to proactively root out advanced attackers before any data theft and loss. With a few clicks of a button, Endgame empowers tier 1 SOC analysts to be a force-multiplier and stop fileless attacks at scale across the enterprise.

Ultimate C++ Programming Language Cheat Sheet

vvpvijay@gmail.com (Vijay Prabhu) — Sun, 24 Sep 2017 19:18:00 +0530

C++ Programming Language Cheat Sheet

What is C++?

C++ is a general-purpose programming language. It has imperative, object-oriented and generic programming features, while also providing facilities for low-level memory manipulation. It was designed with a bias toward system programming and embedded, resource-constrained and large systems, with performance, efficiency and flexibility of use as its design highlights.

Data Types

Set of values together with a set of operations called data type.C++ data types classified into three categories:

1.Simple data type
2.Structured data type
3.Pointers

Integral Data Types

char
short
int
long
bool
unsigned char
unsigned short
unsigned int
unsigned long

Floating-Point Data Types :

float
double
long double

Standard Library

The C++ Standard Library can be categorized into two parts:

The Standard Function Library: This library consists of general-purpose, stand-alone functions that are not part of any class. The function library is inherited from C.
The Object-Oriented Class Library: This is a collection of classes and associated functions.

Variable Types

Type	Description
bool	Stores either value true or false.
char	Typically a single octet(one byte). This is an integer type.
int	The most natural size of the integer for the machine.
float	A single-precision floating point value.
double	A double-precision floating point value.
void	Represents the absence of type.

Operators in C++

Arithmetic Operators
Relational Operators
Logical Operators
Bitwise Operators
Assignment Operators
Misc Operators

1.Arithmetic Operators.

Operator	Description	Example
+	Adds two operands	X + Y = 20
–	Subtracts second operand from the first	X – Y = 8
*	Multiplies both operands	X * Y = 84
/	Divides numerator by de-numerator	X / Y = 2
%	Modulus Operator and remainder of after an integer division	Y % X= 0
++	Increment operator, increases integer value by one	X++ = 15
—	Decrement operator, decreases integer value by one	X– = 13

II.Relational Operators

Operator	Description	Example
==	Checks if the values of two operands are equal or not. If yes, then the condition becomes true.	(X == Y) is not true.
!=	Checks if the values of two operands are equal or not. If the values are not equal, then the condition becomes true.	(X != Y) is true.
>	Checks if the value of left operand is greater than the value of the right operand. If yes, then the condition becomes true.	(X > Y) is not true.
<	Checks if the value of left operand is less than the value of the right operand. If yes, then the condition becomes true.	(X < Y) is true.
>=	Checks if the value of left operand is greater than or equal to the value of the right operand. If yes, then the condition becomes true.	(X >= Y) is not true.
<=	Checks if the value of left operand is less than or equal to the value of the right operand. If yes, then the condition becomes true.	(X <= Y) is true

III.Logical Operators

Operator	Description	Example
&&	Called Logical AND operator. If both the operands are non-zero, then the condition becomes true.	(X && Y) is false.
\|\|	Called Logical OR Operator. If any of the two operands is non-zero, then the condition becomes true.	(X \|\| Y) is true.
!	Called Logical NOT Operator. It is used to reverse the logical state of its operand. If a condition is true, then Logical NOT operator will make it false.	!(X && Y) is true.

IV. Bit-wise Operators

Operator	Description	Example
&	Binary AND Operator copy a bit to the result if it exists in both operands.	(X &Y) = 12
\|	Binary OR Operator copies a bit if it exists in either operand.	(X \| Y) = 61
^	Binary XOR Operator copies the bit if it is set in one operand but not both.	(X ^ Y) = 49
~	Binary One's Complement Operator is unary and has the effect of ‘flipping’ bits.	(~X ) = -211,
<<	Binary Left Shift Operator. The left operands value is moved left by the number of bits specified by the right operand.	X << 2 = 200
>>	Binary Right Shift Operator. The left operands value is moved right by the number of bits specified by the right operand.	X >> 2 = 19

V.Assignment Operators

Operator	Description	Example
=	Simple assignment operator. Assigns values from right side operands to left side operand	Z = X + Y will assign the value of X + Y to Z
+=	Add AND assignment operator. It adds the right operand to the left operand and assigns the result to the left operand.	Z += X is equivalent to Z = Z + X
-=	Subtract AND assignment operator. It subtracts the right operand from the left operand and assigns the result to the left operand.	Z -= X is equivalent to Z = Z – X
*=	Multiply AND assignment operator. It multiplies the right operand with the left operand and assigns the result to the left operand.	Z = X is equivalent to Z = Z X
/=	Divide AND assignment operator. It divides the left operand with the right operand and assigns the result to the left operand.	Z /= X is equivalent to Z = Z/ X
%=	Modulus AND assignment operator. It takes modulus using two operands and assigns the result to the left operand.	Z %= X is equivalent to Z = Z % X
<<=	Left shift AND assignment operator.	Z <<= 2 is same as Z = Z << 2
>>=	Right shift AND assignment operator.	Z >>= 2 is same as Z = Z >> 2
&=	Bitwise AND assignment operator.	Z &= 2 is same as Z = Z & 2
^=	Bitwise exclusive OR and assignment operator.	Z ^= 2 is same as Z = Z ^ 2
\|=	Bitwise inclusive OR and assignment operator.	Z \|= 2 is same as Z = Z \| 2

VI.Misc Operators

Operator	Description	Example
sizeof()	Returns the size of a variable.	sizeof(x), where a is an integer, will return 4.
&	Returns the address of a variable.	&X; returns the actual address of the variable.
*	Pointer to a variable.	*X;
? :	Conditional Expression.	If Condition is true? then value X: otherwise value Y

Standard I/O Devices

Use iostream to extract (receive) data from keyboard and send output to the screen
IOstream contains definitions of two types:

istream – input stream
ostream – output stream

Basic IOstream variables:

cin – common input
cout – common output

cin and cout

To use cin and cout, the preprocessor directive #include <iostream> must be used

The declaration is similar to the following C++ statements:

istream cin;
ostream cout;

Input stream variables: type istream

Output stream variables: type ostream

FUNCTIONS

What are Functions?

A function is a group of statements that together perform a task. Every C program has at least one function, which is main(), and all the most trivial programs can define additional functions. You can divide up your code into separate functions.

Predefined and User-Defined Functions

1) Predefined standard library functions – These are available to anyone who writes a C++ program. This saves the programmer’s time from writing own functions. They are completely debugged, efficient and always produce a precise output. The important contribution of the system-supplied functions is that they provide clarity to the program because they do not have to be redefined. It reduces the source code, which saves the time of the programmer.

2) User Defined functions – C++ language allows additional functions besides the built-in functions called the user-defined function. It allows programmers to define their own functions. The programmer must code the logic of this type. In order to do so, a declaration is needed.

Enumeration Data Type

An enumeration is a distinct type whose value is restricted to a range of values (see below for details), which may include several explicitly named constants (“enumerators“). The values of the constants are values of an integral type known as the underlying type of the enumeration.

Data types:

C++ simple data types:

integral (char, short, int, long, and bool)
enum
floating (float, double, long double)

C++ structured data types:

array
struct
union
class

Arrays

C++ provides a data structure, the array, which stores a fixed-size sequential collection of elements of the same type. An array is used to store a collection of data, but it is often more useful to think of an array as a collection of variables of the same type.

C++ Arrays in Detail

Concept	Description
Multi-dimensional arrays	C++ supports multidimensional arrays. The simplest form of the multidimensional array is the two-dimensional array.
Pointer to an array	You can generate a pointer to the first element of an array by simply specifying the array name, without any index.
Passing arrays to functions	You can pass to the function a pointer to an array by specifying the array’s name without an index.
Return array from functions	C++ allows a function to return an array.

Structures

The structure is a collection of variables of different data types under a single name. It is similar to a class in that, both hold a collection of data of different data types.

How to define a structure variable?

Once you declare a structure person as above. You can define a structure variable as:

How to define a structure variable?

Once you declare a structure person as above.
Person Jack;
Here, a structure variable Jack is defined which is of type structure person.
When structure variable is defined, only then the required memory is allocated by the compiler.

How to access members of a structure?

The members of structure variable are accessed using a dot (.) operator.
Suppose, you want to access salary of structure variable Jack and assign it 98000 to it.

Jack.age=98000;

Strings

S.N.	Function & Purpose
1	strcpy(s1, s2);Copies string s2 into string s1.
2	strcat(s1, s2);Concatenates string s2 onto the end of string s1.
3	strlen(s1);Returns the length of string s1.
4	strcmp(s1, s2);Returns 0 if s1 and s2 are the same; less than 0 if s1<s2; greater than 0 if s1>s2.
5	strchr(s1, ch);Returns a pointer to the first occurrence of character ch in string s1.
6	strstr(s1, s2);Returns a pointer to the first occurrence of string s2 in string s1.

The String Class in C++

The standard C++ library provides a string class type that supports all the operations mentioned above, additionally much more functionality. We will study this class in C++ Standard Library

Pointers

What Are Pointers?

A pointer is a variable whose value is the address of another variable. Like any variable or constant, you must declare a pointer before you can work with it.

Using Pointers in C++:

There are few important operations, which we will do with the pointers very frequently. (x) we define a pointer variable (y)assign the address of a variable to a pointer and (z) finally access the value at the address available in the pointer variable. This is done by using unary operator * that returns the value of the variable located at the address specified by its operand.

C++ Pointers in Detail

Concept	Description
C++ Null Pointers	C++ supports null pointer, which is a constant with a value of zero defined in several standard libraries.
C++ pointer arithmetic	There are four arithmetic operators that can be used on pointers: ++, –, +, –
C++ pointers vs arrays	There is a close relationship between pointers and arrays. Let us check how?
C++ array of pointers	You can define arrays to hold a number of pointers.
C++ pointer to pointer	C++ allows you to have a pointer to a pointer and so on.
Passing pointers to functions	Passing an argument by reference or by address both enable the passed argument to be changed in the calling function by the called function.
Return pointer from functions	C++ allows a function to return a pointer to local variable, static variable and dynamically allocated memory as well.

I/O Library Header Files

Header File	Function and Description
<iostream>	This file defines the cin, cout, cerr and clog objects, which correspond to the standard input stream, the standard output stream, the un-buffered standard error stream and the buffered standard error stream, respectively.
<iomanip>	This file declares services useful for performing formatted I/O with so-called parameterized stream manipulators, such as setw and setprecision.
<fstream>	This file declares services for user-controlled file processing. We will discuss it in detail in File and Stream related chapter.

Inheritance

Derive quality and characteristics from parents or ancestors. Like you inherit features of your parents.

Types of Inheritance:

Single Inheritance.
Multilevel Inheritance.
Multiple Inheritance.
Hierarchical Inheritance.
Hybrid Inheritance.

Polymorphism

Polymorphism is one of the crucial features of c++ it simply means one name and multiple forms.The function overloading and operator overloading is known as compile time Polymorphism / static Polymorphism.

Data Abstraction

Data abstraction refers to, providing only essential information to the outside world and hiding their background details, i.e., to represent the needed information in program without presenting the details.Data abstraction is a programming (and design) technique that relies on the separation of interface and implementation.

Data Encapsulation

Data encapsulation is a mechanism of bundling the data, and the functions that use them and data abstraction is a mechanism for exposing only the interfaces and hiding the implementation details from the user.C++ supports the properties of encapsulation and data hiding through the creation of user-defined types, called classes. We already have studied that a class can contain private, protected and public members.

NASA will pay you $100,000 if you help astronauts breathe

vvpvijay@gmail.com (Vijay Prabhu) — Sat, 23 Sep 2017 21:00:00 +0530

NASA wants you to help astronauts breathe

It’s not often that the incredibly bright minds at NASA are forced to look for solutions from the general public, but the agency just launched a new competition that does just that. NASA wants to find a new aerosol detection technology that can be used on Earth and in space, and it’s offering the hefty sum of $100,000 to any individual or group that can develop the best one.

Detecting the presence of aerosols — which are tiny airborne particles that we can’t see but regularly breathe in — is vital to the health and well being of long-haul space travelers. Determining the breath-ability and potential danger of any air source is of utmost importance, but current technologies that detect aerosols are too bulky to be considered for long space trips. NASA wants something smaller, but just as effective as today’s top-of-the-line tech.

“NASA has identified particulate monitoring as a gap in its technology road map to enable future long-term missions,” the competition page explains. “Current technology does not provide the level of sensitivity, the longevity, or the ability to operate in a reduced-gravity environment. The added bonus of this technology demonstration competition is the potential benefit to human health on Earth as well as in space.”

NASA has partnered with the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation to help manage the competition, and any participants who believe they have a shot at scoring a deal with NASA must register no later than Wednesday, December 13, 2017. An evaluation panel will score each valid application, after which comes a prototyping phase. Finalists will be selected and then after demonstrating and testing their hardware, the grand prize winner will be announced. That individual or group will cash in to the tun of $100,000.

India to Join China and United States With Its Own Quantum Computer

vvpvijay@gmail.com (Vijay Prabhu) — Sat, 23 Sep 2017 19:30:00 +0530

India to take on China and United States by building its own Quantum Computer

Quantum computer is touted as the next big leap in technology. China has been leading the Quantum computer arena and has already sent a hack-proof quantum computer into space. They even managed to achieve the first ever Star Trek-like teleportation by sending a ‘Photon’ 500 km from space to the Space Center in China. The United States is not far behind but its Quantum computer technology is shrouded in secret under the official secrets act. Indian scientists who have made a name for themselves by sending ‘Mangalyaan’ a Mars orbiter at 1/5th the price of American Mars Orbiter and launching an extraordinary 104 satellites in the space at one go.

Now the Indian scientists have embarked on their next mission – building India’s own Quantum computer. Keen to tap into the next big advance in computing technology, the Department of Science and Technology (DST) is planning to build its own quantum computer.

What is a Quantum Computer?

Unlike the normal computer and laptops that we have at our homes, the quantum computer employs the principles of quantum mechanics to store information in ‘qubits’ instead of the typical ‘bits’ of 1 and 0. While our computers and laptops run on the principle of bits and bytes, the Quantum computers run on ‘Qubits’ These Qubits are theoretically 100 times faster than the conventions bits and bytes and work faster because of the way such circuits are designed, and their promise is that they can do intensive number-crunching tasks much more efficiently than the fastest comparable computers.

How fast is a Quantum Computer?

Quantum computers are considered to the fastest things on Earth. To give you an example, a quantum computer would require 3.5 million fewer steps than a traditional machine to sort and parse a billion numbers. A quantum computer can find the solution in only 31,623 steps compared to the millions of steps a conventional computer would take.

What is the use of a Quantum Computer?

One of the top uses of Quantum computer is of course military. Indian military could have the power to number crunch any problems from field military formations to in-house missile tests and hydrogen yield testing. Quantum computer can also be used to predict the weather correctly. India depends on monsoon and a correct prediction may help its millions of farmers produce a variety of crops according to the monsoon outbreak. A quantum computer can also help ISRO’s space programme besides providing the necessary infrastructure for the Aadhar card backbone. The Indian government hopes to directly credit benefits and subsidies (Universal Basic Income) directly to the account of the beneficiary.

How long will India’s Quantum Computer take to build?

While India has the necessary resources like brain power and funds, quantum computing is a very resource intensive enterprise. The Physics departments at the Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, and the Harish Chandra Research Institute, Allahabad, have forayed into the theoretical aspects of quantum computing, the first step to building India’s own quantum computer.

Experts from across the country are expected to gather this month in Allahabad for a workshop to develop such a computer. Canada’s D-Wave Systems which a pioneer in developing quantum computers and has sold machines to Lockheed Martin and Google will also be a part of this august gathering.

Still, India is at least two years away from actually building its own quantum computer according to experts.