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<body class="home page-template-default page page-id-90 content-sidebar homepage"><div id="wrap"><div id="header"><div class="wrap"><div id="title-area"><p id="title"><a href="https://www.ellerman.org/">DAVID ELLERMAN</a></p></div><div class="widget-area header-widget-area"><div id="nav_menu-2" class="widget widget_nav_menu"><div class="widget-wrap"><div class="menu-main-menu-container"><ul id="menu-main-menu" class="menu genesis-nav-menu js-superfish"><li id="menu-item-130" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-130"><a href="https://www.ellerman.org/category/main-blog/"><span itemprop="name">Main Blog</span></a></li>
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		</div></div><div id="featured-content-2" class="featured-content-featured-democratic-firms featuredpost widget featured-content"><div class="featured-content-featured-democratic-firms featuredpost widget-wrap"><h4 class="widget-title widgettitle">Featured | Democratic Firms</h4>
<div class="post-2144 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-worker-ownership category-main-blog tag-coronavirus-aid tag-employee-ownership entry gs-1 gs-odd gs-even gs-featured-content-entry"><a href="https://www.ellerman.org/covid-19-aid-to-promote-employee-ownership-2/" title="COVID-19 Aid to Promote Employee Ownership" class="alignright"><img width="118" height="150" src="https://www.ellerman.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/cover-intereconomics-2016-118x150.jpg" class="entry-image attachment-post gsfc-alignright" alt="" itemprop="image" srcset="https://www.ellerman.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/cover-intereconomics-2016-118x150.jpg 118w, https://www.ellerman.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/cover-intereconomics-2016.jpg 200w" sizes="(max-width: 118px) 100vw, 118px" /></a><h2><a href="https://www.ellerman.org/covid-19-aid-to-promote-employee-ownership-2/" title="COVID-19 Aid to Promote Employee Ownership">COVID-19 Aid to Promote Employee Ownership</a></h2><p class="byline post-info"><span class="date published time" title="2020-06-04T06:00:49-07:00">June 4, 2020</span>  By <span class="author vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="https://www.ellerman.org/author/admin/" rel="author">admin</a></span></span> </p><p>The premise of this paper is that state aid to distressed companies should beneﬁt not only the current owners but also the employees, who are the ones taking personal risks to continue or restart companies.</p>
</div><div class="post-2127 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-classical-liberalism category-worker-ownership category-inalienable-rights-2 tag-classical-liberalism tag-inalienable-rights tag-intellectual-history tag-workplace-democracy entry gs-2 gs-even gs-featured-content-entry"><a href="https://www.ellerman.org/reclaiming-democratic-classical-liberalism/" title="Reclaiming Democratic Classical Liberalism" class="alignright"><img width="106" height="150" src="https://www.ellerman.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Cover-106x150.jpg" class="entry-image attachment-post gsfc-alignright" alt="" itemprop="image" srcset="https://www.ellerman.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Cover-106x150.jpg 106w, https://www.ellerman.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Cover-213x300.jpg 213w, https://www.ellerman.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Cover-725x1024.jpg 725w, https://www.ellerman.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Cover-768x1084.jpg 768w, https://www.ellerman.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Cover.jpg 904w" sizes="(max-width: 106px) 100vw, 106px" /></a><h2><a href="https://www.ellerman.org/reclaiming-democratic-classical-liberalism/" title="Reclaiming Democratic Classical Liberalism">Reclaiming Democratic Classical Liberalism</a></h2><p class="byline post-info"><span class="date published time" title="2020-03-19T05:56:24-07:00">March 19, 2020</span>  By <span class="author vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="https://www.ellerman.org/author/admin/" rel="author">admin</a></span></span> </p><p>The argument shows that the classical liberal endorsement of sovereign individuals acting in the marketplace generalizes to the joint action of individuals as the principals in their own organizations and associations.</p>
</div></div></div><div id="featured-content-3" class="featured-content-featured-development featuredpost widget featured-content"><div class="featured-content-featured-development featuredpost widget-wrap"><h4 class="widget-title widgettitle">Featured | Development</h4>
<div class="post-2138 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-development category-main-blog entry gs-1 gs-odd gs-even gs-featured-content-entry"><a href="https://www.ellerman.org/comments-on-universal-basic-income/" title="Comments on Universal Basic Income" class="alignright"><img width="150" height="62" src="https://www.ellerman.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Wall-E-2-fat-humans-1024x426-1-150x62.jpg" class="entry-image attachment-post gsfc-alignright" alt="" itemprop="image" srcset="https://www.ellerman.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Wall-E-2-fat-humans-1024x426-1-150x62.jpg 150w, https://www.ellerman.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Wall-E-2-fat-humans-1024x426-1-300x125.jpg 300w, https://www.ellerman.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Wall-E-2-fat-humans-1024x426-1-768x320.jpg 768w, https://www.ellerman.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Wall-E-2-fat-humans-1024x426-1.jpg 1024w" sizes="(max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px" /></a><h2><a href="https://www.ellerman.org/comments-on-universal-basic-income/" title="Comments on Universal Basic Income">Comments on Universal Basic Income</a></h2><p class="byline post-info"><span class="date published time" title="2020-06-01T09:40:56-07:00">June 1, 2020</span>  By <span class="author vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="https://www.ellerman.org/author/admin/" rel="author">admin</a></span></span> </p><p>This is a draft paper called &#8220;UBI: A Bad Idea Whose Time has Come?&#8221;. The income supplements supplied due to the coronavirus pandemic have put the UBI back on the policy agenda, so it is appropriate to re-examine the idea. Click here to download the draft paper.</p>
</div><div class="post-2123 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-worker-ownership category-development tag-neoliberalism tag-post-socialist-transition tag-worker-ownership entry gs-2 gs-even gs-featured-content-entry"><a href="https://www.ellerman.org/worker-ownership-and-the-current-crisis/" title="Worker Ownership and the Current Crisis" class="alignright"><img width="150" height="77" src="https://www.ellerman.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/BookCover-150x77.jpg" class="entry-image attachment-post gsfc-alignright" alt="" itemprop="image" srcset="https://www.ellerman.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/BookCover-150x77.jpg 150w, https://www.ellerman.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/BookCover-300x154.jpg 300w, https://www.ellerman.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/BookCover-1024x526.jpg 1024w, https://www.ellerman.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/BookCover-768x395.jpg 768w, https://www.ellerman.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/BookCover.jpg 1039w" sizes="(max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px" /></a><h2><a href="https://www.ellerman.org/worker-ownership-and-the-current-crisis/" title="Worker Ownership and the Current Crisis">Worker Ownership and the Current Crisis</a></h2><p class="byline post-info"><span class="date published time" title="2020-03-15T09:20:20-07:00">March 15, 2020</span>  By <span class="author vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="https://www.ellerman.org/author/admin/" rel="author">admin</a></span></span> </p><p>There are so many crises these days (coronavirus, global warming) that this paper seems already out of date since we are referring to the crisis caused by the neoliberal post-socialist transition policies in East Europe and elsewhere in the post-socialist world.</p>
</div></div></div><div id="featured-content-4" class="featured-content-featured-property-theory featuredpost widget featured-content"><div class="featured-content-featured-property-theory featuredpost widget-wrap"><h4 class="widget-title widgettitle">Featured | Property Theory</h4>
<div class="post-2179 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-main-blog category-property-theory tag-arrow-debreu-model tag-general-equilibrium-theory tag-neo-classical-economics entry gs-1 gs-odd gs-even gs-featured-content-entry"><a href="https://www.ellerman.org/conceptual-errors-in-the-arrow-debreu-model/" title="Conceptual Errors in the Arrow-Debreu Model" class="alignright"><img width="150" height="63" src="https://www.ellerman.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/circularflow-150x63.png" class="entry-image attachment-post gsfc-alignright" alt="" itemprop="image" srcset="https://www.ellerman.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/circularflow-150x63.png 150w, https://www.ellerman.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/circularflow-300x126.png 300w, https://www.ellerman.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/circularflow.png 624w" sizes="(max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px" /></a><h2><a href="https://www.ellerman.org/conceptual-errors-in-the-arrow-debreu-model/" title="Conceptual Errors in the Arrow-Debreu Model">Conceptual Errors in the Arrow-Debreu Model</a></h2><p class="byline post-info"><span class="date published time" title="2020-07-15T02:01:27-07:00">July 15, 2020</span>  By <span class="author vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="https://www.ellerman.org/author/admin/" rel="author">admin</a></span></span> </p><p>The highly mathematical nature of the Arrow-Debreu and other similar models of general equilibrium hide rather than elucidate the nature of equilibrium in a private property market economy where all factors of production may be purchased or rented.</p>
</div><div class="post-2089 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-worker-ownership category-property-theory tag-corporate-personhood entry gs-2 gs-even gs-featured-content-entry"><a href="https://www.ellerman.org/corporations-a-miscellany-of-fallacies/" title="Fallacies of Corporate Analysis" class="alignright"><img width="150" height="150" src="https://www.ellerman.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/citizensunited-500x500-c-default-150x150.jpg" class="entry-image attachment-post gsfc-alignright" alt="" itemprop="image" srcset="https://www.ellerman.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/citizensunited-500x500-c-default-150x150.jpg 150w, https://www.ellerman.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/citizensunited-500x500-c-default-300x300.jpg 300w, https://www.ellerman.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/citizensunited-500x500-c-default.jpg 500w" sizes="(max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px" /></a><h2><a href="https://www.ellerman.org/corporations-a-miscellany-of-fallacies/" title="Fallacies of Corporate Analysis">Fallacies of Corporate Analysis</a></h2><p class="byline post-info"><span class="date published time" title="2019-11-13T15:30:21-08:00">November 13, 2019</span>  By <span class="author vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="https://www.ellerman.org/author/admin/" rel="author">admin</a></span></span> </p><p>Our goal is to analyze a miscellany of fallacies concerning the Citizens United case, corporate personhood, the stakeholder theory, the affected interests principle, and finally ending with the deeper fallacies concerning the rights of capital that are embedded in the conventional economic theories of capital and corporate finance.</p>
</div></div></div><div id="featured-content-5" class="featured-content-featured-quantum-mechanics featuredpost widget featured-content"><div class="featured-content-featured-quantum-mechanics featuredpost widget-wrap"><h4 class="widget-title widgettitle">Featured | Quantum Mechanics</h4>
<div class="post-2151 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-math-blog category-mathematics category-qm tag-partitions tag-probability-theory tag-quantum-mechanics-over-sets entry gs-1 gs-odd gs-even gs-featured-content-entry"><a href="https://www.ellerman.org/probability-theory-with-superposition-events/" title="Probability Theory with Superposition Events" class="alignright"><img width="150" height="62" src="https://www.ellerman.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/MatrixOfSuites-150x62.png" class="entry-image attachment-post gsfc-alignright" alt="" itemprop="image" srcset="https://www.ellerman.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/MatrixOfSuites-150x62.png 150w, https://www.ellerman.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/MatrixOfSuites-300x124.png 300w, https://www.ellerman.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/MatrixOfSuites.png 393w" sizes="(max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px" /></a><h2><a href="https://www.ellerman.org/probability-theory-with-superposition-events/" title="Probability Theory with Superposition Events">Probability Theory with Superposition Events</a></h2><p class="byline post-info"><span class="date published time" title="2020-06-18T00:09:24-07:00">June 18, 2020</span>  By <span class="author vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="https://www.ellerman.org/author/admin/" rel="author">admin</a></span></span> </p><p>In finite probability theory, events are subsets S⊆U of the outcome set. Subsets can be represented by 1-dimensional column vectors. By extending the representation of events to two dimensional matrices, we can introduce &#8220;superposition events.&#8221;</p>
</div><div class="post-2043 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-math-blog category-mathematics category-qm tag-information-theory tag-logical-entropy tag-partition-logic tag-quantum-mechanics entry gs-2 gs-even gs-featured-content-entry"><a href="https://www.ellerman.org/new-light-on-the-objective-indefiniteness-or-literal-interpretation-of-qm/" title="New Light on the Objective Indefiniteness or Literal Interpretation of QM" class="alignright"><img width="150" height="49" src="https://www.ellerman.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/rotating-arrows-150x49.png" class="entry-image attachment-post gsfc-alignright" alt="" itemprop="image" srcset="https://www.ellerman.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/rotating-arrows-150x49.png 150w, https://www.ellerman.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/rotating-arrows-300x99.png 300w, https://www.ellerman.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/rotating-arrows.png 392w" sizes="(max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px" /></a><h2><a href="https://www.ellerman.org/new-light-on-the-objective-indefiniteness-or-literal-interpretation-of-qm/" title="New Light on the Objective Indefiniteness or Literal Interpretation of QM">New Light on the Objective Indefiniteness or Literal Interpretation of QM</a></h2><p class="byline post-info"><span class="date published time" title="2018-12-17T11:50:09-08:00">December 17, 2018</span>  By <span class="author vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="https://www.ellerman.org/author/admin/" rel="author">admin</a></span></span> </p><p>This paper shows how the mathematics of QM is the math of indefiniteness and thus, literally and realistically interpreted, it describes an objectively indefinite reality at the quantum level. In particular, the mathematics of wave propagation is shown to also be the math of the evolution of indefinite states that does not change the degree of indistinctness between states. This corrects the historical wrong turn of seeing QM as &#8220;wave mechanics&#8221; rather than the mechanics of particles with indefinite/definite properties.</p>
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<div class="post-2172 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-math-blog category-mathematics tag-category-theory tag-logical-entropy tag-partition-logic entry gs-1 gs-odd gs-even gs-featured-content-entry"><a href="https://www.ellerman.org/how-category-theory-works/" title="How Category Theory Works" class="alignright"><img width="150" height="36" src="https://www.ellerman.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/two-lattices-150x36.png" class="entry-image attachment-post gsfc-alignright" alt="" itemprop="image" srcset="https://www.ellerman.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/two-lattices-150x36.png 150w, https://www.ellerman.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/two-lattices-300x73.png 300w, https://www.ellerman.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/two-lattices.png 763w" sizes="(max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px" /></a><h2><a href="https://www.ellerman.org/how-category-theory-works/" title="How Category Theory Works">How Category Theory Works</a></h2><p class="byline post-info"><span class="date published time" title="2020-07-11T07:14:36-07:00">July 11, 2020</span>  By <span class="author vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="https://www.ellerman.org/author/admin/" rel="author">admin</a></span></span> </p><p>The purpose of this paper is to show that the dual notions of elements &#038; distinctions are the basic analytical concepts needed to unpack and analyze morphisms, duality, and universal constructions in the Sets, the category of sets and functions.</p>
</div><div class="post-2159 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-math-blog category-mathematics tag-partition-logic entry gs-2 gs-even gs-featured-content-entry"><a href="https://www.ellerman.org/negation-and-implication-in-partition-logic/" title="Negation and Implication in Partition Logic" class="alignright"><img width="138" height="150" src="https://www.ellerman.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/common-dits-138x150.png" class="entry-image attachment-post gsfc-alignright" alt="" itemprop="image" srcset="https://www.ellerman.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/common-dits-138x150.png 138w, https://www.ellerman.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/common-dits.png 151w" sizes="(max-width: 138px) 100vw, 138px" /></a><h2><a href="https://www.ellerman.org/negation-and-implication-in-partition-logic/" title="Negation and Implication in Partition Logic">Negation and Implication in Partition Logic</a></h2><p class="byline post-info"><span class="date published time" title="2020-07-04T23:33:05-07:00">July 4, 2020</span>  By <span class="author vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="https://www.ellerman.org/author/admin/" rel="author">admin</a></span></span> </p><p>Our purpose in this paper is to explore the notions of negation and implication in that other mathematical logic of partitions.</p>
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