Computer Technology - Ubuntu

Unable to Install Package from Internet (Error. E: Package has no candidate)

2012-04-27T20:54:00.001+06:00

susanta@susanta-desktop:~$ sudo apt-get install nfs-common nfs-kernel-server

[sudo] password for susanta:

Reading package lists... Done

Building dependency tree

Reading state information... Done

Package nfs-common is not available, but is referred to by another package.

This may mean that the package is missing, has been obsoleted, or

is only available from another source

Package nfs-kernel-server is not available, but is referred to by another package.

This may mean that the package is missing, has been obsoleted, or

is only available from another source

E: Package 'nfs-common' has no installation candidate

E: Package 'nfs-kernel-server' has no installation candidate

susanta@susanta-desktop:~$ sudo apt-get update

Before execute the apt-get update command, please change few setting of software source in Ubuntu as below,

Bluetooth Configuring

2011-03-28T11:59:00.028+06:00

Blueman is the Bluetooth manager for Ubuntu. Therefore, install the package.

susanta@admin:~$ sudo apt-get install blueman

Now, go to System > Preferences > click on Bluetooth Manager

Now click the search button, if any bluetooth of handset(s) are in active status, then it will find and inform you the name of the device.

Here, the searched device name is listed. Now to pair with the device select the name and click Pair button.

Now, input the paired code and same code will be asked by the handset with which you want to pair. You should enter the same code in your handset.

To send file(s) to you paired device, just click on Send button

If you want to send file(s) of your paired device to the computer, then you also have to permit in you computer to allow to receive the file(s).

Apache, Php & MySQL Configuration in Ubuntu

2011-03-07T10:14:00.010+06:00

Install Apache package

susanta@admin:~$ sudo -s

root@admin:~# apt-get install apache2

Click here to get detail information about how to install and configure Apach server.

Main configuration file is apache2.conf

root@admin:~# gedit /etc/apache2/apache2.conf

Install php packages

root@admin:~# apt-get install php5

The main configuration file is php.ini

root@admin:~# gedit /etc/php5/apache2/php.ini

Install MySQL packages

root@admin:~# apt-get install mysql-server

root@admin:~# apt-get install php5-mysql

It will ask the root password of MySQL at the time of installation,

The main configuration file is my.cn. Open the file and edit the line,

root@admin:~# gedit /etc/mysql/my.cnf

# Instead of skip-networking the default is now to listen only on

# localhost which is more compatible and is not less secure.

bind-address = 127.0.0.1

# bind-address = admin.home.com

Installing Administrative packages of Apache, Php & MySQL

root@admin:~# apt-get install php5 phpmyadmin

It will ask the administrative password.

Webcam Configuration

2011-03-04T11:10:00.000+06:00

Download and install Cheese (webcam application) using the following steps,

Step 1] Open a terminal window.

Step 2] Type in the following command,

root@admin:~# apt-get install cheese

Note: Before the command, ensure that your computer is connected with internet.

Step 3] Now go to Application> Sound & Video> Click on Cheese Webcam Booth.

Networking - NMAP, Checking Network Port(s) Status

2011-02-18T08:47:00.001+06:00

No discussion of detecting network service would be completed without including nmap. It can scan its own host port. Nmap is designed to allow system administrators and curious individuals to scan large networks to determine which hosts are up and what services they are offering. nmap supports a large number of scanning techniques such as: UDP, TCP connect(), TCP SYN (half open), ftp proxy (bounce attack), Reverse-ident, ICMP (ping sweep), FIN, ACK sweep, Xmas Tree, SYN sweep, IP Protocol, and Null scan. See the Scan Types section for more details. nmap also offers a number of advanced features such as remote OS detection via TCP/IP fingerprinting, stealth scanning, dynamic delay and retransmission calculations, parallel scanning, detection of down hosts via parallel pings, decoy scanning, port filtering detection, direct (non-portmapper) RPC scanning, fragmentation scanning, and flexible target and port specification.

To install the nmap service, execute the following command,

susanta@admin:~$ sudo apt-get install nmap

Now, to check the network status, follow the below syntax in command prompt,

nmap <IP Address>

Example,

susanta@admin:~$ nmap www.bdjobs.com
Starting Nmap 5.00 ( http://nmap.org ) at 2011-02-18 08:36 BDT
Interesting ports on www.bdjobs-server.com (198.106.21.68):
Not shown: 958 filtered ports, 30 closed ports
PORT     STATE SERVICE
21/tcp   open ftp
25/tcp   open smtp
80/tcp   open http
81/tcp   open hosts2-ns
110/tcp open pop3
443/tcp open https
444/tcp open snpp
554/tcp open rtsp
587/tcp open submission
1433/tcp open ms-sql-s
1755/tcp open wms
8080/tcp open http-proxy

Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 57.33 seconds

We can check all available network ports by opening /etc/services

susanta@admin:~$ sudo gedit /etc/services

# Network services, Internet style
#
# Note that it is presently the policy of IANA to assign a single well-known
# port number for both TCP and UDP; hence, officially ports have two entries
# even if the protocol doesn't support UDP operations.
#
# Updated from http://www.iana.org/assignments/port-numbers and other
# sources like http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/cvsweb.cgi/src/etc/services .
# New ports will be added on request if they have been officially assigned
# by IANA and used in the real-world or are needed by a debian package.
# If you need a huge list of used numbers please install the nmap package.

tcpmux       1/tcp               # TCP port service multiplexer
echo          7/tcp
echo       7/udp
discard       9/tcp       sink null
discard       9/udp       sink null
systat       11/tcp       users
daytime       13/tcp
daytime       13/udp
netstat       15/tcp
qotd       17/tcp       quote
msp       18/tcp               # message send protocol
msp       18/udp
chargen       19/tcp       ttytst source
chargen       19/udp       ttytst source
ftp-data   20/tcp
ftp       21/tcp
fsp       21/udp       fspd
ssh       22/tcp               # SSH Remote Login Protocol
ssh       22/udp
telnet       23/tcp
smtp       25/tcp       mail
time       37/tcp       timserver
time       37/udp       timserver
rlp       39/udp       resource   # resource location
nameserver   42/tcp       name       # IEN 116
whois       43/tcp       nicname
tacacs       49/tcp               # Login Host Protocol (TACACS)
tacacs       49/udp
re-mail-ck   50/tcp               # Remote Mail Checking Protocol
re-mail-ck   50/udp
domain       53/tcp               # name-domain server
domain       53/udp
mtp       57/tcp               # deprecated
tacacs-ds   65/tcp               # TACACS-Database Service
tacacs-ds   65/udp
bootps       67/tcp               # BOOTP server
bootps       67/udp
bootpc       68/tcp               # BOOTP client
bootpc       68/udp
tftp       69/udp
gopher       70/tcp               # Internet Gopher
gopher       70/udp
rje       77/tcp       netrjs
finger       79/tcp
www       80/tcp       http       # WorldWideWeb HTTP
www       80/udp               # HyperText Transfer Protocol
link       87/tcp       ttylink
kerberos   88/tcp       kerberos5 krb5 kerberos-sec   # Kerberos v5
kerberos   88/udp       kerberos5 krb5 kerberos-sec   # Kerberos v5
supdup       95/tcp
hostnames   101/tcp       hostname   # usually from sri-nic
iso-tsap   102/tcp       tsap       # part of ISODE
acr-nema   104/tcp       dicom       # Digital Imag. & Comm. 300
acr-nema   104/udp       dicom       # Digital Imag. & Comm. 300
csnet-ns   105/tcp       cso-ns       # also used by CSO name server
csnet-ns   105/udp       cso-ns
rtelnet       107/tcp               # Remote Telnet
rtelnet       107/udp
pop2       109/tcp       postoffice pop-2 # POP version 2
pop2       109/udp       pop-2
pop3       110/tcp       pop-3       # POP version 3
pop3       110/udp       pop-3
sunrpc       111/tcp       portmapper   # RPC 4.0 portmapper
sunrpc       111/udp       portmapper
auth       113/tcp       authentication tap ident
sftp       115/tcp
uucp-path   117/tcp
nntp       119/tcp       readnews untp   # USENET News Transfer Protocol
ntp       123/tcp
ntp       123/udp               # Network Time Protocol
pwdgen       129/tcp               # PWDGEN service
pwdgen       129/udp               # PWDGEN service
loc-srv       135/tcp       epmap       # Location Service
loc-srv       135/udp       epmap
netbios-ns   137/tcp               # NETBIOS Name Service
netbios-ns   137/udp
netbios-dgm   138/tcp               # NETBIOS Datagram Service
netbios-dgm   138/udp
netbios-ssn   139/tcp               # NETBIOS session service
netbios-ssn   139/udp
imap2       143/tcp       imap       # Interim Mail Access P 2 and 4
imap2       143/udp       imap
snmp       161/tcp               # Simple Net Mgmt Protocol
snmp       161/udp               # Simple Net Mgmt Protocol
snmp-trap   162/tcp       snmptrap   # Traps for SNMP
snmp-trap   162/udp       snmptrap   # Traps for SNMP
cmip-man   163/tcp               # ISO mgmt over IP (CMOT)
cmip-man   163/udp
cmip-agent   164/tcp
cmip-agent   164/udp
mailq       174/tcp           # Mailer transport queue for Zmailer
mailq       174/udp           # Mailer transport queue for Zmailer
xdmcp       177/tcp               # X Display Mgr. Control Proto
xdmcp       177/udp
nextstep   178/tcp       NeXTStep NextStep   # NeXTStep window
nextstep   178/udp       NeXTStep NextStep   # server
bgp       179/tcp               # Border Gateway Protocol
bgp       179/udp
prospero   191/tcp               # Cliff Neuman's Prospero
prospero   191/udp
irc       194/tcp               # Internet Relay Chat
irc       194/udp
smux       199/tcp               # SNMP Unix Multiplexer
smux       199/udp
at-rtmp       201/tcp               # AppleTalk routing
at-rtmp       201/udp
at-nbp       202/tcp               # AppleTalk name binding
at-nbp       202/udp
at-echo       204/tcp               # AppleTalk echo
at-echo       204/udp
at-zis       206/tcp               # AppleTalk zone information
at-zis       206/udp
qmtp       209/tcp               # Quick Mail Transfer Protocol
qmtp       209/udp               # Quick Mail Transfer Protocol
z3950       210/tcp       wais       # NISO Z39.50 database
z3950       210/udp       wais
ipx       213/tcp               # IPX
ipx       213/udp
imap3       220/tcp               # Interactive Mail Access
imap3       220/udp               # Protocol v3
pawserv       345/tcp               # Perf Analysis Workbench
pawserv       345/udp
zserv       346/tcp               # Zebra server
zserv       346/udp
fatserv       347/tcp               # Fatmen Server
fatserv       347/udp
rpc2portmap   369/tcp
rpc2portmap   369/udp               # Coda portmapper
codaauth2   370/tcp
codaauth2   370/udp               # Coda authentication server
clearcase   371/tcp       Clearcase
clearcase   371/udp       Clearcase
ulistserv   372/tcp               # UNIX Listserv
ulistserv   372/udp
ldap       389/tcp           # Lightweight Directory Access Protocol
ldap       389/udp
imsp       406/tcp           # Interactive Mail Support Protocol
imsp       406/udp
https       443/tcp               # http protocol over TLS/SSL
https       443/udp
snpp       444/tcp               # Simple Network Paging Protocol
snpp       444/udp
microsoft-ds   445/tcp               # Microsoft Naked CIFS
microsoft-ds   445/udp
kpasswd       464/tcp
kpasswd       464/udp
saft       487/tcp           # Simple Asynchronous File Transfer
saft       487/udp
isakmp       500/tcp           # IPsec - Internet Security Association
isakmp       500/udp           # and Key Management Protocol
rtsp       554/tcp           # Real Time Stream Control Protocol
rtsp       554/udp           # Real Time Stream Control Protocol
nqs       607/tcp               # Network Queuing system
nqs       607/udp
npmp-local   610/tcp       dqs313_qmaster       # npmp-local / DQS
npmp-local   610/udp       dqs313_qmaster
npmp-gui   611/tcp       dqs313_execd       # npmp-gui / DQS
npmp-gui   611/udp       dqs313_execd
hmmp-ind   612/tcp       dqs313_intercell   # HMMP Indication / DQS
hmmp-ind   612/udp       dqs313_intercell
qmqp       628/tcp
qmqp       628/udp
ipp       631/tcp               # Internet Printing Protocol
ipp       631/udp
#
# UNIX specific services
#
exec       512/tcp
biff       512/udp       comsat
login       513/tcp
who       513/udp       whod
shell       514/tcp       cmd       # no passwords used
syslog       514/udp
printer       515/tcp       spooler       # line printer spooler
talk       517/udp
ntalk       518/udp
route       520/udp       router routed   # RIP
timed       525/udp       timeserver
tempo       526/tcp       newdate
courier       530/tcp       rpc
conference   531/tcp       chat
netnews       532/tcp       readnews
netwall       533/udp               # for emergency broadcasts
gdomap       538/tcp               # GNUstep distributed objects
gdomap       538/udp
uucp       540/tcp       uucpd       # uucp daemon
klogin       543/tcp               # Kerberized `rlogin' (v5)
kshell       544/tcp       krcmd       # Kerberized `rsh' (v5)
afpovertcp   548/tcp               # AFP over TCP
afpovertcp   548/udp
remotefs   556/tcp       rfs_server rfs   # Brunhoff remote filesystem
nntps       563/tcp       snntp       # NNTP over SSL
nntps       563/udp       snntp
submission   587/tcp               # Submission [RFC4409]
submission   587/udp
ldaps       636/tcp               # LDAP over SSL
ldaps       636/udp
tinc       655/tcp               # tinc control port
tinc       655/udp
silc       706/tcp
silc       706/udp
kerberos-adm   749/tcp               # Kerberos `kadmin' (v5)
#
webster       765/tcp               # Network dictionary
webster       765/udp
rsync       873/tcp
rsync       873/udp
ftps-data   989/tcp               # FTP over SSL (data)
ftps       990/tcp
telnets       992/tcp               # Telnet over SSL
telnets       992/udp
imaps       993/tcp               # IMAP over SSL
imaps       993/udp
ircs       994/tcp               # IRC over SSL
ircs       994/udp
pop3s       995/tcp               # POP-3 over SSL
pop3s       995/udp
#
# From ``Assigned Numbers'':
#
#> The Registered Ports are not controlled by the IANA and on most systems
#> can be used by ordinary user processes or programs executed by ordinary
#> users.
#
#> Ports are used in the TCP [45,106] to name the ends of logical
#> connections which carry long term conversations. For the purpose of
#> providing services to unknown callers, a service contact port is
#> defined. This list specifies the port used by the server process as its
#> contact port. While the IANA can not control uses of these ports it
#> does register or list uses of these ports as a convienence to the
#> community.
#
socks       1080/tcp           # socks proxy server
socks       1080/udp
proofd       1093/tcp
proofd       1093/udp
rootd       1094/tcp
rootd       1094/udp
openvpn       1194/tcp
openvpn       1194/udp
rmiregistry   1099/tcp           # Java RMI Registry
rmiregistry   1099/udp
kazaa       1214/tcp
kazaa       1214/udp
nessus       1241/tcp           # Nessus vulnerability
nessus       1241/udp           # assessment scanner
lotusnote   1352/tcp   lotusnotes   # Lotus Note
lotusnote   1352/udp   lotusnotes
ms-sql-s   1433/tcp           # Microsoft SQL Server
ms-sql-s   1433/udp
ms-sql-m   1434/tcp           # Microsoft SQL Monitor
ms-sql-m   1434/udp
ingreslock   1524/tcp
ingreslock   1524/udp
prospero-np   1525/tcp           # Prospero non-privileged
prospero-np   1525/udp
datametrics   1645/tcp   old-radius
datametrics   1645/udp   old-radius
sa-msg-port   1646/tcp   old-radacct
sa-msg-port   1646/udp   old-radacct
kermit       1649/tcp
kermit       1649/udp
l2f       1701/tcp   l2tp
l2f       1701/udp   l2tp
radius       1812/tcp
radius       1812/udp
radius-acct   1813/tcp   radacct       # Radius Accounting
radius-acct   1813/udp   radacct
msnp       1863/tcp           # MSN Messenger
msnp       1863/udp
unix-status   1957/tcp           # remstats unix-status server
log-server   1958/tcp           # remstats log server
remoteping   1959/tcp           # remstats remoteping server
cisco-sccp   2000/tcp   sieve       # Cisco SCCP
cisco-sccp   2000/udp
search       2010/tcp   ndtp
pipe_server   2010/tcp
nfs       2049/tcp           # Network File System
nfs       2049/udp           # Network File System
gnunet       2086/tcp
gnunet       2086/udp
rtcm-sc104   2101/tcp           # RTCM SC-104 IANA 1/29/99
rtcm-sc104   2101/udp
gsigatekeeper   2119/tcp
gsigatekeeper   2119/udp
gris       2135/tcp       # Grid Resource Information Server
gris       2135/udp       # Grid Resource Information Server
cvspserver   2401/tcp           # CVS client/server operations
cvspserver   2401/udp
venus       2430/tcp           # codacon port
venus       2430/udp           # Venus callback/wbc interface
venus-se   2431/tcp           # tcp side effects
venus-se   2431/udp           # udp sftp side effect
codasrv       2432/tcp           # not used
codasrv       2432/udp           # server port
codasrv-se   2433/tcp           # tcp side effects
codasrv-se   2433/udp           # udp sftp side effect
mon       2583/tcp           # MON traps
mon       2583/udp
dict       2628/tcp           # Dictionary server
dict       2628/udp
gsiftp       2811/tcp
gsiftp       2811/udp
gpsd       2947/tcp
gpsd       2947/udp
gds_db       3050/tcp           # InterBase server
gds_db       3050/udp
icpv2       3130/tcp   icp       # Internet Cache Protocol
icpv2       3130/udp   icp
mysql       3306/tcp
mysql       3306/udp
nut       3493/tcp           # Network UPS Tools
nut       3493/udp
distcc       3632/tcp           # distributed compiler
distcc       3632/udp
daap       3689/tcp           # Digital Audio Access Protocol
daap       3689/udp
svn       3690/tcp   subversion   # Subversion protocol
svn       3690/udp   subversion
suucp       4031/tcp           # UUCP over SSL
suucp       4031/udp           # UUCP over SSL
sysrqd       4094/tcp           # sysrq daemon
sysrqd       4094/udp           # sysrq daemon
remctl       4373/tcp       # Remote Authenticated Command Service
remctl       4373/udp       # Remote Authenticated Command Service
iax       4569/tcp           # Inter-Asterisk eXchange
iax       4569/udp
radmin-port   4899/tcp           # RAdmin Port
radmin-port   4899/udp
rfe       5002/udp           # Radio Free Ethernet
rfe       5002/tcp
mmcc       5050/tcp   # multimedia conference control tool (Yahoo IM)
mmcc       5050/udp
sip       5060/tcp           # Session Initiation Protocol
sip       5060/udp
sip-tls       5061/tcp
sip-tls       5061/udp
aol       5190/tcp           # AIM
aol       5190/udp
xmpp-client   5222/tcp   jabber-client   # Jabber Client Connection
xmpp-client   5222/udp   jabber-client
xmpp-server   5269/tcp   jabber-server   # Jabber Server Connection
xmpp-server   5269/udp   jabber-server
cfengine   5308/tcp
cfengine   5308/udp
mdns       5353/tcp           # Multicast DNS
mdns       5353/udp           # Multicast DNS
postgresql   5432/tcp   postgres   # PostgreSQL Database
postgresql   5432/udp   postgres
freeciv       5556/tcp   rptp       # Freeciv gameplay
freeciv       5556/udp
amqp       5672/tcp
amqp       5672/udp
amqp       5672/sctp
ggz       5688/tcp           # GGZ Gaming Zone
ggz       5688/udp           # GGZ Gaming Zone
x11       6000/tcp   x11-0       # X Window System
x11       6000/udp   x11-0
x11-1       6001/tcp
x11-1       6001/udp
x11-2       6002/tcp
x11-2       6002/udp
x11-3       6003/tcp
x11-3       6003/udp
x11-4       6004/tcp
x11-4       6004/udp
x11-5       6005/tcp
x11-5       6005/udp
x11-6       6006/tcp
x11-6       6006/udp
x11-7       6007/tcp
x11-7       6007/udp
gnutella-svc   6346/tcp           # gnutella
gnutella-svc   6346/udp
gnutella-rtr   6347/tcp           # gnutella
gnutella-rtr   6347/udp
sge_qmaster   6444/tcp           # Grid Engine Qmaster Service
sge_qmaster   6444/udp           # Grid Engine Qmaster Service
sge_execd   6445/tcp           # Grid Engine Execution Service
sge_execd   6445/udp           # Grid Engine Execution Service
afs3-fileserver 7000/tcp   bbs       # file server itself
afs3-fileserver 7000/udp   bbs
afs3-callback   7001/tcp           # callbacks to cache managers
afs3-callback   7001/udp
afs3-prserver   7002/tcp           # users & groups database
afs3-prserver   7002/udp
afs3-vlserver   7003/tcp           # volume location database
afs3-vlserver   7003/udp
afs3-kaserver   7004/tcp           # AFS/Kerberos authentication
afs3-kaserver   7004/udp
afs3-volser   7005/tcp           # volume managment server
afs3-volser   7005/udp
afs3-errors   7006/tcp           # error interpretation service
afs3-errors   7006/udp
afs3-bos   7007/tcp           # basic overseer process
afs3-bos   7007/udp
afs3-update   7008/tcp           # server-to-server updater
afs3-update   7008/udp
afs3-rmtsys   7009/tcp           # remote cache manager service
afs3-rmtsys   7009/udp
font-service   7100/tcp   xfs       # X Font Service
font-service   7100/udp   xfs
http-alt   8080/tcp   webcache   # WWW caching service
http-alt   8080/udp           # WWW caching service
bacula-dir   9101/tcp           # Bacula Director
bacula-dir   9101/udp
bacula-fd   9102/tcp           # Bacula File Daemon
bacula-fd   9102/udp
bacula-sd   9103/tcp           # Bacula Storage Daemon
bacula-sd   9103/udp
xmms2       9667/tcp   # Cross-platform Music Multiplexing System
xmms2       9667/udp   # Cross-platform Music Multiplexing System
amanda       10080/tcp           # amanda backup services
amanda       10080/udp
hkp       11371/tcp           # OpenPGP HTTP Keyserver
hkp       11371/udp           # OpenPGP HTTP Keyserver
bprd       13720/tcp           # VERITAS NetBackup
bprd       13720/udp
bpdbm       13721/tcp           # VERITAS NetBackup
bpdbm       13721/udp
bpjava-msvc   13722/tcp           # BP Java MSVC Protocol
bpjava-msvc   13722/udp
vnetd       13724/tcp           # Veritas Network Utility
vnetd       13724/udp
bpcd       13782/tcp           # VERITAS NetBackup
bpcd       13782/udp
vopied       13783/tcp           # VERITAS NetBackup
vopied       13783/udp
wnn6       22273/tcp           # wnn6
wnn6       22273/udp

#
# Datagram Delivery Protocol services
#
rtmp       1/ddp           # Routing Table Maintenance Protocol
nbp       2/ddp           # Name Binding Protocol
echo       4/ddp           # AppleTalk Echo Protocol
zip       6/ddp           # Zone Information Protocol

#=========================================================================
# The remaining port numbers are not as allocated by IANA.
#=========================================================================

# Kerberos (Project Athena/MIT) services
# Note that these are for Kerberos v4, and are unofficial. Sites running
# v4 should uncomment these and comment out the v5 entries above.
#
kerberos4   750/udp       kerberos-iv kdc   # Kerberos (server)
kerberos4   750/tcp       kerberos-iv kdc
kerberos_master   751/udp               # Kerberos authentication
kerberos_master   751/tcp
passwd_server   752/udp               # Kerberos passwd server
krb_prop   754/tcp       krb5_prop hprop   # Kerberos slave propagation
krbupdate   760/tcp       kreg       # Kerberos registration
swat       901/tcp               # swat
kpop       1109/tcp           # Pop with Kerberos
knetd       2053/tcp           # Kerberos de-multiplexor
zephyr-srv   2102/udp           # Zephyr server
zephyr-clt   2103/udp           # Zephyr serv-hm connection
zephyr-hm   2104/udp           # Zephyr hostmanager
eklogin       2105/tcp           # Kerberos encrypted rlogin
# Hmmm. Are we using Kv4 or Kv5 now? Worrying.
# The following is probably Kerberos v5 --- ajt@debian.org (11/02/2000)
kx       2111/tcp           # X over Kerberos
iprop       2121/tcp           # incremental propagation
#
# Unofficial but necessary (for NetBSD) services
#
supfilesrv   871/tcp               # SUP server
supfiledbg   1127/tcp           # SUP debugging

#
# Services added for the Debian GNU/Linux distribution
#
linuxconf   98/tcp               # LinuxConf
poppassd   106/tcp               # Eudora
poppassd   106/udp
ssmtp       465/tcp       smtps       # SMTP over SSL
moira_db   775/tcp               # Moira database
moira_update   777/tcp               # Moira update protocol
moira_ureg   779/udp               # Moira user registration
spamd       783/tcp               # spamassassin daemon
omirr       808/tcp       omirrd       # online mirror
omirr       808/udp       omirrd
customs       1001/tcp           # pmake customs server
customs       1001/udp
skkserv       1178/tcp           # skk jisho server port
predict       1210/udp           # predict -- satellite tracking
rmtcfg       1236/tcp           # Gracilis Packeten remote config server
wipld       1300/tcp           # Wipl network monitor
xtel       1313/tcp           # french minitel
xtelw       1314/tcp           # french minitel
support       1529/tcp           # GNATS
cfinger       2003/tcp           # GNU Finger
frox       2121/tcp           # frox: caching ftp proxy
ninstall   2150/tcp           # ninstall service
ninstall   2150/udp
zebrasrv   2600/tcp           # zebra service
zebra       2601/tcp           # zebra vty
ripd       2602/tcp           # ripd vty (zebra)
ripngd       2603/tcp           # ripngd vty (zebra)
ospfd       2604/tcp           # ospfd vty (zebra)
bgpd       2605/tcp           # bgpd vty (zebra)
ospf6d       2606/tcp           # ospf6d vty (zebra)
ospfapi       2607/tcp           # OSPF-API
isisd       2608/tcp           # ISISd vty (zebra)
afbackup   2988/tcp           # Afbackup system
afbackup   2988/udp
afmbackup   2989/tcp           # Afmbackup system
afmbackup   2989/udp
xtell       4224/tcp           # xtell server
fax       4557/tcp           # FAX transmission service (old)
hylafax       4559/tcp           # HylaFAX client-server protocol (new)
distmp3       4600/tcp           # distmp3host daemon
munin       4949/tcp   lrrd       # Munin
enbd-cstatd   5051/tcp           # ENBD client statd
enbd-sstatd   5052/tcp           # ENBD server statd
pcrd       5151/tcp           # PCR-1000 Daemon
noclog       5354/tcp           # noclogd with TCP (nocol)
noclog       5354/udp           # noclogd with UDP (nocol)
hostmon       5355/tcp           # hostmon uses TCP (nocol)
hostmon       5355/udp           # hostmon uses UDP (nocol)
rplay       5555/udp           # RPlay audio service
nsca       5667/tcp           # Nagios Agent - NSCA
mrtd       5674/tcp           # MRT Routing Daemon
bgpsim       5675/tcp           # MRT Routing Simulator
canna       5680/tcp           # cannaserver
sane-port   6566/tcp   sane saned   # SANE network scanner daemon
ircd       6667/tcp           # Internet Relay Chat
zope-ftp   8021/tcp           # zope management by ftp
tproxy       8081/tcp           # Transparent Proxy
omniorb       8088/tcp           # OmniORB
omniorb       8088/udp
clc-build-daemon 8990/tcp           # Common lisp build daemon
xinetd       9098/tcp
mandelspawn   9359/udp   mandelbrot   # network mandelbrot
git       9418/tcp           # Git Version Control System
zope       9673/tcp           # zope server
webmin       10000/tcp
kamanda       10081/tcp           # amanda backup services (Kerberos)
kamanda       10081/udp
amandaidx   10082/tcp           # amanda backup services
amidxtape   10083/tcp           # amanda backup services
smsqp       11201/tcp           # Alamin SMS gateway
smsqp       11201/udp
xpilot       15345/tcp           # XPilot Contact Port
xpilot       15345/udp
sgi-cmsd   17001/udp       # Cluster membership services daemon
sgi-crsd   17002/udp
sgi-gcd       17003/udp           # SGI Group membership daemon
sgi-cad       17004/tcp           # Cluster Admin daemon
isdnlog       20011/tcp           # isdn logging system
isdnlog       20011/udp
vboxd       20012/tcp           # voice box system
vboxd       20012/udp
binkp       24554/tcp           # binkp fidonet protocol
asp       27374/tcp           # Address Search Protocol
asp       27374/udp
csync2       30865/tcp           # cluster synchronization tool
dircproxy   57000/tcp           # Detachable IRC Proxy
tfido       60177/tcp           # fidonet EMSI over telnet
fido       60179/tcp           # fidonet EMSI over TCP

# Local services

Networking - Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)

2011-02-16T23:54:00.084+06:00

The Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) is a network service that enables host computers to be automatically assigned settings from a server as opposed to manually configuring each network host. The most common settings provided by a DHCP server to DHCP clients include:

IP-Address and Netmask
DNS
WINS
Host Name
Domain Name
Default Gateway
Time Server
Print Server

A DHCP server can provide configuration settings using two methods:

MAC Address

This method entails using DHCP to identify the unique hardware address of each network card connected to the network and then continually supplying a constant configuration each time the DHCP client makes a request to the DHCP server using that network device.

Address Pool

This method entails defining a pool (sometimes also called a range or scope) of IP addresses from which DHCP clients are supplied their configuration properties dynamically and on a fist come first serve basis. When a DHCP client is no longer on the network for a specified period, the configuration is expired and released back to the address pool for use by other DHCP Clients.

Follow the below stages to install and configure DHCP:

Stage 1] Execute the following command to install DHCP server from internet in server computer.

susanta@admin:~$ sudo apt-get install dhcp3-server

Stage 2] If we have two network cards in your ubuntu server we need to select which interface you want to use for DHCP server listening.By default it listens to eth0. To select another interface, edit the /etc/default/dhcp3-server file

susanta@admin:~$ sudo gedit /etc/default/dhcp3-server

Defaults for dhcp initscript
# sourced by /etc/init.d/dhcp
# installed at /etc/default/dhcp3-server by the maintainer scripts

#
# This is a POSIX shell fragment
#

# On what interfaces should the DHCP server (dhcpd) serve DHCP requests?
#    Separate multiple interfaces with spaces, e.g. "eth0 eth1".
# INTERFACES="eth0"
INTERFACES="eth1"

Stage 3]    Before editing the main configuration file of DHCP, take a backup of the file.

susanta@admin:~$ sudo cp /etc/dhcp3/dhcpd.conf /etc/dhcp3/dhcpd.conf.back

Stage 4] Now, edit the configuration file of DHCP server,

susanta@admin:~$ sudo gedit /etc/dhcp3/dhcpd.conf

#

# Sample configuration file for ISC dhcpd for Debian

#

# Attention: If /etc/ltsp/dhcpd.conf exists, that will be used as

# configuration file instead of this file.

#

# $Id: dhcpd.conf,v 1.1.1.1 2002/05/21 00:07:44 peloy Exp $

#

# The ddns-updates-style parameter controls whether or not the server will

# attempt to do a DNS update when a lease is confirmed. We default to the

# behavior of the version 2 packages ('none', since DHCP v2 didn't

# have support for DDNS.)

ddns-update-style none;

# option definitions common to all supported networks...
 # option domain-name "example.org";
# option domain-name-servers ns1.example.org, ns2.example.org;
 
 # default-lease-time 600;
# max-lease-time 7200;
 
# If this DHCP server is the official DHCP server for the local

# network, the authoritative directive should be uncommented.

#authoritative;

# Use this to send dhcp log messages to a different log file (you also

# have to hack syslog.conf to complete the redirection).

log-facility local7;

# No service will be given on this subnet, but declaring it helps the 

# DHCP server to understand the network topology.

#subnet 10.152.187.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {

#}

# This is a very basic subnet declaration.

#subnet 10.254.239.0 netmask 255.255.255.224 {

#  range 10.254.239.10 10.254.239.20;

#  option routers rtr-239-0-1.example.org, rtr-239-0-2.example.org;

#}

# This declaration allows BOOTP clients to get dynamic addresses,

# which we don't really recommend.

#subnet 10.254.239.32 netmask 255.255.255.224 {

#  range dynamic-bootp 10.254.239.40 10.254.239.60;

#  option broadcast-address 10.254.239.31;

#  option routers rtr-239-32-1.example.org;

#}

# A slightly different configuration for an internal subnet.

#subnet 10.5.5.0 netmask 255.255.255.224 {

#  range 10.5.5.26 10.5.5.30;

#  option domain-name-servers ns1.internal.example.org;

#  option domain-name "internal.example.org";

#  option routers 10.5.5.1;

#  option broadcast-address 10.5.5.31;

#  default-lease-time 600;

#  max-lease-time 7200;

#}

# Hosts which require special configuration options can be listed in

# host statements.   If no address is specified, the address will be

# allocated dynamically (if possible), but the host-specific information

# will still come from the host declaration.

#host passacaglia {

#  hardware ethernet 0:0:c0:5d:bd:95;

#  filename "vmunix.passacaglia";

#  server-name "toccata.fugue.com";

#}

# Fixed IP addresses can also be specified for hosts.   These addresses

# should not also be listed as being available for dynamic assignment.

# Hosts for which fixed IP addresses have been specified can boot using

# BOOTP or DHCP.   Hosts for which no fixed address is specified can only

# be booted with DHCP, unless there is an address range on the subnet

# to which a BOOTP client is connected which has the dynamic-bootp flag

# set.

#host fantasia {

#  hardware ethernet 08:00:07:26:c0:a5;

#  fixed-address fantasia.fugue.com;

#}

# You can declare a class of clients and then do address allocation

# based on that.   The example below shows a case where all clients

# in a certain class get addresses on the 10.17.224/24 subnet, and all

# other clients get addresses on the 10.0.29/24 subnet.

#class "foo" {

#  match if substring (option vendor-class-identifier, 0, 4) = "SUNW";

#}

#shared-network 224-29 {

#  subnet 10.17.224.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {

#    option routers rtr-224.example.org;

#  }

#  subnet 10.0.29.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {

#    option routers rtr-29.example.org;

#  }

#  pool {

#    allow members of "foo";

#    range 10.17.224.10 10.17.224.250;

#  }

#  pool {

#    deny members of "foo";

#    range 10.0.29.10 10.0.29.230;

#  }

#}

default-lease-time  600;

max-lease-time  7200;

option  subnet-mask  255.255.255.0;

option  broadcast-address  192.168.1.255;

option  routers  192.168.1.254;

option  domain-name-servers  192.168.1.1, 192.168.1.2;

option  domain-name  “yourdomainname.com”;

# Using address pool method

subnet  192.168.1.0  netmask  255.255.255.0 {

range  192.168.1.10  192.168.1.90;

}

# Using MAC address method

host  dns_server {

  hardware  ethernet  00:16:76:1e:6a:60;

  fixed-address  192.168.1.100;

}

Note: Must select subnet IP address is the starting IP address of DHCP server's IP address (Example: 192.168.1.2). And DHCP server's IP address is always a Static IP address.

Note: To get the MAC address of the Network Interface Card, execute the below command,

susanta@admin:~$ ifconfig

eth0     Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:16:76:1e:6a:60
         UP BROADCAST MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
         RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
         TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
         collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
         RX bytes:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)
         Interrupt:21 Base address:0xde00

Stage 5] Now, we need to restart the DHCP server restart to get effect of the change in configuration file.

susanta@admin:~$ sudo /etc/init.d/dhcp3-server start

* Starting DHCP server dhcpd3 [ OK ]

Note: If the service is unable to restart and get a error message as like "check syslog for diagnostics", then check the syslog file which contents DHCP error related info,

susanta@admin:~$ tail -n 100 /var/log/syslog

Note: Check the few lines of the file, because it is very big file.

Stage 5] Now we have to configure our DHCP client computer, just by editing the /etc/network/interfaces file,

susanta@admin:~$ sudo gedit /etc/network/interfaces

Note: The DHCP server writes all current IP address "leases" to the file /var/lib/dhcp3/dhcpd,

susanta@admin:~$ vi /var/lib/dhcp3/dhcpd.leases

Note: To check DHCP status, execute the below command,

susanta@admin:~$ netstat -uap

Networking - Static IP Address or DHCP Configuring for Network Interface Card (NIC)

2011-02-16T21:46:00.001+06:00

By two ways we can set IP address for Network Interface Card.

a) Dynamic IP Address - by using DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) server
b) Static IP Address - by Setting a fix IP address for NIC.

Configuring DHCP Address for Network Interface Card (NIC)

Just edit the /etc/network/interfaces file to configure dynamic IP address for the network card.

susanta@admin:~$ sudo gedit /etc/network/interfaces

# auto lo
# iface lo inet loopback
auto eth0
iface eth0 inet dhcp

Here the IP address of the Network card will be collected from local DHCP server.

Now execute the following command to set IP address from DHCP server.

susanta@admin:~$ sudo /etc/init.d/networking restart
* Reconfiguring network interfaces...                                                                                       Internet Systems Consortium DHCP Client V3.1.3
Copyright 2004-2009 Internet Systems Consortium.
All rights reserved.
For info, please visit https://www.isc.org/software/dhcp/

Listening on LPF/eth0/00:16:76:1e:6a:60
Sending on   LPF/eth0/00:16:76:1e:6a:60
Sending on   Socket/fallback
DHCPDISCOVER on eth0 to 255.255.255.255 port 67 interval 8
................................
................................

Configuring Static IP Address for Network Interface Card (NIC)

Same way edit the /etc/network/interfaces file to configure static IP address for the network card.

susanta@admin:~$ sudo gedit /etc/network/interfaces

# auto lo

# iface lo inet loopback

auto eth0

iface eth0 inet static

address 192.168.1.2

gateway 192.168.1.1

netmask 255.255.255.0

network 192.168.1.0

broadcast 192.168.1.255

Now restart the networking script file to set IP address for the Network Interface Card.

susanta@admin:~$ sudo /etc/init.d/networking restart

To check whether the new IP address is set for the network interface card, execute the following command,

susanta@admin:~$ ifconfig
eth0      Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:16:76:1e:6a:60
          inet addr:192.168.1.2 Bcast:192.168.1.255   Mask:255.255.255.0
          UP BROADCAST MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
          RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
          RX bytes:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)
          Interrupt:21 Base address:0xde00

lo        Link encap:Local Loopback
          inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0
          inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host
          UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1
          RX packets:8 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:8 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
          RX bytes:480 (480.0 B) TX bytes:480 (480.0 B)

ppp0      Link encap:Point-to-Point Protocol
          inet addr:10.1.77.54 P-t-P:2.2.2.2 Mask:255.255.255.255
          UP POINTOPOINT RUNNING NOARP MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
          RX packets:1585 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:1744 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:3
          RX bytes:553960 (553.9 KB) TX bytes:792791 (792.7 KB)

Note: We can also set second IP address or virtual IP address for same network interface

susanta@admin:~$ sudo gedit /etc/network/interfaces

 auto eth0

iface eth0 inet static

address 192.168.1.2

gateway 192.168.1.1

netmask 255.255.255.0

network 192.168.1.0

broadcast 192.168.1.255 

auto eth0:1
iface eth0:1 inet static
address 192.168.1.3

gateway 192.168.1.1

netmask 255.255.255.0

network 192.168.1.0

broadcast 192.168.1.255 

Now execute the following command to check, whether it is working properly,

susanta@admin:~$ ifconfig
eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:16:76:1e:6a:60 

          inet addr:192.168.1.2  Bcast:192.168.1.255  Mask:255.255.255.0

          UP BROADCAST MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1

          RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0

          TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0

          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 

          RX bytes:0 (0.0 B)  TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)

          Interrupt:21 Base address:0xde00 

eth0:1    Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:16:76:1e:6a:60 

          inet addr:192.168.1.3  Bcast:192.168.1.255  Mask:255.255.255.0

          UP BROADCAST MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1

          Interrupt:21 Base address:0xde00 

lo        Link encap:Local Loopback 

          inet addr:127.0.0.1  Mask:255.0.0.0

          inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host

          UP LOOPBACK RUNNING  MTU:16436  Metric:1

          RX packets:8 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0

          TX packets:8 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0

          collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 

          RX bytes:480 (480.0 B)  TX bytes:480 (480.0 B)

Networking - DNS (Domain Name Server)

2011-02-07T20:46:00.074+06:00

Domain Name Service (DNS) is an Internet service that maps IP addresses and fully qualified domain names (FQDN) to one another. In this way, DNS alleviates the need to remember IP addresses. Computers that run DNS are called name servers. Ubuntu ships with BIND (Berkley Internet Naming Daemon), the most common program used for maintaining a name server on GNU/Linux. [Ref: Ubuntu Official Document on 22.02.11]

When you are going to browse any web site, then you enter the web site's name, but this name converted into number. Each time you type a web site's address into your browser, the Domain Name System (DNS) goes to work. The level of FQDN (Fully Qualified Domain Name) are given below,

Ex. mail.yahoo.com.

Follow the below steps to install DNS and configure it.

Step 1] Install the bind9 package to install DNS after login as administrative.

susanta@admin:~$ sudo -s

root@admin:~# sudo apt-get install bind9

Step 2] Edit (or add new lines in) the main configuration file.

root@admin:~# gedit /etc/bind/named.conf
// This is the primary configuration file for the BIND DNS server named.
//
// Please read /usr/share/doc/bind9/README.Debian.gz for information on the
// structure of BIND configuration files in Debian, *BEFORE* you customize
// this configuration file.
//
// If you are just adding zones, please do that in /etc/bind/named.conf.local

include "/etc/bind/named.conf.options";
include "/etc/bind/named.conf.local";
include "/etc/bind/named.conf.default-zones";

// reduce log verbosity on issues outside our control
logging {
    category lame-servers { null; };
    category cname { null; };
};

// prime the server with knowledge of the root servers
zone "." {
        type hint;
        file "/etc/bind/db.root";
};

// be authoritative for the localhost forward and reverse zones, and for
// broadcast zones as per RFC 1912

zone "home.com" {
        type master;
        file "/etc/bind/home.com.db";
};

zone "0.168.192.in-addr.arpa" {
        type master;
        file "/etc/bind/rev.0.168.192.in-addr.arpa.db";
};

Step 3] Now creates two database files by following existing example. One file contents the information of converting host name to IP address and another contents the information of converting IP address to host name.root@admin:~# cp /etc/bind/db.local /etc/bind/home.com.db

Note: It will help to convert host name to IP address.

root@admin:~# cp /etc/bind/db.127   /etc/bind/rev.0.168.192.in-addr.arpa.db

Note: It will help to convert IP address to host name.

Step 4] Now, edit the home.com.db file to convert host name to IP address

root@admin:~# gedit /etc/bind/home.com.db
;
; BIND data file for local loopback interface
;
$TTL    604800
@    IN    SOA    admin.home.com. root.admin.home.com. (
                  2        ; Serial
            604800        ; Refresh
            86400        ; Retry
            2419200        ; Expire
            604800 )    ; Negative Cache TTL
;
@    IN    NS    admin.home.com.
admin    IN    A    192.168.0.1
mail    IN    A    192.168.0.2
chat    IN    A    192.168.0.3
news    IN    A    192.168.0.4
www    IN    A    192.168.0.5

Step 5] Now, edit the rev.0.168.192.in-addr.arpa.db file to convert IP address to host name.

root@admin:~# gedit /etc/bind/rev.0.168.192.in-addr.arpa.db
;
; BIND reverse data file for local loopback interface
;
$TTL    604800
@    IN    SOA    admin.home.com. root.admin.home.com. (
                  1        ; Serial
            604800        ; Refresh
            86400        ; Retry
            2419200        ; Expire
            604800 )    ; Negative Cache TTL
;
@    IN    NS    admin.home.com.
1    IN    PTR    admin.home.com.
2    IN    PTR    mail.home.com.
3    IN    PTR    chat.home.com.
4    IN    PTR    news.home.com.
5    IN    PTR    www.home.com.

Networking - Http Server (Apache)

2011-02-06T22:27:00.000+06:00

The Apache web server is used in Ubuntu to build HTTP server. Follow the below commands,

Stage 1] Execute the below command to install Apache web server from internet.

susanta@admin:~$ sudo apt-get install apache2

After installation the root configuration files and web resource director are
/etc/apache2 and /var/www respectively.

Stage 2] The main configuration file is /etc/apache2/apache2.conf.

susanta@admin:~$ sudo gedit /etc/apache2/apache2.conf

Stage 3] If Domain Name Server (DNS) is not installed then modify the hosts file to configure Domain Name.

susanta@admin:~$ sudo gedit /etc/hostname

Here, admin.home.com is a fully qualified domain name.

susanta@admin:~$ sudo gedit /etc/hosts

Stage 4] Modify the /etc/apache2/sites-available/default file to select the domain name and the document path which will be opened in the browser.

susanta@admin:~$ sudo gedit /etc/apache2/sites-available/default

<VirtualHost admin.home.com:80>
   ServerAdmin susanta@admin.home.com
   DocumentRoot /var/www

   <Directory />
       Options FollowSymLinks
       AllowOverride None
   </Directory>

   <Directory /var/www/>
       Options Indexes FollowSymLinks MultiViews
       AllowOverride None
       Order allow,deny
       allow from all
   </Directory>

   ScriptAlias /cgi-bin/ /usr/lib/cgi-bin/
   <Directory "/usr/lib/cgi-bin">
       AllowOverride None
       Options +ExecCGI -MultiViews +SymLinksIfOwnerMatch
       Order allow,deny
       Allow from all
   </Directory>

   ErrorLog /var/log/apache2/error.log

   # Possible values include: debug, info, notice, warn, error, crit,
   # alert, emerg.
   LogLevel warn

   CustomLog /var/log/apache2/access.log combined

    Alias /doc/ "/usr/share/doc/"
    <Directory "/usr/share/doc/">
        Options Indexes MultiViews FollowSymLinks
        AllowOverride None
        Order deny,allow
        Deny from all
        Allow from 127.0.0.0/255.0.0.0 ::1/128
    </Directory>

</VirtualHost>

Here, /var/www/ is the document directory and inside the director there is file called index.html which will be opened in browser.

Stage 5] Now start or reload the apache server to get affect change.

susanta@admin:~$ service apache2 start

or
susanta@admin:~$ service apache2 reload

Stage 6] Open a browser and write the domain name admin.home.com.

Stage 7] Apache can configure number of different virtual domain name(s) by using same IP address. To do this, we need to copy /etc/apache2/sites-available/default to /etc/apache2/sites-enabled/default in deferent name.

susanta@admin:~$ sudo cp /etc/apache2/sites-available/default /etc/apache2/sites-enabled/mysite

Stage 8] Now edit the mysite file to create a virtual site.

susanta@admin:~$ sudo gedit /etc/apache2/sites-enabled/mysite
<VirtualHost mysite.home.com:80>
   ServerAdmin susanta@mysite.home.com

   DocumentRoot /var/redhat

   <Directory /var/redhat>
       Options Indexes FollowSymLinks MultiViews
       AllowOverride None
       Order allow,deny
       allow from all
   </Directory>

</VirtualHost>

Stage 9] Add the vertual domain name in /etc/hosts file.

susanta@admin:~$ sudo gedit /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1    localhost
127.0.1.1    admin.home.com
127.0.1.1    mysite.home.com

# The following lines are desirable for IPv6 capable hosts
::1     localhost ip6-localhost ip6-loopback
fe00::0 ip6-localnet
ff00::0 ip6-mcastprefix
ff02::1 ip6-allnodes
ff02::2 ip6-allrouters
ff02::3 ip6-allhosts

Stage 10] Now again reload the apache server to get affect change.

susanta@admin:~$ service apache2 reload

Stage 11] Open a browser and write the virtual domain name mysite.home.com