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Swapping Two Numbers Without & With Using Third Variable in C Language

2021-05-24T22:13:00.001+05:30

Swapping Two Numbers Without & With Using Third Variable in C || By Dinesh Lohiya Sir

In this C programming language video, you will learn how to swap 2 numbers without and with using a third or temporary variable in detail with example.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z0vP3mGA3f0

Here in this tutorial, i have explained this program using c  and logic is the same for any other programming language. If you want to join the live class join by clicking the given link below-:  

Register Now :  Online C Language Coaching

120 hours computer course syllabus

2021-01-17T09:15:00.003+05:30

120 Hours computer course certificate:

As we know that Computer is the most important part of our daily routine life. Digital Jalandhar is an ISO 9001: 2015 certified institute and provides the best quality education. Digital Jalandhar is going to start a new batch on 18-Jan-2021 @ 7.00PM.

120 hours Computer Course is required for some Govt. job so we are going to start a new batch and the exam pattern and syllabus are given in this article. Read About Wireless Technology

120 Hours Computer Course Syllabus :

Introduction to Computer : History of Computers, Computer Hardware & Software Operation System.

Basic DOS command: Basic Overview of MS- DOS Commands

Win7/Win8/Win10: Basic Overview of MS Windows

120 hours computer course syllabus Video

MS Word – 2013 : File new, open, save, save as, page setup, print preview, print, exit, edit, cut, copy, paste, delete, find & replace, format, paragraph, font, tabs, change case & practical hindi typing bullets & numbering, inserting file and pictures, tables, mail merge & practical

MS Excel – 2013 : Overview, workbook, worksheet, cell, entering data, renaming etc. formula calculation, simple formula, complex formula & practical, inserting pictures, making graphs, goal seek, data sorting, filter & practical.

MS Power Point – 2013: Basic Operations, making slide, new slide, transition effects, formatting slide, clip art, word art, slide sorter view, slide show, custom animation etc.

Online Data Management: Goggle Sheet create, share, Maintain Records , working with multiple file, Access and lock File etc.

Typing : English

Internet : Google, Surfing, Browsing, working with E-mail.

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Digital Jalandhar Provide Certificate course. Digital Jalandhar is an ISO Certified Institute. We provide online coaching for computer courses.

2020-12-15T00:15:00.004+05:30

TOP 10 Supercomputer @ Nov-2020

1.Supercomputer Fugaku - Supercomputer Fugaku, A64FX 48C 2.2GHz, Tofu interconnect D, Fujitsu RIKEN Center for Computational Science, Japan

2.Summit - IBM Power System AC922, IBM POWER9 22C 3.07GHz, NVIDIA Volta GV100, Dual-rail Mellanox EDR Infiniband, IBM, DOE/SC/Oak Ridge National Laboratory,United States

3.Sierra - IBM Power System AC922, IBM POWER9 22C 3.1GHz, NVIDIA Volta GV100, Dual-rail Mellanox EDR Infiniband, IBM / NVIDIA / Mellanox DOE/NNSA/LLNL, United States

4. Sunway TaihuLight - Sunway MPP, Sunway SW26010 260C 1.45GHz, Sunway, NRCPC, National Supercomputing Center in Wuxi, China

5.Selene - NVIDIA DGX A100, AMD EPYC 7742 64C 2.25GHz, NVIDIA A100, Mellanox HDR Infiniband, Nvidia, NVIDIA Corporation, United States

120 Hours Computer Course Jalandhar

6. Tianhe-2A - TH-IVB-FEP Cluster, Intel Xeon E5-2692v2 12C 2.2GHz, TH Express-2, Matrix-2000, NUDT, National Super Computer Center in Guangzhou, China

7.JUWELS Booster Module - Bull Sequana XH2000 , AMD EPYC 7402 24C 2.8GHz, NVIDIA A100, Mellanox HDR InfiniBand/ParTec ParaStation ClusterSuite, Atos, Forschungszentrum Juelich (FZJ), Germany

8.HPC5 - PowerEdge C4140, Xeon Gold 6252 24C 2.1GHz, NVIDIA Tesla V100, Mellanox HDR Infiniband, Dell EMC, Eni S.p.A., Italy

9.Frontera - Dell C6420, Xeon Platinum 8280 28C 2.7GHz, Mellanox InfiniBand HDR, Dell EMC Texas Advanced Computing Center/Univ. of Texas, United States

10.Dammam-7 - Cray CS-Storm, Xeon Gold 6248 20C 2.5GHz, NVIDIA Tesla V100 SXM2, InfiniBand HDR 100, HPE, Saudi Aramco, Saudi Arabia.

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2020-09-03T21:42:00.003+05:30

C Language Program

Hi, In this article, we are discussing some important C Language programming problems that are asked in the CRT - Campus recruitment test.

Predict the output or error(s) for the following:

1. void main()

{

int const * p=5;

printf("%d",++(*p));

}

Answer:

Compiler error: Cannot modify a constant value.

Explanation:

p is a pointer to a "constant integer". But we tried to change the value of the "constant integer".

2. main()

{

char s[ ]="man";

int i;

for(i=0;s[ i ];i++)

printf("\n%c%c%c%c",s[ i ],*(s+i),*(i+s),i[s]);

}

Answer:

mmmm

aaaa

nnnn

Explanation:

s[i], *(i+s), *(s+i), i[s] are all different ways of expressing the same idea. Generally array name is the base address for that array. Here s is the base address. i is the index number/displacement from the base address. So, indirecting it with * is same as s[i]. i[s] may be surprising. But in the case of C it is same as s[i].

3. main()

{

float me = 1.1;

double you = 1.1;

if(me==you)

printf("I love U");

else

printf("I hate U");

}

Answer:

I hate U

Explanation:

For floating point numbers (float, double, long double) the values cannot be predicted exactly. Depending on the number of bytes, the precession with of the value represented varies. Float takes 4 bytes and long double takes 10 bytes. So float stores 0.9 with less precision than long double.

Rule:

Never compare or at-least be cautious when using floating point numbers with relational operators (== , >, <, <=, >=,!= ) .

4. main()

{

static int var = 5;

printf("%d ",var--);

if(var)

main();

}

Answer:

5 4 3 2 1

Explanation:

When static storage class is given, it is initialized once. The change in the value of a static variable is retained even between the function calls. Main is also treated like any other ordinary function, which can be called recursively.

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Differences Between Compiler and Interpreter

2020-02-20T22:51:00.006+05:30

Compiler and Interpreter Differences

Compiler and interpreter both are the Language Translators, but still, they have some differences. In this article, we will discuss what the difference between Compiler and interpreter is. As we know that Compilers and Interpreters are the system software that is used to convert the high-level program into machine-level code.

Compiler :

A compiler is a language translator which converts High-Level Language program to its equivalent Intermediate Code. Compiler read the complete program once a time.
The compiler generates an Intermediate Code.
The compiler reads the entire program for compilation.
Compiler displays all errors and warning at the time and without fixing all errors program cannot be executed
The compiler needs more memory.

Interpreter :

An Interpreter is a language translator that converts a High-Level Language program to its equivalent Machine Code. The interpreter reads program line by line or we can say statement by statement and if the statement is error-free, it converts into machine code.
The interpreter generates Machine Code.
The interpreter reads a single statement at a time for interpretation. Since the Interpreter reads a single statement so an interpreter displays one error at a time and you have to fix the error to interpret the next statement.
an Interpreter needs less memory to interpret the program

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Storage Class in c Language

2020-02-16T22:32:00.002+05:30

Storage Class in C Language :

here we are sharing the storage classes in c language. variables can be put into some combination of scope, lifetime and visibility by using some keywords and placing them appropriately and this is called a storage class of the variable.

Broadly speaking there are only two storage classes. Auto and static. Other storage classes are extern and register.

1. Static Variables

Depending In the context where the static declaration is used, it can give two different meanings.

1. If declared at global scope it means that the variable has file scope.

E.g.1

static myprintf( ); // only file scope

declares that myprintf function is having file scope and is not accessible to other files.

E.g. 2.

int a; // global scope

static int b; // file scope

2. If declared within a block it means that the variable is having a static lifetime but with local scope. As a whole, the static keyword helps in limiting the variables to file scope such that collision of names at the time of linkage is avoided. In other words, static limits variables to internal linkage. A static variable (with local or block scope) can be initialized with the address of any external or static item, but not with the address of another auto item. Because the address of an auto item is not a constant since auto items are created in stacks and erased as the function exits.

2. Extern

‘extern’ is used for two main purposes; it can be used for:

_ for specifying global linkage and

_ forward declarations,

The first use of extern is to explicitly specify that the variable is a candidate for external linkage.

extern int fun(); specifies that the function fun is defined somewhere else and that will be known only at link-time.

extern int i; // declare i is defined somewhere else

...

int i = 10;

// i resolves to this variable i.

// This is resolved by the linker and the programmer may have

// used it for forward reference.

3. Auto

Auto keyword specifies that the variable is of an automatic lifetime. It is not instructive to the compiler but for you to just remember that it is of automatic type. Practically it serves no purpose (of course you know that the variables declared inside functions are automatic and told explicitly that the variable is auto doesn’t help you anyway).

4. Register

You can specify a local variable as register if you think that variable may be accessed frequently. The compiler will try to put that variable in a microprocessor register if one is available. Else this keyword is ignored and treated as if it is declared as auto. Declaring such frequently used variables to be placed in registers may only lead to small performance improvement. Modern compilers will easily find out the variables that will be frequently accessed and will place them accordingly. This is a deprecated feature

(so will be omitted in future versions of C) and so is not recommended to use. It is illegal to apply ‘&’ operator to a register variable. Why because of both the pointer that stores the address of the variable and the value in that the address has to be in the memory for applying & and * operators. Then only these operations remain meaningful and valid. However, register variables may not be inactive memory when the & operator applied and so C prohibits applying this operator on register variables. Register variables can be used to improve program efficiency. Looping variables are good candidates for such register optimizations,

for( i=0 ; i < INT_MAX; i++)

arrayAccess[i];

In such cases, the efficiency of execution certainly increases. If a memory the register is not available for placing it in memory it may at-least place the variable in cache memory that is still an improvement in execution speed. Anyway, using register variables is found to speed up many programs by a factor

of two.

Scope of a variable -:

v In C, a variable can be declared anywhere in the program but before using them.

v The area of the program within which a variable is accessible, known as its scope.

v A variable can be accessed within the block where it is declared.

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Life Give Chance but only limited times #motivational..!!!!

2020-01-26T08:21:00.001+05:30

ज़िन्दगी हम सब को एक Chance देगी ...फिर दुसरा Chance भी देगी पर बार बार नहीं देगी.....Watch the video till End........Think about this .....!!!!!! #motivational

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C Programming Language and its Features | Learn Beginners

2020-01-07T00:56:00.001+05:30

C Programming Language and its features

What is C Programming Language ?

C was an offspring of the basic combined programming Language (BCPL) Called as B Language developed in 1960’s at Cambridge University.
B Language was modified by Dennis Ritchie, and was implemented at AT and T’s Bell Laborites in 1972.
The New language born Named was C Language.
It Was Developed along with the Unix Operating system. This operating system was coded almost entirely in C Language.

Important Features of C:- Some feature are given below

1.Efficient and Fast- Programs are written in C Language Efficient and Fast. this is due to a variety of data type and powerful operators. It is many times faster than BASIC Language.

2. Built-in-Function- C Language has a different type of built-in-function. Several standard functions which is available which can be used to write a program.

3. Portability- C is a highly portable language. this means that a program written in C language for one computer can be run on another computer with little or no modification. Portability is the most important feature of C Language.

4. Structured Programming- C Language is well Suited for structured programming thus requiring the user to think of a problem in terms of functions and modules. a proper collection of these modules would make a complete program.

5.Extent Itself- Another important feature of C Language is its ability to extend itself. A 'C' program is basically a collection of functions that are supported by the C Library. we can add our own function to the C library so that the programming task becomes simple.

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What is Loops in C language

2018-09-05T15:56:00.004+05:30

Looping in C Language

Loops have as purpose to repeat a statement a certain number of times or while a condition is fulfilled. We can say that when several parts (or a Block) of a program is repeated again and again under a certain condition that is called a loop. There are three loops-
1. while loop
2. do-while loop
3. for loop

The while loop-:

Its syntax is:
while (expression)
{
Statement 1;
Statement 2;
}

and its functionality is simply to repeat statements while the condition set in expression is true. For example, we are going to make a program to countdown using a while-loop:

// custom countdown using while

#include <stdio.h>

void main ()
{
int n;
printf("Enter the starting number ");
scanf(“%d”,& n);
while (n>0)
{
printf(“/t %d”, n) ;
      --n;
}
printf(“Welcome to Computer Science Coaching Classes \n");
}

Output will be :-Enter the starting number 88, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1,

When the program starts the user is prompted to insert a starting number for the countdown. Then the while loop begins, if the value entered by the user fulfills the condition n>0 (that n is greater than zero) the block that follows the condition will be executed and repeated while the condition (n>0) remains being true.

Other examples of while loop -:

//while loop to print 10 natural numbers

int i=1;

while ( i<=10)

{

printf(“%d”,i);

i=i+1;

}

Output will be -:

12345678910

//while loop to find factorial

int fact=1,num=5,i=1;

while (i<=num)

{

     fact=fact * i;

     i++;

}

printf(“factorial=%d”, fact);

Output will be -: factorial=120

  The do-while loop -:

Its syntax is :-
do
{
Statements 2;
Statement 1;
} while (condition);

Its functionality is exactly the same as the while loop, except that condition in the do-while loop is evaluated after the execution of statement instead of before, granting at least one execution of a statement even if the condition is never fulfilled. For example,

#include <stdio.h>
void main()
{
int n;
do
{
printf("Enter number (0 to end): ");
scanf(“%d”, n);
printf("\n You entered:=%d " , n );
} while (n != 0);

}

output will be :Enter number (0 to end): 1234You entered: 1234Enter number (0 to end): 1602You entered: 1602

Enter number (0 to end): 0

You entered: 0

The do-while loop is usually used when the condition that has to determine the end of the loop is determined within the loop statement itself, like in the previous case, where the user input within the block is what is used to determine if the loop has to end. In fact if you never enter the value 0 in the previous example you can be prompted for more numbers forever.

The for loop

Its Syntax is:
for (initialization; condition; increase/ decrease)
{
statement1;
Statment2;
}
its main function is to repeat statements while the condition remains true, like the while loop. But in addition, the for loop provides specific locations to contain an initialization statement and an increased statement. So this loop is specially designed to perform a repetitive action with a counter which is initialized and increased on each iteration.

It works in the following way:

1. initialization is executed. Generally, it is an initial value of the setting for a counter variable. This is executed

only once.

2. condition is checked. If it is true the loop continues, otherwise, the loop ends and the statement is skipped

(not executed).

3. the statement is executed. As usual, it can be either a single statement or a block enclosed in braces { }.

4. finally, whatever is specified in the increase field is executed and the loop gets back to step 2.

// countdown using a for loop

#include <stdio.h>
void main ()
{
int n;
for ( n=10; n>0; n--)
{
printf(“%d”, n);}printf("Welcome to c!\n");
}

output will be:10 9 87654321 Welcome to c ! The initialization and increase fields are optional. They can remain empty, but in all cases, the semicolon signs between them must be written. For example we could write:
for (;n<10;)

{

statement1

}

Optionally, using the comma operator (,) we can specify more than one expression in any of the fields included in a for loop, like in initialization, for example. The comma operator (,) is an expression separator.
for ( n=0, i=100 ; n!=i ; n++, i-- )

{

printf(“\n Hello”);

}

n starts with a value of 0, and i with 100, the condition is n != i (that n is not equal to i). Because n is increased by one and i decreased by one, the loop's condition will become false after the 50th loop when both n and i will be equal to 50.that is the hello will be printing on 50 times.

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CONTROL STRUCTURES PART-I (DECISION MAKING) || C Language

2018-09-02T13:10:00.004+05:30

With the introduction of control structures we are going to have to introduce a new concept:

the compound statement or block. A block is a group of statements which are separated by semicolons (;) like all C statements, but grouped together in a block enclosed in braces: { }:

{ statement1; statement2 ; statement3; }

1.1 Conditional structure ( Selection ) if - :

The if the keyword is used to execute a statement or block only if a condition is fulfilled. Its form is:

if (condition)

statement 1 ;

If this condition is true, the statement is executed. If it is false, the statement is ignored (not executed) and the program continues right after this conditional structure. for example

if (x == 100)

printf( "x is 100");

If we want more than a single statement to be executed in case that the condition is true we can specify a block using braces { }:

if (x == 1000)

{

printf( "x is=");

printf(“%d”, x);

}

Note: In case of single statement in if… the use of {} is optional.

1.2 If- Else -:

We can additionally specify what we want to happen if the condition is not fulfilled by using the keyword else. Its form used in conjunction with if is:

if (condition)

statement1 ;

else

statement2 ;

For example:

if (x == 1000)

printf("x is 1000");

else

printf("x is not 1000");

prints on the screen x is 1000 if indeed x has a value of 1000, but if it has not -and only if not- it prints out x is not 1000.

1.3 Else-if - :

The if + else structures can be concatenated with the intention of verifying a range of values. The following example shows its use telling if the value currently stored in x is positive, negative or none of them (i.e. zero):

if (x > 0)

printf( "x is positive");

else if (x < 0)

printf("x is negative");

else

printf( "x is 0");

Remember that in case we want more than a single statement to be executed, we must group them in a block by enclosing them in braces { }.

1.4 Nested if -:

An if… or if..else.. may have another if.. Statement in its true block or in false block. It is known as Nesting of if (placing an if inside another if).

Syntax :

if (condition1)

{

if(condition 2)

{

statement 1;

}

else

{

statement 2;

}

else

{

if(condition 3)

{

statement 3;

}

else

{

statement 4;

}

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WAP to accept a character from the keyboard and check the character is vowel or not.

2018-09-02T12:32:00.005+05:30

Write a program to accept a character and cheack the character is vowel or not in c language.

//----------- VOWEL PERSENT OR NOT ---------

#include<stdio.h>

#include<conio.h>

void main()

{

char ch;

clrscr();

printf(" ENTER THE CHARACTER ::");

scanf("%c",&ch);

if(ch=='a' && ch=='A' || ch=='i' && ch=='I' || ch=='e' && ch=='E' || ch=='O' && ch=='o'|| ch=='U'&& ch=='u')

{

printf(" VOWEL IS PRESENT");

}

else

{

printf(" THIS IS NOT VOWEL");

}

getch();

}

Tags :

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WAP to accept a year from the keyboard and cheack the year is leap year or not.

2018-09-02T12:28:00.002+05:30

leap year that year whose divide by 4 and not divide 100 else

//===============divide by 400------------like 2000,2004--------

#include<stdio.h>

#include<conio.h>

void main()

{

int y;

clrscr();

printf(" ENTER THE YEAR ::");

scanf("%d",&y);

if((y%4==0 && y%100!=0)||(y%4000))

printf(" LEAP YEAR ");

else

printf(" not leap year");

getch();

}

Tages :

leap year program in c++leap year program in c using while loopc program to find leap year using functionhow to find leap year in c

leap year program in javaflowchart for leap year program in cleap year program in python

leap year logic

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WAP to accept PRT from keyboard and calculate the simple interest.

2018-09-02T12:24:00.001+05:30

#include<stdio.h>

#include<conio.h>

void main()

{

float r,pi=3.14,area;

clrscr();

printf(" ENTER THE RADIUS OF THE CIRCLE ::");

scanf("%f",&r);

area=pi*r*r;

printf(" THE AREA OF THE CIRCLE IS =%f",area);

getch();

}

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Important Computer Inventions and founders

2018-08-28T20:20:00.001+05:30

Dear students,
As we know the founder and their inventions are an important part of the computer, so we are here to share all important founders and their inventions.

v Father of Computer– Charles Babbage

v First Modern Computer in the World- ENIAC

v Inventor of Punch Cards in Computer – Hollerith

v Computer Graphics was developed by – William Fetter

v ARPANET was developed by – DARPA

v Compiler was developed by – Dr. Grace Murray Hopper

v Father of Computer Animations- John Whitney

v The keyboard was invented by- Christopher Latham Sholes

v Laptop computer was invented by – Adam Osborne

v First GUI Computer Game was invented by- A.S. Douglas

v Computer BIOS was invented by – Gary Kildall

v Inventors of Computer Chip– Jack Kilby& Robert Noyce

v Father of Computer Hard Disk- Reynold Johnson

v Inventor of First DataBase – Dr. Edgar Frank Codd

v Inventor of Computer Scanner – Ray Kurzweil

v Inventor of Computer Speakers- AbinawanPuracchidas

v Inventor of MS-DOS Operating Systems- Microsoft

v Founder of Apple Computers – Steve Jobs

v Founder of Artificial Intelligence – John McCarthy

v Founder of Bluetooth – Ericsson

v Father of C Language – Dennis Ritchie

v Father of C++ language – Bjarne Stroustrup

v Founder of Email – Shiva Ayyadurai

v Founder of Google – Larry Page and Sergey Brin

v Founder of the Internet – Vint Cerf

v Father of Java - James Gosling

v Founder of Linux – Linus Torvalds

v Founder of Microsoft – Bill Gates and Paul Allen

v Founder of Mobile Phones – Martin Cooper

v Founder of Mouse – Douglas Engelbart

v Founder of Php – Rasmus Lerdorf

v Founder of USB – Ajay V.Bhatt

v Founder of WWW – Tim Berners-Lee

v Founder of Yahoo – Jurry Yang and David Filo

v First Commercial Computer – UNIVAC

v ENIAC and UNIVAC was developed by – John Mauchly and J. Presper Eckert

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OPERATORS AND EXPRESSION | C Language Notes

2018-08-24T23:10:00.004+05:30

Operators-: Operators are used to operate the variables and constants.

1 1. **Arithmetic operators in C language ( +, -, *, /, % ) -:**

The five arithmetical operations supported by the C language are: + addition , - subtraction, * multiplication , / division, % modulo

2. Increase and decrease (++, --) -:

The increase operator (++) and the decrease operator (--) increase or reduce by one the value stored in a variable. They are equivalent to +=1 and to -=1, respectively. Thus:

c++;

c+=1;

c=c+1;

are all equivalent in its functionality: the three of them increase by one the value of c.

Example 1

B=3;

A=++B;

// A contains 4, B contains 4

Example 2

B=3;

A=B++;

// A contains 3, B contains 4

3. Relational and equality operators ( ==, !=, >, <, >=, <= ) -:

Relation operators are used to compare the variables and constants. these are -

== Equal to

!= Not equal to

> Greater than

< Less than

>= Greater than or equal to

<= Less than or equal to

Here there are some examples:

(7 == 5) // evaluates to false.

(5 > 4) // evaluates to true.

(3 != 2) // evaluates to true.

(6 >= 6) // evaluates to true.

(5 < 5) // evaluates to false.

Of course, instead of using only numeric constants, we can use any valid expression, including variables. Suppose that a=2, b=3 and c=6,

(a == 5) // evaluates to false since a is not equal to 5.

(a*b >= c) // evaluates to true since (2*3 >= 6) is true.

(b+4 > a*c) // evaluates to false since (3+4 > 2*6) is false.

((b=2) == a) // evaluates to true.

v Important :

The operator = (one equal sign) is not the same as the operator == (two equal signs), the first one is an assignment operator (assigns the value at its right to the variable at its left) and the other one (==) is the equality operator that compares whether both expressions on the two sides of it are equal to each other.

4. Logical operators ( ! , &&, || ) : -

The logical operators && and || are used when evaluating two expressions to obtain a single relational result.

&& OPERATOR

A	B	A && b
True	true	true
True	false	false
False	true	False
False	false	false

|| OPERATOR

A	B	A \|\| b
True	true	true
True	false	true
False	true	True
False	false	false

For example:

( (5 == 5) && (3 > 6) ) // evaluates to false ( true && false ).

( (5 == 5) || (3 > 6) ) // evaluates to true ( true || false ).

5. Conditional operator ( ? ) -:

The conditional operator evaluates an expression returning a value if that expression is true and a different one if the expression is evaluated as false. Its format is:

condition ? result1 : result2

If condition is true the expression will return result1, if it is not it will return result2.

a=(7==5) ? 4 : 3 // a = 3, since 7 is not equal to 5.

b=(7==5+2) ? 4 : 3 // b= 4, since 7 is equal to 5+2.

d=(5>3) ? a : b // returns the value of a, since 5 is greater than 3.

e=(a>b )? a : b // returns whichever is greater, a or b.

6. Comma operator ( , ) -:

The comma operator (,) is used to separate two or more expressions that are included where only one expression is expected. When the set of expressions has to be evaluated for a value, only the rightmost expression is considered.

For example, the following code:

a = (b=3 , b+2) ;

Would first assign the value 3 to b, and then assign b+2 to variable a. So, at the end, variable a would contain the value 5 while variable b would contain value 3.

7. Explicit type casting operator- :

Type casting operators allow you to convert a datum of a given type to another. There are several ways to do this in C. The simplest one, which has been inherited from the C language, is to precede the expression to be converted by the new type enclosed between parentheses (()):

int i;

float f = 3.14;

i = (int) f;

The previous code converts the float number 3.14 to an integer value (3), the remainder is lost. Here, the

typecasting operator was (int).

8. sizeof() -:

This operator accepts one parameter, which can be either a type or a variable itself and returns the size in bytes of that type or object:

a = sizeof (char) ;

Arithmetic Expressions in c language-:

An arithmetic expressions is a combinations of variables , constant, and operators. Expression are using the assignment statement of the form is -:

Variable = Expression;

Expression table-

Algebraic Expressions

(i)

___ + C

(ii)

2 x³ +3y +5

C Expressions

(i)

(A / B ) + C

(ii)

(2 * x * x )+ (3 *y )+ 5

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Basic C Language Program and questions asked in Exams

2018-08-24T22:45:00.002+05:30

Most Important Questions/ C Language Program that was asked in exams.

1. Write a program to print your name on the screen.

2. Write a program to print your name and your school name in the next line.

3. Write a program to enter two numbers and calculate the sum.

4. Write a program to enter two numbers and interchange both values.

5. Write a program to enter a number and find out the sum of its digit.

6. Write a program to enter the temperature in C and convert to F and vise-Versa.

7. Write a program to enter the radius and find out the area of the circle.

8. Write a program to enter the radius and find out the circumference of the circle.

9. Explain the function printf and scanf.

10. Explain the Built-in Data type in C Language.

11. What is the difference between user define data type and pre-define data type?

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Data Types in C Language | C Tutorial with Dinesh Sir

2018-08-15T16:03:00.004+05:30

Data Types in C Language :

C Language is rich in its data type. data types means to identify the types of data that are you want to be create and used. There are different data types in C Language are -:

1. Fundamental (Built-in) Data type.

2. User define Data types

3. Derived Datatypes

Fundamental data types in C Language-:

When programming, we store the variables in our computer's memory, but the computer has to know what kind of data we want to store in them since it is not going to occupy the same amount of memory to store a simple number than to store a single letter or a large number, and they are not going to be interpreted the same way. The memory in our computers is organized in bytes. A byte is the minimum amount of memory that we can manage in C. A byte can store a relatively small amount of data: In addition, the computer can manipulate more complex data types that come from grouping several bytes, such as long numbers or non-integer numbers.

You have a summary of the basic fundamental data types in C as well as the range of values that can be represented with each one in Table 2.a:

Name	Size	Range
Char	1byte	signed: -128 to 127 unsigned: 0 to 255
Int	2 byte	signed: -32768 to 32767 unsigned: 0 to 65535
floate	4 byte	+/- 3.4e +/- 38 (~7 digits )
double	8 byte	+/- 1.7e +/- 308 (~15 digits)
long int	4 byte	signed: -2147483648 to 2147483647 unsigned: 0 to 4294967295

char- char data type is used to define a character variable that holds the single character.

int - int data type is used to define the integer variables.

float – float data type is used to define the decimal variables

User Defined Data types in C Language-

There are such data type that are defined by the user is called as user define data types.

1 . Structure

2 . Union

3 . enum

Derived Data Type in C Language: -

Derived data type are given below

1. Array – It is a collection of similar types that is homogenies element.

2. Pointer- A pointer is a variable that store the address of another variable.

3. Reference- A reference is a alternative name for an object are used to create a reference.

4. Function-: A function is a method name that are invoked anywhere in a program.

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Constants in C Language | C Language Tutorial

2018-08-15T15:44:00.005+05:30

Constants in C Language

Constants are expressions with a fixed value. This is referred to as a fixed value that does not change during the execution of the program.

1 Integer Numerals: They are numerical constants that identify integer values

Int x=5;

Floating Point Numbers: They express numbers with decimals and/or exponents.

floate y=20.5 ;

Character and string literals-: There also exist non-numerical constants, like:

'z'

'p'

"Hello world"

"How do you do?"

The first two expressions represent a single character constants and the following two represent string literals composed of several characters. Notice that to represent a single character we enclose it between single quotes (') and to express a string (which generally consists of more than one character) we enclose it between double quotes (").

Declared constants in C Language (const) :-

With the const prefix, you can declare constants with a specific type in the same way as you would do with a variable:

const int pathwidth = 100;

const char ch = 'a';

Here, pathwidth and tabulator are two typed constants. They are treated just like regular variables except that their values cannot be modified after their definition.

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Variables in C Language | C Language Tutorial

2018-08-15T15:34:00.002+05:30

What is Variable in C Language ?

Variable is data name that are stored in the memory. The characteristics of a variable are given below:

(i) It has a name.

(ii) It is capable of storing values.

(iii) It provides temporary storage.

(iv) It is capable of changing its value during program execution.

A variable have two values that is rvalue and lvalue. The meaning of rvalue is the real value of the variable and the lvalue is the location value of the variable where the variable is saved.

Example-: x=25, y=30,a,b,c;

100 102 104 106 108

x a y b c

Here x is a variable and the rvalue of x is 25 and the lvalue is =100 same as the rvalue of y is 30 and the lvalue is 104.

Declaration of variables in C Language

In order to use a variable in C, we must first declare it specifying which data type we want it to be. The syntax to declare a new variable is to write the specifier of the desired data type- followed by a valid variable identifier.

For example: Data type variable_name ;

int a ;

float mynumber ;

These are two valid declarations of variables. The first one declares a variable of type int with the identifier a. The second one declares a variable of type float with the identifier mynumber. Once declared, the variables a and mynumber can be used within the rest of their scope in the program.

If you are going to declare more than one variable of the same type, you can declare all of them in a single statement by separating their identifiers with commas. For example:

int a, b, c;

Initialization of variables in C Language :

When declaring a regular local variable, its value is by default undetermined. But you may want a variable to store a concrete value at the same moment that it is declared. In order to do that, you can initialize the variable. There are two ways to do this in C:

The first one, known as c-like, is done by appending an equal sign followed by the value to which the variable will be initialized:

Data-Type variable = initial_value ;

For example, if we want to declare an int variable called a initialized with a value of 0 at the moment in which it is declared, we could write: int a = 0;

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Characters Sets, Keywords and Identifiers in C Programming

2018-08-15T07:30:00.005+05:30

Characters Sets, Keywords and Identifiers in C Programming

C Language Jalandhar

Character Set in C Language

C have the rich set of character that are Litters ( A_Z and a-z) , Digits( 0-9) special character (/ , \ ( ) [ ] { } etc), C can process the 0 – 255 characters as data or as literals.

The Complete Charter set is given in table (1.a).

Charter set in C Language-

Litters ( A_Z and a-z)	Digits ( 0-9 )
. periods	, Comma
; semicolon	: colon
? question mark	/ slash
\ back slash	~ tiled
% per sent sign	_ under score
& ampersand	* asterisk
( Left parenthesis	) right parenthesis
{ Left Brace	} Right Brace
{ } Curly Braces	[ Left Bracket , ] Right Bracket

Table 1

Tokens in C Language

As we know the smallest individual units in a program are known as tokens. C Language has six types of tokens that are following given below- :

ü Keywords

ü Identifiers

ü Constants

ü Strings

ü Operators

ü Special Symbol

A C program writing using these tokens, white spaces and the syntax of the language.

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Keywords in C Language

They are reserved identifier and cannot be used as a variable name,or other user define program elements. All keyword have fixed meaning and these meaning cannot be changed, there are 32 keywords in C Language, that are given below-

Auto, break, case, char, const, continue, default, ,do, double, else, enum, extern, float, for, goto,if, int, long, register, return, short, signed, sizeof, static, struct, switch, , typedef, union, unsigned, virtual, void , while.

Identifiers in C Language

Identifiers refer to the name of variables, function,array, etc, created by the user. they are a fundamental requirements of any language. Each language has its own rule to define an identifier. Some rule in C are given below -

1. A valid identifier is a sequence of one or more letters, digits or underscores characters

2. Neither spaces nor punctuation marks or symbols can be part of an identifier.

3. Only letters, digits and single underscore characters are valid.

4. Variable identifiers always have to begin with a letter.

5. They can also begin with an underline character (_ ).

6. Another rule that you have to consider when inventing your own identifiers is that they cannot match any keyword of the C language nor your compiler's specific ones, which are reserved keywords.

Important Note:

The C language is a "case sensitive" language. That means that an identifier written in capital letters is not equivalent to another one with the same name but written in small letters. Thus, for example, the ABC variable is not the same as the abc variable or the Result variable.

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Slide Image-1

2018-08-10T06:56:00.000+05:30

Student Testomonial

2018-08-07T23:51:00.003+05:30

Top Super Computer in the world As of Jun 2019

2018-08-06T13:19:00.003+05:30

List of Top 10 Super Computer in the world in year-2019 ( As of NOV 2019)-

A supercomputer is a computer with great speed and memory. This kind of computer can do jobs faster than any other computer of its generation. They are usually thousands of times faster than ordinary personal computers made at that time. The first Atlas was officially commissioned on 7 December 1962, nearly three years after the Cray CDC6600 The supercomputer was introduced, as one of the world's first supercomputers. Seymour Cray is called as father of super computer.

Top 10 Super Computer NOV-2019

1 Summit - IBM Power System AC922, IBM POWER9 22C 3.07GHz, NVIDIA Volta GV100, Dual-rail Mellanox EDR Infiniband , IBM, DOE/SC/Oak Ridge National Laboratory, United States

2 Sierra - IBM Power System AC922, IBM POWER9 22C 3.1GHz, NVIDIA Volta GV100, Dual-rail Mellanox EDR Infiniband , IBM / NVIDIA / Mellanox, DOE/NNSA/LLNL, United States

3 Sunway TaihuLight - Sunway MPP, Sunway SW26010 260C 1.45GHz, Sunway , NRCPC, National Supercomputing Center in Wuxi, China

4 Tianhe-2A - TH-IVB-FEP Cluster, Intel Xeon E5-2692v2 12C 2.2GHz, TH Express-2, Matrix-2000 , NUDT, National Super Computer Center in Guangzhou, China

5 Frontera - Dell C6420, Xeon Platinum 8280 28C 2.7GHz, Mellanox InfiniBand HDR , Dell EMC, Texas Advanced Computing Center/Univ. of Texas, United States

6 Piz Daint - Cray XC50, Xeon E5-2690v3 12C 2.6GHz, Aries interconnect , NVIDIA Tesla P100 , Cray/HPE, Swiss National Supercomputing Centre (CSCS), Switzerland

7 Trinity - Cray XC40, Xeon E5-2698v3 16C 2.3GHz, Intel Xeon Phi 7250 68C 1.4GHz, Aries interconnect , Cray/HPE, DOE/NNSA/LANL/SNL, United States

8 AI Bridging Cloud Infrastructure (ABCI) - PRIMERGY CX2570 M4, Xeon Gold 6148 20C 2.4GHz, NVIDIA Tesla V100 SXM2, Infiniband EDR , Fujitsu
National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Japan

9 SuperMUC-NG - ThinkSystem SD650, Xeon Platinum 8174 24C 3.1GHz, Intel Omni-Path , Lenovo, Leibniz Rechenzentrum Germany

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10 Lassen - IBM Power System AC922, IBM POWER9 22C 3.1GHz, Dual-rail Mellanox EDR Infiniband, NVIDIA Tesla V100 , IBM / NVIDIA / Mellanox, DOE/NNSA/LLNL, United States

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Expected and important Computer full forms asked in for government Exams

2018-08-05T18:39:00.002+05:30

Expected and important abbreviation( Computer full forms ) asked in for gov.Exams
ANSI—American National Standards Institute
ARPANET—Advanced Research Projects Agency Network
ASCII—American Standard Code for Information Interchange
ISCII— Indian Standard Code for Information Interchange
ASP—Active Server Pages
BASIC—Beginner's All-Purpose Symbolic Instruction Code
CDMA—Code Division Multiple Access
CD-R—CD-Recordable
CD-RW—CD-Rewritable
COBOL—Common Business-Oriented Language
DBMS—Database Management System
DVD—Digital Versatile Disc or Digital Video Disc
ENIAC—Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer
EDSAC—Electronic Delay Storage Automatic Calculator
EDVAC—Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer
EEPROM—Electronically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory
EPROM—Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory
FDD—Floppy Disk Drive
GUI—Graphical User Interface
HDD—Hard Disk Drive
HTML—Hypertext Markup Language
HTTP—Hypertext Transfer Protocol
HTTPs—Secure Hypertext Transport Protocol
ISO—International Organization for Standardization
ISP—Internet Service Provider
Kb—Kilobit
KB—Kilobyte
LCD—Liquid Crystal Display
LIFO—Last In First Out
MAC—Media Access Control
MAPI—Messaging Application Programming Interface
MTA—Mail Transfer Agent
OSS—Open-Source Software
PAN—Personal Area Network
PERL—Practical Extraction and Reporting Language
USB—Universal Serial Bus
VLAN—Virtual Local Area
RDBMS–Relational Database Management System
XML–Extensible Markup Language
ASP–Active Server Pages
API–Application Programming Interfaces
CSS–Cascading Style Sheets
ASCII–American Standard Code For Information Interchange
XSL- Extensible Style Sheet Language
AVI – Audio Video Interleaved
CDA – Compact Disk Audio
DLL – Dynamik Link Library
JPEG – Joint Photographic Expert Group
VHF – Very High Frequency.
UHF – Ultra High Frequency.
ALU- Arithmetic Logic Unit
URL – Uniform Resource Locator.
AMD – Advance Micro Device
ASPI – Advacne Scsi Programming Interface
ASIC – Application Specific Integrated Circuit
USB – Universal Serial Bus.
VIRUS – Vital Information Resource Under Seized.
MIME–Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions
JAD – Java Application Development
MIDI – Musical Instrument Digital Interface
MPEG – Motion Picture Experts Group
PDF – Portable Document Format
SQL—Structured Query Language
SRAM—Static Random Access Memory
TTL—Transistor-Transistor Logic
UML—Unified Modeling Language
RAID—Redundant Array of Independent Disks
RDBMS—Relational Database Management System
RISC—Reduced Instruction Set Computer
GIF – Graphics Interchange Format

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2018-08-01T00:08:00.000+05:30

Computer Times

Swapping Two Numbers Without & With Using Third Variable in C Language

Swapping Two Numbers Without & With Using Third Variable in C || By Dinesh Lohiya Sir

120 Hours computer course certificate:

120 Hours Computer Course Syllabus :

C Language Program

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Differences Between Compiler and Interpreter

Compiler and Interpreter Differences

Compiler :

Interpreter :

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Storage Class in c Language

Storage Class in C Language :

1. Static Variables

2. Extern

3. Auto

4. Register

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#Storage Class in C Language

Life Give Chance but only limited times #motivational..!!!!

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C Programming Language and its Features | Learn Beginners

C Programming Language and its features

Important Features of C:- Some feature are given below

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What is Loops in C language

Looping in C Language

The while loop-:

and its functionality is simply to repeat statements while the condition set in expression is true. For example, we are going to make a program to countdown using a while-loop:

// custom countdown using while

#include <stdio.h>

Other examples of while loop -:

The for loop

output will be:10 9 87654321 Welcome to c ! The initialization and increase fields are optional. They can remain empty, but in all cases, the semicolon signs between them must be written. For example we could write: for (;n<10;)

{

statement1

}

Optionally, using the comma operator (,) we can specify more than one expression in any of the fields included in a for loop, like in initialization, for example. The comma operator (,) is an expression separator.for ( n=0, i=100 ; n!=i ; n++, i-- )

{

printf(“\n Hello”);

}

n starts with a value of 0, and i with 100, the condition is n != i (that n is not equal to i). Because n is increased by one and i decreased by one, the loop's condition will become false after the 50th loop when both n and i will be equal to 50.that is the hello will be printing on 50 times.

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output will be:10 9 87654321 Welcome to c ! The initialization and increase fields are optional. They can remain empty, but in all cases, the semicolon signs between them must be written. For example we could write:
for (;n<10;)

Optionally, using the comma operator (,) we can specify more than one expression in any of the fields included in a for loop, like in initialization, for example. The comma operator (,) is an expression separator.
for ( n=0, i=100 ; n!=i ; n++, i-- )

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