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<?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" media="screen" href="/~d/styles/atom10full.xsl"?><?xml-stylesheet type="text/css" media="screen" href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~d/styles/itemcontent.css"?><feed xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom" xmlns:openSearch="http://a9.com/-/spec/opensearch/1.1/" xmlns:georss="http://www.georss.org/georss" xmlns:gd="http://schemas.google.com/g/2005" xmlns:thr="http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0" xmlns:feedburner="http://rssnamespace.org/feedburner/ext/1.0" gd:etag="W/&quot;CkEBRns9fyp7ImA9WhRbGU0.&quot;"><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1685427845194108708</id><updated>2012-02-10T11:04:17.567-08:00</updated><category term="GIS" /><category term="Calidad de Aire" /><category term="Twitter" /><category term="Buenos aires" /><category term="Tu puedes" /><category term="Air Pollution" /><category term="Emissions Inventories" /><category term="NetCoalition" /><category term="Geomatica" /><category term="Dióxido de Azufre" /><category term="SARIMA" /><category term="Statistics" /><category term="Tensor" /><category term="Chaitén" /><category term="Democracia" /><category term="Matter" /><category term="Series de tiempo" /><category term="Anonymous" /><category term="Silt" /><category term="Atmósfera" /><category term="Concón" /><category term="Flujo vehicular" /><category term="Polvo Resuspendido" /><category term="Plot" /><category term="CO" /><category term="Environment" /><category term="particulate matter" /><category term="IVE" /><category term="Santiago" /><category term="Pudahuel" /><category term="proyeccion" /><category term="Vehiculares" /><category term="Google Earth" /><category term="GAM" /><category term="Vamos que se puede" /><category term="Particulate" /><category term="Geoestadística" /><category term="O3" /><category term="Copert" /><category term="Environmental Jutice" /><category term="ANOVA" /><category term="fuentes móviles" /><category term="PM10" /><category term="GLOBAL MAPPER" /><category term="Monóxido de Carbono" /><category term="Geomática" /><category term="ultrafine" /><category term="Proyección" /><category term="Dunas" /><category term="Rstats" /><category term="Carreteras" /><category term="Atmosphere" /><category term="Emissions" /><category term="MOTIVACION" /><category term="Si se Puede" /><category term="Vamos" /><category term="fine" /><category term="ARCGIS" /><category term="Estadística" /><category term="Injusticia Ambiental" /><category term="Protest" /><category term="Pasajeros" /><category term="Google" /><category term="UK" /><category term="Medio Ambiente" /><category term="Educacion" /><category term="diesel" /><category term="Sudamerica" /><category term="SIG" /><category term="Emisiones" /><category term="MP10" /><category term="SO2" /><category term="Aeropuertos" /><category term="Material Particulado" /><category term="vehicles vehiculares" /><category term="MODEM" /><category term="Openair" /><category term="Salud ambiental" /><category term="RASTER" /><category term="ARIMA" /><category term="GEO" /><category term="Chemistry" /><category term="googleVis" /><category term="Vehicles" /><category term="Química" /><category term="Carrera" /><category term="Inventarios de Emisiones" /><category term="Health effects of air pollution" /><category term="Megaupload" /><category term="2015" /><category term="Contaminción Atmosférica" /><category term="Ozono" /><category term="Capa de Ozono" /><category term="R" /><category term="Volcán" /><title>El Conocimiento Es Libre</title><subtitle type="html" /><link rel="http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#feed" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://sergioibarra.blogspot.com/feeds/posts/default" /><link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://sergioibarra.blogspot.com/" /><link rel="next" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1685427845194108708/posts/default?start-index=26&amp;max-results=25&amp;redirect=false&amp;v=2" /><author><name>Sergio Ibarra</name><uri>https://profiles.google.com/103315806903577475091</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel="http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail" width="32" height="32" src="//lh3.googleusercontent.com/-nvgsStOkP1w/AAAAAAAAAAI/AAAAAAAABc0/nmsnga3B1LE/s512-c/photo.jpg" /></author><generator version="7.00" uri="http://www.blogger.com">Blogger</generator><openSearch:totalResults>29</openSearch:totalResults><openSearch:startIndex>1</openSearch:startIndex><openSearch:itemsPerPage>25</openSearch:itemsPerPage><atom10:link xmlns:atom10="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom" rel="self" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/ContaminacinAtmosfricaEstadsticaGeomticaYReflexiones" /><feedburner:info uri="contaminacinatmosfricaestadsticageomticayreflexiones" /><atom10:link xmlns:atom10="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom" rel="hub" href="http://pubsubhubbub.appspot.com/" /><feedburner:emailServiceId>ContaminacinAtmosfricaEstadsticaGeomticaYReflexiones</feedburner:emailServiceId><feedburner:feedburnerHostname>http://feedburner.google.com</feedburner:feedburnerHostname><entry gd:etag="W/&quot;DUACSXY9eCp7ImA9WhRUEEs.&quot;"><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1685427845194108708.post-8991456964988111153</id><published>2012-01-20T05:52:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2012-01-20T05:56:08.860-08:00</updated><app:edited xmlns:app="http://www.w3.org/2007/app">2012-01-20T05:56:08.860-08:00</app:edited><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Protest" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Anonymous" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="NetCoalition" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Megaupload" /><title>"Gobierno Mundial de los Estados Unidos..." STOP SOPA! STOP PIPA!</title><content type="html">&lt;div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"&gt;
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&lt;img alt="megaupload" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-BqFJ_gvdC6Y/TuetjWdD6MI/AAAAAAAAAtY/JtJFL372Y7I/s320/megaupload_logo.jpg" /&gt;
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Todos los que creemos en la libertad de conocimiento y en la libertad de Internet nos hemos visto golpeados con el cierre de &lt;a href="http://www.megaupload.com/" target="_blank"&gt;Megaupload&lt;/a&gt; por parte del &lt;a href="http://www.elmundo.es/elmundo/2012/01/19/navegante/1327002605.html" target="_blank"&gt;FBI&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;de los Estados Unidos de Norte América. Esta acción se realiza dentro del contexto de las protestas mundiales en contra de la aprobación de: Acta en contra de la Pirateria Online (&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stop_Online_Piracy_Act" target="_blank"&gt;Stop Online Piracy Act; SOPA&lt;/a&gt;) y el Acta para Proteger la Propiedad Intelectual (&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protect_Intellectual_Property_Act" target="_blank"&gt;Protect Intelectual Property Act; PIPA&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-pAuja2j2VBM/TxlwObsuDJI/AAAAAAAADlA/7nZvwvuavtk/s1600/netcoallition.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="97" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-pAuja2j2VBM/TxlwObsuDJI/AAAAAAAADlA/7nZvwvuavtk/s320/netcoallition.png" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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Para detener la aprobación de estas leyes del que parece que es el &lt;b&gt;"GOBIERNO MUNDIAL DE LOS ESTADOS UNIDOS"&lt;/b&gt;, se han unido Google, Twitter, Paypal, Amazon, EBAY, Bloomberg, WIKIPEDIA y otros en la Coalición de la Red (&lt;a href="http://www.netcoalition.com/who-we-are/" target="_blank"&gt;NET Coalition&lt;/a&gt;) &lt;a href="http://www.netcoalition.com/who-we-are/" target="_blank"&gt;cuya agenda &lt;/a&gt;incluye:&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;ul style="text-align: left;"&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Promover derechos de autor, marcas y protección de los datos &lt;b&gt;balanceados&lt;/b&gt; en Estados Unidos e Internacionalmente&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Preservar el regimen legal de compañías que se inspiren en la innovación y apoyen la existencia de aplicaciones &amp;nbsp;y servicios orientadas a los consumidores libres de regulaciones que imponen responsabilidad excesiva a las empresas host, y localizar y facilitar el acceso a contenidos en Internet.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Promover las políticas de protección del consumidor que facilitan decisiones bien informadas de los consumidores respecto la accesibilidad de información personal en Internet.&lt;/li&gt;
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&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-jPcyNZkHU0w/TxlxfhUFuwI/AAAAAAAADlI/0h-UN7N8a-c/s1600/anonymous-logo-14.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="315" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-jPcyNZkHU0w/TxlxfhUFuwI/AAAAAAAADlI/0h-UN7N8a-c/s320/anonymous-logo-14.jpg" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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En respuesta el colectivo de activistas de Internet&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="https://twitter.com/#!/search/%23Anonymous" target="_blank"&gt;#Anonymous&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;asegura que &lt;a href="http://resumen.cl/index.php?option=com_content&amp;amp;view=article&amp;amp;id=5155:respuesta-al-cierre-de-megaupload-anonymous-lanza-el-mayor-ciberataque-de-la-historia-contra-ee-uu-y-la-industria-musical-&amp;amp;catid=19:conocimiento-libre&amp;amp;Itemid=63&amp;amp;utm_medium=twitter&amp;amp;utm_source=indymediaCL" target="_blank"&gt;dará el mayor ataque de su historia contra sitios web de Estados Unidos y la Industria Musical&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Creo que la propuesta de SOPA y PIPA tienen un alcance global de tal magnitud e importancia que nos concierne a todos los que usamos Internet como forma de expresión del conocimiento libre. Esto es algo similar al problema de la educación en Chile, sólo los que tengan el dinero podrán acceder a los contenidos y al conocimiento. Por eso considero que las acciones de protesta tienen que traspasar Internet, dejar la máscara de Anonymous y salir a la calle, de forma pacífica, demostrando el enojo y rabia en contra de estas propuestas, en todo el mundo.&lt;br /&gt;
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Algunos dichos de Mahatma Ghandi:&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;i&gt;Cuando una ley es injusta, lo correcto es desobedecer&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;i&gt;No hay camino a la libertad, la libertad es el camino&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;i&gt;No hay camino para la paz, la paz es el camino&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;i&gt;Los grilletes de oro son mucho peores que los de hierro&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1685427845194108708-8991456964988111153?l=sergioibarra.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/ContaminacinAtmosfricaEstadsticaGeomticaYReflexiones/~4/MnwlgrA9kF8" height="1" width="1"/&gt;</content><link rel="replies" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://sergioibarra.blogspot.com/feeds/8991456964988111153/comments/default" title="Enviar comentarios" /><link rel="replies" type="text/html" href="http://sergioibarra.blogspot.com/2012/01/gobierno-mundial-de-los-estados-unidos.html#comment-form" title="0 comentarios" /><link rel="edit" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1685427845194108708/posts/default/8991456964988111153?v=2" /><link rel="self" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1685427845194108708/posts/default/8991456964988111153?v=2" /><link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/ContaminacinAtmosfricaEstadsticaGeomticaYReflexiones/~3/MnwlgrA9kF8/gobierno-mundial-de-los-estados-unidos.html" title="&quot;Gobierno Mundial de los Estados Unidos...&quot; STOP SOPA! STOP PIPA!" /><author><name>Sergio Ibarra</name><uri>https://profiles.google.com/103315806903577475091</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel="http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail" width="32" height="32" src="//lh3.googleusercontent.com/-nvgsStOkP1w/AAAAAAAAAAI/AAAAAAAABc0/nmsnga3B1LE/s512-c/photo.jpg" /></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-BqFJ_gvdC6Y/TuetjWdD6MI/AAAAAAAAAtY/JtJFL372Y7I/s72-c/megaupload_logo.jpg" height="72" width="72" /><thr:total>0</thr:total><feedburner:origLink>http://sergioibarra.blogspot.com/2012/01/gobierno-mundial-de-los-estados-unidos.html</feedburner:origLink></entry><entry gd:etag="W/&quot;Ck4NQnszeCp7ImA9WhRVEEs.&quot;"><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1685427845194108708.post-5249842841260608889</id><published>2012-01-08T00:27:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2012-01-08T14:16:33.580-08:00</updated><app:edited xmlns:app="http://www.w3.org/2007/app">2012-01-08T14:16:33.580-08:00</app:edited><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="O3" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Ozono" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="PM10" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="MP10" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Democracia" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Openair" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Rstats" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="R" /><title>¿Democracia Ambiental entre Pudahuel y Las Condes? Calidad de Aire en Santiago usando OpenAir</title><content type="html">&lt;div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"&gt;
Estuve trabajando para una tarea de &lt;a href="https://www.u-cursos.cl/ingenieria/2011/2/GF3022/1/historial/" target="_blank"&gt;Contaminación Atmosférica&lt;/a&gt; con mi profesora &lt;a href="http://www.dim.uchile.cl/~lgallard/LauraCV.htm" target="_blank"&gt;Laura Gallardo&lt;/a&gt; del &lt;a href="http://www.cmm.uchile.cl/" target="_blank"&gt;CMM &lt;/a&gt;de la &lt;a href="http://www.uchile.cl/" target="_blank"&gt;Universidad de Chile&lt;/a&gt; y no encontré mejor ocasión para ocupar las librerías &lt;a href="http://www.openair-project.org/" target="_blank"&gt;OpenAir &lt;/a&gt;desarroladas por &lt;a href="http://www.erg.kcl.ac.uk/WhosWho/DrDavidCarslaw.aspx?DeptID=WhosWho" target="_blank"&gt;David Carslaw&lt;/a&gt; del &lt;a href="http://www.kcl.ac.uk/index.aspx" target="_blank"&gt;King's Collegue London&lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="http://www.its.leeds.ac.uk/people/staffProfile/?personId=89539" target="_blank"&gt;Karl Ropkins&lt;/a&gt; de &lt;a href="http://www.leeds.ac.uk/" target="_blank"&gt;University of Leeds&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;
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En esta presentación solo me concentraré en presentar la librería openair, y algunas de sus asombrosas funciones.&lt;/div&gt;
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Partimos por lo primero:&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
Ingresamos al &lt;a href="http://sinca.mma.gob.cl/index.php/region/index/id/M" target="_blank"&gt;SINCA&lt;/a&gt; y bajamos datos, yo bajé de Las Condes y Pudahuel, PM10, PM2.5, O3 y Velocidad del Viento del año 2011. La Dirección no estaba disponible lamentablemente, y por eso no pudo ser posible realizar algunos análisis&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style="color: #6aa84f; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;#Estoy usando RStudio, es genial!&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;library(openair)
&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"&gt;
&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;setwd("c:/data")&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"&gt;
&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-size: x-small;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;aire&amp;lt;-import("2011.csv",
date.name="fecha", time.name="fecha")&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"&gt;
&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
date1&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; date2&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; o3lc&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
pm10lc&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; pm23lc&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; wslc&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
pm10p&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; pm25p &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;"POSIXct"&amp;nbsp; "POSIXt" "numeric"
"numeric" "numeric" "numeric" "numeric"
"numeric" &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
o3p&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; wsp &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: x-small;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;"&gt;"numeric" "numeric" &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Lucida Console';"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style="color: #6aa84f; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;#Los datos están en &lt;a href="http://aire.cenma.cl/sibarra/wp-content/uploads/2012/01/2011.csv" target="_blank"&gt;online&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style="color: #6aa84f; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;#puedes intentar los siguiente&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style="color: blue; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;aire&amp;lt;-read.csv(url("http://aire.cenma.cl/sibarra/wp-content/uploads/2012/01/2011.csv"))&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style="color: #6aa84f; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;#Y luego importar a openair, no lo he hecho así&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style="color: #6aa84f; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;#Es muy importane el orden de los datos para importar con openair&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="color: #6aa84f; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;#Lo mas fácil es mantener el formato "d/m/y H:M"&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"&gt;
&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="color: #6aa84f; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;#Además la opción date.name y time.name indica el nombre de la columna que&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"&gt;
&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="color: #6aa84f; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;#tiene la fecha y la hora, en este caso la misma columna, mas fácil&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"&gt;
&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;attach(aire)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"&gt;
&lt;span style="color: blue; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;names(aire)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"&gt;
&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;[1] "date"&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; "o3lc"&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; "pm10lc" "pm23lc"
"wslc"&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; "pm10p"&amp;nbsp; "pm25p"&amp;nbsp; "o3p"&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"&gt;
&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;[9] "wsp"&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"&gt;
&lt;span style="color: #6aa84f; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;#En mi hoja de datos la variable fecha tiene el nombre de "fecha"&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"&gt;
&lt;span style="color: #6aa84f; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;#pero una vez que es reconocido en openair, cambia a date&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"&gt;
&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;head(aire)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"&gt;
&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; date&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; o3lc pm10lc pm23lc&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; wslc pm10p pm25p&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; o3p&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
wsp&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"&gt;
&lt;span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;1 2011-01-01 00:00:00 10.920&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
23.0&amp;nbsp; 14.92 0.6695&amp;nbsp; 27.5 11.75 7.564 1.143&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"&gt;
&lt;span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2 2011-01-01 01:00:00&amp;nbsp; 1.247&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 48.5&amp;nbsp;
26.08 0.9834&amp;nbsp; 45.5 17.33&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; NA 1.096&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"&gt;
&lt;span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;3 2011-01-01 02:00:00&amp;nbsp; 1.247&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 46.5&amp;nbsp;
27.92 0.9106&amp;nbsp; 44.5 14.00&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; NA 1.252&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"&gt;
&lt;span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;4 2011-01-01 03:00:00&amp;nbsp; 1.908&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 36.5&amp;nbsp;
24.83 0.9791&amp;nbsp; 40.0 17.00&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; NA 1.455&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"&gt;
&lt;span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;5 2011-01-01 04:00:00&amp;nbsp; 5.959&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 39.0&amp;nbsp;
18.92 2.0230&amp;nbsp; 30.0 14.00 1.360
1.492&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"&gt;
&lt;span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;6 2011-01-01 05:00:00 11.500&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
34.5&amp;nbsp; 17.00 1.2390&amp;nbsp; 29.0 10.42&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
NA 1.505&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"&gt;
&lt;span style="color: #6aa84f; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;#Ahora estamos listos para empezar&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"&gt;
&lt;span style="color: blue; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;timePlot(aire,pollutant=c("pm10p","pm10lc"),lwd=4,lty=1,
main="MP10 en Pudahuel y Las Condes (ug/m^3)")&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"&gt;
&lt;span style="color: #6aa84f; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;#Se aprecian mayores concentraciones en Pudahuel&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;
&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-pM5Mi_zpmfs/TwlM-BKlh4I/AAAAAAAADgA/tlxYiSGGdjg/s1600/Rplot12.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="371" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-pM5Mi_zpmfs/TwlM-BKlh4I/AAAAAAAADgA/tlxYiSGGdjg/s640/Rplot12.png" width="640" /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"&gt;
&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;
&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"&gt;
&lt;span style="color: blue; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;timePlot(aire,pollutant=c("pm25p","pm25lc"),lwd=4,lty=1,
main="PM2.5 en Pudahuel y Las Condes (ug/m^3)")&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"&gt;
&lt;span style="color: #6aa84f; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;##Se aprecian mayores concentraciones en Pudahuel&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;
&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-CL8M4qPjcRc/TwlNHXYPLXI/AAAAAAAADgI/oTDEzb5Xdwc/s1600/Rplot11.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="372" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-CL8M4qPjcRc/TwlNHXYPLXI/AAAAAAAADgI/oTDEzb5Xdwc/s640/Rplot11.png" width="640" /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;
&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;pre&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class="gd40030ccr"&gt;&lt;span style="color: blue;"&gt;timePlot(aire,pollutant=c(o3p","o3lc"),lwd=4,lty=1, main="O3 en Pudahuel y Las Condes (ppb)")&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;pre&gt;&lt;span class="gd40030ccr" style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="color: #6aa84f; white-space: normal;"&gt;#Se aprecian mayores concentraciones en Las Condes&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;
&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Gj3vbVJhseQ/TwlNWKLwjrI/AAAAAAAADgQ/fQjsAMJ-rC4/s1600/Rplot13.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="372" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Gj3vbVJhseQ/TwlNWKLwjrI/AAAAAAAADgQ/fQjsAMJ-rC4/s640/Rplot13.png" width="640" /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;
&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;
&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;pre&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 0px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: separate; white-space: normal;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small; line-height: 17px; white-space: pre-wrap;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;pre class="GD40030CLR" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; line-height: 1.3; outline-color: initial; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; white-space: pre-wrap !important;" tabindex="0"&gt;&lt;span class="GD40030CCR ace_keyword" style="color: blue;"&gt;timePlot(aire,pollutant=c("pm10p","pm10lc"),lwd=4,lty=1, main="PM10 en Pudahuel y Las Condes (ug/m^3)", group=T, avg.time="month")&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;pre class="GD40030CLR" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; line-height: 1.3; outline-color: initial; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; white-space: pre-wrap !important;" tabindex="0"&gt;&lt;span class="GD40030CCR ace_keyword" style="color: #6aa84f;"&gt;#Es claro como se alcanzan mayores concentraciones de PM10 en Pudahuel&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;
&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-KAWqLgIe9xE/TwlPHBHICZI/AAAAAAAADgY/bJvdE7hBexk/s1600/Rplot24.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="542" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-KAWqLgIe9xE/TwlPHBHICZI/AAAAAAAADgY/bJvdE7hBexk/s640/Rplot24.png" width="640" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;pre class="GD40030CLR" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; line-height: 1.3; outline-color: initial; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; white-space: pre-wrap !important;" tabindex="0"&gt;&lt;span class="GD40030CCR ace_keyword" style="color: blue;"&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;pre&gt;&lt;span class="gd40030ccr"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 0px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: separate;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;pre class="GD40030CLR" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; line-height: 1.3; outline-color: initial; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; white-space: pre-wrap !important;" tabindex="0"&gt;&lt;span class="GD40030CCR ace_keyword" style="color: blue;"&gt;timePlot(aire,pollutant=c("pm25p","pm25lc"),lwd=4,lty=1, main="PM2.5 en Pudahuel y Las Condes (ug/m^3)", group=T, avg.time="month")&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;pre class="GD40030CLR" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; line-height: 1.3; outline-color: initial; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; white-space: pre-wrap !important;" tabindex="0"&gt;&lt;span class="GD40030CCR ace_keyword" style="color: #6aa84f;"&gt;#Sucede lo mismo con el PM2.5 que con el PM10&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; line-height: 17px; text-align: center; white-space: pre-wrap;"&gt;
&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-oxEy5tUGk9c/TwlPXMCE37I/AAAAAAAADgg/DpOEVRIaUxk/s1600/Rplot25.png" imageanchor="1" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center; white-space: normal;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="543" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-oxEy5tUGk9c/TwlPXMCE37I/AAAAAAAADgg/DpOEVRIaUxk/s640/Rplot25.png" width="640" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;pre class="GD40030CLR" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; line-height: 1.3; outline-color: initial; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; white-space: pre-wrap !important;" tabindex="0"&gt;&lt;span class="GD40030CCR ace_keyword" style="color: blue;"&gt;

&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;pre class="GD40030CLR" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; outline-color: initial; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial;" tabindex="0"&gt;&lt;span class="GD40030CCR ace_keyword" style="line-height: 1.3; white-space: pre-wrap !important;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 0px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: separate; line-height: normal; white-space: normal;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 17px; white-space: pre-wrap;"&gt;&lt;pre class="GD40030CLR" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; color: blue; line-height: 1.3; outline-color: initial; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; white-space: pre-wrap !important;" tabindex="0"&gt;&lt;span class="GD40030CCR ace_keyword" style="color: blue;"&gt;timePlot(aire,pollutant=c("o3p","o3lc"),lwd=4,lty=1, main="O3 en Pudahuel y Las Condes (ppb)", group=T, avg.time="month")&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;span style="color: blue;"&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;pre class="GD40030CLR" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; line-height: 1.3; outline-color: initial; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; white-space: pre-wrap !important;" tabindex="0"&gt;&lt;span class="GD40030CCR ace_keyword" style="color: #6aa84f;"&gt;#Para el caso del Ozono, se aprecian mayores concentraciones en Las Condes, pero #en invierno mayores en Pudahuel.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-UVk5KqEL8YM/TwlPtTgfnzI/AAAAAAAADgo/EyoSu5mS6XI/s1600/Rplot26.png" imageanchor="1" style="color: blue; line-height: 1.3; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="543" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-UVk5KqEL8YM/TwlPtTgfnzI/AAAAAAAADgo/EyoSu5mS6XI/s640/Rplot26.png" width="640" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;span style="color: blue;"&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;
&lt;span class="gd40030ccr"&gt;&lt;span style="color: blue; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small; line-height: 115%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;calendarPlot(aire,pollutant="pm10p",
year=2011)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;
&lt;span class="gd40030ccr"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #6aa84f; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small; line-height: 115%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;#Esta función es muy gráfica, y permite ver los dias con diferente promedio&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;
&lt;span class="gd40030ccr"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #6aa84f; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small; line-height: 115%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;#diarios de contaminación, PM10 en este caso&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;
&lt;span class="gd40030ccr"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #6aa84f; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small; line-height: 115%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;#Acá se ve como se alcanzan promedios diarios superiores a 250 (ug/m^3)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;
&lt;span style="color: #6aa84f; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class="gd40030ccr"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 115%;"&gt;#En Mayo, Junio y Julio,&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 14px;"&gt;que es un valor alto y dañino a la salud&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;
&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;
&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;
&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-3l-UvS0fkNI/TwlP6gHFodI/AAAAAAAADgw/16cHIALZsjc/s1600/Rplot17.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="456" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-3l-UvS0fkNI/TwlP6gHFodI/AAAAAAAADgw/16cHIALZsjc/s640/Rplot17.png" width="640" /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;
&lt;span class="gd40030ccr"&gt;&lt;span style="color: blue; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small; line-height: 115%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;calendarPlot(aire,pollutant="o3lc",
year=2011)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;
&lt;span class="gd40030ccr"&gt;&lt;span style="color: blue; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small; line-height: 115%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;#Caso contrario, el Ozono en Las Condes indica que el máximo promedio diario&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;
&lt;span class="gd40030ccr"&gt;&lt;span style="color: blue; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small; line-height: 115%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;#se da a los 40 (ppb), que es un valor alto y dañino a la salud&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;
&lt;span class="gd40030ccr"&gt;&lt;span style="color: blue; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small; line-height: 115%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;
&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-J_596t9H1hA/TwlQBAQxlTI/AAAAAAAADg4/NI0fdccnmEo/s1600/Rplot18.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="426" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-J_596t9H1hA/TwlQBAQxlTI/AAAAAAAADg4/NI0fdccnmEo/s640/Rplot18.png" width="640" /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;
&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;
&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;span style="color: blue; line-height: 115%;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;pre&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class="gd40030ccr"&gt;&lt;span style="color: blue;"&gt;timeVariation(aire,pollutant=c("o3lc","o3p"), ylab="Concentración (ppb)", main="Concentraciones de O3 en Las Condes y Pudahuel")&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;pre&gt;&lt;span class="gd40030ccr"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #6aa84f; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;#En esta gráfica se vé cláramente como en Las Condes&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;pre&gt;&lt;span class="gd40030ccr"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #6aa84f; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;#se alcanzan mayores superiores de Ozono que en Pudahuel&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;
&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;
&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-i0rMJy4KqvQ/TwlQTRlWY4I/AAAAAAAADhA/xFgHlE8HJ8E/s1600/Rplot20.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="426" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-i0rMJy4KqvQ/TwlQTRlWY4I/AAAAAAAADhA/xFgHlE8HJ8E/s640/Rplot20.png" width="640" /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;
&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;
&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;pre&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class="gd40030ccr"&gt;&lt;span style="color: blue;"&gt;timeVariation(aire,pollutant=c("pm10lc","pm10p"), ylab="Concentración (ppb)", main="Concentraciones de PM10 en Las Condes y Pudahuel")&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;pre&gt;&lt;span class="gd40030ccr"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #6aa84f; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;#Caso contrario, se aprecian mayores concentraciones de PM10&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;pre&gt;&lt;span class="gd40030ccr"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #6aa84f; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;#En Pudahuel, que en Las Condes&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;
&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;
&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-Ax5Ys7wqIJg/TwlQe8XkVFI/AAAAAAAADhI/6klPVqI0-nU/s1600/Rplot21.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="426" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-Ax5Ys7wqIJg/TwlQe8XkVFI/AAAAAAAADhI/6klPVqI0-nU/s640/Rplot21.png" width="640" /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;
&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;pre&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class="gd40030ccr"&gt;&lt;span style="color: blue;"&gt;trendLevel(aire,pollutant="pm25p",y="wsp", main="Velocidad del Viento y PM2.5 en Pudahuel")&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;pre&gt;&lt;span class="gd40030ccr"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #6aa84f; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;#Este gráfico es muy ilustrativo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;pre&gt;&lt;span class="gd40030ccr"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #6aa84f; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;#En él se ve como altos promedios diarios de PM2.5 se alcanzan&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;pre&gt;&lt;span class="gd40030ccr"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #6aa84f; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;#A velocidades bajas, que varían desde la calma&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;pre&gt;&lt;span class="gd40030ccr"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #6aa84f; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;#hasta 1 (m/s) aproximadamente&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;
&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;
&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-k8wJ3Lm3hDE/TwlQmi6jTOI/AAAAAAAADhQ/Z3OiBLFGB2A/s1600/Rplot22.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="426" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-k8wJ3Lm3hDE/TwlQmi6jTOI/AAAAAAAADhQ/Z3OiBLFGB2A/s640/Rplot22.png" width="640" /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;
&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;pre&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class="gd40030ccr"&gt;&lt;span style="color: blue;"&gt;corPlot(aire, type="season")&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;pre&gt;&lt;span class="gd40030ccr"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #6aa84f; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;#Finalmente, esta función permite obtener un correlograma&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;pre&gt;&lt;span class="gd40030ccr"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #6aa84f; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;#bastante sencillo, en donde por ejemplo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;pre&gt;&lt;span class="gd40030ccr"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #6aa84f; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;#el PM10 de Pudahuel tiene R^2=81 con el PM2.5 de Pudahuel&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;pre&gt;&lt;span class="gd40030ccr"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #6aa84f; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;#Sin embargo, con el PM10 de Las Condes R^2 es 30, en primavera&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;pre&gt;&lt;span class="gd40030ccr"&gt;&lt;span style="color: blue; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;
&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;pre&gt;&lt;span class="gd40030ccr"&gt;&lt;span style="color: blue; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;
&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;
&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-Cb7uwh5E478/TwlQrMPyI1I/AAAAAAAADhY/82uJBHbkHgc/s1600/Rplot23.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="640" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-Cb7uwh5E478/TwlQrMPyI1I/AAAAAAAADhY/82uJBHbkHgc/s640/Rplot23.png" width="640" /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;pre&gt;&lt;span style="color: blue; font-family: 'Lucida Console';"&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;
Una de las conclusiones es la democracia ambiental entre el PM10-PM2.5 y O3 en Pudahuel y Las Condes. Mientras en el sector poniente de la capital se alcanzan valores críticos y "visibles" sobre las normas, en verano tambien se alcanzan valores críticos, pero en el sector oriente, y es "invisible".&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;
Encontré que esta librería es muy ilustrativa, permite comunicar los resultados de forma fácil y sobre todo, es muy fácil de usar. Espero ir a KCL a hacer mi doctorado. Ahí estoy en conversaciones!&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1685427845194108708-5249842841260608889?l=sergioibarra.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/ContaminacinAtmosfricaEstadsticaGeomticaYReflexiones/~4/P2xoi2khpxw" height="1" width="1"/&gt;</content><link rel="replies" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://sergioibarra.blogspot.com/feeds/5249842841260608889/comments/default" title="Enviar comentarios" /><link rel="replies" type="text/html" href="http://sergioibarra.blogspot.com/2012/01/calidad-de-aire-en-santiago-usando.html#comment-form" title="2 comentarios" /><link rel="edit" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1685427845194108708/posts/default/5249842841260608889?v=2" /><link rel="self" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1685427845194108708/posts/default/5249842841260608889?v=2" /><link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/ContaminacinAtmosfricaEstadsticaGeomticaYReflexiones/~3/P2xoi2khpxw/calidad-de-aire-en-santiago-usando.html" title="¿Democracia Ambiental entre Pudahuel y Las Condes? Calidad de Aire en Santiago usando OpenAir" /><author><name>Sergio Ibarra</name><uri>https://profiles.google.com/103315806903577475091</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel="http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail" width="32" height="32" src="//lh3.googleusercontent.com/-nvgsStOkP1w/AAAAAAAAAAI/AAAAAAAABc0/nmsnga3B1LE/s512-c/photo.jpg" /></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-pM5Mi_zpmfs/TwlM-BKlh4I/AAAAAAAADgA/tlxYiSGGdjg/s72-c/Rplot12.png" height="72" width="72" /><thr:total>2</thr:total><feedburner:origLink>http://sergioibarra.blogspot.com/2012/01/calidad-de-aire-en-santiago-usando.html</feedburner:origLink></entry><entry gd:etag="W/&quot;CUUBQ3Y_eCp7ImA9WhRWF00.&quot;"><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1685427845194108708.post-8084327800920610914</id><published>2012-01-04T10:54:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2012-01-04T10:54:12.840-08:00</updated><app:edited xmlns:app="http://www.w3.org/2007/app">2012-01-04T10:54:12.840-08:00</app:edited><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Dunas" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Concón" /><title>Salvemos las dunas de Concón</title><content type="html">&lt;div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"&gt;
&lt;div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="338" mozallowfullscreen="" src="http://player.vimeo.com/video/34001655?title=0&amp;amp;byline=0&amp;amp;portrait=0" webkitallowfullscreen="" width="601"&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href="http://vimeo.com/34001655"&gt;Salvemos las dunas de Concón&lt;/a&gt; from &lt;a href="http://vimeo.com/reddunalibre"&gt;Red Duna Libre&lt;/a&gt; on &lt;a href="http://vimeo.com/"&gt;Vimeo&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style="background-color: white; color: #929388; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 18px;"&gt;by&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://vimeo.com/reddunalibre" style="background-color: white; color: #2786c2; cursor: pointer; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 18px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: none;"&gt;Red Duna Libre&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1685427845194108708-8084327800920610914?l=sergioibarra.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/ContaminacinAtmosfricaEstadsticaGeomticaYReflexiones/~4/hs7kHyzTrSc" height="1" width="1"/&gt;</content><link rel="replies" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://sergioibarra.blogspot.com/feeds/8084327800920610914/comments/default" title="Enviar comentarios" /><link rel="replies" type="text/html" href="http://sergioibarra.blogspot.com/2012/01/salvemos-las-dunas-de-concon.html#comment-form" title="0 comentarios" /><link rel="edit" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1685427845194108708/posts/default/8084327800920610914?v=2" /><link rel="self" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1685427845194108708/posts/default/8084327800920610914?v=2" /><link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/ContaminacinAtmosfricaEstadsticaGeomticaYReflexiones/~3/hs7kHyzTrSc/salvemos-las-dunas-de-concon.html" title="Salvemos las dunas de Concón" /><author><name>Sergio Ibarra</name><uri>https://profiles.google.com/103315806903577475091</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel="http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail" width="32" height="32" src="//lh3.googleusercontent.com/-nvgsStOkP1w/AAAAAAAAAAI/AAAAAAAABc0/nmsnga3B1LE/s512-c/photo.jpg" /></author><thr:total>0</thr:total><feedburner:origLink>http://sergioibarra.blogspot.com/2012/01/salvemos-las-dunas-de-concon.html</feedburner:origLink></entry><entry gd:etag="W/&quot;DEIAR308cCp7ImA9WhRXGUg.&quot;"><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1685427845194108708.post-2855277975333712454</id><published>2011-12-26T19:28:00.001-08:00</published><updated>2011-12-26T19:29:06.378-08:00</updated><app:edited xmlns:app="http://www.w3.org/2007/app">2011-12-26T19:29:06.378-08:00</app:edited><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="diesel" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="fine" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Emissions" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="particulate matter" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="ultrafine" /><title>Size and Composition Distributions of Particulate Matter Emissions Part 2 - Heavy-Duty Diesel Vehicles.pptx</title><content type="html">&lt;div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style="width:425px" id="__ss_10694223"&gt;&lt;strong style="display:block;margin:12px 0 4px"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.slideshare.net/xhie/sizeand-composition-distributions-of-particulate-matter-emissions-part2-heavyduty-diesel-vehiclespptx" title="Sizeand composition distributions of particulate matter emissions part2 heavy-duty diesel vehicles.pptx"&gt;Sizeand composition distributions of particulate matter emissions part2 heavy-duty diesel vehicles.pptx&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;object id="__sse10694223" width="425" height="355"&gt;&lt;param name="movie" value="http://static.slidesharecdn.com/swf/ssplayer2.swf?doc=sizeandcompositiondistributionsofparticulatematteremissionspart2-heavy-dutydieselvehicles-pptx-111226212610-phpapp02&amp;stripped_title=sizeand-composition-distributions-of-particulate-matter-emissions-part2-heavyduty-diesel-vehiclespptx&amp;userName=xhie" /&gt;&lt;param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"/&gt;&lt;param name="allowScriptAccess" value="always"/&gt;&lt;param name="wmode" value="transparent"/&gt;&lt;embed name="__sse10694223" src="http://static.slidesharecdn.com/swf/ssplayer2.swf?doc=sizeandcompositiondistributionsofparticulatematteremissionspart2-heavy-dutydieselvehicles-pptx-111226212610-phpapp02&amp;stripped_title=sizeand-composition-distributions-of-particulate-matter-emissions-part2-heavyduty-diesel-vehiclespptx&amp;userName=xhie" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" wmode="transparent" width="425" height="355"&gt;&lt;/embed&gt;&lt;/object&gt;&lt;div style="padding:5px 0 12px"&gt;View more &lt;a href="http://www.slideshare.net/"&gt;presentations&lt;/a&gt; from &lt;a href="http://www.slideshare.net/xhie"&gt;CENMA&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1685427845194108708-2855277975333712454?l=sergioibarra.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/ContaminacinAtmosfricaEstadsticaGeomticaYReflexiones/~4/AVtzUHQ-D3I" height="1" width="1"/&gt;</content><link rel="replies" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://sergioibarra.blogspot.com/feeds/2855277975333712454/comments/default" title="Enviar comentarios" /><link rel="replies" type="text/html" href="http://sergioibarra.blogspot.com/2011/12/size-and-composition-distributions-of.html#comment-form" title="0 comentarios" /><link rel="edit" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1685427845194108708/posts/default/2855277975333712454?v=2" /><link rel="self" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1685427845194108708/posts/default/2855277975333712454?v=2" /><link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/ContaminacinAtmosfricaEstadsticaGeomticaYReflexiones/~3/AVtzUHQ-D3I/size-and-composition-distributions-of.html" title="Size and Composition Distributions of Particulate Matter Emissions Part 2 - Heavy-Duty Diesel Vehicles.pptx" /><author><name>Sergio Ibarra</name><uri>https://profiles.google.com/103315806903577475091</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel="http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail" width="32" height="32" src="//lh3.googleusercontent.com/-nvgsStOkP1w/AAAAAAAAAAI/AAAAAAAABc0/nmsnga3B1LE/s512-c/photo.jpg" /></author><thr:total>0</thr:total><feedburner:origLink>http://sergioibarra.blogspot.com/2011/12/size-and-composition-distributions-of.html</feedburner:origLink></entry><entry gd:etag="W/&quot;AkICQXc-eSp7ImA9WhRQFkg.&quot;"><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1685427845194108708.post-7168960364202740536</id><published>2011-12-11T18:09:00.001-08:00</published><updated>2011-12-11T18:56:00.951-08:00</updated><app:edited xmlns:app="http://www.w3.org/2007/app">2011-12-11T18:56:00.951-08:00</app:edited><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Si se Puede" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="MOTIVACION" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Tu puedes" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Vamos" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Vamos que se puede" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Carrera" /><title>La carrera de la Vida</title><content type="html">&lt;div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"&gt;
Hace muuuuuchos años me dieron este mensaje, y hoy lo comparto con ustedes...&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-L0dluKYKYII/TuVs4m0LE3I/AAAAAAAADVE/FJp-pdSMy6s/s1600/atleta-minusvalido.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-L0dluKYKYII/TuVs4m0LE3I/AAAAAAAADVE/FJp-pdSMy6s/s1600/atleta-minusvalido.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://blog.educastur.es/unguanteentrecalcetines/files/2011/10/atleta-minusvalido.jpg"&gt;Fuente&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Gana quien cree poder hacerlo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Si piensas que estas vencido, lo estas.&lt;br /&gt;
Si piensas que no te atreves no lo harás.&lt;br /&gt;
Si piensas que te gustaría ganar&lt;br /&gt;
Pero que no puedes, no lo lograras.&lt;br /&gt;
Si piensas que perderás ya has perdido.&lt;br /&gt;
Porque en el mundo encontraras que el éxito&lt;br /&gt;
Comienza con la voluntad del hombre:&lt;br /&gt;
Todo está en la actitud mental.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Porque muchas carreras se han perdido,&lt;br /&gt;
Antes de haberse corrido.&lt;br /&gt;
Y muchos cobardes han fracasado,&lt;br /&gt;
Antes de haber empezado su trabajo.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;Piensa en grande y tus hechos crecerán.&lt;br /&gt;
Piensa en pequeño y quedaras atrás.&lt;br /&gt;
Piensa que puedes y podrás,&lt;br /&gt;
Todo está en la actitud mental.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;Si piensas que estas aventajado, lo estas.&lt;br /&gt;
Tienes que pensar bien para elevarte.&lt;br /&gt;
Tienes que estar seguro de ti mismo,&lt;br /&gt;
Antes de intentar ganar un premio.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;La batalla de la vida no siempre la gana&lt;br /&gt;
El mas fuerte o el más rápido.&lt;br /&gt;
Tarde o temprano aquel que gana,&lt;br /&gt;
Es el que cree poder hacerlo&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1685427845194108708-7168960364202740536?l=sergioibarra.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/ContaminacinAtmosfricaEstadsticaGeomticaYReflexiones/~4/aukiO8rfNfQ" height="1" width="1"/&gt;</content><link rel="replies" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://sergioibarra.blogspot.com/feeds/7168960364202740536/comments/default" title="Enviar comentarios" /><link rel="replies" type="text/html" href="http://sergioibarra.blogspot.com/2011/12/la-carrera-de-la-vida.html#comment-form" title="0 comentarios" /><link rel="edit" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1685427845194108708/posts/default/7168960364202740536?v=2" /><link rel="self" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1685427845194108708/posts/default/7168960364202740536?v=2" /><link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/ContaminacinAtmosfricaEstadsticaGeomticaYReflexiones/~3/aukiO8rfNfQ/la-carrera-de-la-vida.html" title="La carrera de la Vida" /><author><name>Sergio Ibarra</name><uri>https://profiles.google.com/103315806903577475091</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel="http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail" width="32" height="32" src="//lh3.googleusercontent.com/-nvgsStOkP1w/AAAAAAAAAAI/AAAAAAAABc0/nmsnga3B1LE/s512-c/photo.jpg" /></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-L0dluKYKYII/TuVs4m0LE3I/AAAAAAAADVE/FJp-pdSMy6s/s72-c/atleta-minusvalido.jpg" height="72" width="72" /><thr:total>0</thr:total><feedburner:origLink>http://sergioibarra.blogspot.com/2011/12/la-carrera-de-la-vida.html</feedburner:origLink></entry><entry gd:etag="W/&quot;DEAGRn48eCp7ImA9WhRSFEg.&quot;"><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1685427845194108708.post-6662350323267627101</id><published>2011-11-14T17:08:00.001-08:00</published><updated>2011-11-16T07:18:47.070-08:00</updated><app:edited xmlns:app="http://www.w3.org/2007/app">2011-11-16T07:18:47.070-08:00</app:edited><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Atmosphere" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Air Pollution" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Material Particulado" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Environment" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="UK" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Atmósfera" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Chemistry" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Matter" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Particulate" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Química" /><title>Química de la Atmósfera. Revisión de paper: Measurements of the physical properties of particles in the urban atmosphere</title><content type="html">&lt;div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"&gt;
&lt;div id="__ss_10161721" style="width: 425px;"&gt;
&lt;b style="display: block; margin: 12px 0 4px;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.slideshare.net/xhie/revisin-de-paper-measurements-of-the-physical-properties-of-particles-in-the-urban-atmosphere" title="Revisión de Paper: Measurements of the physical properties of particles in the urban atmosphere"&gt;Revisión de Paper: Measurements of the physical properties of particles in the urban atmosphere&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;object height="355" id="__sse10161721" width="425"&gt;&lt;param name="movie" value="http://static.slidesharecdn.com/swf/ssplayer2.swf?doc=measurementsofthephysicalpropertiesofparticlesintheurbanatmosphereclaro-111114190625-phpapp02&amp;stripped_title=revisin-de-paper-measurements-of-the-physical-properties-of-particles-in-the-urban-atmosphere&amp;userName=xhie" /&gt;
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&lt;div style="padding: 5px 0 12px;"&gt;
View more &lt;a href="http://www.slideshare.net/"&gt;presentations&lt;/a&gt; from &lt;a href="http://www.slideshare.net/xhie"&gt;CENMA&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"&gt;
&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;
&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-mO3WmpDcx1Y/TsPUPVBMv1I/AAAAAAAACFg/4MuTO3ATcys/s1600/qca1.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="253" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-mO3WmpDcx1Y/TsPUPVBMv1I/AAAAAAAACFg/4MuTO3ATcys/s400/qca1.png" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1685427845194108708-6662350323267627101?l=sergioibarra.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/ContaminacinAtmosfricaEstadsticaGeomticaYReflexiones/~4/jMBeR2TPoQ4" height="1" width="1"/&gt;</content><link rel="replies" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://sergioibarra.blogspot.com/feeds/6662350323267627101/comments/default" title="Enviar comentarios" /><link rel="replies" type="text/html" href="http://sergioibarra.blogspot.com/2011/11/quimica-de-la-atmosfera-revision-de.html#comment-form" title="0 comentarios" /><link rel="edit" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1685427845194108708/posts/default/6662350323267627101?v=2" /><link rel="self" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1685427845194108708/posts/default/6662350323267627101?v=2" /><link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/ContaminacinAtmosfricaEstadsticaGeomticaYReflexiones/~3/jMBeR2TPoQ4/quimica-de-la-atmosfera-revision-de.html" title="Química de la Atmósfera. Revisión de paper: Measurements of the physical properties of particles in the urban atmosphere" /><author><name>Sergio Ibarra</name><uri>https://profiles.google.com/103315806903577475091</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel="http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail" width="32" height="32" src="//lh3.googleusercontent.com/-nvgsStOkP1w/AAAAAAAAAAI/AAAAAAAABc0/nmsnga3B1LE/s512-c/photo.jpg" /></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-mO3WmpDcx1Y/TsPUPVBMv1I/AAAAAAAACFg/4MuTO3ATcys/s72-c/qca1.png" height="72" width="72" /><thr:total>0</thr:total><feedburner:origLink>http://sergioibarra.blogspot.com/2011/11/quimica-de-la-atmosfera-revision-de.html</feedburner:origLink></entry><entry gd:etag="W/&quot;C08HQXsyfCp7ImA9WhRSEEo.&quot;"><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1685427845194108708.post-62234170703436912</id><published>2011-11-11T20:22:00.001-08:00</published><updated>2011-11-11T20:23:50.594-08:00</updated><app:edited xmlns:app="http://www.w3.org/2007/app">2011-11-11T20:23:50.594-08:00</app:edited><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="GLOBAL MAPPER" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="GIS" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Geomática" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Geomatica" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="SIG" /><title>Global Mapper, Una herramienta para el trabajo en SIG</title><content type="html">&lt;div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"&gt;
&lt;img src="http://www.engesat.com.br/gmapper/imagens/ViewShedBlueSprings.jpg" /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Un compañero de trabajo me recomendó un programa llamado &lt;a href="http://www.globalmapper.com/"&gt;Global Mapper&lt;/a&gt; para complementar y facilitar el trabajo en Sistemas de Información Geográficos. &amp;nbsp;A continuación su descripción de la página web:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="background-color: #f7f7f7; color: black; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px;"&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class="big" style="color: #333399; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Overview&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="background-color: #f7f7f7; color: black; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px;"&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="top"&gt;&lt;span class="medium" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #14149e; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"&gt;Global Mapper&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;is more than just a utility; it has built in functionality for distance and area calculations,&lt;span class="medium" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #14149e; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"&gt;raster blending, feathering, spectral analysis and contrast adjustment&lt;/span&gt;, elevation querying, line of sight calculations, cut-and-fill&amp;nbsp;&lt;span class="medium" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #14149e; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"&gt;volume calculations&lt;/span&gt;, as well as advanced capabilities like&amp;nbsp;&lt;span class="medium" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #14149e; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"&gt;image rectification, contour generation&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;from surface data,&amp;nbsp;&lt;span class="medium" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #14149e; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"&gt;view shed analysis&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;(including Fresnel) from surface data,&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"&gt;watershed delineation&lt;/span&gt;, terrain layer comparison (including differencing), and triangulation and gridding of 3D point data. Repetitive tasks can be accomplished using the built in scripting language or comprehensive&amp;nbsp;&lt;span class="medium" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #14149e; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"&gt;batch conversion&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;functionality.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Bueno, no he tenido tiempo utilizar este programa de modo de tener una conocimiento y experiencia a mas completo, pero no se ve mal. Otra cosa que permite hacer es crear fácilmente curvas de elevación.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Permite abrir los archivos comprimidos (&lt;a href="http://www.7-zip.org/"&gt;ZIP&lt;/a&gt; por ejemplo)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Y estos son los formatos de datos con los que se puede trabajar:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;ul style="background-color: #f7f7f7; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; text-align: -webkit-auto;"&gt;
&lt;li style="font-family: Verdana, Geneva, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; list-style-image: url(http://www.globalmapper.com/images/bullet2.gif); list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.globalmapper.com/product/formats_elevation.htm" style="color: #14149e; text-decoration: none;"&gt;Gridded Elevation Formats&lt;/a&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li style="list-style-image: url(http://www.globalmapper.com/images/bullet2.gif); list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.globalmapper.com/product/formats_elevation.htm#ACE/ACE2_Altimeter_Corrected_Elevation" style="color: #14149e; text-decoration: none;"&gt;ACE/ACE2 (Altimeter Corrected Elevation)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style="list-style-image: url(http://www.globalmapper.com/images/bullet2.gif); list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.globalmapper.com/product/formats_elevation.htm#ASPRS_LIDAR_LAS_Files" style="color: #14149e; text-decoration: none;"&gt;ASPRS LIDAR LAS Files&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style="list-style-image: url(http://www.globalmapper.com/images/bullet2.gif); list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.globalmapper.com/product/formats_elevation.htm#ASTER_DEM_and_L1A/L1B_Imagery_and_MODIS_imagery" style="color: #14149e; text-decoration: none;"&gt;ASTER DEM and L1A/L1B Imagery and MODIS imagery&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style="list-style-image: url(http://www.globalmapper.com/images/bullet2.gif); list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.globalmapper.com/product/formats_elevation.htm#Arc/Info_ASCII_Grid" style="color: #14149e; text-decoration: none;"&gt;Arc/Info ASCII Grid&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style="list-style-image: url(http://www.globalmapper.com/images/bullet2.gif); list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.globalmapper.com/product/formats_elevation.htm#Arc/Info_Binary_Grid" style="color: #14149e; text-decoration: none;"&gt;Arc/Info Binary Grid&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style="list-style-image: url(http://www.globalmapper.com/images/bullet2.gif); list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.globalmapper.com/product/formats_elevation.htm#Arc/Info_Export_Format_E00" style="color: #14149e; text-decoration: none;"&gt;Arc/Info Export Format (E00)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style="list-style-image: url(http://www.globalmapper.com/images/bullet2.gif); list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.globalmapper.com/product/formats_elevation.htm#BAG_Bathymetry_Attributed_Grid_Files" style="color: #14149e; text-decoration: none;"&gt;BAG (Bathymetry Attributed Grid) Files&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style="list-style-image: url(http://www.globalmapper.com/images/bullet2.gif); list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.globalmapper.com/product/formats_elevation.htm#BIL/BSQ/BIP/RAW_Imagery" style="color: #14149e; text-decoration: none;"&gt;BIL/BSQ/BIP/RAW Imagery&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style="list-style-image: url(http://www.globalmapper.com/images/bullet2.gif); list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.globalmapper.com/product/formats_elevation.htm#BT_Binary_Terrain_Elevation_Grid_Files" style="color: #14149e; text-decoration: none;"&gt;BT (Binary Terrain) Elevation Grid Files&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style="list-style-image: url(http://www.globalmapper.com/images/bullet2.gif); list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.globalmapper.com/product/formats_elevation.htm#BigTIFF" style="color: #14149e; text-decoration: none;"&gt;BigTIFF&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style="list-style-image: url(http://www.globalmapper.com/images/bullet2.gif); list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.globalmapper.com/product/formats_elevation.htm#COLLADA_3D_Models" style="color: #14149e; text-decoration: none;"&gt;COLLADA 3D Models&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style="list-style-image: url(http://www.globalmapper.com/images/bullet2.gif); list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.globalmapper.com/product/formats_elevation.htm#Canada_3D_Files" style="color: #14149e; text-decoration: none;"&gt;Canada 3D Files&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style="list-style-image: url(http://www.globalmapper.com/images/bullet2.gif); list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.globalmapper.com/product/formats_elevation.htm#Canadian_Digital_Elevation_Data_CDED" style="color: #14149e; text-decoration: none;"&gt;Canadian Digital Elevation Data (CDED)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style="list-style-image: url(http://www.globalmapper.com/images/bullet2.gif); list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.globalmapper.com/product/formats_elevation.htm#Carlson_SurvCAD_Grid_File" style="color: #14149e; text-decoration: none;"&gt;Carlson SurvCAD Grid File&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style="list-style-image: url(http://www.globalmapper.com/images/bullet2.gif); list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.globalmapper.com/product/formats_elevation.htm#DHM_-_Swiss_DEM_Files" style="color: #14149e; text-decoration: none;"&gt;DHM - Swiss DEM Files&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style="list-style-image: url(http://www.globalmapper.com/images/bullet2.gif); list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.globalmapper.com/product/formats_elevation.htm#DTED_Digital_Terrain_Elevation_Data_Format" style="color: #14149e; text-decoration: none;"&gt;DTED (Digital Terrain Elevation Data) Format&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style="list-style-image: url(http://www.globalmapper.com/images/bullet2.gif); list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.globalmapper.com/product/formats_elevation.htm#ERDAS_Imagine_Image_Format" style="color: #14149e; text-decoration: none;"&gt;ERDAS Imagine Image Format&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style="list-style-image: url(http://www.globalmapper.com/images/bullet2.gif); list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.globalmapper.com/product/formats_elevation.htm#GLOBE_Global_Land_1-km_Base_Elevation_Data" style="color: #14149e; text-decoration: none;"&gt;GLOBE (Global Land 1-km Base Elevation) Data&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style="list-style-image: url(http://www.globalmapper.com/images/bullet2.gif); list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.globalmapper.com/product/formats_elevation.htm#GSD_Swedish_DEM_Grid_Files" style="color: #14149e; text-decoration: none;"&gt;GSD (Swedish DEM Grid) Files&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style="list-style-image: url(http://www.globalmapper.com/images/bullet2.gif); list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.globalmapper.com/product/formats_elevation.htm#GXF_Geosoft_ASCII_Grid_Files" style="color: #14149e; text-decoration: none;"&gt;GXF (Geosoft ASCII Grid) Files&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style="list-style-image: url(http://www.globalmapper.com/images/bullet2.gif); list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.globalmapper.com/product/formats_elevation.htm#Geodas_Grid_GRD98_Format" style="color: #14149e; text-decoration: none;"&gt;Geodas Grid (GRD98) Format&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style="list-style-image: url(http://www.globalmapper.com/images/bullet2.gif); list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.globalmapper.com/product/formats_elevation.htm#Geosoft_Binary_Grid_Files" style="color: #14149e; text-decoration: none;"&gt;Geosoft Binary Grid Files&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style="list-style-image: url(http://www.globalmapper.com/images/bullet2.gif); list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.globalmapper.com/product/formats_elevation.htm#Global_2'_Elevation_Data_ETOPO2" style="color: #14149e; text-decoration: none;"&gt;Global 2' Elevation Data (ETOPO2)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style="list-style-image: url(http://www.globalmapper.com/images/bullet2.gif); list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.globalmapper.com/product/formats_elevation.htm#Global_30-arc-second_Digital_Elevation_Data_GTOPO30" style="color: #14149e; text-decoration: none;"&gt;Global 30-arc-second Digital Elevation Data (GTOPO30)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style="list-style-image: url(http://www.globalmapper.com/images/bullet2.gif); list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.globalmapper.com/product/formats_elevation.htm#Gravsoft_Grid_Files" style="color: #14149e; text-decoration: none;"&gt;Gravsoft Grid Files&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style="list-style-image: url(http://www.globalmapper.com/images/bullet2.gif); list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.globalmapper.com/product/formats_elevation.htm#HF2/HFZ_Files" style="color: #14149e; text-decoration: none;"&gt;HF2/HFZ Files&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style="list-style-image: url(http://www.globalmapper.com/images/bullet2.gif); list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.globalmapper.com/product/formats_elevation.htm#HRE_-_High_Resolution_Elevation_Format" style="color: #14149e; text-decoration: none;"&gt;HRE - High Resolution Elevation Format&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style="list-style-image: url(http://www.globalmapper.com/images/bullet2.gif); list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.globalmapper.com/product/formats_elevation.htm#HTF_Hydrographic_Transfer_Format" style="color: #14149e; text-decoration: none;"&gt;HTF (Hydrographic Transfer Format)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style="list-style-image: url(http://www.globalmapper.com/images/bullet2.gif); list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.globalmapper.com/product/formats_elevation.htm#Hypack_Matrix_Files" style="color: #14149e; text-decoration: none;"&gt;Hypack Matrix Files&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style="list-style-image: url(http://www.globalmapper.com/images/bullet2.gif); list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.globalmapper.com/product/formats_elevation.htm#Idrisi__Format" style="color: #14149e; text-decoration: none;"&gt;Idrisi Format&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style="list-style-image: url(http://www.globalmapper.com/images/bullet2.gif); list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.globalmapper.com/product/formats_elevation.htm#International_Bathymetric_Chart_of_the_Arctic_Ocean_IBCAO_Files" style="color: #14149e; text-decoration: none;"&gt;International Bathymetric Chart of the Arctic Ocean (IBCAO) Files&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style="list-style-image: url(http://www.globalmapper.com/images/bullet2.gif); list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.globalmapper.com/product/formats_elevation.htm#JPEG2000_Files" style="color: #14149e; text-decoration: none;"&gt;JPEG2000 Files&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style="list-style-image: url(http://www.globalmapper.com/images/bullet2.gif); list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.globalmapper.com/product/formats_elevation.htm#Japanese_DEM_JDEM/LEM/CSV_Format" style="color: #14149e; text-decoration: none;"&gt;Japanese DEM (JDEM/LEM/CSV) Format&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style="list-style-image: url(http://www.globalmapper.com/images/bullet2.gif); list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.globalmapper.com/product/formats_elevation.htm#LizardTech_MrSID_MG4_Lidar" style="color: #14149e; text-decoration: none;"&gt;LizardTech MrSID MG4 Lidar&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style="list-style-image: url(http://www.globalmapper.com/images/bullet2.gif); list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.globalmapper.com/product/formats_elevation.htm#NMGF_Noise_Model_Grid_Format" style="color: #14149e; text-decoration: none;"&gt;NMGF (Noise Model Grid Format)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style="list-style-image: url(http://www.globalmapper.com/images/bullet2.gif); list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.globalmapper.com/product/formats_elevation.htm#NOAA_TerrainBase_Elevation_Data" style="color: #14149e; text-decoration: none;"&gt;NOAA TerrainBase Elevation Data&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style="list-style-image: url(http://www.globalmapper.com/images/bullet2.gif); list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.globalmapper.com/product/formats_elevation.htm#NOAA/NGS_Geoid_Model_Format" style="color: #14149e; text-decoration: none;"&gt;NOAA/NGS Geoid Model Format&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style="list-style-image: url(http://www.globalmapper.com/images/bullet2.gif); list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.globalmapper.com/product/formats_elevation.htm#NTF_Grid/Contour_Format" style="color: #14149e; text-decoration: none;"&gt;NTF Grid/Contour Format&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style="list-style-image: url(http://www.globalmapper.com/images/bullet2.gif); list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.globalmapper.com/product/formats_elevation.htm#PDS_Vicar_Files" style="color: #14149e; text-decoration: none;"&gt;PDS (Vicar) Files&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style="list-style-image: url(http://www.globalmapper.com/images/bullet2.gif); list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.globalmapper.com/product/formats_elevation.htm#PLS-CADD_XYZ_Files" style="color: #14149e; text-decoration: none;"&gt;PLS-CADD XYZ Files&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style="list-style-image: url(http://www.globalmapper.com/images/bullet2.gif); list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.globalmapper.com/product/formats_elevation.htm#QCT_Quick_Chart_and_QED_Files" style="color: #14149e; text-decoration: none;"&gt;QCT (Quick Chart) and QED Files&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style="list-style-image: url(http://www.globalmapper.com/images/bullet2.gif); list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.globalmapper.com/product/formats_elevation.htm#SRTM_Shuttle_Radar_Topography_Mission" style="color: #14149e; text-decoration: none;"&gt;SRTM (Shuttle Radar Topography Mission)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style="list-style-image: url(http://www.globalmapper.com/images/bullet2.gif); list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.globalmapper.com/product/formats_elevation.htm#STL_Files" style="color: #14149e; text-decoration: none;"&gt;STL Files&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style="list-style-image: url(http://www.globalmapper.com/images/bullet2.gif); list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.globalmapper.com/product/formats_elevation.htm#Surfer_Grid_ASCII_and_Binary_Format_Files" style="color: #14149e; text-decoration: none;"&gt;Surfer Grid (ASCII and Binary) Format Files&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style="list-style-image: url(http://www.globalmapper.com/images/bullet2.gif); list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.globalmapper.com/product/formats_elevation.htm#TerraScan_.bin/.ts_Format" style="color: #14149e; text-decoration: none;"&gt;TerraScan .bin/.ts Format&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style="list-style-image: url(http://www.globalmapper.com/images/bullet2.gif); list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.globalmapper.com/product/formats_elevation.htm#Terragen_Terrain_Format" style="color: #14149e; text-decoration: none;"&gt;Terragen Terrain Format&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style="list-style-image: url(http://www.globalmapper.com/images/bullet2.gif); list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.globalmapper.com/product/formats_elevation.htm#USGS_Digital_Elevation_Model_DEM" style="color: #14149e; text-decoration: none;"&gt;USGS Digital Elevation Model (DEM)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style="list-style-image: url(http://www.globalmapper.com/images/bullet2.gif); list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.globalmapper.com/product/formats_elevation.htm#USGS_Digital_Elevation_Model,_GeoTIFF_Format" style="color: #14149e; text-decoration: none;"&gt;USGS Digital Elevation Model, GeoTIFF Format&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style="list-style-image: url(http://www.globalmapper.com/images/bullet2.gif); list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.globalmapper.com/product/formats_elevation.htm#USGS_Digital_Elevation_Model,_Spatial_Data_Transfer_Standard_Format_DEM/SDTS" style="color: #14149e; text-decoration: none;"&gt;USGS Digital Elevation Model, Spatial Data Transfer Standard Format (DEM/SDTS)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style="list-style-image: url(http://www.globalmapper.com/images/bullet2.gif); list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.globalmapper.com/product/formats_elevation.htm#USGS_National_Elevation_Dataset_NED_-_ArcGrid,_BIL,_Grid_Float_Format" style="color: #14149e; text-decoration: none;"&gt;USGS National Elevation Dataset (NED) - ArcGrid, BIL, Grid Float Format&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style="list-style-image: url(http://www.globalmapper.com/images/bullet2.gif); list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.globalmapper.com/product/formats_elevation.htm#Vertical_Mapper_MapInfo_Grid/Clutter_Files" style="color: #14149e; text-decoration: none;"&gt;Vertical Mapper (MapInfo) Grid/Clutter Files&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style="list-style-image: url(http://www.globalmapper.com/images/bullet2.gif); list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.globalmapper.com/product/formats_elevation.htm#Vulcan3D_Triangulation_.00t_Files" style="color: #14149e; text-decoration: none;"&gt;Vulcan3D Triangulation (.00t) Files&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style="list-style-image: url(http://www.globalmapper.com/images/bullet2.gif); list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.globalmapper.com/product/formats_elevation.htm#WindSim_GWS" style="color: #14149e; text-decoration: none;"&gt;WindSim GWS&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style="list-style-image: url(http://www.globalmapper.com/images/bullet2.gif); list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.globalmapper.com/product/formats_elevation.htm#Zmap_Plus_Grid_Files" style="color: #14149e; text-decoration: none;"&gt;Zmap Plus Grid Files&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style="font-family: Verdana, Geneva, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; list-style-image: url(http://www.globalmapper.com/images/bullet2.gif); list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.globalmapper.com/product/formats_raster.htm" style="color: #14149e; text-decoration: none;"&gt;Raster (Imagery/Scanned Map) Formats&lt;/a&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li style="list-style-image: url(http://www.globalmapper.com/images/bullet2.gif); list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.globalmapper.com/product/formats_raster.htm#ADRG_Files" style="color: #14149e; text-decoration: none;"&gt;ADRG Files&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style="list-style-image: url(http://www.globalmapper.com/images/bullet2.gif); list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.globalmapper.com/product/formats_raster.htm#ASRP_Arc_Standard_Raster_Product_and_USRP_Files" style="color: #14149e; text-decoration: none;"&gt;ASRP (Arc Standard Raster Product) and USRP Files&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style="list-style-image: url(http://www.globalmapper.com/images/bullet2.gif); list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.globalmapper.com/product/formats_raster.htm#ASTER_DEM_and_L1A/L1B_Imagery_and_MODIS_imagery" style="color: #14149e; text-decoration: none;"&gt;ASTER DEM and L1A/L1B Imagery and MODIS imagery&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style="list-style-image: url(http://www.globalmapper.com/images/bullet2.gif); list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.globalmapper.com/product/formats_raster.htm#BIL/BSQ/BIP/RAW_Imagery" style="color: #14149e; text-decoration: none;"&gt;BIL/BSQ/BIP/RAW Imagery&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style="list-style-image: url(http://www.globalmapper.com/images/bullet2.gif); list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.globalmapper.com/product/formats_raster.htm#BSB_Nautical_Charts" style="color: #14149e; text-decoration: none;"&gt;BSB Nautical Charts&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style="list-style-image: url(http://www.globalmapper.com/images/bullet2.gif); list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.globalmapper.com/product/formats_raster.htm#BigTIFF" style="color: #14149e; text-decoration: none;"&gt;BigTIFF&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style="list-style-image: url(http://www.globalmapper.com/images/bullet2.gif); list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.globalmapper.com/product/formats_raster.htm#CADRG_and_CIB_Files" style="color: #14149e; text-decoration: none;"&gt;CADRG and CIB Files&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style="list-style-image: url(http://www.globalmapper.com/images/bullet2.gif); list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.globalmapper.com/product/formats_raster.htm#ERDAS_Imagine_Image_Format" style="color: #14149e; text-decoration: none;"&gt;ERDAS Imagine Image Format&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style="list-style-image: url(http://www.globalmapper.com/images/bullet2.gif); list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.globalmapper.com/product/formats_raster.htm#ERMapper_Compressed_Wavelet_ECW_Format" style="color: #14149e; text-decoration: none;"&gt;ERMapper Compressed Wavelet (ECW) Format&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style="list-style-image: url(http://www.globalmapper.com/images/bullet2.gif); list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.globalmapper.com/product/formats_raster.htm#Erdas_GIS/LAN_Files" style="color: #14149e; text-decoration: none;"&gt;Erdas GIS/LAN Files&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style="list-style-image: url(http://www.globalmapper.com/images/bullet2.gif); list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.globalmapper.com/product/formats_raster.htm#GRIB_I_and_II_Formats" style="color: #14149e; text-decoration: none;"&gt;GRIB I and II Formats&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style="list-style-image: url(http://www.globalmapper.com/images/bullet2.gif); list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.globalmapper.com/product/formats_raster.htm#GeoPDF®_Files" style="color: #14149e; text-decoration: none;"&gt;GeoPDF® Files&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style="list-style-image: url(http://www.globalmapper.com/images/bullet2.gif); list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.globalmapper.com/product/formats_raster.htm#HCRF_Hydrographic_Chart_Raster_Format_File" style="color: #14149e; text-decoration: none;"&gt;HCRF (Hydrographic Chart Raster Format) File&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style="list-style-image: url(http://www.globalmapper.com/images/bullet2.gif); list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.globalmapper.com/product/formats_raster.htm#Idrisi__Format" style="color: #14149e; text-decoration: none;"&gt;Idrisi Format&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style="list-style-image: url(http://www.globalmapper.com/images/bullet2.gif); list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.globalmapper.com/product/formats_raster.htm#Intergraph_COT_Format" style="color: #14149e; text-decoration: none;"&gt;Intergraph COT Format&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style="list-style-image: url(http://www.globalmapper.com/images/bullet2.gif); list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.globalmapper.com/product/formats_raster.htm#JPEG_Image_with_Embedded_EXIF_Position_Information" style="color: #14149e; text-decoration: none;"&gt;JPEG Image with Embedded EXIF Position Information&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style="list-style-image: url(http://www.globalmapper.com/images/bullet2.gif); list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.globalmapper.com/product/formats_raster.htm#JPEG_Image_with_World_File" style="color: #14149e; text-decoration: none;"&gt;JPEG Image with World File&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style="list-style-image: url(http://www.globalmapper.com/images/bullet2.gif); list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.globalmapper.com/product/formats_raster.htm#JPEG2000_Files" style="color: #14149e; text-decoration: none;"&gt;JPEG2000 Files&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style="list-style-image: url(http://www.globalmapper.com/images/bullet2.gif); list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.globalmapper.com/product/formats_raster.htm#KML/KMZ_Formats" style="color: #14149e; text-decoration: none;"&gt;KML/KMZ Formats&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style="list-style-image: url(http://www.globalmapper.com/images/bullet2.gif); list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.globalmapper.com/product/formats_raster.htm#Landsat_7A_FAST_Format" style="color: #14149e; text-decoration: none;"&gt;Landsat 7A FAST Format&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style="list-style-image: url(http://www.globalmapper.com/images/bullet2.gif); list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.globalmapper.com/product/formats_raster.htm#LizardTech_MrSID_Data" style="color: #14149e; text-decoration: none;"&gt;LizardTech MrSID Data&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style="list-style-image: url(http://www.globalmapper.com/images/bullet2.gif); list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.globalmapper.com/product/formats_raster.htm#MPR/MPH_German_Topo_Map_Files" style="color: #14149e; text-decoration: none;"&gt;MPR/MPH (German Topo Map) Files&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style="list-style-image: url(http://www.globalmapper.com/images/bullet2.gif); list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.globalmapper.com/product/formats_raster.htm#MapTech_Nautical_Charts_PCX_Format" style="color: #14149e; text-decoration: none;"&gt;MapTech Nautical Charts (PCX Format)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style="list-style-image: url(http://www.globalmapper.com/images/bullet2.gif); list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.globalmapper.com/product/formats_raster.htm#MapTech_Topo_Maps_and_Aerial_Navigation_Charts" style="color: #14149e; text-decoration: none;"&gt;MapTech Topo Maps and Aerial Navigation Charts&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style="list-style-image: url(http://www.globalmapper.com/images/bullet2.gif); list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.globalmapper.com/product/formats_raster.htm#NITF_-_National_Imagery_Transmission_Format" style="color: #14149e; text-decoration: none;"&gt;NITF - National Imagery Transmission Format&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style="list-style-image: url(http://www.globalmapper.com/images/bullet2.gif); list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.globalmapper.com/product/formats_raster.htm#NV_Verlag_Marine_Charts" style="color: #14149e; text-decoration: none;"&gt;NV Verlag Marine Charts&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style="list-style-image: url(http://www.globalmapper.com/images/bullet2.gif); list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.globalmapper.com/product/formats_raster.htm#OziExplorer_OZFx2_and_OZFx3_Formats" style="color: #14149e; text-decoration: none;"&gt;OziExplorer OZFx2 and OZFx3 Formats&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style="list-style-image: url(http://www.globalmapper.com/images/bullet2.gif); list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.globalmapper.com/product/formats_raster.htm#PCX_Files" style="color: #14149e; text-decoration: none;"&gt;PCX Files&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style="list-style-image: url(http://www.globalmapper.com/images/bullet2.gif); list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.globalmapper.com/product/formats_raster.htm#PGM_Grayscale_Grid_Format" style="color: #14149e; text-decoration: none;"&gt;PGM Grayscale Grid Format&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style="list-style-image: url(http://www.globalmapper.com/images/bullet2.gif); list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.globalmapper.com/product/formats_raster.htm#PNG_Image_with_World_File" style="color: #14149e; text-decoration: none;"&gt;PNG Image with World File&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style="list-style-image: url(http://www.globalmapper.com/images/bullet2.gif); list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.globalmapper.com/product/formats_raster.htm#QCT_Quick_Chart_and_QED_Files" style="color: #14149e; text-decoration: none;"&gt;QCT (Quick Chart) and QED Files&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style="list-style-image: url(http://www.globalmapper.com/images/bullet2.gif); list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.globalmapper.com/product/formats_raster.htm#RIK_Swedish_Topo_Map_Files" style="color: #14149e; text-decoration: none;"&gt;RIK (Swedish Topo Map) Files&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style="list-style-image: url(http://www.globalmapper.com/images/bullet2.gif); list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.globalmapper.com/product/formats_raster.htm#USGS_Digital_Orthophoto_Quads_DOQ,_GeoTIFF_Format" style="color: #14149e; text-decoration: none;"&gt;USGS Digital Orthophoto Quads (DOQ), GeoTIFF Format&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style="list-style-image: url(http://www.globalmapper.com/images/bullet2.gif); list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.globalmapper.com/product/formats_raster.htm#USGS_Digital_Orthophoto_Quads_DOQ,_JPG_w/_Native_Header_Format" style="color: #14149e; text-decoration: none;"&gt;USGS Digital Orthophoto Quads (DOQ), JPG w/ Native Header Format&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style="list-style-image: url(http://www.globalmapper.com/images/bullet2.gif); list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.globalmapper.com/product/formats_raster.htm#USGS_Digital_Orthophoto_Quads_DOQ,_Native_USGS_Format" style="color: #14149e; text-decoration: none;"&gt;USGS Digital Orthophoto Quads (DOQ), Native USGS Format&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style="list-style-image: url(http://www.globalmapper.com/images/bullet2.gif); list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.globalmapper.com/product/formats_raster.htm#USGS_Digital_Raster_Graphic_DRG" style="color: #14149e; text-decoration: none;"&gt;USGS Digital Raster Graphic (DRG)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style="list-style-image: url(http://www.globalmapper.com/images/bullet2.gif); list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.globalmapper.com/product/formats_raster.htm#Vertical_Mapper_MapInfo_Grid/Clutter_Files" style="color: #14149e; text-decoration: none;"&gt;Vertical Mapper (MapInfo) Grid/Clutter Files&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style="list-style-image: url(http://www.globalmapper.com/images/bullet2.gif); list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.globalmapper.com/product/formats_raster.htm#Zoomify_Format" style="color: #14149e; text-decoration: none;"&gt;Zoomify Format&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style="font-family: Verdana, Geneva, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; list-style-image: url(http://www.globalmapper.com/images/bullet2.gif); list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.globalmapper.com/product/formats_vector.htm" style="color: #14149e; text-decoration: none;"&gt;Vector Formats&lt;/a&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li style="list-style-image: url(http://www.globalmapper.com/images/bullet2.gif); list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.globalmapper.com/product/formats_vector.htm#ASPRS_LIDAR_LAS_Files" style="color: #14149e; text-decoration: none;"&gt;ASPRS LIDAR LAS Files&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style="list-style-image: url(http://www.globalmapper.com/images/bullet2.gif); list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.globalmapper.com/product/formats_vector.htm#ATLAS_BNA_Boundary_File" style="color: #14149e; text-decoration: none;"&gt;ATLAS BNA (Boundary File)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style="list-style-image: url(http://www.globalmapper.com/images/bullet2.gif); list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.globalmapper.com/product/formats_vector.htm#Alberta_Township_System_ATS_Format" style="color: #14149e; text-decoration: none;"&gt;Alberta Township System (ATS) Format&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style="list-style-image: url(http://www.globalmapper.com/images/bullet2.gif); list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.globalmapper.com/product/formats_vector.htm#Anuga_Triangulated_Mesh_Format" style="color: #14149e; text-decoration: none;"&gt;Anuga Triangulated Mesh Format&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style="list-style-image: url(http://www.globalmapper.com/images/bullet2.gif); list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.globalmapper.com/product/formats_vector.htm#Arc/Info_Export_Format_E00" style="color: #14149e; text-decoration: none;"&gt;Arc/Info Export Format (E00)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style="list-style-image: url(http://www.globalmapper.com/images/bullet2.gif); list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.globalmapper.com/product/formats_vector.htm#AutoCAD_DWG_DraWinG_File" style="color: #14149e; text-decoration: none;"&gt;AutoCAD DWG (DraWinG) File&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style="list-style-image: url(http://www.globalmapper.com/images/bullet2.gif); list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.globalmapper.com/product/formats_vector.htm#AutoCAD_DXF_Drawing_Interchange_File" style="color: #14149e; text-decoration: none;"&gt;AutoCAD DXF (Drawing Interchange File)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style="list-style-image: url(http://www.globalmapper.com/images/bullet2.gif); list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.globalmapper.com/product/formats_vector.htm#BAG_Bathymetry_Attributed_Grid_Files" style="color: #14149e; text-decoration: none;"&gt;BAG (Bathymetry Attributed Grid) Files&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style="list-style-image: url(http://www.globalmapper.com/images/bullet2.gif); list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.globalmapper.com/product/formats_vector.htm#CDF_GES_Cartographic_Data_Format" style="color: #14149e; text-decoration: none;"&gt;CDF (GES Cartographic Data Format)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style="list-style-image: url(http://www.globalmapper.com/images/bullet2.gif); list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.globalmapper.com/product/formats_vector.htm#CML,_CXF,_and_TAF_Italian_Cadastral_Exchange_Formats" style="color: #14149e; text-decoration: none;"&gt;CML, CXF, and TAF (Italian Cadastral Exchange Formats)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style="list-style-image: url(http://www.globalmapper.com/images/bullet2.gif); list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.globalmapper.com/product/formats_vector.htm#COLLADA_3D_Models" style="color: #14149e; text-decoration: none;"&gt;COLLADA 3D Models&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style="list-style-image: url(http://www.globalmapper.com/images/bullet2.gif); list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.globalmapper.com/product/formats_vector.htm#CompeGPS_RTE,_TRK,_and_WPT_Formats" style="color: #14149e; text-decoration: none;"&gt;CompeGPS RTE, TRK, and WPT Formats&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style="list-style-image: url(http://www.globalmapper.com/images/bullet2.gif); list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.globalmapper.com/product/formats_vector.htm#DBF_DBase_III+_Files" style="color: #14149e; text-decoration: none;"&gt;DBF (DBase III+) Files&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style="list-style-image: url(http://www.globalmapper.com/images/bullet2.gif); list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.globalmapper.com/product/formats_vector.htm#DMDF_Digital_Map_Data_Format_Format" style="color: #14149e; text-decoration: none;"&gt;DMDF (Digital Map Data Format) Format&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style="list-style-image: url(http://www.globalmapper.com/images/bullet2.gif); list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.globalmapper.com/product/formats_vector.htm#DeLorme_Text_Files" style="color: #14149e; text-decoration: none;"&gt;DeLorme Text Files&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style="list-style-image: url(http://www.globalmapper.com/images/bullet2.gif); list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.globalmapper.com/product/formats_vector.htm#Delft3D_LDB_Files" style="color: #14149e; text-decoration: none;"&gt;Delft3D (LDB) Files&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style="list-style-image: url(http://www.globalmapper.com/images/bullet2.gif); list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.globalmapper.com/product/formats_vector.htm#EMF_Windows_Enhanced_Metafile_Format" style="color: #14149e; text-decoration: none;"&gt;EMF (Windows Enhanced Metafile) Format&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style="list-style-image: url(http://www.globalmapper.com/images/bullet2.gif); list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.globalmapper.com/product/formats_vector.htm#ESRI_File_Geodatabase_Format" style="color: #14149e; text-decoration: none;"&gt;ESRI File Geodatabase Format&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style="list-style-image: url(http://www.globalmapper.com/images/bullet2.gif); list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.globalmapper.com/product/formats_vector.htm#ESRI_Personal_Geodatabase_Format_MDB_Files" style="color: #14149e; text-decoration: none;"&gt;ESRI Personal Geodatabase Format (MDB) Files&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style="list-style-image: url(http://www.globalmapper.com/images/bullet2.gif); list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.globalmapper.com/product/formats_vector.htm#ESRI_Shapefiles" style="color: #14149e; text-decoration: none;"&gt;ESRI Shapefiles&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style="list-style-image: url(http://www.globalmapper.com/images/bullet2.gif); list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.globalmapper.com/product/formats_vector.htm#FCC_Antenna_Structure_Registration_ASR_Files" style="color: #14149e; text-decoration: none;"&gt;FCC Antenna Structure Registration (ASR) Files&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style="list-style-image: url(http://www.globalmapper.com/images/bullet2.gif); list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.globalmapper.com/product/formats_vector.htm#GML_Geography_Markup_Language_Format" style="color: #14149e; text-decoration: none;"&gt;GML (Geography Markup Language) Format&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style="list-style-image: url(http://www.globalmapper.com/images/bullet2.gif); list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.globalmapper.com/product/formats_vector.htm#GPS_TrackMaker" style="color: #14149e; text-decoration: none;"&gt;GPS TrackMaker&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style="list-style-image: url(http://www.globalmapper.com/images/bullet2.gif); list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.globalmapper.com/product/formats_vector.htm#GPX_GPS_eXchange_Format_Files" style="color: #14149e; text-decoration: none;"&gt;GPX (GPS eXchange Format) Files&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style="list-style-image: url(http://www.globalmapper.com/images/bullet2.gif); list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.globalmapper.com/product/formats_vector.htm#Garmin_PCX5_Format_Waypoint_WPT,_Route_RTE,_and_Track_TRK_Files" style="color: #14149e; text-decoration: none;"&gt;Garmin PCX5 Format Waypoint (WPT), Route (RTE), and Track (TRK) Files&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style="list-style-image: url(http://www.globalmapper.com/images/bullet2.gif); list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.globalmapper.com/product/formats_vector.htm#Garmin_TCX_Training_Center_Database_Files" style="color: #14149e; text-decoration: none;"&gt;Garmin TCX (Training Center Database) Files&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style="list-style-image: url(http://www.globalmapper.com/images/bullet2.gif); list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.globalmapper.com/product/formats_vector.htm#GeoPDF®_Files" style="color: #14149e; text-decoration: none;"&gt;GeoPDF® Files&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style="list-style-image: url(http://www.globalmapper.com/images/bullet2.gif); list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.globalmapper.com/product/formats_vector.htm#HTF_Hydrographic_Transfer_Format" style="color: #14149e; text-decoration: none;"&gt;HTF (Hydrographic Transfer Format)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style="list-style-image: url(http://www.globalmapper.com/images/bullet2.gif); list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.globalmapper.com/product/formats_vector.htm#Hypack_LNW_Planned_Line_Files" style="color: #14149e; text-decoration: none;"&gt;Hypack LNW (Planned Line) Files&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style="list-style-image: url(http://www.globalmapper.com/images/bullet2.gif); list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.globalmapper.com/product/formats_vector.htm#Idrisi_Vector_VCT_Format" style="color: #14149e; text-decoration: none;"&gt;Idrisi Vector (VCT) Format&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style="list-style-image: url(http://www.globalmapper.com/images/bullet2.gif); list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.globalmapper.com/product/formats_vector.htm#JPEG_Image_with_Embedded_EXIF_Position_Information" style="color: #14149e; text-decoration: none;"&gt;JPEG Image with Embedded EXIF Position Information&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style="list-style-image: url(http://www.globalmapper.com/images/bullet2.gif); list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.globalmapper.com/product/formats_vector.htm#KML/KMZ_Formats" style="color: #14149e; text-decoration: none;"&gt;KML/KMZ Formats&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style="list-style-image: url(http://www.globalmapper.com/images/bullet2.gif); list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.globalmapper.com/product/formats_vector.htm#LMN_Spectra_Line_Management_Node_Files" style="color: #14149e; text-decoration: none;"&gt;LMN (Spectra Line Management Node) Files&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style="list-style-image: url(http://www.globalmapper.com/images/bullet2.gif); list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.globalmapper.com/product/formats_vector.htm#LizardTech_MrSID_MG4_Lidar" style="color: #14149e; text-decoration: none;"&gt;LizardTech MrSID MG4 Lidar&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style="list-style-image: url(http://www.globalmapper.com/images/bullet2.gif); list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.globalmapper.com/product/formats_vector.htm#Lowrance_LCM_MapCreate_Format" style="color: #14149e; text-decoration: none;"&gt;Lowrance LCM (MapCreate) Format&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style="list-style-image: url(http://www.globalmapper.com/images/bullet2.gif); list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.globalmapper.com/product/formats_vector.htm#Lowrance_SonarViewer_Format" style="color: #14149e; text-decoration: none;"&gt;Lowrance SonarViewer Format&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style="list-style-image: url(http://www.globalmapper.com/images/bullet2.gif); list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.globalmapper.com/product/formats_vector.htm#Lowrance_USR" style="color: #14149e; text-decoration: none;"&gt;Lowrance USR&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style="list-style-image: url(http://www.globalmapper.com/images/bullet2.gif); list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.globalmapper.com/product/formats_vector.htm#MagicMaps_IKT_Files" style="color: #14149e; text-decoration: none;"&gt;MagicMaps IKT Files&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style="list-style-image: url(http://www.globalmapper.com/images/bullet2.gif); list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.globalmapper.com/product/formats_vector.htm#MapInfo_MIF/MID_and_TAB/MAP_Formats" style="color: #14149e; text-decoration: none;"&gt;MapInfo MIF/MID and TAB/MAP Formats&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style="list-style-image: url(http://www.globalmapper.com/images/bullet2.gif); list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.globalmapper.com/product/formats_vector.htm#MapMaker_DRA_Drawing_Files" style="color: #14149e; text-decoration: none;"&gt;MapMaker DRA (Drawing) Files&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style="list-style-image: url(http://www.globalmapper.com/images/bullet2.gif); list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.globalmapper.com/product/formats_vector.htm#Marplot_MIE_Files" style="color: #14149e; text-decoration: none;"&gt;Marplot MIE Files&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style="list-style-image: url(http://www.globalmapper.com/images/bullet2.gif); list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.globalmapper.com/product/formats_vector.htm#MicroStation_DGN_Format" style="color: #14149e; text-decoration: none;"&gt;MicroStation DGN Format&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style="list-style-image: url(http://www.globalmapper.com/images/bullet2.gif); list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.globalmapper.com/product/formats_vector.htm#NIMA_GNS_GeoNet_Names_Server_Format" style="color: #14149e; text-decoration: none;"&gt;NIMA GNS (GeoNet Names Server) Format&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style="list-style-image: url(http://www.globalmapper.com/images/bullet2.gif); list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.globalmapper.com/product/formats_vector.htm#NMGF_Noise_Model_Grid_Format" style="color: #14149e; text-decoration: none;"&gt;NMGF (Noise Model Grid Format)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style="list-style-image: url(http://www.globalmapper.com/images/bullet2.gif); list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.globalmapper.com/product/formats_vector.htm#NOAA_DSDATA_Geodetic_Control,_SDTS_Format" style="color: #14149e; text-decoration: none;"&gt;NOAA DSDATA Geodetic Control, SDTS Format&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style="list-style-image: url(http://www.globalmapper.com/images/bullet2.gif); list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.globalmapper.com/product/formats_vector.htm#NTF_Grid/Contour_Format" style="color: #14149e; text-decoration: none;"&gt;NTF Grid/Contour Format&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style="list-style-image: url(http://www.globalmapper.com/images/bullet2.gif); list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.globalmapper.com/product/formats_vector.htm#OCAD_.OCD_Files" style="color: #14149e; text-decoration: none;"&gt;OCAD .OCD Files&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style="list-style-image: url(http://www.globalmapper.com/images/bullet2.gif); list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.globalmapper.com/product/formats_vector.htm#OpenStreetMap_OSM_Files" style="color: #14149e; text-decoration: none;"&gt;OpenStreetMap (OSM) Files&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style="list-style-image: url(http://www.globalmapper.com/images/bullet2.gif); list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.globalmapper.com/product/formats_vector.htm#Orca_XML" style="color: #14149e; text-decoration: none;"&gt;Orca XML&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style="list-style-image: url(http://www.globalmapper.com/images/bullet2.gif); list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.globalmapper.com/product/formats_vector.htm#OziExplorer_Waypoint_WPT,_Route_RTE,_and_Track_PLT_Files" style="color: #14149e; text-decoration: none;"&gt;OziExplorer Waypoint (WPT), Route (RTE), and Track (PLT) Files&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style="list-style-image: url(http://www.globalmapper.com/images/bullet2.gif); list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.globalmapper.com/product/formats_vector.htm#PLS-CADD_XYZ_Files" style="color: #14149e; text-decoration: none;"&gt;PLS-CADD XYZ Files&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style="list-style-image: url(http://www.globalmapper.com/images/bullet2.gif); list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.globalmapper.com/product/formats_vector.htm#Platte_River_ASCII_Digitizer_Format" style="color: #14149e; text-decoration: none;"&gt;Platte River ASCII Digitizer Format&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style="list-style-image: url(http://www.globalmapper.com/images/bullet2.gif); list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.globalmapper.com/product/formats_vector.htm#Polish_MP_cGPSMapper_Format" style="color: #14149e; text-decoration: none;"&gt;Polish MP (cGPSMapper) Format&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style="list-style-image: url(http://www.globalmapper.com/images/bullet2.gif); list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.globalmapper.com/product/formats_vector.htm#S-57_Digital_Chart_Files" style="color: #14149e; text-decoration: none;"&gt;S-57 Digital Chart Files&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style="list-style-image: url(http://www.globalmapper.com/images/bullet2.gif); list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.globalmapper.com/product/formats_vector.htm#S-63_Encrypted_Digital_Chart_Files" style="color: #14149e; text-decoration: none;"&gt;S-63 Encrypted Digital Chart Files&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style="list-style-image: url(http://www.globalmapper.com/images/bullet2.gif); list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.globalmapper.com/product/formats_vector.htm#SEGP1/UKOOA_Seismic_Shotpoint_Format" style="color: #14149e; text-decoration: none;"&gt;SEGP1/UKOOA Seismic Shotpoint Format&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style="list-style-image: url(http://www.globalmapper.com/images/bullet2.gif); list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.globalmapper.com/product/formats_vector.htm#SEGY/UKOOA_Seismic_Shotpoint_Format" style="color: #14149e; text-decoration: none;"&gt;SEGY/UKOOA Seismic Shotpoint Format&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style="list-style-image: url(http://www.globalmapper.com/images/bullet2.gif); list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.globalmapper.com/product/formats_vector.htm#SMT_KINGDOM_Software_Planimetric_Polygon_Format" style="color: #14149e; text-decoration: none;"&gt;SMT KINGDOM Software Planimetric Polygon Format&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style="list-style-image: url(http://www.globalmapper.com/images/bullet2.gif); list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.globalmapper.com/product/formats_vector.htm#SOSI_Files" style="color: #14149e; text-decoration: none;"&gt;SOSI Files&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style="list-style-image: url(http://www.globalmapper.com/images/bullet2.gif); list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.globalmapper.com/product/formats_vector.htm#SPS_Shell_Processing_Support" style="color: #14149e; text-decoration: none;"&gt;SPS (Shell Processing Support)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style="list-style-image: url(http://www.globalmapper.com/images/bullet2.gif); list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.globalmapper.com/product/formats_vector.htm#STL_Files" style="color: #14149e; text-decoration: none;"&gt;STL Files&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style="list-style-image: url(http://www.globalmapper.com/images/bullet2.gif); list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.globalmapper.com/product/formats_vector.htm#Surfer_BLN_Files" style="color: #14149e; text-decoration: none;"&gt;Surfer BLN Files&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style="list-style-image: url(http://www.globalmapper.com/images/bullet2.gif); list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.globalmapper.com/product/formats_vector.htm#TAF_Italian_Cadastral_Exchange_Format" style="color: #14149e; text-decoration: none;"&gt;TAF (Italian Cadastral Exchange Format)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style="list-style-image: url(http://www.globalmapper.com/images/bullet2.gif); list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.globalmapper.com/product/formats_vector.htm#TIGER/Line_Files" style="color: #14149e; text-decoration: none;"&gt;TIGER/Line Files&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style="list-style-image: url(http://www.globalmapper.com/images/bullet2.gif); list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.globalmapper.com/product/formats_vector.htm#Tobin_.bas_TDRBM_II_Format" style="color: #14149e; text-decoration: none;"&gt;Tobin .bas (TDRBM II) Format&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style="list-style-image: url(http://www.globalmapper.com/images/bullet2.gif); list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.globalmapper.com/product/formats_vector.htm#TomTom_OV2_Files" style="color: #14149e; text-decoration: none;"&gt;TomTom OV2 Files&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style="list-style-image: url(http://www.globalmapper.com/images/bullet2.gif); list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.globalmapper.com/product/formats_vector.htm#USGS_Digital_Line_Graph,_Optional_Format_DLG-O" style="color: #14149e; text-decoration: none;"&gt;USGS Digital Line Graph, Optional Format (DLG-O)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style="list-style-image: url(http://www.globalmapper.com/images/bullet2.gif); list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.globalmapper.com/product/formats_vector.htm#USGS_Digital_Line_Graph,_Spatial_Data_Transfer_Standard_Format_DLG/SDTS" style="color: #14149e; text-decoration: none;"&gt;USGS Digital Line Graph, Spatial Data Transfer Standard Format (DLG/SDTS)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style="list-style-image: url(http://www.globalmapper.com/images/bullet2.gif); list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.globalmapper.com/product/formats_vector.htm#USGS_Geographic_Names_Information_System_GNIS" style="color: #14149e; text-decoration: none;"&gt;USGS Geographic Names Information System (GNIS)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style="list-style-image: url(http://www.globalmapper.com/images/bullet2.gif); list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.globalmapper.com/product/formats_vector.htm#USGS_Land_Use_and_Land_Cover_Data_LULC" style="color: #14149e; text-decoration: none;"&gt;USGS Land Use and Land Cover Data (LULC)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style="list-style-image: url(http://www.globalmapper.com/images/bullet2.gif); list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.globalmapper.com/product/formats_vector.htm#VPF_VMAP0,_VMAP1,_DNC_Files" style="color: #14149e; text-decoration: none;"&gt;VPF (VMAP0, VMAP1, DNC) Files&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style="list-style-image: url(http://www.globalmapper.com/images/bullet2.gif); list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.globalmapper.com/product/formats_vector.htm#Vulcan3D_Triangulation_.00t_Files" style="color: #14149e; text-decoration: none;"&gt;Vulcan3D Triangulation (.00t) Files&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style="list-style-image: url(http://www.globalmapper.com/images/bullet2.gif); list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.globalmapper.com/product/formats_vector.htm#WAsP_.MAP_Format" style="color: #14149e; text-decoration: none;"&gt;WAsP .MAP Format&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style="list-style-image: url(http://www.globalmapper.com/images/bullet2.gif); list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.globalmapper.com/product/formats_vector.htm#XTF_eXtended_Triton_Format" style="color: #14149e; text-decoration: none;"&gt;XTF (eXtended Triton) Format&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1685427845194108708-62234170703436912?l=sergioibarra.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/ContaminacinAtmosfricaEstadsticaGeomticaYReflexiones/~4/HQf4glC6lXo" height="1" width="1"/&gt;</content><link rel="replies" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://sergioibarra.blogspot.com/feeds/62234170703436912/comments/default" title="Enviar comentarios" /><link rel="replies" type="text/html" href="http://sergioibarra.blogspot.com/2011/11/global-mapper-una-herramienta-para-el.html#comment-form" title="0 comentarios" /><link rel="edit" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1685427845194108708/posts/default/62234170703436912?v=2" /><link rel="self" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1685427845194108708/posts/default/62234170703436912?v=2" /><link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/ContaminacinAtmosfricaEstadsticaGeomticaYReflexiones/~3/HQf4glC6lXo/global-mapper-una-herramienta-para-el.html" title="Global Mapper, Una herramienta para el trabajo en SIG" /><author><name>Sergio Ibarra</name><uri>https://profiles.google.com/103315806903577475091</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel="http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail" width="32" height="32" src="//lh3.googleusercontent.com/-nvgsStOkP1w/AAAAAAAAAAI/AAAAAAAABc0/nmsnga3B1LE/s512-c/photo.jpg" /></author><thr:total>0</thr:total><feedburner:origLink>http://sergioibarra.blogspot.com/2011/11/global-mapper-una-herramienta-para-el.html</feedburner:origLink></entry><entry gd:etag="W/&quot;DU8GQHgyfip7ImA9WhRVGUo.&quot;"><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1685427845194108708.post-4515047428633412337</id><published>2011-11-06T18:54:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2012-01-19T04:57:01.696-08:00</updated><app:edited xmlns:app="http://www.w3.org/2007/app">2012-01-19T04:57:01.696-08:00</app:edited><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="MODEM" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="IVE" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Emisiones" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Emissions Inventories" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Emissions" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="R" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Inventarios de Emisiones" /><title>Inventarios de Emisiones, ¿Como se hacen? Primera clase de prueba</title><content type="html">&lt;div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"&gt;
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&lt;strong style="display: block; margin: 12px 0 4px;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.slideshare.net/xhie/inventarios-de-emisiones-viernes-41111web2" target="_blank" title="Inventarios de emisiones viernes 4_11_11_web_2"&gt;Inventarios de emisiones viernes 4_11_11_web_2&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;object height="497" id="__sse10052490" width="595"&gt; &lt;param name="movie" value="http://static.slidesharecdn.com/swf/ssplayer2.swf?doc=inventariosdeemisionesviernes41111web2-111106212547-phpapp01&amp;stripped_title=inventarios-de-emisiones-viernes-41111web2&amp;userName=xhie" /&gt;

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View more &lt;a href="http://www.slideshare.net/" target="_blank"&gt;presentations&lt;/a&gt; from &lt;a href="http://www.slideshare.net/xhie" target="_blank"&gt;CENMA&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-A86y6v-k5mQ/TsMyncD4zdI/AAAAAAAACFU/vfd_vOa1Rjo/s1600/3.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-A86y6v-k5mQ/TsMyncD4zdI/AAAAAAAACFU/vfd_vOa1Rjo/s1600/3.png" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Esta es mi primera presentación de una clase de Inventario de Emisiones, está como yo trabajo en Emisiones de Fuentes Móviles principalmente. Sin embargo, tambien tengo conocimiento de varias otras fuentes incluyendo combustión residencial y fuentes areales en general, emisiones de polvo de relaves por erosión eólica, fugitivas, entre otras, pero me centro en fuentes móviles.

El punto es que toda crítica, recomendación, sugerencia es bienvenida.

Esta presentación la creé para la clase de Contaminación Atmosférica de Laura Gallardo en el la Facultad de Ingeniería de la Universidad de Chile. En esta clase estamos viendo principalmente la ecuación de continuidad, y esta fue una corta clase de 20 minutos dentro de la clase de la profe, donde luego discutimos acerca de las fuentes de incertidumbre de los inventarios, entre otras cosas. Gracias.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1685427845194108708-4515047428633412337?l=sergioibarra.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/ContaminacinAtmosfricaEstadsticaGeomticaYReflexiones/~4/Y98KnKadvcM" height="1" width="1"/&gt;</content><link rel="replies" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://sergioibarra.blogspot.com/feeds/4515047428633412337/comments/default" title="Enviar comentarios" /><link rel="replies" type="text/html" href="http://sergioibarra.blogspot.com/2011/11/inventarios-de-emisiones-como-se-hacen.html#comment-form" title="0 comentarios" /><link rel="edit" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1685427845194108708/posts/default/4515047428633412337?v=2" /><link rel="self" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1685427845194108708/posts/default/4515047428633412337?v=2" /><link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/ContaminacinAtmosfricaEstadsticaGeomticaYReflexiones/~3/Y98KnKadvcM/inventarios-de-emisiones-como-se-hacen.html" title="Inventarios de Emisiones, ¿Como se hacen? Primera clase de prueba" /><author><name>Sergio Ibarra</name><uri>https://profiles.google.com/103315806903577475091</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel="http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail" width="32" height="32" src="//lh3.googleusercontent.com/-nvgsStOkP1w/AAAAAAAAAAI/AAAAAAAABc0/nmsnga3B1LE/s512-c/photo.jpg" /></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-A86y6v-k5mQ/TsMyncD4zdI/AAAAAAAACFU/vfd_vOa1Rjo/s72-c/3.png" height="72" width="72" /><thr:total>0</thr:total><feedburner:origLink>http://sergioibarra.blogspot.com/2011/11/inventarios-de-emisiones-como-se-hacen.html</feedburner:origLink></entry><entry gd:etag="W/&quot;CUINQXc_cSp7ImA9WhRTFEo.&quot;"><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1685427845194108708.post-4935876394673068755</id><published>2011-11-04T23:08:00.001-07:00</published><updated>2011-11-04T23:13:10.949-07:00</updated><app:edited xmlns:app="http://www.w3.org/2007/app">2011-11-04T23:13:10.949-07:00</app:edited><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Twitter" /><title>Pegando los tweets en blogger</title><content type="html">Acabo de aprender como pegar los tuits en blogger u otra aplicación en html Sólo ingresa a Embedly

La pregunta es simple, estoy buscando información de emisiones de relampagos y la generación de óxidos de nitrógeno. ¿Alguna ayuda?

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Gracias&lt;br/&gt;&lt;span class='embedly_timestamp'&gt;&lt;a title='Fri Nov 04 22:55:50 +0000 2011' href='http://twitter.com/Sergio_Ibarra/status/132591913906864128'&gt;Nov 04&lt;/a&gt; via web&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="tweet-actions"&gt;&lt;a href="https://twitter.com/intent/favorite?tweet_id=132591913906864128" class="favorite-action" title="Favorite"&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;Favorite&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href="https://twitter.com/intent/retweet?tweet_id=132591913906864128" class="retweet-action" title="Retweet"&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;Retweet&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href="https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?in_reply_to=132591913906864128" class="reply-action" title="Reply"&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;Reply&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1685427845194108708-4935876394673068755?l=sergioibarra.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/ContaminacinAtmosfricaEstadsticaGeomticaYReflexiones/~4/koSDFAxEI5c" height="1" width="1"/&gt;</content><link rel="replies" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://sergioibarra.blogspot.com/feeds/4935876394673068755/comments/default" title="Enviar comentarios" /><link rel="replies" type="text/html" href="http://sergioibarra.blogspot.com/2011/11/embedlytwitter52921376backgroundurlhttp.html#comment-form" title="0 comentarios" /><link rel="edit" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1685427845194108708/posts/default/4935876394673068755?v=2" /><link rel="self" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1685427845194108708/posts/default/4935876394673068755?v=2" /><link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/ContaminacinAtmosfricaEstadsticaGeomticaYReflexiones/~3/koSDFAxEI5c/embedlytwitter52921376backgroundurlhttp.html" title="Pegando los tweets en blogger" /><author><name>Sergio Ibarra</name><uri>https://profiles.google.com/103315806903577475091</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel="http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail" width="32" height="32" src="//lh3.googleusercontent.com/-nvgsStOkP1w/AAAAAAAAAAI/AAAAAAAABc0/nmsnga3B1LE/s512-c/photo.jpg" /></author><thr:total>0</thr:total><feedburner:origLink>http://sergioibarra.blogspot.com/2011/11/embedlytwitter52921376backgroundurlhttp.html</feedburner:origLink></entry><entry gd:etag="W/&quot;D0MERHY_fCp7ImA9WhdaFEQ.&quot;"><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1685427845194108708.post-3642367049523917585</id><published>2011-10-24T12:22:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2011-10-24T15:30:05.844-07:00</updated><app:edited xmlns:app="http://www.w3.org/2007/app">2011-10-24T15:30:05.844-07:00</app:edited><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Injusticia Ambiental" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Medio Ambiente" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Environmental Jutice" /><title>La Injusticia Ambiental y Territorial de Tiltil</title><content type="html">&lt;div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"&gt;
&lt;object data="http://www.emol.com/videos/flowSwf/flowplayer.commercial-3.2.5.swf" height="325" id="etv_rep_izq_up_api" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" width="580"&gt;&lt;param name="movie" value="http://www.emol.com/videos/flowSwf/flowplayer.commercial-3.2.5.swf" /&gt;

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&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: black; color: #ece6e6; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;h1 style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 20px; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-left: 5px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; width: 450px;"&gt;
&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: black;"&gt;
TilTil el patio trasero de Santiago&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;
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&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: black;"&gt;La alta contaminación ambiental, alza de pasajes de los buses y tres cárceles en el lugar son algunos problemas de esta comuna.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: black;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: black;"&gt;Fuente: &lt;a href="http://www.emol.com/videos/programas/indexSub.asp?id_emol=7449"&gt;EMOL&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1685427845194108708-3642367049523917585?l=sergioibarra.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/ContaminacinAtmosfricaEstadsticaGeomticaYReflexiones/~4/XXU4koI_4vI" height="1" width="1"/&gt;</content><link rel="replies" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://sergioibarra.blogspot.com/feeds/3642367049523917585/comments/default" title="Enviar comentarios" /><link rel="replies" type="text/html" href="http://sergioibarra.blogspot.com/2011/10/la-injusticia-ambiental-y-territorial.html#comment-form" title="0 comentarios" /><link rel="edit" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1685427845194108708/posts/default/3642367049523917585?v=2" /><link rel="self" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1685427845194108708/posts/default/3642367049523917585?v=2" /><link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/ContaminacinAtmosfricaEstadsticaGeomticaYReflexiones/~3/XXU4koI_4vI/la-injusticia-ambiental-y-territorial.html" title="La Injusticia Ambiental y Territorial de Tiltil" /><author><name>Sergio Ibarra</name><uri>https://profiles.google.com/103315806903577475091</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel="http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail" width="32" height="32" src="//lh3.googleusercontent.com/-nvgsStOkP1w/AAAAAAAAAAI/AAAAAAAABc0/nmsnga3B1LE/s512-c/photo.jpg" /></author><thr:total>0</thr:total><feedburner:origLink>http://sergioibarra.blogspot.com/2011/10/la-injusticia-ambiental-y-territorial.html</feedburner:origLink></entry><entry gd:etag="W/&quot;Dk4BQ3o7cCp7ImA9WhdaEEU.&quot;"><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1685427845194108708.post-277216787940321959</id><published>2011-10-19T21:29:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2011-10-19T21:29:12.408-07:00</updated><app:edited xmlns:app="http://www.w3.org/2007/app">2011-10-19T21:29:12.408-07:00</app:edited><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Google Earth" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Geomática" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Google" /><title>Imagenes Mosaico Georreferenciadas de Google Earth de Alta Definición con Stitch Map</title><content type="html">&lt;div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"&gt;
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&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-M0vCGlJe3_c/Tp-jMLMOCiI/AAAAAAAABmI/8aUCs2kmgio/s1600/stitchmap.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="191" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-M0vCGlJe3_c/Tp-jMLMOCiI/AAAAAAAABmI/8aUCs2kmgio/s320/stitchmap.png" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;
&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-rQ8UpcGHFzg/Tp-jOOLH9EI/AAAAAAAABmQ/8omeNJCqxRg/s1600/stitchmap2.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="200" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-rQ8UpcGHFzg/Tp-jOOLH9EI/AAAAAAAABmQ/8omeNJCqxRg/s320/stitchmap2.png" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Hoy en clase la ayudante de Gestión Ambiental Integrada (GAI) Pamela Smith comentó acerca de un programa que te permite obtener una sóla imagen de alta definición de Google Earth a través del mosaico de varias imagenes. Esto es a través de &lt;a href="http://www.taringa.net/posts/hazlo-tu-mismo/7355611/Guardar-en-mi-pc-las-imagenes-de-Google-Earth.html"&gt;Stitch Map&lt;/a&gt;. No muevas Google Earth mientras trabaja Stitch Map.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1685427845194108708-277216787940321959?l=sergioibarra.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/ContaminacinAtmosfricaEstadsticaGeomticaYReflexiones/~4/fjD9HvG3G-w" height="1" width="1"/&gt;</content><link rel="replies" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://sergioibarra.blogspot.com/feeds/277216787940321959/comments/default" title="Enviar comentarios" /><link rel="replies" type="text/html" href="http://sergioibarra.blogspot.com/2011/10/imagenes-mosaico-georreferenciadas-de.html#comment-form" title="0 comentarios" /><link rel="edit" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1685427845194108708/posts/default/277216787940321959?v=2" /><link rel="self" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1685427845194108708/posts/default/277216787940321959?v=2" /><link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/ContaminacinAtmosfricaEstadsticaGeomticaYReflexiones/~3/fjD9HvG3G-w/imagenes-mosaico-georreferenciadas-de.html" title="Imagenes Mosaico Georreferenciadas de Google Earth de Alta Definición con Stitch Map" /><author><name>Sergio Ibarra</name><uri>https://profiles.google.com/103315806903577475091</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel="http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail" width="32" height="32" src="//lh3.googleusercontent.com/-nvgsStOkP1w/AAAAAAAAAAI/AAAAAAAABc0/nmsnga3B1LE/s512-c/photo.jpg" /></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-M0vCGlJe3_c/Tp-jMLMOCiI/AAAAAAAABmI/8aUCs2kmgio/s72-c/stitchmap.png" height="72" width="72" /><thr:total>0</thr:total><feedburner:origLink>http://sergioibarra.blogspot.com/2011/10/imagenes-mosaico-georreferenciadas-de.html</feedburner:origLink></entry><entry gd:etag="W/&quot;CEUDQ3c8fip7ImA9WhdbGUQ.&quot;"><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1685427845194108708.post-8156537320603603399</id><published>2011-10-18T19:44:00.001-07:00</published><updated>2011-10-18T19:44:32.976-07:00</updated><app:edited xmlns:app="http://www.w3.org/2007/app">2011-10-18T19:44:32.976-07:00</app:edited><title>Joker feat. William Cartwright - On my mind</title><content type="html">&lt;iframe src="http://widgets.beggarspromo.com/onmymind/widget.php" style="margin: 0; padding: 0;" frameborder="0" scrolling="no" width="100%" height="180" data-audio-widget-jspf="http://widgets.beggarspromo.com/onmymind/jspf"&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1685427845194108708-8156537320603603399?l=sergioibarra.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/ContaminacinAtmosfricaEstadsticaGeomticaYReflexiones/~4/nd3wRKRkCl4" height="1" width="1"/&gt;</content><link rel="replies" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://sergioibarra.blogspot.com/feeds/8156537320603603399/comments/default" title="Enviar comentarios" /><link rel="replies" type="text/html" href="http://sergioibarra.blogspot.com/2011/10/joker-feat-william-cartwright-on-my.html#comment-form" title="0 comentarios" /><link rel="edit" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1685427845194108708/posts/default/8156537320603603399?v=2" /><link rel="self" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1685427845194108708/posts/default/8156537320603603399?v=2" /><link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/ContaminacinAtmosfricaEstadsticaGeomticaYReflexiones/~3/nd3wRKRkCl4/joker-feat-william-cartwright-on-my.html" title="Joker feat. William Cartwright - On my mind" /><author><name>Sergio Ibarra</name><uri>https://profiles.google.com/103315806903577475091</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel="http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail" width="32" height="32" src="//lh3.googleusercontent.com/-nvgsStOkP1w/AAAAAAAAAAI/AAAAAAAABc0/nmsnga3B1LE/s512-c/photo.jpg" /></author><thr:total>0</thr:total><feedburner:origLink>http://sergioibarra.blogspot.com/2011/10/joker-feat-william-cartwright-on-my.html</feedburner:origLink></entry><entry gd:etag="W/&quot;DkAERX04fip7ImA9WhRSFEw.&quot;"><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1685427845194108708.post-8926420237730777937</id><published>2011-10-12T07:31:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2011-11-15T19:38:24.336-08:00</updated><app:edited xmlns:app="http://www.w3.org/2007/app">2011-11-15T19:38:24.336-08:00</app:edited><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="GEO" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Geomática" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Geoestadística" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Estadística" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="R" /><title>GeoDa Center for Geospatial Analysis and Computation y  Spatial-Analyst R-GEO</title><content type="html">&lt;div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-7DPh11l7yFo/TsMv_PqP4oI/AAAAAAAACEs/gVzvYsYOQFs/s1600/R_SAGA_GE_logo.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-7DPh11l7yFo/TsMv_PqP4oI/AAAAAAAACEs/gVzvYsYOQFs/s1600/R_SAGA_GE_logo.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-7DPh11l7yFo/TsMv_PqP4oI/AAAAAAAACEs/gVzvYsYOQFs/s1600/R_SAGA_GE_logo.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
En twitter el otro día &lt;a href="http://elpost.cl/users/alex-godoy"&gt;Alex Godoy&lt;/a&gt; me dió el excelente &lt;a href="http://twitter.com/#!/AlexGodoyF/status/123574364569477120"&gt;dato&lt;/a&gt; acerca de una página de Geomática, que es&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://geodacenter.asu.edu/"&gt;GeoDa Center for Geospatial Analysis and Computation&lt;/a&gt;, nada de mal, que es un centro de investigación que desarrolla el estado dle arte y metodologías para el análisis geospacial, geovisualización, geosimulación y modelación de procesos espaciales, implementando soft.... etc, en pocas palabras excelente... Puedes bajar diferentes programas como &lt;a href="http://geodacenter.asu.edu/projects/opengeoda"&gt;GeoDa&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="http://code.google.com/p/pysal/"&gt;PsySAL&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="http://regionalanalysislab.org/index.php/Main/STARS"&gt;REGAL&lt;/a&gt;, y &lt;a href="http://geodacenter.asu.edu/projects/rsp"&gt;R-Geo&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;ul style="text-align: left;"&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://geodacenter.asu.edu/projects/opengeoda"&gt;GeoDa&lt;/a&gt;: Freeware de introducción al análisis de datos espaciales. Muy sencillo y liviano.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://code.google.com/p/pysal/"&gt;PsySAL&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;Open Source Python library for Spatial Analytical Functions: Librería open source de herramientas para el análisis espacial.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://regionalanalysislab.org/index.php/Main/STARS"&gt;REGAL&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;Regional Analysis Laboratory creó STARS Space-Time Analysis of Regional Systems. es un freeware open source diseñado para el análiss de datos de superficie.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://geodacenter.asu.edu/projects/rsp"&gt;R-Geo&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;SPATIAL-ANALYST.NET. Lejos lo mejor, se trata de un sitio web no comercial para usuarios interesads en el uso de herramientas geocomputacionales avanzadas. abarca ciencias de análisis de datos espacio-temporales geoestadísticas geovisualización, GPS tracing and navigaton, modelación, etc.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
Un apronte:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href="http://spatial-analyst.net/wiki/index.php?title=Software"&gt;Instalando R, ILWIS, SAGA y GRASS GIS&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;br /&gt;
provee instrucciones básicas para instalar R + Open Source Desktop GI (osgeo) + Google Earth, genial no?&lt;br /&gt;
Lo primero: &lt;a href="http://cran.r-project.org/web/views/Spatial.html"&gt;spatial analysis&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;pre class="code" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #eeeeee; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(47, 111, 171); border-bottom-style: dashed; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(47, 111, 171); border-left-style: dashed; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(47, 111, 171); border-right-style: dashed; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(47, 111, 171); border-top-style: dashed; border-top-width: 1px; color: black; line-height: 1.1em; padding-bottom: 1em; padding-left: 1em; padding-right: 1em; padding-top: 1em;"&gt;&lt;span class="re3" style="color: red; font-weight: bold;"&gt;&amp;gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;a href="http://rwiki.sciviews.org/doku.php?do=search&amp;amp;id=add\.scope" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none;"&gt;&lt;span class="kw2" style="color: #009900; font-weight: bold;"&gt;install.packages&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class="br0" style="color: red;"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://rwiki.sciviews.org/doku.php?do=search&amp;amp;id=c" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none;"&gt;&lt;span class="kw3" style="color: #009900; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;"&gt;c&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class="br0" style="color: red;"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="st0" style="color: #bb900c;"&gt;"rgdal"&lt;/span&gt;,&lt;span class="st0" style="color: #bb900c;"&gt;"maptools"&lt;/span&gt;,&lt;span class="st0" style="color: #bb900c;"&gt;"gstat"&lt;/span&gt;,&lt;span class="st0" style="color: #bb900c;"&gt;"spdep"&lt;/span&gt;,&lt;span class="st0" style="color: #bb900c;"&gt;"spatstat"&lt;/span&gt;,&lt;span class="st0" style="color: #bb900c;"&gt;"RSAGA"&lt;/span&gt;,&lt;span class="st0" style="color: #bb900c;"&gt;"spgrass6"&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="br0" style="color: red;"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="br0" style="color: red;"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;pre class="code" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #eeeeee; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(47, 111, 171); border-bottom-style: dashed; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(47, 111, 171); border-left-style: dashed; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(47, 111, 171); border-right-style: dashed; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(47, 111, 171); border-top-style: dashed; border-top-width: 1px; color: black; line-height: 1.1em; padding-bottom: 1em; padding-left: 1em; padding-right: 1em; padding-top: 1em;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://rwiki.sciviews.org/doku.php?do=search&amp;amp;id=add\.scope" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none;"&gt;&lt;span class="kw2" style="color: #009900; font-weight: bold;"&gt;install.packages&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class="br0" style="color: red;"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="st0" style="color: #bb900c;"&gt;"spgrass6"&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span class="re5" style="color: black;"&gt;dependencies&lt;/span&gt;=T&lt;span class="br0" style="color: red;"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Tengo muchas cosas que hacer&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1685427845194108708-8926420237730777937?l=sergioibarra.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/ContaminacinAtmosfricaEstadsticaGeomticaYReflexiones/~4/67vfJh56rgo" height="1" width="1"/&gt;</content><link rel="replies" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://sergioibarra.blogspot.com/feeds/8926420237730777937/comments/default" title="Enviar comentarios" /><link rel="replies" type="text/html" href="http://sergioibarra.blogspot.com/2011/10/geoda-center-for-geospatial-analysis.html#comment-form" title="0 comentarios" /><link rel="edit" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1685427845194108708/posts/default/8926420237730777937?v=2" /><link rel="self" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1685427845194108708/posts/default/8926420237730777937?v=2" /><link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/ContaminacinAtmosfricaEstadsticaGeomticaYReflexiones/~3/67vfJh56rgo/geoda-center-for-geospatial-analysis.html" title="GeoDa Center for Geospatial Analysis and Computation y  Spatial-Analyst R-GEO" /><author><name>Sergio Ibarra</name><uri>https://profiles.google.com/103315806903577475091</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel="http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail" width="32" height="32" src="//lh3.googleusercontent.com/-nvgsStOkP1w/AAAAAAAAAAI/AAAAAAAABc0/nmsnga3B1LE/s512-c/photo.jpg" /></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-7DPh11l7yFo/TsMv_PqP4oI/AAAAAAAACEs/gVzvYsYOQFs/s72-c/R_SAGA_GE_logo.jpg" height="72" width="72" /><thr:total>0</thr:total><feedburner:origLink>http://sergioibarra.blogspot.com/2011/10/geoda-center-for-geospatial-analysis.html</feedburner:origLink></entry><entry gd:etag="W/&quot;CEYCQ3c-eip7ImA9WhdbEkQ.&quot;"><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1685427845194108708.post-7134426386183165468</id><published>2011-10-10T17:15:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2011-10-10T17:16:02.952-07:00</updated><app:edited xmlns:app="http://www.w3.org/2007/app">2011-10-10T17:16:02.952-07:00</app:edited><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="ARCGIS" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Geomatica" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="SIG" /><title>Unir MDE y agregar coordenada z de elevación a shapes de puntos</title><content type="html">&lt;div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;img src="https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/-rNFHbGvKDcg/TpOKfX_ROfI/AAAAAAAABfg/CTHGnTKBSRY/s800/elevacion.png" /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"&gt;
Anteriormente vimos &lt;a href="http://sergioibarra.blogspot.com/2011/10/aster-global-digital-elevation-model.html"&gt;como bajar modelos digitales de elevación (MDE&lt;/a&gt;). Ahora mostraré como unir estos rasters en un archivo, y luego extraer las coordenada z de elevación a un shape de puntos.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"&gt;Revisando el blog de &lt;a href="http://www.acolita.com/unir-dos-varios-raster-dem-mdt-en-arcgis/"&gt;AColita&lt;/a&gt;, pude ver somo unir Rasters en uno o mas archivos:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 18px;"&gt;&lt;em style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-style: none; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 18px;"&gt;&lt;em style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-style: none; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"&gt;ArcToolbox &amp;gt; Data Management Tools &amp;gt; Raster &amp;gt; Raster Dataset &amp;gt; Mosaic To New Raster&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"&gt;Luego, revisando el blog &lt;a href="http://aguaysig.blogspot.com/2011/05/extraer-cotas-de-un-modelo-digital-de.html?showComment=1318291276459#c3559818757982518847"&gt;AguaySIG&lt;/a&gt;, se muestra el procedimiento para obtener la coordenada z a partir de un MDE. Para ello es necesario contar con un shape de puntos y un MDE.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: blue; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 18px;"&gt;&lt;em style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-style: none; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"&gt;ArcToolbox &amp;gt; 3D Analtyst Tools &amp;gt; Functional Surface &amp;gt; Surface Spot&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"&gt;tal como se ve en la imagen superior. Luego, la coordenada z se aprecia en la imagen inferior.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;img src="https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/-iOp9mDSHL9Q/TpOKfKqptXI/AAAAAAAABfc/VxgG6ABq4WE/s800/z.png" /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1685427845194108708-7134426386183165468?l=sergioibarra.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/ContaminacinAtmosfricaEstadsticaGeomticaYReflexiones/~4/dNTyJ0JpxU0" height="1" width="1"/&gt;</content><link rel="replies" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://sergioibarra.blogspot.com/feeds/7134426386183165468/comments/default" title="Enviar comentarios" /><link rel="replies" type="text/html" href="http://sergioibarra.blogspot.com/2011/10/unir-mde-y-agregar-coordenada-z-de.html#comment-form" title="0 comentarios" /><link rel="edit" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1685427845194108708/posts/default/7134426386183165468?v=2" /><link rel="self" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1685427845194108708/posts/default/7134426386183165468?v=2" /><link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/ContaminacinAtmosfricaEstadsticaGeomticaYReflexiones/~3/dNTyJ0JpxU0/unir-mde-y-agregar-coordenada-z-de.html" title="Unir MDE y agregar coordenada z de elevación a shapes de puntos" /><author><name>Sergio Ibarra</name><uri>https://profiles.google.com/103315806903577475091</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel="http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail" width="32" height="32" src="//lh3.googleusercontent.com/-nvgsStOkP1w/AAAAAAAAAAI/AAAAAAAABc0/nmsnga3B1LE/s512-c/photo.jpg" /></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/-rNFHbGvKDcg/TpOKfX_ROfI/AAAAAAAABfg/CTHGnTKBSRY/s72-c/elevacion.png" height="72" width="72" /><thr:total>0</thr:total><feedburner:origLink>http://sergioibarra.blogspot.com/2011/10/unir-mde-y-agregar-coordenada-z-de.html</feedburner:origLink></entry><entry gd:etag="W/&quot;Dk8DSXc9fCp7ImA9WhRSFEw.&quot;"><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1685427845194108708.post-2013976112884425349</id><published>2011-10-09T22:46:00.001-07:00</published><updated>2011-11-15T19:41:18.964-08:00</updated><app:edited xmlns:app="http://www.w3.org/2007/app">2011-11-15T19:41:18.964-08:00</app:edited><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Plot" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="googleVis" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="GEO" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Educacion" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Geomatica" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Google" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="R" /><title>Gasto público en educación según % PIB, con R y googleVis en Blogger</title><content type="html">&lt;div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"&gt;
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height="350px" id="google-visualization-geomap-embed-0" menuc="false" name="google-visualization-geomap-embed-0" quality="high" src="http://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/static/modules/gviz/1.0/geomap/geomap.swf" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" width="700px" wmode="opaque"&gt;&lt;/embed&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
Data: Gasto público en educación según % PIB Chart ID: &lt;a href="http://localhost:32417/custom/googleVis/Chart_GeoMapID5ce44fdf.html"&gt;GeoMapID5ce44fdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
R version 2.13.2 (2011-09-30)  &lt;a href="http://code.google.com/p/google-motion-charts-with-r/"&gt;googleVis-0.2.10&lt;/a&gt;
 &lt;a href="http://code.google.com/apis/visualization/terms.html"&gt;Google Terms of Use&lt;/a&gt;  &lt;a href="http://code.google.com/apis/chart/interactive/docs/gallery/geomap.html#Data_Policy"&gt;Data Policy&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Después de darme algunas vueltas con R y considerando el tema nacional acerca de las movilizaciones por educación decidí crear un gráfico que mostrara el Gasto público en educación según % PIB por país para el año 2007.&lt;br /&gt;
Para crear este gráfico seguí los pasos mostrados en el excelente blog &lt;a href="http://spatialanalysis.co.uk/"&gt;Spatian Analytics&lt;/a&gt;, específicamente este &lt;a href="http://spatialanalysis.co.uk/2011/02/using-r-to-map-with-google-chart-tools/"&gt;post&lt;/a&gt;. La base de datos es de la &lt;a href="http://data.un.org/Data.aspx?d=UNESCO&amp;amp;f=series%3aXGDP_FSGOV"&gt;ONU&lt;/a&gt;, usé &lt;a href="http://www.r-project.org/"&gt;R&lt;/a&gt;, la librería &lt;a href="http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/googleVis/index.html"&gt;googleVis&lt;/a&gt;, y algunos consejos de &lt;a href="http://code.google.com/p/google-motion-charts-with-r/wiki/GadgetExamples#Geo_Map"&gt;Google Chart&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Luego, el código es:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 0px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: separate; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Lucida Console'; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px; text-align: -webkit-left; white-space: pre-wrap;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;pre class="GD40030CLR" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; font-family: 'Lucida Console'; font-size: 10pt !important; line-height: 1.3; outline-color: initial; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; white-space: pre-wrap !important;" tabindex="0"&gt;&lt;span class="GD40030CCR ace_keyword" style="color: blue;"&gt;install.packages("googleVis"); &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue;"&gt;library(googleVis);&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;pre class="GD40030CLR" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; font-family: 'Lucida Console'; font-size: 10pt !important; line-height: 1.3; outline-color: initial; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; white-space: pre-wrap !important;" tabindex="0"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue;"&gt;edu &amp;lt;- read.csv("C:/data/edu.csv", h=T)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;pre class="GD40030CLR" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; font-family: 'Lucida Console'; font-size: 10pt !important; line-height: 1.3; outline-color: initial; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; white-space: pre-wrap !important;" tabindex="0"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue;"&gt;attach(edu); &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue;"&gt;names(edu)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;pre class="GD40030CLR" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; font-family: 'Lucida Console'; font-size: 10pt !important; line-height: 1.3; outline-color: initial; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; white-space: pre-wrap !important;" tabindex="0"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;"&gt;[1] "Pais"       "Año"        "Porcentaje"&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;pre class="GD40030CLR" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; font-family: 'Lucida Console'; font-size: 10pt !important; line-height: 1.3; outline-color: initial; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; white-space: pre-wrap !important;" tabindex="0"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue;"&gt;Geo=gvisGeoMap(edu, locationvar="Pais", numvar="Porcentaje",&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;"&gt;&lt;span class="GD40030COR ace_keyword" style="color: blue; white-space: pre;"&gt;+ &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="GD40030CCR ace_keyword" style="color: blue;"&gt;options=list(height=300, dataMode='regions'))&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Lucida Console'; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px; white-space: pre-wrap;"&gt;plot(Geo)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Lucida Console'; font-size: x-small;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 17px; white-space: pre-wrap;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Ahora se guarda la página web que se abrirá mostrándonos el gráfico. Luego, subí el archivo html a &lt;a href="http://www.dropbox.com/"&gt;Dropbox&lt;/a&gt;, abrí el archivo desde ahí y vi el código fuente de la página usando Google Chrome, lo copié y lo pegué en la edición de Entradas en HTML. Finalmente modifiqué el tamaño del gráfico de manera que se vea Chile.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Abajo subo una imagen para que se vea con flipard&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;
&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-9_iXeeFhLKk/TsMw1wjkyII/AAAAAAAACE0/6wP1--H_jS4/s1600/1.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="182" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-9_iXeeFhLKk/TsMw1wjkyII/AAAAAAAACE0/6wP1--H_jS4/s320/1.png" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1685427845194108708-2013976112884425349?l=sergioibarra.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/ContaminacinAtmosfricaEstadsticaGeomticaYReflexiones/~4/XUwaZUL-xqA" height="1" width="1"/&gt;</content><link rel="replies" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://sergioibarra.blogspot.com/feeds/2013976112884425349/comments/default" title="Enviar comentarios" /><link rel="replies" type="text/html" href="http://sergioibarra.blogspot.com/2011/10/geomapid400e2f81-body-color-444444-font.html#comment-form" title="0 comentarios" /><link rel="edit" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1685427845194108708/posts/default/2013976112884425349?v=2" /><link rel="self" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1685427845194108708/posts/default/2013976112884425349?v=2" /><link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/ContaminacinAtmosfricaEstadsticaGeomticaYReflexiones/~3/XUwaZUL-xqA/geomapid400e2f81-body-color-444444-font.html" title="Gasto público en educación según % PIB, con R y googleVis en Blogger" /><author><name>Sergio Ibarra</name><uri>https://profiles.google.com/103315806903577475091</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel="http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail" width="32" height="32" src="//lh3.googleusercontent.com/-nvgsStOkP1w/AAAAAAAAAAI/AAAAAAAABc0/nmsnga3B1LE/s512-c/photo.jpg" /></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-9_iXeeFhLKk/TsMw1wjkyII/AAAAAAAACE0/6wP1--H_jS4/s72-c/1.png" height="72" width="72" /><thr:total>0</thr:total><feedburner:origLink>http://sergioibarra.blogspot.com/2011/10/geomapid400e2f81-body-color-444444-font.html</feedburner:origLink></entry><entry gd:etag="W/&quot;CkEBRns8fip7ImA9WhRbGU0.&quot;"><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1685427845194108708.post-4901563451041023216</id><published>2011-10-09T21:54:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2012-02-10T11:04:17.576-08:00</updated><app:edited xmlns:app="http://www.w3.org/2007/app">2012-02-10T11:04:17.576-08:00</app:edited><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="RASTER" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="GIS" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Geomática" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Geomatica" /><title>ASTER Global Digital Elevation Model (DEM)</title><content type="html">&lt;div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"&gt;
&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 19px;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 19px;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 19px;"&gt;Buscando Modelos Digitales de Elevación (&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 19px;"&gt;Digital Elevation Model; DEM) encontré el&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 19px;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.gdem.aster.ersdac.or.jp/"&gt;The ASTER Global Digital Elevation Mode&lt;/a&gt;l (ASTER GDEM), con resolución de celdas de 30 mts!!! &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 19px;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 19px;"&gt;&lt;img alt="title" src="http://www.ersdac.or.jp/GDEM/E/image/title.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 19px;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 19px;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;table border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0"&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td rowspan="2" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 19px;" valign="top"&gt;File Name(Example of N35~36,E135~136)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;th style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"&gt;ASTGTM_ N35E135_dem.tif&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"&gt;ASTGTM_ N35E135_num.tif&lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 19px;"&gt;&lt;img height="254" src="http://www.ersdac.or.jp/GDEM/E/image/fdem.gif" width="244" /&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 19px;"&gt;&lt;img height="254" src="http://www.ersdac.or.jp/GDEM/E/image/fnum.gif" width="244" /&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 19px;"&gt;Output format&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 19px;"&gt;GeoTIFF, signed 16 bits&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 19px;"&gt;Geographic coordinates&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 19px;"&gt;Geographic latitude and longitude&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 19px;"&gt;Tile Size&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 19px;"&gt;3601-by-3601 pixels (1-by-1 degree)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 19px;"&gt;Posting interval&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 19px;"&gt;1 arc-second&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 19px;"&gt;DN values&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 19px;" width="250"&gt;1m/DN referenced to the WGS84/EGM96 geoid-9999 for void pixels, and 0 for sea water body&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 19px;" width="250"&gt;Stacking number or reference DEM&lt;br /&gt;
SRTM3:-1,-2&lt;br /&gt;
CDED:-6&lt;br /&gt;
Alaska DEM:-11 etc.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 19px;"&gt;Coverage&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 19px;"&gt;North 83 degrees to south 83 degrees, 22,600 tiles&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 19px;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 19px;"&gt;Algunas características:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 19px;"&gt;Resolución celda 30 mts, con precisión de 7 a 14 mts,&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 19px;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 19px;"&gt;&lt;img alt="22" src="http://www.ersdac.or.jp/GDEM/E/image/2-2.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 19px;"&gt;Para bajar la información hay que clickear en "search", en&amp;nbsp;http://www.gdem.aster.ersdac.or.jp/search.jsp específicamente. Lo mas fácil es contar con shapefiles en coordenadas geográficas del área a descargar. Así, lo que hice fue bajar los archivos shape de la Región Metropolitana desde &lt;a href="http://www.rulamahue.cl/mapoteca/fichas/ficha13utm.html"&gt;Rulamahue&lt;/a&gt; que vienen en UTM WGS84 19S, abrirlos en Arcgis, convertirlos a coordenadas geográficas, y subir este archivo al buscador para descargar los DEM requeridos. Información original leida en&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.acolita.com/descargar-imagenes-satelitales-dem-gratis-de-aster-gdem/"&gt;http://www.acolita.com/descargar-imagenes-satelitales-dem-gratis-de-aster-gdem/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1685427845194108708-4901563451041023216?l=sergioibarra.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/ContaminacinAtmosfricaEstadsticaGeomticaYReflexiones/~4/6OdKXDBVSLQ" height="1" width="1"/&gt;</content><link rel="replies" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://sergioibarra.blogspot.com/feeds/4901563451041023216/comments/default" title="Enviar comentarios" /><link rel="replies" type="text/html" href="http://sergioibarra.blogspot.com/2011/10/aster-global-digital-elevation-model.html#comment-form" title="0 comentarios" /><link rel="edit" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1685427845194108708/posts/default/4901563451041023216?v=2" /><link rel="self" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1685427845194108708/posts/default/4901563451041023216?v=2" /><link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/ContaminacinAtmosfricaEstadsticaGeomticaYReflexiones/~3/6OdKXDBVSLQ/aster-global-digital-elevation-model.html" title="ASTER Global Digital Elevation Model (DEM)" /><author><name>Sergio Ibarra</name><uri>https://profiles.google.com/103315806903577475091</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel="http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail" width="32" height="32" src="//lh3.googleusercontent.com/-nvgsStOkP1w/AAAAAAAAAAI/AAAAAAAABc0/nmsnga3B1LE/s512-c/photo.jpg" /></author><thr:total>0</thr:total><feedburner:origLink>http://sergioibarra.blogspot.com/2011/10/aster-global-digital-elevation-model.html</feedburner:origLink></entry><entry gd:etag="W/&quot;CEIGQ3s8fSp7ImA9WhdbEk8.&quot;"><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1685427845194108708.post-561879822123353261</id><published>2011-10-07T08:58:00.001-07:00</published><updated>2011-10-09T21:55:22.575-07:00</updated><app:edited xmlns:app="http://www.w3.org/2007/app">2011-10-09T21:55:22.575-07:00</app:edited><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="2015" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="proyeccion" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="ARIMA" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="SARIMA" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Pasajeros" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="R" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Aeropuertos" /><title>Proyección del número de pasajeros SCL año 2015 con R</title><content type="html">&lt;div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"&gt;
&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #2c2b2b; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; line-height: 18px;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;h2 class="post-title entry-title" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(227, 227, 227); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-style: none; border-top-width: 0px; font: normal normal normal 18px/normal arial; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"&gt;


Proyección del número de pasajeros SCL año 2015 con R&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;div class="entry-content clearfix" style="clear: both; display: block; margin-top: 10px;"&gt;
&lt;div style="border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-style: none; border-top-width: 0px; margin-top: 10px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"&gt;
&lt;img src="https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/-Pr6pPji_F8A/To9R2iuIyhI/AAAAAAAABe8/KpITx4Cr8dA/s512/scl2015.png" /&gt;&lt;a href="http://aire.cenma.cl/sibarra/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/scl2015.png" style="color: #1772af; text-decoration: none;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;Desde&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://www.jac-chile.cl/" style="color: #1772af; text-decoration: none;"&gt;http://www.jac-chile.cl/&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;es posible acceder una base de datos muy completa de pasajeros y datos de aeropuertos de Chile. Entonces, realicé una pequeña proyección de pasajeros al año 2015. Primero bajé los datos mensuales para Santiago desde el 2004 al 2008, n=60. Luego, después de hojear varios libros, llegué a cual es la metodología citada en la literatura. Particularmente, leía &amp;nbsp;el libro&lt;a href="http://www.stata.com/bookstore/imtsa.html" style="color: #1772af; text-decoration: none;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;Time Series de Stata&amp;nbsp;&lt;/a&gt;release 10. La metodología correspondía a un modelo SARIMA multiplicativo del tipo (0,1,1)x(0,1,1)12 (Box&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;et al&lt;/em&gt;, 1994). Esto es Moving-Average del término anterior (proceso con memoria), al igual que la estacionalidad en base de 12 meses. Para este trabajo ocupé&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://cran.r-project.org/" style="color: #1772af; text-decoration: none;"&gt;R&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;(R Development Core Team, 2011) con la librería “&lt;a href="http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/forecast/forecast.pdf" style="color: #1772af; text-decoration: none;"&gt;forecast&lt;/a&gt;” (Hyndman , 2011).&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;pre&gt;#Primero cuentas con la base de datos, no???. Luego instalamos la librería "forecast"
install.packages("forecast")
pas &amp;lt;- ts(pas)
m6 &amp;lt;- Arima((logpas),order=c(0,1,1), seasonal=list(order=c(0,1,1),period=12))
r6 &amp;lt;- residuals(m6)
par(mfrow=c(2,2))
plot(pas, xlab="Meses 2004-2008", ylab="Pasajeros", main="Pasajeros AMB v/s meses")
plot(forecast(m6,h=84), xlab="Meses 2004-2015", ylab="LOGPasajeros")
acf(r6)
pacf(r6); #y puedes ver la imagen generada arriba &lt;img alt=":)" class="wp-smiley" src="http://aire.cenma.cl/sibarra/wp-includes/images/smilies/icon_smile.gif" style="border-bottom-style: none !important; border-bottom-width: 4px; border-color: initial !important; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none !important; border-left-width: 4px; border-right-style: none !important; border-right-width: 4px; border-top-style: none !important; border-top-width: 4px; border-width: initial !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; height: auto; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; max-width: 98%; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;" /&gt; &lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;div style="border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-style: none; border-top-width: 0px; margin-top: 10px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"&gt;
Box, G. E. P., G. M. Jenkins, and G. C. Reinsel. 1994. Time Series Analysis: Forecasting and Control. 3rd ed. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style="text-decoration: underline;"&gt;EN&lt;/span&gt;: Stata. 2007. Time Series Manual. ISBN-10 1-59718-019-X.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style="border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-style: none; border-top-width: 0px; margin-top: 10px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"&gt;
R&amp;nbsp;Development Core Team (2011). R: A language and environment for&amp;nbsp;statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing,&amp;nbsp;Vienna, Austria. ISBN 3-900051-07-0, URL http://www.R-project.org/.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style="border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-style: none; border-top-width: 0px; margin-top: 10px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"&gt;
Rob J Hyndman &amp;lt;Rob.Hyndman@monash.edu&amp;gt; (2011). forecast: Forecasting&amp;nbsp;functions for time series. R package version 2.19.&amp;nbsp;http://CRAN.R-project.org/package=forecast&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1685427845194108708-561879822123353261?l=sergioibarra.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/ContaminacinAtmosfricaEstadsticaGeomticaYReflexiones/~4/dKHZch0dPgk" height="1" width="1"/&gt;</content><link rel="replies" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://sergioibarra.blogspot.com/feeds/561879822123353261/comments/default" title="Enviar comentarios" /><link rel="replies" type="text/html" href="http://sergioibarra.blogspot.com/2011/10/proyeccion-del-numero-de-pasajeros-scl.html#comment-form" title="0 comentarios" /><link rel="edit" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1685427845194108708/posts/default/561879822123353261?v=2" /><link rel="self" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1685427845194108708/posts/default/561879822123353261?v=2" /><link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/ContaminacinAtmosfricaEstadsticaGeomticaYReflexiones/~3/dKHZch0dPgk/proyeccion-del-numero-de-pasajeros-scl.html" title="Proyección del número de pasajeros SCL año 2015 con R" /><author><name>Sergio Ibarra</name><uri>https://profiles.google.com/103315806903577475091</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel="http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail" width="32" height="32" src="//lh3.googleusercontent.com/-nvgsStOkP1w/AAAAAAAAAAI/AAAAAAAABc0/nmsnga3B1LE/s512-c/photo.jpg" /></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/-Pr6pPji_F8A/To9R2iuIyhI/AAAAAAAABe8/KpITx4Cr8dA/s72-c/scl2015.png" height="72" width="72" /><thr:total>0</thr:total><feedburner:origLink>http://sergioibarra.blogspot.com/2011/10/proyeccion-del-numero-de-pasajeros-scl.html</feedburner:origLink></entry><entry gd:etag="W/&quot;CEIHQnc8fSp7ImA9WhdbEk8.&quot;"><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1685427845194108708.post-4080075208274087787</id><published>2011-10-07T08:57:00.001-07:00</published><updated>2011-10-09T21:55:33.975-07:00</updated><app:edited xmlns:app="http://www.w3.org/2007/app">2011-10-09T21:55:33.975-07:00</app:edited><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Emisiones" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Carreteras" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Copert" /><title>ESTIMACIÓN DE LAS EMISIONES DE CARRETERAS DE LA REGIÓN METROPOLITANA APLICANDO METODOLOGÍAS COPERT III Y IV</title><content type="html">&lt;div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"&gt;
&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #2c2b2b; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; line-height: 18px;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;h2 class="post-title entry-title" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(227, 227, 227); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-style: none; border-top-width: 0px; font: normal normal normal 18px/normal arial; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"&gt;

&lt;div style="border-bottom: solid #E3E3E3 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #E3E3E3 .75pt; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 0cm 0cm 4.0pt 0cm;"&gt;
&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="border: none; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #E3E3E3 .75pt; mso-outline-level: 2; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 4.0pt 0cm; padding: 0cm;"&gt;
&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; color: #2c2b2b; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://aire.cenma.cl/sibarra/?p=392" title="Enlace permanente a ESTIMACIÓN DE LAS EMISIONES DE CARRETERAS DE LA REGIÓN METROPOLITANA APLICANDO METODOLOGÍAS COPERT III Y IV"&gt;&lt;span style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 1pt; border-top-color: windowtext; border-top-style: none; border-top-width: 1pt; color: #074d7c; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 0cm; padding-right: 0cm; padding-top: 0cm; text-decoration: none;"&gt;ESTIMACIÓN DE LAS
EMISIONES DE CARRETERAS DE LA REGIÓN METROPOLITANA APLICANDO METODOLOGÍAS
COPERT III Y IV&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 3.75pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 15.0pt; mso-outline-level: 1;"&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"&gt;Sergio Ibarra&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;(1) y José Salim (1)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.5pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 7.5pt;"&gt;
&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; color: #2c2b2b; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 6pt;"&gt;(1) Laboratorio de Modelación e Inventario de
Emisiones, Centro Nacional del Medio ambiente, Universidad de Chile, Santiago,
Chile&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.5pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 7.5pt; text-align: center;"&gt;
&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; color: #2c2b2b; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;"&gt;e-mail:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; color: #2c2b2b; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;"&gt;&lt;a href="mailto:sibarra@cenma.cl"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="color: #1772af; text-decoration: none;"&gt;sibarra@cenma.cl&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; color: #2c2b2b; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;"&gt;,&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; color: #2c2b2b; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;"&gt;&lt;a href="mailto:jsalim@cenma.cl"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="color: #1772af; text-decoration: none;"&gt;jsalim@cenma.cl&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; color: #2c2b2b; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.5pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 7.5pt;"&gt;
&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; color: #2c2b2b; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;"&gt;Palabras
Claves:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; color: #2c2b2b; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;Emisiones, Carreteras, Copert&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.5pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 7.5pt;"&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; color: #2c2b2b; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;"&gt;Introducción&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; color: #2c2b2b; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;"&gt;:
Las emisiones de carreteras han sido estimadas a nivel regional (Dictuc, 2007)
con Modem (Mideplan, 2010) aplicando una simplificación de la metodología
Copert III (Nziachristos y Samaras, 2000). Sin embargo, esta metodología se
actualizó (Nziachristos y Samaras, 2009). Por eso, es necesario evaluar los
cambios.&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;Objetivo&lt;/b&gt;: Estimar las emisiones de carreteras.&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;Materiales&lt;/b&gt;:
Red de carreteras RM 2008, Censo vehicular de carreteras RM 2008, factores de
emisión Copert III de Modem y Copert IV.&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;Resultados&lt;/b&gt;: Con Copert IV
aumentan emisiones de MP10 en 43 t/año, MP2.5 40 t/año, HC 5279 t/año, NH&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;3
t/año, y CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;, 5503 t/año, y disminuyen las emisiones de CO 4178
t/año, SO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;, 13 t/año, CH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;20 t/año. &amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;Conclusión&lt;/b&gt;:
Se constatan diferencias en las emisiones resultantes (Ver tabla 1).&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.5pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 7.5pt;"&gt;
&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; color: #2c2b2b; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://aire.cenma.cl/sibarra/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/Poster-Carreteras_Ibarra.pptx"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #1772af; text-decoration: none;"&gt;Poster
Carreteras_Ibarra&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1685427845194108708-4080075208274087787?l=sergioibarra.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/ContaminacinAtmosfricaEstadsticaGeomticaYReflexiones/~4/KRpxVozaNwI" height="1" width="1"/&gt;</content><link rel="replies" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://sergioibarra.blogspot.com/feeds/4080075208274087787/comments/default" title="Enviar comentarios" /><link rel="replies" type="text/html" href="http://sergioibarra.blogspot.com/2011/10/estimacion-de-lasemisiones-de.html#comment-form" title="0 comentarios" /><link rel="edit" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1685427845194108708/posts/default/4080075208274087787?v=2" /><link rel="self" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1685427845194108708/posts/default/4080075208274087787?v=2" /><link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/ContaminacinAtmosfricaEstadsticaGeomticaYReflexiones/~3/KRpxVozaNwI/estimacion-de-lasemisiones-de.html" title="ESTIMACIÓN DE LAS EMISIONES DE CARRETERAS DE LA REGIÓN METROPOLITANA APLICANDO METODOLOGÍAS COPERT III Y IV" /><author><name>Sergio Ibarra</name><uri>https://profiles.google.com/103315806903577475091</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel="http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail" width="32" height="32" src="//lh3.googleusercontent.com/-nvgsStOkP1w/AAAAAAAAAAI/AAAAAAAABc0/nmsnga3B1LE/s512-c/photo.jpg" /></author><thr:total>0</thr:total><feedburner:origLink>http://sergioibarra.blogspot.com/2011/10/estimacion-de-lasemisiones-de.html</feedburner:origLink></entry><entry gd:etag="W/&quot;DUEMQ388cCp7ImA9WhRVGUo.&quot;"><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1685427845194108708.post-5223504493313405323</id><published>2011-10-07T08:56:00.001-07:00</published><updated>2012-01-19T04:54:42.178-08:00</updated><app:edited xmlns:app="http://www.w3.org/2007/app">2012-01-19T04:54:42.178-08:00</app:edited><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Polvo Resuspendido" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Emisiones" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Silt" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Flujo vehicular" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="MP10" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="ANOVA" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="R" /><title>INFLUENCIA DEL CÉSPED EN LA ESTIMACIÓN DE MATERIAL PARTICULADO RESUSPENDIDO DE CALLES</title><content type="html">&lt;div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"&gt;
&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #2c2b2b; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; line-height: 18px;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;h2 class="post-title entry-title" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(227, 227, 227); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-style: none; border-top-width: 0px; font: normal normal normal 18px/normal arial; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"&gt;



INFLUENCIA DEL CÉSPED EN LA ESTIMACIÓN DE MATERIAL PARTICULADO RESUSPENDIDO DE CALLES&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;div class="entry-content clearfix" style="clear: both; display: block; margin-top: 10px;"&gt;
&lt;div style="border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-style: none; border-top-width: 0px; margin-top: 10px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Sergio Ibarra (1)&lt;/strong&gt;, Javier González-Barrientos (2) y José Salim (1)&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style="border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-style: none; border-top-width: 0px; margin-top: 10px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"&gt;
(1) Laboratorio de Modelación e Inventario de Emisiones&lt;br /&gt;
(2) Laboratorio de Biodiversidad Acuática&lt;br /&gt;
Centro Nacional del Medio ambiente&lt;br /&gt;
Universidad de Chile&lt;br /&gt;
Santiago, Chile&lt;br /&gt;
e-mail: sibarra@cenma.cl&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style="border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-style: none; border-top-width: 0px; margin-top: 10px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"&gt;
Palabras Claves: Emisiones, Silt, MP10, Polvo Resuspendido&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style="border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-style: none; border-top-width: 0px; margin-top: 10px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"&gt;
Introducción: Las emisiones de material particulado re-suspendido de caminos pavimentados es la principal fuente de MP10 en Santiago (Cenma, 2002). Estas emisiones dependen del limo superficial (silt) del camino (g/m2) (AP-42, 2011) (Intec, 1994). Es de interés conocer parámetros que puedan influenciar la formación de limo. Materiales: Campaña de muestreo de silt RM 2010 considerando cobertura de costado de calle. Además, programa Modem 5, perfiles, flujos y composiciones vehiculares RM 2010. Metodologia: ANOVA randomizada de dos vías (Manley, 1997) Resultados: La cobertura de la calle adyacente influye significativamente (tabla 1) en la formación de Silt. Escenario: con presencia de césped sobre calles adyacentes con flujo menores a 10000 (veh/dia) las emisiones de MP10 disminuirían 2479 t/año. Conclusión: La presencia de césped adyacente a la calle disminuiría la formación de limo.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style="border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-style: none; border-top-width: 0px; margin-top: 10px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"&gt;
Tabla 1. ANOVA Cobertura y flujo sobre silt&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;pre&gt;                    DF  SS      MS   F     p
 Cobertura          2  2.090  1.045 3.56 0.0346
 Flujo              3  5.062  1.687 5.75 0.0016
 Cobertura x Flujo  6  4.322  0.720 2.45 0.0348
 Error              60 17.610 0.293&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;div style="border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-style: none; border-top-width: 0px; margin-top: 10px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: center;"&gt;
&lt;img src="https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/-HGsSG0CePtA/To9R2lE6jzI/AAAAAAAABe4/iUzQBgC7liE/s640/imagen.png" /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style="border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-style: none; border-top-width: 0px; margin-top: 10px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: center;"&gt;
Figura 1.&amp;nbsp;Silt por flujo y cobertura adyacente.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style="border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-style: none; border-top-width: 0px; margin-top: 10px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Referencias&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
CENMA Mejoramiento del inventario de emisiones de la Región Metropolitana. Informe técnico para la Comisión Nacional del Medio Ambiente. 2002.&lt;br /&gt;
AP 42-EPA. Chapter 13, Miscellaneous sources; Paved Roads. AP-42, 15 edition, Compilation of air pollutants and emission factors.&lt;br /&gt;
INTEC. Metodologías para Estimación y Reducción de emisiones de polvo de calles. Informe técnico para la Intendencia Metropolitana. 1994.&lt;br /&gt;
Manly BF. Randomization, bootstrap and Monte Carlo methods in biology. London, Chapman and Hall, 281p. 1997&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style="border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-style: none; border-top-width: 0px; margin-top: 10px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Agradecimientos&lt;/strong&gt;. Centro Nacional del Medio Ambiente. Financiamiento Ministerio de Medio Ambiente&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style="border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-style: none; border-top-width: 0px; margin-top: 10px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"&gt;
&lt;a href="http://aire.cenma.cl/sibarra/wp-content/uploads/2011/07/Poster-Polvo_resuspendido_Ibarra_etal.pptx" style="color: #1772af; text-decoration: none;"&gt;Poster Polvo_resuspendido_Ibarra_etal&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style="border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-style: none; border-top-width: 0px; margin-top: 10px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"&gt;
&lt;a href="http://aire.cenma.cl/sibarra/wp-content/uploads/2011/07/Presentaci%C3%B3n-Polvo_resuspendido_Ibarra_etal.pptx" style="color: #1772af; text-decoration: none;"&gt;Presentación Polvo_resuspendido_Ibarra_etal&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1685427845194108708-5223504493313405323?l=sergioibarra.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/ContaminacinAtmosfricaEstadsticaGeomticaYReflexiones/~4/XT1Oi_umpkg" height="1" width="1"/&gt;</content><link rel="replies" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://sergioibarra.blogspot.com/feeds/5223504493313405323/comments/default" title="Enviar comentarios" /><link rel="replies" type="text/html" href="http://sergioibarra.blogspot.com/2011/10/influencia-del-cesped-en-la-estimacion.html#comment-form" title="0 comentarios" /><link rel="edit" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1685427845194108708/posts/default/5223504493313405323?v=2" /><link rel="self" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1685427845194108708/posts/default/5223504493313405323?v=2" /><link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/ContaminacinAtmosfricaEstadsticaGeomticaYReflexiones/~3/XT1Oi_umpkg/influencia-del-cesped-en-la-estimacion.html" title="INFLUENCIA DEL CÉSPED EN LA ESTIMACIÓN DE MATERIAL PARTICULADO RESUSPENDIDO DE CALLES" /><author><name>Sergio Ibarra</name><uri>https://profiles.google.com/103315806903577475091</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel="http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail" width="32" height="32" src="//lh3.googleusercontent.com/-nvgsStOkP1w/AAAAAAAAAAI/AAAAAAAABc0/nmsnga3B1LE/s512-c/photo.jpg" /></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/-HGsSG0CePtA/To9R2lE6jzI/AAAAAAAABe4/iUzQBgC7liE/s72-c/imagen.png" height="72" width="72" /><thr:total>0</thr:total><feedburner:origLink>http://sergioibarra.blogspot.com/2011/10/influencia-del-cesped-en-la-estimacion.html</feedburner:origLink></entry><entry gd:etag="W/&quot;DUECQHs_cCp7ImA9WhRVGUo.&quot;"><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1685427845194108708.post-4577877448046505171</id><published>2011-10-07T08:54:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2012-01-19T04:54:21.548-08:00</updated><app:edited xmlns:app="http://www.w3.org/2007/app">2012-01-19T04:54:21.548-08:00</app:edited><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Monóxido de Carbono" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="CO" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Santiago" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Salud ambiental" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="R" /><title>CO y Mortalidad. Análisis con R usando datos cargados de Internet</title><content type="html">&lt;div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"&gt;
&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #2c2b2b; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; line-height: 18px;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;h2 class="post-title entry-title" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(227, 227, 227); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-style: none; border-top-width: 0px; font: normal normal normal 18px/normal arial; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"&gt;



CO y Mortalidad. Análisis con R usando datos cargados de Internet&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;div class="entry-content clearfix" style="clear: both; display: block; margin-top: 10px;"&gt;
&lt;div style="border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-style: none; border-top-width: 0px; margin-top: 10px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"&gt;
&lt;img src="https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/-x_K04jrY45E/To9R2UGA9XI/AAAAAAAABe0/YBTbECxq6-A/s480/histograma1.png" /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
En Octubre del 2009, en las&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://www.quimicambiental.cl/" style="color: #1772af; text-decoration: none;"&gt;V Jornadas Latinoamericanas de Química y Física Ambiental&lt;/a&gt;, presenté un trabajo que compara el&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://aire.cenma.cl/sibarra/?p=68" style="color: #1772af; text-decoration: none;"&gt;efecto del monóxido de carbono ambiental sobre la mortalidad de los habitantes de Santiago, Chile y Buenos Aires, Argentina&lt;/a&gt;. Para este trabajo se tomaron datos de mortalidad total, masculina, femenina, de menores de 14 años, de 14 a 65 y mayores a 65 años de las ciudades de Santiago y Buenos Aires. Para que fuesen comparables utilicé la misma metodología que consiste en un&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://www.stanford.edu/~hastie/Papers/dominiciR2.pdf" style="color: #1772af; text-decoration: none;"&gt;Modelo Semi-Paramétrico&lt;/a&gt;de&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/pscl/vignettes/countreg.pdf" style="color: #1772af; text-decoration: none;"&gt;regresión quasi-poisson&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;de la mortalidad esperada sobre los días de la semana, mes, monóxido de carbono, temperatura, humedad relativa y tiempo (variables estadísticamente significativas). Las variables de confusión fueron controladas usando los suavizadores&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://www.amazon.ca/Generalized-Additive-Models-Introduction-R/dp/1584884746" style="color: #1772af; text-decoration: none;"&gt;cubic splines&lt;/a&gt;. Se consideró sólamente el CO pues esos eran los datos disponibles de monitoreo en Buenos Aires.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style="border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-style: none; border-top-width: 0px; margin-top: 10px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"&gt;
En Marzo del 2011 se realizó el curso&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://www.aespro.cl/index.php?option=com_content&amp;amp;view=category&amp;amp;id=10&amp;amp;Itemid=16" style="color: #1772af; text-decoration: none;"&gt;R-Básico&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;a cargo de&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://www.aespro.cl/" style="color: #1772af; text-decoration: none;"&gt;AESPRO&lt;/a&gt;. Durante ese curso presenté un breve resumen de mi presentación &amp;nbsp;del CO, y en ella mostré como cargar datos desde Internet y realizar algunas estadísticas básicas usando&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://had.co.nz/ggplot2/geom_histogram.html" style="color: #1772af; text-decoration: none;"&gt;ggplot 2&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style="border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-style: none; border-top-width: 0px; margin-top: 10px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"&gt;
Ahora repetiré las instrucciones:&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style="border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-style: none; border-top-width: 0px; margin-top: 10px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"&gt;
Primero Abrir R en Windows o escribir R en una consola de Linux, yo uso&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://www.ubuntu.com/" style="color: #1772af; text-decoration: none;"&gt;Ubuntu-Linux&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;pre&gt;&lt;strong&gt;# Establecer el working directory&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;pre&gt;&lt;strong&gt;setwd("/home/sergio/r") #Mi carpeta "r" dentro de mi home "sergio"&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;pre&gt;&lt;strong&gt;datos &amp;lt;- read.csv("http://aire.cenma.cl/sibarra/datos/saba.csv", header=T)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;pre&gt;&lt;strong&gt;attach(datos)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;pre&gt;&lt;strong&gt;names(datos)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;pre&gt;&lt;strong&gt;#tenemos todas las variables para operar con ellas&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;pre&gt;&lt;strong&gt;range(dia) #vemos que contamos con 665 días de observación&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;pre&gt;&lt;strong&gt;#luego cargamos la librería ggplot2 para ver histogramas a color&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;pre&gt;&lt;strong&gt;library(ggplot2)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;pre&gt;&lt;strong&gt;png("histograma.png", width = 480, height = 680,units="px")&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;pre&gt;&lt;strong&gt;#Con esto creamos el archivo "histograma.png" que contendrá la imagen&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;pre&gt;&lt;strong&gt;#que se especifica a continuación. Este archivo se encuentra en el Working Directory&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;pre&gt;&lt;strong&gt;m &amp;lt;- ggplot(datos, aes(x=m_s))&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;pre&gt;&lt;strong&gt;m + geom_histogram(aes(fill = ..count..)) +&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;pre&gt;&lt;strong&gt;scale_fill_gradient("Count", low = "yellow", high = "red") +&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;pre&gt;&lt;strong&gt;opts(title = "Histograma de la mortalidad en Santiago")&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;pre&gt;&lt;strong&gt;dev.off()&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;pre&gt;&lt;strong&gt;#la imagen está posteada al comienzo&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;pre&gt;&lt;strong&gt;#Se aprecia ligeramente una distribución no normal, de contar con mas datos&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;pre&gt;&lt;strong&gt;#de apreciaría mejor&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;pre&gt;&lt;strong&gt;mean(m_s)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;pre&gt;&lt;strong&gt;var(m_s)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;pre&gt;&lt;strong&gt;#se aprecia que la varianza es mayor que la media, otro indicador que no es normal,&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;pre&gt;&lt;strong&gt;# y además es poisson&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;pre&gt;&lt;strong&gt;#Para hacer estas pruebas uso el software STATA, resultados que aquí no incluiré&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;pre&gt;&lt;strong&gt;#Ahora, algo de regresiones&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;pre&gt;&lt;strong&gt;library(mgcv)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;pre&gt;&lt;strong&gt;m1 &amp;lt;- gam(m_s~lu+ma+mi+ju+vi+sa+do, family=quasipoisson)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;pre&gt;&lt;strong&gt;summary(m1) #se ve que el día lunes es estadísticamente significativo&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;pre&gt;&lt;strong&gt;m2 &amp;lt;- gam(m_male_s~lu+ma+mi+ju+vi+sa+do, family=quasipoisson)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;pre&gt;&lt;strong&gt;summary(m2)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;pre&gt;&lt;strong&gt;#se ve que el día lunes, sábado y domingo son estadísticamente significativos&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;pre&gt;&lt;strong&gt;m3 &amp;lt;- gam(m_female_s~lu+ma+mi+ju+vi+sa+do, family=quasipoisson)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;pre&gt;&lt;strong&gt;summary(m3)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;pre&gt;&lt;strong&gt;#No se aprecian efectos del día estadísticamente significativo
s&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1685427845194108708-4577877448046505171?l=sergioibarra.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/ContaminacinAtmosfricaEstadsticaGeomticaYReflexiones/~4/Gj_eUB2eXac" height="1" width="1"/&gt;</content><link rel="replies" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://sergioibarra.blogspot.com/feeds/4577877448046505171/comments/default" title="Enviar comentarios" /><link rel="replies" type="text/html" href="http://sergioibarra.blogspot.com/2011/10/co-y-mortalidad.html#comment-form" title="0 comentarios" /><link rel="edit" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1685427845194108708/posts/default/4577877448046505171?v=2" /><link rel="self" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1685427845194108708/posts/default/4577877448046505171?v=2" /><link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/ContaminacinAtmosfricaEstadsticaGeomticaYReflexiones/~3/Gj_eUB2eXac/co-y-mortalidad.html" title="CO y Mortalidad. Análisis con R usando datos cargados de Internet" /><author><name>Sergio Ibarra</name><uri>https://profiles.google.com/103315806903577475091</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel="http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail" width="32" height="32" src="//lh3.googleusercontent.com/-nvgsStOkP1w/AAAAAAAAAAI/AAAAAAAABc0/nmsnga3B1LE/s512-c/photo.jpg" /></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/-x_K04jrY45E/To9R2UGA9XI/AAAAAAAABe0/YBTbECxq6-A/s72-c/histograma1.png" height="72" width="72" /><thr:total>0</thr:total><feedburner:origLink>http://sergioibarra.blogspot.com/2011/10/co-y-mortalidad.html</feedburner:origLink></entry><entry gd:etag="W/&quot;DUABR3w7eyp7ImA9WhRVGUo.&quot;"><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1685427845194108708.post-9173122818011557816</id><published>2011-10-07T08:46:00.001-07:00</published><updated>2012-01-19T04:55:56.203-08:00</updated><app:edited xmlns:app="http://www.w3.org/2007/app">2012-01-19T04:55:56.203-08:00</app:edited><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Vehicles" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Vehiculares" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Emisiones" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="2015" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Proyección" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="R" /><title>Proyección Vehículos Particulares 1986-2015 Región Metropolitana</title><content type="html">&lt;div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"&gt;
&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #2c2b2b; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; line-height: 18px;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;h2 class="post-title entry-title" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(227, 227, 227); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-style: none; border-top-width: 0px; font: normal normal normal 18px/normal arial; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"&gt;



Proyección Vehículos Particulares 1986-2015 Región Metropolitana&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;div class="entry-content clearfix" style="clear: both; display: block; margin-top: 10px;"&gt;
&lt;div style="border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-style: none; border-top-width: 0px; margin-top: 10px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"&gt;
&lt;span style="color: black;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;
&lt;a href="http://farm6.static.flickr.com/5090/5371115682_a1d91a1ee1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img alt="" border="0" class="aligncenter" height="499" src="http://farm6.static.flickr.com/5090/5371115682_a1d91a1ee1.jpg" style="border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 4px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(227, 227, 227); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 4px; border-right-color: rgb(227, 227, 227); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 4px; border-top-color: rgb(227, 227, 227); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 4px; display: block; height: auto; margin-top: 5px; max-width: 98%; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;" title="Vehiculos Particulares y PIB 1986-2009" width="500" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
A continuación, presentaré un trabajo que consiste en establecer la relación entre el número anual de vehículos particulares de la Región Metropolitana de Santiago entre los años 1986 y 2009 y el producto interno bruto entre los años 1986 y 2009. Los datos vehiculares fueron extraidos de las bases de datos de los Permisos de Circulación, solicitables al&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://www.ine.cl/" style="color: #1772af; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas"&gt;INE&lt;/a&gt;, y los datos de PIB de la base de datos del&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://www.bcentral.cl/bde/index.htm" style="color: #1772af; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Base de Datos del Banco Central"&gt;Banco Central&lt;/a&gt;. Los gráficos fueron creados con la&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://had.co.nz/ggplot2/" style="color: #1772af; text-decoration: none;"&gt;ggplot2&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;en&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://cran.r-project.org/" style="color: #1772af; text-decoration: none;"&gt;R&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;pre&gt;&lt;span style="color: navy;"&gt;&amp;gt; setwd("C:/data")&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;pre&gt;&lt;span style="color: navy;"&gt;&amp;gt; p3&amp;lt;-read.csv("pib3.csv",header=T)&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;pre&gt;&lt;span style="color: navy;"&gt;&amp;gt; attach(p3)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;pre&gt;&lt;span style="color: navy;"&gt;&amp;gt; names(p3)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;pre&gt;&lt;span style="color: navy;"&gt;[1] "year" "pib" "vp" "vc" "m" "cl" "cm" "cp" "b"&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;pre&gt;&lt;span style="color: navy;"&gt;&amp;gt; library(ggplot2)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;pre&gt;&lt;span style="color: navy; font-size: 10px;"&gt;&amp;gt; qplot(pib,vp,data=p3,xlab="Producto Interno Bruto de Chile 1986-2009",&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;pre&gt;&lt;span style="color: navy; font-size: 10px;"&gt;ylab="Vehículos Particulares 1986-2009", geom = c("point", "smooth"), span = 0.7)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;pre&gt;&lt;span style="color: navy;"&gt;#Al parecer, hay una relación cúbica#&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;pre&gt;&lt;span style="color: navy;"&gt;#Probaré relaciones lineales, cuadráticas y cúbicas y evaluaré con AIC)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;pre&gt;&lt;span style="color: navy;"&gt;&amp;gt; pib2=pib^2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;pre&gt;&lt;span style="color: navy;"&gt;&amp;gt; pib3=pib^3&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;pre&gt;&lt;span style="color: navy;"&gt;&amp;gt; m1&amp;lt;-lm(vp~pib)&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;pre&gt;&lt;span style="color: navy;"&gt;&amp;gt; summary(m1)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;pre&gt;&lt;span style="color: navy; font-size: 10px;"&gt;&amp;gt; m3&amp;lt;-lm(vp~pib2)&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;pre&gt;&lt;span style="color: navy; font-size: 10px;"&gt;&amp;gt; summary(m3)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;pre&gt;&lt;span style="color: navy; font-size: 10px;"&gt;&amp;gt; m6&amp;lt;-lm(vp~pib3)&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;pre&gt;&lt;span style="color: navy; font-size: 10px;"&gt;&amp;gt; summary(m6)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;pre&gt;&lt;span style="color: navy; font-size: 10px;"&gt;&amp;gt; AIC(m1,m3,m6)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;pre&gt;&lt;span style="color: navy;"&gt;df AIC&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;pre&gt;&lt;span style="color: navy;"&gt;m1 3 502.9549&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;pre&gt;&lt;span style="color: navy;"&gt;m3 3 496.0973&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;pre&gt;&lt;span style="color: navy;"&gt;m6 3 498.9691&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;pre&gt;&lt;span style="color: navy;"&gt;#Entonces, modelo 3#&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;div style="border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-style: none; border-top-width: 0px; margin-top: 10px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"&gt;
&lt;span style="color: black;"&gt;Ahora, que tengo la relación, pronostico el parque de vehículos particulares al año 2015, mediante los datos del Fondo Monetario Internacional&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2010/02/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=48&amp;amp;pr.y=9&amp;amp;sy=1990&amp;amp;ey=2015&amp;amp;scsm=1&amp;amp;ssd=1&amp;amp;sort=country&amp;amp;ds=.&amp;amp;br=1&amp;amp;c=228&amp;amp;s=NGDP_R&amp;amp;grp=0&amp;amp;a=" style="color: #1772af; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="PIB de Chile 1990-2015"&gt;FMI&lt;/a&gt;. (No se como limpiar la base de datos, asi es que cierro R y lo vuelvo a abrir)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style="border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-style: none; border-top-width: 0px; margin-top: 10px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;pre&gt;&lt;span style="color: navy;"&gt;&amp;gt; setwd("c:/data")&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;pre&gt;&lt;span style="color: navy;"&gt;&amp;gt; vpib&amp;lt;-read.csv("vpr.csv",header=T)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;pre&gt;&lt;span style="color: navy;"&gt;&amp;gt; attach(vpib)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;pre&gt;&lt;span style="color: navy;"&gt;&amp;gt; names(vpib)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
&lt;pre&gt;&lt;span style="color: navy;"&gt;[1] "año" "pib" "vp" &amp;nbsp;"pro"&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;pre&gt;&lt;span style="color: navy;"&gt;&amp;gt; library(ggplot2)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;pre&gt;&lt;span style="color: navy;"&gt;#La variable vp tiene datos del 2010 al 2015 y la variable pro indica&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;pre&gt;&lt;span style="color: navy;"&gt;con 0 si no esta pronósticado y con 1 si lo está#&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;pre&gt;&lt;span style="color: navy;"&gt;&amp;gt; p&amp;lt;-qplot(año,vp,data=vpib,xlab="Período 1986-2015 (año)",&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;pre&gt;&lt;span style="color: navy;"&gt;ylab="Vehículos Particulares 1986-2015", geom = c("point", "smooth"), span = 0.7, color=pro)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;pre&gt;&lt;span style="color: navy;"&gt;&amp;gt; p+opts(title = "Vehículos Particulares 1986-2009 y pronóstico 2010-2015")&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;
&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-i36eGl4AHmU/TsMxGruzBpI/AAAAAAAACE8/GsQHiqzKdOo/s1600/5370510115_01ebf4d900.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="319" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-i36eGl4AHmU/TsMxGruzBpI/AAAAAAAACE8/GsQHiqzKdOo/s320/5370510115_01ebf4d900.jpg" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Y he ahí el resultado es la primera imagen de este Post&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1685427845194108708-9173122818011557816?l=sergioibarra.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/ContaminacinAtmosfricaEstadsticaGeomticaYReflexiones/~4/Hyfb8EEuHh0" height="1" width="1"/&gt;</content><link rel="replies" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://sergioibarra.blogspot.com/feeds/9173122818011557816/comments/default" title="Enviar comentarios" /><link rel="replies" type="text/html" href="http://sergioibarra.blogspot.com/2011/10/proyeccion-vehiculos-particulares-1986.html#comment-form" title="0 comentarios" /><link rel="edit" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1685427845194108708/posts/default/9173122818011557816?v=2" /><link rel="self" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1685427845194108708/posts/default/9173122818011557816?v=2" /><link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/ContaminacinAtmosfricaEstadsticaGeomticaYReflexiones/~3/Hyfb8EEuHh0/proyeccion-vehiculos-particulares-1986.html" title="Proyección Vehículos Particulares 1986-2015 Región Metropolitana" /><author><name>Sergio Ibarra</name><uri>https://profiles.google.com/103315806903577475091</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel="http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail" width="32" height="32" src="//lh3.googleusercontent.com/-nvgsStOkP1w/AAAAAAAAAAI/AAAAAAAABc0/nmsnga3B1LE/s512-c/photo.jpg" /></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="http://farm6.static.flickr.com/5090/5371115682_a1d91a1ee1_t.jpg" height="72" width="72" /><thr:total>0</thr:total><feedburner:origLink>http://sergioibarra.blogspot.com/2011/10/proyeccion-vehiculos-particulares-1986.html</feedburner:origLink></entry><entry gd:etag="W/&quot;DUINSXs6cSp7ImA9WhRVGUo.&quot;"><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1685427845194108708.post-3715121933545370816</id><published>2011-10-07T08:43:00.001-07:00</published><updated>2012-01-19T04:53:18.519-08:00</updated><app:edited xmlns:app="http://www.w3.org/2007/app">2012-01-19T04:53:18.519-08:00</app:edited><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Material Particulado" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Emisiones" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="MP10" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="fuentes móviles" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="vehicles vehiculares" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="R" /><title>Distribución de las emisiones diarias de Fuentes Móviles de MP10 en las comunas del Gran Santiago (Kg/dia)</title><content type="html">&lt;div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"&gt;
&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #2c2b2b; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; line-height: 18px;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;h2 class="post-title entry-title" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(227, 227, 227); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-style: none; border-top-width: 0px; font: normal normal normal 18px/normal arial; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"&gt;



Distribución de las emisiones diarias de Fuentes Móviles de MP10 en las comunas del Gran Santiago (Kg/dia)&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black; font-size: 12px; line-height: 18px;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;div class="entry-content clearfix" style="clear: both; display: block; margin-top: 10px;"&gt;
&lt;div style="border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-style: none; border-top-width: 0px; margin-top: 10px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"&gt;
&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;
&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-Vo5Vzd51nFw/TsMxV3ExMWI/AAAAAAAACFE/YS1r8O0v8dw/s1600/5179667611_0bf48711d2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="636" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-Vo5Vzd51nFw/TsMxV3ExMWI/AAAAAAAACFE/YS1r8O0v8dw/s640/5179667611_0bf48711d2.jpg" width="640" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Después de mucho trabajo, y con la ayuda de&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://aire.cenma.cl/lmie/fuentes-moviles" style="color: #1772af; text-decoration: none;"&gt;Cristina Pereira&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;y&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://aire.cenma.cl/lmie/fuentes-areales" style="color: #1772af; text-decoration: none;"&gt;Diego Díaz&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;pude distribuir las emisiones diarias de Fuentes Móviles de MP10 (Kgr/día) en las comunas del Gran Santiago, usando&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://had.co.nz/ggplot2/" style="color: #1772af; text-decoration: none;"&gt;ggplot2&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;en&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://cran.r-project.org/" style="color: #1772af; text-decoration: none;"&gt;R&lt;/a&gt;. Los datos de emisiones son de Fuentes Móviles año base 2007 estimados usando&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://aire.cenma.cl/sibarra/?page_id=89" style="color: #1772af; text-decoration: none;"&gt;CENMOVIL&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style="border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-style: none; border-top-width: 0px; margin-top: 10px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"&gt;
El proceso es el siguiente:&lt;br /&gt;
Contar con R&lt;br /&gt;
Seguir los pasos descritos en&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://spatialanalysis.co.uk/2010/09/27/maps-with-ggplot2/" style="color: #1772af; text-decoration: none;"&gt;ggplot2&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Contar con archivos SHAPE de emisiones comunales&lt;br /&gt;
Función&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://dl.dropbox.com/u/10640416/poly_coords_function.R" style="color: #1772af; text-decoration: none;"&gt;Poly Coords&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Tener instalados los paquetes maptools, RColorBrewer, ggplot2&lt;br /&gt;
y Seguir&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://spatialanalysis.co.uk/files/2010/09/ggplot2_maps.txt" style="color: #1772af; text-decoration: none;"&gt;este tutorial&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;de&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://spatialanalysis.co.uk/" style="color: #1772af; text-decoration: none;"&gt;www.SpatialAnalysis.co.uk&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style="border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-style: none; border-top-width: 0px; margin-top: 10px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"&gt;
También encontré instrucciones para en&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://geography.uoregon.edu/geogr/topics/maps.htm" style="color: #1772af; text-decoration: none;"&gt;Oregon University&lt;/a&gt;, pero ggplot2 es mas mejor!&lt;br /&gt;
Saludos&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1685427845194108708-3715121933545370816?l=sergioibarra.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/ContaminacinAtmosfricaEstadsticaGeomticaYReflexiones/~4/Dd5vN82p9c0" height="1" width="1"/&gt;</content><link rel="replies" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://sergioibarra.blogspot.com/feeds/3715121933545370816/comments/default" title="Enviar comentarios" /><link rel="replies" type="text/html" href="http://sergioibarra.blogspot.com/2011/10/distribucion-de-las-emisiones-diarias.html#comment-form" title="0 comentarios" /><link rel="edit" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1685427845194108708/posts/default/3715121933545370816?v=2" /><link rel="self" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1685427845194108708/posts/default/3715121933545370816?v=2" /><link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/ContaminacinAtmosfricaEstadsticaGeomticaYReflexiones/~3/Dd5vN82p9c0/distribucion-de-las-emisiones-diarias.html" title="Distribución de las emisiones diarias de Fuentes Móviles de MP10 en las comunas del Gran Santiago (Kg/dia)" /><author><name>Sergio Ibarra</name><uri>https://profiles.google.com/103315806903577475091</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel="http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail" width="32" height="32" src="//lh3.googleusercontent.com/-nvgsStOkP1w/AAAAAAAAAAI/AAAAAAAABc0/nmsnga3B1LE/s512-c/photo.jpg" /></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-Vo5Vzd51nFw/TsMxV3ExMWI/AAAAAAAACFE/YS1r8O0v8dw/s72-c/5179667611_0bf48711d2.jpg" height="72" width="72" /><thr:total>0</thr:total><feedburner:origLink>http://sergioibarra.blogspot.com/2011/10/distribucion-de-las-emisiones-diarias.html</feedburner:origLink></entry><entry gd:etag="W/&quot;CEINR3Y6fCp7ImA9WhdbEk8.&quot;"><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1685427845194108708.post-4998861055293377215</id><published>2011-10-07T08:40:00.001-07:00</published><updated>2011-10-09T21:56:36.814-07:00</updated><app:edited xmlns:app="http://www.w3.org/2007/app">2011-10-09T21:56:36.814-07:00</app:edited><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Chaitén" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="SO2" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Volcán" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Contaminción Atmosférica" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Dióxido de Azufre" /><title>Estimación de las emisiones de dióxido de azufre del volcán Chaitén</title><content type="html">&lt;div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"&gt;
&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #2c2b2b; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; line-height: 18px;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;h2 class="post-title entry-title" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(227, 227, 227); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-style: none; border-top-width: 0px; font: normal normal normal 18px/normal arial; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"&gt;

Estimación de las emisiones de dióxido de azufre del volcán Chaitén&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;div class="entry-content clearfix" style="clear: both; display: block; margin-top: 10px;"&gt;
&lt;div style="border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-style: none; border-top-width: 0px; margin-top: 10px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"&gt;
Luis Gutiérrez (1), Sergio Ibarra (1,2), Roberto Rojas (1), Cristián Recabarren (1), Sebastián Salazar (1), Luis Da Silva (1) y Eduardo Mera (1)&lt;br /&gt;
(1) Laboratorio de Medio Ambiente y Energías Renovables, Departamento de Física, Universidad Tecnológica Metropolitana&lt;br /&gt;
(2) Centro Nacional del Medio Ambiente, Universidad de Chile&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style="border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-style: none; border-top-width: 0px; margin-top: 10px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"&gt;
luis.gutierrez @utem.cl&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Resumen&lt;/strong&gt;: El impacto generado por la actividad geotérmica de las erupciones del volcán Chaitén ocurridas durante mayo de 2008, se estudia cuantificando las emisiones de dióxido de azufre. El cálculo de las emisiones se hizo a través del estudio de los antecedentes históricos (1), utilizando la relación de cálculo de Tier 3 (2). Los resultados permiten disponer de mejores antecedentes para evaluar los reales alcances de magnitud sobre el inventario de emisiones en las regiones involucradas por estas erupciones volcánicas.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style="border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-style: none; border-top-width: 0px; margin-top: 10px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Referencias&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;[1] Andres R.J., Kasgnoc A.D. (1997),. A time average Inventory of Subaerial Volcanic Sulpur Emissions, J.Geophys.Res. 103, 2525125261.&lt;br /&gt;
[2] Bluth G.J.S, Schnetzler C.C., Krueger A.J., Walter L.S. (1993), The contribution of explosive volcanism to global atmospheric sulphur dioxide concentrations. Nature 366 (6453), 327-329..&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style="border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-style: none; border-top-width: 0px; margin-top: 10px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"&gt;
&lt;a href="http://aire.cenma.cl/sibarra/contasalud/so2_chaiten_gutierrez_etal.pdf" style="color: #1772af; text-decoration: none;"&gt;Resumen aquí&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1685427845194108708-4998861055293377215?l=sergioibarra.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/ContaminacinAtmosfricaEstadsticaGeomticaYReflexiones/~4/lti4o2KdlBA" height="1" width="1"/&gt;</content><link rel="replies" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://sergioibarra.blogspot.com/feeds/4998861055293377215/comments/default" title="Enviar comentarios" /><link rel="replies" type="text/html" href="http://sergioibarra.blogspot.com/2011/10/estimacion-de-las-emisiones-de-dioxido.html#comment-form" title="0 comentarios" /><link rel="edit" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1685427845194108708/posts/default/4998861055293377215?v=2" /><link rel="self" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1685427845194108708/posts/default/4998861055293377215?v=2" /><link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/ContaminacinAtmosfricaEstadsticaGeomticaYReflexiones/~3/lti4o2KdlBA/estimacion-de-las-emisiones-de-dioxido.html" title="Estimación de las emisiones de dióxido de azufre del volcán Chaitén" /><author><name>Sergio Ibarra</name><uri>https://profiles.google.com/103315806903577475091</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel="http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail" width="32" height="32" src="//lh3.googleusercontent.com/-nvgsStOkP1w/AAAAAAAAAAI/AAAAAAAABc0/nmsnga3B1LE/s512-c/photo.jpg" /></author><thr:total>0</thr:total><feedburner:origLink>http://sergioibarra.blogspot.com/2011/10/estimacion-de-las-emisiones-de-dioxido.html</feedburner:origLink></entry><entry gd:etag="W/&quot;CEEFQX09fSp7ImA9WhdbEk8.&quot;"><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1685427845194108708.post-8181528774104357389</id><published>2011-10-07T08:39:00.001-07:00</published><updated>2011-10-09T21:56:50.365-07:00</updated><app:edited xmlns:app="http://www.w3.org/2007/app">2011-10-09T21:56:50.365-07:00</app:edited><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Sudamerica" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Capa de Ozono" /><title>La dinámica estratosférica y la destrucción de la capa de ozono en el norte de sudamérica</title><content type="html">&lt;div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"&gt;
&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #2c2b2b; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; line-height: 18px;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;h2 class="post-title entry-title" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(227, 227, 227); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-style: none; border-top-width: 0px; font: normal normal normal 18px/normal arial; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"&gt;

La dinámica estratosférica y la destrucción de la capa de ozono en el norte de sudamérica&lt;/h2&gt;
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Luis Gutiérrez (1), Luis Da Silva (1), Eduardo Mera (1), Sergio Ibarra (1,2), Roberto Rojas (1), Cristián Recabarren (1) y Sebastián Salazar (1)&lt;br /&gt;
(1) Laboratorio de Medio Ambiente y Energías Sustentables, Departamento de Física, Universidad Tecnológica Metropolitana&lt;br /&gt;
(2) Centro Nacional del Medio Ambiente, Universidad de Chile&lt;/div&gt;
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luis.gutierrez@utem.cl&lt;/div&gt;
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La importancia del aporte de la humedad en la estratosfera sobre la región andina del norte de Sudamérica se estudia utilizando el modelo de mesoescala de última generación WRF, como consecuencia dinámica de la circulación general de la atmósfera (3, 4) asociada al tubo de vórtice de la celda ecuatorial altiplánica (Figura 1), utilizando fundamentalmente los procesos físicos y químicos atmosféricos donde los principales gases y agentes que contribuyen en la destrucción de la columna de ozono (1) son: el radical hidroxilo, el monóxido de carbono y el metano (2), que intervienen en procesos sinérgicos ocurridos a través de las reacciones químicas que se desarrollan en niveles cercanos a la estratosfera media y alta (Figura 2). En consecuencia, queda planteado el estudio de las contantes de reacción químicas para las ecuaciones planteadas, con el objeto de determinar la importancia relativa de este fenómeno en el proceso de destrucción de la capa de ozono.&lt;/div&gt;
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Referencias: [1]. Earth Probe 1996-1999, Ozone-Aerosol Data &amp;amp; TOMS Version 7. April 2000. [2]. L.Da Silva. Depletion of the ozone column over the Andes mountains of South America.Il Nuovo Cimento C, Vol 2 GennaioFebraio, pp. 35-44, 2002. [3]. Garreaud, R.D. A multi-scale analysis of the summertime precipitation over the central Andes. Mon. Wea. Rev., 127, 901-921, 1999. [4]. Zhou J. and K.M. Lau. Does a Monsoon climat exist over South America? J. Climate, 11, 1020-1040, 1998.&lt;a href="http://aire.cenma.cl/sibarra/contasalud/do3_gutierrez_etal.pdf" style="color: #1772af; text-decoration: none;"&gt;Resumen aquí&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;h2 class="post-title entry-title" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(227, 227, 227); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-style: none; border-top-width: 0px; font: normal normal normal 18px/normal arial; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"&gt;

EFECTOS DE CONTAMINANTES ATMOSFÉRICOS EN ENFERMEDADES RESPIRATORIAS DE MAYORES DE 65 AÑOS EN PUDAHUEL. ESTUDIO DE SERIES CON INTERACCIÓN OZONO-TEMPERATURA&lt;/h2&gt;
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&lt;strong&gt;barra S. (1)(2), Matus P.(1)(3), Gutiérrez L. (2) y Mera E. (2).&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(1)	Centro Nacional del Medio Ambiente, Universidad de Chile.&lt;br /&gt;
(2)	Laboratorio de Medio Ambiente y Energías Sustentables, Departamento de Física, Universidad Tecnológica Metropolitana&lt;br /&gt;
(3)	Centro de Epidemiología y Políticas Públicas, Clínica Alemana-Facultad de Medicina, Universidad del Desarrollo&lt;br /&gt;
sibarra@cenma.cl&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;strong&gt;Resumen&lt;/strong&gt;: El problema de salud pública que plantea la contaminación atmosférica de Santiago, ha sido ampliamente reconocido [1]. La declaración de zona saturada y latente, se basó en los niveles de contaminación atmosférica alcanzados en la Región Metropolitana. Las normas de calidad de aire han sido sobrepasadas en innumerables oportunidades en el caso de MP10. Estudios realizados tanto en Chile [2] como en el extranjero sobre los efectos de la contaminación la salud indican que el MP10, MP2.5, CO, NOX y SOX tienen efectos deletéreos, principalmente en los mayores de 65 años. El objetivo de este trabajo es estimar el riesgo de ocurrencia de consultas por enfermedades respiratorias agudas de mayores de 65 años del SAPU la Comuna de Pudahuel, debido a la contaminación atmosférica presente en la comuna. Se trabajó con los registros de las consultas al SAPU Pudahuel La Estrella, de los años 2001 al 2005. Se utilizaron los registros de calidad del aire de la Estación Pudahuel de la Red Macam. Se estudió el MP10, MP2.5, CO, NOX y SOX y se controló por la interacción ozono-temperatura, Humedad Relativa, estacionalidad y temporalidad. Se usó un Modelo General Aditivo Binomial Negativo. Los contaminantes atmosféricos explican una parte de las consultas por urgencias de enfermedades (Fig. 1).&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;strong&gt;Referencias&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
1.	Bello, S., Busel, I., Carrasco, O., Oyarzún, M.: Contaminación atmosférica de Santiago. Declaración de la Sociedad Chilena de Enfermedades Respiratorias. Rev. Méd Chile 1990, 118: 913-915.&lt;br /&gt;
2.	Matus P. e Ibarra S., (2008). Efecto de la contaminación atmosférica en las enfermedades respiratorias agudas en la comuna de Pudahuel, 2001 al 2005. XXXI Congreso de Ingeniería Sanitaria y Ambiental, Aidis, Octubre 2008, Santiago, Chile.&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;a href="http://aire.cenma.cl/sibarra/contasalud/Resumen_IRAS_Sergio_Ibarra_et_al.pdf" style="color: #1772af; text-decoration: none;"&gt;Resumen aquí&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
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