Cosmos for child

Meteor Shower July 2025, How to Watch the Early Perseids in the Night Sky

noreply@blogger.com (spaceforchildren) — Thu, 17 Jul 2025 12:03:00 +0530

Meteor Shower July 2025: Watch the Night Sky Light Up with the Perseids

July 2025 brings an exciting treat for skywatchers—the beginning of the Perseid meteor shower, one of the most famous and active meteor showers of the year. If you're hoping to catch a meteor shower in July 2025, this is the one to watch.

The Perseids officially start on July 17, 2025, and continue until late August, with meteor activity slowly building each night. While the peak won’t arrive until mid-August, observers can still enjoy early meteors in the second half of July.

What Is the July 2025 Meteor Shower?

This meteor shower is caused by tiny pieces of dust and debris left behind by Comet Swift-Tuttle. As Earth passes through this trail, those particles burn up in our atmosphere—creating bright streaks of light across the sky.

In late July 2025, you may see around 5 to 15 meteors per hour, depending on your location and sky conditions.

How to Watch the Meteor Shower in July

Catching the meteor shower is easy—you just need a clear night and a dark place. Here are some simple tips:

Best time: After midnight until early morning.

Moonlight: A waning crescent moon at the end of July means darker skies, perfect for viewing.

Where to look: Meteors can appear anywhere in the sky, but most seem to come from the northeast, near the constellation Perseus.

No telescope needed: Just lie back and enjoy the view with your naked eyes.

Where Is It Visible?

The Perseid meteor shower will be visible from most parts of the Northern Hemisphere, including:

United States

India

Europe

Northern Africa

Central and East Asia

Even if you live in a city, you can still spot some meteors—though your chances improve greatly under dark, rural skies.

Why Watch in July?

While many people wait for the August peak, watching the meteor shower in July 2025 gives you a quieter, early glimpse of the event. With fewer people watching and less media buzz, it’s a peaceful time to connect with the cosmos.

Don’t miss the chance to see a natural light show in the sky. The meteor shower in July 2025 marks the beginning of the Perseid season—so step outside, look up, and catch a falling star.

Nasa SpaceX crew return: Dragon capsule splashes down.

noreply@blogger.com (spaceforchildren) — Mon, 3 Aug 2020 14:09:00 +0530

Nasa SpaceX crew return: Dragon capsule splashes down.

Two American astronauts have splashed down, as the first commercial crewed mission to the International Space Station returned to Earth.

The SpaceX Dragon Capsule carrying Doug Hurley and Bob Behnken came down in the Gulf of Mexico just south of Pensacola on Florida's Gulf coast.

A recovery vessel moved in to pick up the vehicle and extricate the men.

The touchdown marks the first crewed US water landing since the final outing of an Apollo command module 45 years ago.

Hurley's and Behnken's capsule hit the water at about 14:48 EDT (19:48 BST; 18:48 GMT).

Private boats which came close to the Dragon were asked to leave amid concern over hazardous chemicals venting from the capsule's propulsion system.

Nasa administrator Jim Bridenstine said the presence of the boats "was not what we were anticipating".

"What is not common is having passersby approach the vehicle close range with nitrogen tetroxide in the atmosphere; that's not something that is good," he said. "And we need to make sure that we're warning people not to get close to the spacecraft in the future."

Photos of the boats were shared on social media.

"It's truly our honour and privilege," said Hurley as the astronauts arrived home.

"On behalf of the SpaceX and Nasa teams, welcome back to Planet Earth. Thanks for flying SpaceX," SpaceX mission control responded.

President Donald Trump - who attended the capsule's launch on 30 May - hailed its safe return.

"Thank you to all!" he tweeted. "Great to have NASA Astronauts return to Earth after very successful two month mission."

Saving the government billions

The successful end to the crew's mission initiates a new era for the American space agency.

All its human transport needs just above the Earth will in future be purchased from private companies, such as SpaceX.

The government agency says contracting out to service providers in this way will save it billions of dollars that can be diverted to getting astronauts to the Moon, as part of its Artemis programme, and afterwards to Mars.

The Dragon capsule launched to the space station at the end of May on a Falcon 9 rocket, also supplied by SpaceX.

Hurley's and Behnken's mission served as an end-to-end demonstration of the astronaut "taxi service" the company, owned by tech entrepreneur Elon Musk, will be selling to Nasa from now on.

The Boeing corporation is also developing a crew capsule solution but has had to delay its introduction after encountering software problems on its Starliner vehicle.

Image copyrightNASA/BILL INGALLS

The sight of the vehicle's four main parachutes floating down over the Gulf of Mexico was confirmation the spacecraft had survived its fiery descent through the atmosphere.

The parachutes then slowed the capsule from about 350mph (560km/h) to just roughly 15mph (7m/s) at splashdown.

Image copyrightNASA/BILL INGALLS

Rigging was used to hoist the capsule out of the water and on to the recovery vessel. Technicians monitored "remnant vapours" around the spacecraft before the hatch was opened.

The men were checked over by medical staff before being flown to shore by helicopter.

Media captionWhat is SpaceX and why is it working with Nasa?

The astronauts' Dragon capsule launched to the space station at the end of May on a Falcon 9 rocket, also supplied by SpaceX.

It will now be refurbished to fly again next year.

Mr Bridenstine lauded the efforts of everyone involved in Hurley's and Behnken's mission, and then spoke of his agency's shift in philosophy.

"We don't want to purchase, own and operate the hardware the way we used to," he said.

"We want to be one customer of many customers in a very robust commercial marketplace in low-Earth orbit. But we also want to have numerous providers that are competing against each other on cost and innovation and safety, and really create this virtuous cycle of economic development and capability."

Gwynne Shotwell, the president of SpaceX, added: "Today is a great day. We should celebrate what we all accomplished here, bringing Bob and Doug back, but we should also think about this as a springboard to doing even harder things with the Artemis programme. And then, of course, moving on to Mars."

Send your name to Mars

noreply@blogger.com (spaceforchildren) — Sun, 2 Aug 2020 14:55:00 +0530

Send your name to Mars

Posted by Eleanor Imster in HUMAN WORLD | SPACE | May 24, 2019

Want to send your name to Mars on NASA’s next rover mission in 2020? You’ll get your name etched on a microchip affixed to the rover – and a souvenir boarding pass. Here’s how.

Members of the public who want to send their name to Mars on NASA’s Mars 2020 rover mission can get a souvenir boarding pass and their names stenciled on chips to be affixed to the rover. Sign up here. Image via NASA/JPL-Caltech.

NASA is giving the public an opportunity to send their names – stenciled on chips – with the Mars 2020 rover mission. The rover is scheduled to launch as early as July 2020, with the spacecraft expected to touch down on Mars in February 2021.

NASA will use an electron beam to stencil the submitted names onto a silicon chip with lines of text smaller than one-thousandth the width of a human hair (75 nanometers). At that size, more than a million names can be written on a single dime-sized microchip. The chip (or chips) will ride on the rover under a glass cover.

From now until September 30, you can add your name to the list (and obtain a souvenir boarding pass to Mars) here.

NASA said that the robotic rover will search for signs of past microbial life, characterize the planet’s climate and geology, collect samples for future return to Earth, and pave the way for human exploration of Mars.

When you sign up to send your name, you will get a souvenir boarding pass and “frequent flyer” points. Miles (or kilometers) are awarded for each “flight,” with corresponding digital mission patches available for download. More than 2 million names flew on NASA’s InSight mission to Mars, giving each “flyer” about 300 million frequent flyer miles (nearly 500 million frequent flyer kilometers).

SEND YOUR NAME TO MARS-->(mars.nasa.gov)

NASA, ULA Launch Mars 2020 Perseverance Rover Mission to Red Planet

noreply@blogger.com (spaceforchildren) — Sat, 1 Aug 2020 19:33:00 +0530

NASA, ULA Launch Mars 2020 Perseverance Rover Mission to Red Planet

NASA’s Perseverance Rover Launches to Mars: Perseverance began its long journey to Mars today by successfully launching from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station on a ULA Atlas V rocket. It now begins its seven-month journey to the Red Planet, landing there on Feb. 18, 2021. Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech. Download video ›
The agency's Mars 2020 mission is on its way. It will land at Jezero Crater in about seven months, on Feb. 18, 2021.
NASA's Mars 2020 Perseverance rover mission is on its way to the Red Planet to search for signs of ancient life and collect samples to send back to Earth.
Humanity's most sophisticated rover launched with the Ingenuity Mars Helicopter at 7:50 a.m. EDT (4:50 a.m. PDT) Thursday on a United Launch Alliance (ULA) Atlas V rocket from Space Launch Complex 41 at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station in Florida.
"With the launch of Perseverance, we begin another historic mission of exploration," said NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstine. "This amazing explorer's journey has already required the very best from all of us to get it to launch through these challenging times. Now we can look forward to its incredible science and to bringing samples of Mars home even as we advance human missions to the Red Planet. As a mission, as an agency, and as a country, we will persevere."
The ULA Atlas V's Centaur upper stage initially placed the Mars 2020 spacecraft into a parking orbit around Earth. The engine fired for a second time and the spacecraft separated from the Centaur as expected. Navigation data indicate the spacecraft is perfectly on course to Mars.
Morning Launch for Mars 2020 Persverance: A United Launch Alliance Atlas V rocket carrying the Mars 2020 mission with the Perseverance rover lifts off from Space Launch Complex-41 at 7:50 a.m. EDT on July 30, 2020. Credit: United Launch Alliance. Full image and caption ›
Mars 2020 sent its first signal to ground controllers via NASA's Deep Space Network at 9:15 a.m. EDT (6:15 a.m. PDT). However, telemetry (more detailed spacecraft data) had not yet been acquired at that point. Around 11:30 a.m. EDT (8:30 a.m. PDT), a signal with telemetry was received from Mars 2020 by NASA ground stations. Data indicate the spacecraft had entered a state known as safe mode, likely because a part of the spacecraft was a little colder than expected while Mars 2020 was in Earth's shadow. All temperatures are now nominal and the spacecraft is out of Earth's shadow.
When a spacecraft enters safe mode, all but essential systems are turned off until it receives new commands from mission control. An interplanetary launch is fast-paced and dynamic, so a spacecraft is designed to put itself in safe mode if its onboard computer perceives conditions are not within its preset parameters. Right now, the Mars 2020 mission is completing a full health assessment on the spacecraft and is working to return the spacecraft to a nominal configuration for its journey to Mars.
The Perseverance rover's astrobiology mission is to seek out signs of past microscopic life on Mars, explore the diverse geology of its landing site, Jezero Crater, and demonstrate key technologies that will help us prepare for future robotic and human exploration.
"Jezero Crater is the perfect place to search for signs of ancient life,” said Thomas Zurbuchen, associate administrator for NASA's Science Mission Directorate at the agency's headquarters in Washington. "Perseverance is going to make discoveries that cause us to rethink our questions about what Mars was like and how we understand it today. As our instruments investigate rocks along an ancient lake bottom and select samples to return to Earth, we may very well be reaching back in time to get the information scientists need to say that life has existed elsewhere in the universe."
The Martian rock and dust Perseverance's Sample Caching System collects could answer fundamental questions about the potential for life to exist beyond Earth. Two future missions currently under consideration by NASA, in collaboration with ESA (European Space Agency), will work together to get the samples to an orbiter for return to Earth. When they arrive on Earth, the Mars samples will undergo in-depth analysis by scientists around the world using equipment far too large to send to the Red Planet.
Mars 2020 Perseverance Launch Panorama: A United Launch Alliance Atlas V rocket carrying the Mars 2020 mission with the Perseverance rover lifts off from Space Launch Complex-41 at 7:50 a.m. EDT on July 30, 2020. Credit: United Launch Alliance. Full image and caption ›
An Eye to a Martian Tomorrow
While most of Perseverance's seven instruments are geared toward learning more about the planet's geology and astrobiology, the MOXIE (Mars Oxygen In-Situ Resource Utilization Experiment) instrument's job is focused on missions yet to come. Designed to demonstrate that converting Martian carbon dioxide into oxygen is possible, it could lead to future versions of MOXIE technology that become staples on Mars missions, providing oxygen for rocket fuel and breathable air.
Also future-leaning is the Ingenuity Mars Helicopter, which will remain attached to the belly of Perseverance for the flight to Mars and the first 60 or so days on the surface. A technology demonstrator, Ingenuity's goal is a pure flight test – it carries no science instruments.
Over 30 sols (31 Earth days), the helicopter will attempt up to five powered, controlled flights. The data acquired during these flight tests will help the next generation of Mars helicopters provide an aerial dimension to Mars explorations – potentially scouting for rovers and human crews, transporting small payloads, or investigating difficult-to-reach destinations.
The rover's technologies for entry, descent, and landing also will provide information to advance future human missions to Mars.
"Perseverance is the most capable rover in history because it is standing on the shoulders of our pioneers Sojourner, Spirit, Opportunity, and Curiosity," said Michael Watkins, director of NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Southern California. "In the same way, the descendants of Ingenuity and MOXIE will become valuable tools for future explorers to the Red Planet and beyond."

NASA's Perseverance Mars Rover Launches With Your #CountdownToMars: To get ready for the launch of the Mars 2020 Perseverance rover, NASA invited the public to join a global, collective #CountdownToMars project.

About seven cold, dark, unforgiving months of interplanetary space travel lay ahead for the mission – a fact never far from the mind of Mars 2020 project team.

"There is still a lot of road between us and Mars," said John McNamee, Mars 2020 project manager at JPL. "About 290 million miles of them. But if there was ever a team that could make it happen, it is this one. We are going to Jezero Crater. We will see you there Feb. 18, 2021."

The Mars 2020 Perseverance mission is part of America's larger Moon to Mars exploration approach that includes missions to the Moon as a way to prepare for human exploration of the Red Planet. Charged with sending the first woman and next man to the Moon by 2024, NASA will establish a sustained human presence on and around the Moon by 2028 through NASA's Artemis program.

JPL, which is managed for NASA by Caltech in Pasadena, California, built and will manage operations of the Mars Perseverance rover. NASA's Launch Services Program, based at the agency's Kennedy Space Center in Florida, is responsible for launch management, and ULA provided the Atlas V rocket.

How to prevent spreading the Corona virus disease (COVID-19)

noreply@blogger.com (spaceforchildren) — Sat, 28 Mar 2020 14:38:00 +0530

prevent coronavirus disease (COVID-19):

Do this thing to control coronavirus disease (COVID-19) :

Basic protective measures against the new coronavirus

Stay aware of the latest information on the COVID-19 outbreak, available on the WHO website and through your national and local public health authority. Most people who become infected experience mild illness and recover, but it can be more severe for others. Take care of your health and protect others by doing the following:

1.Wash your hands frequently:

Regularly and thoroughly clean your hands with an alcohol-based hand rub or wash them with soap and water.
Why? Hands touch many surfaces and can pick up viruses. Once contaminated, hands can transfer the virus to your eyes, nose or mouth. From there, the virus can enter your body and can make you sick.

2.Maintain social distancing

Maintain at least 1 metre (3 feet) distance between yourself and anyone who is coughing or sneezing.
Why? When someone coughs or sneezes they spray small liquid droplets from their nose or mouth which may contain virus. If you are too close, you can breathe in the droplets, including the COVID-19 virus if the person coughing has the disease.

3.Avoid touching eyes, nose and mouth

Why? Hands touch many surfaces and can pick up viruses. Once contaminated, hands can transfer the virus to your eyes, nose or mouth. From there, the virus can enter your body and can make you sick.

4.Practice respiratory hygiene:

Make sure you, and the people around you, follow good respiratory hygiene. This means covering your mouth and nose with your bent elbow or tissue when you cough or sneeze. Then dispose of the used tissue immediately.
Why? Droplets spread virus. By following good respiratory hygiene you protect the people around you from viruses such as cold, flu and COVID-19.

5.If you have fever, cough and difficulty

breathing, seek medical care early:

Stay home if you feel unwell. If you have a fever, cough and difficulty breathing, seek medical attention and call in advance. Follow the directions of your local health authority.

Why? National and local authorities will have the most up to date information on the situation in your area. Calling in advance will allow your health care provider to quickly direct you to the right health facility. This will also protect you and help prevent spread of viruses and other infections.

6.Stay Home:

Stay informed and follow advice given by

your healthcare provider.

Stay informed on the latest developments about COVID-19. Follow advice given by your healthcare provider, your national and local public health authority or your employer on how to protect yourself and others from COVID-19.
Why? National and local authorities will have the most up to date information on whether COVID-19 is spreading in your area. They are best placed to advise on what people in your area should be doing to protect themselves.

There’s currently no vaccine to prevent

coronavirus disease (COVID-19).

You can protect yourself and help prevent spreading the virus to others if you:

Wash your hands regularly for 20 seconds, with soap and water or alcohol-based hand rub
Cover your nose and mouth with a disposable tissue or flexed elbow when you cough or sneeze
Avoid close contact (1 meter or 3 feet) with people who are unwell
Stay home and self-isolate from others in the household if you feel unwell

Don't

Touch your eyes, nose, or mouth if your hands are not clean

DO THE FIVE

Help stop coronavirus

HANDSWash them often

ELBOWCough into it

FACEDon't touch it

SPACEKeep safe distance

HOMEStay if you can

Protection measures for persons who are in or have recently visited (past 14 days) areas where COVID-19 is spreading

Follow the guidance outlined above:-

Stay at home if you begin to feel unwell, even with mild symptoms such as headache and slight runny nose, until you recover. Why? Avoiding contact with others and visits to medical facilities will allow these facilities to operate more effectively and help protect you and others from possible COVID-19 and other viruses.

If you develop fever, cough and difficulty breathing, seek medical advice promptly as this may be due to a respiratory infection or other serious condition. Call in advance and tell your provider of any recent travel or contact with travelers. Why? Calling in advance will allow your health care provider to quickly direct you to the right health facility. This will also help to prevent possible spread of COVID-19 and other viruses.

Hubble telescope top 20 images:galaxies,clusters beautiful images by Hubble telescope

noreply@blogger.com (spaceforchildren) — Mon, 16 Mar 2020 15:21:00 +0530

Hubble telescope top 20 images

“No matter what Hubble reveals — planets, dense star fields, colorful interstellar nebulae, deadly black holes, graceful colliding galaxies, the large-scale structure of the Universe — each image establishes your own private vista on the cosmos.”

Neil deGrasse Tyson
Director of Hayden Planetarium
American Museum of Natural History
New York, New York

1. PILLARS OF CREATION (NEW VIEW)

The NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope has revisited one of its most iconic and popular images: the Eagle Nebula’s Pillars of Creation. This image shows the pillars as seen in visible light, capturing the multi-colored glow of gas clouds, wispy tendrils of dark cosmic dust, and the rust-colored elephants’ trunks of the nebula’s famous pillars.

The dust and gas in the pillars is seared by the intense radiation from young stars and eroded by strong winds from massive nearby stars. With these new images comes better contrast and a clearer view for astronomers to study how the structure of the pillars is changing over time.

“It will be a very sad day when Hubble goes. I want it to make one final look at the Pillars of Creation before it drifts away.”

Dr. Marusa Bradac
Associate Professor
University of California Davis

2. A ROSE MADE OF GALAXIES

This image of a pair of interacting galaxies called Arp 273 was released to celebrate the 21st anniversary of the launch of the Hubble Space Telescope.

The distorted shape of the larger of the two galaxies shows signs of tidal interactions with the smaller of the two. It is thought that the smaller galaxy has actually passed through the larger one

“Hubble has become ‘The People’s Telescope,’ and has explored our solar system and beyond with acuity, capability, and power. It is hard to imagine a world without Hubble, without the beauty that Hubble has brought, without the wonders that Hubble has shared. We are fortunate to have been witness to this amazing machine.”

Dr. Jim Green
Planetary Science Division Director
NASA Headquarters
Washington, D.C.

3. EXTREME STAR CLUSTER BURSTS INTO LIFE

The star-forming region NGC 3603 – seen here in this Hubble image – contains one of the most impressive massive young star clusters in the Milky Way. Bathed in gas and dust the cluster formed in a huge rush of star formation thought to have occurred around a million years ago. The hot blue stars at the core are responsible for carving out a huge cavity in the gas seen to the right of the star cluster in NGC 3603’s centre.

“It is our eye on the universe, but at the same time it is an actual object in space that we can visit and even touch, which helps to bring the images it produces a little closer to home.”

Dr. Heather Knutson
Assistant Professor of Planetary Science
California Institute of Technology
Pasadena, California

4. ANTENNAE GALAXIES RELOADED

Hubble has snapped the best ever image of the Antennae Galaxies. Hubble has released images of these stunning galaxies twice before, once using observations from its Wide Field and Planetary Camera 2 (WFPC2) in 1997, and again in 2006 from the Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS). Each of Hubble’s images of the Antennae Galaxies has been better than the last, due to upgrades made during the famous servicing missions, the last of which took place in 2009.

The galaxies — also known as NGC 4038 and NGC 4039 — are locked in a deadly embrace. Once normal, sedate spiral galaxies like the Milky Way, the pair have spent the past few hundred million years sparring with one another. This clash is so violent that stars have been ripped from their host galaxies to form a streaming arc between the two. In wide-field images of the pair the reason for their name becomes clear — far-flung stars and streamers of gas stretch out into space, creating long tidal tails reminiscent of antennae.

This new image of the Antennae Galaxies shows obvious signs of chaos. Clouds of gas are seen in bright pink and red, surrounding the bright flashes of blue star-forming regions — some of which are partially obscured by dark patches of dust. The rate of star formation is so high that the Antennae Galaxies are said to be in a state of starburst, a period in which all of the gas within the galaxies is being used to form stars. This cannot last forever and neither can the separate galaxies; eventually the nuclei will coalesce, and the galaxies will begin their retirement together as one large elliptical galaxy.

This image uses visible and near-infrared observations from Hubble’s Wide Field Camera 3 (WFC3), along with some of the previously-released observations from Hubble’s ACS.

5. HORSEHEAD NEBULA (NEW INFRARED VIEW)

This Hubble image, captured and released to celebrate the telescope’s 23rd year in orbit, shows part of the sky in the constellation of Orion (The Hunter). Rising like a giant seahorse from turbulent waves of dust and gas is the Horsehead Nebula, otherwise known as Barnard 33.

This image shows the region in infrared light, which has longer wavelengths than visible light and can pierce through the dusty material that usually obscures the nebula’s inner regions. The result is a rather ethereal and fragile-looking structure, made of delicate folds of gas — very different to the nebula’s appearance in visible light.

6. MAGNETIC MONSTER NGC 1275

This stunning image of NGC 1275 was taken using Hubble’s Advanced Camera for Surveys in July and August 2006. It provides amazing detail and resolution of the fragile filamentary structures, which show up as a reddish lacy structure surrounding the central bright galaxy NGC 1275. These filaments are cool despite being surrounded by gas that is around 55 million degrees Celsius hot. They are suspended in a magnetic field which maintains their structure and demonstrates how energy from the central black hole is transferred to the surrounding gas.

By observing the filamentary structure, astronomers were, for the first time, able to estimate the magnetic field’s strength. Using this information they demonstrated how the extragalactic magnetic fields have maintained the structure of the filaments against collapse caused by either gravitational forces or the violence of the surrounding cluster during their 100-million-year lifetime.

The filaments seen here can be a gaping 200 000 light-years long. The entire image is approximately 260 000 light-years across.

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7. HUBBLE ULTRA DEEP FIELD IS FILLED WITH GALAXIES

Galaxies, galaxies everywhere – as far as the Hubble Space Telescope can see. This view of nearly 10,000 galaxies is the deepest visible-light image of the cosmos. Called the Hubble Ultra Deep Field, this galaxy-studded view represents a “deep” core sample of the universe, cutting across billions of light-years.

The snapshot includes galaxies of various ages, sizes, shapes, and colours. The smallest, reddest galaxies, about 100, may be among the most distant known, existing when the universe was just 800 million years old. The nearest galaxies – the larger, brighter, well-defined spirals and ellipticals – thrived about 1 billion years ago, when the cosmos was 13 billion years old.

In vibrant contrast to the rich harvest of classic spiral and elliptical galaxies, there is a zoo of oddball galaxies littering the field. Some look like toothpicks; others like links on a bracelet. A few appear to be interacting. These oddball galaxies chronicle a period when the universe was younger and more chaotic.

In ground-based photographs, the patch of sky in which the galaxies reside (just one-tenth the diameter of the full Moon) is largely empty. Located in the constellation Fornax, the region is so empty that only a handful of stars within the Milky Way galaxy can be seen in the image.

The image required 800 exposures taken over the course of 400 Hubble orbits around Earth. The total amount of exposure time was 11.3 days, taken between Sept. 24, 2003 and Jan. 16, 2004.

8. HUBBLE MOSAIC OF THE MAJESTIC SOMBRERO GALAXY

Hubble has trained its razor-sharp eye on one of the universe’s most stately and photogenic galaxies, the Sombrero galaxy, Messier 104 (M104). The galaxy’s hallmark is a brilliant white, bulbous core encircled by the thick dust lanes comprising the spiral structure of the galaxy. As seen from Earth, the galaxy is tilted nearly edge-on. We view it from just six degrees north of its equatorial plane. This brilliant galaxy was named the Sombrero because of its resemblance to the broad rim and high-topped Mexican hat.

At a relatively bright magnitude of +8, M104 is just beyond the limit of naked-eye visibility and is easily seen through small telescopes. The Sombrero lies at the southern edge of the rich Virgo cluster of galaxies and is one of the most massive objects in that group, equivalent to 800 billion suns. The galaxy is 50,000 light-years across and is located 28 million light-years from Earth.

“Hubble changed everything: there was astronomy before Hubble, and astronomy after Hubble, and they are simply not the same. Hubble introduced a whole new era of high resolution imaging and precision measurements.”

Dr. Bradley M. Peterson and Dr. Gisella De Rosa
(Peterson) Professor and Chair of Astronomy, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
(De Rosa) Visiting Astronomer, Space Telescope Science Institute, Baltimore, Maryland

9. NEW STARS SHED LIGHT ON THE PAST

This Hubble image depicts bright blue newly formed stars that are blowing a cavity in the centre of a fascinating star-forming region known as N90.

The high energy radiation blazing out from the hot young stars in N90 is eroding the outer portions of the nebula from the inside, as the diffuse outer reaches of the nebula prevent the energetic outflows from streaming away from the cluster directly. Because N90 is located far from the central body of the Small Magellanic Cloud, numerous background galaxies in this picture can be seen, delivering a grand backdrop for the stellar newcomers. The dust in the region gives these distant galaxies a reddish-brown tint.

10. MOST DETAILED IMAGE OF THE CRAB NEBULA

This Hubble image – among the largest ever produced with the Earth-orbiting observatory – gives the most detailed view of the entire Crab Nebula ever. The Crab is among the most interesting and well studied objects in astronomy.

This image is the largest image ever taken with Hubble’s WFPC2 camera. It was assembled from 24 individual exposures taken with the telescope and is the highest resolution image of the entire Crab Nebula ever made.

11. BUTTERFLY EMERGES FROM STELLAR DEMISE IN PLANETARY NEBULA

This celestial object looks like a delicate butterfly. But it is far from serene. What resemble dainty butterfly wings are actually roiling cauldrons of gas heated to nearly 20 000 degrees Celsius. The gas is tearing across space at more than 950 000 kilometres per hour — fast enough to travel from Earth to the Moon in 24 minutes!

A dying star that was once about five times the mass of the Sun is at the centre of this fury. It has ejected its envelope of gases and is now unleashing a stream of ultraviolet radiation that is making the cast-off material glow. This object is an example of a planetary nebula, so-named because many of them have a round appearance resembling that of a planet when viewed through a small telescope.

The Wide Field Camera 3 (WFC3) aboard the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope, snapped this image of the planetary nebula, catalogued as NGC 6302, but more popularly called the Bug Nebula or the Butterfly Nebula.

NGC 6302 lies within our Milky Way galaxy, roughly 3800 light-years away in the constellation of Scorpius. The glowing gas is the star’s outer layers, expelled over about 2200 years. The “butterfly” stretches for more than two light-years, which is about half the distance from the Sun to the nearest star, Proxima Centauri.

The central star itself cannot be seen, because it is hidden within a doughnut-shaped ring of dust, which appears as a dark band pinching the nebula in the centre. The thick dust belt constricts the star’s outflow, creating the classic “bipolar” or hourglass shape displayed by some planetary nebulae.

The star’s surface temperature is estimated to be over 220 000 degrees Celsius, making it one of the hottest known stars in our galaxy. Spectroscopic observations made with ground-based telescopes show that the gas is roughly 20 000 degrees Celsius, which is unusually hot compared to a typical planetary nebula.

The WFC3 image reveals a complex history of ejections from the star. The star first evolved into a huge red giant, with a diameter of about 1000 times that of our Sun. It then lost its extended outer layers. Some of this gas was cast off from its equator at a relatively slow speed, perhaps as low as 32 000 kilometres per hour, creating the doughnut-shaped ring. Other gas was ejected perpendicular to the ring at higher speeds, producing the elongated “wings” of the butterfly-shaped structure. Later, as the central star heated up, a much faster stellar wind, a stream of charged particles travelling at more than 3.2 million kilometres per hour, ploughed through the existing wing-shaped structure, further modifying its shape.

The nebula’s reddish outer edges are largely due to light emitted by nitrogen, which marks the coolest gas visible in the picture. WFC3 is equipped with a wide variety of filters that isolate light emitted by various chemical elements, allowing astronomers to infer properties of the nebular gas, such as its temperature, density and composition.

The white-coloured regions are areas where light is emitted by sulphur. These are regions where fast-moving gas overtakes and collides with slow-moving gas that left the star at an earlier time, producing shock waves in the gas (the bright white edges on the sides facing the central star). The white blob with the crisp edge at upper right is an example of one of those shock waves.

NGC 6302 was imaged on 27 July 2009 with Hubble’s WFC3 in ultraviolet and visible light. Filters that isolate emissions from oxygen, helium, hydrogen, nitrogen and sulphur from the planetary nebula were used to create this composite image.

12. HUBBLE’S SHARPEST VIEW OF THE ORION NEBULA

This dramatic image offers a peek inside a cavern of roiling dust and gas where thousands of stars are forming. The image, taken by the Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS) aboard the Hubble Space Telescope, represents the sharpest view ever taken of this region, called the Orion Nebula. More than 3,000 stars of various sizes appear in this image. Some of them have never been seen in visible light. These stars reside in a dramatic dust-and-gas landscape of plateaus, mountains, and valleys that are reminiscent of the Grand Canyon.

The Orion Nebula is a picture book of star formation, from the massive, young stars that are shaping the nebula to the pillars of dense gas that may be the homes of budding stars. The bright central region is the home of the four heftiest stars in the nebula. The stars are called the Trapezium because they are arranged in a trapezoid pattern. Ultraviolet light unleashed by these stars is carving a cavity in the nebula and disrupting the growth of hundreds of smaller stars. Located near the Trapezium stars are stars still young enough to have disks of material encircling them. These disks are called protoplanetary disks or “proplyds” and are too small to see clearly in this image. The disks are the building blocks of solar systems.

The bright glow at upper left is from M43, a small region being shaped by a massive, young star’s ultraviolet light. Astronomers call the region a miniature Orion Nebula because only one star is sculpting the landscape. The Orion Nebula has four such stars. Next to M43 are dense, dark pillars of dust and gas that point toward the Trapezium. These pillars are resisting erosion from the Trapezium’s intense ultraviolet light. The glowing region on the right reveals arcs and bubbles formed when stellar winds – streams of charged particles ejected from the Trapezium stars – collide with material.

The faint red stars near the bottom are the myriad brown dwarfs that Hubble spied for the first time in the nebula in visible light. Sometimes called “failed stars,” brown dwarfs are cool objects that are too small to be ordinary stars because they cannot sustain nuclear fusion in their cores the way our Sun does. The dark red column, below, left, shows an illuminated edge of the cavity wall.

The Orion Nebula is 1,500 light-years away, the nearest star-forming region to Earth. Astronomers used 520 Hubble images, taken in five colours, to make this picture. They also added ground-based photos to fill out the nebula. The ACS mosaic covers approximately the apparent angular size of the full moon.

The Orion observations were taken between 2004 and 2005.

13. YOUNG STARS SCULPT GAS WITH POWERFUL OUTFLOWS

This Hubble Space Telescope view shows one of the most dynamic and intricately detailed star-forming regions in space, located 210,000 light-years away in the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC), a satellite galaxy of our Milky Way. At the centre of the region is a brilliant star cluster called NGC 346. A dramatic structure of arched, ragged filaments with a distinct ridge surrounds the cluster.

A torrent of radiation from the hot stars in the cluster NGC 346, at the centre of this Hubble image, eats into denser areas around it, creating a fantasy sculpture of dust and gas. The dark, intricately beaded edge of the ridge, seen in silhouette, is particularly dramatic. It contains several small dust globules that point back towards the central cluster, like windsocks caught in a gale.

14. OUT OF THIS WHIRL: WHIRLPOOL GALAXY (M51) AND COMPANION GALAXY

The graceful, winding arms of the majestic spiral galaxy M51 (NGC 5194) appear like a grand spiral staircase sweeping through space. They are actually long lanes of stars and gas laced with dust.

This sharpest-ever image, taken in January 2005 with the Advanced Camera for Surveys aboard the Hubble Space Telescope, illustrates a spiral galaxy’s grand design, from its curving spiral arms, where young stars reside, to its yellowish central core, a home of older stars. The galaxy is nicknamed the Whirlpool because of its swirling structure.

The Whirlpool’s most striking feature is its two curving arms, a hallmark of so-called grand-design spiral galaxies. Many spiral galaxies possess numerous, loosely shaped arms that make their spiral structure less pronounced. These arms serve an important purpose in spiral galaxies. They are star-formation factories, compressing hydrogen gas and creating clusters of new stars. In the Whirlpool, the assembly line begins with the dark clouds of gas on the inner edge, then moves to bright pink star-forming regions, and ends with the brilliant blue star clusters along the outer edge.

The Whirlpool is one of astronomy’s galactic darlings. Located approximately 25 million light-years away in the constellation Canes Venatici (the Hunting Dogs), the Whirlpool’s beautiful face-on view and closeness to Earth allow astronomers to study a classic spiral galaxy’s structure and star-forming processes.

15. STELLAR SPIRE IN THE EAGLE NEBULA

Appearing like a winged fairy-tale creature poised on a pedestal, this object is actually a billowing tower of cold gas and dust rising from a stellar nursery called the Eagle Nebula. The soaring tower is 9.5 light-years or about 90 trillion kilometres high, about twice the distance from our Sun to the next nearest star.

Stars in the Eagle Nebula are born in clouds of cold hydrogen gas that reside in chaotic neighbourhoods, where energy from young stars sculpts fantasy-like landscapes in the gas. The tower may be a giant incubator for those newborn stars. A torrent of ultraviolet light from a band of massive, hot, young stars [off the top of the image] is eroding the pillar.

The starlight also is responsible for illuminating the tower’s rough surface. Ghostly streamers of gas can be seen boiling off this surface, creating the haze around the structure and highlighting its three-dimensional shape. The column is silhouetted against the background glow of more distant gas.

Inside the gaseous tower, stars may be forming. Some of those stars may have been created by dense gas collapsing under gravity. Other stars may be forming due to pressure from gas that has been heated by the neighbouring hot stars.

The bumps and fingers of material in the centre of the tower are examples of these stellar birthing areas. These regions may look small but they are roughly the size of our solar system.

The dominant colours in the image were produced by gas energized by the star cluster’s powerful ultraviolet light. The blue colour at the top is from glowing oxygen. The red color in the lower region is from glowing hydrogen. The Eagle Nebula image was taken in November 2004 with the ACS aboard Hubble.

16. COSMIC DUST BUNNIES

Like dust bunnies that lurk in corners and under beds, surprisingly complex loops and blobs of cosmic dust lie hidden in the giant elliptical galaxy NGC 1316. This image made from data obtained with Hubble reveals the dust lanes and star clusters of this giant galaxy that give evidence that it was formed from a past merger of two gas-rich galaxies.

17. LIGHT CONTINUES TO ECHO THREE YEARS AFTER STELLAR OUTBURST

This Hubble image of the star V838 Monocerotis (V838 Mon) reveals dramatic changes in the illumination of surrounding dusty cloud structures. The effect, called a light echo, has been unveiling never-before-seen dust patterns ever since the star suddenly brightened for several weeks in early 2002.

18. BEAUTIFUL BARRED SPIRAL GALAXY NGC 1300

One of the largest Hubble Space Telescope images ever made of a complete galaxy was unveiled at the American Astronomical Society meeting in San Diego, Calif.

The Hubble telescope captured a display of starlight, glowing gas, and silhouetted dark clouds of interstellar dust in this 4-foot-by-8-foot image of the barred spiral galaxy NGC 1300. NGC 1300 is considered to be prototypical of barred spiral galaxies. Barred spirals differ from normal spiral galaxies in that the arms of the galaxy do not spiral all the way into the center, but are connected to the two ends of a straight bar of stars containing the nucleus at its center.

19. A RUNAWAY GALAXY

Against a stunning backdrop of thousands of galaxies, this odd-looking galaxy with the long streamer of stars appears to be racing through space, like a runaway pinwheel firework.

Galaxy UGC 10214’s distorted shape was caused by a small interloper, a very blue, compact, galaxy visible in the upper left corner of the more massive Tadpole. The Tadpole resides about 420 million light-years away in the constellation Draco.

Numerous young blue stars and star clusters, spawned by the galaxy collision, are seen in the spiral arms, as well as in the long ‘tidal’ tail of stars. Each of these clusters represents the formation of up to about a million stars. Two prominent clumps of young bright blue stars are visible in the tidal tale and separated by a gap. These clumps of stars will likely become dwarf galaxies that orbit in the Tadpole’s halo.

Behind the galactic carnage and torrent of star birth is another compelling picture: a ‘wallpaper pattern’ of about 3000 faint galaxies. The camera’s vision is so sharp that astronomers can identify distant colliding galaxies, the ‘building blocks’ of galaxies, an exquisite ‘Whitman’s Sampler’ of normal galaxies, and presumably extremely faraway galaxies.

21. GHOSTLY STAR-FORMING PILLAR OF GAS AND DUST

Resembling a nightmarish beast rearing its head from a crimson sea, this celestial object is actually just a pillar of gas and dust. Called the Cone Nebula (in NGC 2264) this monstrous pillar resides in a turbulent star-forming region. This picture shows the upper 2.5 light-years of the Cone.

Radiation from hot, young stars (located beyond the top of the image) has slowly eroded the nebula over millions of years. Ultraviolet light heats the edges of the dark cloud, releasing gas into the relatively empty region of surrounding space. There, additional ultraviolet radiation causes the hydrogen gas to glow, which produces the red halo of light seen around the pillar.

spaceX starship | Elon Musk plan to build a city on Mars by 2050

noreply@blogger.com (spaceforchildren) — Mon, 9 Mar 2020 15:44:00 +0530

spaceX starship | Elon Musk plan to build a city on Mars by 2050:

SpaceX starship:

SpaceX's Starship spacecraft and Super Heavy rocket (collectively referred to as Starship) represent a fully reusable transportation system designed to carry both crew and cargo to Earth orbit, the Moon, Mars and beyond. Starship will be the world's most powerful launch vehicle ever developed, with the ability to carry in excess of 100 metric tonnes to Earth orbit. Drawing on an extensive history of launch vehicle and engine development programs, SpaceX has been rapidly iterating on the design of Starship with orbital-flight targeted for 2020.

STARSHIP:

-DIAMETER :  9 m/30 ft
-HEIGHT :  50 m/160 ft
-PROPELLANT CAPACITY :  1200 t/2.4 Mlb
-PAYLOAD CAPACITY :  100+ t/220+ klb

Starship is the fully reusable second stage and has an integrated payload section. Starship serves as a large, long-duration spacecraft capable of carrying passengers or cargo to Earth orbit, planetary destinations, and between destinations on Earth.

SUPER HEAVY:

-DIAMETER :  9 m/30 ft
-HEIGHT :  68 m/223 ft
-PROPELLANT CAPACITY :  3300 t/6.6 Mlb
-THRUST :  72 MN/16 Mlbf

The first stage, or booster, of our next-generation launch vehicle has a gross liftoff mass of over 3 million kg and uses sub-cooled liquid methane and liquid oxygen (CH4/LOX) propellants. The booster will return to land at the launch site on its 6 legs.

SpaceX starship Launch Date:

SpaceX planned to launch starship from SpaceX South Texas Launch Site in south Texas, the United States of America and SpaceX planned to launch Starship SpaceX's aspirational goal is to land the first humans on Mars by 2024.

In a series of Elon Musk tweets, Elon Musk outlined a plan to build a city on Mars by 2050, and fill it with 1 million people.

SpaceX:

SpaceX is a private American aerospace manufacturer and space transportation services company headquartered in Hawthorne, California. It was founded in 2002 by Elon Musk with the goal of reducing space transportation costs to enable the colonization of Mars. SpaceX has developed several launch vehicles and the Dragon spacecraft.

Meet youngest Astronaut Alyssa Carson 18-year-old training to become the first human on Mars.

noreply@blogger.com (spaceforchildren) — Sat, 7 Mar 2020 19:25:00 +0530

Meet Alyssa Carson, the 18-year-old training to become the first human on Mars:

Alyssa Carson have a dream to go to the mars at the age of 3 years old when Alyssa Carson was just three years old, she told her father that she planned to become an astronaut and go to Mars and she loves TV series The Backyardigans where the characters – animated animals – visit the red planet.

My fascination with space all started when I watched an episode of the cartoon The Backyardigans called ‘A Mission to Mars,”

by-Alyssa Carson

Alyssa Carson is so curious to know more about space, she loves space she always wants to more about space that's why she is successful in what she is doing
America’s best chance of landing on Mars. At 16 years old, Carson became the youngest person to have ever graduated from the Advanced Space Academy, the first person to have completed all of NASA’s seven Space Camps, and received the certification in applied astronautics. This officially makes Carson certified to do a suborbital research flight and venture into space, all before receiving her driver’s permit.

“Technically, I’m allowed to fly into space and just being able to say that, especially in my teens, feels amazing,”

by -Alyssa Carson

Alyssa Carson (Astronaut) Wiki, Age, Height, Career, Family & Mars Mission 2030.

Name : Alyssa Carson

Date of Birth : 10 March 2001

Age (As on 2019) : 18 Years

Occupation : Astronaut

Famous For : Future Mars Walker,

Before Famous : Astronaut Trainee

Home City : Hammond, Louisiana,United States

Current City : Washington, DC 20546,
United States

Nationality : American

Zodiac/Sun Sign : Pisces

Religion : Christian

Height (Approx) : 1.65 m

Weight (Approx) : 55 Kg

Eye Color : Dark

Hair Color : Golden Black

Marital Status : Unmarried

Parents : Father-Bert Carson

Mother : - Not Known

how to become an astronaut?

Do you like to become an Astronaut and do you want to become an Astronaut in NASA and many space agency like SpaceX, ISRO, ESA, JAXA, CNSA, Roscosmos then read this article until the last word.

in the year of 2017 more than 8300 people applied for NASA's 2017 astronaut class for only 14 spots so by this you can understand that many people are competing for fewer spots if you want to become an astronaut than you need to have the dedication curiosity to know about space and physical and mental strength. you must and need to have a passion for space and science to become an astronaut, big space agency like NASA select astronaut from the army like or people who did bachelor's degrees in engineering, biological science, physical science, computer science or mathematics.

if you want to become an Astronaut first you need to love space and science and you need to have the dedication, passion, curiosity to know more about space and science if you this then you can become an astronaut

skills you need to have to become an Astronaut:

Concentration: you need to have the concentration to become an astronaut because you need to be the focus on your tasks in space

leadership: you need to have leadership qualities to lead your team

physical strength: you must and should be physically strong to become an Astronaut.

problem-solving

logical thinking

mechanical knowledge

math skills

you need to be mentally strong

knowledge about space and science

curiosity

These are some additional skills that can help you to become an astronaut. and you need to qualify NASA's astronaut physical examination.

Dangerous Asteroids that can collide with earth,asteroids earth NASA.

noreply@blogger.com (spaceforchildren) — Tue, 3 Mar 2020 16:19:00 +0530

Top 5 Most Dangerous Asteroids that can collide with the earth and what are Asteroids made of:

What Are Asteroids?

Asteroids are small and large, rocky irregularly shaped object in space that orbits our Sun. Although asteroids orbit the Sun like planets, they are much smaller than planets. Asteroids are small, rocky objects that orbit the sun. Although asteroids orbit the sun like planets, they are much smaller than planets

what are Asteroids made of?

Asteroids are the rocky object found in Asteroid Belt, the material of Asteroid depends upon how far it is from the sun the Asteroids which are closer to the sun mostly made of carbon with smaller amounts of nitrogen, hydrogen, and oxygen.

but the Asteroids which are far from the sun mostly made up of silicate rock they are made up of oxygen and silicon

Asteroid Belt facts and whare is Asteroid Belt?

Asteroid belt in our solar system is located between Mars and Jupiter. Asteroid Belt has more than 200 Asteroid which are larger than 60 miles(100Km), our Asteroid Belt contain more than 1.1 to 1.9 million Asteroids which are bigger than 1 Kilometer (0.6 miles) and millions of smaller Asteroids

(Asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter)

asteroids earth NASA

Top 5 Dangerous Asteroid which may hit Earth:

this is the list of top 5 dangerous potentially hazardous asteroid approaching, this Asteroids may collide with earth

5.Asteroid 1999 AN10:

Asteroid 1999 AN10 is near-Earth Asteroid this is potentially Hazardous Asteroid, this Asteroid is discovered by Lincoln Near-Earth Asteroid Research (LINEAR) on 13 January 1999, in the year od 2017 the Asteroid 2014 j025 passed 1.8 Km from the earth orbit it i9s the shortest distance an asteroid passed near to earth orbit past 400 years,

but the Asteroid 1999 AN10(137108) will come much closer than steroid 2014 j025 to Earth's orbit scientists expected that this asteroid 39000 Km(24000 miles) in the year of 2027 August 7th it has a diameter or of 1.1 Km (0.62 miles).

4.Asteroid 2011 AG5(367789):

Asteroid 2011 AG5 is near-Earth Asteroid this is potentially Hazardous Asteroid this Asteroid is discovered by Mount Lemmon Survey (MLS) on 8 January 2011it has a diameter of 140 meters this Asteroid mainly studied by NASA scientists Asteroid 2011 AG5 is expected to collide with the earth on2040 February 5, it is estimated that this impact could produce 100, Mega Ton TNT6 scientists suggest that it hit6s an ocean which turns mega-tsunami or an explosion.

according to the calculation, asteroid 2011 AG5 currently has an impact probability of 1 in 625 that's relatively high figure but NASA is trying to send a mission to deflect the asteroid from the earth's orbit.

3.Asteroid 101955 Bennu:

Asteroid 101955 Bennu is also known as the 1999RQ36, it is considered as the one of the most dangerous asteroid un our solar system it has a diameter of 540 meters where ISS is 100 Meters, Bennu Asteroid it is discovered by Lincoln Near-Earth Asteroid Research (LINEAR) on 1999 11th September, scientists estimated that this asteroid will hit the earth in the year of 2182.

according to the study of NASA this Bennu Asteroid have 1 in 1000 chances of actually hitting the earth, it all depends on its trajectory known as yarkousky effecti9f it does not changes it trajectory then it is expected to impact in the year of 2182 exact date is not known.

a group of specialized Astrophysicists from NASA are working to prevent this asteroid the size of Empire State Building from hitting earth NASA is developing a mission to divert the orbit of this asteroid from the earth

2.Asteroid 1950 DA :

Asteroid 1950 DA is near-Earth Asteroid this is Potentially Hazardous Asteroid discovered by Carl Alvar Wirtanen on 23 February 1950.

according to the scientists, this asteroid may hit earth on 2800 March 16th, Asteroid 1950 DA has a diameter of 2 Km (1.24 miles) it is t5raveling 15Km/s relative to the earth following its current trajectory it has 1 in 300 and probably of colliding with the earth if it occurs it will fall in Atlantic ocean at 61155 km/hour (37999.955 miles/ hour), according to the scientists the force of impact is 44800 Mega Ton TNT, although scientists doesn't know how to stop this asteroid they are looking ways to stop it.

1.Asteroid 99942 Apophis:

Apophis is discovered by Kitt Peak National Observatory (KPNO) on 2004 June 19th, Apophis got its name from Greek word Apophis which Enemy of suns good.

according to the scientists it was estimated to be 450 meters of diameter first but then a year later they improved their observation and solved that the correct size of the Apophis asteroid has a diameter of 370 meters after it passes close to earth in the year of 2004, it is expected to pass again in April 13, 2029. in 2006 the scientists discovered that if the impact will happen in 2029 Apophis through its gravitational keyhole and set up a future impact expected to be 7 years late in the year of 2036 April 13, this asteroid can collide with the earth in future.

Apophis weights around 27 billion KG and if it hits the earth it will leave creator that would be 518 meters deep strength of Asteroid Apophis impacts is the thing that worries us the most if it collides with the earth it releases 880 million Tons Of TNT at the same time which would be around 65000 times powerful than the Hiroshima atomic bomb as such Asteroid 99942 Apophis gets top spot in our list this is that latest news on Asteroid heading to earth.

How to become an astronaut ? | Astronaut pay.

noreply@blogger.com (spaceforchildren) — Sat, 29 Feb 2020 14:01:00 +0530

how to become an astronaut?

Do you like to become an Astronaut and do you want to become an Astronaut in NASA and many space agency like SpaceX, ISRO, ESA, JAXA, CNSA, Roscosmos then read this article until the last word.

Requirements to become an Astronaut:

if you want to become an astronaut in NASA then you need to qualify all the requirements to become an astronaut

NASA select astronauts in many different ways like education, and army. you need to have this requirement to become an astronaut which are given below.

you need to have a bachelor degree in engineering, biological science, physical science, mathematics, or computer science
you need to qualify NASA physical tests for astronauts for many days
like a pilot you need to have 20/20 vision to become an astronaut The use of glasses is acceptable
you need to have at least three years of experience in your related profession after your degree.
your height should be between 62 inches(5.1 foot) and 75 inches (6.25 foot)

these are the requirements to become an astronaut, but there are many other skills that can help you to become an astronaut like leadership, scuba diving, communications skills, people who know lore languages especially Russian.

skills you need to have to become an Astronaut:

Concentration: you need to have the concentration to become an astronaut because you need to be focus on your tasks in space

leadership: you need to have leadership qualities to lead your team

physical strength: you must and should be physically strong to become an Astronaut.

problem-solving

logical thinking

mechanical knowledge

math skills

you need to be mentally strong

knowledge about space and science

curiosity

this are the some additional skills that can help you to become an astronaut. and you need to qualify NASA's astronaut physical examination.

NASA's Astronaut Physical Examination:

your height should be between 62 inches(5.1 foot) and 75 inches (6.25 foot)

blood pressure not more than 140/90 in a sitting position

you need to have 20/20 vision to become an astronaut

this are the physical tests you need to qualify to become an Astronaut in NASA.

how to become an Astronaut in SpaceX:

if you are thinking to become an Astronaut in SpaceX then the same conditions which are given above to become an Astronaut in NASA are applicable to SpaceX,

the above requirements to become an Astronaut are same for SpaceX and NASA.

how hard is it to become an astronaut?

it is so hard to become an astronaut, you need to take NASA 2 years of hard training, NASA will give hard training to astronauts in a pool called Neutral Buoyancy Laboratory(underwater), or NBL. It is near NASA's Johnson Space Center in Houston, Texas.

but if you have dedication, passion to became an Astronaut, curiosity to know more about space than you can definitely become an Astronaut.

Astronaut pay:

if you are an Astronaut in NASA than your salary will be based on you Federal Government's General Schedule pay scale, civilian astronauts IN NASA are awarded a pay grade of anywhere from GS-11 to GS-14, according to NASA current salary of GS-12 starts at $65,140 per year and then if your grade is GS-13 than you can earn up to $100,701 per year.

What Is a Black Hole? | how black holes are formed.

noreply@blogger.com (spaceforchildren) — Thu, 27 Feb 2020 18:04:00 +0530

What Is a Black Hole?

Black Holes are the region of space that has extreme gravitational even light can't escape from the gravitational force of black holes. Gravity near because the matter has been squeezed into a tiny point. Nothing can't escape from the Black Holes if it comes closer to it.
every Galaxy revolve around the Black Hole even our Milkyway galaxy,

There are four types of Black holes, they are stellar black holes, intermediate black holes, supermassive black holes, and miniature black holes,

How Black Holes are formed?

when a star which is at least three times more mass than our sun ran out of fuel and then dies and collapses in upon itself. and blast star outer layer into space and this explosion may sometimes lead to the formation of supernova if there is enough mass is left at the center after the explosion then the gravity at the core can continue to mass to be squeezed into an infinitely small point and lead to the formation of stellar black holes.

all supermassive black holes are located at the center of galaxies, the largest type of black hole is a supermassive black hole, this supermassive black has a mass more than thousands to billion times more than our sun.

intermediate black holes are formed by the collapse of the oldest stars or when two black holes collide with each other these intermediate black holes have a mass between supermassive black hole and stellar black holes.

the first image released by the Event Horizon Telescope on 10 April 2019,

image of the supermassive black hole at the center of Messier 87 is a supergiant

elliptical galaxy which is 53 million light-years) from Earth

who discovered black holes?

in the 18th century John Michell said about the objects which have strong gravitational force even light can't escape from that, but The first modern solution of general relativity that would characterize a black hole was found by Karl Schwarzschild in 1916, Black Holes are discovered by the great German physicist and astronomer by Karl Schwarzschild(9 October 1873 – 11 May 1916) in the year of 1916. Schwarzschild's solution Schwarzschild coordinates and the Schwarzschild metric leads to a derivation of the Schwarzschild radius, which is the size of the event horizon of a non-rotating black hole.

image of Karl Schwarzschild who discovered Black Holes

how many black holes are there?

scientists have found stellar black holes, intermediate black holes, supermassive black holes until now but we can't say how many black holes are present in this universe because the observable universe that we can see is 46 billion light-years if we want to say the particular number of black holes present this universe then we need to study the whole universe, but scientists estimated that there may be more than ten million to Billion black holes just only in our Milkyway galaxy.

List of top 5 biggest black holes:

5. H1821+643 supermassive black hole.

4. S5 0014+81 supermassive black hole.

3. IC 1101 supermassive black hole.

2. Holmberg 15A supermassive black hole.

1. TON 618 supermassive black hole.

Cosmos for child

Meteor Shower July 2025, How to Watch the Early Perseids in the Night Sky

Meteor Shower July 2025: Watch the Night Sky Light Up with the Perseids

What Is the July 2025 Meteor Shower?

How to Watch the Meteor Shower in July

Where Is It Visible?

Why Watch in July?

Nasa SpaceX crew return: Dragon capsule splashes down.

Nasa SpaceX crew return: Dragon capsule splashes down.

Saving the government billions

Send your name to Mars

Send your name to Mars

NASA, ULA Launch Mars 2020 Perseverance Rover Mission to Red Planet

How to prevent spreading the Corona virus disease (COVID-19)

prevent coronavirus disease (COVID-19):

Do this thing to control coronavirus disease (COVID-19) :

1.Wash your hands frequently:

2.Maintain social distancing

3.Avoid touching eyes, nose and mouth

4.Practice respiratory hygiene:

5.If you have fever, cough and difficulty

breathing, seek medical care early:

6.Stay Home:

Stay informed and follow advice given by

your healthcare provider.

There’s currently no vaccine to prevent

coronavirus disease (COVID-19).

Hubble telescope top 20 images:galaxies,clusters beautiful images by Hubble telescope

Hubble telescope top 20 images

1. PILLARS OF CREATION (NEW VIEW)

2. A ROSE MADE OF GALAXIES

3. EXTREME STAR CLUSTER BURSTS INTO LIFE

4. ANTENNAE GALAXIES RELOADED

5. HORSEHEAD NEBULA (NEW INFRARED VIEW)

6. MAGNETIC MONSTER NGC 1275

7. HUBBLE ULTRA DEEP FIELD IS FILLED WITH GALAXIES

8. HUBBLE MOSAIC OF THE MAJESTIC SOMBRERO GALAXY

9. NEW STARS SHED LIGHT ON THE PAST

10. MOST DETAILED IMAGE OF THE CRAB NEBULA

11. BUTTERFLY EMERGES FROM STELLAR DEMISE IN PLANETARY NEBULA

12. HUBBLE’S SHARPEST VIEW OF THE ORION NEBULA

13. YOUNG STARS SCULPT GAS WITH POWERFUL OUTFLOWS

14. OUT OF THIS WHIRL: WHIRLPOOL GALAXY (M51) AND COMPANION GALAXY

15. STELLAR SPIRE IN THE EAGLE NEBULA

16. COSMIC DUST BUNNIES

17. LIGHT CONTINUES TO ECHO THREE YEARS AFTER STELLAR OUTBURST

18. BEAUTIFUL BARRED SPIRAL GALAXY NGC 1300

19. A RUNAWAY GALAXY

21. GHOSTLY STAR-FORMING PILLAR OF GAS AND DUST

spaceX starship | Elon Musk plan to build a city on Mars by 2050

spaceX starship | Elon Musk plan to build a city on Mars by 2050:

SpaceX starship:

STARSHIP:

-DIAMETER : 9 m/30 ft-HEIGHT : 50 m/160 ft-PROPELLANT CAPACITY : 1200 t/2.4 Mlb-PAYLOAD CAPACITY : 100+ t/220+ klb

SpaceX starship Launch Date:

SpaceX:

Meet youngest Astronaut Alyssa Carson 18-year-old training to become the first human on Mars.

Meet Alyssa Carson, the 18-year-old training to become the first human on Mars:

Alyssa Carson (Astronaut) Wiki, Age, Height, Career, Family & Mars Mission 2030.

how to become an astronaut?

skills you need to have to become an Astronaut:

Dangerous Asteroids that can collide with earth,asteroids earth NASA.

Top 5 Most Dangerous Asteroids that can collide with the earth and what are Asteroids made of:

What Are Asteroids?

what are Asteroids made of?

Asteroid Belt facts and whare is Asteroid Belt?

asteroids earth NASA

Top 5 Dangerous Asteroid which may hit Earth:

5.Asteroid 1999 AN10:

4.Asteroid 2011 AG5(367789):

3.Asteroid 101955 Bennu:

2.Asteroid 1950 DA :

1.Asteroid 99942 Apophis:

How to become an astronaut ? | Astronaut pay.

how to become an astronaut?

Requirements to become an Astronaut:

skills you need to have to become an Astronaut:

NASA's Astronaut Physical Examination:

how to become an Astronaut in SpaceX:

how hard is it to become an astronaut?

-DIAMETER : 9 m/30 ft
-HEIGHT : 50 m/160 ft
-PROPELLANT CAPACITY : 1200 t/2.4 Mlb
-PAYLOAD CAPACITY : 100+ t/220+ klb