<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" class="wf-active">
    <!--  89a59e35950a | twig:1.41.0-DEV | cluster: cheggstudy | fullConf: prod-cheggstudy -->
<head>
        <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no">
        
    <title>Get Homework Help With Chegg Study | Chegg.com</title>
                <meta property="og:title" content="Chegg.com" />
        <meta property="og:type" content="website" />
        <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.chegg.com/study" />
        <meta property="og:image" content="https://c.cheggcdn.com/assets/site/marketing/icons/icon-studenthub-200x200.png" />
        <!-- X-UA-Compatible is needed to override compatibility view on ie to be 11 or highest version available-->
    <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=11" />
    <meta charset="utf-8"><script type="text/javascript">(window.NREUM||(NREUM={})).loader_config={xpid:"UQYGUlNVGwUBU1BQAQUP",licenseKey:"1fabaefecb",applicationID:"61712648"};window.NREUM||(NREUM={}),__nr_require=function(t,e,n){function r(n){if(!e[n]){var o=e[n]={exports:{}};t[n][0].call(o.exports,function(e){var o=t[n][1][e];return r(o||e)},o,o.exports)}return e[n].exports}if("function"==typeof __nr_require)return __nr_require;for(var o=0;o<n.length;o++)r(n[o]);return r}({1:[function(t,e,n){function r(t){try{s.console&&console.log(t)}catch(e){}}var o,i=t("ee"),a=t(25),s={};try{o=localStorage.getItem("__nr_flags").split(","),console&&"function"==typeof console.log&&(s.console=!0,o.indexOf("dev")!==-1&&(s.dev=!0),o.indexOf("nr_dev")!==-1&&(s.nrDev=!0))}catch(c){}s.nrDev&&i.on("internal-error",function(t){r(t.stack)}),s.dev&&i.on("fn-err",function(t,e,n){r(n.stack)}),s.dev&&(r("NR AGENT IN DEVELOPMENT MODE"),r("flags: "+a(s,function(t,e){return t}).join(", ")))},{}],2:[function(t,e,n){function r(t,e,n,r,s){try{l?l-=1:o(s||new UncaughtException(t,e,n),!0)}catch(f){try{i("ierr",[f,c.now(),!0])}catch(d){}}return"function"==typeof u&&u.apply(this,a(arguments))}function UncaughtException(t,e,n){this.message=t||"Uncaught error with no additional information",this.sourceURL=e,this.line=n}function o(t,e){var n=e?null:c.now();i("err",[t,n])}var i=t("handle"),a=t(26),s=t("ee"),c=t("loader"),f=t("gos"),u=window.onerror,d=!1,p="nr@seenError",l=0;c.features.err=!0,t(1),window.onerror=r;try{throw new Error}catch(h){"stack"in h&&(t(13),t(12),"addEventListener"in window&&t(6),c.xhrWrappable&&t(14),d=!0)}s.on("fn-start",function(t,e,n){d&&(l+=1)}),s.on("fn-err",function(t,e,n){d&&!n[p]&&(f(n,p,function(){return!0}),this.thrown=!0,o(n))}),s.on("fn-end",function(){d&&!this.thrown&&l>0&&(l-=1)}),s.on("internal-error",function(t){i("ierr",[t,c.now(),!0])})},{}],3:[function(t,e,n){t("loader").features.ins=!0},{}],4:[function(t,e,n){function r(){L++,C=g.hash,this[u]=y.now()}function o(){L--,g.hash!==C&&i(0,!0);var t=y.now();this[h]=~~this[h]+t-this[u],this[d]=t}function i(t,e){E.emit("newURL",[""+g,e])}function a(t,e){t.on(e,function(){this[e]=y.now()})}var s="-start",c="-end",f="-body",u="fn"+s,d="fn"+c,p="cb"+s,l="cb"+c,h="jsTime",m="fetch",v="addEventListener",w=window,g=w.location,y=t("loader");if(w[v]&&y.xhrWrappable){var x=t(10),b=t(11),E=t(8),O=t(6),R=t(13),P=t(7),T=t(14),N=t(9),M=t("ee"),S=M.get("tracer");t(16),y.features.spa=!0;var C,L=0;M.on(u,r),M.on(p,r),M.on(d,o),M.on(l,o),M.buffer([u,d,"xhr-done","xhr-resolved"]),O.buffer([u]),R.buffer(["setTimeout"+c,"clearTimeout"+s,u]),T.buffer([u,"new-xhr","send-xhr"+s]),P.buffer([m+s,m+"-done",m+f+s,m+f+c]),E.buffer(["newURL"]),x.buffer([u]),b.buffer(["propagate",p,l,"executor-err","resolve"+s]),S.buffer([u,"no-"+u]),N.buffer(["new-jsonp","cb-start","jsonp-error","jsonp-end"]),a(T,"send-xhr"+s),a(M,"xhr-resolved"),a(M,"xhr-done"),a(P,m+s),a(P,m+"-done"),a(N,"new-jsonp"),a(N,"jsonp-end"),a(N,"cb-start"),E.on("pushState-end",i),E.on("replaceState-end",i),w[v]("hashchange",i,!0),w[v]("load",i,!0),w[v]("popstate",function(){i(0,L>1)},!0)}},{}],5:[function(t,e,n){function r(t){}if(window.performance&&window.performance.timing&&window.performance.getEntriesByType){var o=t("ee"),i=t("handle"),a=t(13),s=t(12),c="learResourceTimings",f="addEventListener",u="resourcetimingbufferfull",d="bstResource",p="resource",l="-start",h="-end",m="fn"+l,v="fn"+h,w="bstTimer",g="pushState",y=t("loader");y.features.stn=!0,t(8),"addEventListener"in window&&t(6);var x=NREUM.o.EV;o.on(m,function(t,e){var n=t[0];n instanceof x&&(this.bstStart=y.now())}),o.on(v,function(t,e){var n=t[0];n instanceof x&&i("bst",[n,e,this.bstStart,y.now()])}),a.on(m,function(t,e,n){this.bstStart=y.now(),this.bstType=n}),a.on(v,function(t,e){i(w,[e,this.bstStart,y.now(),this.bstType])}),s.on(m,function(){this.bstStart=y.now()}),s.on(v,function(t,e){i(w,[e,this.bstStart,y.now(),"requestAnimationFrame"])}),o.on(g+l,function(t){this.time=y.now(),this.startPath=location.pathname+location.hash}),o.on(g+h,function(t){i("bstHist",[location.pathname+location.hash,this.startPath,this.time])}),f in window.performance&&(window.performance["c"+c]?window.performance[f](u,function(t){i(d,[window.performance.getEntriesByType(p)]),window.performance["c"+c]()},!1):window.performance[f]("webkit"+u,function(t){i(d,[window.performance.getEntriesByType(p)]),window.performance["webkitC"+c]()},!1)),document[f]("scroll",r,{passive:!0}),document[f]("keypress",r,!1),document[f]("click",r,!1)}},{}],6:[function(t,e,n){function r(t){for(var e=t;e&&!e.hasOwnProperty(u);)e=Object.getPrototypeOf(e);e&&o(e)}function o(t){s.inPlace(t,[u,d],"-",i)}function i(t,e){return t[1]}var a=t("ee").get("events"),s=t("wrap-function")(a,!0),c=t("gos"),f=XMLHttpRequest,u="addEventListener",d="removeEventListener";e.exports=a,"getPrototypeOf"in Object?(r(document),r(window),r(f.prototype)):f.prototype.hasOwnProperty(u)&&(o(window),o(f.prototype)),a.on(u+"-start",function(t,e){var n=t[1],r=c(n,"nr@wrapped",function(){function t(){if("function"==typeof n.handleEvent)return n.handleEvent.apply(n,arguments)}var e={object:t,"function":n}[typeof n];return e?s(e,"fn-",null,e.name||"anonymous"):n});this.wrapped=t[1]=r}),a.on(d+"-start",function(t){t[1]=this.wrapped||t[1]})},{}],7:[function(t,e,n){function r(t,e,n){var r=t[e];"function"==typeof r&&(t[e]=function(){var t=i(arguments),e={};o.emit(n+"before-start",[t],e);var a;e[m]&&e[m].dt&&(a=e[m].dt);var s=r.apply(this,t);return o.emit(n+"start",[t,a],s),s.then(function(t){return o.emit(n+"end",[null,t],s),t},function(t){throw o.emit(n+"end",[t],s),t})})}var o=t("ee").get("fetch"),i=t(26),a=t(25);e.exports=o;var s=window,c="fetch-",f=c+"body-",u=["arrayBuffer","blob","json","text","formData"],d=s.Request,p=s.Response,l=s.fetch,h="prototype",m="nr@context";d&&p&&l&&(a(u,function(t,e){r(d[h],e,f),r(p[h],e,f)}),r(s,"fetch",c),o.on(c+"end",function(t,e){var n=this;if(e){var r=e.headers.get("content-length");null!==r&&(n.rxSize=r),o.emit(c+"done",[null,e],n)}else o.emit(c+"done",[t],n)}))},{}],8:[function(t,e,n){var r=t("ee").get("history"),o=t("wrap-function")(r);e.exports=r;var i=window.history&&window.history.constructor&&window.history.constructor.prototype,a=window.history;i&&i.pushState&&i.replaceState&&(a=i),o.inPlace(a,["pushState","replaceState"],"-")},{}],9:[function(t,e,n){function r(t){function e(){c.emit("jsonp-end",[],p),t.removeEventListener("load",e,!1),t.removeEventListener("error",n,!1)}function n(){c.emit("jsonp-error",[],p),c.emit("jsonp-end",[],p),t.removeEventListener("load",e,!1),t.removeEventListener("error",n,!1)}var r=t&&"string"==typeof t.nodeName&&"script"===t.nodeName.toLowerCase();if(r){var o="function"==typeof t.addEventListener;if(o){var a=i(t.src);if(a){var u=s(a),d="function"==typeof u.parent[u.key];if(d){var p={};f.inPlace(u.parent,[u.key],"cb-",p),t.addEventListener("load",e,!1),t.addEventListener("error",n,!1),c.emit("new-jsonp",[t.src],p)}}}}}function o(){return"addEventListener"in window}function i(t){var e=t.match(u);return e?e[1]:null}function a(t,e){var n=t.match(p),r=n[1],o=n[3];return o?a(o,e[r]):e[r]}function s(t){var e=t.match(d);return e&&e.length>=3?{key:e[2],parent:a(e[1],window)}:{key:t,parent:window}}var c=t("ee").get("jsonp"),f=t("wrap-function")(c);if(e.exports=c,o()){var u=/[?&](?:callback|cb)=([^&#]+)/,d=/(.*)\.([^.]+)/,p=/^(\w+)(\.|$)(.*)$/,l=["appendChild","insertBefore","replaceChild"];Node&&Node.prototype&&Node.prototype.appendChild?f.inPlace(Node.prototype,l,"dom-"):(f.inPlace(HTMLElement.prototype,l,"dom-"),f.inPlace(HTMLHeadElement.prototype,l,"dom-"),f.inPlace(HTMLBodyElement.prototype,l,"dom-")),c.on("dom-start",function(t){r(t[0])})}},{}],10:[function(t,e,n){var r=t("ee").get("mutation"),o=t("wrap-function")(r),i=NREUM.o.MO;e.exports=r,i&&(window.MutationObserver=function(t){return this instanceof i?new i(o(t,"fn-")):i.apply(this,arguments)},MutationObserver.prototype=i.prototype)},{}],11:[function(t,e,n){function r(t){var e=a.context(),n=s(t,"executor-",e),r=new f(n);return a.context(r).getCtx=function(){return e},a.emit("new-promise",[r,e],e),r}function o(t,e){return e}var i=t("wrap-function"),a=t("ee").get("promise"),s=i(a),c=t(25),f=NREUM.o.PR;e.exports=a,f&&(window.Promise=r,["all","race"].forEach(function(t){var e=f[t];f[t]=function(n){function r(t){return function(){a.emit("propagate",[null,!o],i),o=o||!t}}var o=!1;c(n,function(e,n){Promise.resolve(n).then(r("all"===t),r(!1))});var i=e.apply(f,arguments),s=f.resolve(i);return s}}),["resolve","reject"].forEach(function(t){var e=f[t];f[t]=function(t){var n=e.apply(f,arguments);return t!==n&&a.emit("propagate",[t,!0],n),n}}),f.prototype["catch"]=function(t){return this.then(null,t)},f.prototype=Object.create(f.prototype,{constructor:{value:r}}),c(Object.getOwnPropertyNames(f),function(t,e){try{r[e]=f[e]}catch(n){}}),a.on("executor-start",function(t){t[0]=s(t[0],"resolve-",this),t[1]=s(t[1],"resolve-",this)}),a.on("executor-err",function(t,e,n){t[1](n)}),s.inPlace(f.prototype,["then"],"then-",o),a.on("then-start",function(t,e){this.promise=e,t[0]=s(t[0],"cb-",this),t[1]=s(t[1],"cb-",this)}),a.on("then-end",function(t,e,n){this.nextPromise=n;var r=this.promise;a.emit("propagate",[r,!0],n)}),a.on("cb-end",function(t,e,n){a.emit("propagate",[n,!0],this.nextPromise)}),a.on("propagate",function(t,e,n){this.getCtx&&!e||(this.getCtx=function(){if(t instanceof Promise)var e=a.context(t);return e&&e.getCtx?e.getCtx():this})}),r.toString=function(){return""+f})},{}],12:[function(t,e,n){var r=t("ee").get("raf"),o=t("wrap-function")(r),i="equestAnimationFrame";e.exports=r,o.inPlace(window,["r"+i,"mozR"+i,"webkitR"+i,"msR"+i],"raf-"),r.on("raf-start",function(t){t[0]=o(t[0],"fn-")})},{}],13:[function(t,e,n){function r(t,e,n){t[0]=a(t[0],"fn-",null,n)}function o(t,e,n){this.method=n,this.timerDuration=isNaN(t[1])?0:+t[1],t[0]=a(t[0],"fn-",this,n)}var i=t("ee").get("timer"),a=t("wrap-function")(i),s="setTimeout",c="setInterval",f="clearTimeout",u="-start",d="-";e.exports=i,a.inPlace(window,[s,"setImmediate"],s+d),a.inPlace(window,[c],c+d),a.inPlace(window,[f,"clearImmediate"],f+d),i.on(c+u,r),i.on(s+u,o)},{}],14:[function(t,e,n){function r(t,e){d.inPlace(e,["onreadystatechange"],"fn-",s)}function o(){var t=this,e=u.context(t);t.readyState>3&&!e.resolved&&(e.resolved=!0,u.emit("xhr-resolved",[],t)),d.inPlace(t,g,"fn-",s)}function i(t){y.push(t),h&&(b?b.then(a):v?v(a):(E=-E,O.data=E))}function a(){for(var t=0;t<y.length;t++)r([],y[t]);y.length&&(y=[])}function s(t,e){return e}function c(t,e){for(var n in t)e[n]=t[n];return e}t(6);var f=t("ee"),u=f.get("xhr"),d=t("wrap-function")(u),p=NREUM.o,l=p.XHR,h=p.MO,m=p.PR,v=p.SI,w="readystatechange",g=["onload","onerror","onabort","onloadstart","onloadend","onprogress","ontimeout"],y=[];e.exports=u;var x=window.XMLHttpRequest=function(t){var e=new l(t);try{u.emit("new-xhr",[e],e),e.addEventListener(w,o,!1)}catch(n){try{u.emit("internal-error",[n])}catch(r){}}return e};if(c(l,x),x.prototype=l.prototype,d.inPlace(x.prototype,["open","send"],"-xhr-",s),u.on("send-xhr-start",function(t,e){r(t,e),i(e)}),u.on("open-xhr-start",r),h){var b=m&&m.resolve();if(!v&&!m){var E=1,O=document.createTextNode(E);new h(a).observe(O,{characterData:!0})}}else f.on("fn-end",function(t){t[0]&&t[0].type===w||a()})},{}],15:[function(t,e,n){function r(t){if(!i(t))return null;var e=window.NREUM;if(!e.loader_config)return null;var n=(e.loader_config.accountID||"").toString()||null,r=(e.loader_config.agentID||"").toString()||null,s=(e.loader_config.trustKey||"").toString()||null;if(!n||!r)return null;var c=a.generateCatId(),f=a.generateCatId(),u=Date.now(),d=o(c,f,u,n,r,s);return{header:d,guid:c,traceId:f,timestamp:u}}function o(t,e,n,r,o,i){var a="btoa"in window&&"function"==typeof window.btoa;if(!a)return null;var s={v:[0,1],d:{ty:"Browser",ac:r,ap:o,id:t,tr:e,ti:n}};return i&&r!==i&&(s.d.tk=i),btoa(JSON.stringify(s))}function i(t){var e=!1,n=!1,r={};if("init"in NREUM&&"distributed_tracing"in NREUM.init&&(r=NREUM.init.distributed_tracing,n=!!r.enabled),n)if(t.sameOrigin)e=!0;else if(r.allowed_origins instanceof Array)for(var o=0;o<r.allowed_origins.length;o++){var i=s(r.allowed_origins[o]);if(t.hostname===i.hostname&&t.protocol===i.protocol&&t.port===i.port){e=!0;break}}return n&&e}var a=t(23),s=t(17);e.exports={generateTracePayload:r,shouldGenerateTrace:i}},{}],16:[function(t,e,n){function r(t){var e=this.params,n=this.metrics;if(!this.ended){this.ended=!0;for(var r=0;r<p;r++)t.removeEventListener(d[r],this.listener,!1);e.aborted||(n.duration=a.now()-this.startTime,this.loadCaptureCalled||4!==t.readyState?null==e.status&&(e.status=0):i(this,t),n.cbTime=this.cbTime,u.emit("xhr-done",[t],t),s("xhr",[e,n,this.startTime]))}}function o(t,e){var n=c(e),r=t.params;r.host=n.hostname+":"+n.port,r.pathname=n.pathname,t.parsedOrigin=c(e),t.sameOrigin=t.parsedOrigin.sameOrigin}function i(t,e){t.params.status=e.status;var n=v(e,t.lastSize);if(n&&(t.metrics.rxSize=n),t.sameOrigin){var r=e.getResponseHeader("X-NewRelic-App-Data");r&&(t.params.cat=r.split(", ").pop())}t.loadCaptureCalled=!0}var a=t("loader");if(a.xhrWrappable){var s=t("handle"),c=t(17),f=t(15).generateTracePayload,u=t("ee"),d=["load","error","abort","timeout"],p=d.length,l=t("id"),h=t(21),m=t(20),v=t(18),w=window.XMLHttpRequest;a.features.xhr=!0,t(14),t(7),u.on("new-xhr",function(t){var e=this;e.totalCbs=0,e.called=0,e.cbTime=0,e.end=r,e.ended=!1,e.xhrGuids={},e.lastSize=null,e.loadCaptureCalled=!1,t.addEventListener("load",function(n){i(e,t)},!1),h&&(h>34||h<10)||window.opera||t.addEventListener("progress",function(t){e.lastSize=t.loaded},!1)}),u.on("open-xhr-start",function(t){this.params={method:t[0]},o(this,t[1]),this.metrics={}}),u.on("open-xhr-end",function(t,e){"loader_config"in NREUM&&"xpid"in NREUM.loader_config&&this.sameOrigin&&e.setRequestHeader("X-NewRelic-ID",NREUM.loader_config.xpid);var n=f(this.parsedOrigin);n&&n.header&&(e.setRequestHeader("newrelic",n.header),this.dt=n)}),u.on("send-xhr-start",function(t,e){var n=this.metrics,r=t[0],o=this;if(n&&r){var i=m(r);i&&(n.txSize=i)}this.startTime=a.now(),this.listener=function(t){try{"abort"!==t.type||o.loadCaptureCalled||(o.params.aborted=!0),("load"!==t.type||o.called===o.totalCbs&&(o.onloadCalled||"function"!=typeof e.onload))&&o.end(e)}catch(n){try{u.emit("internal-error",[n])}catch(r){}}};for(var s=0;s<p;s++)e.addEventListener(d[s],this.listener,!1)}),u.on("xhr-cb-time",function(t,e,n){this.cbTime+=t,e?this.onloadCalled=!0:this.called+=1,this.called!==this.totalCbs||!this.onloadCalled&&"function"==typeof n.onload||this.end(n)}),u.on("xhr-load-added",function(t,e){var n=""+l(t)+!!e;this.xhrGuids&&!this.xhrGuids[n]&&(this.xhrGuids[n]=!0,this.totalCbs+=1)}),u.on("xhr-load-removed",function(t,e){var n=""+l(t)+!!e;this.xhrGuids&&this.xhrGuids[n]&&(delete this.xhrGuids[n],this.totalCbs-=1)}),u.on("addEventListener-end",function(t,e){e instanceof w&&"load"===t[0]&&u.emit("xhr-load-added",[t[1],t[2]],e)}),u.on("removeEventListener-end",function(t,e){e instanceof w&&"load"===t[0]&&u.emit("xhr-load-removed",[t[1],t[2]],e)}),u.on("fn-start",function(t,e,n){e instanceof w&&("onload"===n&&(this.onload=!0),("load"===(t[0]&&t[0].type)||this.onload)&&(this.xhrCbStart=a.now()))}),u.on("fn-end",function(t,e){this.xhrCbStart&&u.emit("xhr-cb-time",[a.now()-this.xhrCbStart,this.onload,e],e)}),u.on("fetch-before-start",function(t){var e,n=t[1]||{};"string"==typeof t[0]?e=t[0]:t[0]&&t[0].url&&(e=t[0].url),e&&(this.parsedOrigin=c(e),this.sameOrigin=this.parsedOrigin.sameOrigin);var r=f(this.parsedOrigin);if(r&&r.header){var o=r.header;if("string"==typeof t[0]){var i={};for(var a in n)i[a]=n[a];i.headers=new Headers(n.headers||{}),i.headers.set("newrelic",o),this.dt=r,t.length>1?t[1]=i:t.push(i)}else t[0]&&t[0].headers&&(t[0].headers.append("newrelic",o),this.dt=r)}})}},{}],17:[function(t,e,n){var r={};e.exports=function(t){if(t in r)return r[t];var e=document.createElement("a"),n=window.location,o={};e.href=t,o.port=e.port;var i=e.href.split("://");!o.port&&i[1]&&(o.port=i[1].split("/")[0].split("@").pop().split(":")[1]),o.port&&"0"!==o.port||(o.port="https"===i[0]?"443":"80"),o.hostname=e.hostname||n.hostname,o.pathname=e.pathname,o.protocol=i[0],"/"!==o.pathname.charAt(0)&&(o.pathname="/"+o.pathname);var a=!e.protocol||":"===e.protocol||e.protocol===n.protocol,s=e.hostname===document.domain&&e.port===n.port;return o.sameOrigin=a&&(!e.hostname||s),"/"===o.pathname&&(r[t]=o),o}},{}],18:[function(t,e,n){function r(t,e){var n=t.responseType;return"json"===n&&null!==e?e:"arraybuffer"===n||"blob"===n||"json"===n?o(t.response):"text"===n||""===n||void 0===n?o(t.responseText):void 0}var o=t(20);e.exports=r},{}],19:[function(t,e,n){function r(){}function o(t,e,n){return function(){return i(t,[f.now()].concat(s(arguments)),e?null:this,n),e?void 0:this}}var i=t("handle"),a=t(25),s=t(26),c=t("ee").get("tracer"),f=t("loader"),u=NREUM;"undefined"==typeof window.newrelic&&(newrelic=u);var d=["setPageViewName","setCustomAttribute","setErrorHandler","finished","addToTrace","inlineHit","addRelease"],p="api-",l=p+"ixn-";a(d,function(t,e){u[e]=o(p+e,!0,"api")}),u.addPageAction=o(p+"addPageAction",!0),u.setCurrentRouteName=o(p+"routeName",!0),e.exports=newrelic,u.interaction=function(){return(new r).get()};var h=r.prototype={createTracer:function(t,e){var n={},r=this,o="function"==typeof e;return i(l+"tracer",[f.now(),t,n],r),function(){if(c.emit((o?"":"no-")+"fn-start",[f.now(),r,o],n),o)try{return e.apply(this,arguments)}catch(t){throw c.emit("fn-err",[arguments,this,t],n),t}finally{c.emit("fn-end",[f.now()],n)}}}};a("actionText,setName,setAttribute,save,ignore,onEnd,getContext,end,get".split(","),function(t,e){h[e]=o(l+e)}),newrelic.noticeError=function(t,e){"string"==typeof t&&(t=new Error(t)),i("err",[t,f.now(),!1,e])}},{}],20:[function(t,e,n){e.exports=function(t){if("string"==typeof t&&t.length)return t.length;if("object"==typeof t){if("undefined"!=typeof ArrayBuffer&&t instanceof ArrayBuffer&&t.byteLength)return t.byteLength;if("undefined"!=typeof Blob&&t instanceof Blob&&t.size)return t.size;if(!("undefined"!=typeof FormData&&t instanceof FormData))try{return JSON.stringify(t).length}catch(e){return}}}},{}],21:[function(t,e,n){var r=0,o=navigator.userAgent.match(/Firefox[\/\s](\d+\.\d+)/);o&&(r=+o[1]),e.exports=r},{}],22:[function(t,e,n){function r(t,e){var n=t.getEntries();n.forEach(function(t){"first-paint"===t.name?c("timing",["fp",Math.floor(t.startTime)]):"first-contentful-paint"===t.name&&c("timing",["fcp",Math.floor(t.startTime)])})}function o(t,e){var n=t.getEntries();n.length>0&&c("lcp",[n[n.length-1]])}function i(t){if(t instanceof u&&!p){var e,n=Math.round(t.timeStamp);e=n>1e12?Date.now()-n:f.now()-n,p=!0,c("timing",["fi",n,{type:t.type,fid:e}])}}if(!("init"in NREUM&&"page_view_timing"in NREUM.init&&"enabled"in NREUM.init.page_view_timing&&NREUM.init.page_view_timing.enabled===!1)){var a,s,c=t("handle"),f=t("loader"),u=NREUM.o.EV;if("PerformanceObserver"in window&&"function"==typeof window.PerformanceObserver){a=new PerformanceObserver(r),s=new PerformanceObserver(o);try{a.observe({entryTypes:["paint"]}),s.observe({entryTypes:["largest-contentful-paint"]})}catch(d){}}if("addEventListener"in document){var p=!1,l=["click","keydown","mousedown","pointerdown","touchstart"];l.forEach(function(t){document.addEventListener(t,i,!1)})}}},{}],23:[function(t,e,n){function r(){function t(){return e?15&e[n++]:16*Math.random()|0}var e=null,n=0,r=window.crypto||window.msCrypto;r&&r.getRandomValues&&(e=r.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(31)));for(var o,i="xxxxxxxx-xxxx-4xxx-yxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx",a="",s=0;s<i.length;s++)o=i[s],"x"===o?a+=t().toString(16):"y"===o?(o=3&t()|8,a+=o.toString(16)):a+=o;return a}function o(){function t(){return e?15&e[n++]:16*Math.random()|0}var e=null,n=0,r=window.crypto||window.msCrypto;r&&r.getRandomValues&&Uint8Array&&(e=r.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(31)));for(var o=[],i=0;i<16;i++)o.push(t().toString(16));return o.join("")}e.exports={generateUuid:r,generateCatId:o}},{}],24:[function(t,e,n){function r(t,e){if(!o)return!1;if(t!==o)return!1;if(!e)return!0;if(!i)return!1;for(var n=i.split("."),r=e.split("."),a=0;a<r.length;a++)if(r[a]!==n[a])return!1;return!0}var o=null,i=null,a=/Version\/(\S+)\s+Safari/;if(navigator.userAgent){var s=navigator.userAgent,c=s.match(a);c&&s.indexOf("Chrome")===-1&&s.indexOf("Chromium")===-1&&(o="Safari",i=c[1])}e.exports={agent:o,version:i,match:r}},{}],25:[function(t,e,n){function r(t,e){var n=[],r="",i=0;for(r in t)o.call(t,r)&&(n[i]=e(r,t[r]),i+=1);return n}var o=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty;e.exports=r},{}],26:[function(t,e,n){function r(t,e,n){e||(e=0),"undefined"==typeof n&&(n=t?t.length:0);for(var r=-1,o=n-e||0,i=Array(o<0?0:o);++r<o;)i[r]=t[e+r];return i}e.exports=r},{}],27:[function(t,e,n){e.exports={exists:"undefined"!=typeof window.performance&&window.performance.timing&&"undefined"!=typeof window.performance.timing.navigationStart}},{}],ee:[function(t,e,n){function r(){}function o(t){function e(t){return t&&t instanceof r?t:t?c(t,s,i):i()}function n(n,r,o,i){if(!p.aborted||i){t&&t(n,r,o);for(var a=e(o),s=m(n),c=s.length,f=0;f<c;f++)s[f].apply(a,r);var d=u[y[n]];return d&&d.push([x,n,r,a]),a}}function l(t,e){g[t]=m(t).concat(e)}function h(t,e){var n=g[t];if(n)for(var r=0;r<n.length;r++)n[r]===e&&n.splice(r,1)}function m(t){return g[t]||[]}function v(t){return d[t]=d[t]||o(n)}function w(t,e){f(t,function(t,n){e=e||"feature",y[n]=e,e in u||(u[e]=[])})}var g={},y={},x={on:l,addEventListener:l,removeEventListener:h,emit:n,get:v,listeners:m,context:e,buffer:w,abort:a,aborted:!1};return x}function i(){return new r}function a(){(u.api||u.feature)&&(p.aborted=!0,u=p.backlog={})}var s="nr@context",c=t("gos"),f=t(25),u={},d={},p=e.exports=o();p.backlog=u},{}],gos:[function(t,e,n){function r(t,e,n){if(o.call(t,e))return t[e];var r=n();if(Object.defineProperty&&Object.keys)try{return Object.defineProperty(t,e,{value:r,writable:!0,enumerable:!1}),r}catch(i){}return t[e]=r,r}var o=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty;e.exports=r},{}],handle:[function(t,e,n){function r(t,e,n,r){o.buffer([t],r),o.emit(t,e,n)}var o=t("ee").get("handle");e.exports=r,r.ee=o},{}],id:[function(t,e,n){function r(t){var e=typeof t;return!t||"object"!==e&&"function"!==e?-1:t===window?0:a(t,i,function(){return o++})}var o=1,i="nr@id",a=t("gos");e.exports=r},{}],loader:[function(t,e,n){function r(){if(!E++){var t=b.info=NREUM.info,e=l.getElementsByTagName("script")[0];if(setTimeout(u.abort,3e4),!(t&&t.licenseKey&&t.applicationID&&e))return u.abort();f(y,function(e,n){t[e]||(t[e]=n)}),c("mark",["onload",a()+b.offset],null,"api");var n=l.createElement("script");n.src="https://"+t.agent,e.parentNode.insertBefore(n,e)}}function o(){"complete"===l.readyState&&i()}function i(){c("mark",["domContent",a()+b.offset],null,"api")}function a(){return O.exists&&performance.now?Math.round(performance.now()):(s=Math.max((new Date).getTime(),s))-b.offset}var s=(new Date).getTime(),c=t("handle"),f=t(25),u=t("ee"),d=t(24),p=window,l=p.document,h="addEventListener",m="attachEvent",v=p.XMLHttpRequest,w=v&&v.prototype;NREUM.o={ST:setTimeout,SI:p.setImmediate,CT:clearTimeout,XHR:v,REQ:p.Request,EV:p.Event,PR:p.Promise,MO:p.MutationObserver};var g=""+location,y={beacon:"bam.nr-data.net",errorBeacon:"bam.nr-data.net",agent:"js-agent.newrelic.com/nr-spa-1169.min.js"},x=v&&w&&w[h]&&!/CriOS/.test(navigator.userAgent),b=e.exports={offset:s,now:a,origin:g,features:{},xhrWrappable:x,userAgent:d};t(19),t(22),l[h]?(l[h]("DOMContentLoaded",i,!1),p[h]("load",r,!1)):(l[m]("onreadystatechange",o),p[m]("onload",r)),c("mark",["firstbyte",s],null,"api");var E=0,O=t(27)},{}],"wrap-function":[function(t,e,n){function r(t){return!(t&&t instanceof Function&&t.apply&&!t[a])}var o=t("ee"),i=t(26),a="nr@original",s=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty,c=!1;e.exports=function(t,e){function n(t,e,n,o){function nrWrapper(){var r,a,s,c;try{a=this,r=i(arguments),s="function"==typeof n?n(r,a):n||{}}catch(f){p([f,"",[r,a,o],s])}u(e+"start",[r,a,o],s);try{return c=t.apply(a,r)}catch(d){throw u(e+"err",[r,a,d],s),d}finally{u(e+"end",[r,a,c],s)}}return r(t)?t:(e||(e=""),nrWrapper[a]=t,d(t,nrWrapper),nrWrapper)}function f(t,e,o,i){o||(o="");var a,s,c,f="-"===o.charAt(0);for(c=0;c<e.length;c++)s=e[c],a=t[s],r(a)||(t[s]=n(a,f?s+o:o,i,s))}function u(n,r,o){if(!c||e){var i=c;c=!0;try{t.emit(n,r,o,e)}catch(a){p([a,n,r,o])}c=i}}function d(t,e){if(Object.defineProperty&&Object.keys)try{var n=Object.keys(t);return n.forEach(function(n){Object.defineProperty(e,n,{get:function(){return t[n]},set:function(e){return t[n]=e,e}})}),e}catch(r){p([r])}for(var o in t)s.call(t,o)&&(e[o]=t[o]);return e}function p(e){try{t.emit("internal-error",e)}catch(n){}}return t||(t=o),n.inPlace=f,n.flag=a,n}},{}]},{},["loader",2,16,5,3,4]);</script>
            <meta name="description" content="Get homework help fast! Search through millions of guided step-by-step solutions or ask for help from our community of subject experts 24/7. Try Chegg Study today!" />
            <meta name="apple-itunes-app" content="" />
        <meta name="viewport" content="width=1024, maximum-scale=1" />

                    <script type="text/javascript">var CheggUserUuid = "";</script>
                    <script src="//assets.adobedtm.com/e157c7ff34e2d6bd3c151937f4c67f693db0150f/satelliteLib-c1031098c10bfbe330181ddd96ac8850d00f040d.js"></script>
            
    
    
    

    
    
    
                        <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="//c.cheggcdn.com/_r/7486843975f687e5354bd0503727d714.css" media="all" data-scope="global" />
                            <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="//c.cheggcdn.com/_r/edbfe899b75d5c01240432f16ac0577b.css" media="all" data-scope="content" />
                                    <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.chegg.com/study">
                <!--[if lt IE 9]>
        <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://c.cheggcdn.com/s/_css/_global/ie.css" />
        <![endif]-->
    
    
        
    
</head>
<body class=" desktop    dedicated-nav oc-nav   chegg-css"  >
        <oc-component href="//registry.chegg.com/c-landingpage/2.1.2" data-hash="32e15203e291d295555443935e26742740d27064" data-name="c-landingpage" data-rendered="true" data-version="2.1.2"><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="//components.cheggcdn.com/components/c-landingpage/2.1.2/dist/css/styles.css">
<script>
	window.oc = window.oc || {};
	oc.cmd = oc.cmd || [];
	oc.cmd.push(function(oc){

		var oldUnderscore = window._;
		var oldBackbone = window.Backbone;

		var initComponent = function initComponent(){
			if (window.Eggshell
				&& window.cheggJQuery
				&& window.cheggUnderscore
				&& window.cheggBackbone
				&& window.LandingPageFramework_Define){

				// If LandingPage was initialized
				if (window.landingpage) {
					return true;
				}

				// Define component
				window.LandingPageFramework_Define(
					window.cheggJQuery,
					window.cheggJQuery,
					window.cheggUnderscore,
					window.cheggBackbone,
					window.Eggshell
				);

				// Init component
				var component = Eggshell.create('C.landingpage', {});
				oc.events.fire('LandingPageFramework_Init', {
					type: 'LandingPage',
					component: component
				});
				window.landingpage = component;

				return true;
			}
			else return false;
		}

		// Versions of libs
		if (window.jQuery && (jQuery.fn.jquery === '1.7.1')){
			window.cheggJQuery = jQuery;
		}
		if (window._ && (_.VERSION === '1.4.3')){
			window.cheggUnderscore = _;
		}
		if (window.Backbone && (Backbone.VERSION === '1.0.0')){
			window.cheggBackbone = Backbone;
		}

		// Load dependencies
		if (!initComponent()){
			if (!window.Eggshell){
				oc.require('Eggshell','//assets.cheggcdn.com/libraries/eggshell-min.js', initComponent);
			}
			if (!window.cheggJQuery){
				oc.require('cheggJQuery','//assets.cheggcdn.com/libraries/jquery-1.7.1-ns.js', initComponent);
			}
			if (!window.cheggUnderscore){
				oc.require('cheggUnderscore','//assets.cheggcdn.com/libraries/underscore.js', function(){
					window.cheggUnderscore = _.noConflict();
					window._ = oldUnderscore || window.cheggUnderscore;
					initComponent();
				});
			}
			if (!window.cheggBackbone){
				oc.require('cheggBackbone','//assets.cheggcdn.com/libraries/backbone.js', function(){
					window.cheggBackbone = Backbone.noConflict();
					window.Backbone = oldBackbone || window.cheggBackbone;
					initComponent();
				});
			}
			oc.require("//components.cheggcdn.com/components/c-landingpage/2.1.2/dist/js/component.js", initComponent);
		}
	});
</script><script>window.oc=window.oc||{};oc.renderedComponents=oc.renderedComponents||{};oc.renderedComponents["c-landingpage"]="2.1.2";</script></oc-component>
<div class="chg-body no-nav no-subnav  header-nav ">
    <div class="chg-root"></div>
    <div id="fb-root"></div>
                <div role="search">
                
                <oc-component href="//registry.chegg.com/chegg-search/1.6.9" data-hash="b2eb25c281c7ba1ff819b5c5b2ac0ca9b8c341e1" data-name="chegg-search" data-rendered="true" data-version="1.6.9"><script>
    window.oc = window.oc || {};
    oc.cmd = oc.cmd || [];
    oc.cmd.push(function(oc){
        var oldUnderscore = window._;
        var oldBackbone = window.Backbone;
        var isLoaded = false;
        
        // Versions of libs
        if (window.jQuery && (jQuery.fn.jquery === '1.7.1')){
            window.cheggJQuery = jQuery;
        }
        if (window._ && (_.VERSION === '1.4.3')){
            window.cheggUnderscore = _;
        }
        if (window.Backbone && (Backbone.VERSION === '1.0.0')){
            window.cheggBackbone = Backbone;
        }

        oc.requireSeries( [ {
            global: 'Eggshell',
            url: '//assets.cheggcdn.com/libraries/eggshell-minified.js'
        }, {
            global: 'cheggJQuery',
            url: '//assets.cheggcdn.com/libraries/jquery-1.7.1-ns.js'
        }, {
            global: 'cheggUnderscore',
            url: '//assets.cheggcdn.com/libraries/chegg-underscore-min.js'
        }, {
            global: 'cheggBackbone',
            url: '//assets.cheggcdn.com/libraries/chegg-backbone-min.js'
        }, {
            global: 'C',
            url: "//components.cheggcdn.com/components/chegg-search/1.6.9/dist/js/global.lite.pack.js"
        }, {
            url: "//components.cheggcdn.com/components/chegg-search/1.6.9/dist/js/component.js"
        }], initComponent );
        

        function initComponent(){
            if (!isLoaded 
                && window.Eggshell
                && window.cheggJQuery
                && window.cheggUnderscore
                && window.cheggBackbone
                && window.C
                && window.Chegg_Search_Define){

                isLoaded = true;
                // Define component
                window.Chegg_Search_Define(
                    window.cheggJQuery, 
                    window.cheggJQuery, 
                    window.cheggUnderscore,
                    window.cheggBackbone, 
                    window.Eggshell
                );

                var trackIdComponent = Eggshell.create('C.search.trackid');
                Eggshell.immuneToDestroyAll(trackIdComponent);
                
                var cev = window.cev || new Events();
                window.cev = window.cev || cev;
                window.cev.fireEvent('searchLoad:latched');
                oc.events.fire('searchLoaded');
            }
        }     
    });
</script>

<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="//components.cheggcdn.com/components/chegg-search/1.6.9/dist/css/component.css" media="all"/>

<script>window.oc=window.oc||{};oc.renderedComponents=oc.renderedComponents||{};oc.renderedComponents["chegg-search"]="1.6.9";</script></oc-component>
            </div>
            <div role="navigation">
                <oc-component href="//registry.chegg.com/chegg-header/2.38.7?type=study&translucent=0&noDistractions=0&hideSearch=1&noSearch=0&searchOnScroll=0&searchProfile=federated-chegg-study-auto&registry=%2F%2Fregistry.chegg.com%2F&searchRendered=1&staticBaseUrl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.chegg.com%2F&cheggBaseUrl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.chegg.com%2F&nonSticky=0&forceDesktop=1&loadedOnChegg=1&hideMobileTutors=1&kitKatSearch=0&hybridKitKat=0&heroSmall=0&doPractice=0&math=1&writing=1&practicePath=study%2Fpractice&studyPackNavLink=1&mobileOCSearch=1&mathSubjects=1&mathGraphing=1" data-hash="6b9cfc5d3d811951f04cc879dee21b594e2e302c" data-name="chegg-header" data-rendered="true" data-version="2.38.7"><script>
    window.oc = window.oc || {};
    oc.cmd = oc.cmd || [];
    oc.cmd.push(function(oc){
        var oldUnderscore = window._;
        var oldBackbone = window.Backbone;
        var isLoaded = false;

        // Versions of libs
        if (window.jQuery && (jQuery.fn.jquery === '1.7.1')){
            window.cheggJQuery = jQuery;
        }
        if (window._ && (_.VERSION === '1.4.3')){
            window.cheggUnderscore = _;
        }
        if (window.Backbone && (Backbone.VERSION === '1.0.0')){
            window.cheggBackbone = Backbone;
        }

        var globalPack = {
            url: "//components.cheggcdn.com/components/chegg-header/2.38.7/dist/js/global.lite.pack.js"
        };
        if ( !!true ) {
            globalPack.global = 'C';
        }

        oc.requireSeries( [ {
            global: 'Eggshell',
            url: '//assets.cheggcdn.com/libraries/eggshell-minified.js'
        }, {
            global: 'cheggJQuery',
            url: '//assets.cheggcdn.com/libraries/jquery-1.7.1-ns.js'
        }, {
            global: 'cheggUnderscore',
            url: '//assets.cheggcdn.com/libraries/chegg-underscore-min.js'
        }, {
            global: 'cheggBackbone',
            url: '//assets.cheggcdn.com/libraries/chegg-backbone-min.js'
        }, globalPack, {
            global: 'Chegg_Header_Define',
            url: "//components.cheggcdn.com/components/chegg-header/2.38.7/dist/js/component.js"
        }], initComponent );


        function initComponent(){
            if (!isLoaded
                && window.Eggshell
                && window.cheggJQuery
                && window.cheggUnderscore
                && window.cheggBackbone
                && window.C
                && window.Chegg_Header_Define){

                isLoaded = true;
                // Define component
                window.Chegg_Header_Define(
                    window.cheggJQuery,
                    window.cheggJQuery,
                    window.cheggUnderscore,
                    window.cheggBackbone,
                    window.Eggshell
                );

                C.global = C.global || {};
                if(!C.global.coversBaseUrl){
                    C('global.coversBaseUrl', "//cs.cheggcdn.com/");
                }
                if(!C.global.tutorsCdnUrl){
                    C('global.tutorsCdnUrl', "//d3uhujs20ekyp2.cloudfront.net/tutors/");
                }
                if(!C.global.cheggBaseUrl){
                    C('global.cheggBaseUrl', "https://www.chegg.com/");
                }
                if(!C.global.cheggSiteSecureUrl){
                    C('global.cheggSiteSecureUrl', "https:"+"//www.chegg.com/");
                }
                if(!C.global.cheggSiteUrl){
                    C('global.cheggSiteUrl', "http:"+"//www.chegg.com/");
                }
                if(!C.global.liveSiteUrl){
                    C('global.liveSiteUrl', "https://www.chegg.com/");
                }
                if((!C.global.userEmail && "") ||
                    (!C.global.userFirstName && "") ||
                      (!C.global.userLastName && "") ||
                        (!C.global.userAvatar && "")){
                    C('global.userEmail', "");
                    C('global.userFirstName', "");
                    C('global.userLastName', "");
                    C('global.userAvatar', "");
                    C('global.loggedIn', "false" === "true");
                }
                //Prevent call to get user if we already have the information
                if(!C.global.csrfToken || (C.global.userEmail && C.global.loggedIn)){
                    C.utility.updateCsrfToken(ready, C.global.cheggSiteSecureUrl);
                }else{
                    ready();
                }
            }
        }

        function ready(){
            var notification = false;
            var activeExperiments = C.utility.getActiveExperiments();
            /** 
             *  CSP Onboarding phase 2 params
            */
            var CSPOnboardingPhase2Params = {};
            try{
                CSPOnboardingPhase2Params = JSON.parse('{"showStudyPackButton":false,"showPreOnBoarding":false,"showAutoMaticPreOnboarding":false,"showAutoMaticMegaMenu":false,"showMegaMenu":false,"preOnBoardingStep":null,"cspIterationFrequency":null,"isResponsiveSearch":false}');
            }catch(error){
                console.error('CHEGG HEADER: Error in JSON.parse for CSPOnboardingPhase2Params for payload: ', payload, 'where error is: ', error);
            };
            
            if( !!C.global.userAvatar ) {
                var embed = Eggshell.create('C.global.tutors.embed').trigger('render');
                Eggshell.immuneToDestroyAll(embed);
                // No notifications is to be shown when show study Pack (CSP onboarding) is true
                if (!CSPOnboardingPhase2Params.showStudyPackButton) {
                    notification = true;
                }
            }

            var structureMenuItems = '{"home":{"name":"Chegg home","ariaLabel":"Product Links .  Chegg Home.","path":"","icon":"icon-chegg-home-c","combinedOnly":true,"searchProfile":"federated-auto","cssClass":"link-chegg-home"},"workshop":{"name":"Workshop","path":"workshop","icon":"icon-chegg-home-c","searchProfile":"federated-auto","noMenu":true,"onlyHamburger":true,"cssClass":"link-workshop"},"assessments":{"name":"Assessments","path":"assessments","icon":"icon-chegg-home-c","searchProfile":"federated-auto","noMenu":true,"onlyHamburger":true,"cssClass":"link-assessments"},"books":{"name":"Books","ariaLabel":"Chegg Books","path":"books","icon":"icon-chegg-books","searchProfile":"federated-auto","displayChildren":false,"expands":{"rent-buy":{"name":"Rent / Buy","path":"books","cssClass":"link-rent-buy"},"sell":{"name":"Sell","path":"sell-textbooks","cssClass":"link-sell"},"study":{"name":"Study","ariaLabel":"Chegg Study","path":"study","newVertical":true,"splitOnly":true,"displayChildren":false,"expands":{"tbs":{"name":"Textbook Solutions","path":"study/tbs","cssClass":"link-textbook-solutions"},"qa":{"name":"Expert Q&A","path":"study/qa","cssClass":"link-expert-qa"},"sp":{"name":"Study Pack","path":"study-pack","cssClass":"link-study-pack"},"learn":{"name":"Learn","path":"learn","cssClass":"link-learn"}},"cssClass":"link-study"}},"cssClass":"link-books"},"study":{"name":"Study","ariaLabel":"Chegg Study","path":"study","icon":"icon-chegg-study2","searchProfile":"federated-auto","displayChildren":true,"expands":{"tbs":{"name":"Textbook Solutions","path":"study/tbs","cssClass":"link-textbook-solutions"},"qa":{"name":"Expert Q&A","path":"study/qa","cssClass":"link-expert-qa"},"sp":{"name":"Study Pack","path":"study-pack","cssClass":"link-study-pack"},"learn":{"combinedOnly":true,"name":"Learn","path":"learn","cssClass":"link-learn"}},"cssClass":"link-study"},"writing":{"name":"Writing","ariaLabel":"Chegg Writing","path":"writing","icon":"icon-chegg-writing","searchProfile":"federated-auto","cssClass":"link-writing"},"flashcards":{"name":"Flashcards","ariaLabel":"Chegg Prep","icon":"icon-chegg-flashcards","path":"flashcards","searchProfile":"federated-auto","displayChildren":false,"expands":{"create":{"name":"Create","path":"flashcards/create-flashcards","cssClass":"link-create"},"my-flashcards":{"name":"My Flashcards","path":"flashcards/my-flashcards","cssClass":"link-my-flashcards"},"ap-study-guides":{"name":"AP Study Guides","path":"flashcards/ap-study-guides","newLabel":true,"cssClass":"link-ap-study-guides"}},"cssClass":"link-flashcards"},"mathsolver":{"name":"Math Solver","ariaLabel":"Chegg Math Solver","path":"math-solver","icon":"icon-chegg-math-solver","searchProfile":"federated-auto","displayChildren":false,"expands":{"mysolutions":{"name":"My Solutions","path":"math-solver/my-solutions","cssClass":"link-my-solutions"},"subjects":{"name":"Subjects","path":"math-solver/subjects","displayChildren":false,"expands":{"prealgebra":{"name":"Pre Algebra Solver","path":"math-solver/pre-algebra-calculator","cssClass":"link-pre-algebra-solver"},"algebra":{"name":"Algebra Solver","path":"math-solver/algebra-calculator","cssClass":"link-algebra-solver"},"precalculus":{"name":"Pre Calculus Solver","path":"math-solver/pre-calculus-calculator","cssClass":"link-pre-calculus-solver"},"calculus":{"name":"Calculus Solver","path":"math-solver/calculus-calculator","cssClass":"link-calculus-solver"},"linearalgebra":{"name":"Linear Algebra Solver","path":"math-solver/linear-algebra-calculator","cssClass":"link-linear-algebra-solver"}},"cssClass":"link-subjects"},"graphing":{"name":"Graphing","path":"math-solver/graphing-calculator","cssClass":"link-graphing"}},"cssClass":"link-math-solver"},"tutors":{"name":"Tutors","ariaLabel":"Chegg Tutors","path":"tutors/","icon":"icon-chegg-tutors-person","searchProfile":"federated-auto","splitOnly":true,"displayChildren":false,"types":{"tutors-loggedOut":{"how":{"name":"How it works","path":"tutors/how-it-works/"},"pricing":{"name":"Pricing","path":"tutors/pricing/"},"parents":{"name":"For parents","path":"tutors/parents/"},"become":{"name":"Become a tutor","path":"tutors/become-a-tutor/?from_header=1"}},"tutors-student":{},"tutors-tutor":{"dashboard":{"name":"Dashboard","path":"tutors/lessons/"},"myStudents":{"name":"My Students","path":"tutors/students/"},"opportunities":{"name":"Opportunities","path":"tutors/opportunities/"},"pastLessons":{"name":"Past Lessons","path":"tutors/archive/"},"subject_bonuses":{"name":"Subject Bonuses","path":"tutors/subject-bonuses/"}},"tutors-parent":{},"tutors-student-unconverted":{"how":{"name":"How It Works","path":"tutors/how-it-works/"},"pricing":{"name":"Pricing","path":"tutors/pricing/"}},"tutors-parent-unconverted":{"how":{"name":"How It Works","path":"tutors/how-it-works/"},"pricing":{"name":"Pricing","path":"tutors/pricing/"},"parents":{"name":"For Parents","path":"tutors/parents/"}}},"cssClass":"link-tutors"},"internships":{"name":"Internships","ariaLabel":"Chegg Internships","path":"internships/","icon":"icon-chegg-career","searchProfile":"federated-auto","displayChildren":false,"expands":{"jobs":{"name":"Internships & jobs","path":"internships/","cssClass":"link-internships-jobs"},"career-profiles":{"name":"Career profiles","path":"career-center/explore","cssClass":"link-career-profiles"},"advice":{"name":"Advice","path":"advice/career-center/","cssClass":"link-advice"}},"cssClass":"link-internships"},"moreitems":{"name":"More","ariaLabel":"More","path":"","displayChildren":false,"splitOnly":true,"expands":{"tutors":{"name":"Tutors","path":"tutors/","ariaLabel":"Chegg Tutors","cssClass":"link-tutors"},"internships":{"name":"Internships","path":"internships/","ariaLabel":"Chegg Internships","cssClass":"link-internships"}},"cssClass":"link-more"},"testprep":{"name":"Test Prep","ariaLabel":"Chegg Test Prep","path":"test-prep","icon":"icon-chegg-TestPrep","searchProfile":"federated-auto","displayChildren":false,"expands":{"act":{"name":"ACT","ariaLabel":"ACT","logoAltText":"ACT Prep","path":"test-prep/act","displayChildren":false,"expands":{"act":{"name":"Prep options","path":"test-prep/act","cssClass":"link-prep-options"},"act-tutor":{"name":"Tutors","path":"tutors/ACT-online-tutoring/","openInNewTab":true,"cssClass":"link-tutors"},"act-free":{"name":"Free resources","path":"test-prep/free-resources/act","cssClass":"link-free-resources"}},"cssClass":"link-act"},"sat":{"name":"SAT","ariaLabel":"SAT","logoAltText":"SAT Prep","path":"test-prep/sat","displayChildren":false,"expands":{"sat":{"name":"Prep options","path":"test-prep/sat","cssClass":"link-prep-options"},"sat-free":{"name":"Free resources","path":"test-prep/free-resources/sat","cssClass":"link-free-resources"}},"cssClass":"link-sat"},"gre":{"name":"GRE","ariaLabel":"GRE","logoAltText":"GRE Prep","path":"test-prep/gre","displayChildren":false,"expands":{"gre":{"name":"Prep options","path":"test-prep/gre","cssClass":"link-prep-options"},"gre-free":{"name":"Free resources","path":"test-prep/free-resources/gre","cssClass":"link-free-resources"}},"cssClass":"link-gre"},"gmat":{"name":"GMAT","ariaLabel":"GMAT","logoAltText":"GMAT Prep","path":"test-prep/gmat","displayChildren":false,"expands":{"gmat":{"name":"Prep options","path":"test-prep/gmat","cssClass":"link-prep-options"},"gmat-free":{"name":"Free resources","path":"test-prep/free-resources/gmat","cssClass":"link-free-resources"}},"cssClass":"link-gmat"},"more":{"name":"More tests &#9662","ariaLabel":"More Tests","splitOnly":true,"expands":{"mcat":{"name":"MCAT","ariaLabel":"MCAT","path":"test-prep/mcat","cssClass":"link-mcat"},"lsat":{"name":"LSAT","ariaLabel":"LSAT","path":"test-prep/lsat","cssClass":"link-lsat"},"nclex-rn":{"name":"NCLEX-RN","ariaLabel":"NCLEX-RN","path":"test-prep/nclex-rn","cssClass":"link-nclexrn"},"nclex-pn":{"name":"NCLEX-PN","ariaLabel":"NCLEX-PN","path":"test-prep/nclex-pn","cssClass":"link-nclexpn"},"ap":{"name":"AP","ariaLabel":"AP","path":"test-prep/ap","cssClass":"link-ap"},"asvab":{"name":"ASVAB","ariaLabel":"A S V A B","path":"test-prep/asvab","cssClass":"link-asvab"}},"cssClass":"link-more-tests-9662"},"mcat":{"name":"MCAT","ariaLabel":"MCAT","logoAltText":"MCAT Prep","path":"test-prep/mcat","combinedOnly":true,"displayChildren":false,"expands":{"mcat":{"name":"Prep options","path":"test-prep/mcat","cssClass":"link-prep-options"},"mcat-tutor":{"name":"Tutors","path":"tutors/MCAT-online-tutoring/","openInNewTab":true,"cssClass":"link-tutors"},"mcat-free":{"name":"Free resources","path":"test-prep/free-resources/mcat","cssClass":"link-free-resources"}},"cssClass":"link-mcat"},"lsat":{"name":"LSAT","ariaLabel":"LSAT","logoAltText":"LSAT Prep","path":"test-prep/lsat","combinedOnly":true,"displayChildren":false,"expands":{"lsat":{"name":"Prep options","path":"test-prep/lsat","cssClass":"link-prep-options"},"lsat-tutor":{"name":"Tutors","path":"tutors/LSAT-online-tutoring/","openInNewTab":true,"cssClass":"link-tutors"},"lsat-free":{"name":"Free resources","path":"test-prep/free-resources/lsat/free-practice-test","cssClass":"link-free-resources"}},"cssClass":"link-lsat"},"nclex-rn":{"name":"NCLEX-RN","ariaLabel":"NCLEX-RN","logoAltText":"NCLEX-RN Prep","path":"test-prep/nclex-rn","combinedOnly":true,"displayChildren":false,"expands":{"nclex-rn":{"name":"Prep options","path":"test-prep/nclex-rn","cssClass":"link-prep-options"},"nclex-rn-tutor":{"name":"Tutors","path":"tutors/NCLEX-RN-online-tutoring/","openInNewTab":true,"cssClass":"link-tutors"}},"cssClass":"link-nclexrn"},"nclex-pn":{"name":"NCLEX-PN","ariaLabel":"NCLEX-PN","logoAltText":"NCLEX-PN Prep","path":"test-prep/nclex-pn","combinedOnly":true,"displayChildren":false,"expands":{"nclex-pn":{"name":"Prep options","path":"test-prep/nclex-pn","cssClass":"link-prep-options"},"nclex-pn-tutor":{"name":"Tutors","path":"tutors/NCLEX-PN-online-tutoring/","openInNewTab":true,"cssClass":"link-tutors"}},"cssClass":"link-nclexpn"},"ap":{"name":"AP","ariaLabel":"AP","logoAltText":"AP Exam Prep","path":"test-prep/ap","combinedOnly":true,"displayChildren":false,"expands":{"ap":{"name":"Prep options","path":"test-prep/ap","cssClass":"link-prep-options"},"ap-tutor":{"name":"Tutors","path":"tutors/AP-online-tutoring/","openInNewTab":true,"cssClass":"link-tutors"}},"cssClass":"link-ap"},"asvab":{"name":"ASVAB","ariaLabel":"A S V A B","logoAltText":"ASVAB Prep","path":"test-prep/asvab","combinedOnly":true,"displayChildren":false,"expands":{"asvab":{"name":"Prep options","path":"test-prep/asvab","cssClass":"link-prep-options"},"asvab-tutor":{"name":"Tutors","path":"tutors/ASVAB-online-tutoring/","openInNewTab":true,"cssClass":"link-tutors"}},"cssClass":"link-asvab"}},"onlyHamburger":true,"cssClass":"link-test-prep"},"scholarships":{"name":"Scholarships","ariaLabel":"Chegg Scholarships","path":"scholarships","icon":"icon-chegg-colleges2","searchProfile":"federated-auto","displayChildren":false,"expands":{"scholarships":{"name":"Scholarships","path":"scholarships","cssClass":"link-scholarships"},"explore":{"name":"Explore colleges","path":"schools","cssClass":"link-explore-colleges"},"my-list":{"name":"My college list","path":"admissions/college-list","cssClass":"link-my-college-list"}},"onlyHamburger":true,"cssClass":"link-scholarships"}}';
            var type = decodeURI('study');
            var userType = decodeURI('false');
            var searchProfile = decodeURI('federated-chegg-study-auto');
            var noConstellation = decodeURI('') === '1';
            var noSearch = decodeURI('false') === 'true';
            var searchOnScroll = decodeURI('') === 'hidden ';
            var userMenuItems = JSON.parse('{}');
            var settings = JSON.parse('{"globalNav":false,"hideDistractions":"","type":"study","userType":false,"subtype":"","year":2020,"renderDesktop":true,"renderMobile":false,"regSource":""}');
            var signInSignUpNoRedirect =  decodeURI('false') === 'true';
            var signOutNoRedirect = decodeURI('false') === 'true';
            var studyPackNavLink = decodeURI('true') === 'true';

            window.globalChggHeader = Eggshell.create('C.global.cheggheader')
                .trigger('set type', type)
                .trigger('set userType', userType)
                .trigger('set no search', noSearch)
                .trigger('set search on scroll', searchOnScroll)
                .trigger('disable constellation', noConstellation)
                .trigger('set search type', searchProfile)
                .trigger('set structure menu items', structureMenuItems)
                .trigger('set user menu items', userMenuItems)
                .trigger('set menu settings', settings)
                .trigger('set notification', notification)
                .trigger('set_sign_in_sign_up_no_redirect', signInSignUpNoRedirect)
                .trigger('set_sign_out_no_redirect', signOutNoRedirect)
                .trigger('set_csp_onboarding_phase2_params', CSPOnboardingPhase2Params)
                .trigger('set_study_pack_nav_link', studyPackNavLink)
                .trigger('render');

            Eggshell.immuneToDestroyAll(window.globalChggHeader);
            oc.events.fire('globalHeaderCreated');
        }

    });
</script>
<style data-on-chegg="1">
.system-message-enable .C-global-cheggheader-searchbox.expanded .chg-header-autosuggest,.system-message-enable .chgg-hdr-kitkat-content.hybrid.sticky{top:32px}.system-message-enable .chgg-hdr.non-sticky,.system-message-enable .chgg-hdr:not(.non-sticky){margin-top:32px}.oc-header{display:block!important}@font-face{font-family:Aspira;font-display:swap;src:local("Aspira"),local("Aspira Regular");src:url(//c.cheggcdn.com/f/eot/30B57C_60_0.eot);src:url(//c.cheggcdn.com/f/eot/30B57C_60_0.eot?#iefix) format("embedded-opentype"),url(//c.cheggcdn.com/f/woff2/30B57C_60_0.woff2) format("woff2"),url(//c.cheggcdn.com/f/woff/30B57C_60_0.woff) format("woff"),url(//c.cheggcdn.com/f/ttf/30B57C_60_0.ttf) format("truetype");font-weight:400;font-style:normal}@font-face{font-family:Aspira-Light;font-display:swap;src:local("Aspira"),local("Aspira Light");src:url(//c.cheggcdn.com/f/eot/30B57C_5B_0.eot);src:url(//c.cheggcdn.com/f/eot/30B57C_5B_0.eot?#iefix) format("embedded-opentype"),url(//c.cheggcdn.com/f/woff2/30B57C_5B_0.woff2) format("woff2"),url(//c.cheggcdn.com/f/woff/30B57C_5B_0.woff) format("woff"),url(//c.cheggcdn.com/f/ttf/30B57C_5B_0.ttf) format("truetype")}@font-face{font-family:Aspira-Medium;font-display:swap;src:local("Aspira"),local("Aspira Medium");src:url(//c.cheggcdn.com/f/eot/30B57C_5D_0.eot);src:url(//c.cheggcdn.com/f/eot/30B57C_5D_0.eot?#iefix) format("embedded-opentype"),url(//c.cheggcdn.com/f/woff2/30B57C_5D_0.woff2) format("woff2"),url(//c.cheggcdn.com/f/woff/30B57C_5D_0.woff) format("woff"),url(//c.cheggcdn.com/f/ttf/30B57C_5D_0.ttf) format("truetype")}@font-face{font-family:Aspira-Bold;font-display:swap;src:local("Aspira"),local("Aspira Bold");src:url(//c.cheggcdn.com/f/eot/30B57C_52_0.eot);src:url(//c.cheggcdn.com/f/eot/30B57C_52_0.eot?#iefix) format("embedded-opentype"),url(//c.cheggcdn.com/f/woff2/30B57C_52_0.woff2) format("woff2"),url(//c.cheggcdn.com/f/woff/30B57C_52_0.woff) format("woff"),url(//c.cheggcdn.com/f/ttf/30B57C_52_0.ttf) format("truetype")}@font-face{font-family:LunchBox;font-display:swap;src:local("LunchBox"),local("LunchBox Regular");src:url(//c.cheggcdn.com/f/eot/30DD6D_3_0.eot);src:url(//c.cheggcdn.com/f/eot/30DD6D_3_0.eot?#iefix) format("embedded-opentype"),url(//c.cheggcdn.com/f/woff2/30DD6D_3_0.woff2) format("woff2"),url(//c.cheggcdn.com/f/woff/30DD6D_3_0.woff) format("woff"),url(//c.cheggcdn.com/f/ttf/30DD6D_3_0.ttf) format("truetype");font-weight:400;font-style:normal}@font-face{font-family:LunchBox-Light;font-display:swap;src:local("LunchBox"),local("LunchBox Light");src:url(//c.cheggcdn.com/f/eot/30DD6D_1_0.eot);src:url(//c.cheggcdn.com/f/eot/30DD6D_1_0.eot?#iefix) format("embedded-opentype"),url(//c.cheggcdn.com/f/woff2/30DD6D_1_0.woff2) format("woff2"),url(//c.cheggcdn.com/f/woff/30DD6D_1_0.woff) format("woff"),url(//c.cheggcdn.com/f/ttf/30DD6D_1_0.ttf) format("truetype")}@font-face{font-family:LunchBox-Bold;font-display:swap;src:local("LunchBox"),local("LunchBox Bold");src:url(//c.cheggcdn.com/f/eot/30DD6D_2_0.eot);src:url(//c.cheggcdn.com/f/eot/30DD6D_2_0.eot?#iefix) format("embedded-opentype"),url(//c.cheggcdn.com/f/woff2/30DD6D_2_0.woff2) format("woff2"),url(//c.cheggcdn.com/f/woff/30DD6D_2_0.woff) format("woff"),url(//c.cheggcdn.com/f/ttf/30DD6D_2_0.ttf) format("truetype")}@font-face{font-family:Chegg-icon;font-display:swap;src:url(//c.cheggcdn.com/f/eot/CheggIcons.eot);src:url(//c.cheggcdn.com/f/eot/CheggIcons.eot?#iefix) format("embedded-opentype"),url(//c.cheggcdn.com/f/woff2/CheggIcons.woff2) format("woff2"),url(//c.cheggcdn.com/f/woff/CheggIcons.woff) format("woff"),url(//c.cheggcdn.com/f/ttf/CheggIcons.ttf) format("truetype"),url(//c.cheggcdn.com/f/svg/CheggIcons.svg?#Chegg) format("svg");font-weight:400;font-style:normal}@font-face{font-family:Aspira;font-display:swap;src:local("Aspira"),local("Aspira Light");src:url(//c.cheggcdn.com/f/eot/30B57C_5B_0.eot);src:url(//c.cheggcdn.com/f/eot/30B57C_5B_0.eot?#iefix) format("embedded-opentype"),url(//c.cheggcdn.com/f/woff2/30B57C_5B_0.woff2) format("woff2"),url(//c.cheggcdn.com/f/woff/30B57C_5B_0.woff) format("woff"),url(//c.cheggcdn.com/f/ttf/30B57C_5B_0.ttf) format("truetype");font-weight:100;font-style:normal}@font-face{font-family:Aspira;font-display:swap;src:local("Aspira"),local("Aspira Medium");src:url(//c.cheggcdn.com/f/eot/30B57C_5D_0.eot);src:url(//c.cheggcdn.com/f/eot/30B57C_5D_0.eot?#iefix) format("embedded-opentype"),url(//c.cheggcdn.com/f/woff2/30B57C_5D_0.woff2) format("woff2"),url(//c.cheggcdn.com/f/woff/30B57C_5D_0.woff) format("woff"),url(//c.cheggcdn.com/f/ttf/30B57C_5D_0.ttf) format("truetype");font-weight:500;font-style:normal}@font-face{font-family:Aspira;font-display:swap;src:local("Aspira"),local("Aspira Bold");src:url(//c.cheggcdn.com/f/eot/30B57C_52_0.eot);src:url(//c.cheggcdn.com/f/eot/30B57C_52_0.eot?#iefix) format("embedded-opentype"),url(//c.cheggcdn.com/f/woff2/30B57C_52_0.woff2) format("woff2"),url(//c.cheggcdn.com/f/woff/30B57C_52_0.woff) format("woff"),url(//c.cheggcdn.com/f/ttf/30B57C_52_0.ttf) format("truetype");font-weight:700;font-style:normal}@font-face{font-family:LunchBox;font-display:swap;src:local("LunchBox"),local("LunchBox Light");src:url(//c.cheggcdn.com/f/eot/30DD6D_1_0.eot);src:url(//c.cheggcdn.com/f/eot/30DD6D_1_0.eot?#iefix) format("embedded-opentype"),url(//c.cheggcdn.com/f/woff2/30DD6D_1_0.woff2) format("woff2"),url(//c.cheggcdn.com/f/woff/30DD6D_1_0.woff) format("woff"),url(//c.cheggcdn.com/f/ttf/30DD6D_1_0.ttf) format("truetype");font-weight:100;font-style:normal}@font-face{font-family:LunchBox;font-display:swap;src:local("LunchBox"),local("LunchBox Bold");src:url(//c.cheggcdn.com/f/eot/30DD6D_2_0.eot);src:url(//c.cheggcdn.com/f/eot/30DD6D_2_0.eot?#iefix) format("embedded-opentype"),url(//c.cheggcdn.com/f/woff2/30DD6D_2_0.woff2) format("woff2"),url(//c.cheggcdn.com/f/woff/30DD6D_2_0.woff) format("woff"),url(//c.cheggcdn.com/f/ttf/30DD6D_2_0.ttf) format("truetype");font-weight:700;font-style:normal}.focus--mouse{outline:0}.C-global-header-avatar{position:relative;display:block;overflow:hidden}.C-global-header-avatar a{display:block;width:100%;height:100%}.C-global-header-avatar img{width:100%;height:100%;vertical-align:top}.C-global-header-avatar.circle{overflow:hidden}.C-global-header-avatar.border{border:1px solid #ddd;-moz-box-sizing:border-box;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box;box-sizing:border-box}.C-global-header-avatar.xsmall{width:24px;height:24px}.C-global-header-avatar.xsmall.circle{-webkit-border-radius:12px;-moz-order-radius:12px;border-radius:12px}.C-global-header-avatar.small{width:40px;height:40px}.C-global-header-avatar.small.circle{-webkit-border-radius:20px;-moz-order-radius:20px;border-radius:20px}.C-global-header-avatar.medium{width:60px;height:60px}.C-global-header-avatar.medium.circle{-webkit-border-radius:30px;-moz-border-radius:30px;border-radius:30px}.C-global-header-avatar.large{height:90px;width:90px}.C-global-header-avatar.large.circle{-webkit-border-radius:85px;-moz-border-radius:85px;border-radius:85px}.C-global-header-avatar.xlarge{height:200px;width:200px}.C-global-header-avatar.xlarge.border{border:2px solid #CCC}.C-global-header-avatar.xlarge.circle{-webkit-border-radius:100px;-moz-border-radius:100px;border-radius:100px}.system-message-enable .chgg-hdr-overlay{margin-top:32px;position:fixed}.skip-navigation a{opacity:0;position:absolute!important;height:auto;z-index:102;left:-999px}.skip-navigation a:visited{color:#007C8A}.skip-navigation a:focus{left:auto;padding:2px 20px;opacity:100;background-color:#FFF;display:block}.chgg-hdr-overlay{background:rgba(0,0,0,.195);background:-webkit-linear-gradient(rgba(0,0,0,.6),rgba(0,0,0,0));background:-o-linear-gradient(rgba(0,0,0,.6),rgba(0,0,0,0));background:-moz-linear-gradient(rgba(0,0,0,.6),rgba(0,0,0,0));background:linear-gradient(rgba(0,0,0,.6),rgba(0,0,0,0));width:100%;height:63px;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;z-index:1}.chgg-hdr{height:60px;width:100%;position:relative;z-index:101;background:#FFF;border-bottom:4px solid #EB7100}.chgg-hdr:not(.non-sticky){top:0;left:0;position:fixed}.chgg-hdr.kit-kat-search{border:none}.chgg-hdr.translucent{background-color:transparent;-webkit-transition:background .3s ease-out;-moz-transition:background .3s ease-out;-o-transition:background .3s ease-out;transition:background .3s ease-out;border-bottom:none}.chgg-hdr.translucent .chgg-hdr-navigation .nav-item.highlight-item,.chgg-hdr.translucent .chgg-hdr-navigation .nav-item:hover,.chgg-hdr.translucent .chgg-hdr-right-section .nav-item.highlight-item,.chgg-hdr.translucent .chgg-hdr-right-section .nav-item:hover{background:0 0}.chgg-hdr.translucent .C-global-cheggheader-rightsection-usermenu .nav-item.more-item:before,.chgg-hdr.translucent .chgg-hdr-navigation .nav-item-pipe:before{background-color:#FFF}.chgg-hdr.translucent .C-global-cheggheader-rightsection-cart .chg-cart-count,.chgg-hdr.translucent .C-global-cheggheader-rightsection-cart .icon-chegg-cart{color:#FFF}.chgg-hdr.translucent .chgg-menu-icon.icon-chegg-cancel{color:#EB7100}.chgg-hdr.translucent .C-global-cheggheader-rightsection-usermenu .nav-item,.chgg-hdr.translucent .C-global-cheggheader-rightsection-usermenu .nav-item .header,.chgg-hdr.translucent .C-global-cheggheader-rightsection-usermenu .nav-item .header .icon-chegg-chevron,.chgg-hdr.translucent .chgg-hdr-navigation .nav-item .nav-item-header,.chgg-hdr.translucent .chgg-menu-icon,.chgg-hdr.translucent .nav-item,.chgg-hdr.translucent .nav-item-header{color:#FFF}.chgg-hdr.translucent .C-global-cheggheader-rightsection-usermenu .nav-item .header:hover,.chgg-hdr.translucent .C-global-cheggheader-rightsection-usermenu .nav-item .header:hover .icon-chegg-chevron,.chgg-hdr.translucent .C-global-cheggheader-rightsection-usermenu .nav-item:hover{color:#EB7100}.chgg-hdr.easeIn{-webkit-transition:background .3s ease-in;-moz-transition:background .3s ease-in;-o-transition:background .3s ease-in;transition:background .3s ease-in}.chgg-hdr.noConstellation .chgg-menu-container{display:none}.chgg-hdr.full-width-screen .chgg-hdr-content{max-width:100%}.chgg-hdr.wide-screen .chgg-hdr-content{max-width:1500px}.chgg-hdr .chgg-hdr-content{margin:0 auto;position:relative;max-width:1200px;padding:0 10px;z-index:200}.chgg-hdr .chgg-hdr-content .chgg-hdr-right-section-wrapper{display:inline;height:60px}.chgg-hdr a.chgg-logo{display:none;float:left;font-size:0;height:30px;width:100px;margin:17px 0 0 13px;color:transparent;text-decoration:none}.chgg-hdr a.chgg-logo:before{font-size:26px;color:#EB7100}.chgg-hdr a.chgg-logo.beta-label:after{content:"BETA";display:block;position:absolute;font-size:8px;color:#EB7100;top:31px;font-family:Aspira-Bold,Helvetica,Arial,Sans-serif}.chgg-hdr a.chgg-logo.home{width:100px}.chgg-hdr a.chgg-logo.books{width:162px}.chgg-hdr a.chgg-logo.study{width:158px}.chgg-hdr a.chgg-logo.tutors{width:166px}.chgg-hdr a.chgg-logo.mathsolver{width:238px}.chgg-hdr a.chgg-logo.mathsolver.beta-label{margin-right:10px}.chgg-hdr a.chgg-logo.mathsolver.beta-label:after{left:305px}.chgg-hdr a.chgg-logo.testprep{width:198px}.chgg-hdr a.chgg-logo.internships{width:220px}.chgg-hdr a.chgg-logo.writing{width:177px}.chgg-hdr a.chgg-logo.scholarships{overflow:hidden;width:236px}.chgg-hdr a.chgg-logo.act{width:268px}.chgg-hdr a.chgg-logo.sat{width:264px}.chgg-hdr a.chgg-logo.gre{width:270px}.chgg-hdr a.chgg-logo.gmat{width:294px}.chgg-hdr a.chgg-logo.mcat{width:290px}.chgg-hdr a.chgg-logo.lsat{width:276px}.chgg-hdr a.chgg-logo.nclex-pn,.chgg-hdr a.chgg-logo.nclex-rn{width:350px}.chgg-hdr a.chgg-logo.ap{width:252px}.chgg-hdr a.chgg-logo.asvab{width:302px}.chgg-hdr a.chgg-logo.flashcards{width:185px}.chgg-hdr a.chgg-logo.workshop{width:211px}.chgg-hdr a.chgg-logo.assessments{width:252px}.chgg-hdr .chgg-hdr-navigation{display:block;float:left;padding-right:10px}.chgg-hdr .chgg-hdr-search-container{height:60px;overflow:hidden}.chgg-hdr .chgg-hdr-search-container .chgg-hdr-search-box{height:60px;width:100%;float:right}.chgg-hdr .chgg-hdr-mobile-search-icon{display:none}.chgg-hdr .chgg-hdr-right-section{display:block;float:right;margin-left:10px;margin-right:10px;padding-top:4px}.chgg-hdr .chgg-hdr-right-section .C-global-cheggheader-rightsection [class*=C-global-cheggheader-rightsection-],.chgg-hdr .chgg-hdr-right-section .chgg-hdr-right-section-main,.chgg-hdr .chgg-hdr-right-section .custom-content{float:left}.chgg-hdr .chgg-hdr-right-section .custom-content{position:relative;top:-4px;left:0;height:60px}.chgg-hdr .chgg-hdr-right-section .nav-item{height:60px;line-height:60px;padding:2px 7px;display:inline-block;position:relative;cursor:pointer}.chgg-hdr .C-common-search-groupV1_6,.chgg-hdr .C-search-autosuggest{position:absolute;top:63px;z-index:1000}.chgg-hdr.type-act .chgg-logo.act,.chgg-hdr.type-ap .chgg-logo.ap,.chgg-hdr.type-assessments .chgg-logo.assessments,.chgg-hdr.type-asvab .chgg-logo.asvab,.chgg-hdr.type-books .chgg-logo.books,.chgg-hdr.type-flashcards .chgg-logo.flashcards,.chgg-hdr.type-gmat .chgg-logo.gmat,.chgg-hdr.type-gre .chgg-logo.gre,.chgg-hdr.type-home .chgg-logo.home,.chgg-hdr.type-internships .chgg-logo.internships,.chgg-hdr.type-lsat .chgg-logo.lsat,.chgg-hdr.type-mathsolver .chgg-logo.mathsolver,.chgg-hdr.type-mcat .chgg-logo.mcat,.chgg-hdr.type-nclex-pn .chgg-logo.nclex-pn,.chgg-hdr.type-nclex-rn .chgg-logo.nclex-rn,.chgg-hdr.type-sat .chgg-logo.sat,.chgg-hdr.type-scholarships .chgg-logo.scholarships,.chgg-hdr.type-study .chgg-logo.study,.chgg-hdr.type-testprep .chgg-logo.testprep,.chgg-hdr.type-tutors .chgg-logo.tutors,.chgg-hdr.type-workshop .chgg-logo.workshop,.chgg-hdr.type-writing .chgg-logo.writing{display:block}.combined-nav,.header-nav .chg-global-nav-css{display:none}.C-auth .chgg-hdr{border-bottom:4px solid #EB7100}.chg-container{padding-top:63px}.translucent-header+.chg-container{padding-top:0}.chg-container.non-sticky-nav{padding-top:0;margin-top:0}.transparent{opacity:0}@media screen and (max-width:979px){:not(.force-desktop).chgg-hdr .split-nav,:not(.force-desktop).chgg-hdr-overlay{display:none}:not(.force-desktop) .system-message-enable .chgg-hdr.non-sticky{margin-top:0}:not(.force-desktop) .Slider.active{position:fixed}:not(.force-desktop) .Slider.active .fs-dialog.privacy-dialog,:not(.force-desktop) .Slider.active .fs-dialog.tou-dialog{overflow:scroll}:not(.force-desktop).chgg-hdr{height:46px}:not(.force-desktop).chgg-hdr .combined-nav{display:block}:not(.force-desktop).chgg-hdr .chgg-hdr-navigation,:not(.force-desktop).chgg-hdr .chgg-hdr-search-box{display:none}:not(.force-desktop).chgg-hdr.translucent{background:#FFF;border-bottom:4px solid #EB7100}:not(.force-desktop).chgg-hdr.translucent .C-global-cheggheader-rightsection-cart .chg-cart-count,:not(.force-desktop).chgg-hdr.translucent .C-global-cheggheader-rightsection-cart .icon-chegg-cart{color:#333}:not(.force-desktop).chgg-hdr.translucent .C-global-cheggheader-rightsection-cart .chg-cart-area:hover .chg-cart-count,:not(.force-desktop).chgg-hdr.translucent .chgg-menu-icon.icon-chegg-cancel{color:#EB7100}:not(.force-desktop).chgg-hdr.translucent .C-global-cheggheader-rightsection-usermenu .nav-item,:not(.force-desktop).chgg-hdr.translucent .C-global-cheggheader-rightsection-usermenu .nav-item .header,:not(.force-desktop).chgg-hdr.translucent .C-global-cheggheader-rightsection-usermenu .nav-item .header .icon-chegg-chevron,:not(.force-desktop).chgg-hdr.translucent .chgg-menu-icon,:not(.force-desktop).chgg-hdr.translucent .nav-item,:not(.force-desktop).chgg-hdr.translucent .nav-item-header{color:#333}:not(.force-desktop).chgg-hdr.translucent .C-global-cheggheader-rightsection-usermenu .nav-item.more-item:before{background-color:#333}:not(.force-desktop).chgg-hdr .chgg-hdr-content{padding:0}:not(.force-desktop).chgg-hdr .chgg-logo{height:22px;font-size:0;margin-top:16px;margin-left:3px}:not(.force-desktop).chgg-hdr .chgg-logo:before{font-size:17px}:not(.force-desktop).chgg-hdr .chgg-logo.act{width:172px}:not(.force-desktop).chgg-hdr .chgg-logo.sat{width:169px}:not(.force-desktop).chgg-hdr .chgg-logo.gre{width:174px}:not(.force-desktop).chgg-hdr .chgg-logo.gmat{width:190px}:not(.force-desktop).chgg-hdr .chgg-logo.mcat{width:187px}:not(.force-desktop).chgg-hdr .chgg-logo.lsat{width:177px}:not(.force-desktop).chgg-hdr .chgg-logo.nclex-pn,:not(.force-desktop).chgg-hdr .chgg-logo.nclex-rn{width:225px}:not(.force-desktop).chgg-hdr .chgg-logo.ap{width:162px}:not(.force-desktop).chgg-hdr .chgg-logo.asvab{width:194px}:not(.force-desktop).chgg-hdr .chgg-logo.workshop{width:139px}:not(.force-desktop).chgg-hdr .chgg-logo.assessments{width:160px}:not(.force-desktop).chgg-hdr .chgg-hdr-right-section{margin:0 5px 0 0}:not(.force-desktop).chgg-hdr .chgg-hdr-right-section .nav-item{height:46px;line-height:46px}:not(.force-desktop).chgg-hdr .chgg-hdr-right-section .custom-content{top:0;height:46px}:not(.force-desktop).chgg-hdr .chgg-hdr-mobile-search-icon{display:block}:not(.force-desktop)+.chgg-hdr-kitkat-search-box{display:none}}a.chgg-logo.workshop{display:block;width:211px}a.chgg-logo.workshop:before{content:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<svg viewBox="0 0 519 64" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
    <g id="Chegg-Workshop-Logo" stroke="none" stroke-width="1" fill="none" fill-rule="evenodd">
        <g id="Chegg-Logo" fill="#EB7100" fill-rule="nonzero">
            <path d="M204.613,13.549 C201.538,13.549 198.938,15.914 198.938,18.988 C198.938,22.062 201.303,24.663 204.613,24.663 C207.688,24.663 210.288,22.298 210.288,19.224 C210.288,15.914 207.923,13.549 204.613,13.549 L204.613,13.549 Z M204.613,23.478 C202.248,23.478 200.358,21.588 200.358,18.988 C200.358,16.623 202.248,14.498 204.613,14.733 C206.978,14.733 208.868,16.862 208.868,19.223 C208.873,20.353 208.426,21.438 207.627,22.237 C206.828,23.036 205.743,23.483 204.613,23.478 L204.613,23.478 L204.613,23.478 Z M205.793,19.223 L205.793,19.223 C206.503,18.988 206.973,18.513 206.973,17.801 C206.965,17.363 206.796,16.942 206.498,16.621 C205.922,16.295 205.269,16.132 204.608,16.147 C203.663,16.147 202.953,16.147 202.479,16.382 L202.479,21.821 L203.659,21.821 L203.659,19.694 L204.369,19.694 C205.079,19.694 205.314,19.929 205.549,20.639 C205.784,21.349 205.784,21.819 206.024,22.061 L207.446,22.061 C207.446,21.826 207.211,21.587 206.971,20.639 C206.736,19.929 206.496,19.459 205.791,19.217 L205.791,19.217 L205.792,19.223 L205.793,19.223 Z M204.371,18.753 L203.661,18.753 L203.661,17.098 L204.371,17.098 C205.081,17.098 205.551,17.333 205.551,18.043 C205.786,18.517 205.076,18.753 204.371,18.753 L204.371,18.753 Z M34.389,31.043 C31.554,31.517 30.369,34.827 28.479,36.482 C26.35,38.611 22.334,38.611 19.73,37.192 C14.765,34.357 14.765,28.917 14.765,23.717 C14.765,19.227 16.655,14.497 20.675,12.607 C26.114,10.475 29.424,15.442 32.969,18.517 C36.279,19.697 40.769,19.939 43.608,17.572 C44.553,15.682 43.843,13.082 42.898,11.427 C41.476,8.117 37.933,4.574 34.859,3.388 C28.239,0.078 18.545,0.078 11.69,3.388 C6.49,5.988 2.47,11.427 1.051,16.863 C-1.314,26.318 0.106,36.958 7.436,43.817 C14.289,49.962 25.876,50.437 34.151,47.127 C39.351,44.527 44.081,39.088 44.316,33.178 C43.136,29.394 37.696,31.049 34.386,31.049 L34.39,31.045 L34.389,31.043 Z M79.073,16.623 C74.818,11.893 67.963,12.839 62.759,14.733 C57.794,13.311 60.63,6.694 58.504,3.148 C55.669,0.783 49.755,0.548 47.394,3.858 C46.214,14.497 47.159,26.082 46.684,36.957 C47.394,40.267 45.974,44.522 48.813,46.887 C51.648,48.067 55.433,47.832 58.268,46.413 C60.158,41.213 58.978,34.593 59.923,28.918 L62.052,25.134 C63.232,24.424 64.887,23.712 66.307,24.424 C71.272,27.024 69.382,33.409 69.617,38.373 C69.617,41.448 69.142,44.993 71.746,47.122 C74.111,47.832 76.711,47.832 79.311,47.357 C80.966,46.883 82.146,44.992 82.386,43.573 C81.911,34.118 84.515,23.714 79.076,16.619 L79.072,16.623 L79.073,16.623 Z M91.603,16.623 C85.928,20.878 84.038,27.733 84.983,34.827 C86.163,40.502 90.422,45.937 95.858,47.357 C103.658,49.247 113.588,49.012 118.553,41.682 C119.263,40.26 119.028,38.372 117.373,37.662 C113.118,35.533 109.098,38.372 105.553,39.791 C103.188,40.501 100.588,40.026 99.408,37.901 C98.698,36.479 99.408,34.591 100.83,34.117 C107.683,32.227 114.779,37.662 120.689,32.695 C122.818,28.205 120.454,23.71 118.324,20.165 C112.179,11.89 99.174,10.945 91.609,16.62 L91.609,16.62 L91.603,16.623 Z M106.73,25.608 C105.308,26.788 102.71,27.498 100.82,26.082 C99.398,25.608 99.398,23.953 99.875,23.007 C101.297,21.117 105.075,21.117 106.495,22.772 C106.73,23.717 107.44,24.662 106.73,25.607 L106.73,25.607 L106.73,25.607 L106.73,25.608 Z M158.033,15.204 C154.723,13.075 150.468,14.259 147.158,15.204 C141.719,13.314 133.444,11.42 128.718,16.384 C124.698,20.168 123.518,25.369 123.753,31.279 C123.753,34.824 124.933,38.373 127.298,40.976 C128.478,42.398 130.133,43.811 132.028,44.996 C135.573,47.596 140.303,45.706 144.322,45.231 C145.744,45.466 146.922,47.121 146.212,48.776 C145.267,50.905 143.137,51.851 141.012,51.376 C137.467,48.776 132.027,48.776 128.008,50.666 C127.773,51.846 127.298,53.031 128.008,54.211 C128.483,54.685 128.953,54.921 129.188,55.391 C135.573,60.356 145.263,59.646 152.357,57.52 C155.667,55.865 158.267,52.32 158.742,48.771 C159.687,38.841 159.687,28.202 159.217,17.801 L158.037,15.201 L158.033,15.202 L158.033,15.204 Z M143.854,35.537 C142.199,36.482 140.544,36.011 139.124,35.302 C137.702,33.647 136.524,31.992 136.759,29.392 C136.524,27.263 137.469,25.608 138.888,24.192 C140.543,22.77 143.378,22.77 145.033,24.427 C146.455,25.849 146.923,27.737 147.162,29.866 C146.687,31.995 145.74,34.356 143.852,35.541 L143.852,35.541 L143.852,35.541 L143.852,35.537 L143.854,35.537 Z M196.102,15.204 C192.792,13.075 188.537,14.259 185.227,15.204 C179.788,13.314 171.513,11.42 166.787,16.384 C162.767,20.168 161.587,25.369 161.822,31.279 C161.822,34.824 163.002,38.373 165.367,40.976 C166.547,42.398 168.202,43.811 170.097,44.996 C173.642,47.596 178.372,45.706 182.391,45.231 C183.813,45.466 184.991,47.121 184.281,48.776 C183.336,50.905 181.206,51.851 179.081,51.376 C175.536,48.776 170.096,48.776 166.077,50.666 C165.842,51.846 165.367,53.031 166.077,54.211 C166.552,54.685 167.022,54.921 167.257,55.391 C173.642,60.356 183.332,59.646 190.426,57.52 C193.736,55.865 196.336,52.32 196.811,48.771 C197.756,38.841 197.756,28.202 197.286,17.801 L196.106,15.201 L196.102,15.202 L196.102,15.204 Z M181.918,35.537 C180.263,36.482 178.608,36.011 177.188,35.302 C175.766,33.647 174.588,31.992 174.823,29.392 C174.588,27.263 175.533,25.608 176.952,24.192 C178.607,22.77 181.442,22.77 183.097,24.427 C184.519,25.849 184.987,27.737 185.226,29.866 C184.751,31.995 183.804,34.356 181.916,35.541 L181.916,35.541 L181.916,35.541 L181.916,35.537 L181.918,35.537 Z" id="svg-Chegg-logo"></path>
        </g>
        <path d="M214,2.17881005 L221.204572,2.17881005 L232.327777,39.5240216 L241.940676,8.43016227 L248.185998,8.43016227 L257.962173,39.6258352 L269.085379,2.17881005 L276.004216,2.17881005 L260.921558,49.3795737 L254.45173,49.3795737 L244.838832,19.07986 L235.38921,49.3795737 L228.939791,49.3795737 L214,2.17881005 Z M293.127785,50.0515431 C283.514886,50.0515431 276.147038,43.0060452 276.147038,32.8246898 C276.147038,22.602609 283.555705,15.5163856 293.250242,15.5163856 C302.863141,15.5163856 310.271808,22.4804327 310.271808,32.6821508 C310.271808,42.9245943 302.781503,50.0515431 293.127785,50.0515431 Z M293.127785,44.3296214 C299.066964,44.3296214 303.638704,39.5036589 303.638704,32.7228762 C303.638704,26.0031817 299.169012,21.2790328 293.209423,21.2790328 C287.249834,21.2790328 282.739323,25.982819 282.739323,32.7636017 C282.739323,39.5036589 287.188606,44.3296214 293.127785,44.3296214 Z M317.557989,49.3795737 L317.557989,16.1883551 L322.96652,16.1883551 L323.599216,21.3604836 L323.640035,21.3808463 C325.558533,17.3286669 328.313822,15.5163856 332.824333,15.5163856 C334.33464,15.5163856 335.865356,15.7200127 337.253206,16.0865415 L336.253138,22.0935412 C334.987745,21.7066497 333.783582,21.5030226 332.49778,21.5030226 C325.578942,21.5030226 324.048226,27.4285714 324.048226,34.290805 L324.048226,49.3795737 L317.557989,49.3795737 Z M350.437757,34.2093541 L348.682536,34.2093541 L348.682536,49.3795737 L342.171889,49.3795737 L342.171889,1.28285078 L348.682536,0 L348.682536,28.4670697 L350.417348,28.4670697 L361.663011,16.1883551 L369.765602,16.1883551 L356.029974,31.2160356 L370.969766,49.3795737 L362.887584,49.3795737 L350.437757,34.2093541 Z M375.888443,41.2955775 C378.704961,43.2911231 381.541889,44.5536112 385.11356,44.5536112 C388.277041,44.5536112 391.848712,43.5558384 391.848712,40.3181674 C391.848712,33.089405 374.071993,37.6302895 374.071993,25.4533885 C374.071993,18.7133312 379.500934,15.5163856 386.174857,15.5163856 C390.215948,15.5163856 394.114172,16.6974228 397.298062,19.0391346 L394.66523,23.376392 C392.39977,21.8695514 389.23629,20.912504 386.50141,20.912504 C383.562434,20.912504 380.439773,22.0120904 380.439773,25.0054088 C380.439773,32.1527203 398.31854,27.9172765 398.31854,40.0127267 C398.31854,46.9360484 392.460999,50.0515431 385.378884,50.0515431 C380.358135,50.0515431 376.888511,48.4836144 372.806601,45.4902959 L375.888443,41.2955775 Z M435.586358,49.3795737 L429.055302,49.3795737 L429.055302,30.3811645 C429.055302,25.1275851 426.544927,21.3604836 421.218034,21.3604836 C415.993189,21.3604836 411.890869,24.9850461 411.890869,30.2386255 L411.890869,49.3795737 L405.359813,49.3795737 L405.359813,1.28285078 L411.890869,0 L411.890869,20.4645243 C414.340016,17.1657652 418.523974,15.5163856 422.912027,15.5163856 C430.994209,15.5163856 435.586358,21.0754057 435.586358,29.2408527 L435.586358,49.3795737 Z M459.465504,50.0515431 C449.852606,50.0515431 442.484758,43.0060452 442.484758,32.8246898 C442.484758,22.602609 449.893425,15.5163856 459.587962,15.5163856 C469.20086,15.5163856 476.609527,22.4804327 476.609527,32.6821508 C476.609527,42.9245943 469.119222,50.0515431 459.465504,50.0515431 Z M459.465504,44.3296214 C465.404684,44.3296214 469.976423,39.5036589 469.976423,32.7228762 C469.976423,26.0031817 465.506731,21.2790328 459.547142,21.2790328 C453.587554,21.2790328 449.077043,25.982819 449.077043,32.7636017 C449.077043,39.5036589 453.526325,44.3296214 459.465504,44.3296214 Z M489.28383,16.1883551 L489.896116,21.1975819 C492.590177,17.4915686 496.855773,15.5163856 501.509151,15.5163856 C510.019934,15.5163856 517,22.0935412 517,32.6414254 C517,42.598791 510.775087,50.0515431 501.386693,50.0515431 C497.059869,50.0515431 492.89632,48.4632517 490.447174,45.0423163 L490.406355,45.0423163 L490.406355,62.7171492 L483.875298,64 L483.875298,16.1883551 L489.28383,16.1883551 Z M510.407715,32.7636017 C510.407715,25.4533885 505.917614,21.2586701 500.18253,21.2586701 C493.590245,21.2586701 490.222669,26.8584155 490.222669,32.8857779 C490.222669,39.5240216 494.28417,44.288896 500.345806,44.288896 C506.223757,44.288896 510.407715,39.7887369 510.407715,32.7636017 Z" id="svg-Workshop-Logo" fill="#EB7100" fill-rule="nonzero"></path>
    </g>
</svg>)}a.chgg-logo.assessments{display:block;width:252px}a.chgg-logo.assessments:before{content:url(https://assets.cheggcdn.com/assets/site/logos/CheggAssessments-Logo.svg)}.chgg-hdr a.chgg-logo.act,.chgg-hdr a.chgg-logo.act:before,.chgg-hdr a.chgg-logo.ap,.chgg-hdr a.chgg-logo.ap:before,.chgg-hdr a.chgg-logo.asvab,.chgg-hdr a.chgg-logo.asvab:before,.chgg-hdr a.chgg-logo.books,.chgg-hdr a.chgg-logo.books:before,.chgg-hdr a.chgg-logo.flashcards,.chgg-hdr a.chgg-logo.gmat,.chgg-hdr a.chgg-logo.gmat:before,.chgg-hdr a.chgg-logo.gre,.chgg-hdr a.chgg-logo.gre:before,.chgg-hdr a.chgg-logo.home,.chgg-hdr a.chgg-logo.internships,.chgg-hdr a.chgg-logo.internships:before,.chgg-hdr a.chgg-logo.lsat,.chgg-hdr a.chgg-logo.lsat:before,.chgg-hdr a.chgg-logo.mathsolver,.chgg-hdr a.chgg-logo.mathsolver:before,.chgg-hdr a.chgg-logo.mcat,.chgg-hdr a.chgg-logo.mcat:before,.chgg-hdr a.chgg-logo.nclex-pn,.chgg-hdr a.chgg-logo.nclex-pn:before,.chgg-hdr a.chgg-logo.nclex-rn,.chgg-hdr a.chgg-logo.nclex-rn:before,.chgg-hdr a.chgg-logo.sat,.chgg-hdr a.chgg-logo.sat:before,.chgg-hdr a.chgg-logo.scholarships,.chgg-hdr a.chgg-logo.scholarships:before,.chgg-hdr a.chgg-logo.study,.chgg-hdr a.chgg-logo.study:before,.chgg-hdr a.chgg-logo.testprep,.chgg-hdr a.chgg-logo.testprep:before,.chgg-hdr a.chgg-logo.tutors,.chgg-hdr a.chgg-logo.tutors:before,.chgg-hdr a.chgg-logo.writing,.chgg-hdr a.chgg-logo.writing:before,.icon-chegg-box:before,.icon-chegg-circle:before,.icon-chegg:before,.icon-cheggbooks-logo:before,.icon-cheggcolleges-logo:before,.icon-chegginternships-logo:before,.icon-cheggmathsolver-logo:before,.icon-cheggstudy-logo:before,.icon-cheggtestprep-act-logo:before,.icon-cheggtestprep-ap-logo:before,.icon-cheggtestprep-asvab-logo:before,.icon-cheggtestprep-gmat-logo:before,.icon-cheggtestprep-gre-logo:before,.icon-cheggtestprep-logo:before,.icon-cheggtestprep-lsat-logo:before,.icon-cheggtestprep-mcat-logo:before,.icon-cheggtestprep-nclexpn-logo:before,.icon-cheggtestprep-nclexrn-logo:before,.icon-cheggtestprep-sat-logo:before,.icon-cheggtutors-logo:before,.icon-cheggwriting-logo:before,[class*=" icon-chegg-"]:before,[class^=icon-chegg]:before{font-family:Chegg-icon!important;speak:none;font-style:normal;font-weight:400;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;line-height:1;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased;-moz-osx-font-smoothing:grayscale;content:"\61"}.icon-chegg-box,.icon-chegg-circle{position:relative;display:inline-block;width:60px;height:60px;color:#EB7100;font-size:48px;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box;-moz-box-sizing:border-box;box-sizing:border-box}.chgg-hdr-kitkat-content .chgg-hdr-kitkat-screenblocker,.chgg-hdr.kit-kat-search .chgg-hdr-mobile-search-icon{display:none}.icon-chegg-box:before,.icon-chegg-circle:before{position:absolute;text-align:center;width:100%;height:0;top:50%;margin-top:-24px}.icon-chegg-circle{width:96px;height:96px;border:2px solid #EB7100;-webkit-border-radius:50% 50%;border-radius:50%}.chgg-hdr a.chgg-logo.mathsolver:before,.icon-cheggmathsolver-logo:before{content:"\e932"}.chgg-hdr a.chgg-logo.writing:before,.icon-cheggwriting-logo:before{content:"\e933"}.chgg-hdr a.chgg-logo.home:before,.icon-chegg-logo:before{content:"\e900"}.chgg-hdr a.chgg-logo.books:before,.icon-cheggbooks-logo:before{content:"\e901"}.chgg-hdr a.chgg-logo.scholarships:before,.icon-cheggcolleges-logo:before{content:"\e903"}.chgg-hdr a.chgg-logo.internships:before,.icon-chegginternships-logo:before{content:"\e905"}.chgg-hdr a.chgg-logo.study:before,.icon-cheggstudy-logo:before{content:"\e907"}.chgg-hdr a.chgg-logo.testprep:before,.icon-cheggtestprep-logo:before{content:"\e909"}.chgg-hdr a.chgg-logo.tutors:before,.icon-cheggtutors-logo:before{content:"\e90b"}.chgg-hdr a.chgg-logo.act:before,.icon-cheggtestprep-act-logo:before{content:"\e91f"}.chgg-hdr a.chgg-logo.ap:before,.icon-cheggtestprep-ap-logo:before{content:"\e924"}.chgg-hdr a.chgg-logo.asvab:before,.icon-cheggtestprep-asvab-logo:before{content:"\e925"}.chgg-hdr a.chgg-logo.gmat:before,.icon-cheggtestprep-gmat-logo:before{content:"\e926"}.chgg-hdr a.chgg-logo.gre:before,.icon-cheggtestprep-gre-logo:before{content:"\e927"}.chgg-hdr a.chgg-logo.lsat:before,.icon-cheggtestprep-lsat-logo:before{content:"\e929"}.chgg-hdr a.chgg-logo.mcat:before,.icon-cheggtestprep-mcat-logo:before{content:"\e92a"}.chgg-hdr a.chgg-logo.nclex-pn:before,.icon-cheggtestprep-nclexpn-logo:before{content:"\e92d"}.chgg-hdr a.chgg-logo.nclex-rn:before,.icon-cheggtestprep-nclexrn-logo:before{content:"\e92b"}.chgg-hdr a.chgg-logo.sat:before,.icon-cheggtestprep-sat-logo:before{content:"\e92e"}.icon-chegg-home-c:before,.icon-chegg-home_c:before{content:"\e91d"}.icon-chegg-hamburger:before{content:"\e90d"}.icon-chegg-study2:before{content:"\e90e"}.icon-chegg-solutions_icon:before{content:"\e90f"}.icon-chegg-books:before{content:"\e910"}.icon-chegg-buyback:before{content:"\e911"}.icon-chegg-tutors-person:before{content:"\e912"}.icon-chegg-Profile:before{content:"\e913"}.icon-chegg-quickchat:before{content:"\e914"}.icon-chegg-QA:before{content:"\e915"}.C-global-cheggheader-rightsection-notifications .chg-hdr-notifications.embed-js#notifications-component #notifications-button #notifications-icon:before,.icon-chegg-notifications:before{content:"\e916"}.icon-chegg-quote:before{content:"\e917"}.icon-chegg-question:before{content:"\e918"}.icon-chegg-etb-courtesy:before{content:"\e919"}.icon-chegg-etb:before{content:"\e91a"}.icon-chegg-textbooks_solutions:before{content:"\e91b"}.icon-chegg-returnbook2:before{content:"\e91c"}.icon-chegg-satisfaction_guarantee:before{content:"\e91e"}.icon-chegg-career:before{content:"\e920"}.icon-icn-info-large:before{content:"\e921"}.icon-chegg-colleges2:before{content:"\e922"}.icon-chegg-flag:before{content:"\e923"}.icon-icn-error-large:before{content:"\e928"}.icon-icn-success-large:before{content:"\e92c"}.icon-chegg-support:before{content:"\e934"}.icon-chegg-undo:before{content:"\e935"}.icon-chegg-view:before{content:"\e936"}.icon-chegg-Deal:before{content:"\e937"}.icon-chegg-donate_tree:before{content:"\e938"}.icon-chegg-Camera:before{content:"\e939"}.icon-chegg-Creditcard:before{content:"\e93a"}.icon-chegg-envelope:before{content:"\e93b"}.icon-chegg-plus:before{content:"\e93c"}.icon-chegg-cancel:before{content:"\e93d"}.icon-chegg-Check:before{content:"\e93e"}.icon-chegg-chevron:before{content:"\e93f"}.icon-chegg-Colleges:before{content:"\e940"}.icon-chegg-open:before{content:"\e941"}.icon-chegg-Lock:before{content:"\e942"}.icon-chegg-edit:before{content:"\e943"}.icon-chegg-trash:before{content:"\e944"}.icon-chegg-search:before{content:"\e945"}.icon-chegg-TestPrep:before{content:"\e946"}.icon-chegg-cart:before{content:"\e947"}.icon-chegg-bookmark:before{content:"\e951"}.icon-chegg-link:before{content:"\e906"}.icon-chegg-share:before{content:"\e908"}.icon-chegg-facebook:before{content:"\e90a"}.icon-chegg-twitter:before{content:"\e950"}.icon-chegg-library:before{content:"\e90c"}.icon-chegg-all-matches:before{content:"\e902"}.icon-chegg-math-solver:before{content:"\e904"}.icon-chegg-writing:before{content:"\e92f"}.icon-chegg-receipt:before{content:"\e930"}.icon-chegg-overview:before{content:"\e931"}.icon-chegg-info:before{content:"\e949"}.icon-chegg-studypack:before{content:"\e948"}.icon-chegg-email-sent:before{content:"\e94a"}.chgg-hdr a.chgg-logo.flashcards:before,.icon-cheggprep-logo:before{content:"\e94b"}.icon-chegg-flashcards:before{content:"\e94c"}.chgg-hdr.kit-kat-search .chgg-hdr-right-section,.chgg-hdr.kit-kat-search .chgg-hdr-search-container{height:40px}.chgg-hdr-kitkat-content{z-index:100;background:0 0;margin:-1px auto 0;position:absolute;top:63px;width:100%}.chgg-hdr-kitkat-content.sticky{position:fixed;max-width:none;top:0;box-shadow:0 2px 4px rgba(155,155,155,.5)}.chgg-hdr-kitkat-content.sticky .chgg-hdr-kitkat-search-box #se-search-autosuggest{padding:8px 0}.chgg-hdr-kitkat-content.kit-kat-relative{position:relative}.chgg-hdr-kitkat-content.kit-kat-relative .chgg-hdr-kitkat-search-box{height:50px}.chgg-hdr-kitkat-content.expanded .chgg-hdr-kitkat-screenblocker{display:block;position:fixed;top:0;left:0;height:100vh;width:100vw;background:rgba(0,0,0,.8);z-index:-1}@media screen and (max-width:979px){.mobile:not(.force-desktop) .chgg-hdr-kitkat-content{top:46px;background:#fff;margin-top:0;height:55px}.mobile:not(.force-desktop) .chgg-hdr-kitkat-content.hybrid{display:none}.mobile:not(.force-desktop) .chgg-hdr-kitkat-content.kit-kat-relative{margin-top:0;top:0;position:relative}.mobile:not(.force-desktop) .chgg-hdr-kitkat-content.kit-kat-relative .chgg-hdr-kitkat-search-box{height:50px}}.system-message-enable .chgg-hdr-kitkat-content{top:95px}.chgg-hdr-kitkat-search-box{height:65px;width:100%;background:0 0}.chgg-hdr-kitkat-search-box form{max-width:824px;margin:0 12px}.chgg-hdr-kitkat-search-box .search-form-placeholder{position:relative}.chgg-hdr-kitkat-search-box .search-form-placeholder .search-input{width:100%;height:50px;background-color:#fff;box-sizing:border-box;font-family:Aspira,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:500;font-size:1rem;line-height:1rem;color:#222;-webkit-appearance:none;border-width:3px;border-style:solid;border-color:#ffb70d;border-image:initial;outline:0;padding:10px 130px 10px 16px;border-radius:4px}@media only screen and (max-width:599px) and (min-width:0px){.chgg-hdr-kitkat-search-box .search-form-placeholder .search-input{padding-right:70px}}.chgg-hdr-kitkat-search-box .search-form-placeholder button{font-family:Aspira,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:700;font-size:1.25rem;color:#fff;width:96px;height:40px;position:absolute;right:6px;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center;border-radius:4px;border-width:1px;border-style:solid;border-color:#fff;border-image:initial;background:#eb7100;text-decoration:none;padding:0;margin:4px 0;top:0}.chgg-hdr-kitkat-search-box .search-form-placeholder button .icon-chegg-search{display:none}@media only screen and (max-width:599px) and (min-width:0px){.chgg-hdr-kitkat-search-box .search-form-placeholder button{width:2.25rem;height:2.25rem;border-radius:20px;vertical-align:bottom;margin-top:.425rem;padding:0}.chgg-hdr-kitkat-search-box .search-form-placeholder button .icon-chegg-search{line-height:8px;display:block}.chgg-hdr-kitkat-search-box .search-form-placeholder button .icon-chegg-search+span{display:none}}.chgg-hdr-kitkat-search-box #se-search-autosuggest{width:100%;max-width:1200px;margin:0 auto}body.preventScroll{overflow:hidden}.chgg-menu-container{height:60px;width:44px;display:block;float:left}.chgg-menu-container .chgg-menu-icon{font-size:18px;width:21px;margin:18px auto 0;color:#333}.chgg-menu-container:hover:not(.disabled){cursor:pointer}.chgg-menu-container:hover:not(.disabled) .chgg-menu-icon{color:#EB7100}@media screen and (max-width:979px){.chgg-hdr:not(.force-desktop) .chgg-menu-container:hover .chgg-menu-icon{color:#333}}nav.chgg-menu{position:absolute;z-index:1001;left:4px;top:50px;width:250px;border:1px solid #DDD;border-radius:0 4px 4px;box-sizing:content-box}nav.chgg-menu.split-nav{background:#FFF}nav.chgg-menu ul{margin:0}nav.chgg-menu li{list-style-type:none;width:250px;height:48px;background-color:#FFF;line-height:48px}nav.chgg-menu li:first-of-type{border-top-right-radius:4px;padding-top:15px}nav.chgg-menu li:last-of-type{border-bottom-left-radius:4px;border-bottom-right-radius:4px;padding-bottom:15px}nav.chgg-menu .chgg-menu-image{font-size:24px;color:#333;width:55px;text-align:center;display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle}nav.chgg-menu span{color:#333;padding-left:5px;font-size:16px;font-family:Aspira-Medium,Helvetica,Arial,Sans-serif}.chgg-hdr.type-books nav.chgg-menu .chgg-menu-items a.books .chgg-menu-image,.chgg-hdr.type-flashcards nav.chgg-menu .chgg-menu-items a.flashcards .chgg-menu-image,.chgg-hdr.type-home nav.chgg-menu .chgg-menu-items a.home .chgg-menu-image,.chgg-hdr.type-internships nav.chgg-menu .chgg-menu-items a.internships .chgg-menu-image,.chgg-hdr.type-mathsolver nav.chgg-menu .chgg-menu-items a.mathsolver .chgg-menu-image,.chgg-hdr.type-scholarships nav.chgg-menu .chgg-menu-items a.scholarships .chgg-menu-image,.chgg-hdr.type-study nav.chgg-menu .chgg-menu-items a.study .chgg-menu-image,.chgg-hdr.type-testprep nav.chgg-menu .chgg-menu-items a.testprep .chgg-menu-image,.chgg-hdr.type-tutors nav.chgg-menu .chgg-menu-items a.tutors .chgg-menu-image,.chgg-hdr.type-writing nav.chgg-menu .chgg-menu-items a.writing .chgg-menu-image,nav.chgg-menu .chgg-menu-items a:hover .chgg-menu-image{color:#EB7100}nav.chgg-menu .chgg-menu-items a{display:table;height:48px;width:250px;text-decoration:none}.chgg-hdr.type-books nav.chgg-menu .chgg-menu-items a.books span,.chgg-hdr.type-flashcards nav.chgg-menu .chgg-menu-items a.flashcards span,.chgg-hdr.type-home nav.chgg-menu .chgg-menu-items a.home span,.chgg-hdr.type-internships nav.chgg-menu .chgg-menu-items a.internships span,.chgg-hdr.type-mathsolver nav.chgg-menu .chgg-menu-items a.mathsolver span,.chgg-hdr.type-scholarships nav.chgg-menu .chgg-menu-items a.scholarships span,.chgg-hdr.type-study nav.chgg-menu .chgg-menu-items a.study span,.chgg-hdr.type-testprep nav.chgg-menu .chgg-menu-items a.testprep span,.chgg-hdr.type-tutors nav.chgg-menu .chgg-menu-items a.tutors span,.chgg-hdr.type-writing nav.chgg-menu .chgg-menu-items a.writing span{font-weight:700}nav.chgg-menu .chgg-menu-items a:hover span{font-weight:700}@media screen and (min-width:979px){.chgg-hdr.type-books nav.chgg-menu .chgg-menu-items a.books:before,.chgg-hdr.type-flashcards nav.chgg-menu .chgg-menu-items a.flashcards:before,.chgg-hdr.type-home nav.chgg-menu .chgg-menu-items a.home:before,.chgg-hdr.type-internships nav.chgg-menu .chgg-menu-items a.internships:before,.chgg-hdr.type-mathsolver nav.chgg-menu .chgg-menu-items a.mathsolver:before,.chgg-hdr.type-scholarships nav.chgg-menu .chgg-menu-items a.scholarships:before,.chgg-hdr.type-study nav.chgg-menu .chgg-menu-items a.study:before,.chgg-hdr.type-testprep nav.chgg-menu .chgg-menu-items a.testprep:before,.chgg-hdr.type-tutors nav.chgg-menu .chgg-menu-items a.tutors:before,.chgg-hdr.type-writing nav.chgg-menu .chgg-menu-items a.writing:before,nav.chgg-menu .chgg-menu-items li:hover a:before{content:"";background-color:#EB7100;position:absolute;width:5px;height:22px;margin-top:10px;left:-1px}}nav.chgg-menu .carrot{top:-43px;margin-left:-1px;width:55px;height:42px;position:absolute;z-index:1001;display:block;background-color:#fff;border:1px solid #ddd;border-bottom:none;border-top-left-radius:4px;border-top-right-radius:4px}nav.chgg-menu .chgg-menu-icon{color:#EB7100;font-size:18px;width:18px;margin:12px auto 0}@media screen and (max-width:979px){.chgg-hdr:not(.force-desktop) .chgg-menu-container{height:46px;width:45px}.chgg-hdr:not(.force-desktop) .chgg-menu-container .chgg-menu-icon{font-size:15px;width:18px;margin:15px 0 0 15px}.chgg-hdr:not(.force-desktop) nav.chgg-menu{position:fixed;left:-277px;top:0;width:100%;height:100vh;background-color:transparent;border:none;border-radius:0}.chgg-hdr:not(.force-desktop) nav.chgg-menu .carrot{top:0;left:275px;height:50px;width:44px;border:none;border-radius:0 0 4px}.chgg-hdr:not(.force-desktop) nav.chgg-menu .carrot .chgg-menu-icon{font-size:20px;width:20px;margin-top:15px}.chgg-hdr:not(.force-desktop) nav.chgg-menu .chgg-menu-overlay{display:none;z-index:1;position:fixed;top:0;left:0;height:100vh;width:100vw;background-color:rgba(0,0,0,.3)}.chgg-hdr:not(.force-desktop) nav.chgg-menu .chgg-menu-content-container{z-index:2;position:absolute;width:inherit;height:100vh;overflow-y:scroll;overflow-x:hidden;background-color:transparent}.chgg-hdr:not(.force-desktop) nav.chgg-menu .chgg-menu-content-container::-webkit-scrollbar{width:0}.chgg-hdr:not(.force-desktop) nav.chgg-menu .chgg-menu-content-container .chgg-menu-content{position:relative;min-height:100vh;background-color:#FFF;width:275px}.chgg-hdr:not(.force-desktop) nav.chgg-menu ul.chgg-menu-items{z-index:3;position:relative;padding:6px 8px 0;border-bottom:1px solid #E5E5E5}.chgg-hdr:not(.force-desktop) nav.chgg-menu .chgg-menu-item-expands{float:right}.chgg-hdr:not(.force-desktop) nav.chgg-menu .chgg-menu-item-expands .chgg-menu-pipe{float:left;height:20px;width:1px;margin-top:10px;background-color:#DDD}.chgg-hdr:not(.force-desktop) nav.chgg-menu .chgg-menu-item-expands .chgg-menu-image{height:40px;width:30px;padding:1px 4px 0 0;color:#555;text-align:right}.chgg-hdr:not(.force-desktop) nav.chgg-menu .chgg-menu-item-expands .chgg-menu-image.icon-chegg-chevron{font-size:9px;float:right}.chgg-hdr:not(.force-desktop) nav.chgg-menu .chgg-menu-item-expands .chgg-menu-image:before{vertical-align:middle}.chgg-hdr:not(.force-desktop) nav.chgg-menu a.chgg-menu-item{display:block;height:40px;width:auto;overflow:hidden}.chgg-hdr:not(.force-desktop) nav.chgg-menu a.chgg-menu-item .chgg-menu-image{font-size:20px;width:35px;height:37px;padding-top:3px;text-align:left}.chgg-hdr:not(.force-desktop) nav.chgg-menu a.chgg-menu-item .chgg-menu-image.icon-chegg-home-c{padding-top:0}.chgg-hdr:not(.force-desktop) nav.chgg-menu a.chgg-menu-item span{font-size:15px;padding-left:0}.chgg-hdr:not(.force-desktop) nav.chgg-menu .chgg-menu-sub-item-container{display:none;margin:0 9px}.chgg-hdr:not(.force-desktop) nav.chgg-menu .chgg-menu-sub-item-container a.chgg-menu-sub-item{height:40px;width:208px;padding-left:48px;font-size:15px;font-family:Aspira-Medium,Helvetica,Arial,Sans-serif;color:#333;text-decoration:none}.chgg-hdr:not(.force-desktop) nav.chgg-menu .chgg-menu-sub-item-container a.chgg-menu-sub-item.highlight-item{color:#EB7100}.chgg-hdr:not(.force-desktop) nav.chgg-menu .chgg-sub-menu-sub-item-container{width:259px;position:relative;right:9px;background-color:#E5E5E5;display:none;bottom:28px;margin-bottom:-28px}.chgg-hdr:not(.force-desktop) nav.chgg-menu .show .chgg-sub-menu-sub-item-container,.chgg-hdr:not(.force-desktop) nav.chgg-menu li.expanded .chgg-menu-sub-item-container{display:block}.chgg-hdr:not(.force-desktop) nav.chgg-menu .chgg-sub-menu-sub-item-container a.chgg-sub-menu-sub-item{height:40px;width:208px;padding-left:66px;font-size:15px;font-family:Aspira-Medium,Helvetica,Arial,Sans-serif;color:#333;text-decoration:none}.chgg-hdr:not(.force-desktop) nav.chgg-menu .absolute{position:absolute}.chgg-hdr:not(.force-desktop) nav.chgg-menu .show{position:relative;height:100%}.chgg-hdr:not(.force-desktop) nav.chgg-menu .show .chgg-sub-menu-item-expands .icon-chegg-chevron{transform:rotate(180deg);position:relative;bottom:3px}.chgg-hdr:not(.force-desktop) nav.chgg-menu li{width:259px;height:initial;min-height:40px;line-height:40px}.chgg-hdr:not(.force-desktop) nav.chgg-menu li .chgg-menu-item-container{margin:0 9px;border-bottom:1px solid #E5E5E5}.chgg-hdr:not(.force-desktop) nav.chgg-menu li.expanded .chgg-menu-item-container,.chgg-hdr:not(.force-desktop) nav.chgg-menu li:last-of-type .chgg-menu-item-container{border-bottom:none}.chgg-hdr:not(.force-desktop) nav.chgg-menu li:first-of-type{border-top-right-radius:0;padding-top:0}.chgg-hdr:not(.force-desktop) nav.chgg-menu li:last-of-type{border-bottom-left-radius:0;border-bottom-right-radius:0;padding-bottom:0}.chgg-hdr:not(.force-desktop) nav.chgg-menu li.expanded{border-radius:4px;background-color:#EEE}.chgg-hdr:not(.force-desktop) nav.chgg-menu li.expanded .li-item-content{border-radius:4px;background-color:#EB7100}.chgg-hdr:not(.force-desktop) nav.chgg-menu li.expanded .chgg-menu-item-expands .chgg-menu-image{transform:rotate(180deg);text-align:left;height:39px;padding:2px 0 0 4px}.chgg-hdr:not(.force-desktop) nav.chgg-menu li.expanded a.chgg-menu-item span{color:#FFF;font-family:Aspira-Bold,Helvetica,Arial,Sans-serif}.chgg-hdr:not(.force-desktop) nav.chgg-menu li.expanded .chgg-menu-image{color:#FFF}.chgg-hdr:not(.force-desktop) nav.chgg-menu li.expanded .chevron-grey{color:#767676}.chgg-hdr:not(.force-desktop) nav.chgg-menu .chgg-sub-menu-item-expands{position:relative;bottom:41px;margin-bottom:-13px}.chgg-hdr:not(.force-desktop) nav.chgg-menu .chgg-sub-menu-item-expands .chgg-menu-image{font-size:9px;position:relative;left:201px}.chgg-hdr:not(.force-desktop) nav.chgg-menu .chgg-sub-menu-item-expands .chgg-menu-pipe{float:left;height:20px;width:1px;margin-top:10px;background-color:#DDD;left:206px;position:relative}.chgg-hdr:not(.force-desktop) nav.chgg-menu .chgg-menu-user-info{padding:15px 9px 160px}.chgg-hdr:not(.force-desktop) nav.chgg-menu .chgg-menu-footer{position:absolute;bottom:20px;width:100%;padding-bottom:90px}.chgg-hdr:not(.force-desktop) nav.chgg-menu .chgg-menu-footer p{text-align:center;font-family:Aspira,Helvetica,Arial,Sans-serif;color:#767676}.chgg-hdr:not(.force-desktop) nav.chgg-menu .chgg-menu-footer #chgg-copyright{font-size:12px;margin-bottom:10px}.chgg-hdr:not(.force-desktop) nav.chgg-menu .chgg-menu-footer span,.chgg-hdr:not(.force-desktop) nav.chgg-menu .chgg-menu-footer span a{font-family:Aspira,Helvetica,Arial,Sans-serif;font-size:14px;color:#767676}.chgg-hdr:not(.force-desktop) nav.chgg-menu .chgg-menu-footer .chgg-menu-footer-updated .updated.show_label:after{content:"Updated";display:inline-block;margin-left:5px;color:#D3332A}.chgg-hdr:not(.force-desktop) nav.chgg-menu .chgg-menu-footer .chgg-menu-footer-updated span{padding-left:0}.chgg-hdr:not(.force-desktop) nav.chgg-menu .chgg-menu-footer .chgg-menu-footer-updated span,.chgg-hdr:not(.force-desktop) nav.chgg-menu .chgg-menu-footer .chgg-menu-footer-updated span a{font-size:12px}}.chgg-hdr-navigation{-ms-touch-action:none;border-bottom:none;height:60px;line-height:0}.chgg-hdr-navigation .nav-item,.chgg-hdr-navigation .nav-item-pipe{float:left;cursor:pointer;position:relative;display:block;background-color:transparent;width:initial;margin:0 10px}.chgg-hdr-navigation .nav-item .nav-item-header,.chgg-hdr-navigation .nav-item-pipe .nav-item-header{cursor:pointer;text-decoration:none;display:block;height:42px;line-height:42px;padding-top:10px;font-family:Aspira-Bold,Helvetica,Arial,Sans-serif;font-size:16px;color:#333}@media screen and (max-width:1016px){.chgg-hdr-navigation .nav-item .nav-item-header,.chgg-hdr-navigation .nav-item-pipe .nav-item-header{font-family:Aspira-Bold,Helvetica,Arial,Sans-serif;font-size:14px;color:#333}}@media screen and (min-device-width:0px){.chgg-hdr-navigation .nav-item .nav-item-header:after,.chgg-hdr-navigation .nav-item-pipe .nav-item-header:after{display:block;position:absolute;left:0;bottom:4px;width:100%;height:0;background-color:#EB7100;content:"";transition:bottom .2s}}.chgg-hdr-navigation .nav-item .nav-item-header.new-label:before,.chgg-hdr-navigation .nav-item-pipe .nav-item-header.new-label:before{content:"NEW!";display:block;position:absolute;top:4px;right:-22px;font-size:8px;color:inherit}.chgg-hdr-navigation .nav-item .nav-item-header .nav-item-caret,.chgg-hdr-navigation .nav-item-pipe .nav-item-header .nav-item-caret{display:none}@media screen and (min-device-width:0px){.chgg-hdr-navigation .nav-item-pipe.loginRqd,.chgg-hdr-navigation .nav-item.loginRqd{display:none}.loggedIn .chgg-hdr-navigation .nav-item-pipe.loginRqd,.loggedIn .chgg-hdr-navigation .nav-item.loginRqd{display:block}}.chgg-hdr-navigation .nav-item-pipe.collapse-item,.chgg-hdr-navigation .nav-item.collapse-item{display:none}@media screen and (min-device-width:0px){.chgg-hdr-navigation .nav-item-pipe.highlight-item .nav-item-header:after,.chgg-hdr-navigation .nav-item-pipe:hover .nav-item-header:after,.chgg-hdr-navigation .nav-item.highlight-item .nav-item-header:after,.chgg-hdr-navigation .nav-item:hover .nav-item-header:after{display:block;height:5px;bottom:9px}}.chgg-hdr-navigation .nav-item-pipe.moreitems-item .nav-item-caret,.chgg-hdr-navigation .nav-item.moreitems-item .nav-item-caret{display:inline;font-size:8px}.chgg-hdr-navigation .nav-item-pipe.moreitems-item .links-section>a,.chgg-hdr-navigation .nav-item.moreitems-item .links-section>a{display:none}.chgg-hdr-navigation .nav-item-pipe{height:100%;width:1px;cursor:initial}.chgg-hdr-navigation .nav-item-pipe:before{content:"";background-color:#000;display:block;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;height:22px;width:1px;padding:0;margin:18px 0;overflow:hidden}.chgg-hdr-navigation .nav-items{height:60px;display:none}.chgg-hdr.type-books .chgg-hdr-navigation .nav-items.books,.chgg-hdr.type-flashcards .chgg-hdr-navigation .nav-items.flashcards,.chgg-hdr.type-home .chgg-hdr-navigation .nav-items.home,.chgg-hdr.type-internships .chgg-hdr-navigation .nav-items.internships,.chgg-hdr.type-mathsolver .chgg-hdr-navigation .nav-items.mathsolver,.chgg-hdr.type-scholarships .chgg-hdr-navigation .nav-items.scholarships,.chgg-hdr.type-study .chgg-hdr-navigation .nav-items.study,.chgg-hdr.type-testprep .chgg-hdr-navigation .nav-items.testprep,.chgg-hdr.type-tutors .chgg-hdr-navigation .nav-items.tutors,.chgg-hdr.type-writing .chgg-hdr-navigation .nav-items.writing{display:inline-block}.chgg-hdr-navigation .nav-hover-box{display:none;position:fixed;background-color:#FFF;border-radius:4px;border:1px solid #DDD;margin-left:-20px;cursor:auto;z-index:1000}.chgg-hdr-navigation .nav-hover-box-section{width:200px;float:left;z-index:19}.chgg-hdr-navigation .carrot{margin-left:10px;bottom:100%;left:8.4px;width:30px;height:15px;position:absolute;overflow:hidden}.chgg-hdr-navigation .carrot:before{content:'';position:absolute;bottom:-1px;left:0;width:13px;height:13px;border:1px solid #DDD;background-color:#FFF;transform:rotate(45deg);transform-origin:left bottom}.chgg-hdr-navigation .links-section{margin:10px 20px;text-align:left}.chgg-hdr-navigation .links-section a{padding:20px 0;display:none;font-family:Aspira-Medium,Helvetica,Arial,Sans-serif;font-size:16px;color:#333}.chgg-hdr-navigation .links-section a:first-of-type{border-top-right-radius:4px;border-top-left-radius:4px}.chgg-hdr-navigation .links-section a:last-of-type{border-bottom-left-radius:4px;border-bottom-right-radius:4px}.chgg-hdr-navigation .links-section a:not(.loginRqd),.loggedIn .chgg-hdr-navigation .links-section a{display:block}.chgg-hdr-navigation .links-section a.highlight-item{color:#EB7100}.chgg-hdr-navigation .links-section a:hover{font-weight:700;text-decoration:none}@media screen and (max-width:979px){.chgg-hdr:not(.force-desktop) .chgg-hdr-navigation{display:none}}.chgg-hdr .nav-items .moreitems-item,.chgg-hdr .split-nav .moreitems-wrapper{display:none}.C-global-cheggheader-searchbox{float:right;width:100%;padding:12px 0}.C-global-cheggheader-searchbox:not(.expanded) .chg-header-autosuggest{padding:0;width:100%;max-width:330px;height:36px;float:right;overflow:hidden}.C-global-cheggheader-searchbox:not(.expanded) .chg-header-autosuggest #header-autosuggest-input{border-radius:6px;height:36px;line-height:36px;white-space:nowrap;overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis;padding-right:25px}.C-global-cheggheader-searchbox:not(.expanded) .chg-header-autosuggest #header-autosuggest-input::-webkit-input-placeholder{height:36px;line-height:38px;font-family:Aspira-Bold,Helvetica,Arial,Sans-serif;font-size:13px;color:#767676}.C-global-cheggheader-searchbox:not(.expanded) .chg-header-autosuggest #header-autosuggest-input::-moz-placeholder{height:36px;line-height:34px;font-family:Aspira-Bold,Helvetica,Arial,Sans-serif;font-size:13px;color:#767676}.C-global-cheggheader-searchbox:not(.expanded) .chg-header-autosuggest #header-autosuggest-input:-ms-input-placeholder{height:36px;line-height:36px;font-family:Aspira-Bold,Helvetica,Arial,Sans-serif;font-size:13px;color:#767676}.C-global-cheggheader-searchbox:not(.expanded) .chg-header-autosuggest #header-autosuggest-input:-moz-placeholder{height:36px;line-height:34px;font-family:Aspira-Bold,Helvetica,Arial,Sans-serif;font-size:13px;color:#767676}.C-global-cheggheader-searchbox:not(.expanded) .chg-header-autosuggest .chg-search-form{width:100%;position:relative}.C-global-cheggheader-searchbox:not(.expanded) .chg-header-autosuggest a[data-type=button].autosuggest-search-btn{right:0;top:0;padding-top:6px;border:none;background-color:#EB7100;color:#FFF;font-size:22px;-moz-border-radius:0 6px 6px 0;-webkit-border-radius:0;border-radius:0 6px 6px 0;position:absolute;z-index:1;height:36px;width:36px;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center;cursor:pointer}.C-global-cheggheader-searchbox:not(.expanded) .chg-header-autosuggest a[data-type=button].autosuggest-search-btn .icn-magnify{display:none;text-indent:-9999px;float:right;position:relative;top:6px;left:-2px;margin:2px 6px;height:15px;width:15px;font-weight:700}.C-global-cheggheader-searchbox:not(.expanded) .chg-header-autosuggest .autosuggest-results-container .autosuggest-row.row{margin:0}.C-global-cheggheader-searchbox:not(.expanded) .chg-header-autosuggest .autosuggest-search-cancel{display:none!important}.C-global-cheggheader-searchbox input[type=text]::-webkit-input-placeholder{font-family:Aspira,Helvetica,Arial,Sans-serif;font-size:18px;color:#DDD;font-weight:400}.C-global-cheggheader-searchbox input[type=text]:-moz-placeholder{font-family:Aspira,Helvetica,Arial,Sans-serif;font-size:18px;color:#DDD;font-weight:400}.C-global-cheggheader-searchbox input[type=text]::-moz-placeholder{font-family:Aspira,Helvetica,Arial,Sans-serif;font-size:18px;color:#DDD;font-weight:400}.C-global-cheggheader-searchbox input[type=text]:-ms-input-placeholder{font-family:Aspira,Helvetica,Arial,Sans-serif;font-size:18px;color:#DDD;font-weight:400}.C-global-cheggheader-searchbox input[type=text]:focus::-webkit-input-placeholder{font-family:Aspira,Helvetica,Arial,Sans-serif;font-size:18px;color:#DDD;font-weight:400}.C-global-cheggheader-searchbox input[type=text]:focus:-moz-placeholder{font-family:Aspira,Helvetica,Arial,Sans-serif;font-size:18px;color:#DDD;font-weight:400}.C-global-cheggheader-searchbox input[type=text]:focus::-moz-placeholder{font-family:Aspira,Helvetica,Arial,Sans-serif;font-size:18px;color:#DDD;font-weight:400}.C-global-cheggheader-searchbox input[type=text]:focus:-ms-input-placeholder{font-family:Aspira,Helvetica,Arial,Sans-serif;font-size:18px;color:#DDD;font-weight:400}.C-global-cheggheader-searchbox .chg-header-autosuggest .chgg-logo,.C-global-cheggheader-searchbox .expanded-wrapper,.C-global-cheggheader-searchbox .search-close,.chgg-hdr.type-assessments .C-global-cheggheader-searchbox .chgg-logo.assessments,.chgg-hdr.type-books .C-global-cheggheader-searchbox .chgg-logo.books,.chgg-hdr.type-flashcards .C-global-cheggheader-searchbox .chgg-logo.flashcards,.chgg-hdr.type-home .C-global-cheggheader-searchbox .chgg-logo.home,.chgg-hdr.type-internships .C-global-cheggheader-searchbox .chgg-logo.internships,.chgg-hdr.type-mathsolver .C-global-cheggheader-searchbox .chgg-logo.mathsolver,.chgg-hdr.type-scholarships .C-global-cheggheader-searchbox .chgg-logo.scholarships,.chgg-hdr.type-study .C-global-cheggheader-searchbox .chgg-logo.study,.chgg-hdr.type-testprep .C-global-cheggheader-searchbox .chgg-logo.testprep,.chgg-hdr.type-tutors .C-global-cheggheader-searchbox .chgg-logo.tutors,.chgg-hdr.type-workshop .C-global-cheggheader-searchbox .chgg-logo.workshop,.chgg-hdr.type-writing .C-global-cheggheader-searchbox .chgg-logo.writing{display:none}.C-global-cheggheader-searchbox.animate .chg-header-autosuggest{max-width:1200px}.C-global-cheggheader-searchbox.animate .chg-header-autosuggest .chg-search-form{width:90%}.C-global-cheggheader-searchbox.expanded{width:100%;min-width:980px}.C-global-cheggheader-searchbox.expanded .chg-header-autosuggest{padding:0;overflow:visible;margin:0 auto;display:block;position:fixed;top:0;width:100%;min-width:980px;height:60px;background:#FFF;left:0;border-bottom:3px solid #EB7100}.C-global-cheggheader-searchbox.expanded .chg-header-autosuggest .chg-search-content{max-width:1200px;margin:8px auto 0;height:60px}.C-global-cheggheader-searchbox.expanded .chg-header-autosuggest .chgg-logo{margin-top:9px}.chgg-hdr.type-assessments .C-global-cheggheader-searchbox.expanded .chg-header-autosuggest .chgg-logo.assessments,.chgg-hdr.type-books .C-global-cheggheader-searchbox.expanded .chg-header-autosuggest .chgg-logo.books,.chgg-hdr.type-flashcards .C-global-cheggheader-searchbox.expanded .chg-header-autosuggest .chgg-logo.flashcards,.chgg-hdr.type-home .C-global-cheggheader-searchbox.expanded .chg-header-autosuggest .chgg-logo.home,.chgg-hdr.type-internships .C-global-cheggheader-searchbox.expanded .chg-header-autosuggest .chgg-logo.internships,.chgg-hdr.type-mathsolver .C-global-cheggheader-searchbox.expanded .chg-header-autosuggest .chgg-logo.mathsolver,.chgg-hdr.type-scholarships .C-global-cheggheader-searchbox.expanded .chg-header-autosuggest .chgg-logo.scholarships,.chgg-hdr.type-study .C-global-cheggheader-searchbox.expanded .chg-header-autosuggest .chgg-logo.study,.chgg-hdr.type-testprep .C-global-cheggheader-searchbox.expanded .chg-header-autosuggest .chgg-logo.testprep,.chgg-hdr.type-tutors .C-global-cheggheader-searchbox.expanded .chg-header-autosuggest .chgg-logo.tutors,.chgg-hdr.type-workshop .C-global-cheggheader-searchbox.expanded .chg-header-autosuggest .chgg-logo.workshop,.chgg-hdr.type-writing .C-global-cheggheader-searchbox.expanded .chg-header-autosuggest .chgg-logo.writing{display:block}@media screen and (max-width:1140px){.chgg-hdr.type-assessments .C-global-cheggheader-searchbox.expanded .chg-header-autosuggest .chgg-logo.assessments,.chgg-hdr.type-books .C-global-cheggheader-searchbox.expanded .chg-header-autosuggest .chgg-logo.books,.chgg-hdr.type-flashcards .C-global-cheggheader-searchbox.expanded .chg-header-autosuggest .chgg-logo.flashcards,.chgg-hdr.type-internships .C-global-cheggheader-searchbox.expanded .chg-header-autosuggest .chgg-logo.internships,.chgg-hdr.type-mathsolver .C-global-cheggheader-searchbox.expanded .chg-header-autosuggest .chgg-logo.mathsolver,.chgg-hdr.type-scholarships .C-global-cheggheader-searchbox.expanded .chg-header-autosuggest .chgg-logo.scholarships,.chgg-hdr.type-study .C-global-cheggheader-searchbox.expanded .chg-header-autosuggest .chgg-logo.study,.chgg-hdr.type-testprep .C-global-cheggheader-searchbox.expanded .chg-header-autosuggest .chgg-logo.testprep,.chgg-hdr.type-tutors .C-global-cheggheader-searchbox.expanded .chg-header-autosuggest .chgg-logo.tutors,.chgg-hdr.type-workshop .C-global-cheggheader-searchbox.expanded .chg-header-autosuggest .chgg-logo.workshop,.chgg-hdr.type-writing .C-global-cheggheader-searchbox.expanded .chg-header-autosuggest .chgg-logo.writing{display:none}.chgg-hdr .C-global-cheggheader-searchbox.expanded .chg-header-autosuggest .chgg-logo.home{display:block}}.C-global-cheggheader-searchbox.expanded .chg-header-autosuggest .search-close{display:block}.C-global-cheggheader-searchbox.expanded .chg-header-autosuggest .icon-chegg-cancel{font-size:26px;margin-right:20px}.C-global-cheggheader-searchbox.expanded .chg-header-autosuggest .icon-chegg-search{display:none}.C-global-cheggheader-searchbox.expanded .chg-header-autosuggest .C-common-search-result-category .icon-chegg-search{display:inline-block}.C-global-cheggheader-searchbox.expanded .chg-header-autosuggest .search-close{float:right;font-family:Aspira,Helvetica,Arial,Sans-serif;font-size:18px;color:#EB7100;font-weight:400;position:relative;margin-top:-35px}.C-global-cheggheader-searchbox.expanded .chg-header-autosuggest .search-close:hover{text-decoration:none}.C-global-cheggheader-searchbox.expanded .chg-header-autosuggest .chg-search-form{width:630px;height:44px;margin:0 auto;position:relative}.C-global-cheggheader-searchbox.expanded .chg-header-autosuggest .chg-search-form a[data-type=button].autosuggest-search-btn{display:block;width:80px;height:46px;border:1px solid #FFF;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center;background:#EB7100;margin-right:0;padding:0;top:-1px;right:0;border-radius:0 6px 6px 0;position:absolute;cursor:pointer}.C-global-cheggheader-searchbox.expanded .chg-header-autosuggest .chg-search-form a[data-type=button].autosuggest-search-btn .icn-magnify{text-indent:0;float:initial;background:0 0;line-height:46px;color:#FFF;position:initial;margin:0;top:0;left:0;height:46px;width:100%;font-weight:700}.C-global-cheggheader-searchbox.expanded .chg-header-autosuggest .chg-search-form a[data-type=button].autosuggest-search-btn:hover{text-decoration:none}.C-global-cheggheader-searchbox.expanded .chg-header-autosuggest .chg-search-form #header-autosuggest-input{border-radius:6px;border:2px solid #E5E5E5;height:44px;width:630px;padding-right:80px;padding-left:0;text-indent:15px}.C-global-cheggheader-searchbox.expanded .chg-header-autosuggest .chg-search-form #header-autosuggest-input:focus{outline:0;border-color:#E5E5E5}.C-global-cheggheader-searchbox.expanded .autosuggest-input-search-container{margin:0 auto;width:630px}.C-global-cheggheader-searchbox.expanded .overlay-wrapper{display:none}.C-global-cheggheader-searchbox .overlay-wrapper{display:block;position:relative}.C-global-cheggheader-searchbox .overlay-wrapper .hidden-overlay{display:block;position:absolute;cursor:pointer;top:-37px;left:0;width:100%;height:38px;margin:0;z-index:200}@media screen and (max-width:979px){.chgg-hdr:not(.force-desktop) .chgg-hdr-search-box{display:none}.chgg-hdr:not(.force-desktop) .chgg-hdr-mobile-search-icon{font-size:18px;color:#333;width:18px;text-align:right;float:right;padding:14px 5px 0;height:32px}.chgg-hdr:not(.force-desktop) .chgg-hdr-mobile-search-icon:hover{color:#EB7100;text-decoration:none}}.C-global-cheggheader-rightsection-cart{height:60px;font-weight:400}.C-global-cheggheader-rightsection-cart .chg-cart-area.nav-item,.C-global-cheggheader-rightsection-cart .hide-with-cart.nav-item{display:none}.C-global-cheggheader-rightsection-cart .chg-cart{display:inline-block;height:22px;width:23px;margin-top:14px;background-image:url(//c.cheggcdn.com/assets/site/icons/icn-nav-cart-n-v01.svg);background-size:contain;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-position:center}.translucent .C-global-cheggheader-rightsection-cart .chg-cart{background-image:url(//c.cheggcdn.com/assets/site/icons/icn-nav-cart-white-v01.svg)}.C-global-cheggheader-rightsection-cart .chg-cart-count{color:#333;display:block;position:absolute;left:4px;top:0;right:0;width:36px;text-align:center;line-height:1;margin-top:12px;font-size:11px}.C-global-cheggheader-rightsection-usermenu .nav-item,.C-global-cheggheader-rightsection-usermenu .nav-item .header{font-family:Aspira-Bold,Helvetica,Arial,Sans-serif;font-size:14px;text-decoration:none}.C-global-cheggheader-rightsection-cart div.cart-item .chg-cart-count{width:34px}.C-global-cheggheader-rightsection-cart a.chg-cart-area:hover{text-decoration:none}.C-global-cheggheader-rightsection-cart a.chg-cart-area:hover .chg-cart{background-image:url(//c.cheggcdn.com/assets/site/icons/icn-nav-cart-s-v01.svg)}.C-global-cheggheader-rightsection-cart a.chg-cart-area:hover .chg-cart-count{color:#EB7100}@media screen and (max-width:979px){.chgg-hdr:not(.force-desktop) .C-global-cheggheader-rightsection-cart{height:46px}.chgg-hdr:not(.force-desktop) .C-global-cheggheader-rightsection-cart .chg-cart{height:18px;width:22px;margin-top:10px}.chgg-hdr:not(.force-desktop) .C-global-cheggheader-rightsection-cart .chg-cart-count{left:initial;width:30px;margin-top:10px}.chgg-hdr:not(.force-desktop).translucent .C-global-cheggheader-rightsection-cart .chg-cart-area .chg-cart{background-image:url(//c.cheggcdn.com/assets/site/icons/icn-nav-cart-n-v01.svg)}.chgg-hdr:not(.force-desktop).translucent .C-global-cheggheader-rightsection-cart .chg-cart-area:hover .chg-cart{background-image:url(//c.cheggcdn.com/assets/site/icons/icn-nav-cart-s-v01.svg)}}.C-global-cheggheader-rightsection-usermenu{height:60px;margin-top:-4px}.C-global-cheggheader-rightsection-usermenu .arrow-down{position:relative;bottom:4px;margin-left:5px}.C-global-cheggheader-rightsection-usermenu .nav-item{color:#000;float:left}.C-global-cheggheader-rightsection-usermenu .nav-item:visited{color:#000}.C-global-cheggheader-rightsection-usermenu .nav-item.active .carrot,.C-global-cheggheader-rightsection-usermenu .nav-item.active .hover-box{display:block}.C-global-cheggheader-rightsection-usermenu .nav-item.active .header,.C-global-cheggheader-rightsection-usermenu .nav-item.active .header .icon-chegg-chevron,.C-global-cheggheader-rightsection-usermenu .nav-item:hover{color:#EB7100}.C-global-cheggheader-rightsection-usermenu .nav-item:hover:after{height:5px;bottom:10px}.C-global-cheggheader-rightsection-usermenu .nav-item .header{color:#000;padding:0}.C-global-cheggheader-rightsection-usermenu .nav-item .header .icon-chegg-chevron{font-size:8px;color:#000}.C-global-cheggheader-rightsection-usermenu .nav-item .header:hover,.C-global-cheggheader-rightsection-usermenu .nav-item .header:hover .icon-chegg-chevron{color:#EB7100}.C-global-cheggheader-rightsection-usermenu .nav-item .header:after{display:block;position:absolute;left:0;bottom:5px;width:100%;height:0;background-color:#EB7100;content:"";transition:bottom .2s}.C-global-cheggheader-rightsection-usermenu .nav-item .header .more-right-section-menu{padding-right:5px}.C-global-cheggheader-rightsection-usermenu .nav-item .hover-box{display:none;position:absolute;background-color:#FFF;border:1px solid #E5E5E5;border-radius:4px;width:200px;right:-10px;top:47px;left:auto;z-index:1000}.C-global-cheggheader-rightsection-usermenu .nav-item .hover-box ul{padding:5px;margin:0;list-style:none}.C-global-cheggheader-rightsection-usermenu .nav-item .hover-box ul li{list-style-type:none;background-color:#FFF;line-height:40px;overflow:hidden}.C-global-cheggheader-rightsection-usermenu .nav-item .hover-box ul li:first-of-type{border-top-right-radius:4px;border-top-left-radius:4px}.C-global-cheggheader-rightsection-usermenu .nav-item .hover-box ul li:last-of-type{border-bottom-left-radius:4px;border-bottom-right-radius:4px}.C-global-cheggheader-rightsection-usermenu .nav-item .hover-box ul li:hover a{font-weight:700}@media screen and (min-width:979px){.C-global-cheggheader-rightsection-usermenu .nav-item .hover-box ul li:hover a:before{content:"";background-color:#EB7100;position:absolute;width:5px;height:22px;margin-top:7px;left:-1px}}.C-global-cheggheader-rightsection-usermenu .nav-item .hover-box ul li a{display:block;padding-left:15px;font-family:Aspira,Helvetica,Arial,Sans-serif;font-size:14px;color:#333;text-decoration:none}.C-global-cheggheader-rightsection-usermenu .nav-item .hover-box ul li .hide-initially{display:none}.C-global-cheggheader-rightsection-usermenu .nav-item .carrot{display:none;top:28px;right:4px;margin-left:10px;width:0;height:0;position:absolute;border-color:transparent transparent #DDD;border-style:solid;border-width:10px;z-index:1001}.C-global-cheggheader-rightsection-usermenu .nav-item .carrot .carrot-inner{width:0;height:0;position:absolute;top:-8px;left:-9px;border-color:transparent transparent #FFF;border-style:solid;border-width:9px}.C-global-cheggheader-rightsection-usermenu .nav-item.more-item:before{content:"";background-color:#000;display:block;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;height:22px;width:1px;padding:0;margin:18px 0;overflow:hidden}.C-global-cheggheader-rightsection-usermenu .nav-item.user-item{margin-top:4px}.C-global-cheggheader-rightsection-usermenu .nav-item.user-item .carrot{border-color:transparent;top:34px;right:27px}.C-global-cheggheader-rightsection-usermenu .nav-item.user-item .carrot .carrot-inner{border-color:transparent transparent #555}.C-global-cheggheader-rightsection-usermenu .nav-item.user-item .header .avatar{margin-right:0;float:left;padding:14px 0}.C-global-cheggheader-rightsection-usermenu .nav-item.user-item .header .avatar .C-common-avatar.border{border:1px solid #fff}.C-global-cheggheader-rightsection-usermenu .nav-item.user-item .user-hover-content{width:300px;right:6px;left:auto;top:53px;z-index:1000}.C-global-cheggheader-rightsection-usermenu .nav-item.user-item .user-hover-content.hover-box{border:none}.C-global-cheggheader-rightsection-usermenu .nav-item.user-item .user-hover-content ul{border:2px solid #E5E5E5;border-top:none;border-bottom-left-radius:4px;border-bottom-right-radius:4px}.C-global-cheggheader-rightsection-usermenu .nav-item.user-item .user-hover-content .profile-link{width:300px;height:90px;cursor:pointer;position:absolute;z-index:1;visibility:hidden}.C-global-cheggheader-rightsection-usermenu .nav-item.user-item .user-hover-content .background-avatar{width:300px;height:90px;position:absolute}.C-global-cheggheader-rightsection-usermenu .nav-item.user-item .user-hover-content .background-avatar .img-container{width:300px;height:90px;position:absolute;overflow:hidden;border-top-left-radius:4px;border-top-right-radius:4px}.C-global-cheggheader-rightsection-usermenu .nav-item.user-item .user-hover-content .background-avatar .img-container:after{content:"";background-color:rgba(0,0,0,.5);width:100%;height:90px;position:absolute;top:0;left:0}.C-global-cheggheader-rightsection-usermenu .nav-item.user-item .user-hover-content .background-avatar img{width:300px;display:block;position:absolute;background-size:cover;-webkit-filter:blur(3px);-moz-filter:blur(3px);-o-filter:blur(3px);-ms-filter:blur(3px);filter:blur(3px);border-top-left-radius:4px;border-top-right-radius:4px}.C-global-cheggheader-rightsection-usermenu .nav-item.user-item .user-hover-content .profile-link:hover+.profile .email,.C-global-cheggheader-rightsection-usermenu .nav-item.user-item .user-hover-content .profile-link:hover+.profile .icon-chegg-chevron,.C-global-cheggheader-rightsection-usermenu .nav-item.user-item .user-hover-content .profile-link:hover+.profile .name,.C-global-cheggheader-rightsection-usermenu .nav-item.user-item .user-hover-content .profile-link:hover+.profile .vertical-dots{text-decoration:none;color:#EB7100}.C-global-cheggheader-rightsection-usermenu .nav-item.user-item .user-hover-content .profile{cursor:auto;background-color:#555;border-top-left-radius:4px;border-top-right-radius:4px}.C-global-cheggheader-rightsection-usermenu .nav-item.user-item .user-hover-content .profile .avatar{float:left;height:90px;width:90px;overflow:hidden}.C-global-cheggheader-rightsection-usermenu .nav-item.user-item .user-hover-content .profile .avatar .C-common-avatar,.C-global-cheggheader-rightsection-usermenu .nav-item.user-item .user-hover-content .profile .avatar .C-global-header-avatar{margin:15px auto}.C-global-cheggheader-rightsection-usermenu .nav-item.user-item .user-hover-content .profile .info{overflow:hidden;margin:0;height:90px;position:relative}.C-global-cheggheader-rightsection-usermenu .nav-item.user-item .user-hover-content .profile .info .email,.C-global-cheggheader-rightsection-usermenu .nav-item.user-item .user-hover-content .profile .info .my-profile,.C-global-cheggheader-rightsection-usermenu .nav-item.user-item .user-hover-content .profile .info .name{font-family:Aspira,Helvetica,Arial,Sans-serif;font-size:20px;color:#FFF;display:block;line-height:20px;white-space:nowrap;text-overflow:ellipsis;overflow:hidden}.C-global-cheggheader-rightsection-usermenu .nav-item.user-item .user-hover-content .profile .info .name{float:left;margin-top:30px;width:85%}.C-global-cheggheader-rightsection-usermenu .nav-item.user-item .user-hover-content .profile .info .email{font-family:Aspira,Helvetica,Arial,Sans-serif;font-size:11px;color:#CCC;float:left;width:85%}.C-global-cheggheader-rightsection-usermenu .nav-item.user-item .user-hover-content .profile .info .vertical-dots{-ms-transform:rotate(-90deg);-webkit-transform:rotate(-90deg);transform:rotate(-90deg);width:20px;float:right;position:absolute;right:10px;top:35px;font-size:20px;text-indent:-18px}.C-global-cheggheader-rightsection-usermenu .nav-item.user-item .user-hover-content .profile .info .vertical-dots:after{content:"..."}.C-global-cheggheader-rightsection-usermenu .my-account-v2.hover-box ul li .menu-item-container{display:block;width:100%}.C-global-cheggheader-rightsection-usermenu .my-account-v2.hover-box ul li .menu-item-container a{padding-left:10px}.C-global-cheggheader-rightsection-usermenu .custom-user-hover-content{width:100%;height:initial;line-height:initial;margin:0;padding:0;color:#333}@media screen and (max-width:1100px){.C-global-cheggheader-rightsection-usermenu .more-item:before,.C-global-cheggheader-rightsection-usermenu .more-right-section-menu,.C-global-cheggheader-rightsection-usermenu .signin-item{display:none!important}.C-global-cheggheader-rightsection-usermenu .nav-item .hover-box ul li .hide-initially{display:block}.C-global-cheggheader-rightsection-usermenu .more-item .avatar-placeholder{padding:0 10px;position:relative}.C-global-cheggheader-rightsection-usermenu .more-item .avatar-placeholder:before{content:"\e913";font-family:Chegg-icon!important;position:absolute;right:7px;font-size:24px;top:-24px}}@media screen and (max-width:979px){.chgg-hdr:not(.force-desktop) .C-global-cheggheader-rightsection-usermenu,.chgg-hdr:not(.force-desktop) .no-mobile{display:none}.chgg-hdr:not(.force-desktop) nav.chgg-menu .chgg-menu-user-info li{height:35px;min-height:35px;line-height:35px;font-family:Aspira-Medium,Helvetica,Arial,Sans-serif;font-size:15px}.chgg-hdr:not(.force-desktop) nav.chgg-menu .chgg-menu-user-info li a{display:block;padding-left:54px;color:#333}.chgg-hdr:not(.force-desktop) nav.chgg-menu .chgg-menu-user-info .profile-link{z-index:3;position:absolute;display:block;height:40px;width:259px;visibility:hidden}.chgg-hdr:not(.force-desktop) nav.chgg-menu .chgg-menu-user-info .profile{position:relative}.chgg-hdr:not(.force-desktop) nav.chgg-menu .chgg-menu-user-info .profile .mobile-track-user-avatar{float:left;height:40px;width:40px}.chgg-hdr:not(.force-desktop) nav.chgg-menu .chgg-menu-user-info .profile .info{height:40px;overflow:hidden;padding:6px 0 0 10px;font-family:Aspira,Helvetica,Arial,Sans-serif}.chgg-hdr:not(.force-desktop) nav.chgg-menu .chgg-menu-user-info .profile .info .name{font-size:16px;color:#333;text-decoration:none}.chgg-hdr:not(.force-desktop) nav.chgg-menu .chgg-menu-user-info .profile .info .email{font-size:12px;color:#767676}}.translucent .C-global-cheggheader-rightsection-notifications .chg-hdr-notifications.embed-js#notifications-component #notifications-button #notifications-icon{color:#FFF}.C-global-cheggheader-rightsection-notifications .chg-hdr-notifications.embed-js#notifications-component #notifications-button #notifications-icon{font-family:Chegg-icon!important;display:block;position:relative;background-image:none;width:initial;height:initial;font-size:20px;margin-top:5px;color:#333}.C-global-cheggheader-rightsection-notifications .chg-hdr-notifications.embed-js#notifications-component #notifications-button #notifications-icon:hover{text-decoration:none;color:#EB7100}.C-global-cheggheader-rightsection-notifications .chg-hdr-notifications.embed-js#notifications-component #notifications-button #notifications-badge{font-size:11px;top:18px;margin-left:-14px;color:#333}.translucent .C-global-cheggheader-rightsection-notifications .chg-hdr-notifications.embed-js#notifications-component #notifications-button #notifications-badge{color:#FFF}.C-global-cheggheader-rightsection-notifications .chg-hdr-notifications.embed-js#notifications-component #notifications-button #notifications-badge:hover,.C-global-cheggheader-rightsection-notifications .chg-hdr-notifications.embed-js#notifications-component #notifications-button:hover #notifications-badge,.C-global-cheggheader-rightsection-notifications .chg-hdr-notifications.embed-js#notifications-component .notifications-container.open #notifications-button #notifications-icon{color:#EB7100}.C-global-cheggheader-rightsection-notifications .chg-hdr-notifications.embed-js#notifications-component #notifications-button:hover #notifications-icon{text-decoration:none;color:#EB7100}.C-global-cheggheader-rightsection-notifications .chg-hdr-notifications.embed-js#notifications-component #notifications-menu{border:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none}.C-global-cheggheader-rightsection-notifications .chg-hdr-notifications.embed-js#notifications-component #notifications-menu:before{border-bottom:9px solid #555}.C-global-cheggheader-rightsection-notifications .chg-hdr-notifications.embed-js#notifications-component #notifications-menu h3{font-family:Aspira,Helvetica,Arial,Sans-serif;font-size:18px;color:#FFF;padding:10px 0 20px;text-align:center;border-bottom:none}.C-global-cheggheader-rightsection-notifications .chg-hdr-notifications.embed-js#notifications-component #notifications-menu .mark-all-as-read{font-family:Aspira,Helvetica,Arial,Sans-serif;font-size:12px;color:#CCC;top:initial;bottom:5px}.C-global-cheggheader-rightsection-notifications .chg-hdr-notifications.embed-js#notifications-component #notifications-menu .notifications-title-bar{background-color:#555;position:relative;border-top-left-radius:4px;border-top-right-radius:4px}.C-global-cheggheader-rightsection-notifications .chg-hdr-notifications.embed-js#notifications-component #notifications-menu #notifications-list{border:2px solid #E5E5E5;border-top:none;border-bottom-left-radius:4px;border-bottom-right-radius:4px}.C-global-cheggheader-rightsection-notifications .chg-hdr-notifications.embed-js#notifications-component #notifications-menu #notifications-list .notification-card{background-color:#FFF}.C-global-cheggheader-rightsection-notifications .chg-hdr-notifications.embed-js#notifications-component .notification-card.empty p{font-family:Aspira,Helvetica,Arial,Sans-serif;font-size:18px;color:#767676}@media screen and (max-width:979px){.chgg-hdr:not(.force-desktop) .C-global-cheggheader-rightsection-notifications .embed-js#notifications-component #notifications-button{margin-top:0;padding-top:5px}}.C-global-loading-inline{margin:-4px auto 0;width:50px;height:60px;background:url(//c.cheggcdn.com/assets/site/icons/loading-indicator_v02.gif) center no-repeat;background-size:contain}@media screen and (max-width:979px){.chgg-hdr:not(.force-desktop) .C-global-loading-inline{height:46px;width:35px}.studyPack-icon,.studyPack-onboarding-button{display:none!important}}.C-global-header-studyPackOnboarding{margin:12px 7px;float:left}.C-global-header-studyPackOnboarding .studyPack-onboarding-button{height:29px;width:auto}.C-global-header-studyPackOnboarding .studyPack-onboarding-button .study-pack-button-text{color:#222;font-family:Aspira;font-size:16px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:0}.translucent .C-global-header-studyPackOnboarding .studyPack-onboarding-button .study-pack-button-text{color:#FFF}.C-global-header-studyPackOnboarding .studyPack-onboarding-button:not(.studyPack-icon){padding:1px 7px;box-sizing:border-box;border:2px solid #767676;border-radius:4px;text-transform:none;background-color:#FFF}.C-global-header-studyPackOnboarding .studyPack-onboarding-button:not(.studyPack-icon):active{border:2px solid #EB7100;background-color:#FFF}.translucent .C-global-header-studyPackOnboarding .studyPack-onboarding-button:not(.studyPack-icon){border:2px solid #999;background-color:transparent}.translucent .C-global-header-studyPackOnboarding .studyPack-onboarding-button:not(.studyPack-icon):active{border:2px solid #EB7100;background-color:transparent}.C-global-header-studyPackOnboarding .studyPack-onboarding-button:not(.studyPack-icon).sp-button-active{border:2px solid #EB7100}.C-global-header-studyPackOnboarding .studyPack-onboarding-button.studyPack-icon{padding:4px 3px;cursor:pointer;height:23px;filter:brightness(0)}.translucent .C-global-header-studyPackOnboarding .studyPack-onboarding-button.studyPack-icon{filter:brightness(0) invert(1)}.C-global-header-studyPackOnboarding .studyPack-onboarding-button.studyPack-icon.sp-button-active,.C-global-header-studyPackOnboarding .studyPack-onboarding-button.studyPack-icon:active,.translucent .C-global-header-studyPackOnboarding .studyPack-onboarding-button.studyPack-icon:active{filter:none}.C-global-onboarding-sliderTooltip{display:none}.C-global-onboarding-sliderTooltip .csponboardingwidget-overlay-tooltip{background:rgba(0,0,0,.5);color:#fff;position:fixed;font-size:14px;width:100%;height:100%;z-index:10000;top:64px;left:0;text-align:center}.C-global-onboarding-sliderTooltip .csponboardingwidget-overlay-tooltip .triangle-up{width:0;height:0;border-left:19.5px solid transparent;border-right:19.5px solid transparent;z-index:103;border-bottom:19px solid #515BAD;position:absolute;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%);top:-18px}.C-global-onboarding-sliderTooltip .csponboardingwidget-overlay-tooltip .csponboardingwidget-slider-tooltip{-webkit-box-shadow:0 0 3px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.26);-moz-box-shadow:0 0 3px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.26);box-shadow:0 0 3px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.26);position:fixed;top:64px;left:50%;width:100%;max-width:338px;max-height:480px;text-align:center}.C-global-onboarding-sliderTooltip .csponboardingwidget-overlay-tooltip .csponboardingwidget-slider-tooltip .notransition{-webkit-transition:none!important;-moz-transition:none!important;-o-transition:none!important;transition:none!important}.C-global-onboarding-sliderTooltip .csponboardingwidget-overlay-tooltip .csponboardingwidget-slider-tooltip .wrap{width:100%}.C-global-onboarding-sliderTooltip .csponboardingwidget-overlay-tooltip .csponboardingwidget-slider-tooltip .wrap .scroller{background:#f5f5f5;overflow:hidden;border-bottom-left-radius:4px;border-bottom-right-radius:4px}.C-global-onboarding-sliderTooltip .csponboardingwidget-overlay-tooltip .csponboardingwidget-slider-tooltip .wrap .scroller .items{transition:transform .4875s ease-in-out;height:268px;display:flex;width:100%}.C-global-onboarding-sliderTooltip .csponboardingwidget-overlay-tooltip .csponboardingwidget-slider-tooltip .wrap .scroller .items .item{box-sizing:border-box;min-width:100%;padding:20px;display:flex;flex-direction:column;justify-content:space-evenly}.C-global-onboarding-sliderTooltip .csponboardingwidget-overlay-tooltip .csponboardingwidget-slider-tooltip .wrap .scroller .items .item .title{font-size:24px;font-family:Aspira-Bold,Helvetica,Arial,Sans-serif;color:#000}.C-global-onboarding-sliderTooltip .csponboardingwidget-overlay-tooltip .csponboardingwidget-slider-tooltip .wrap .scroller .items .item .info-text{font-size:18px;font-family:Aspira-Bold,Helvetica,Arial,Sans-serif;color:#222}.C-global-onboarding-sliderTooltip .csponboardingwidget-overlay-tooltip .csponboardingwidget-slider-tooltip .wrap .scroller .items .item .info-text .info-alignment{display:block}.C-global-onboarding-sliderTooltip .csponboardingwidget-overlay-tooltip .csponboardingwidget-slider-tooltip .wrap .action-wrap{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;padding:23px 22px 24px 34px;background:#FFF}.C-global-onboarding-sliderTooltip .csponboardingwidget-overlay-tooltip .csponboardingwidget-slider-tooltip .wrap .action-wrap .indicators{display:flex;align-items:center}.C-global-onboarding-sliderTooltip .csponboardingwidget-overlay-tooltip .csponboardingwidget-slider-tooltip .wrap .action-wrap .next-cta{padding:0 25px}.C-global-onboarding-sliderTooltip .csponboardingwidget-overlay-tooltip .csponboardingwidget-slider-tooltip .wrap .action-wrap .indicator.active{background:#EB7100;border:1px solid #EB7100}.C-global-onboarding-sliderTooltip .csponboardingwidget-overlay-tooltip .csponboardingwidget-slider-tooltip .wrap .action-wrap .indicator{display:inline-block;height:12px;width:12px;border-radius:50%;margin-right:6px;border:1px solid #767676}.C-global-onboarding-sliderTooltip .csponboardingwidget-overlay-tooltip .csponboardingwidget-slider-tooltip .wrap .head-wrap{background:#515BAD}.C-global-onboarding-sliderTooltip .csponboardingwidget-overlay-tooltip .csponboardingwidget-slider-tooltip .wrap .head-wrap .head-text{font-size:20px;color:#FFF;font-family:Aspira-Bold,Helvetica,Arial,Sans-serif;line-height:32px;height:32px;padding:26px 0}@media screen and (max-width:979px){.C-global-onboarding-sliderTooltip{display:none!important}}.C-global-onboarding-megaMenuTooltip{display:none;position:fixed;z-index:10000;top:64px;background:#fff}.C-global-onboarding-megaMenuTooltip .mega-onboarding{width:577px}.C-global-onboarding-megaMenuTooltip .mega-onboarding-maincontainer{-webkit-box-shadow:0 0 3px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.26);-moz-box-shadow:0 0 3px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.26);box-shadow:0 0 3px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.26)}.C-global-onboarding-megaMenuTooltip .onboarding-item{display:flex;align-items:center;flex-basis:47%;width:47%;box-sizing:border-box}.C-global-onboarding-megaMenuTooltip .onboarding-item .csp-icon-wrap{width:28px;text-align:center}.C-global-onboarding-megaMenuTooltip .onboarding-item .csp-icon-wrap .csp-img-icon{vertical-align:middle}.C-global-onboarding-megaMenuTooltip .onboarding-item-text{padding-left:8px}.C-global-onboarding-megaMenuTooltip .onboarding-item-text:hover a{border-bottom:1px solid #262626}.C-global-onboarding-megaMenuTooltip .triangle-up{width:0;height:0;border-left:19.5px solid transparent;border-right:19.5px solid transparent;z-index:103;border-bottom:19px solid #515BAD;position:absolute;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%);top:-18px}.C-global-onboarding-megaMenuTooltip .mega-onboarding-upper{height:84px;background-color:#515BAD}.C-global-onboarding-megaMenuTooltip .mega-upper-text{text-align:center;padding-top:26px;font-family:Aspira-Bold,Helvetica,Arial,Sans-serif;font-size:20px;line-height:32px;color:#FFF}.C-global-onboarding-megaMenuTooltip .onboarding-item-text a{text-decoration:none;color:#262626;font-family:Aspira-Bold,Helvetica,Arial,Sans-serif;font-size:16px;line-height:18px}.C-global-onboarding-megaMenuTooltip .onboarding-item-text a:visited{color:#262626}.C-global-onboarding-megaMenuTooltip .mega-onboarding-lower-link-container{display:flex;height:177px;background-color:#FFF}.C-global-onboarding-megaMenuTooltip .onboarding-item-container{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;padding:17px 31px 33px 34px;width:100%;justify-content:space-between}.C-global-onboarding-megaMenuTooltip .onboarding-hook{height:0;width:0;margin-left:48%;border-left:20px solid transparent;border-right:20px solid transparent;border-bottom:20px solid #515BAD}@media screen and (max-width:979px){.C-global-onboarding-megaMenuTooltip{display:none!important}}
</style>
<p class="skip-navigation"><a href="#main-content-start">Skip Navigation</a></p>

<div class="chgg-hdr force-desktop  type-study subtype- ">
    <div class="chgg-hdr-content">
        <div class="disabled chgg-menu-container " role="button" tabindex="0" aria-label="Hamburger Menu. Has product links in sub menu." aria-expanded="false">
            <div class="chgg-menu-icon icon-chegg-hamburger"></div>
        </div>

        <nav class="chgg-menu split-nav hidden ">
            <div class="carrot"><div class="chgg-menu-icon icon-chegg-cancel" role="button" tabindex="0" aria-label="Close Menu."></div></div>
            <ul class="chgg-menu-items">
                <li class="home-wrapper"><a class="chgg-menu-item home track-home" href="https://www.chegg.com/" aria-label="Product Links .  Chegg Home.">
                    <div class="chgg-menu-image icon-chegg-home-c"></div>
                    <span>Chegg home</span>
                </a></li>
                <li class="books-wrapper"><a class="chgg-menu-item books track-books" href="https://www.chegg.com/books" aria-label="Chegg Books">
                    <div class="chgg-menu-image icon-chegg-books"></div>
                    <span>Books</span>
                </a></li>
                <li class="study-wrapper"><a class="chgg-menu-item study track-study" href="https://www.chegg.com/study" aria-label="Chegg Study">
                    <div class="chgg-menu-image icon-chegg-study2"></div>
                    <span>Study</span>
                </a></li>
                <li class="writing-wrapper"><a class="chgg-menu-item writing track-writing" href="https://www.chegg.com/writing" aria-label="Chegg Writing">
                    <div class="chgg-menu-image icon-chegg-writing"></div>
                    <span>Writing</span>
                </a></li>
                <li class="flashcards-wrapper"><a class="chgg-menu-item flashcards track-flashcards" href="https://www.chegg.com/flashcards" aria-label="Chegg Prep">
                    <div class="chgg-menu-image icon-chegg-flashcards"></div>
                    <span>Flashcards</span>
                </a></li>
                <li class="mathsolver-wrapper"><a class="chgg-menu-item mathsolver track-mathsolver" href="https://www.chegg.com/math-solver" aria-label="Chegg Math Solver">
                    <div class="chgg-menu-image icon-chegg-math-solver"></div>
                    <span>Math Solver</span>
                </a></li>
                <li class="tutors-wrapper"><a class="chgg-menu-item tutors track-tutors" href="https://www.chegg.com/tutors/" aria-label="Chegg Tutors">
                    <div class="chgg-menu-image icon-chegg-tutors-person"></div>
                    <span>Tutors</span>
                </a></li>
                <li class="internships-wrapper"><a class="chgg-menu-item internships track-internships" href="https://www.chegg.com/internships/" aria-label="Chegg Internships">
                    <div class="chgg-menu-image icon-chegg-career"></div>
                    <span>Internships</span>
                </a></li>
                <li class="moreitems-wrapper"><a class="chgg-menu-item moreitems track-moreitems" href="https://www.chegg.com/" aria-label="More">
                    <div class="chgg-menu-image "></div>
                    <span>More</span>
                </a></li>
                <li class="testprep-wrapper"><a class="chgg-menu-item testprep track-testprep" href="https://www.chegg.com/test-prep" aria-label="Chegg Test Prep">
                    <div class="chgg-menu-image icon-chegg-TestPrep"></div>
                    <span>Test Prep</span>
                </a></li>
                <li class="scholarships-wrapper"><a class="chgg-menu-item scholarships track-scholarships" href="https://www.chegg.com/scholarships" aria-label="Chegg Scholarships">
                    <div class="chgg-menu-image icon-chegg-colleges2"></div>
                    <span>Scholarships</span>
                </a></li>
            </ul>
        </nav>
        <a class="chgg-logo study track-study  " href="https://www.chegg.com/study" aria-label="Navigation grouped by products. Chegg study "><span class="visually-hidden">Chegg study</span></a>

        <div class="chgg-hdr-navigation ">
            <div class="nav-items study ">
                        <div class="nav-item tbs-item">
                                <a class="nav-item-header link-textbook-solutions " href="https://www.chegg.com/study/tbs"   tabindex="0">
                                Textbook Solutions
                                <div class="nav-item-caret icon-chegg-chevron"></div>
                            </a>
                        </div>
                        <div class="nav-item qa-item">
                                <a class="nav-item-header link-expert-qa " href="https://www.chegg.com/study/qa"   tabindex="0">
                                Expert Q&A
                                <div class="nav-item-caret icon-chegg-chevron"></div>
                            </a>
                        </div>
                        <div class="nav-item sp-item">
                                <a class="nav-item-header link-study-pack " href="https://www.chegg.com/study-pack"   tabindex="0">
                                Study Pack
                                <div class="nav-item-caret icon-chegg-chevron"></div>
                            </a>
                        </div>
            </div>
        </div>
        <div class="chgg-hdr-right-section-wrapper">
            <div class="chgg-hdr-right-section ">
                <div class="custom-content" id="chgg-hdr-right-section-custom-left"></div>
                <div class="chgg-hdr-right-section-main"></div>
                <div class="custom-content" id="chgg-hdr-right-section-custom-right"></div>
            </div>
            <div class="chgg-hdr-search-container ">
                    <div class="chgg-hdr-search-box"></div>
                <div class="chgg-hdr-mobile-search-icon open-chegg-oc-search icon-chegg-search "></div>
            </div>
        </div>
    </div>
</div>

<a id="main-content-start" name="main-content-start" tabindex="-1"></a>
<script>window.oc=window.oc||{};oc.renderedComponents=oc.renderedComponents||{};oc.renderedComponents["chegg-header"]="2.38.7";</script></oc-component>
            </div>
            
    <div class="chg-container center-content   ">
        <div class="chg-container-tower"></div>
        <div class="chg-container-content">
                <div class="chg-global-nav chg-global-nav-css" role="navigation" aria-label="Navigation to Home Page">
        <a class="chg-global-nav-home" href="https://www.chegg.com/">Home</a>
    </div>
            <div class="chg-global-content">
                                                <div class="chg-content chg-content-nouri"  role="main" >

    <div class="C-common-heroimg fadeIn animated ">
	<div class="hero-img nouri-background">
		<div class="heroimg">
			<div class="heroimg-overlay"></div>
			<h1 class="title">Everything is figureoutable - <br/>with 24/7 homework help</h1>
		</div>
	</div>
</div>

<div class="gorilla-glass chegg-study-only simplified-search simplified-search-text-btn simplified-search-with-border ">

</div>
  
<div class="heroimg-content simplified-search simplified-search-text-btn simplified-search-with-border">
	<div class="cshp-autosuggest-container">
		<div class="cshp-autosuggest gorilla-autosuggest">
						<form class="chg-search-form" action="/search" onsubmit="return false">
				<label for="autosuggest-input" class="visible-to-screen-readers-only">Find books, solutions, tutors and more...</label>
				<input id="autosuggest-input" name="autosuggest-input" class="cshp-input-field form-input-sm" type="text" placeholder="Find books, solutions, tutors and more..." autocomplete="off" />
				<a data-type="button" class="autosuggest-search-btn search-magnify-btn hide-search-text" href="#">Search</a>
				<a class="autosuggest-search-cancel search-magnify-btn-close autosuggest-search-cancel"  href="#"><span class="icon-x">Close</span></a>
			</form>
			<div class="cshp-input-search-container"></div>
		</div>
	</div>
</div>


        
    <div class="cs-promo-container plus-tutors row">
        <div class="promo-content">
            <div class="center-cs-promo">
                            
<div class="nouri-center-promo">
    <div class="nouri-center-promo-cell center-promo-intro with-border">
            Chegg Study<br/> subscription includes:
    </div>
    <div class="nouri-center-promo-cell center-promo-tbs with-border">
        <div class="product-icon-nouri nouri-center-promo-tbs-link">
            <a><img src="https://c.cheggcdn.com/assets/site/marketing/landing%20pages/2019-cheggstudy/icn-TBS.svg" alt="Textbook Solution"/></a>
            <div class="nouri-center-promo-tbs-text" data-test="tbs_solutions">textbook<br>solutions</div>
        </div>
    </div>
    <div class="nouri-center-promo-cell center-promo-qna with-border">
        <div class="product-icon-nouri nouri-center-promo-qna-link">
            <a><img src="https://c.cheggcdn.com/assets/site/marketing/landing%20pages/2019-cheggstudy/icn-Q&A.svg" alt="Expert QnA"/></a>
            <div class="nouri-center-promo-tbs-text" data-test="expert_qna">expert<br>q&a</div>
        </div>
    </div>
    <div class="nouri-center-promo-cell center-promo-cta-container">
                    <div>
                <button class="btn-primary-lg cta-btn nouri" data-test="study_cta">Try Chegg Study</button><br>
                <div>
                    <span class="cs-amount-nouri"></span>
                    <span class="cs-label">per month (cancel anytime)</span>
                </div>
            </div>
            </div>
</div>
            </div>
        </div>
    </div>

        <div class="nouri-tbs-promo-background"></div>
<div class="nouri-tbs-promo-container">

    <div class="nouri-tbs-promo-left">

    </div>
    <div class="nouri-tbs-promo-right">
        <h3 class="orange-section-title">textbook solutions</h3>
        <h2 class="section-highlight-title">Learn how <br/>to solve it<br/>step-by-step</h2>
        <div class="section-highlight-text">
            With Textbook Solutions you get more than just answers. See step-by-step how to solve tough problems. And learn with guided video walkthroughs & practice             sets for thousands of problems*.
        </div>

                    <button class="btn-primary-lg cta-btn tbs-nouri" data-test="tbs_secondary">Try Chegg Study</button>
        


        <div class="section-disclaimer">*Content not available for all Textbook Solutions</div>
    </div>
</div>


        <div class="nouri-qna-promo-background"></div>
<div class="nouri-qna-promo-container">

    <div class="nouri-qna-promo-left">
        <h3 class="orange-section-title">expert q&a</h3>
        <h2 class="section-highlight-title">Ask an expert anytime</h2>
        <div class="section-highlight-text">
            Take a photo of your question and get an answer in as little as 30 mins*. With over 21 million
            homework solutions, you can also search our library to find similar homework problems & solutions.
        </div>

                    <button class="btn-primary-lg cta-btn expert-nouri" data-test="qna_secondary">Try Chegg Study</button>
        



        <div class="section-disclaimer">*Our experts' time to answer varies by subject & question<br>
            (we average 46 minutes).</div>
    </div>

    <div class="nouri-qna-promo-right">

    </div>
</div>


    <div class="nouri-slide-module-container">
    <div class="section-highlight-title slide-module-title-outer">
        <div class="slide-module-title">Tough questions made easy – we’re the best kind of know-it-alls</div>
    </div>

    <div class="slide-module-divide-container">

        <div class="left-container">
            <div class="section-highlight-text">
                A student asked this tough question:
            </div>
            <div class="left-middle-container">
                <span class="section-highlight-subtitle">
                    “For the differential manometer shown, find the difference of pressure between points A and B(P<sub class="subscript">A</sub> - P<sub class="subscript">B</sub> = ?). Consider the specific
                gravity of the oil to be 0.85”
                </span>
            </div>
            <span class="btn-label" data-test="mech_eng">Mechanical Engineering</span>

        </div>

        <div class="right-container">
            <div class="section-highlight-text orange">Chegg’s expert answered:</div>
            <div class="right-middle-container">
                <div class="image-container"><img src="https://c.cheggcdn.com/assets/site/marketing/landing%20pages/2018-rebrand/Q1/img-Q&amp;A-ME.jpg" alt="Chegg QnA Image" class="qna-image"></div>
                <div class = "text-container">
                    <p class="slide-module-right-para">Draw the differential manometer which is carrying fluids of different specific gravities.</p>
                    <p class="slide-module-right-para">Now calculate the pressure difference between the points A and B by using the following equation…</p>

                                                    <a href="#" class="cs-cta orange try-example-nouri" data-test="expert_answer">Try Chegg Study &rarr;</a>
                                        </div>
            </div>
        </div>
    </div>
</div>
	            <div class="nouri-app-promo-widget-container">
    <div class="section-highlight-title app-promo-title">The homework help used by millions of students</div>

    <div class="app-promo-divide-container">

        <div class="left-container">
            <div class="orange-bar"></div>
            <div class="app-promo-upper-title">chegg study app</div>
            <div class="app-promo-middle left-middle">
                <div class="app-promo-middle-bottom-container">
                    <div class="app-promo-middle-bottom-container-left section-highlight-subtitle">Study help<br>in your pocket</div>
                    <div class="app-promo-middle-bottom-container-right"><a href="https://chegg-study.app.link/dQq8pgUsdT" class="app-promo-get-app-link" data-test="get_the_app">Get the app &rarr;</a></div>
                </div>
            </div>
        </div>

        <div class="right-container">
            <div class="orange-bar"></div>
            <div class="app-promo-upper-title">chegg love</div>
            <div class="app-promo-middle right-middle">

                <div class="section-twitter">
                    <span class="twitter-icon"></span>
                    <span>@BrandonRo_15</span>
                </div>
                <div class="section-highlight-title">“Shoutout to Chegg Study for allowing me to knockout my homework in 30 min”
                </div>

            </div>
        </div>
    </div>
</div>
    
    <div class="footer-links m-a860 m-a860-linklists ">
        <div class="row study-link-farm">
	<div class="col-12">
						<div class="subjects mod-box">
					<div class="orange-bar"></div>
					<h2 class="txt-hdr-mod">Study Help</h2>
					<ul class="top-subject-list"><li><a href="/homework-help/biology"><span class="title">Biology:</span></a><span class="subcat-links"><a href="/homework-help/biology-general-biology-s141" title="General Biology">General Biology</a><span> | </span><a href="/homework-help/biology-nutrition-s220" title="Nutrition">Nutrition</a><span> | </span><a href="/homework-help/biology-zoology-s197" title="Zoology">Zoology</a><span> | </span><a href="/homework-help/biology-biochemistry-s87" title="Biochemistry">Biochemistry</a><span> | </span><a href="/homework-help/biology-evolutionary-biology-s218" title="Evolutionary Biology">Evolutionary Biology</a><span> | </span><a href="/homework-help/biology-cell-biology-s95" title="Cell Biology">Cell Biology</a><span> | </span><a href="/homework-help/biology-immunology-s219" title="Immunology">Immunology</a></span></li><li><a href="/homework-help/business"><span class="title">Business:</span></a><span class="subcat-links"><a href="/homework-help/business-finance-s11" title="Finance">Finance</a><span> | </span><a href="/homework-help/business-economics-s12" title="Economics">Economics</a><span> | </span><a href="/homework-help/business-accounting-s37" title="Accounting">Accounting</a><span> | </span><a href="/homework-help/business-operations-management-s202" title="Operations Management">Operations Management</a></span></li><li><a href="/homework-help/chemistry"><span class="title">Chemistry:</span></a><span class="subcat-links"><a href="/homework-help/chemistry-general-chemistry-s143" title="General Chemistry">General Chemistry</a><span> | </span><a href="/homework-help/chemistry-environmental-chemistry-s214" title="Environmental Chemistry">Environmental Chemistry</a><span> | </span><a href="/homework-help/chemistry-inorganic-chemistry-s149" title="Inorganic Chemistry">Inorganic Chemistry</a><span> | </span><a href="/homework-help/chemistry-analytical-chemistry-s81" title="Analytical Chemistry">Analytical Chemistry</a><span> | </span><a href="/homework-help/chemistry-organic-chemistry-s167" title="Organic Chemistry">Organic Chemistry</a><span> | </span><a href="/homework-help/chemistry-chemical-engineering-s97" title="Chemical Engineering">Chemical Engineering</a><span> | </span><a href="/homework-help/chemistry-physical-chemistry-s169" title="Physical Chemistry">Physical Chemistry</a></span></li><li><a href="/homework-help/civil-engineering"><span class="title">Civil Engineering:</span></a><span class="subcat-links"><a href="/homework-help/civil-engineering-structural-design-s185" title="Structural Design">Structural Design</a><span> | </span><a href="/homework-help/civil-engineering-analysis-of-structures-s79" title="Analysis of Structures">Analysis of Structures</a><span> | </span><a href="/homework-help/civil-engineering-environmental-science-engg-s215" title="Environmental Science &amp; Engg">Environmental Science &amp; Engg</a><span> | </span><a href="/homework-help/civil-engineering-building-materials-and-theory-of-constructions-s89" title="Building Materials and Theory of Constructions">Building Materials and Theory of Constructions</a><span> | </span><a href="/homework-help/civil-engineering-hydrology-and-hydraulics-systems-s216" title="Hydrology and Hydraulics Systems">Hydrology and Hydraulics Systems</a><span> | </span><a href="/homework-help/civil-engineering-fluid-mechanics-s137" title="Fluid Mechanics">Fluid Mechanics</a></span></li><li><a href="/homework-help/electrical-engineering"><span class="title">Electrical Engineering:</span></a><span class="subcat-links"><a href="/homework-help/electrical-engineering-circuits-s99" title="Circuits">Circuits</a><span> | </span><a href="/homework-help/electrical-engineering-digital-signal-processing-s125" title="Digital Signal Processing">Digital Signal Processing</a><span> | </span><a href="/homework-help/electrical-engineering-electromagnetic-theory-s213" title="Electromagnetic Theory">Electromagnetic Theory</a><span> | </span><a href="/homework-help/electrical-engineering-communications-s107" title="Communications">Communications</a><span> | </span><a href="/homework-help/electrical-engineering-electric-circuits-s129" title="Electric Circuits">Electric Circuits</a><span> | </span><a href="/homework-help/electrical-engineering-control-theory-s111" title="Control Theory">Control Theory</a><span> | </span><a href="/homework-help/electrical-engineering-signal-theory-s175" title="Signal Theory">Signal Theory</a><span> | </span><a href="/homework-help/electrical-engineering-analog-circuits-s77" title="Analog Circuits">Analog Circuits</a><span> | </span><a href="/homework-help/electrical-engineering-digital-circuits-s123" title="Digital Circuits">Digital Circuits</a><span> | </span><a href="/homework-help/electrical-engineering-engineering-measurements-s212" title="Engineering Measurements">Engineering Measurements</a></span></li><li><a href="/homework-help/engineering"><span class="title">Engineering:</span></a><span class="subcat-links"><a href="/homework-help/engineering-computer-science-s3" title="Computer Science">Computer Science</a><span> | </span><a href="/homework-help/engineering-mechanical-engineering-s5" title="Mechanical Engineering">Mechanical Engineering</a></span></li><li><a href="/homework-help/math"><span class="title">Math:</span></a><span class="subcat-links"><a href="/homework-help/math-algebra-s27" title="Algebra">Algebra</a><span> | </span><a href="/homework-help/math-calculus-s29" title="Calculus">Calculus</a><span> | </span><a href="/homework-help/math-statistics-and-probability-s31" title="Statistics and Probability">Statistics and Probability</a><span> | </span><a href="/homework-help/math-advanced-math-s33" title="Advanced Math">Advanced Math</a><span> | </span><a href="/homework-help/math-other-math-s35" title="Other Math">Other Math</a><span> | </span><a href="/homework-help/math-geometry-s63" title="Geometry">Geometry</a><span> | </span><a href="/homework-help/math-trigonometry-s65" title="Trigonometry">Trigonometry</a><span> | </span><a href="/homework-help/math-prealgebra-s67" title="Prealgebra">Prealgebra</a><span> | </span><a href="/homework-help/math-precalculus-s69" title="Precalculus">Precalculus</a></span></li><li><a href="/homework-help/science"><span class="title">Science:</span></a><span class="subcat-links"><a href="/homework-help/science-physics-s2" title="Physics">Physics</a></span></li></ul>
				</div>
		<div class="homework-seo-promo">
	<div class="mod-box">
		<div class="orange-bar"></div>
		<h2 class="txt-hdr-mod">Get the most out of <em>Chegg Study</em></h2>
			<ul>
				<li>
					<a href="/homework-help/questions-and-answers">24/7 Online Study Help</a>
				</li>
				<span class="divider">|</span>
				<li>
					<a href="/homework-help/solutions-manual">Guided Textbook Solutions</a>
				</li>
				<span class="divider">|</span>
				<li>
					<a href="/homework-help/definitions">Definitions of key topics &amp; concepts</a>
				</li>
				<span class="divider">|</span>
				<li>
					<a href="/homework-help/gpa-calculator">GPA Calculator</a>
				</li>			</ul>
	</div>
</div>
	</div>
</div>    </div>

            <div class="recent-questions-section">
                <div>
	    
<div id="recent-questions" class="">
	<div class="header-content">
		<div class="cs-icon qna"></div>
		<h3 aria-describedby="recent-questions-subhead">Recently Asked Questions</h3>
		<div id="recent-questions-subhead" class="subheader">Experts answer in as little as 30 minutes</div>
	</div>
	<ul class="qna-list">
					<li>
				<b class="q">Q:</b>
				<span class="question-body">
										A financial institution has just sold European put options on the Sterling pound which matures in nine months. Suppose that the spot exchange rate is 1.45 dollars pe
					...				</span>
				<br />
				<b>A:</b> <a class="answer-link" href="/homework-help/questions-and-answers/financial-institution-sold-european-put-options-sterling-pound-matures-nine-months-suppose-q52570858">See Answer</a>
			</li>
					<li>
				<b class="q">Q:</b>
				<span class="question-body">
										HC Code Problem Calculate a distance between two points in various metric spaces. You can use the Euclidean distance which is defined by the following formula: d(x,y
					...				</span>
				<br />
				<b>A:</b> <a class="answer-link" href="/homework-help/questions-and-answers/hc-code-problem-calculate-distance-two-points-various-metric-spaces-use-euclidean-distance-q52572150">See Answer</a>
			</li>
					<li>
				<b class="q">Q:</b>
				<span class="question-body">
										a. Using the AD-AS, MD-MS, AE, and PC models, show the Canadian economy with the following conditions • Real GDP - $1T Interest Rate - 1% • Price Level - 150 • Natur
					...				</span>
				<br />
				<b>A:</b> <a class="answer-link" href="/homework-help/questions-and-answers/-using-ad-md-ms-ae-pc-models-show-canadian-economy-following-conditions-real-gdp-1t-intere-q52572758">See Answer</a>
			</li>
					<li>
				<b class="q">Q:</b>
				<span class="question-body">
										Question 4. a) In assemblers, the DUP operator assists in allocating data to memory. What is the kev role of the DUP operator in assemblers? b) State and explain the
					...				</span>
				<br />
				<b>A:</b> <a class="answer-link" href="/homework-help/questions-and-answers/question-4-assemblers-dup-operator-assists-allocating-data-memory-kev-role-dup-operator-as-q52573833">See Answer</a>
			</li>
					<li>
				<b class="q">Q:</b>
				<span class="question-body">
										Name Employee [x Employee ID f L name Phone Email Tutee Tulce_ID(FK Address Tutor Tulon To (Ex) Hour Rate Total amount Title + Counse Tutor ID(FK) Course Visit Date 
					...				</span>
				<br />
				<b>A:</b> <a class="answer-link" href="/homework-help/questions-and-answers/name-employee-x-employee-id-f-l-name-phone-email-tutee-tulceid-fk-address-tutor-tulon-ex-h-q52577798">See Answer</a>
			</li>
					<li>
				<b class="q">Q:</b>
				<span class="question-body">
										Membership type Standard Total monthly purchase ($) Less than 75 75-149.99 150 and over Reward points 5% of the total monthly purchase 7.5% of the total monthly purc
					...				</span>
				<br />
				<b>A:</b> <a class="answer-link" href="/homework-help/questions-and-answers/local-department-store-wants-c-program-displays-number-reward-points-customer-earns-month--q52578619">See Answer</a>
			</li>
					<li>
				<b class="q">Q:</b>
				<span class="question-body">
										IGM Realty had stock prices of $33, $33, $38, $36, and $28 at the end of the last five quarters respectively. If IGM pays a dividend of $0.9 at the end of each quart
					...				</span>
				<br />
				<b>A:</b> <a class="answer-link" href="/homework-help/questions-and-answers/igm-realty-stock-prices-33-33-38-36-28-end-last-five-quarters-respectively-igm-pays-divide-q52578778">See Answer</a>
			</li>
					<li>
				<b class="q">Q:</b>
				<span class="question-body">
										2. What are the goverring equationfor an Euler-Bernoulli beam subjected to distributed and concentrated transverse loads in the ig axis? (4 points) What are the boun
					...				</span>
				<br />
				<b>A:</b> <a class="answer-link" href="/homework-help/questions-and-answers/2-goverring-equationfor-euler-bernoulli-beam-subjected-distributed-concentrated-transverse-q52579401">See Answer</a>
			</li>
					<li>
				<b class="q">Q:</b>
				<span class="question-body">
										Child diddo PM Homework: Section 9.2 Save Score: 0 of 1 pt 2 of 4 (0 complete) HW Score: 0%, 0 of 4 pts ari 9.2.30 Question Help A survey was conducted that asked 10
					...				</span>
				<br />
				<b>A:</b> <a class="answer-link" href="/homework-help/questions-and-answers/child-diddo-pm-homework-section-92-save-score-0-1-pt-2-4-0-complete-hw-score-0-0-4-pts-ari-q52580081">See Answer</a>
			</li>
					<li>
				<b class="q">Q:</b>
				<span class="question-body">
										MOLE RATIOS IN CHEMICAL EQUATIONS PRELAB QUESTIONS NAME When chromium metal is added to copper sulfate, there are two possible reactions: (a) Cr + Cuso CSO. + Cu (b)
					...				</span>
				<br />
				<b>A:</b> <a class="answer-link" href="/homework-help/questions-and-answers/mole-ratios-chemical-equations-prelab-questions-name-chromium-metal-added-copper-sulfate-t-q52580144">See Answer</a>
			</li>
			</ul>
</div>
    </div>

        </div>
    






</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="chg-global-screen-blocker"></div>
</div>
    <div class="chg-footer" role="contentinfo">
            <oc-component href="//registry.chegg.com/chegg-footer/2.9.0?customCheggDomain=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.chegg.com%2F&id=demo&data=%5Bobject%20Object%5D" data-hash="d9a9bd5cf90cae0e72995aebaed61b2d982299fa" data-name="chegg-footer" data-rendered="true" data-version="2.9.0"><script>
    window.oc = window.oc || {};
    oc.cmd = oc.cmd || [];
    oc.cmd.push( function ( oc ) {
        var isLoaded = false;
        var blockedLoading = false;
        var OCcallback = ready;
        var tutorC = null;

        // Versions of libs
        if ( window.jQuery && (jQuery.fn.jquery === '1.7.1') ) {
            window.cheggJQuery = jQuery;
        }
        if ( window._ && (_.VERSION === '1.4.3') ) {
            window.cheggUnderscore = _;
        }
        if ( window.Backbone && (Backbone.VERSION === '1.0.0') ) {
            window.cheggBackbone = Backbone;
        }

        var initComponent = function initComponent() {
            if ( !isLoaded
                    && !blockedLoading
                    && window.Eggshell
                    && window.cheggJQuery
                    && window.cheggUnderscore
                    && window.cheggBackbone
                    && window.C
                    && window.CheggFooter_Define ) {

                isLoaded = true;

                // Define component
                window.CheggFooter_Define(
                        window.cheggJQuery,
                        window.cheggJQuery,
                        window.cheggUnderscore,
                        window.cheggBackbone,
                        window.Eggshell
                );

                C.global = C.global || {};

                if ( !C.global.cheggBaseUrl ) {
                    C( 'global.cheggBaseUrl', "//www.chegg.com/" );
                }
                if ( !C.global.cheggSiteSecureUrl ) {
                    C( 'global.cheggSiteSecureUrl', "https:" + "//www.chegg.com/" );
                }
                //Prevent call to get user if we already have the information
                if ( !C.global.csrfToken && !!C.utility) {
                    C.utility.updateCsrfToken( OCcallback, C.global.cheggSiteSecureUrl );
                } else {
                    OCcallback();
                }
            }

        };

        function ready() {
            // Init components
            window.cheggJQuery( document ).ready( function () {
                var $el = window.cheggJQuery( '#demo.C-chegg-footer' );
                var component = Eggshell.create( 'C.chegg.footer', {
                    el: $el,
                    id: 'demo'
                } );
                oc.events.fire( 'CheggFooter_Init', {
                    id: 'demo',
                    component: component
                } );
            } );
        }

        // check if we've already loaded specific the OC
        function isComponentLoading( component ) {
            if ( typeof component == 'undefined' ) {
                component = 'chegg-header';
            }
            return !!oc.renderedComponents.hasOwnProperty( component );
        }

        // basically, this code we loaded only for labelUpdate, that why we check it here
        function isGlobalValueLoaded() {
            return typeof C !== 'undefined' && typeof C.global !== 'undefined' && typeof C.global.labelUpdate !== 'undefined';
        }

        // We need temporary to replace the global value 'C' on the tutors page and then return.
        function replaceBackCValue() {
            if ( tutorC ) {
                for ( var variable in tutorC.global ) {
                    C( 'global.' + variable, tutorC.global[ variable ] );
                }
            }
            ready();
        }
        // the value 'C' should be a function
        function replaceCValue() {
            if ( typeof C !== 'undefined' && typeof C !== 'function' ) {
                tutorC = Object.assign( {}, C );
                OCcallback = replaceBackCValue;
                delete( C );
            }
        }

        // the condition was added
        // for avoiding to load the same library 'global.lite.pack.js'
        // this library could be also loaded at the chegg-header component
        var globalPack;
        if ( !isGlobalValueLoaded() && isComponentLoading( 'chegg-header' ) === false ) {
            replaceCValue();
            globalPack = {
                url: "//components.cheggcdn.com/components/chegg-footer/2.9.0/dist/js/global.lite.pack.js",
                global: 'C'
            };
        } else {
            blockedLoading = true;
            oc.events.on('globalHeaderCreated', function () {
                blockedLoading = false;
                initComponent();
            });
        }

        var requiresList = [ {
            global: 'Eggshell',
            url: '//assets.cheggcdn.com/libraries/eggshell-minified.js'
        }, {
            global: 'cheggJQuery',
            url: '//assets.cheggcdn.com/libraries/jquery-1.7.1-ns.js'
        }, {
            global: 'cheggUnderscore',
            url: '//assets.cheggcdn.com/libraries/chegg-underscore-min.js'
        }, {
            global: 'cheggBackbone',
            url: '//assets.cheggcdn.com/libraries/chegg-backbone-min.js'
        } ];

        if ( !!globalPack ) {
            Array.prototype.push.apply( requiresList, [ globalPack ] );
        }
        Array.prototype.push.apply( requiresList, [ {
            global: 'CheggFooter_Define',
            url: "//components.cheggcdn.com/components/chegg-footer/2.9.0/dist/js/component.js"
        } ]);

        oc.requireSeries( requiresList, initComponent );

    } );

</script>
    <style data-inline-css="1">
@font-face{font-family:Aspira;font-display:swap;src:local("Aspira"),local("Aspira Regular");src:url(//c.cheggcdn.com/f/eot/30B57C_60_0.eot);src:url(//c.cheggcdn.com/f/eot/30B57C_60_0.eot?#iefix) format("embedded-opentype"),url(//c.cheggcdn.com/f/woff2/30B57C_60_0.woff2) format("woff2"),url(//c.cheggcdn.com/f/woff/30B57C_60_0.woff) format("woff"),url(//c.cheggcdn.com/f/ttf/30B57C_60_0.ttf) format("truetype");font-weight:400;font-style:normal}@font-face{font-family:Aspira-Light;font-display:swap;src:local("Aspira"),local("Aspira Light");src:url(//c.cheggcdn.com/f/eot/30B57C_5B_0.eot);src:url(//c.cheggcdn.com/f/eot/30B57C_5B_0.eot?#iefix) format("embedded-opentype"),url(//c.cheggcdn.com/f/woff2/30B57C_5B_0.woff2) format("woff2"),url(//c.cheggcdn.com/f/woff/30B57C_5B_0.woff) format("woff"),url(//c.cheggcdn.com/f/ttf/30B57C_5B_0.ttf) format("truetype")}@font-face{font-family:Aspira-Medium;font-display:swap;src:local("Aspira"),local("Aspira Medium");src:url(//c.cheggcdn.com/f/eot/30B57C_5D_0.eot);src:url(//c.cheggcdn.com/f/eot/30B57C_5D_0.eot?#iefix) format("embedded-opentype"),url(//c.cheggcdn.com/f/woff2/30B57C_5D_0.woff2) format("woff2"),url(//c.cheggcdn.com/f/woff/30B57C_5D_0.woff) format("woff"),url(//c.cheggcdn.com/f/ttf/30B57C_5D_0.ttf) format("truetype")}@font-face{font-family:Aspira-Bold;font-display:swap;src:local("Aspira"),local("Aspira Bold");src:url(//c.cheggcdn.com/f/eot/30B57C_52_0.eot);src:url(//c.cheggcdn.com/f/eot/30B57C_52_0.eot?#iefix) format("embedded-opentype"),url(//c.cheggcdn.com/f/woff2/30B57C_52_0.woff2) format("woff2"),url(//c.cheggcdn.com/f/woff/30B57C_52_0.woff) format("woff"),url(//c.cheggcdn.com/f/ttf/30B57C_52_0.ttf) format("truetype")}@font-face{font-family:LunchBox;font-display:swap;src:local("LunchBox"),local("LunchBox Regular");src:url(//c.cheggcdn.com/f/eot/30DD6D_3_0.eot);src:url(//c.cheggcdn.com/f/eot/30DD6D_3_0.eot?#iefix) format("embedded-opentype"),url(//c.cheggcdn.com/f/woff2/30DD6D_3_0.woff2) format("woff2"),url(//c.cheggcdn.com/f/woff/30DD6D_3_0.woff) format("woff"),url(//c.cheggcdn.com/f/ttf/30DD6D_3_0.ttf) format("truetype");font-weight:400;font-style:normal}@font-face{font-family:LunchBox-Light;font-display:swap;src:local("LunchBox"),local("LunchBox Light");src:url(//c.cheggcdn.com/f/eot/30DD6D_1_0.eot);src:url(//c.cheggcdn.com/f/eot/30DD6D_1_0.eot?#iefix) format("embedded-opentype"),url(//c.cheggcdn.com/f/woff2/30DD6D_1_0.woff2) format("woff2"),url(//c.cheggcdn.com/f/woff/30DD6D_1_0.woff) format("woff"),url(//c.cheggcdn.com/f/ttf/30DD6D_1_0.ttf) format("truetype")}@font-face{font-family:LunchBox-Bold;font-display:swap;src:local("LunchBox"),local("LunchBox Bold");src:url(//c.cheggcdn.com/f/eot/30DD6D_2_0.eot);src:url(//c.cheggcdn.com/f/eot/30DD6D_2_0.eot?#iefix) format("embedded-opentype"),url(//c.cheggcdn.com/f/woff2/30DD6D_2_0.woff2) format("woff2"),url(//c.cheggcdn.com/f/woff/30DD6D_2_0.woff) format("woff"),url(//c.cheggcdn.com/f/ttf/30DD6D_2_0.ttf) format("truetype")}@font-face{font-family:Chegg-icon;font-display:swap;src:url(//c.cheggcdn.com/f/eot/CheggIcons.eot);src:url(//c.cheggcdn.com/f/eot/CheggIcons.eot?#iefix) format("embedded-opentype"),url(//c.cheggcdn.com/f/woff2/CheggIcons.woff2) format("woff2"),url(//c.cheggcdn.com/f/woff/CheggIcons.woff) format("woff"),url(//c.cheggcdn.com/f/ttf/CheggIcons.ttf) format("truetype"),url(//c.cheggcdn.com/f/svg/CheggIcons.svg?#Chegg) format("svg");font-weight:400;font-style:normal}@font-face{font-family:Aspira;font-display:swap;src:local("Aspira"),local("Aspira Light");src:url(//c.cheggcdn.com/f/eot/30B57C_5B_0.eot);src:url(//c.cheggcdn.com/f/eot/30B57C_5B_0.eot?#iefix) format("embedded-opentype"),url(//c.cheggcdn.com/f/woff2/30B57C_5B_0.woff2) format("woff2"),url(//c.cheggcdn.com/f/woff/30B57C_5B_0.woff) format("woff"),url(//c.cheggcdn.com/f/ttf/30B57C_5B_0.ttf) format("truetype");font-weight:100;font-style:normal}@font-face{font-family:Aspira;font-display:swap;src:local("Aspira"),local("Aspira Medium");src:url(//c.cheggcdn.com/f/eot/30B57C_5D_0.eot);src:url(//c.cheggcdn.com/f/eot/30B57C_5D_0.eot?#iefix) format("embedded-opentype"),url(//c.cheggcdn.com/f/woff2/30B57C_5D_0.woff2) format("woff2"),url(//c.cheggcdn.com/f/woff/30B57C_5D_0.woff) format("woff"),url(//c.cheggcdn.com/f/ttf/30B57C_5D_0.ttf) format("truetype");font-weight:500;font-style:normal}@font-face{font-family:Aspira;font-display:swap;src:local("Aspira"),local("Aspira Bold");src:url(//c.cheggcdn.com/f/eot/30B57C_52_0.eot);src:url(//c.cheggcdn.com/f/eot/30B57C_52_0.eot?#iefix) format("embedded-opentype"),url(//c.cheggcdn.com/f/woff2/30B57C_52_0.woff2) format("woff2"),url(//c.cheggcdn.com/f/woff/30B57C_52_0.woff) format("woff"),url(//c.cheggcdn.com/f/ttf/30B57C_52_0.ttf) format("truetype");font-weight:700;font-style:normal}@font-face{font-family:LunchBox;font-display:swap;src:local("LunchBox"),local("LunchBox Light");src:url(//c.cheggcdn.com/f/eot/30DD6D_1_0.eot);src:url(//c.cheggcdn.com/f/eot/30DD6D_1_0.eot?#iefix) format("embedded-opentype"),url(//c.cheggcdn.com/f/woff2/30DD6D_1_0.woff2) format("woff2"),url(//c.cheggcdn.com/f/woff/30DD6D_1_0.woff) format("woff"),url(//c.cheggcdn.com/f/ttf/30DD6D_1_0.ttf) format("truetype");font-weight:100;font-style:normal}@font-face{font-family:LunchBox;font-display:swap;src:local("LunchBox"),local("LunchBox Bold");src:url(//c.cheggcdn.com/f/eot/30DD6D_2_0.eot);src:url(//c.cheggcdn.com/f/eot/30DD6D_2_0.eot?#iefix) format("embedded-opentype"),url(//c.cheggcdn.com/f/woff2/30DD6D_2_0.woff2) format("woff2"),url(//c.cheggcdn.com/f/woff/30DD6D_2_0.woff) format("woff"),url(//c.cheggcdn.com/f/ttf/30DD6D_2_0.ttf) format("truetype");font-weight:700;font-style:normal}.C-chegg-footer a,.C-chegg-footer article,.C-chegg-footer aside,.C-chegg-footer b,.C-chegg-footer canvas,.C-chegg-footer center,.C-chegg-footer dd,.C-chegg-footer del,.C-chegg-footer details,.C-chegg-footer dfn,.C-chegg-footer div,.C-chegg-footer dl,.C-chegg-footer dt,.C-chegg-footer em,.C-chegg-footer embed,.C-chegg-footer fieldset,.C-chegg-footer figcaption,.C-chegg-footer figure,.C-chegg-footer footer,.C-chegg-footer form,.C-chegg-footer h1,.C-chegg-footer h2,.C-chegg-footer h3,.C-chegg-footer h4,.C-chegg-footer h5,.C-chegg-footer h6,.C-chegg-footer header,.C-chegg-footer hgroup,.C-chegg-footer i,.C-chegg-footer img,.C-chegg-footer ins,.C-chegg-footer kbd,.C-chegg-footer label,.C-chegg-footer legend,.C-chegg-footer li,.C-chegg-footer menu,.C-chegg-footer nav,.C-chegg-footer ol,.C-chegg-footer output,.C-chegg-footer q,.C-chegg-footer ruby,.C-chegg-footer s,.C-chegg-footer samp,.C-chegg-footer section,.C-chegg-footer small,.C-chegg-footer span,.C-chegg-footer strike,.C-chegg-footer strong,.C-chegg-footer sub,.C-chegg-footer summary,.C-chegg-footer sup,.C-chegg-footer tt,.C-chegg-footer u,.C-chegg-footer ul,.C-chegg-footer var{margin:0;padding:0;border:0;font:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;min-height:auto;background:0 0}.C-chegg-footer article,.C-chegg-footer footer,.C-chegg-footer nav,.C-chegg-footer section{display:block}.C-chegg-footer ol,.C-chegg-footer ul{list-style:none}.C-chegg-footer a{text-decoration:none}.C-chegg-footer a:hover{text-decoration:underline}.C-chegg-footer{display:block!important;font-family:Aspira,Helvetica,Arial,Sans-serif;font-size:12px;color:#555;background:100% 100% no-repeat;-webkit-background-size:380px;-o-background-size:380px;background-size:380px}.C-chegg-footer img{opacity:1;transition:opacity .3s}.C-chegg-footer img[data-img-src]{opacity:0}.C-chegg-footer nav{padding:30px 30px 0;position:relative;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;max-width:1200px;border-top:1px solid #DDD;text-align:justify;font-size:0}.C-chegg-footer .footer-content{position:relative;padding-bottom:130px;background:0 100% no-repeat;-webkit-background-size:200px;-o-background-size:200px;background-size:200px}.C-chegg-footer .footer-content .chg-footer-copyright{padding:30px 40px 0;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;max-width:1200px}.C-chegg-footer .footer-content .chg-footer-copyright>*{display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle;margin-left:30px}.C-chegg-footer .footer-content .chg-footer-copyright>:first-child{margin-left:0}.C-chegg-footer .footer-content .chg-footer-copyright>:last-child{display:block;margin:30px 0 0}.C-chegg-footer .footer-content .chg-footer-copyright .img-chg-plant-tree{height:45px;width:180px;font-size:0;-webkit-background-size:180px 45px;-o-background-size:180px 45px;background-size:180px 45px}.C-chegg-footer .chg-footer-nav-column{font-size:12px;display:inline-block;position:relative;padding:10px;vertical-align:top;top:1.2em;width:16.65%;text-align:left;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box;-moz-box-sizing:border-box;box-sizing:border-box}.C-chegg-footer .chg-footer-nav-column.wide{width:33.333%}.C-chegg-footer .chg-footer-nav-column.wide ul{width:50%;float:left}.C-chegg-footer .chg-footer-nav-column.wide ul:first-child li{padding-right:10px}.C-chegg-footer .chg-footer-nav-column.wide ul:last-child li{padding-left:10px}.C-chegg-footer .chg-footer-nav-column .section-title{font-size:12px;margin-bottom:10px;font-weight:700}.C-chegg-footer .chg-footer-nav-column li{font-size:12px;padding-bottom:5px}.C-chegg-footer .chg-footer-nav-column li a{color:inherit;font-size:inherit}.C-chegg-footer .chg-footer-nav-column li a.label_updated.show_updated:after{display:inline-block}.C-chegg-footer .chg-footer-nav-column li a.label_updated:after{display:none;position:relative;content:'UPDATED';color:#FFF;margin-left:5px;font-family:Aspira;font-weight:700;line-height:10px;font-size:8px;padding:2px;background-color:#515BAD}.C-chegg-footer .chg-footer-nav-column li span{color:red}.C-chegg-footer .chg-footer-nav-column:before{content:'';display:block;width:100%;margin-bottom:-1.2em}.C-chegg-footer .chg-footer-nav-column:after{display:inline-block;width:100%}.C-chegg-footer .chg-footer-nav-column .chg-footer-new-label{font-size:9px;margin-left:-30px;padding-right:5px;color:#EB7100;font-family:Helvetica,Arial,Sans-serif}@media only screen and (max-width:800px){.C-chegg-footer .chg-footer-nav-column{width:33.333%}.C-chegg-footer .chg-footer-nav-column.wide ul{width:auto;float:none}.C-chegg-footer .chg-footer-nav-column.wide ul:first-child li{padding-right:0}.C-chegg-footer .chg-footer-nav-column.wide ul:last-child li{padding-left:0}}@media (max-width:736px){.C-chegg-footer{background-position:200% 100%;-webkit-background-size:250px;-o-background-size:250px;background-size:250px}.C-chegg-footer nav{padding:0 10px;border:none}.C-chegg-footer nav:before{content:'';display:block;padding-top:50px;border-bottom:1px solid #DDD}.C-chegg-footer footer{text-align:center;background-position:-30% 100%;-webkit-background-size:160px;-o-background-size:160px;background-size:160px}.C-chegg-footer footer .chg-footer-copyright{padding:95px 10px 0}.C-chegg-footer footer .chg-footer-copyright .chg-footer-truste-seal,.C-chegg-footer footer .chg-footer-copyright>a{margin-left:10px}.C-chegg-footer footer .chg-footer-copyright .img-chg-plant-tree{position:absolute;top:30px;margin:0 0 0 -90px;left:50%}.C-chegg-footer .chg-footer-nav-column{display:block;width:auto;border-bottom:1px solid #DDD;top:auto;font-size:16px;color:#555}.C-chegg-footer .chg-footer-nav-column.wide{width:auto}.C-chegg-footer .chg-footer-nav-column div{max-height:0;overflow:hidden;-webkit-transition:max-height .35s;-moz-transition:max-height .35s;transition:max-height .35s}.C-chegg-footer .chg-footer-nav-column div ul>li{font-size:14px}.C-chegg-footer .chg-footer-nav-column div ul>li a{display:block}.C-chegg-footer .chg-footer-nav-column .section-title{font-weight:400;margin-bottom:0;font-size:inherit}.C-chegg-footer .chg-footer-nav-column .section-title.target:after{top:15px;border-color:#555 transparent transparent #555}.C-chegg-footer .chg-footer-nav-column .section-title.target+div{margin-top:12px;max-height:900px}.C-chegg-footer .chg-footer-nav-column .section-title:after{position:absolute;content:'';right:10px;width:6px;height:6px;border:2px solid transparent;border-bottom-color:#555;border-right-color:#555;display:inline-block;-webkit-transform:rotate(45deg);-ms-transform:rotate(45deg);transform:rotate(45deg);-webkit-box-sizing:content-box;-moz-box-sizing:content-box;box-sizing:content-box}.C-chegg-footer .chg-footer-nav-column:after,.C-chegg-footer .chg-footer-nav-column:before{content:none}.C-chegg-footer .chg-footer-nav-column .chg-footer-new-label{margin-left:0;float:left}}
</style>

<div id="demo" class="C-chegg-footer" style="display: none;"
     data-background-src="//c.cheggcdn.com/assets/site/images/footer-right.svg">
    <nav>
        <div class="chg-footer-nav-column ">
            <h4 class="section-title">ABOUT CHEGG</h4>
            <div>
                <ul>

                    <li>
                        
                        <a 
                        
                        
                                href="https://www.chegg.com/tutors/become-a-tutor/"
                            data-log="become-a-tutor"
                        >Become a Tutor</a>
                    </li>

                    <li>
                        
                        <a 
                        
                        
                            href="//www.chegg.com/play/student-life/chegg-for-good/"
                            data-log="chegg-for-good"
                        >Chegg For Good</a>
                    </li>

                    <li>
                        
                        <a 
                        
                        
                            href="//collegemarketing.chegg.com/"
                            data-log="college-marketing"
                        >College Marketing</a>
                    </li>

                    <li>
                        
                        <a 
                        
                        
                            href="//corpdev.chegg.com"
                            rel="nofollow"
                            data-log="corporate-development"
                        >Corporate Development</a>
                    </li>

                    <li>
                        
                        <a 
                        
                        
                            href="//investor.chegg.com/"
                            rel="nofollow"
                            data-log="investor-relations"
                        >Investor Relations</a>
                    </li>

                    <li>
                        
                        <a 
                        aria-label="Company Grouping, Jobs"
                        
                            href="//jobs.chegg.com/"
                            data-log=" jobs"
                        >Jobs</a>
                    </li>

                    <li>
                        
                        <a 
                        
                        
                            href="//www.chegg.com/affiliate-program/"
                            rel="nofollow"
                            data-log="join-our-affiliate-program"
                        >Join Our Affiliate Program</a>
                    </li>

                    <li>
                        
                        <a 
                        aria-label="About Chegg Grouping, Media Center"
                        
                                href="https://www.chegg.com/press/"
                            data-log="media-center"
                        >Media Center</a>
                    </li>

                    <li>
                        
                        <a 
                        aria-label="Resources Grouping, Site Map"
                        
                                href="https://www.chegg.com/sitemap/"
                            data-log="site-map"
                        >Site Map</a>
                    </li>
                </ul>
            </div>
        </div>
        <div class="chg-footer-nav-column ">
            <h4 class="section-title">LEGAL &amp; POLICIES</h4>
            <div>
                <ul>

                    <li>
                        
                        <a 
                        
                        
                            href="http://preferences-mgr.truste.com/?pid=chegg01&aid=chegg_pub02&type=cheggdirect"
                            rel="nofollow"
                            target="_new"
                            data-log="advertising-choices"
                        >Advertising Choices</a>
                    </li>

                    <li>
                        
                        <a 
                        
                        
                                href="https://www.chegg.com/cookienotice/"
                            rel="nofollow"
                            data-log="cookie-notice"
                        >Cookie Notice</a>
                    </li>

                    <li>
                        
                        <a 
                        
                        
                                href="https://www.chegg.com/generalpolicies/"
                            rel="nofollow"
                            data-log="general-policies"
                        >General Policies</a>
                    </li>

                    <li>
                        
                        <a 
                        
                        
                                href="https://www.chegg.com/copyright/"
                            rel="nofollow"
                            data-log="intellectual-property-rights"
                        >Intellectual Property Rights</a>
                    </li>

                    <li>
                        
                        <a 
                        
                        
                                href="https://www.chegg.com/termsofuse/"
                            rel="nofollow"
                            data-log="terms-of-use"
                        >Terms of Use</a>
                    </li>

                    <li>
                        
                        <a 
                        
                        
                                href="https://www.chegg.com/tutoringterms/"
                            rel="nofollow"
                            data-log="chegg-tutors-terms-of-service"
                        >Chegg Tutors Terms of Service</a>
                    </li>

                    <li>
                        
                        <a 
                        
                        class="label_updated"
                                href="https://www.chegg.com/privacypolicy/"
                            rel="nofollow"
                            data-log="privacy-policy"
                        >Global Privacy Policy</a>
                    </li>

                    <li>
                        
                        <a 
                        
                        
                                href="https://www.chegg.com/caprivacypolicy/"
                            rel="nofollow"
                            data-log="your-ca-privacy-rights"
                        >California Privacy Rights</a>
                    </li>

                    <li>
                        
                        <a 
                        
                        
                                href="https://www.chegg.com/honorcode"
                            data-log="honor-code"
                        >Honor Code</a>
                    </li>
                </ul>
            </div>
        </div>
        <div class="chg-footer-nav-column wide">
            <h4 class="section-title">CHEGG PRODUCTS AND SERVICES</h4>
            <div>
                <ul>

                    <li>
                        
                        <a 
                        
                        
                                href="https://www.chegg.com/cheap-textbooks/"
                            data-log="cheap-textbooks"
                        >Cheap Textbooks</a>
                    </li>

                    <li>
                        
                        <a 
                        
                        
                                href="https://www.chegg.com/chegg-coupon/"
                            data-log="chegg-coupon"
                        >Chegg Coupon</a>
                    </li>

                    <li>
                        
                        <a 
                        aria-label="Student Services Grouping, Chegg Play"
                        
                            href="//www.chegg.com/play/"
                            data-log="chegg-play"
                        >Chegg Play</a>
                    </li>

                    <li>
                        
                        <a 
                        
                        
                                href="https://www.chegg.com/study/"
                            data-log="chegg-study-help"
                        >Chegg Study Help</a>
                    </li>

                    <li>
                        
                        <a 
                        
                        
                                href="https://www.chegg.com/college-textbooks/"
                            data-log="college-textbooks"
                        >College Textbooks</a>
                    </li>

                    <li>
                        
                        <a 
                        
                        
                                href="https://www.chegg.com/etextbooks/"
                            data-log="eTextbook"
                        >eTextbooks</a>
                    </li>

                    <li>
                        
                        <a 
                        
                        
                                href="https://www.chegg.com/math-solver/"
                            data-log="math-solver"
                        >Chegg Math Solver</a>
                    </li>

                    <li>
                        
                        <a 
                        
                        
                                href="https://www.chegg.com/mobile/"
                            data-log="mobile"
                        >Mobile Apps</a>
                    </li>
                </ul>
                <ul>
                    <li>
                        
                        <a 
                        aria-label="Learning Services Grouping, Online Tutoring"
                        
                                href="https://www.chegg.com/tutors/"
                            data-log="online-tutoring"
                        >Online Tutoring</a>
                    </li>

                    <li>
                        
                        <a 
                        
                        
                                href="https://www.chegg.com/homework-help/solutions-manual/"
                            data-log="solutions-manual"
                        >Solutions Manual</a>
                    </li>

                    <li>
                        
                        <a 
                        
                        
                            href="//www.chegg.com/study-101/"
                            data-log="study-101"
                        >Study 101</a>
                    </li>

                    <li>
                        
                        <a 
                        
                        
                                href="https://www.chegg.com/test-prep/"
                            data-log="test-prep"
                        >Test Prep</a>
                    </li>

                    <li>
                        
                        <a 
                        
                        
                                href="https://www.chegg.com/textbooks/"
                            data-log="textbook-rental"
                        >Textbook Rental</a>
                    </li>

                    <li>
                        
                        <a 
                        
                        
                                href="https://www.chegg.com/used-textbooks/"
                            data-log="used-textbook"
                        >Used Textbooks</a>
                    </li>

                    <li>
                        
                        <a 
                        
                        
                                href="https://www.chegg.com/access-codes/"
                            data-log="digital-access-codes"
                        >Digital Access Codes</a>
                    </li>
                </ul>
            </div>
        </div>
        <div class="chg-footer-nav-column ">
            <h4 class="section-title">CHEGG NETWORK</h4>
            <div>
                <ul>

                    <li>
                        
                        <a 
                        
                        
                            href="https://www.easybib.com/"
                            data-log="easybib"
                        >Easybib</a>
                    </li>

                    <li>
                        
                        <a 
                        
                        
                            href="https://www.internships.com/"
                            data-log="internships"
                        >Internships.com</a>
                    </li>

                    <li>
                        
                        <a 
                        
                        
                            href="https://www.studyblue.com/"
                            data-log="studyblue"
                        >Studyblue</a>
                    </li>

                    <li>
                        
                        <a 
                        
                        
                            href="https://www.thinkful.com/"
                            data-log="thinkful"
                        >Thinkful</a>
                    </li>
                </ul>
            </div>
        </div>
        <div class="chg-footer-nav-column ">
            <h4 class="section-title">CUSTOMER SERVICE</h4>
            <div>
                <ul>

                    <li>
                        
                        <a 
                        
                        
                                href="https://www.chegg.com/contactus/"
                            data-log="customer-service"
                        >Customer Service</a>
                    </li>

                    <li>
                        
                        <a 
                        
                        
                            href="&#109;&#97;&#105;&#108;&#116;&#111;&#58;&#100;&#97;&#110;&#108;&#114;&#64;&#99;&#104;&#101;&#103;&#103;&#46;&#99;&#111;&#109;"
                            rel="nofollow"
                            data-log="give-us-feedback"
                        >Give Us Feedback</a>
                    </li>

                    <li>
                        
                        <a 
                        
                        
                                href="https://www.chegg.com/contactus/#/path/Chegg-Tutors/I-m-a-Student-Parent/"
                            data-log="help-with-chegg-tutors"
                        >Help with Chegg Tutors</a>
                    </li>

                    <li>
                        
                        <a 
                        
                        
                                href="https://www.chegg.com/contactus/#/path/eTextbooks/"
                            data-log="help-with-etextbooks"
                        >Help with eTextbooks</a>
                    </li>

                    <li>
                        
                        <a 
                        
                        
                                href="https://www.chegg.com/contactus/#/path/Writing/How-to-Use-Writing/"
                            data-log="help-to-use-easybib-plus"
                        >Help to use EasyBib Plus</a>
                    </li>

                    <li>
                        
                        <a 
                        
                        
                                href="https://www.chegg.com/contactus/#/path/Chegg-Study/Managing-My-Membership/"
                            data-log="manage-chegg-study-subscription"
                        >Manage Chegg Study Subscription</a>
                    </li>

                    <li>
                        
                        <a 
                        aria-label="Text Books Grouping, Return Your Books"
                        
                                href="https://www.chegg.com/returnbooks/"
                            rel="nofollow"
                            data-log="return-your-books"
                        >Return Your Books</a>
                    </li>

                    <li>
                        
                        <a 
                        
                        
                                href="https://www.chegg.com/contactus/#/path/Textbooks/Returns/"
                            data-log="textbook-return-policy"
                        >Textbook Return Policy</a>
                    </li>
                </ul>
            </div>
        </div>
    </nav>
    <div class="footer-content" role="contentinfo" data-background-src="//c.cheggcdn.com/assets/site/images/footer-left.svg">
        <div class="chg-footer-copyright">
            <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.paypal.com" data-noajax="true"><img
                    data-img-src="//c.cheggcdn.com/images/paypal_logo.gif" alt="Paypal verified"/></a>
            <a rel="nofollow"
               href="http://www.bbb.org/sanjose/business-reviews/books-textbooks-new-and-used/cheggcom-in-santa-clara-ca-238456"
               data-noajax="true"><img data-img-src="//c.cheggcdn.com/images/bbbseal1.gif" alt="Better Business Bureau Seal"/></a>
            <img class="img-chg-plant-tree" alt="Over 6 million trees planted by Chegg"
                 data-img-src="//c.cheggcdn.com/assets/site/images/lockup-CFG-treesplanted-comp.jpg"/>
            <p>&#169; 2003-2020 Chegg Inc. All rights reserved.</p>
        </div>
    </div>
</div>
<script>window.oc=window.oc||{};oc.renderedComponents=oc.renderedComponents||{};oc.renderedComponents["chegg-footer"]="2.9.0";</script></oc-component>
        </div>
</div>


        <script src="//c.cheggcdn.com/_r/9b0a6a50679e58d23991e06e98aaeac7.js"></script>

        <script src="//c.cheggcdn.com/_r/2f25f59280b970132f934f4c13e3aaa0.js" defer></script>

<script type="text/javascript">
    window._searchInitialState = {"configs":{"environment":"prod","token":"d71aa435496c6e4353b8526af8bc7a17","season":"RM","location":"CS","pageName":"Chegg Study Homepage","isMobile":false,"userUuid":null,"autosuggest":{"uniqueId":"header-autosuggest","profile":"federated-reroute-auto","placeholder":"Find solutions for your homework or get textbooks"}}} || {};
</script>

<script src="//components.cheggcdn.com/components/oc-client/0.42.16/src/oc-client.min.js" defer></script>
<!-- Setup OC properly -->

    <script>
      C('global');
      C.global.cachedJS["//c.cheggcdn.com/_r/9b0a6a50679e58d23991e06e98aaeac7.js"] = true
C.global.cachedJS["//c.cheggcdn.com/_r/2f25f59280b970132f934f4c13e3aaa0.js"] = true;

      C.global.csrfToken = 'd71aa435496c6e4353b8526af8bc7a17';
C.global.staticBaseUrl = 'https://c.cheggcdn.com/';
C.global.assetUrl = 'https://c.cheggcdn.com/assets/';
C.global.coversBaseUrl = '//cs.cheggcdn.com/';
C.global.cheggSiteUrl = 'https://www.chegg.com/';
C.global.cheggSiteSecureUrl = 'https://www.chegg.com/';
C.global.errorImage = '//cs.cheggcdn.com/covers2/imagenalarge.gif';
C.global.liveSiteUrl = 'https://www.chegg.com/';
C.global.tutorsCdnUrl = '//d3uhujs20ekyp2.cloudfront.net/tutors/';
C.global.cookieDomain = '.chegg.com';
C.global.cookieCategories = '{"necessary": "restart_success,chgcsastoken,hwh_order_ref,as_ref,cs_practice_subj,cs_practice_topic"}';
C.global.cookieLazyBlock = false;
C.global.hasEverLoggedIn = '';
C.global.isTest = false;
C.global.isDev = false;

    C.global.userId = "";

C.global.userFirstName = '';
C.global.userLastName =  '';
C.global.userEmail =     '';
C.global.userAvatar =    '';
C.global.userUuid =      '';
C.global.hasHwhSubscription = false;
C.global.hwhSubscriptionStatus = '';
C.global.beacon = false;
C.global.disableErrorhandling = false;
C.global.version = '3.0';
C.global.facebookAppId = '107051471700';
C('logger');
C.logger.loadTime=1592887206.1592;
C.logger.pageTrackId='f0567ef332aa18d39a0c2977bc72dfb1';
C.global.showViewMobileSiteButton = false;
C.global.hasHiddenSearchBox = true;
C.global.tbResults = 'ten_results';
C.global.minicart = false;
C.global.instaEdu = true;
C.global.uuidChecksum = '';
C('global.cs');
C.global.clusterPrefix = 'study';
C.global.myAccountV2 = true;
C.global.priceMatchGuarantee = false;
C.global.navigationOptimization = true;
C.global.stickyAds = true;
C.global.webConstellation  = true;
C.global.ajaxPageLoading = false;
C.global.gptLoadsEarlier = true;
C.global.adsRenderEarlier = false;
C.global.adsDebugging = false;
C.global.stickyCoupon  = false;
C.global.searchStudySuggester  = false;
C.global.adsFree  = false;
C.global.labelUpdate  = true;
C.global.sbmDfpExp = 4648849;
C.global.study1ClickCvvExp = false;
C.global.pdpDisableAtcBtn = true;
C.global.pdpLoadingIndicator = true;
C.global.pdpLoadingIndicatorMsg = '';
C.global.authAdsPxBbotscoreThreshold = '60';
C.global.authAdsIvtAdTargetingEnable = 'true';
C.global.heartbeatSwitch = 'true';
C.global.heartbeatExp  = false;
C.global.heartbeatURL  = 'https://heartbeat-gateway.cheggnet.com/green';
C.global.season = 'rm-summer';
	C.global.crazyEggActive = 'CSHP Variant A';
	var CE_SNAPSHOT_NAME = 'CSHP Variant A';
	C.global.googleAnalyticsActive = 'true';
	C.global.feedBackiFyActive = true;
	C.global.nanoRepActive = true;
		C.global.nanoRepExtraActive = {};
			    C.global.doubleClickActive = true;
		C.global.doubleClickActiveExtra = {};
	      $(function() {
        C.global.pageObject = (function(){
    return new C.page.homeworkhelp_cshp({"page":"study","postQuestion":null,"subPage":null,"defaultHeaderTab":null,"instaEduTopSubjects":"[{\"name\":\"Computer Science\",\"id\":414, \"url\": \"Computer-Science\"},{\"name\":\"Economics\",\"id\":550, \"url\":\"Economics\"},{\"name\":\"Writing\",\"id\":517, \"url\":\"Writing\"},{\"name\":\"Statistics\",\"id\":226, \"url\":\"Statistics\"}]","tweets_content_link":"\/\/js.cheggcdn.com\/study\/tweets.json","tutorTrialAmt":"Try it free","priceTest":{"control":1,"P15":0,"P17":0,"CS_ONLY":0,"CSP_ONLY":0,"CSP_CHOICE_15":0,"CSP_CHOICE_17":0,"CSP_CHOICE_20":0,"SIBC_TEST":0,"monthly-only":1,"swap-side":0},"hasFreeTrial":false,"pricePoint":"control","getExperimentCSHP":false,"expressCheckout":null,"cheggStudyAuthProfile":"simplifiedstudy","relatedQuestionDisplayFlag":null,"resumeSub":false,"latestSubscriptionData":[],"hasPausedSubscription":null,"isFbaEnabled":false,"hasHWHSubscription":false,"enableCKEditorNewVersion":"1","tutorConnectionsCount":0,"renderTutorsSection":true,"showResubscribeModal":false,"latestPaymentInfo":null,"ctaText":"Try Chegg Study","footerCtaText":"Get better grades","recentQuestions":[{"body":"A financial institution has just sold European put options on the Sterling pound which matures in nine months. Suppose that the spot exchange rate is 1.45 dollars per Sterling pound, the exercise price is 1.55 dollars per Sterling pound, and assuming continuous compounding, the risk-free interest rate in the United States is 5% per annum, the risk-free interest rate in Britain is 6% per annum, and the volatility of the exchange rate is 30% per annum. (b) Use part (a) and a three-step binomial tree to find the price of the European put option. (c) If the put option is American find the optimal time step to exercise the option. ","url":"\/homework-help\/questions-and-answers\/financial-institution-sold-european-put-options-sterling-pound-matures-nine-months-suppose-q52570858"},{"body":"HC Code Problem Calculate a distance between two points in various metric spaces. You can use the Euclidean distance which is defined by the following formula: d(x,y) where N is a dimension of the space. Use this knowledge to calculate distance in various metric spaces represented by various data types: Real, Complex, and Vector3D that have the common base class VectorSpace Resources \u2022 F# Language Reference: Classes \u2022 F# Language Reference: Abstract Classes \u2022 F# Language Reference: Inheritance \u2022 F# for fun and profit: Classes \u2022 F# for fun and profit: Inheritance and abstract classes \u2022 F# Language Reference: Properties \u2022 F# Language Reference: Indexed Properties Solution You are provided with an abstract class VectorSpace that has two abstract members: In (1): [<Abstractclass> type VectorSpace() abstract Dimensions i int \/\/ read-only property abstract Item : int -> float with get \/\/ indexed property Write a Real class derived from the Vector Space abstract base class, and implement all abstract members. . You cannot change constructor parameters, and add additional members. ","url":"\/homework-help\/questions-and-answers\/hc-code-problem-calculate-distance-two-points-various-metric-spaces-use-euclidean-distance-q52572150"},{"body":"a. Using the AD-AS, MD-MS, AE, and PC models, show the Canadian economy with the following conditions \u2022 Real GDP - $1T Interest Rate - 1% \u2022 Price Level - 150 \u2022 Natural Rate of Unemployment -6% \u2022 Money Supply - $100B . Potential GDP - $1T Inflation Rate - 0.5% Draw the graphs from this question using the whiteboard below. Label each curve with initials, but no subscript, ex. Money supply curve should be labelled as \"MS\". Do not move on to the next question until the status at the bottom of the whiteboard shows \"Uploaded successfully\". Be advised that only what is shown IN the box will be saved. Zoom out of what you have drawn to have it all saved. (4) b. Suppose that six months later, the Canadian economy is experiencing stagflation. Using the same graphs from part a., show how the economy moved to this position (label each new curve with initials and the number 1, ex. If there is a new AE curve, label it \"AE1\"). (4) Then, briefly describe in the textbox below the effects increase, decrease, or no change) on: RGDP, IR, PL, NRU, unemployment, inflation consumption and investment (4) c. Suppose that in response to the stagflation, the Government of Canada takes action to smooth the business cycle. Using the same graphs again, show how the economy responds to this action (label each new curve with initials and \"G\", ex. If there is another new AE curve, label it \"AEG\"). (3) Then, briefly describe in the textbox below, the effects (increase, decrease, or no change) of the Government's action on: RGDP, IR, PL, NRU, unemployment, inflation, consumption and investment (4) d. If the Bank of Canada took action in response to the stagflation, rather than the Government, using the same graphs again, show how the economy would respond economy (label each new curve with initials and \"B\", ex. If there is another new AE curve, label it \"AEB\"). (3) e. Provide two strong (but brief) arguments for why it is better for the Bank of Canada to fight stagflation, and two strong (but brief) arguments for why it is better for the Government to fight stagflation, in the textbox below. (2) f.Is it better to have neither the Bank of Canada nor the Government of Canada take action in response to the stagflation? Briefly explain why or why not in the textbox below? (2) \r\nDraw the graphs for question 7 below. Do not move onto the next question until status at the bottom of the whiteboard shows Uploaded Successfully\". Be advised that only what is shown IN the box will be saved. Zoom out of what you have drawn to have it all saved. ","url":"\/homework-help\/questions-and-answers\/-using-ad-md-ms-ae-pc-models-show-canadian-economy-following-conditions-real-gdp-1t-intere-q52572758"},{"body":"Question 4. a) In assemblers, the DUP operator assists in allocating data to memory. What is the kev role of the DUP operator in assemblers? b) State and explain the outputs from the following DUP operation i) a db 100 dup(?) b db 3 dup(\u201cHo\u201d) iii) c db 2 dup('a', 2 dup('b')) mov c) The ADD and SUB operators affect all the status flags according to the result of the operation. Give the outputs of the following sequential operations in assembly language and determine whether overflow flag (OF) or carry flag (CF) will be signaled. al, OFFh add al, al, 7Fh add al, al, 80h add al, 80h mov mov ","url":"\/homework-help\/questions-and-answers\/question-4-assemblers-dup-operator-assists-allocating-data-memory-kev-role-dup-operator-as-q52573833"},{"body":"Name Employee [x Employee ID f L name Phone Email Tutee Tulce_ID(FK Address Tutor Tulon To (Ex) Hour Rate Total amount Title + Counse Tutor ID(FK) Course Visit Date of visit Time in Time out Counse (FK) Tutel ID (FK) Book |x Book IO Title Course (FR) Author Book ID(Ex) Author Gadgets *serid Number Name Manufacture Type Title 10(FK) ","url":"\/homework-help\/questions-and-answers\/name-employee-x-employee-id-f-l-name-phone-email-tutee-tulceid-fk-address-tutor-tulon-ex-h-q52577798"},{"body":"Membership type Standard Total monthly purchase ($) Less than 75 75-149.99 150 and over Reward points 5% of the total monthly purchase 7.5% of the total monthly purchase 10% of the total monthly purchase 6% of the total monthly purchase 13% of the total monthly purchase Plus Less than 150 150 and over Less than 200 200 and over Premium 4% of the total monthly purchase 15% of the total monthly purchase ","url":"\/homework-help\/questions-and-answers\/local-department-store-wants-c-program-displays-number-reward-points-customer-earns-month--q52578619"},{"body":"IGM Realty had stock prices of $33, $33, $38, $36, and $28 at the end of the last five quarters respectively. If IGM pays a dividend of $0.9 at the end of each quarter, what is the annual realized return on IGM? Quarter Price Dividend 0 $33 $0.9 $33 $0.9 2 $38 $0.9 $36 $0.9 4 $28 $0.9 1 Select one: O a.-15.15% Ob.-5.60% Oc.-0.50 O d.-2.01% ","url":"\/homework-help\/questions-and-answers\/igm-realty-stock-prices-33-33-38-36-28-end-last-five-quarters-respectively-igm-pays-divide-q52578778"},{"body":"2. What are the goverring equationfor an Euler-Bernoulli beam subjected to distributed and concentrated transverse loads in the ig axis? (4 points) What are the boundary conditions for the beam shown below? 6 point) i, i *M L ","url":"\/homework-help\/questions-and-answers\/2-goverring-equationfor-euler-bernoulli-beam-subjected-distributed-concentrated-transverse-q52579401"},{"body":"Child diddo PM Homework: Section 9.2 Save Score: 0 of 1 pt 2 of 4 (0 complete) HW Score: 0%, 0 of 4 pts ari 9.2.30 Question Help A survey was conducted that asked 1017 people how many books they had read in the past year. Results indicated that x = 10.1 books and s = 16.6 books. Construct a 99% confidence interval for the mean number of books people read. Interpret the interval. Click the icon to view the table of critical t-values. Construct a 99% confidence interval for the mean number of books people read and interpret the result. Select the correct choice below and fill in the answer boxes to complete your choice. (Use ascending order. Round to two decimal places as needed.) AL O There is 99% confidence that the population mean number of books read is between and OB. There is a 99% probability that the true mean number of books read is between OC. It repeated samples are taken, 99% of them will have a sample mean between bok Plan and and bool Tunch ter C + Is for 5 Itimedi Click to select and enter your answer(s) and then click Check Answer All parts showing Clear All Check Answer rchase ","url":"\/homework-help\/questions-and-answers\/child-diddo-pm-homework-section-92-save-score-0-1-pt-2-4-0-complete-hw-score-0-0-4-pts-ari-q52580081"},{"body":"MOLE RATIOS IN CHEMICAL EQUATIONS PRELAB QUESTIONS NAME When chromium metal is added to copper sulfate, there are two possible reactions: (a) Cr + Cuso CSO. + Cu (b) 2Cr + 3CuSO. Cry(SO4)3 + 3C 1. THEORETICAL RATIOS, GIVEN BY EQUATION What is the ratio of moles Cr to moles Cu shown in equation (a)? Express this fraction, moles Cr divided by moles Cu. Do the division and express the number to three significant figures as a What is the ratio of moles Crto moles Cu shown in equation (b)? Express this ratio as a fraction, moles Cr divided by moles Cu. Do the division and express the number to three significant figures 2. EXPERIMENTAL RATIO 1.50 g of chromium is added to a solution of Cuso. 2.75 g of Cu were formed. Calculate moles of chromium. Calculate moles of copper. Divide moles Cr by moles Cu, expressing the ratio to three significant figures. SHOW ALL WORK Compare to part 1. Which reaction occurred, (a) or (b)? 99. \r\nWhat is the ratio of moles Cr to moles Cu shown in equation (b)? Express this ratio as a fraction, moles Cr divided by moles Cu. Do the division and express the number to three significant figures. 2. EXPERIMENTAL RATIO 1.50 g of chromium is added to a solution of CuSO4. 2.75 g of Cu were formed. Calculate moles of chromium. Calculate moles of copper. Divide moles Cr by moles Cu, expressing the ratio to three significant figures. SHOW ALL WORK. Compare to part 1. Which reaction occurred, (a) or (b)? 63 ","url":"\/homework-help\/questions-and-answers\/mole-ratios-chemical-equations-prelab-questions-name-chromium-metal-added-copper-sulfate-t-q52580144"}],"tutorUrl":"\/tutors","subjects":[{"id":1,"name":"Math","parentSubjectId":null,"childSubjects":[{"id":27,"name":"Algebra","parentSubjectId":1,"childSubjects":[],"category":"quantitative","ordinal":16,"iconId":"18"},{"id":29,"name":"Calculus","parentSubjectId":1,"childSubjects":[],"category":"quantitative","ordinal":22,"iconId":"29"},{"id":31,"name":"Statistics and Probability","parentSubjectId":1,"childSubjects":[],"category":"quantitative","ordinal":24,"iconId":"07"},{"id":33,"name":"Advanced Math","parentSubjectId":1,"childSubjects":[],"category":"quantitative","ordinal":26,"iconId":"29"},{"id":35,"name":"Other Math","parentSubjectId":1,"childSubjects":[],"category":"quantitative","ordinal":38,"iconId":"29"},{"id":63,"name":"Geometry","parentSubjectId":1,"childSubjects":[],"category":"quantitative","ordinal":14,"iconId":"18"},{"id":65,"name":"Trigonometry","parentSubjectId":1,"childSubjects":[],"category":"quantitative","ordinal":18,"iconId":"18"},{"id":67,"name":"Prealgebra","parentSubjectId":1,"childSubjects":[],"category":"quantitative","ordinal":12,"iconId":"18"},{"id":69,"name":"Precalculus","parentSubjectId":1,"childSubjects":[],"category":"quantitative","ordinal":20,"iconId":"29"}],"category":"quantitative","ordinal":10,"iconId":null,"url":"\/homework-help\/math","subSubjects":[{"name":"Algebra","url":"\/homework-help\/math-algebra-s27"},{"name":"Calculus","url":"\/homework-help\/math-calculus-s29"},{"name":"Statistics and Probability","url":"\/homework-help\/math-statistics-and-probability-s31"},{"name":"Advanced Math","url":"\/homework-help\/math-advanced-math-s33"},{"name":"Other Math","url":"\/homework-help\/math-other-math-s35"},{"name":"Geometry","url":"\/homework-help\/math-geometry-s63"},{"name":"Trigonometry","url":"\/homework-help\/math-trigonometry-s65"},{"name":"Prealgebra","url":"\/homework-help\/math-prealgebra-s67"},{"name":"Precalculus","url":"\/homework-help\/math-precalculus-s69"}]},{"id":4,"name":"Electrical Engineering","parentSubjectId":null,"childSubjects":[{"id":99,"name":"Circuits","parentSubjectId":4,"childSubjects":[],"category":"none","ordinal":200,"iconId":null},{"id":125,"name":"Digital Signal Processing","parentSubjectId":4,"childSubjects":[],"category":"none","ordinal":200,"iconId":null},{"id":213,"name":"Electromagnetic Theory","parentSubjectId":4,"childSubjects":[],"category":"none","ordinal":200,"iconId":null},{"id":107,"name":"Communications","parentSubjectId":4,"childSubjects":[],"category":"none","ordinal":200,"iconId":null},{"id":129,"name":"Electric Circuits","parentSubjectId":4,"childSubjects":[],"category":"none","ordinal":200,"iconId":null},{"id":111,"name":"Control Theory","parentSubjectId":4,"childSubjects":[],"category":"none","ordinal":200,"iconId":null},{"id":175,"name":"Signal Theory","parentSubjectId":4,"childSubjects":[],"category":"none","ordinal":200,"iconId":null},{"id":77,"name":"Analog Circuits","parentSubjectId":4,"childSubjects":[],"category":"none","ordinal":200,"iconId":null},{"id":123,"name":"Digital Circuits","parentSubjectId":4,"childSubjects":[],"category":"none","ordinal":200,"iconId":null},{"id":212,"name":"Engineering Measurements","parentSubjectId":4,"childSubjects":[],"category":"none","ordinal":200,"iconId":null}],"category":"quantitative","ordinal":66,"iconId":"11","url":"\/homework-help\/electrical-engineering","subSubjects":[{"name":"Circuits","url":"\/homework-help\/electrical-engineering-circuits-s99"},{"name":"Digital Signal Processing","url":"\/homework-help\/electrical-engineering-digital-signal-processing-s125"},{"name":"Electromagnetic Theory","url":"\/homework-help\/electrical-engineering-electromagnetic-theory-s213"},{"name":"Communications","url":"\/homework-help\/electrical-engineering-communications-s107"},{"name":"Electric Circuits","url":"\/homework-help\/electrical-engineering-electric-circuits-s129"},{"name":"Control Theory","url":"\/homework-help\/electrical-engineering-control-theory-s111"},{"name":"Signal Theory","url":"\/homework-help\/electrical-engineering-signal-theory-s175"},{"name":"Analog Circuits","url":"\/homework-help\/electrical-engineering-analog-circuits-s77"},{"name":"Digital Circuits","url":"\/homework-help\/electrical-engineering-digital-circuits-s123"},{"name":"Engineering Measurements","url":"\/homework-help\/electrical-engineering-engineering-measurements-s212"}]},{"id":6,"name":"Chemistry","parentSubjectId":null,"childSubjects":[{"id":143,"name":"General Chemistry","parentSubjectId":6,"childSubjects":[],"category":"none","ordinal":200,"iconId":null},{"id":214,"name":"Environmental Chemistry","parentSubjectId":6,"childSubjects":[],"category":"none","ordinal":200,"iconId":null},{"id":149,"name":"Inorganic Chemistry","parentSubjectId":6,"childSubjects":[],"category":"none","ordinal":200,"iconId":null},{"id":81,"name":"Analytical Chemistry","parentSubjectId":6,"childSubjects":[],"category":"none","ordinal":200,"iconId":null},{"id":167,"name":"Organic Chemistry","parentSubjectId":6,"childSubjects":[],"category":"none","ordinal":200,"iconId":null},{"id":97,"name":"Chemical Engineering","parentSubjectId":6,"childSubjects":[],"category":"none","ordinal":200,"iconId":null},{"id":169,"name":"Physical Chemistry","parentSubjectId":6,"childSubjects":[],"category":"none","ordinal":200,"iconId":null}],"category":"quantitative","ordinal":46,"iconId":"10","url":"\/homework-help\/chemistry","subSubjects":[{"name":"General Chemistry","url":"\/homework-help\/chemistry-general-chemistry-s143"},{"name":"Environmental Chemistry","url":"\/homework-help\/chemistry-environmental-chemistry-s214"},{"name":"Inorganic Chemistry","url":"\/homework-help\/chemistry-inorganic-chemistry-s149"},{"name":"Analytical Chemistry","url":"\/homework-help\/chemistry-analytical-chemistry-s81"},{"name":"Organic Chemistry","url":"\/homework-help\/chemistry-organic-chemistry-s167"},{"name":"Chemical Engineering","url":"\/homework-help\/chemistry-chemical-engineering-s97"},{"name":"Physical Chemistry","url":"\/homework-help\/chemistry-physical-chemistry-s169"}]},{"id":8,"name":"Civil Engineering","parentSubjectId":null,"childSubjects":[{"id":185,"name":"Structural Design","parentSubjectId":8,"childSubjects":[],"category":"none","ordinal":200,"iconId":null},{"id":79,"name":"Analysis of Structures","parentSubjectId":8,"childSubjects":[],"category":"none","ordinal":200,"iconId":null},{"id":215,"name":"Environmental Science &amp; Engg","parentSubjectId":8,"childSubjects":[],"category":"none","ordinal":200,"iconId":null},{"id":89,"name":"Building Materials and Theory of Constructions","parentSubjectId":8,"childSubjects":[],"category":"none","ordinal":200,"iconId":null},{"id":216,"name":"Hydrology and Hydraulics Systems","parentSubjectId":8,"childSubjects":[],"category":"none","ordinal":200,"iconId":null},{"id":137,"name":"Fluid Mechanics","parentSubjectId":8,"childSubjects":[],"category":"none","ordinal":200,"iconId":null}],"category":"quantitative","ordinal":72,"iconId":"05","url":"\/homework-help\/civil-engineering","subSubjects":[{"name":"Structural Design","url":"\/homework-help\/civil-engineering-structural-design-s185"},{"name":"Analysis of Structures","url":"\/homework-help\/civil-engineering-analysis-of-structures-s79"},{"name":"Environmental Science &amp; Engg","url":"\/homework-help\/civil-engineering-environmental-science-engg-s215"},{"name":"Building Materials and Theory of Constructions","url":"\/homework-help\/civil-engineering-building-materials-and-theory-of-constructions-s89"},{"name":"Hydrology and Hydraulics Systems","url":"\/homework-help\/civil-engineering-hydrology-and-hydraulics-systems-s216"},{"name":"Fluid Mechanics","url":"\/homework-help\/civil-engineering-fluid-mechanics-s137"}]},{"id":14,"name":"Biology","parentSubjectId":null,"childSubjects":[{"id":141,"name":"General Biology","parentSubjectId":14,"childSubjects":[],"category":"none","ordinal":200,"iconId":null},{"id":220,"name":"Nutrition","parentSubjectId":14,"childSubjects":[],"category":"none","ordinal":200,"iconId":null},{"id":197,"name":"Zoology","parentSubjectId":14,"childSubjects":[],"category":"none","ordinal":200,"iconId":null},{"id":87,"name":"Biochemistry","parentSubjectId":14,"childSubjects":[],"category":"none","ordinal":200,"iconId":null},{"id":218,"name":"Evolutionary Biology","parentSubjectId":14,"childSubjects":[],"category":"none","ordinal":200,"iconId":null},{"id":95,"name":"Cell Biology","parentSubjectId":14,"childSubjects":[],"category":"none","ordinal":200,"iconId":null},{"id":219,"name":"Immunology","parentSubjectId":14,"childSubjects":[],"category":"none","ordinal":200,"iconId":null}],"category":"quantitative","ordinal":49,"iconId":"25","url":"\/homework-help\/biology","subSubjects":[{"name":"General Biology","url":"\/homework-help\/biology-general-biology-s141"},{"name":"Nutrition","url":"\/homework-help\/biology-nutrition-s220"},{"name":"Zoology","url":"\/homework-help\/biology-zoology-s197"},{"name":"Biochemistry","url":"\/homework-help\/biology-biochemistry-s87"},{"name":"Evolutionary Biology","url":"\/homework-help\/biology-evolutionary-biology-s218"},{"name":"Cell Biology","url":"\/homework-help\/biology-cell-biology-s95"},{"name":"Immunology","url":"\/homework-help\/biology-immunology-s219"}]},{"id":15,"name":"Science","parentSubjectId":null,"childSubjects":[{"id":2,"name":"Physics","parentSubjectId":15,"childSubjects":[{"id":93,"name":"Calculus Based Physics","parentSubjectId":2,"childSubjects":[],"category":"none","ordinal":200,"iconId":null},{"id":159,"name":"Modern Physics","parentSubjectId":2,"childSubjects":[],"category":"none","ordinal":200,"iconId":null},{"id":189,"name":"Thermodynamics","parentSubjectId":2,"childSubjects":[],"category":"none","ordinal":200,"iconId":null},{"id":103,"name":"Classical Physics","parentSubjectId":2,"childSubjects":[],"category":"none","ordinal":200,"iconId":null},{"id":165,"name":"Optics","parentSubjectId":2,"childSubjects":[],"category":"none","ordinal":200,"iconId":null},{"id":131,"name":"Electromagnetic Theory","parentSubjectId":2,"childSubjects":[],"category":"none","ordinal":200,"iconId":null},{"id":173,"name":"Quantum Physics","parentSubjectId":2,"childSubjects":[],"category":"none","ordinal":200,"iconId":null},{"id":75,"name":"Algebra Based Physics","parentSubjectId":2,"childSubjects":[],"category":"none","ordinal":200,"iconId":null},{"id":145,"name":"General Physics","parentSubjectId":2,"childSubjects":[],"category":"none","ordinal":200,"iconId":null},{"id":181,"name":"Solid State Physics","parentSubjectId":2,"childSubjects":[],"category":"none","ordinal":200,"iconId":null}],"category":"quantitative","ordinal":43,"iconId":"21"},{"id":6,"name":"Chemistry","parentSubjectId":15,"childSubjects":[{"id":143,"name":"General Chemistry","parentSubjectId":6,"childSubjects":[],"category":"none","ordinal":200,"iconId":null},{"id":214,"name":"Environmental Chemistry","parentSubjectId":6,"childSubjects":[],"category":"none","ordinal":200,"iconId":null},{"id":149,"name":"Inorganic Chemistry","parentSubjectId":6,"childSubjects":[],"category":"none","ordinal":200,"iconId":null},{"id":81,"name":"Analytical Chemistry","parentSubjectId":6,"childSubjects":[],"category":"none","ordinal":200,"iconId":null},{"id":167,"name":"Organic Chemistry","parentSubjectId":6,"childSubjects":[],"category":"none","ordinal":200,"iconId":null},{"id":97,"name":"Chemical Engineering","parentSubjectId":6,"childSubjects":[],"category":"none","ordinal":200,"iconId":null},{"id":169,"name":"Physical Chemistry","parentSubjectId":6,"childSubjects":[],"category":"none","ordinal":200,"iconId":null}],"category":"quantitative","ordinal":46,"iconId":"10"},{"id":14,"name":"Biology","parentSubjectId":15,"childSubjects":[{"id":141,"name":"General Biology","parentSubjectId":14,"childSubjects":[],"category":"none","ordinal":200,"iconId":null},{"id":220,"name":"Nutrition","parentSubjectId":14,"childSubjects":[],"category":"none","ordinal":200,"iconId":null},{"id":197,"name":"Zoology","parentSubjectId":14,"childSubjects":[],"category":"none","ordinal":200,"iconId":null},{"id":87,"name":"Biochemistry","parentSubjectId":14,"childSubjects":[],"category":"none","ordinal":200,"iconId":null},{"id":218,"name":"Evolutionary Biology","parentSubjectId":14,"childSubjects":[],"category":"none","ordinal":200,"iconId":null},{"id":95,"name":"Cell Biology","parentSubjectId":14,"childSubjects":[],"category":"none","ordinal":200,"iconId":null},{"id":219,"name":"Immunology","parentSubjectId":14,"childSubjects":[],"category":"none","ordinal":200,"iconId":null}],"category":"quantitative","ordinal":49,"iconId":"25"},{"id":203,"name":"Earth Sciences","parentSubjectId":15,"childSubjects":[],"category":"quantitative","ordinal":200,"iconId":"24"},{"id":204,"name":"Advanced Physics","parentSubjectId":15,"childSubjects":[],"category":"quantitative","ordinal":200,"iconId":"21"},{"id":206,"name":"Nursing","parentSubjectId":15,"childSubjects":[],"category":"none","ordinal":200,"iconId":null},{"id":207,"name":"Anatomy and Physiology","parentSubjectId":15,"childSubjects":[],"category":"none","ordinal":200,"iconId":null}],"category":"quantitative","ordinal":40,"iconId":null,"topLevelSubjectChildren":[{"id":2,"name":"Physics","parentSubjectId":15,"childSubjects":[{"id":93,"name":"Calculus Based Physics","parentSubjectId":2,"childSubjects":[],"category":"none","ordinal":200,"iconId":null},{"id":159,"name":"Modern Physics","parentSubjectId":2,"childSubjects":[],"category":"none","ordinal":200,"iconId":null},{"id":189,"name":"Thermodynamics","parentSubjectId":2,"childSubjects":[],"category":"none","ordinal":200,"iconId":null},{"id":103,"name":"Classical Physics","parentSubjectId":2,"childSubjects":[],"category":"none","ordinal":200,"iconId":null},{"id":165,"name":"Optics","parentSubjectId":2,"childSubjects":[],"category":"none","ordinal":200,"iconId":null},{"id":131,"name":"Electromagnetic Theory","parentSubjectId":2,"childSubjects":[],"category":"none","ordinal":200,"iconId":null},{"id":173,"name":"Quantum Physics","parentSubjectId":2,"childSubjects":[],"category":"none","ordinal":200,"iconId":null},{"id":75,"name":"Algebra Based Physics","parentSubjectId":2,"childSubjects":[],"category":"none","ordinal":200,"iconId":null},{"id":145,"name":"General Physics","parentSubjectId":2,"childSubjects":[],"category":"none","ordinal":200,"iconId":null},{"id":181,"name":"Solid State Physics","parentSubjectId":2,"childSubjects":[],"category":"none","ordinal":200,"iconId":null}],"category":"quantitative","ordinal":43,"iconId":"21","parentSubject":{"id":15,"name":"Science"}}],"url":"\/homework-help\/science","topLevelChildSubjects":[{"name":"Physics","url":"\/homework-help\/science-physics-s2","subSubjects":"Calculus Based Physics, Modern Physics, Therm..."}]},{"id":18,"name":"Business","parentSubjectId":null,"childSubjects":[{"id":11,"name":"Finance","parentSubjectId":18,"childSubjects":[],"category":"quantitative","ordinal":82,"iconId":"14"},{"id":12,"name":"Economics","parentSubjectId":18,"childSubjects":[],"category":"quantitative","ordinal":84,"iconId":"02"},{"id":37,"name":"Accounting","parentSubjectId":18,"childSubjects":[],"category":"quantitative","ordinal":86,"iconId":"09"},{"id":202,"name":"Operations Management","parentSubjectId":18,"childSubjects":[],"category":"quantitative","ordinal":200,"iconId":"09"}],"category":"quantitative","ordinal":80,"iconId":null,"url":"\/homework-help\/business","subSubjects":[{"name":"Finance","url":"\/homework-help\/business-finance-s11"},{"name":"Economics","url":"\/homework-help\/business-economics-s12"},{"name":"Accounting","url":"\/homework-help\/business-accounting-s37"},{"name":"Operations Management","url":"\/homework-help\/business-operations-management-s202"}]},{"id":25,"name":"Engineering","parentSubjectId":null,"childSubjects":[{"id":3,"name":"Computer Science","parentSubjectId":25,"childSubjects":[{"id":117,"name":"Database Systems","parentSubjectId":3,"childSubjects":[],"category":"none","ordinal":200,"iconId":null},{"id":177,"name":"Software Design","parentSubjectId":3,"childSubjects":[],"category":"none","ordinal":200,"iconId":null},{"id":85,"name":"Artificial Intelligence","parentSubjectId":3,"childSubjects":[],"category":"none","ordinal":200,"iconId":null},{"id":153,"name":"Logic Design","parentSubjectId":3,"childSubjects":[],"category":"none","ordinal":200,"iconId":null},{"id":179,"name":"Software Design &amp; Algorithms","parentSubjectId":3,"childSubjects":[],"category":"none","ordinal":200,"iconId":null},{"id":105,"name":"Communication &amp; Networking","parentSubjectId":3,"childSubjects":[],"category":"none","ordinal":200,"iconId":null},{"id":163,"name":"Operating Systems","parentSubjectId":3,"childSubjects":[],"category":"none","ordinal":200,"iconId":null},{"id":187,"name":"Theory of Computation","parentSubjectId":3,"childSubjects":[],"category":"none","ordinal":200,"iconId":null},{"id":109,"name":"Computer Architecture","parentSubjectId":3,"childSubjects":[],"category":"none","ordinal":200,"iconId":null},{"id":171,"name":"Programming","parentSubjectId":3,"childSubjects":[],"category":"none","ordinal":200,"iconId":null}],"category":"quantitative","ordinal":63,"iconId":"01"},{"id":4,"name":"Electrical Engineering","parentSubjectId":25,"childSubjects":[{"id":99,"name":"Circuits","parentSubjectId":4,"childSubjects":[],"category":"none","ordinal":200,"iconId":null},{"id":125,"name":"Digital Signal Processing","parentSubjectId":4,"childSubjects":[],"category":"none","ordinal":200,"iconId":null},{"id":213,"name":"Electromagnetic Theory","parentSubjectId":4,"childSubjects":[],"category":"none","ordinal":200,"iconId":null},{"id":107,"name":"Communications","parentSubjectId":4,"childSubjects":[],"category":"none","ordinal":200,"iconId":null},{"id":129,"name":"Electric Circuits","parentSubjectId":4,"childSubjects":[],"category":"none","ordinal":200,"iconId":null},{"id":111,"name":"Control Theory","parentSubjectId":4,"childSubjects":[],"category":"none","ordinal":200,"iconId":null},{"id":175,"name":"Signal Theory","parentSubjectId":4,"childSubjects":[],"category":"none","ordinal":200,"iconId":null},{"id":77,"name":"Analog Circuits","parentSubjectId":4,"childSubjects":[],"category":"none","ordinal":200,"iconId":null},{"id":123,"name":"Digital Circuits","parentSubjectId":4,"childSubjects":[],"category":"none","ordinal":200,"iconId":null},{"id":212,"name":"Engineering Measurements","parentSubjectId":4,"childSubjects":[],"category":"none","ordinal":200,"iconId":null}],"category":"quantitative","ordinal":66,"iconId":"11"},{"id":5,"name":"Mechanical Engineering","parentSubjectId":25,"childSubjects":[{"id":147,"name":"Heat and Mass Transfer","parentSubjectId":5,"childSubjects":[],"category":"none","ordinal":200,"iconId":null},{"id":191,"name":"Thermodynamics","parentSubjectId":5,"childSubjects":[],"category":"none","ordinal":200,"iconId":null},{"id":101,"name":"Classical Mechanics","parentSubjectId":5,"childSubjects":[],"category":"none","ordinal":200,"iconId":null},{"id":155,"name":"Machine Design","parentSubjectId":5,"childSubjects":[],"category":"none","ordinal":200,"iconId":null},{"id":217,"name":"Manufacturing Engineering","parentSubjectId":5,"childSubjects":[],"category":"none","ordinal":200,"iconId":null},{"id":135,"name":"Fluid Mechanics","parentSubjectId":5,"childSubjects":[],"category":"none","ordinal":200,"iconId":null},{"id":157,"name":"Mechanics of Materials","parentSubjectId":5,"childSubjects":[],"category":"none","ordinal":200,"iconId":null},{"id":139,"name":"Fundamentals of engineering","parentSubjectId":5,"childSubjects":[],"category":"none","ordinal":200,"iconId":null},{"id":183,"name":"Statistical Mechanics","parentSubjectId":5,"childSubjects":[],"category":"none","ordinal":200,"iconId":null}],"category":"quantitative","ordinal":69,"iconId":"28"},{"id":8,"name":"Civil Engineering","parentSubjectId":25,"childSubjects":[{"id":185,"name":"Structural Design","parentSubjectId":8,"childSubjects":[],"category":"none","ordinal":200,"iconId":null},{"id":215,"name":"Environmental Science &amp; Engg","parentSubjectId":8,"childSubjects":[],"category":"none","ordinal":200,"iconId":null},{"id":79,"name":"Analysis of Structures","parentSubjectId":8,"childSubjects":[],"category":"none","ordinal":200,"iconId":null},{"id":216,"name":"Hydrology and Hydraulics Systems","parentSubjectId":8,"childSubjects":[],"category":"none","ordinal":200,"iconId":null},{"id":89,"name":"Building Materials and Theory of Constructions","parentSubjectId":8,"childSubjects":[],"category":"none","ordinal":200,"iconId":null},{"id":137,"name":"Fluid Mechanics","parentSubjectId":8,"childSubjects":[],"category":"none","ordinal":200,"iconId":null}],"category":"quantitative","ordinal":72,"iconId":"05"},{"id":208,"name":"Chemical Engineering","parentSubjectId":25,"childSubjects":[],"category":"none","ordinal":200,"iconId":""}],"category":"quantitative","ordinal":60,"iconId":null,"topLevelSubjectChildren":[{"id":3,"name":"Computer Science","parentSubjectId":25,"childSubjects":[{"id":117,"name":"Database Systems","parentSubjectId":3,"childSubjects":[],"category":"none","ordinal":200,"iconId":null},{"id":177,"name":"Software Design","parentSubjectId":3,"childSubjects":[],"category":"none","ordinal":200,"iconId":null},{"id":85,"name":"Artificial Intelligence","parentSubjectId":3,"childSubjects":[],"category":"none","ordinal":200,"iconId":null},{"id":153,"name":"Logic Design","parentSubjectId":3,"childSubjects":[],"category":"none","ordinal":200,"iconId":null},{"id":179,"name":"Software Design &amp; Algorithms","parentSubjectId":3,"childSubjects":[],"category":"none","ordinal":200,"iconId":null},{"id":105,"name":"Communication &amp; Networking","parentSubjectId":3,"childSubjects":[],"category":"none","ordinal":200,"iconId":null},{"id":163,"name":"Operating Systems","parentSubjectId":3,"childSubjects":[],"category":"none","ordinal":200,"iconId":null},{"id":187,"name":"Theory of Computation","parentSubjectId":3,"childSubjects":[],"category":"none","ordinal":200,"iconId":null},{"id":109,"name":"Computer Architecture","parentSubjectId":3,"childSubjects":[],"category":"none","ordinal":200,"iconId":null},{"id":171,"name":"Programming","parentSubjectId":3,"childSubjects":[],"category":"none","ordinal":200,"iconId":null}],"category":"quantitative","ordinal":63,"iconId":"01","parentSubject":{"id":25,"name":"Engineering"}},{"id":5,"name":"Mechanical Engineering","parentSubjectId":25,"childSubjects":[{"id":147,"name":"Heat and Mass Transfer","parentSubjectId":5,"childSubjects":[],"category":"none","ordinal":200,"iconId":null},{"id":191,"name":"Thermodynamics","parentSubjectId":5,"childSubjects":[],"category":"none","ordinal":200,"iconId":null},{"id":101,"name":"Classical Mechanics","parentSubjectId":5,"childSubjects":[],"category":"none","ordinal":200,"iconId":null},{"id":155,"name":"Machine Design","parentSubjectId":5,"childSubjects":[],"category":"none","ordinal":200,"iconId":null},{"id":217,"name":"Manufacturing Engineering","parentSubjectId":5,"childSubjects":[],"category":"none","ordinal":200,"iconId":null},{"id":135,"name":"Fluid Mechanics","parentSubjectId":5,"childSubjects":[],"category":"none","ordinal":200,"iconId":null},{"id":157,"name":"Mechanics of Materials","parentSubjectId":5,"childSubjects":[],"category":"none","ordinal":200,"iconId":null},{"id":139,"name":"Fundamentals of engineering","parentSubjectId":5,"childSubjects":[],"category":"none","ordinal":200,"iconId":null},{"id":183,"name":"Statistical Mechanics","parentSubjectId":5,"childSubjects":[],"category":"none","ordinal":200,"iconId":null}],"category":"quantitative","ordinal":69,"iconId":"28","parentSubject":{"id":25,"name":"Engineering"}}],"url":"\/homework-help\/engineering","topLevelChildSubjects":[{"name":"Computer Science","url":"\/homework-help\/engineering-computer-science-s3","subSubjects":"Database Systems, Software Design, Artificial..."},{"name":"Mechanical Engineering","url":"\/homework-help\/engineering-mechanical-engineering-s5","subSubjects":"Heat and Mass Transfer, Thermodynamics, Class..."}]}],"showLinkFarm":true,"deepLinks":null,"isMobile":false,"redirectFromCheckout":false,"doAdobePaywall":false,"superAuthOcUrl":"\/\/registry.chegg.com\/chegg-auth\/2.2.*?client=CS&display=dialog","cshpContent":{"page_title":"Get Homework Help With Chegg Study | Chegg.com","meta_description":"Get homework help fast! Search through millions of guided step-by-step solutions or ask for help from our community of subject experts 24\/7. Try Chegg Study today!","header_title_variant1":"Everything is figureoutable - with 24\/7 homework help","header_title_variant2":"We don\u2019t do office hours. We do 24\/7 homework help.","hero_img_exp":"site\/marketing\/landing%20pages\/2019-cheggstudy\/hero-CS-desktop2.jpg","hero_img_mobile_exp":"site\/marketing\/landing%20pages\/2019-cheggstudy\/hero-CS-mobile2-comp.jpg","promotion_intro":"The homework help used by millions of students includes:","expert_qa_showcase":{"section_name":"EXPERT Q&A","title_variant1":"Ask an expert anytime ","title_variant2":"Ask all your study questions.","body_variant1":"Take a photo of your question and get personal help. With over 16 million homework solutions, you can also search our database to find similar homework problems.","body_variant2":"Get 24\/7 expert help on tough problems. It's as easy snapping a photo of your question to get personal help. With over 16 million fully solved homework solutions, you can also search our library to find similar homework problems.","claim":{"text":"EXPERT ANSWER IN AS LITTLE AS ","emphasis":"30 MIN*"},"fine_print":"* Our experts' time to answer varies by subject & question ","cta_text":"Ask a question","recent_qa":{"title":"Recently asked questions & answers","question_heading":"STUDENT QUESTION:","question_html":"Describe the motion of an object when displacement of the particle is zero at t=0s and its displacement is given by the equation","answer_heading":"CHEGG ANSWER:"}},"tbs_showcase":{"section_name":"TEXTBOOK SOLUTIONS","title":"Learn to solve your problems step-by-step","body":"Textbook Solutions will help you fully understand concepts by explaining them in detail so you can get more than just answers. Find solutions for thousands of problems in your textbooks.","cta_text":"Find your book","most_popular_tbs":{"title":"Most popular Textbook Solutions","books":[{"cover_img":"site\/marketing\/landing%20pages\/2019-cheggstudy\/img-TBS1-comp.png","href":"\/homework-help\/college-physics-0th-edition-solutions-9781938168000","title":"College Physics","edition":"1st Edition","author":"Dirks, Kim"},{"cover_img":"site\/marketing\/landing%20pages\/2019-cheggstudy\/img-TBS2-comp.png","href":"\/homework-help\/university-physics-14th-edition-solutions-9780133969290","title":"University Physics","edition":"14th Edition","author":"Freedman, Roger A."},{"cover_img":"site\/marketing\/landing%20pages\/2019-cheggstudy\/img-TBS3-comp.png","href":"\/homework-help\/chemistry-3rd-edition-solutions-9780321809247","title":"Chemistry","edition":"3rd Edition","author":"Tro, Nivaldo J."},{"cover_img":"site\/marketing\/landing%20pages\/2019-cheggstudy\/img-TBS4.png","href":"\/homework-help\/calculus-8th-edition-solutions-9781285741550","title":"Calculus","edition":"8th Edition","author":"Stewart, James"}]}},"marketing_showcase":{"app_promo":{"title":"CHEGG STUDY APP","img_asset_desktop":"site\/marketing\/landing%20pages\/2019-cheggstudy\/img-app-desktop.jpg","img_asset_mobile":"site\/marketing\/landing%20pages\/2019-cheggstudy\/img-app-mobile2.jpg","tag_line":"Study help in your pocket ","cta":"Get the app"},"twitter_promo":{"title":"CHEGG LOVE","body":"Shoutout to Chegg Study for allowing me to knockout my homework in 30 min","user_id":"@BrandonRo_15"}}}});
})();
        if(typeof C.global.pageObject.postConstruct == 'function') {
          C.global.pageObject.postConstruct();
        }
        C.global.pageOnload();

          
                });

            var cheggPixel = new Image();
      cheggPixel.src = 'https://www.chegg.com/_ajax/cheggpixel?js=1';

      window.oc = window.oc || {};
      window.oc.conf = { retryInterval: 5000, retryLimit: 3 };
            _satellite.pageBottom();
          </script>
    <noscript>
        <img src="https://www.chegg.com/_ajax/cheggpixel?ns=1" />
    </noscript>
                <!-- digitalData -->
    <script type="text/javascript">
                    if (typeof C.global.adobe === 'undefined') {
                C('global.adobe');
            }
            
                                        
                
                    if (_.isEmpty(window.digitalData)) {
                window.digitalData = {"page":{"pageInfo":{"pageName":"Chegg Study Homepage","experience":"desktop"},"category":{"primaryCategory":"Chegg","subCategory1":"Web","subCategory2":"cs","pageType":"landingPage"},"experience":"desktop"},"user":{"profile":{"authStatus":"Logged Out","profileInfo":{"segment":{"cheggStudy":{"hasAccess":false},"authStatus":"Logged Out"},"attributes":{"uvn":"ed0d37ca69456e930a9fdc2419bdc06a5ef187a601e190.83928929"}},"hasUserEverUsedFreeTutorsMinutes":false}},"context":{"geolocation":{"maxmindCountry":"{\"country_iso_code\":\"US\",\"country_name\":\"United States\",\"locale\":{\"localeCode\":[\"en-US\"]}}","Country":"united states","State":"NA","City":"NA"},"isInNativeApp":"no"},"product":[{"productInfo":{"productID":"SCP-3","stockStatus":"n\/a"}}],"profile":{"profileInfo":{"segment":{"hasUserEverUsedFreeTutorsMinutes":false}}}};
            }
                if (!_.isEmpty(window.digitalData)) {
            C.adobeAnalytics.setData(window.digitalData);
        }

            </script>

    <script type="text/javascript">window.NREUM||(NREUM={});NREUM.info={"beacon":"bam.nr-data.net","licenseKey":"1fabaefecb","applicationID":"61712648","transactionName":"NQcDYUAEXxJYUhFfXQxNIkBBEV4MFlINUR8hEQlFbSteD1RUCFRXED03XFcS","queueTime":0,"applicationTime":181,"atts":"GUAAFwgeTBw=","errorBeacon":"bam.nr-data.net","agent":""}</script></body>
</html>
