<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
    <title>Investment Calculator | Calculator.now</title>
	

	<script>
	  (function (s, t, a, y, twenty, two) {
	    s.Stay22 = s.Stay22 || {};
	    s.Stay22.params = { lmaID: '686687a01419ac5c5acc4a42' };
	    twenty = t.createElement(a);
	    two = t.getElementsByTagName(a)[0];
	    twenty.async = 1;
	    twenty.src = y;
	    two.parentNode.insertBefore(twenty, two);
	  })(window, document, 'script', 'https://scripts.stay22.com/letmeallez.js');
	</script>
	
	
	
	
	
	
	<link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="/static/apple-touch-icon.png">
	<link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="32x32" href="/static/favicon-32x32.png">
	<link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="16x16" href="/static/favicon-16x16.png">
	<link rel="icon" type="image/x-icon" href="/static/favicon.ico">
	<link rel="shortcut icon" href="/static/favicon.ico">
	<link rel="manifest" href="/static/site.webmanifest">
	
	<script async src="https://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-1439594428948409" crossorigin="anonymous"></script>
		 

	<script type="text/javascript" async src="https://wpstargastatic.ieplsg.com/targa-calculator/calculator.now/asc_prebid.js"></script>
	
	<!-- InMobi Choice. Consent Manager Tag v3.0 (for TCF 2.2) -->
	<script type="text/javascript" async=true>
	(function() {
	  var host = 'calculator.now';
	  var element = document.createElement('script');
	  var firstScript = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0];
	  var url = 'https://cmp.inmobi.com'
	    .concat('/choice/', '2MMzmDKaU6zew', '/', host, '/choice.js?tag_version=V3');
	  var uspTries = 0;
	  var uspTriesLimit = 3;
	  element.async = true;
	  element.type = 'text/javascript';
	  element.src = url;

	  firstScript.parentNode.insertBefore(element, firstScript);

	  function makeStub() {
	    var TCF_LOCATOR_NAME = '__tcfapiLocator';
	    var queue = [];
	    var win = window;
	    var cmpFrame;

	    function addFrame() {
	      var doc = win.document;
	      var otherCMP = !!(win.frames[TCF_LOCATOR_NAME]);

	      if (!otherCMP) {
	        if (doc.body) {
	          var iframe = doc.createElement('iframe');

	          iframe.style.cssText = 'display:none';
	          iframe.name = TCF_LOCATOR_NAME;
	          doc.body.appendChild(iframe);
	        } else {
	          setTimeout(addFrame, 5);
	        }
	      }
	      return !otherCMP;
	    }

	    function tcfAPIHandler() {
	      var gdprApplies;
	      var args = arguments;

	      if (!args.length) {
	        return queue;
	      } else if (args[0] === 'setGdprApplies') {
	        if (
	          args.length > 3 &&
	          args[2] === 2 &&
	          typeof args[3] === 'boolean'
	        ) {
	          gdprApplies = args[3];
	          if (typeof args[2] === 'function') {
	            args[2]('set', true);
	          }
	        }
	      } else if (args[0] === 'ping') {
	        var retr = {
	          gdprApplies: gdprApplies,
	          cmpLoaded: false,
	          cmpStatus: 'stub'
	        };

	        if (typeof args[2] === 'function') {
	          args[2](retr);
	        }
	      } else {
	        if(args[0] === 'init' && typeof args[3] === 'object') {
	          args[3] = Object.assign(args[3], { tag_version: 'V3' });
	        }
	        queue.push(args);
	      }
	    }

	    function postMessageEventHandler(event) {
	      var msgIsString = typeof event.data === 'string';
	      var json = {};

	      try {
	        if (msgIsString) {
	          json = JSON.parse(event.data);
	        } else {
	          json = event.data;
	        }
	      } catch (ignore) {}

	      var payload = json.__tcfapiCall;

	      if (payload) {
	        window.__tcfapi(
	          payload.command,
	          payload.version,
	          function(retValue, success) {
	            var returnMsg = {
	              __tcfapiReturn: {
	                returnValue: retValue,
	                success: success,
	                callId: payload.callId
	              }
	            };
	            if (msgIsString) {
	              returnMsg = JSON.stringify(returnMsg);
	            }
	            if (event && event.source && event.source.postMessage) {
	              event.source.postMessage(returnMsg, '*');
	            }
	          },
	          payload.parameter
	        );
	      }
	    }

	    while (win) {
	      try {
	        if (win.frames[TCF_LOCATOR_NAME]) {
	          cmpFrame = win;
	          break;
	        }
	      } catch (ignore) {}

	      if (win === window.top) {
	        break;
	      }
	      win = win.parent;
	    }
	    if (!cmpFrame) {
	      addFrame();
	      win.__tcfapi = tcfAPIHandler;
	      win.addEventListener('message', postMessageEventHandler, false);
	    }
	  };

	  makeStub();

	  function makeGppStub() {
	    const CMP_ID = 10;
	    const SUPPORTED_APIS = [
	      '2:tcfeuv2',
	      '6:uspv1',
	      '7:usnatv1',
	      '8:usca',
	      '9:usvav1',
	      '10:uscov1',
	      '11:usutv1',
	      '12:usctv1'
	    ];

	    window.__gpp_addFrame = function (n) {
	      if (!window.frames[n]) {
	        if (document.body) {
	          var i = document.createElement("iframe");
	          i.style.cssText = "display:none";
	          i.name = n;
	          document.body.appendChild(i);
	        } else {
	          window.setTimeout(window.__gpp_addFrame, 10, n);
	        }
	      }
	    };
	    window.__gpp_stub = function () {
	      var b = arguments;
	      __gpp.queue = __gpp.queue || [];
	      __gpp.events = __gpp.events || [];

	      if (!b.length || (b.length == 1 && b[0] == "queue")) {
	        return __gpp.queue;
	      }

	      if (b.length == 1 && b[0] == "events") {
	        return __gpp.events;
	      }

	      var cmd = b[0];
	      var clb = b.length > 1 ? b[1] : null;
	      var par = b.length > 2 ? b[2] : null;
	      if (cmd === "ping") {
	        clb(
	          {
	            gppVersion: "1.1", // must be “Version.Subversion”, current: “1.1”
	            cmpStatus: "stub", // possible values: stub, loading, loaded, error
	            cmpDisplayStatus: "hidden", // possible values: hidden, visible, disabled
	            signalStatus: "not ready", // possible values: not ready, ready
	            supportedAPIs: SUPPORTED_APIS, // list of supported APIs
	            cmpId: CMP_ID, // IAB assigned CMP ID, may be 0 during stub/loading
	            sectionList: [],
	            applicableSections: [-1],
	            gppString: "",
	            parsedSections: {},
	          },
	          true
	        );
	      } else if (cmd === "addEventListener") {
	        if (!("lastId" in __gpp)) {
	          __gpp.lastId = 0;
	        }
	        __gpp.lastId++;
	        var lnr = __gpp.lastId;
	        __gpp.events.push({
	          id: lnr,
	          callback: clb,
	          parameter: par,
	        });
	        clb(
	          {
	            eventName: "listenerRegistered",
	            listenerId: lnr, // Registered ID of the listener
	            data: true, // positive signal
	            pingData: {
	              gppVersion: "1.1", // must be “Version.Subversion”, current: “1.1”
	              cmpStatus: "stub", // possible values: stub, loading, loaded, error
	              cmpDisplayStatus: "hidden", // possible values: hidden, visible, disabled
	              signalStatus: "not ready", // possible values: not ready, ready
	              supportedAPIs: SUPPORTED_APIS, // list of supported APIs
	              cmpId: CMP_ID, // list of supported APIs
	              sectionList: [],
	              applicableSections: [-1],
	              gppString: "",
	              parsedSections: {},
	            },
	          },
	          true
	        );
	      } else if (cmd === "removeEventListener") {
	        var success = false;
	        for (var i = 0; i < __gpp.events.length; i++) {
	          if (__gpp.events[i].id == par) {
	            __gpp.events.splice(i, 1);
	            success = true;
	            break;
	          }
	        }
	        clb(
	          {
	            eventName: "listenerRemoved",
	            listenerId: par, // Registered ID of the listener
	            data: success, // status info
	            pingData: {
	              gppVersion: "1.1", // must be “Version.Subversion”, current: “1.1”
	              cmpStatus: "stub", // possible values: stub, loading, loaded, error
	              cmpDisplayStatus: "hidden", // possible values: hidden, visible, disabled
	              signalStatus: "not ready", // possible values: not ready, ready
	              supportedAPIs: SUPPORTED_APIS, // list of supported APIs
	              cmpId: CMP_ID, // CMP ID
	              sectionList: [],
	              applicableSections: [-1],
	              gppString: "",
	              parsedSections: {},
	            },
	          },
	          true
	        );
	      } else if (cmd === "hasSection") {
	        clb(false, true);
	      } else if (cmd === "getSection" || cmd === "getField") {
	        clb(null, true);
	      }
	      //queue all other commands
	      else {
	        __gpp.queue.push([].slice.apply(b));
	      }
	    };
	    window.__gpp_msghandler = function (event) {
	      var msgIsString = typeof event.data === "string";
	      try {
	        var json = msgIsString ? JSON.parse(event.data) : event.data;
	      } catch (e) {
	        var json = null;
	      }
	      if (typeof json === "object" && json !== null && "__gppCall" in json) {
	        var i = json.__gppCall;
	        window.__gpp(
	          i.command,
	          function (retValue, success) {
	            var returnMsg = {
	              __gppReturn: {
	                returnValue: retValue,
	                success: success,
	                callId: i.callId,
	              },
	            };
	            event.source.postMessage(msgIsString ? JSON.stringify(returnMsg) : returnMsg, "*");
	          },
	          "parameter" in i ? i.parameter : null,
	          "version" in i ? i.version : "1.1"
	        );
	      }
	    };
	    if (!("__gpp" in window) || typeof window.__gpp !== "function") {
	      window.__gpp = window.__gpp_stub;
	      window.addEventListener("message", window.__gpp_msghandler, false);
	      window.__gpp_addFrame("__gppLocator");
	    }
	  };

	  makeGppStub();

	  var uspStubFunction = function() {
	    var arg = arguments;
	    if (typeof window.__uspapi !== uspStubFunction) {
	      setTimeout(function() {
	        if (typeof window.__uspapi !== 'undefined') {
	          window.__uspapi.apply(window.__uspapi, arg);
	        }
	      }, 500);
	    }
	  };

	  var checkIfUspIsReady = function() {
	    uspTries++;
	    if (window.__uspapi === uspStubFunction && uspTries < uspTriesLimit) {
	      console.warn('USP is not accessible');
	    } else {
	      clearInterval(uspInterval);
	    }
	  };

	  if (typeof window.__uspapi === 'undefined') {
	    window.__uspapi = uspStubFunction;
	    var uspInterval = setInterval(checkIfUspIsReady, 6000);
	  }
	})();
	</script>
	<!-- End InMobi Choice. Consent Manager Tag v3.0 (for TCF 2.2) -->
	

    <!-- Meta Description -->
    <meta name="description" content="
	Estimate your future investment value with our calculator. Plan contributions, returns, and growth easily. Ideal for savings, ROI, and financial forecasting.
    ">
    
    <!-- Robots Tag (defaults to 'index, follow') -->
    <meta name="robots" content="index, follow">
    
    <!-- Canonical URL -->
	<link rel="canonical" href="https://calculator.now/investment-calculator/">
    
	<!-- Google tag (gtag.js) -->
	<script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=AW-405900530">
	</script>
	<script>
	  window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || [];
	  function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);}
	  gtag('js', new Date());

	  gtag('config', 'AW-405900530');
	</script>
    
	
    <!-- Font Awesome for Icons -->
    <link href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/font-awesome/5.15.4/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet">

<script async data-id="101469123" src="//static.getclicky.com/js"></script>
 
	
	
    <!-- Bootstrap CSS -->
    <link href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@5.3.0/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet">
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/css/styles.css">
	<!-- Font Awesome for Icons -->
	<link href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/font-awesome/5.15.4/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet">

		<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/jquery/3.6.0/jquery.min.js"></script>

	

    <style>
	    .hidden-main {
	        display: none;
	    }
        /* Ensure body and html take up the full height of the page */
        html, body {
            height: 100%;
            margin: 0;
        }

        body {
            max-width: 1100px;
			padding: 0px !important;
            margin: 0 auto !important;
            display: flex !important;
            flex-direction: column !important;
        }

        main {
            flex-grow: 1;
        }

		.container-fluid {
		
			padding-right: 0px !important;
			padding-left: 0px !important;

		}
        .navbar {
            width: 100%;
            padding-bottom: 0;
            display: flex;
            justify-content: space-between;
            align-items: center;
            background-color: #ffffff !important;
            border-bottom: 1px solid #ddd;
			padding: 5px 0 0 5px !important;
        }

        /* Style for the burger menu icon with equal margins */
        .navbar-toggler {
            margin: 5px;
        }

        .nav-tabs {
            border-bottom: none;
            margin-bottom: 0;
        }

        .nav-tabs .nav-link {
            background: linear-gradient(to bottom, #f8f9fa, white);
            border: 1px solid #ddd;
            border-bottom: none;
            margin-right: 2px;
            border-radius: 0.25rem 0.25rem 0 0;
            padding: 8px 16px;
            color: #555;
        }

        .nav-tabs .nav-link.active {
            background-color: #007bff;
            border-color: #007bff #007bff #fff;
            color: white;
        }

        .nav-tabs .nav-link:hover {
            background-color: #e9ecef;
        }

        .navbar .navbar-brand {
            color: inherit;
        }

        footer {
            max-width: 1100px;
            margin: 0 auto;
            text-align: left;
            width: 100%;
            border-top: 1px solid #ddd;
            padding-top: 10px;
            clear: both;
        }

        /* Mobile view styling */
        @media (max-width: 992px) {
            /* Stack the nav items vertically when in mobile view */
            .nav-tabs .nav-item {
                width: 100%;
            }

            .nav-tabs .nav-link {
                display: block;
                width: 100%;
                text-align: left;
                padding: 10px 16px;
                border-radius: 0;
                border: 1px solid #ddd;
                margin-bottom: 2px;
            }
        }
    </style>
	

	<style>
	/* General container styling */
	#main-calculator-container {
	    display: flex;
	}

	/* Content sections for inputs and results */
	.content-half {
	    flex: 1 1 350px;
	    max-width: 350px;
	}


	/* General container styling */
	/* General container styling */
	#popular-section {
	    background-color: beige;
	    border: 1px solid darkgoldenrod;
	    padding: 20px;
	    margin-top: 20px;
	    border-radius: 0px;
	    box-shadow: 0 0 10px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); /* Slight shadow */
	    flex-basis: 350px; /* Fixed width */
	    flex-grow: 0; /* Prevent it from growing larger */
	    flex-shrink: 0; /* Prevent it from shrinking */
	    height: auto; /* Ensure height adjusts based on content */
	    margin-left: 10px;  Optional: Add spacing between sections */
	}



	/* Remove margin-left for mobile screens */
	@media (max-width: 768px) {
	    #main-calculator-container {
	        flex-direction: column;
	        align-items: center;
	    }

	    #popular-section {
	        margin-left: 0; /* Remove left margin */
	        width: 100%; /* Full width for mobile */
	    }
	}

	/* Tooltip styling remains unchanged */
	.tooltip-container {
	    position: relative;
	    display: inline-block;
	    cursor: pointer;
	    text-decoration: underline dotted grey;
	    text-underline-offset: 2px; /* Adjust the space between text and the underline */
	}

	.tooltip-container .tooltip-text {
	    visibility: hidden;
	    width: 200px;
	    background-color: black;
	    color: #fff;
	    text-align: center;
	    border-radius: 5px;
	    padding: 5px 10px;
	    position: absolute;
	    z-index: 1;
	    bottom: 100%; /* Position above the text */
	    left: 50%;
	    margin-left: -100px;
	    opacity: 0;
	    transition: opacity 0.3s;
	}

	.tooltip-container:hover .tooltip-text {
	    visibility: visible;
	    opacity: 1;
	}
	</style>
	
	<style>
		/* Styles for the print button and date */
		.header-anchor-links-left {
		    display: flex;
		    align-items: center;
		    gap: 10px;
		    margin-bottom: 3px; /* Optional: Add spacing below */
		}

		.header-anchor-links-left button {
			flex: none !important;
			width: auto !important;
		    background: none;
		    border: none;
		    color: inherit;
		    font: inherit;
		    text-decoration: none;
		    cursor: pointer;
		    padding: 0;
		    margin: 0;
		    display: inline-flex; /* Align icon and text horizontally */
		    align-items: center;
		}

		.header-anchor-links-left button:hover {
		    text-decoration: underline;
		}

		.header-anchor-links-left .print-date {
		    font-size: 14px;
		    color: #555; /* Optional: Different color for date */
		}

		/* Styles for Cite, Link, Share buttons */
		.header-anchor-links-right {
		    display: flex;
		    align-items: center;
		    gap: 10px;
		}

		.header-anchor-links-right button {
			flex: none !important;
			width: auto !important;
		    background: none;
		    border: none;
		    color: inherit;
		    font: inherit;
		    text-decoration: none;
		    cursor: pointer;
		    padding: 0;
		    margin: 0;
		    display: inline-flex;
		    align-items: center;
		}

		.header-anchor-links-right button:hover {
		    text-decoration: underline;
		}

		.header-anchor-links-right | {
		    color: #ccc; /* Color for pipe separators */
		}
		
		
		
		
		
		
		
		
		
		
		
		
		
		
		
		/* Remove button styles and make them look like links */
		.header-anchor-links button {
		    background: none !important;       /* No background */
		    border: none !important;           /* Remove border */
		    color: inherit !important;         /* Use the color of the surrounding text */
		    font: inherit !important;          /* Inherit the font from the parent element */
		    text-decoration: none !important;  /* Remove any text decoration */
		    cursor: pointer !important;       /* Show pointer cursor to indicate clickable element */
		    padding: 0 !important;             /* Remove any padding */
		    margin: 0 !important;              /* Remove any margin */
		    display: inline !important;        /* Ensure they are inline with text */
		}

		/* Optional: Styling to add hover effect like links */
		.header-anchor-links button:hover {
		    text-decoration: underline !important;  /* Underline on hover to resemble links */
		}
		
		.header-hidden {
		    display: none !important;
		}
		/* Info Layer Styling */
		#citeLayer {
		    background-color: #f8f9fa; /* Light gray background */
		    border: 1px solid #ccc; /* Light border */
		    padding: 10px; /* Add some padding */
		    margin-top: 10px; /* Space below the link */
		    border-radius: 5px; /* Rounded corners */
		    position: relative; /* Ensure it appears below the clicked link */
		    /* box-shadow: 0 2px 4px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); /* Subtle shadow for better visibility */
			transition: background-color 0.3s ease;
			
		}
		/* Hide the 'X' icon when the layer is closed */
		#citeLayer.hidden {
		    display: none;
		}

		.info-layer p {
		    margin: 0; /* Remove default margins */
		}

		.info-layer button {
		    margin-top: 5px; /* Space between text and button */
		    background-color: #007bff; /* Blue button */
		    color: white; /* White text */
		    border: none; /* No border */
		    padding: 5px 10px; /* Button padding */
		    border-radius: 3px; /* Rounded corners */
		    cursor: pointer; /* Pointer cursor */
		}

		.info-layer button:hover {
		    background-color: #0056b3; /* Darker blue on hover */
		}
		
		
		.grey-divider {
		    border: 1px solid #dddddd !important; /* Add a grey top border */
		    width: 100%;                /* Ensure it spans the full width */
		    margin: 20px 0;             /* Optional: Add vertical spacing */
		}
		/* Ensure links are inline */
		.header-anchor-links {
		    display: flex !important; /* Use flexbox for layout */
		    gap: 10px !important; /* Add spacing between items */
		}

		.header-anchor-links a {
		    text-decoration: none !important; /* Remove underlines */
		    color: inherit !important; /* Use the parent color */
		    font-size: 16px !important; /* Adjust font size */
		}

		.header-anchor-links a:hover {
		    text-decoration: underline !important; /* Optional: Add underline on hover */
		}
	/* Cite Button Styling */
	.cite-button {
		margin-bottom: 10px;
	}

	.cite-button a {
	    display: inline-flex;
	    align-items: center;
	    background-color: #f8f9fa;
	    padding: 8px 12px;
	    border-radius: 5px;
		
	    text-decoration: none;
	    font-size: 14px;
	    font-weight: 500;
	    transition: background-color 0.2s ease;
	}

	.cite-button a:hover {
	    background-color: #e9ecef;
	    text-decoration: none;
	}
	/* Close button (X) */
	.close-btn {
	    position: absolute;
	    top: 5px;
	    right: 8px;
	    cursor: pointer;
	    font-size: 12px;
	    color: #cccccc;
	}

	/* Styling for the copy button */
	#copyButton {
		display: block;
	    background-color: #808080;  /* Default grey color */
	    border: none;
	    padding: 5px 10px;
	    cursor: pointer;
	    font-weight: bold;
	    border-radius: 5px;
	    transition: background-color 0.3s ease, color 0.3s ease;
	    margin-left: 0px;
		  
	}

	/* When the copy button text changes to 'COPIED' */
	#copyButton.copied {
	    background-color: #d3d3d3;  /* Darker grey when clicked */
	    color: #fff;
	}
	
	#copyButton.hidden {
	    display: none !important;
	}
	@media (max-width: 480px) {
	    .last-updated {
	        display: none;
	    }
	}
	
	
	
	/* General styles for the themes list */
	.themes-list {
	    font-family: Arial, sans-serif;
	    margin: 0px;
	    line-height: 1.4; /* Adjusted for readability */
	}

	/* Theme section container */
	.theme-section {
	    margin-bottom: 0px; /* Spacing between themes */
	}

	/* H2 for theme titles */
	.theme-section h2 {
	    font-size: 1.5rem; /* Slightly larger font for H2 */
	    font-weight: bold;
	    margin: 0px 0; /* Spacing above and below */
	}

	/* H3 for categories */
	.theme-section h3 {
	    font-size: 1.2rem; /* Smaller than H2 */
	    font-weight: normal;
	    margin: 0; /* No additional margin */
	    display: inline-block; /* Ensures inline display for categories */
	}

	/* Links inside H2 and H3 */
	.theme-section h2 a,
	.theme-section h3 a {
	    text-decoration: none; /* Remove underline */
	}

	.theme-section h2 a:hover,
	.theme-section h3 a:hover {
	    text-decoration: underline; /* Add underline on hover for accessibility */
	}

	/* Hidden-main class styling */
	.hidden-main {
	    font-size: 0.9rem; /* Slightly smaller for the extra text */
	    color: #777; /* Muted text color */
	    font-weight: normal;
	}
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	/* TWO COLUMN IN CATEGORY */
	.calculators-two-col {
		
		margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
	}
	
	.calculators-two-col ul {
	  /* Enable bullet points */
	  list-style-type: disc;
  
	  /* Provide space for bullets */
	  margin: 0;
  
	  /* Single column by default (mobile) */
	  column-count: 1;
	  column-gap: 1rem;
	}

	.calculators-two-col ul li {
	}

	/* For desktop screens */
	@media (min-width: 768px) {
	  .calculators-two-col ul {
	    column-count: 2; /* Switch to two columns on larger screens */
	  }
	}
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	/* --- START: Add/Modify these styles for Search --- */

	    /* Style for the full-width search bar below the nav */
	    #full-width-search-bar {
	        /* Visible by default on larger screens, hidden on mobile via media query */
	        padding: 15px 10px;
	        background: linear-gradient(to bottom, white, #f8f9fa);
	        border-bottom: 1px solid #ddd;
	        margin-bottom: 0px; /* Optional spacing below search bar */
	    }
	    #full-width-search-bar .input-group .btn {
	         flex-shrink: 0; /* Prevent button shrinking */
	    }

	    /* Container for mobile search in dropdown */
	    .mobile-search-container {
	        display: none; /* Hidden by default, shown on mobile via media query */
	        padding: 10px 15px; /* Spacing within the dropdown */
	    }
	    .mobile-search-container input {
	         width: 100%;
	         padding: 8px 12px;
	         border: 1px solid #ccc;
	         border-radius: 0.25rem;
	    }

	    /* Responsive adjustments - MODIFY existing @media query */
	    @media (max-width: 991.98px) { /* Match Bootstrap LG breakpoint */
	        /* Keep existing mobile styles for .nav-tabs .nav-item and .nav-tabs .nav-link */
	        .nav-tabs .nav-item {
	            width: 100%;
	        }
	        .nav-tabs .nav-link {
	            display: block;
	            width: 100%;
	            text-align: left;
	            padding: 10px 16px;
	            border-radius: 0;
	            border: 1px solid #ddd;
	            margin-bottom: -1px; /* Overlap borders slightly */
	            margin-right: 0;
	            white-space: normal; /* Allow text wrapping in mobile tabs */
	        }
	         .nav-tabs .nav-link.active {
	             /* Ensure active border is visible if needed, e.g.: */
	             border-color: #007bff;
	         }

	        /* ADD these rules inside this existing media query */
	        #full-width-search-bar {
	             display: none !important; /* Hide desktop bar on mobile */
	        }
	        .mobile-search-container {
	             display: block !important; /* Show mobile bar in dropdown */
	        }
	    }

	    /* ADD this new media query for desktop */
	    @media (min-width: 992px) {
	         /* Hide mobile search container on desktop */
	         .mobile-search-container {
	              display: none !important;
	         }
	         /* Ensure desktop search bar is visible (optional reinforcement) */
	         #full-width-search-bar {
	              display: block; /* Or flex if using flex layout inside */
	         }
	    }
	    /* --- END: Add/Modify these styles for Search --- */
	
	
		.mobile-search-container .input-group .btn.btn-outline-secondary {
		    border-color: #ced4da !important; /* Match default form-control border color. Use !important to be sure. */
		}

		/* Optional: Keep border color consistent on hover too */
		/* If you want the border to stay light grey even when hovering over the button */
		/* Remove this block if you prefer the button border to darken on hover */
		.mobile-search-container .input-group .btn.btn-outline-secondary:hover {
		     border-color: #ced4da !important;
		     /* Keep default hover background/text for visual feedback */
		     color: #fff;
		     background-color: #6c757d;
		}
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
		/* --- Styles for Nav Text (New/Blog) --- */

		/* By default (which applies to desktop), hide the text part */
		.nav-text-mobile-only {
		    display: none;
		}

		/*
		   When the navbar is collapsed (mobile view) AND the menu (#themeMenu) is expanded (has class .show),
		   then display the text.
		   We target screens up to the point Bootstrap collapses the navbar-expand-lg (991.98px).
		*/
		@media (max-width: 991.98px) {
		    .navbar-collapse.show .nav-text-mobile-only {
		        display: inline; /* Or 'inline-block' if you need more control */
		        /* Optional: Add a little space between emoji and text if needed */
		        /* margin-left: 4px; */
		    }
		}
		
		
		
		
		
		.calculator-tags {
		  margin-top: 10px; /* Add some space above the tags section */
		  margin-bottom: 5px; /* Add some space below the tags section */
		}

		.tags-list {
		  list-style: none; /* Remove default bullet points */
		  padding: 0;
		  margin: 0;
		  display: flex; /* Arrange tags in a row */
		  flex-wrap: wrap; /* Allow tags to wrap to the next line if they don't fit */
		  gap: 8px; /* Space between tags */
		}

		.tags-list li {
		  margin: 0; /* Remove default li margin if any */
		}

		.tags-list .tag {
		  display: inline-block; /* Allows padding and margins */
		  padding: 6px 12px; /* Vertical and horizontal padding for the pill shape */
		  background-color: #e0e0e0; /* Light grey background */
		  color: #333; /* Dark grey text color */
		  text-decoration: none; /* Remove underline from links */
		  border-radius: 16px; /* Makes it pill-shaped (adjust for more/less roundness) */
		  font-size: 0.9em; /* Slightly smaller font size */
		  transition: background-color 0.2s ease-in-out, color 0.2s ease-in-out; /* Smooth hover effect */
		  border: 1px solid #c0c0c0; /* Subtle border */
		}

		.tags-list .tag:hover {
		  background-color: #007bff; /* Primary color on hover (e.g., blue) */
		  color: #fff; /* White text on hover */
		  border-color: #0056b3; /* Darker border on hover */
		}
		
		
	</style>
	
<!-- Matomo -->
<script>
  var _paq = window._paq = window._paq || [];
  /* tracker methods like "setCustomDimension" should be called before "trackPageView" */
  _paq.push(['trackPageView']);
  _paq.push(['enableLinkTracking']);
  (function() {
    var u="//tracking.calculator.now/";
    _paq.push(['setTrackerUrl', u+'matomo.php']);
    _paq.push(['setSiteId', '22']);
    var d=document, g=d.createElement('script'), s=d.getElementsByTagName('script')[0];
    g.async=true; g.src=u+'matomo.js'; s.parentNode.insertBefore(g,s);
  })();
</script>
<!-- End Matomo Code -->
</head>
<body>

    <!-- Navbar with logo on the left and folder tabs on the right -->
    <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light bg-transparent">
        <div class="container-fluid d-flex justify-content-between align-items-center">
            <!-- Logo, left-aligned -->
            <a class="navbar-brand fw-bold" href="/">
                🧮 Calculator.now
            </a>
			
			

            <!-- Toggle button for mobile view -->
            <button class="navbar-toggler" type="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#themeMenu" aria-controls="themeMenu" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation">
                <span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span>
            </button>

            <!-- Folder tab navigation for themes, collapsible in mobile view -->
            <div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id="themeMenu">
                <ul class="nav nav-tabs ms-auto">
					
					
                    <!-- START: Mobile Search Item (Moved Here) -->
                     <li class="nav-item mobile-search-list-item d-lg-none"> <!-- Added helper class & d-lg-none to hide LI on desktop -->
						 <div class="mobile-search-container">
						                               <form action="/search" method="get" role="search">
						                                   <!-- Use input-group to place button next to input -->
						                                   <div class="input-group">
						                                       <input type="search" name="q" class="form-control" placeholder="Search..." aria-label="Search">
						                                       <button class="btn btn-outline-secondary" type="submit" aria-label="Search">
						                                            <i class="fas fa-search"></i>
						                                       </button>
						                                   </div>
						                               </form>
						                          </div>
                    </li>
                    <!-- END: Mobile Search Item -->
					
					
					
					
                    
                    <li class="nav-item">
                        <a class="nav-link " 
                           href="/themes/health/">
                           🚑 Health
                        </a>
                    </li>
                    
                    <li class="nav-item">
                        <a class="nav-link " 
                           href="/themes/financial/">
                           💰 Financial
                        </a>
                    </li>
                    
                    <li class="nav-item">
                        <a class="nav-link " 
                           href="/themes/math/">
                           📐 Math
                        </a>
                    </li>
                    
                    <li class="nav-item">
                        <a class="nav-link " 
                           href="/themes/other/">
                           📁 Other
                        </a>
                    </li>
                    
                    <li class="nav-item">
                        <a class="nav-link " 
                           href="/themes/science/">
                           🔬  Science
                        </a>
                    </li>
                    
                    <li class="nav-item">
                        <a class="nav-link " 
                           href="/themes/food/">
                           👩‍🍳 Food
                        </a>
                    </li>
                    
					<!-- Static New tab -->
					        <li class="nav-item">
					            <a class="nav-link " 
					               href="/usa/">🇺🇸 USA <span style="display: none">Calculators</span></a>
					        </li>
					        <li class="nav-item">
					            <a class="nav-link " 
					               href="/tags/">🏷️ <span class="nav-text-mobile-only">Tags</span></a>
					        </li>
					        <li class="nav-item">
					            <a class="nav-link " 
					               href="/new/">🆕 <span class="nav-text-mobile-only">New</span></a>
					        </li>
							<li class="nav-item">
							    <a class="nav-link " 
							       href="/blog/">📚 <span class="nav-text-mobile-only">Blog</span></a>
							</li>
					        
                </ul>
            </div>
        </div>
    </nav>
	
	
	
	
	

    <!-- Full Width Search Bar -->
	<div id="full-width-search-bar" class="container">
	     <form action="/search" method="get" role="search">
	         <div class="input-group">
	            <input type="search" name="q" id="full-width-search-input" class="form-control form-control-lg" placeholder="Search Calculator.now..." aria-label="Search site">
	            <!-- MODIFIED: Replaced text with icon -->
                <button class="btn btn-secondary" type="submit" aria-label="Search">
                    <i class="fas fa-search"></i>
                </button>
	         </div>
	     </form>
	</div>
	<!-- END Full Width Search Bar -->
	
	
	
	

    <!-- Main Content -->
    <main class="container">
        
<!-- Main container (1100px max width) -->

<div id="main-calculator-container" class="d-flex flex-column flex-lg-row align-items-start">
	


	<div id="content-section-wrapper" class="d-flex flex-column" style="max-width: 728px; flex-grow: 1; flex-shrink: 0;">
	        <h1>Investment Calculator</h1>
			
			
			
			<span class="print-date"  style="margin-bottom:3px;">Category: <a href="/categories/investment/">Investment</a></span>
			
			<span class="print-date" style="margin-bottom:3px;">
			    <i class="fa fa-user"></i>
			    Author: <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/henrick-yau/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank" style="text-decoration: none; color: inherit;">Henrick Yau</a>
			</span>

		
		<!-- For printing -->
		<div class="header-anchor-links-left">
		    <button onclick="window.print()">
		        <i class="fa fa-print"></i>&nbsp;Print this page
		    </button>
		
		
		<span class="print-date">- May 14, 2025</span>
		
		 
		</div>	
			
			
			<!-- Add a container for the links -->
			<div class="header-anchor-links-right">
			    <button onclick="showLayer('citeLayer', 'cite')">
			        <i class="fa fa-quote-right"></i>&nbsp;Cite this
			    </button>
			    |
			    <button onclick="showLayer('citeLayer', 'link')">
			        <i class="fa fa-link"></i>&nbsp;Link to this
			    </button>
			    |
			    <button onclick="showLayer('citeLayer', 'share')">
			        <i class="fa fa-share"></i>&nbsp;Share this
			    </button>
			</div>
			
			
			
			
			  <div class="calculator-tags">
			    <ul class="tags-list">
			      
			        <li><a href="/tag/finance/" class="tag">finance</a></li>
			      
			        <li><a href="/tag/calculator/" class="tag">calculator</a></li>
			      
			        <li><a href="/tag/investment/" class="tag">investment</a></li>
			      
			        <li><a href="/tag/savings/" class="tag">savings</a></li>
			      
			        <li><a href="/tag/planning/" class="tag">planning</a></li>
			      
			        <li><a href="/tag/returns/" class="tag">returns</a></li>
			      
			    </ul>
			  </div>
			
			
			<!-- Cite Layer -->
				<!-- Cite Layer -->
				<!-- Cite Layer -->
				<div id="citeLayer" class="info-layer" style="display: none;">
				    <p id="citationText">
				        
				        Investment Calculator - Available at: 
				        <a href="https://calculator.now/investment-calculator/" target="_blank">https://calculator.now/investment-calculator/</a> 
				        - Accessed: March 24, 2026. Author: Henrick Yau.
				    </p>
				    <!-- Copy Button is outside of the <p> but inside the layer -->
				    <button id="copyButton" onclick="copyToClipboard()"><i class="fa fa-copy"></i> COPY</button>
				    <!-- Close button (X) -->
				    <span class="close-btn" onclick="closeCiteLayer()">X</span>
				</div>
				
			    
			
			
			
			
			<!-- Horizontal Rule Divider -->
			<hr class="grey-divider" />
			
			
			
			
			
			
			
			<script>
				function showLayer(layerId, type) {
				    // Hide all other layers
				    document.querySelectorAll('.info-layer').forEach(layer => {
				        layer.style.display = 'none';
				    });

				    // Show the selected layer
				    const layer = document.getElementById(layerId);
				    if (layer) {
				        layer.style.display = 'block';
				    }

				    // Change the content based on the 'type'
				    const citationContent = document.querySelector('#citationText');
				    const copyButton = document.getElementById('copyButton');

				    if (type === 'cite') {
				        // Citation content
				        citationContent.innerHTML = `
				            Investment Calculator - Available at: 
				            <a href="https://calculator.now/investment-calculator/" target="_blank">https://calculator.now/investment-calculator/</a> 
				            - Accessed: March 24, 2026. Author: Henrick Yau.
				        `;
				        copyButton.style.display = 'inline-block'; // Show the button
				        copyButton.innerHTML = '<i class="fa fa-copy"></i> COPY';
				    } else if (type === 'link') {
				        // Link content
				        citationContent.innerHTML = `
				            <a href="https://calculator.now/investment-calculator/" target="_blank">https://calculator.now/investment-calculator/</a>
				        `;
				        copyButton.style.display = 'inline-block'; // Show the button
				        copyButton.innerHTML = '<i class="fa fa-link"></i> COPY LINK';
				    } else if (type === 'share') {
				        // Share content
					citationContent.innerHTML = `
					    Share: 
					    <a href="https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?url=https://calculator.now/investment-calculator/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">
					        <i class="fab fa-twitter"></i><i class="fab fa-x"></i> Twitter / X</a> | 
					    <a href="https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=https://calculator.now/investment-calculator/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">
					        <i class="fab fa-facebook"></i> Facebook</a> | 
					    <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/shareArticle?url=https://calculator.now/investment-calculator/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">
					        <i class="fab fa-linkedin"></i> LinkedIn</a> | 
					    <a href="https://pinterest.com/pin/create/button/?url=https://calculator.now/investment-calculator/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">
					        <i class="fab fa-pinterest"></i> Pinterest</a> | 
					    <a href="https://www.reddit.com/submit?url=https://calculator.now/investment-calculator/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">
					        <i class="fab fa-reddit"></i> Reddit</a> | 
					    <a href="https://tumblr.com/widgets/share/tool?canonicalUrl=https://calculator.now/investment-calculator/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">
					        <i class="fab fa-tumblr"></i> Tumblr</a> | 
					    <a href="https://api.whatsapp.com/send?text=https://calculator.now/investment-calculator/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">
					        <i class="fab fa-whatsapp"></i> WhatsApp</a>
					`;
				        copyButton.style.display = 'none'; // Hide the button
				    }
				}
				

				// Function to close the citation layer
				function closeCiteLayer() {
				    document.getElementById('citeLayer').style.display = 'none';
				}

				function copyToClipboard() {
				    // Get the text inside the layer
				    const citationText = document.querySelector('#citeLayer p').innerText;

				    // Write the citation text to the clipboard
				    navigator.clipboard.writeText(citationText).then(() => {
				        // Change the button text to 'COPIED' with an icon
				        const copyButton = document.getElementById('copyButton');
				        copyButton.innerHTML = '<i class="fa fa-check"></i> COPIED';  // Changing the button's content to include an icon

				        // After 1 second, reset the button text and background color
				        setTimeout(() => {
				            copyButton.innerHTML = '<i class="fa fa-copy"></i> COPY';  // Reset to original text and icon
				        }, 1000); // 1000ms delay for reverting the button
				    });
				}
				
				copyButton.classList.add('hidden'); // Hide the button
				copyButton.classList.remove('hidden'); // Show the button
				
			</script>
			
			
	        <!-- Calculator HTML content -->
	        
	            <style>
/* Info Box */
.investment-calculator .info-box {
  background-color: #e8f4f8;
  border-left: 4px solid #2980b9;
  padding: 15px;
  border-radius: 0 5px 5px 0;
  margin-bottom: 20px;
  font-size: 15px;
  line-height: 1.5;
}

.investment-calculator .info-box p {
  margin: 10px 0;
}

/* Input Section */
.investment-calculator .input-section {
  background-color: #f8f9fa;
  padding: 20px;
  border-radius: 8px;
  margin-bottom: 20px;
  box-shadow: 0 2px 4px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05);
  width: 100%;
}

/* Section Headings */
.investment-calculator .section-heading {
  margin-top: 20px;
  margin-bottom: 15px;
  display: flex;
  justify-content: space-between;
  align-items: center;
}

.investment-calculator .section-heading h4 {
  color: #2980b9;
  font-size: 18px;
  margin: 0;
  padding-bottom: 8px;
  border-bottom: 1px solid #e1e1e1;
}

/* Input Row & Input Group */
.investment-calculator .input-row {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 20px;
  margin-bottom: 20px;
}

.investment-calculator .input-group {
  flex: 1;
  min-width: 200px;
  margin-bottom: 10px;
}

.investment-calculator .input-group label {
  display: block;
  margin-bottom: 8px;
  font-weight: bold;
  color: #333;
}

.investment-calculator .input-group input[type="number"],
.investment-calculator .input-group input[type="text"],
.investment-calculator .input-group input[type="date"],
.investment-calculator .input-group select {
  width: 100%;
  padding: 10px;
  border: 1px solid #ccc;
  border-radius: 4px;
  font-size: 16px;
  background-color: white;
  transition: all 0.3s;
}

.investment-calculator .input-group input:focus,
.investment-calculator .input-group select:focus {
  outline: none;
  border-color: #2980b9;
  box-shadow: 0 0 0 3px rgba(41, 128, 185, 0.2);
}

/* Length Input Group */
.investment-calculator .length-input-group {
  display: flex;
  width: 100%;
}

.investment-calculator .length-input-group input {
  flex: 2;
  border-top-right-radius: 0;
  border-bottom-right-radius: 0;
}

.investment-calculator .length-input-group select {
  flex: 1;
  border-top-left-radius: 0;
  border-bottom-left-radius: 0;
  border-left: none;
}

/* Unit Input & Currency Symbol */
.investment-calculator .unit-input {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 6px;
  width: 100%;
}

.investment-calculator .currency-symbol,
.investment-calculator .unit-symbol {
  color: #666;
  font-weight: bold;
}

.investment-calculator .unit-input input {
  flex: 1;
}

/* Checkbox Options */
.investment-calculator .checkbox-option {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  margin-right: 15px;
  cursor: pointer;
}

.investment-calculator .checkbox-option input[type="checkbox"] {
  margin-right: 8px;
  cursor: pointer;
}

/* Advanced Options */
.investment-calculator .advanced-options {
  background-color: #f0f0f0;
  padding: 15px;
  border-radius: 5px;
  margin-top: 20px;
}

.investment-calculator .advanced-options h4 {
  margin-top: 0;
  margin-bottom: 15px;
  color: #333;
  font-size: 16px;
}

/* Button Group */
.investment-calculator .btn-group {
  display: flex;
  gap: 15px;
  margin-top: 25px;
}

.investment-calculator .btn-group button {
  flex: 1;
  padding: 12px;
  font-size: 16px;
  font-weight: bold;
  border: none;
  border-radius: 4px;
  cursor: pointer;
  transition: all 0.3s;
}

.investment-calculator .calculate-btn {
  background: linear-gradient(145deg, #3498db, #2980b9);
  color: white;
  box-shadow: 0 4px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1), 0 1px 3px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.08);
}

.investment-calculator .calculate-btn:hover {
  transform: translateY(-1px);
  box-shadow: 0 7px 14px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1), 0 3px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.08);
}

.investment-calculator .reset-btn {
  background-color: #f5f5f5;
  color: #595959;
  border: 1px solid #ccc;
}

.investment-calculator .reset-btn:hover {
  background-color: #e8e8e8;
}

/* Hidden Elements */
.investment-calculator .hidden {
  display: none !important;
}

/* Result Container */
.investment-calculator .result-container {
  background-color: #fff;
  border-radius: 8px;
  padding: 25px;
  box-shadow: 0 2px 8px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
  margin-top: 30px;
  width: 100%;
}

.investment-calculator .result-container h3 {
  color: #2980b9;
  margin-top: 0;
  margin-bottom: 25px;
  text-align: center;
  font-size: 22px;
  border-bottom: 2px solid #e8f4f8;
  padding-bottom: 15px;
}

.investment-calculator .result-container h4 {
  color: #2980b9;
  margin-top: 30px;
  margin-bottom: 15px;
  font-size: 18px;
}

/* Results Grid & Cards */
.investment-calculator .results-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fill, minmax(200px, 1fr));
  gap: 20px;
  margin-bottom: 25px;
}

.investment-calculator .result-card {
  background-color: #f8f9fa;
  border-radius: 8px;
  padding: 20px;
  text-align: center;
  border: 1px solid #e8e8e8;
  transition: transform 0.2s, box-shadow 0.2s;
}

.investment-calculator .result-card:hover {
  transform: translateY(-2px);
  box-shadow: 0 4px 8px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
}

.investment-calculator .result-card.primary {
  background: linear-gradient(145deg, #e8f4f8, #d6eaf8);
  border-color: #2980b9;
}

.investment-calculator .result-title {
  font-weight: bold;
  color: #333;
  margin-bottom: 10px;
  font-size: 16px;
}

.investment-calculator .result-value {
  font-size: 28px;
  font-weight: bold;
  color: #2980b9;
  margin-bottom: 5px;
}

.investment-calculator .result-info {
  font-size: 14px;
  color: #595959;
}

/* Chart Container */
.investment-calculator .chart-container {
  margin-top: 30px;
  padding: 15px;
  background-color: #fff;
  border-radius: 8px;
  box-shadow: 0 1px 3px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
}

/* Results Table */
.investment-calculator .results-table-container {
  margin-top: 30px;
}

.investment-calculator .results-table {
  width: 100%;
  overflow-x: auto;
}

.investment-calculator .results-table table {
  width: 100%;
  border-collapse: collapse;
  text-align: left;
}

.investment-calculator .results-table th {
  background-color: #f0f7fb;
  padding: 12px 15px;
  border-bottom: 2px solid #ddd;
  font-weight: bold;
  color: #2980b9;
}

.investment-calculator .results-table td {
  padding: 10px 15px;
  border-bottom: 1px solid #eee;
}

.investment-calculator .results-table tr:last-child td {
  border-bottom: none;
}

.investment-calculator .results-table tr:hover {
  background-color: #f9f9f9;
}

/* Calculation Steps */
.investment-calculator .calculation-steps {
  background-color: #f8f9fa;
  padding: 20px;
  border-radius: 8px;
  margin-top: 25px;
  border-left: 4px solid #2ecc71;
}

.investment-calculator .steps-content {
  line-height: 1.6;
}

.investment-calculator .steps-content p {
  margin: 8px 0;
}

/* Formula Section */
.investment-calculator .formula-section {
  background-color: #f0f7fb;
  padding: 20px;
  border-radius: 8px;
  margin-top: 25px;
}

.investment-calculator .equation {
  font-family: 'Cambria Math', 'Times New Roman', serif;
  background-color: #f5f5f5;
  padding: 15px;
  border-radius: 4px;
  margin: 15px 0;
  text-align: center;
  font-size: 20px;
  font-weight: bold;
}

/* Calculator Footer & Theory Section */
.investment-calculator .calculator-footer {
  margin-top: 40px;
  padding-top: 20px;
  border-top: 1px solid #e8e8e8;
}

.investment-calculator .theory-section {
  background-color: #f8f9fa;
  padding: 20px;
  border-radius: 8px;
  margin-bottom: 20px;
}

.investment-calculator .theory-section h4 {
  color: #2980b9;
  margin-top: 0;
  margin-bottom: 15px;
}

.investment-calculator .theory-section p {
  line-height: 1.6;
  margin-bottom: 15px;
}

.investment-calculator .theory-subsection {
  margin-top: 20px;
  margin-bottom: 20px;
}

.investment-calculator .theory-subsection h5 {
  color: #2980b9;
  margin-top: 0;
  margin-bottom: 10px;
  font-size: 16px;
}

.investment-calculator .theory-subsection ul,
.investment-calculator .theory-subsection ol {
  margin: 0;
  padding-left: 20px;
}

.investment-calculator .theory-subsection li {
  margin-bottom: 8px;
  line-height: 1.5;
}

/* Remove number input spinners for Firefox & Webkit */
.investment-calculator input[type="number"] {
  -moz-appearance: textfield;
}

.investment-calculator input[type="number"]::-webkit-outer-spin-button,
.investment-calculator input[type="number"]::-webkit-inner-spin-button {
  -webkit-appearance: none;
  margin: 0;
}

/* Radio & Checkbox Custom Styling */
.investment-calculator input[type="radio"],
.investment-calculator input[type="checkbox"] {
  accent-color: #2980b9;
}

/* Responsive Styling */
@media (max-width: 767px) {
  .investment-calculator .input-row {
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 10px;
  }
  
  .investment-calculator .input-group {
    min-width: 100%;
  }
  
  .investment-calculator .btn-group {
    flex-direction: column;
  }
  
  .investment-calculator .results-grid {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }
  
  .investment-calculator .results-table {
    overflow-x: auto;
  }
}

@media (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 991px) {
  .investment-calculator .results-grid {
    grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr);
  }
}

@media (min-width: 992px) {
  .investment-calculator .theory-section {
    padding: 30px;
  }
}
</style>
<style>
	/* Styling for parent elements containing formulas */
	.formula-container {
	display: block;
	overflow-x: auto;
	margin-bottom: 1rem;
	padding: 0.5rem;
	background-color: #f9f9f9;
	border: 1px solid #ddd;
	border-radius: 4px;
	}
</style>
	        
			
	        <!-- Calculator HTML content -->
	        
	            <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/mathjs/11.9.0/math.js"></script>
<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/Chart.js/3.7.0/chart.min.js"></script>
<script src="https://polyfill.io/v3/polyfill.min.js?features=es6"></script>
<script id="MathJax-script" async src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/mathjax@3/es5/tex-mml-chtml.js"></script>

<div class="investment-calculator">
  <div class="info-box">
    <p>
      Calculate future investment values based on your initial investment, regular contributions, and expected rate of return.
      This calculator helps you visualize your investment growth and plan for your financial goals.
    </p>
  </div>

  <div class="input-section">
    <div class="section-heading">
      <h4>Initial Investment</h4>
    </div>

    <div class="input-row">
      <div class="input-group">
        <label for="initial-amount">Starting Amount:</label>
        <div class="unit-input">
          <span class="currency-symbol">$</span>
          <input type="number" id="initial-amount" min="0" step="100" value="10000" placeholder="Enter starting amount">
        </div>
      </div>

      <div class="input-group">
        <label for="start-date">Start Date:</label>
        <input type="date" id="start-date">
      </div>
    </div>

    <div class="section-heading">
      <h4>Regular Contributions</h4>
    </div>

    <div class="input-row">
      <div class="input-group">
        <label for="contribution-amount">Contribution Amount:</label>
        <div class="unit-input">
          <span class="currency-symbol">$</span>
          <input type="number" id="contribution-amount" min="0" step="50" value="500" placeholder="Enter contribution amount">
        </div>
      </div>

      <div class="input-group">
        <label for="contribution-frequency">Contribution Frequency:</label>
        <select id="contribution-frequency">
          <option value="12">Monthly</option>
          <option value="26">Bi-weekly</option>
          <option value="52">Weekly</option>
          <option value="4">Quarterly</option>
          <option value="2">Semi-annually</option>
          <option value="1">Annually</option>
        </select>
      </div>
    </div>

    <div class="input-row">
      <div class="input-group">
        <div class="checkbox-option">
          <input type="checkbox" id="increase-contributions" name="increase-contributions">
          <label for="increase-contributions">Increase contributions annually</label>
        </div>
      </div>

      <div class="input-group" id="annual-increase-container">
        <label for="annual-increase">Annual Increase (%):</label>
        <div class="unit-input">
          <input type="number" id="annual-increase" min="0" max="20" step="0.5" value="3" placeholder="Enter annual increase">
          <span class="unit-symbol">%</span>
        </div>
      </div>
    </div>

    <div class="section-heading">
      <h4>Investment Details</h4>
    </div>

    <div class="input-row">
      <div class="input-group">
        <label for="expected-return">Expected Annual Return (%):</label>
        <div class="unit-input">
          <input type="number" id="expected-return" min="0" max="30" step="0.1" value="7" placeholder="Enter expected return">
          <span class="unit-symbol">%</span>
        </div>
      </div>

      <div class="input-group">
        <label for="investment-length">Investment Length:</label>
        <div class="length-input-group">
          <input type="number" id="investment-length" min="1" step="1" value="20" placeholder="Enter investment length">
          <select id="length-type">
            <option value="years">Years</option>
            <option value="months">Months</option>
          </select>
        </div>
      </div>
    </div>

    <div class="input-row">
      <div class="input-group">
        <label for="compound-frequency">Compounding Frequency:</label>
        <select id="compound-frequency">
          <option value="1">Annually</option>
          <option value="2">Semi-annually</option>
          <option value="4">Quarterly</option>
          <option value="12" selected>Monthly</option>
          <option value="365">Daily</option>
        </select>
      </div>

      <div class="input-group">
        <div class="checkbox-option">
          <input type="checkbox" id="adjust-inflation" name="adjust-inflation">
          <label for="adjust-inflation">Adjust for inflation</label>
        </div>
        <div class="unit-input" id="inflation-rate-container">
          <label for="inflation-rate">Inflation Rate (%):</label>
          <div class="unit-input">
            <input type="number" id="inflation-rate" min="0" max="10" step="0.1" value="2.5" placeholder="Enter inflation rate">
            <span class="unit-symbol">%</span>
          </div>
        </div>
      </div>
    </div>

    <div class="advanced-options">
      <h4>Advanced Options</h4>
      <div class="input-row">
        <div class="input-group">
          <label for="tax-rate">Tax Rate on Returns (%):</label>
          <div class="unit-input">
            <input type="number" id="tax-rate" min="0" max="50" step="0.1" value="0" placeholder="Enter tax rate">
            <span class="unit-symbol">%</span>
          </div>
        </div>

        <div class="input-group">
          <label for="fee-rate">Annual Fee (%):</label>
          <div class="unit-input">
            <input type="number" id="fee-rate" min="0" max="5" step="0.01" value="0.5" placeholder="Enter annual fee">
            <span class="unit-symbol">%</span>
          </div>
        </div>
      </div>

      <div class="input-row">
        <div class="input-group">
          <div class="checkbox-option">
            <input type="checkbox" id="show-table" name="show-table" checked>
            <label for="show-table">Show detailed results table</label>
          </div>
        </div>

        <div class="input-group">
          <label for="decimal-places">Decimal Places:</label>
          <select id="decimal-places">
            <option value="0">0</option>
            <option value="1">1</option>
            <option value="2" selected>2</option>
          </select>
        </div>
      </div>
    </div>

    <div class="btn-group">
      <button id="calculate-btn" class="calculate-btn">Calculate Investment</button>
      <button id="reset-btn" class="reset-btn">Reset</button>
    </div>
  </div>

  <div id="result-container" class="result-container hidden">
    <h3>Investment Calculation Results</h3>

    <div class="results-grid">
      <div class="result-card primary">
        <div class="result-title">Final Investment Value</div>
        <div class="result-value" id="result-final-value">$0.00</div>
        <div class="result-info">After <span id="result-years">0</span> years</div>
      </div>

      <div class="result-card">
        <div class="result-title">Total Contributions</div>
        <div class="result-value" id="result-contributions">$0.00</div>
      </div>

      <div class="result-card">
        <div class="result-title">Total Interest Earned</div>
        <div class="result-value" id="result-interest">$0.00</div>
      </div>

      <div class="result-card">
        <div class="result-title">Growth Multiplier</div>
        <div class="result-value" id="result-multiplier">0×</div>
      </div>
    </div>

    <div class="results-grid">
      <div class="result-card">
        <div class="result-title">Annual Return</div>
        <div class="result-value" id="result-annual-return">0%</div>
        <div class="result-info">Before fees and taxes</div>
      </div>

      <div class="result-card">
        <div class="result-title">Effective Annual Return</div>
        <div class="result-value" id="result-effective-return">0%</div>
        <div class="result-info">After fees and taxes</div>
      </div>

      <div class="result-card">
        <div class="result-title">Total Fees Paid</div>
        <div class="result-value" id="result-fees">$0.00</div>
      </div>

      <div class="result-card">
        <div class="result-title">Inflation-Adjusted Value</div>
        <div class="result-value" id="result-inflation-adjusted">$0.00</div>
        <div class="result-info">In today's dollars</div>
      </div>
    </div>

    <div id="chart-container" class="chart-container">
      <h4>Investment Growth Over Time</h4>
      <canvas id="investment-chart" width="400" height="200"></canvas>
    </div>

    <div id="results-table-container" class="results-table-container">
      <h4>Detailed Investment Breakdown</h4>
      <div class="results-table">
        <table>
          <thead>
            <tr>
              <th>Year</th>
              <th>Starting Balance</th>
              <th>Contributions</th>
              <th>Interest</th>
              <th>Fees</th>
              <th>Taxes</th>
              <th>Ending Balance</th>
            </tr>
          </thead>
          <tbody id="results-table-body">
            <!-- Table rows will be added here -->
          </tbody>
        </table>
      </div>
    </div>

    <div class="calculation-steps">
      <h4>Calculation Methodology</h4>
      <div id="calculation-content" class="steps-content">
        <!-- Calculation steps will appear here -->
      </div>
    </div>

    <div class="formula-section">
      <h4>Investment Growth Formula</h4>
      <div class="equation">
        FV = P(1 + r/n)^(nt) + PMT × [(1 + r/n)^(nt) - 1] / (r/n)
      </div>
      <p>
        Where FV is the future value, P is the principal, r is the annual interest rate, n is the number of compounds per year, t is the time in years, and PMT is the regular payment amount.
      </p>
    </div>
  </div>

  <div class="calculator-footer">
    <div class="theory-section">
      <h4>About Investment Growth</h4>
      <p>
        Investment growth depends on several factors including initial amount, contribution frequency, interest rate, and compounding frequency. 
        The power of compound interest means that even small regular contributions can grow significantly over time.
      </p>

      <div class="theory-subsection">
        <h5>The Power of Compounding</h5>
        <p>
          Compound interest is the addition of interest to the principal sum of an investment, or in other words, interest on interest. 
          This effect can dramatically increase the growth of an investment over time, especially with higher interest rates and longer time periods.
        </p>
      </div>

      <div class="theory-subsection">
        <h5>Impact of Regular Contributions</h5>
        <p>
          Making regular contributions to your investment can significantly boost your returns. 
          Even small but consistent deposits can lead to substantial growth due to compounding effects on each contribution over time.
        </p>
      </div>

      <div class="theory-subsection">
        <h5>Considerations</h5>
        <ul>
          <li><strong>Inflation:</strong> Reduces the purchasing power of your future investment value.</li>
          <li><strong>Fees:</strong> Investment management fees, transaction costs, and other expenses can significantly reduce overall returns.</li>
          <li><strong>Taxes:</strong> Depending on the investment type, taxes may be due on investment gains, affecting net returns.</li>
          <li><strong>Risk:</strong> Higher returns generally come with higher risk. This calculator assumes a steady return rate which rarely occurs in real-world investments.</li>
        </ul>
      </div>
    </div>
  </div>
</div>
	        
			
	        <!-- Calculator HTML content -->
	        
	            <script>
// ========================
// Calculation Functions
// ========================

function calculateInvestment() {
  // Get basic input values
  const initialAmount = parseFloat(document.getElementById('initial-amount').value) || 0;
  const contributionAmount = parseFloat(document.getElementById('contribution-amount').value) || 0;
  const contributionFrequency = parseInt(document.getElementById('contribution-frequency').value);
  const expectedReturn = parseFloat(document.getElementById('expected-return').value) / 100;
  const compoundFrequency = parseInt(document.getElementById('compound-frequency').value);
  const feeRate = parseFloat(document.getElementById('fee-rate').value) / 100;
  const taxRate = parseFloat(document.getElementById('tax-rate').value) / 100;
  
  // Get investment length
  let investmentLength = parseInt(document.getElementById('investment-length').value);
  const lengthType = document.getElementById('length-type').value;
  if (lengthType === 'months') {
    investmentLength = investmentLength / 12;
  }
  
  // Get inflation adjustment settings
  const adjustInflation = document.getElementById('adjust-inflation').checked;
  const inflationRate = adjustInflation ? parseFloat(document.getElementById('inflation-rate').value) / 100 : 0;
  
  // Get contribution increase settings
  const increaseContributions = document.getElementById('increase-contributions').checked;
  const annualIncrease = increaseContributions ? parseFloat(document.getElementById('annual-increase').value) / 100 : 0;
  
  // Calculate effective interest rate (after fees)
  const effectiveRate = expectedReturn - feeRate;
  
  // Initialize variables for tracking
  let balance = initialAmount;
  let totalContributions = initialAmount;
  let totalInterest = 0;
  let totalFees = 0;
  let totalTaxes = 0;
  let yearlyData = [];
  
  // Calculate periodic values
  const periodsPerYear = compoundFrequency;
  const yearsToCalculate = Math.ceil(investmentLength);
  const totalPeriods = yearsToCalculate * periodsPerYear;
  const periodicRate = effectiveRate / periodsPerYear;
  const periodicContributions = contributionAmount * (contributionFrequency / periodsPerYear);
  
  // Calculate year-by-year growth
  let currentContribution = contributionAmount;
  
  for (let year = 1; year <= yearsToCalculate; year++) {
    const yearStartBalance = balance;
    let yearContributions = 0;
    let yearInterest = 0;
    let yearFees = 0;
    let yearTaxes = 0;
    
    // Process each period within the year
    for (let period = 1; period <= periodsPerYear; period++) {
      // Apply periodic contribution
      const periodContribution = currentContribution * (contributionFrequency / periodsPerYear);
      balance += periodContribution;
      yearContributions += periodContribution;
      
      // Calculate interest for the period (before taxes)
      const interestEarned = balance * periodicRate;
      
      // Calculate taxes on the interest
      const taxAmount = interestEarned * taxRate;
      yearTaxes += taxAmount;
      
      // Add interest after taxes
      balance += (interestEarned - taxAmount);
      yearInterest += interestEarned;
      
      // Track fees (already accounted for in effective rate)
      const feesAmount = balance * (feeRate / periodsPerYear);
      yearFees += feesAmount;
    }
    
    // Track totals
    totalContributions += yearContributions;
    totalInterest += yearInterest;
    totalFees += yearFees;
    totalTaxes += yearTaxes;
    
    // Increase contribution for next year if enabled
    if (increaseContributions) {
      currentContribution *= (1 + annualIncrease);
    }
    
    // Store yearly data for table display
    yearlyData.push({
      year: year,
      startBalance: yearStartBalance,
      contributions: yearContributions,
      interest: yearInterest,
      fees: yearFees,
      taxes: yearTaxes,
      endBalance: balance
    });
    
    // If we've reached the exact investment length, break the loop
    if (year >= investmentLength) {
      break;
    }
  }
  
  // Calculate inflation-adjusted value
  const inflationFactor = adjustInflation ? Math.pow(1 + inflationRate, investmentLength) : 1;
  const inflationAdjustedValue = balance / inflationFactor;
  
  // Calculate growth multiplier
  const growthMultiplier = balance / initialAmount;
  
  // Generate calculation steps
  const steps = generateCalculationSteps(
    initialAmount, contributionAmount, contributionFrequency, expectedReturn,
    compoundFrequency, feeRate, taxRate, investmentLength, lengthType,
    totalContributions, totalInterest, balance, adjustInflation, inflationRate,
    increaseContributions, annualIncrease, totalFees, totalTaxes
  );
  
  // Return the results
  return {
    initialAmount: initialAmount,
    contributionAmount: contributionAmount,
    contributionFrequency: contributionFrequency,
    expectedReturn: expectedReturn,
    effectiveRate: effectiveRate,
    compoundFrequency: compoundFrequency,
    investmentLength: investmentLength,
    finalValue: balance,
    totalContributions: totalContributions,
    totalInterest: totalInterest,
    totalFees: totalFees,
    totalTaxes: totalTaxes,
    inflationAdjustedValue: inflationAdjustedValue,
    growthMultiplier: growthMultiplier,
    yearlyData: yearlyData,
    steps: steps
  };
}

function generateCalculationSteps(
  initialAmount, contributionAmount, contributionFrequency, expectedReturn,
  compoundFrequency, feeRate, taxRate, investmentLength, lengthType,
  totalContributions, totalInterest, finalValue, adjustInflation, inflationRate,
  increaseContributions, annualIncrease, totalFees, totalTaxes
) {
  const steps = [];
  
  steps.push(`<p><strong>Input Values:</strong></p>`);
  steps.push(`<p>Initial Investment: $${initialAmount.toFixed(2)}</p>`);
  steps.push(`<p>Regular Contribution: $${contributionAmount.toFixed(2)} per ${getFrequencyText(contributionFrequency)}</p>`);
  
  if (increaseContributions) {
    steps.push(`<p>Annual Contribution Increase: ${(annualIncrease * 100).toFixed(2)}%</p>`);
  }
  
  steps.push(`<p>Investment Length: ${investmentLength.toFixed(2)} years</p>`);
  steps.push(`<p>Expected Annual Return: ${(expectedReturn * 100).toFixed(2)}%</p>`);
  steps.push(`<p>Compounding Frequency: ${getCompoundingText(compoundFrequency)}</p>`);
  steps.push(`<p>Annual Fee: ${(feeRate * 100).toFixed(2)}%</p>`);
  steps.push(`<p>Tax Rate on Returns: ${(taxRate * 100).toFixed(2)}%</p>`);
  
  if (adjustInflation) {
    steps.push(`<p>Inflation Rate: ${(inflationRate * 100).toFixed(2)}%</p>`);
  }
  
  steps.push(`<p><strong>Step 1: Calculate effective interest rate</strong></p>`);
  steps.push(`<p>Effective Rate = Expected Return - Annual Fee = ${(expectedReturn * 100).toFixed(2)}% - ${(feeRate * 100).toFixed(2)}% = ${((expectedReturn - feeRate) * 100).toFixed(2)}%</p>`);
  
  steps.push(`<p><strong>Step 2: Calculate periodic values</strong></p>`);
  steps.push(`<p>Periods Per Year: ${compoundFrequency}</p>`);
  steps.push(`<p>Periodic Rate: ${((expectedReturn - feeRate) * 100).toFixed(2)}% ÷ ${compoundFrequency} = ${(((expectedReturn - feeRate) / compoundFrequency) * 100).toFixed(4)}% per period</p>`);
  
  const periodicContributions = contributionAmount * (contributionFrequency / compoundFrequency);
  steps.push(`<p>Periodic Contribution: $${contributionAmount.toFixed(2)} × (${contributionFrequency} ÷ ${compoundFrequency}) = $${periodicContributions.toFixed(2)} per period</p>`);
  
  steps.push(`<p><strong>Step 3: Calculate growth over ${investmentLength.toFixed(2)} years</strong></p>`);
  steps.push(`<p>For each period, the calculator:</p>`);
  steps.push(`<p>• Adds the periodic contribution</p>`);
  steps.push(`<p>• Calculates interest based on the current balance</p>`);
  steps.push(`<p>• Applies taxes to the interest (if applicable)</p>`);
  steps.push(`<p>• Tracks fees based on the annual fee rate</p>`);
  
  if (increaseContributions) {
    steps.push(`<p>• Increases contributions by ${(annualIncrease * 100).toFixed(2)}% each year</p>`);
  }
  
  if (adjustInflation) {
    steps.push(`<p><strong>Step 4: Adjust for inflation</strong></p>`);
    steps.push(`<p>Inflation Factor = (1 + ${(inflationRate * 100).toFixed(2)}%)^${investmentLength.toFixed(2)} = ${Math.pow(1 + inflationRate, investmentLength).toFixed(4)}</p>`);
    steps.push(`<p>Inflation-Adjusted Value = $${finalValue.toFixed(2)} ÷ ${Math.pow(1 + inflationRate, investmentLength).toFixed(4)} = $${(finalValue / Math.pow(1 + inflationRate, investmentLength)).toFixed(2)}</p>`);
  }
  
  steps.push(`<p><strong>Summary:</strong></p>`);
  steps.push(`<p>Initial Investment: $${initialAmount.toFixed(2)}</p>`);
  steps.push(`<p>Total Contributions: $${totalContributions.toFixed(2)}</p>`);
  steps.push(`<p>Total Interest Earned: $${totalInterest.toFixed(2)}</p>`);
  steps.push(`<p>Total Fees Paid: $${totalFees.toFixed(2)}</p>`);
  steps.push(`<p>Total Taxes Paid: $${totalTaxes.toFixed(2)}</p>`);
  steps.push(`<p>Final Investment Value: $${finalValue.toFixed(2)}</p>`);
  
  if (adjustInflation) {
    steps.push(`<p>Inflation-Adjusted Value: $${(finalValue / Math.pow(1 + inflationRate, investmentLength)).toFixed(2)}</p>`);
  }
  
  return steps;
}

function getFrequencyText(frequency) {
  switch (frequency) {
    case 1: return "year";
    case 2: return "6 months";
    case 4: return "quarter";
    case 12: return "month";
    case 26: return "2 weeks";
    case 52: return "week";
    default: return frequency.toString() + " times per year";
  }
}

function getCompoundingText(frequency) {
  switch (frequency) {
    case 1: return "Annually (once per year)";
    case 2: return "Semi-Annually (twice per year)";
    case 4: return "Quarterly (four times per year)";
    case 12: return "Monthly (twelve times per year)";
    case 365: return "Daily (365 times per year)";
    default: return frequency.toString() + " times per year";
  }
}

function formatNumber(value, precision) {
  return Number(value).toLocaleString('en-US', {
    minimumFractionDigits: precision,
    maximumFractionDigits: precision
  });
}

function formatMoney(value, precision) {
  return '$' + formatNumber(value, precision);
}

function formatPercent(value, precision) {
  return formatNumber(value, precision) + '%';
}

// ========================
// UI Functions
// ========================

function displayResults(result) {
  const precision = parseInt(document.getElementById('decimal-places').value);
  
  // Set years in results
  document.getElementById('result-years').textContent = result.investmentLength.toFixed(precision);
  
  // Set primary results
  document.getElementById('result-final-value').textContent = formatMoney(result.finalValue, precision);
  document.getElementById('result-contributions').textContent = formatMoney(result.totalContributions, precision);
  document.getElementById('result-interest').textContent = formatMoney(result.totalInterest, precision);
  document.getElementById('result-multiplier').textContent = formatNumber(result.growthMultiplier, precision) + '×';
  
  // Set additional metrics
  document.getElementById('result-annual-return').textContent = formatPercent(result.expectedReturn * 100, precision);
  document.getElementById('result-effective-return').textContent = formatPercent(result.effectiveRate * 100, precision);
  document.getElementById('result-fees').textContent = formatMoney(result.totalFees, precision);
  document.getElementById('result-inflation-adjusted').textContent = formatMoney(result.inflationAdjustedValue, precision);
  
  // Populate results table if enabled
  if (document.getElementById('show-table').checked) {
    populateResultsTable(result, precision);
    document.getElementById('results-table-container').classList.remove('hidden');
  } else {
    document.getElementById('results-table-container').classList.add('hidden');
  }
  
  // Generate chart
  generateInvestmentChart(result, precision);
  
  // Set calculation steps
  document.getElementById('calculation-content').innerHTML = result.steps.join('');
  
  // Show results container
  document.getElementById('result-container').classList.remove('hidden');
  
  // Scroll to results
  document.getElementById('result-container').scrollIntoView({ behavior: 'smooth', block: 'start' });
}

function populateResultsTable(result, precision) {
  const tableBody = document.getElementById('results-table-body');
  tableBody.innerHTML = '';
  
  result.yearlyData.forEach(yearData => {
    const row = document.createElement('tr');
    row.innerHTML = `
      <td>${yearData.year}</td>
      <td>${formatMoney(yearData.startBalance, precision)}</td>
      <td>${formatMoney(yearData.contributions, precision)}</td>
      <td>${formatMoney(yearData.interest, precision)}</td>
      <td>${formatMoney(yearData.fees, precision)}</td>
      <td>${formatMoney(yearData.taxes, precision)}</td>
      <td>${formatMoney(yearData.endBalance, precision)}</td>
    `;
    tableBody.appendChild(row);
  });
}

function generateInvestmentChart(result, precision) {
  const chartCanvas = document.getElementById('investment-chart');
  
  // Destroy previous chart if it exists
  if (window.investmentChart) {
    window.investmentChart.destroy();
  }
  
  // Prepare data for chart
  const years = result.yearlyData.map(data => `Year ${data.year}`);
  const balances = result.yearlyData.map(data => data.endBalance);
  const contributions = [];
  let runningContributions = result.initialAmount;
  
  result.yearlyData.forEach(data => {
    runningContributions += data.contributions;
    contributions.push(runningContributions);
  });
  
  // Create chart
  window.investmentChart = new Chart(chartCanvas, {
    type: 'line',
    data: {
      labels: years,
      datasets: [{
        label: 'Balance',
        data: balances,
        backgroundColor: 'rgba(41, 128, 185, 0.2)',
        borderColor: 'rgba(41, 128, 185, 1)',
        borderWidth: 2,
        fill: true,
      }, {
        label: 'Contributions',
        data: contributions,
        backgroundColor: 'rgba(46, 204, 113, 0.2)',
        borderColor: 'rgba(46, 204, 113, 1)',
        borderWidth: 2,
        fill: true,
      }]
    },
    options: {
      responsive: true,
      plugins: {
        title: {
          display: true,
          text: 'Investment Growth Over Time'
        },
        tooltip: {
          callbacks: {
            label: function(context) {
              let label = context.dataset.label || '';
              if (label) {
                label += ': ';
              }
              if (context.parsed.y !== null) {
                label += new Intl.NumberFormat('en-US', {
                  style: 'currency',
                  currency: 'USD',
                  minimumFractionDigits: precision,
                  maximumFractionDigits: precision
                }).format(context.parsed.y);
              }
              return label;
            }
          }
        }
      },
      scales: {
        y: {
          beginAtZero: true,
          title: {
            display: true,
            text: 'Value ($)'
          },
          ticks: {
            callback: function(value) {
              return '$' + value.toLocaleString();
            }
          }
        }
      }
    }
  });
}

function validateInputs() {
  const initialAmount = document.getElementById('initial-amount');
  const contributionAmount = document.getElementById('contribution-amount');
  const expectedReturn = document.getElementById('expected-return');
  const investmentLength = document.getElementById('investment-length');
  
  if (initialAmount.value === '' || isNaN(parseFloat(initialAmount.value)) || parseFloat(initialAmount.value) < 0) {
    alert('Initial amount must be a non-negative number.');
    return false;
  }
  
  if (contributionAmount.value === '' || isNaN(parseFloat(contributionAmount.value)) || parseFloat(contributionAmount.value) < 0) {
    alert('Contribution amount must be a non-negative number.');
    return false;
  }
  
  if (expectedReturn.value === '' || isNaN(parseFloat(expectedReturn.value)) || parseFloat(expectedReturn.value) < 0) {
    alert('Expected return must be a non-negative number.');
    return false;
  }
  
  if (investmentLength.value === '' || isNaN(parseInt(investmentLength.value)) || parseInt(investmentLength.value) <= 0) {
    alert('Investment length must be a positive number.');
    return false;
  }
  
  return true;
}

function resetCalculator() {
  // Reset all input fields to default values
  document.getElementById('initial-amount').value = '10000';
  document.getElementById('start-date').value = getTodayDate();
  document.getElementById('contribution-amount').value = '500';
  document.getElementById('contribution-frequency').value = '12';
  document.getElementById('increase-contributions').checked = false;
  document.getElementById('annual-increase').value = '3';
  document.getElementById('expected-return').value = '7';
  document.getElementById('investment-length').value = '20';
  document.getElementById('length-type').value = 'years';
  document.getElementById('compound-frequency').value = '12';
  document.getElementById('adjust-inflation').checked = false;
  document.getElementById('inflation-rate').value = '2.5';
  document.getElementById('tax-rate').value = '0';
  document.getElementById('fee-rate').value = '0.5';
  document.getElementById('show-table').checked = true;
  document.getElementById('decimal-places').value = '2';
  
  // Hide conditional containers
  toggleAnnualIncreaseContainer();
  toggleInflationRateContainer();
  
  // Hide results
  document.getElementById('result-container').classList.add('hidden');
  
  // Scroll to top
  window.scrollTo({ top: 0, behavior: 'smooth' });
}

function getTodayDate() {
  const today = new Date();
  const year = today.getFullYear();
  const month = String(today.getMonth() + 1).padStart(2, '0');
  const day = String(today.getDate()).padStart(2, '0');
  return `${year}-${month}-${day}`;
}

function toggleAnnualIncreaseContainer() {
  const increaseContributions = document.getElementById('increase-contributions').checked;
  const annualIncreaseContainer = document.getElementById('annual-increase-container');
  
  if (increaseContributions) {
    annualIncreaseContainer.style.display = 'block';
  } else {
    annualIncreaseContainer.style.display = 'none';
  }
}

function toggleInflationRateContainer() {
  const adjustInflation = document.getElementById('adjust-inflation').checked;
  const inflationRateContainer = document.getElementById('inflation-rate-container');
  
  if (adjustInflation) {
    inflationRateContainer.style.display = 'block';
  } else {
    inflationRateContainer.style.display = 'none';
  }
}

// ========================
// Event Handlers
// ========================

document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function() {
  const calculateBtn = document.getElementById('calculate-btn');
  const resetBtn = document.getElementById('reset-btn');
  const increaseContributions = document.getElementById('increase-contributions');
  const adjustInflation = document.getElementById('adjust-inflation');
  
  // Set current date as default start date
  document.getElementById('start-date').value = getTodayDate();
  
  // Initialize conditional containers
  toggleAnnualIncreaseContainer();
  toggleInflationRateContainer();
  
  calculateBtn.addEventListener('click', function() {
    if (validateInputs()) {
      const result = calculateInvestment();
      if (result) {
        displayResults(result);
      }
    }
  });
  
  resetBtn.addEventListener('click', resetCalculator);
  
  increaseContributions.addEventListener('change', toggleAnnualIncreaseContainer);
  
  adjustInflation.addEventListener('change', toggleInflationRateContainer);
});
</script>
	        
			


			<!-- Additional content, if available -->
			<div id="additional-output" class="mt-4">
			    
			        <div class="formula-container">
  <strong><a href="/categories/investment/">Investment</a> Growth Formula:</strong><br>
  <code>FV = P(1 + r/n)<sup>nt</sup> + PMT × [(1 + r/n)<sup>nt</sup> - 1] / (r/n)</code>
  <p>
    Where:<br>
    <strong>FV</strong> = future value of the investment<br>
    <strong>P</strong> = initial investment amount (principal)<br>
    <strong>r</strong> = annual interest rate (decimal)<br>
    <strong>n</strong> = number of times interest is compounded per year<br>
    <strong>t</strong> = number of years<br>
    <strong>PMT</strong> = regular contribution per compounding period
  </p>
</div>

<h2>What Is the Investment Calculator?</h2>
<p>
  This Investment Calculator is a practical <a href="/themes/financial/">Financial</a> planning tool that helps you estimate how your money could grow over time. 
  By using inputs like your initial investment, ongoing contributions, interest rate, and more, it calculates your future investment value. 
  It's ideal for building a <strong>future value estimate</strong>, planning long-term savings, or setting realistic financial goals.
</p>
<p>
  Whether you're looking to understand <strong>compound interest growth</strong> or evaluate your <strong>return on investment</strong>, this tool is a smart way to get a personalized <strong>portfolio projection</strong>.
</p>

<h2>How to Use the Calculator</h2>
<p>To make the most of this <strong>investment growth tool</strong>, follow these steps:</p>
<ul>
  <li><strong>Enter your initial investment</strong> – the amount you’re starting with.</li>
  <li><strong>Select your contribution amount and frequency</strong> – monthly, bi-weekly, quarterly, etc.</li>
  <li><strong>Choose how long you plan to invest</strong> – in years or months.</li>
  <li><strong>Set your expected annual return</strong> – typically based on historical market performance or personal estimates.</li>
  <li><strong>Pick how often interest is compounded</strong> – annually, monthly, daily, etc.</li>
  <li><strong>Adjust for inflation</strong> and add any estimated taxes or fees if needed.</li>
  <li><strong>Click “Calculate Investment”</strong> to see your results, including total contributions, interest earned, fees paid, and inflation-adjusted value.</li>
</ul>

<h2>Key Features</h2>
<ul>
  <li><strong>Flexible contribution options</strong> – choose from multiple frequencies and add annual contribution increases.</li>
  <li><strong>Advanced customization</strong> – factor in taxes, fees, and inflation for a more accurate financial forecast.</li>
  <li><strong>Detailed breakdown</strong> – view year-by-year performance in table form.</li>
  <li><strong>Interactive chart</strong> – visualize your investment growth over time.</li>
</ul>

<h2>How This Tool Helps You</h2>
<p>
  This calculator supports smarter <strong>investment planning</strong> by showing how your money can grow based on real-world factors. 
  It serves as both a <strong>compound earnings projection</strong> and a <strong>future value estimator</strong>. Whether you're planning for <a href="/categories/retirement/">Retirement</a>, saving for education, or building a nest egg, this tool can help:
</p>
<ul>
  <li>Make informed decisions using visual forecasts and summaries.</li>
  <li>Compare different strategies by adjusting inputs like frequency, length, and rate.</li>
  <li>Understand the effects of inflation, fees, and taxes on your net returns.</li>
</ul>

<h2>Frequently Asked Questions</h2>

<h3>What’s the difference between simple and compound interest?</h3>
<p>
  Simple interest is calculated only on the original principal. Compound interest is calculated on both the principal and accumulated interest. This calculator uses the <strong>compound interest formula</strong> to estimate <strong>compound earnings</strong> over time.
</p>

<h3>Why adjust for inflation?</h3>
<p>
  Inflation reduces the purchasing power of your money. Adjusting for it helps you understand the <strong>real value</strong> of your future investment in today’s dollars using a <strong><a href="/future-value-calculator/">Future Value Calculator</a></strong>.
</p>

<h3>What does “Effective Annual Return” mean?</h3>
<p>
  It’s your expected return after accounting for fees and taxes. This gives a clearer view of your actual gains.
</p>

<h3>How accurate is this calculator?</h3>
<p>
  It provides a solid <strong>financial forecast</strong> based on your inputs. However, market returns can vary, so use it for planning and comparison—not prediction.
</p>

<h3>Can I use this for different goals?</h3>
<p>
  Yes! It’s also useful as a <strong>savings growth calculator</strong>, <strong><a href="/compound-interest-calculator/">Compound <a href="/interest-calculator/">Interest Calculator</a></a></strong>, or even a <strong>future value tool</strong> for college funds, retirement, or major purchases.
</p>

<h2>Explore Your Financial Future</h2>
<p>
  Planning ahead is easier with the right tools. This calculator combines simplicity with insight to help you take control of your financial goals. 
  Use it regularly as a <strong>portfolio growth checker</strong>, <strong>investment planner</strong>, or <strong>interest growth tool</strong> and watch how small contributions today can lead to meaningful results tomorrow.
</p>
			    
			</div>
			
			
			
	    </div>
	

		<!-- Popular Themes and Categories Section -->
		    <div id="popular-section" class="p-3 popular-column" style="flex-basis: 350px; flex-grow: 0; flex-shrink: 0; border-radius: 0.25rem 0.25rem 0.25rem 0.25rem; box-shadow: 0 0 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);">
		        <h3>Investment Calculators:</h3>
		        
					
					        <ul>
					            
					                <li>
					                    <a href="/compound-interest-calculator/">
					                        Compound Interest Calculator
					                    </a>
					                </li>
					            
					                <li>
					                    <a href="/interest-calculator/">
					                        Interest Calculator
					                    </a>
					                </li>
					            
					                <li>
					                    <a href="/savings-calculator/">
					                        Savings Calculator
					                    </a>
					                </li>
					            
					                <li>
					                    <a href="/simple-interest-calculator/">
					                        Simple Interest Calculator
					                    </a>
					                </li>
					            
					                <li>
					                    <a href="/cd-calculator/">
					                        CD Calculator
					                    </a>
					                </li>
					            
					                <li>
					                    <a href="/bond-calculator/">
					                        Bond Calculator
					                    </a>
					                </li>
					            
					                <li>
					                    <a href="/roi-calculator/">
					                        Return on Investment (ROI) Calculator
					                    </a>
					                </li>
					            
					                <li>
					                    <a href="/payback-period-calculator/">
					                        Payback Period Calculator
					                    </a>
					                </li>
					            
					                <li>
					                    <a href="/present-value-calculator/">
					                        Present Value Calculator
					                    </a>
					                </li>
					            
					                <li>
					                    <a href="/future-value-calculator/">
					                        Future Value Calculator
					                    </a>
					                </li>
					            
					                <li>
					                    <a href="/stock-calculator/">
					                        Stock Calculator
					                    </a>
					                </li>
					            
					                <li>
					                    <a href="/options-profit-calculator/">
					                        Options Profit Calculator
					                    </a>
					                </li>
					            
					                <li>
					                    <a href="/dividend-growth-calculator/">
					                        Dividend Growth Calculator
					                    </a>
					                </li>
					            
					                <li>
					                    <a href="/dividend-calculator/">
					                        Dividend Calculator
					                    </a>
					                </li>
					            
					                <li>
					                    <a href="/mutual-fund-calculator/">
					                        Mutual Fund Calculator
					                    </a>
					                </li>
					            
					                <li>
					                    <a href="/interest-rate-calculator/">
					                        Interest Rate Calculator
					                    </a>
					                </li>
					            
					                <li>
					                    <a href="/average-return-calculator/">
					                        Average Return Calculator
					                    </a>
					                </li>
					            
					                <li>
					                    <a href="/roas-calculator/">
					                        ROAS Calculator
					                    </a>
					                </li>
					            
					                <li>
					                    <a href="/monthly-interest-calculator/">
					                        Monthly Interest Calculator
					                    </a>
					                </li>
					            
					                <li>
					                    <a href="/rate-of-return-calculator/">
					                        Rate of Return Calculator
					                    </a>
					                </li>
					            
					                <li>
					                    <a href="/time-value-of-money-calculator/">
					                        Time Value of Money Calculator
					                    </a>
					                </li>
					            
					                <li>
					                    <a href="/dividend-yield-calculator/">
					                        Dividend Yield Calculator
					                    </a>
					                </li>
					            
					                <li>
					                    <a href="/bond-price-calculator/">
					                        Bond Price Calculator
					                    </a>
					                </li>
					            
					                <li>
					                    <a href="/future-value-of-annuity-calculator/">
					                        Future Value of Annuity Calculator
					                    </a>
					                </li>
					            
					                <li>
					                    <a href="/compound-interest-rate-calculator/">
					                        Compound Interest Rate Calculator
					                    </a>
					                </li>
					            
					                <li>
					                    <a href="/yield-to-maturity-calculator/">
					                        Yield to Maturity Calculator
					                    </a>
					                </li>
					            
					                <li>
					                    <a href="/compound-growth-calculator/">
					                        Compound Growth Calculator
					                    </a>
					                </li>
					            
					                <li>
					                    <a href="/rule-of-72-calculator/">
					                        Rule of 72 Calculator
					                    </a>
					                </li>
					            
					                <li>
					                    <a href="/expense-ratio-calculator/">
					                        Expense Ratio Calculator
					                    </a>
					                </li>
					            
					                <li>
					                    <a href="/appreciation-calculator/">
					                        Appreciation Calculator
					                    </a>
					                </li>
					            
					                <li>
					                    <a href="/blended-rate-calculator/">
					                        Blended Rate Calculator
					                    </a>
					                </li>
					            
					                <li>
					                    <a href="/black-scholes-calculator/">
					                        Black Scholes Calculator
					                    </a>
					                </li>
					            
					                <li>
					                    <a href="/money-market-account-calculator/">
					                        Money Market Account Calculator
					                    </a>
					                </li>
					            
					                <li>
					                    <a href="/basis-point-calculator/">
					                        Basis Point Calculator
					                    </a>
					                </li>
					            
					                <li>
					                    <a href="/continuous-compound-interest-calculator/">
					                        Continuous Compound Interest Calculator
					                    </a>
					                </li>
					            
					                <li>
					                    <a href="/effective-annual-rate-calculator/">
					                        Effective Annual Rate Calculator
					                    </a>
					                </li>
					            
					                <li>
					                    <a href="/apy-calculator/">
					                        APY Calculator
					                    </a>
					                </li>
					            
					                <li>
					                    <a href="/cagr-calculator/">
					                        CAGR Calculator
					                    </a>
					                </li>
					            
					                <li>
					                    <a href="/npv-calculator/">
					                        NPV Calculator
					                    </a>
					                </li>
					            
					                <li>
					                    <a href="/tax-equivalent-yield-calculator/">
					                        Tax Equivalent Yield Calculator
					                    </a>
					                </li>
					            
					                <li>
					                    <a href="/mirr-calculator/">
					                        MIRR Calculator
					                    </a>
					                </li>
					            
					                <li>
					                    <a href="/irr-calculator/">
					                        IRR Calculator
					                    </a>
					                </li>
					            
					                <li>
					                    <a href="/bond-yield-calculator/">
					                        Bond Yield Calculator
					                    </a>
					                </li>
					            
					                <li>
					                    <a href="/discounted-cash-flow-calculator/">
					                        Discounted Cash Flow Calculator
					                    </a>
					                </li>
					            
					                <li>
					                    <a href="/millionaire-calculator/">
					                        Millionaire Calculator
					                    </a>
					                </li>
					            
					                <li>
					                    <a href="/cd-rate-calculator/">
					                        CD Rate Calculator
					                    </a>
					                </li>
					            
					                <li>
					                    <a href="/stock-average-calculator/">
					                        Stock Average Calculator
					                    </a>
					                </li>
					            
					                <li>
					                    <a href="/ramsey-investment-calculator/">
					                        Ramsey Investment Calculator
					                    </a>
					                </li>
					            
					                <li>
					                    <a href="/sip-calculator/">
					                        SIP Calculator
					                    </a>
					                </li>
					            
					        </ul>
					    
		           
		    </div>



	
	
</div>

    </main>

    <!-- Footer -->
    <footer class="text-left py-3">
        
            
                <a href="/info/about-us">About Calculator.now</a>
                 | 
            
                <a href="/info/editors-choice">Editor&#39;s Choice</a>
                 | 
            
                <a href="/info/contact-us">Contact Us</a>
                
            
        
				| <a href="/popular/">Popular Calculators</a> | <a href="/sitemap/">Sitemap</a> | <a href="https://converters.now" target="_blank" title="Converters">Converters</a><BR>
        <p>2025 &copy; Calculator.now - ⌚ <a href="https://time.now" style="text-decoration: none; color: inherit;"><span id="time-now">Time now is XX:YY:ZZ</span></a></p>
		
        <p>Calculators in other languages:
			
		
		
	        
	        
	        

	        
	            
	                 | <a href="https://beregner.org" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Beregnere</a> 🇩🇰
	        
	            
	                 | <a href="https://kalkylator.pro" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Kalkylatorer</a> 🇸🇪
	        
	            
	                 | <a href="https://kalkulator.guru" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Kalkulatorer</a> 🇳🇴
	        
	            
	                 | <a href="https://laskuri.info" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Laskimet</a> 🇫🇮
	        
	            
	                 | <a href="https://berekenen.org" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Berekenen</a> 🇳🇱
	        
	            
	                 | <a href="https://calculatrice.now" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Calculatrice</a> 🇫🇷
	        
	            
	                 | <a href="https://rechner.now" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Rechner</a> 🇩🇪
	        
	            
	                 | <a href="https://calcolatrice.now" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Calcolatrice</a> 🇮🇹
	        
	            
	                 | <a href="https://kalkulator.best" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Kalkulator</a> 🇵🇱
	        
	            
	                 | <a href="https://calculator.cat" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Calculator</a> 🇷🇴
	        
	            
	                 | <a href="https://calculadora.now" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Calculadora</a> 🇪🇸
	        
	            
	                 | <a href="https://calculadora.lol" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Calculadora</a> 🇧🇷🇵🇹
	        
	        
	        </p>
		
	    <script>
	      // Update the time every second
	      function updateTime() {
	        const now = new Date();
	        const hours = String(now.getHours()).padStart(2, '0');
	        const minutes = String(now.getMinutes()).padStart(2, '0');
	        const seconds = String(now.getSeconds()).padStart(2, '0');
	        document.getElementById('time-now').textContent = 'Time now is ' + hours + ':' + minutes + ':' + seconds;
	      }
    
	      // Set initial time
	      updateTime();
    
	      // Update time every second
	      setInterval(updateTime, 1000);
	    </script>
		
		<div class="about-calculator-now">
		        
		            <p>
						
		               	 	Estimate your future investment value with our calculator. Plan contributions, returns, and growth easily. Ideal for savings, ROI, and financial forecasting.
						
							 Investment Calculator is part of the <a href="/categories/investment/">Investment Calculators</a> collection. Explore 49 other related tools, including <a href="/compound-interest-calculator/">Compound Interest Calculator</a>, <a href="/interest-calculator/">Interest Calculator</a>, <a href="/savings-calculator/">Savings Calculator</a>, <a href="/simple-interest-calculator/">Simple Interest Calculator</a> and <a href="/cd-calculator/">CD Calculator</a>.
						
		            </p>
		        
		</div>
		
		
		
		
    </footer>
	


    <!-- jQuery, Popper.js, and Bootstrap JS -->
    <!-- Ensure jQuery is loaded first, then Popper.js, then Bootstrap JS -->
    <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/jquery/3.6.0/jquery.min.js" integrity="sha512-K+ctZL3fZ6qXbf8+WEOXc1aDz3VbA5wg7B4/fgj+J+GxUMXvfV6Viw7hE+3VUxD+0u+3pbd4uZZ+bL/wMG6mZA==" crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer"></script>
    <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/popper.js/1.16.1/umd/popper.min.js" integrity="sha512-+V7zqQKxslJHKxOWsBztPtMj9xnzYphN6LcdHcL3Cr1nGfXj0s5amBkQ4awA7Z9epP5SXfh4vEZ2l4z9quXc6Q==" crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer"></script>
    <!--<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/bootstrap/4.6.2/js/bootstrap.min.js" integrity="sha512-+YM+N5jImWzvKcR+HyODyVpwkjwBz6BOCz67bKVa3X+kL5g2mmv2Mj45tYHkgytAQMVX/QE3Hw6x4kG+Oe5C1g==" crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer"></script>-->
	

    <!-- Bootstrap JS and dependencies (Popper) -->
    <script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@5.3.0/dist/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js"></script>
	
	
	        
	
		
</body>
</html>