Creative Nurse

21 Symptoms of Low Self-Esteem

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Sat, 27 Nov 2021 19:06:00 +0700

21 LOW SELF-ESTEEM SYMPTOMS

What is self esteem ?

The definition of self-esteem is the personal value, self-respect and self-worth that you place on yourself.

Do you think you have low self- esteem?

Here are some low self-esteem symptoms:

1. Indecisive decision making

When you can’t make decisions, that effects all areas of your life. You may have trouble even making the slightest decisions such as what to wear in the morning.

2. Perfectionism

Trying to be perfect can hurt your self- esteem because when you do something wrong, you can blame yourself and feel inadequate.

3. Shame

You may feel shame from past or present situations. This can hinder you from growing and feeling better.

4. Can’t handle criticism

You may be harder on yourself if you receive just simple criticism. It affects you where it decreases your self-esteem every time a criticism is made.

5. Negative thinking and self-talk

You constantly talk down to yourself and devalue yourself worth.

6. Overly critical to yourself and others

Making others seem like the bad guy may boost yourself up for a while, but will actually is a sign of low self-esteem about yourself.

7. Constant worrying

Do you constantly worry about the future? When you worry it brings on extra stress in your life.

8. Doesn’t care about their physical appearance

When you stop caring about your how you look, that is a serious sign of low self-esteem. You should care how you present yourself to others but it’s an important part of self-esteem for yourself.

9. Exaggerates

When you exaggerate it, you’re not only lying to others but to yourself. It’s important to be truthful at all times.

10. Blame

When you constantly blame others for what’s happening in your life, you are exhibiting low self-esteem. You are in control of your own life. Nobody has the power to do anything to do unless you let them.

11. Making excuses

Do you find yourself always making excuses why you can’t do something? When you always make excuses for yourself, you’ll never accomplish anything.

12. Inability to express feelings

Do you hold your feelings inside to the point where you are going to boil? This is not healthy for you and you need to be able to express your feelings as you feel them.

13. Dependence of others

Do you find that you need the acceptance of others? You have to depend on yourself first by finding yourself and who you are.

14. No boundaries

Are you realizing that your boundaries are set to no limits? For example, are you taking on more than you can handle? It’s important to set boundaries and when to say no.

15. Pessimistic

Do you have the worst outlook on life? Negative thinking will not get you in a better place. When you think ‘what’s the worst that could happen?’, then think of the positive that can come out of the situation.

16. Inability to laugh

Do you find it’s a hard for you to laugh? Laughter is medicine for the soul. Try to do it as often as you can.

17. Isolation

Are you isolating yourself from your family and friends? Would you rather be alone? We need some social contact as human beings sometimes. Try to venture out and get that human interaction.

18. Feels hopeless

Do you feel hopeless? Do you feel like there is no end to the pain that you’re going through? Know that this feeling with not last forever if you work hard at positive thinking.

19. Put other people down

When you put other people down you’re only expressing the hurt that you feel inside. Look inwards at yourself and you’ll find that the problems you point out to people are usually your own.

20. Need for material possessions

It is one thing to buy something for yourself once in a while. But if you’re constantly buying things to be happy then that’s not good. Do you have a bunch of clothes in the closer with tags on them? Do you have a collection of items that you don’t even need?

21. Fears change and new experiences

Do you fear any new change or experience? New experiences are what bring joy to your life. Face your fears. Realize that life is always changing and nothing will remain the same.

Want To Learn More About How To Achieve Your Happiness? Visit the website below for your FREE short report ‘21 WAYS TO FEEL BETTER AND LIVE A HAPPY LIFE’ Make sure you subscribe to our YouTube channel. Join us on Facebook https://www.facebook.com/MeetYourHappiness Join us on Twitter https://twitter.com/Meet_Happy http://www.meetyourhappiness.com

Source : https://www.slideshare.net/MeetYourHappiness/21-low-self-esteem-symptoms

Pre and Post Op Care

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Sat, 27 Nov 2021 10:10:00 +0700

Pre and Post Op Care

Elaine Jones + Anne Wright

Definitions

Perioperative nursing is a term used to describe the nursing functions in the total surgical experience of the patient, pre operative, intra operative, and post operative (Lipincott Manual of Nursing Practice th edition)

Pre operative phase.

This is from the time the decision is made for surgical intervention to the transfer of the patient to the operating room.

Intra operative phase.

This is from the time the patient is received in the operating room until transferred to the recovery room.
Post operative phase.
From the time of transfer to the recovery room to transfer back to ward.

Types of surgery

Criteria for day surgery selection.

Surgery for short duration ( up to 60 minutes).
Type of operation in which post operative complications are predictably low.
Age (based on biological/physiological age rather than chronological). BMI.
Support at home for 24 hrs
within 1 hours journey from hospital
access to telephone
Adequate toilet facilities (inside)

Exercise 1.

On admission for surgery patients undergo an assessment, what factors need to be considered Physical fitness psychological legal administrative

Answers.

Reason for admission
Biographical information
Current health status/illness
Medications
Symptoms/complaints/disabilities
Previous medical problems
Chronic illness
Family medical history
Nutritional status
Integrated Care Pathway
Baseline observations
Specimen collection
Mobility Assessment
Nutritional assessment
Cardiovascular assessment
Respiratory assessment
Urinary assessment
Social assessment
Risk assessment

Psychological Assessment.

Patient may be anxious for numerous reasons……

Suggestions…

Fear of the unknown
Anaesthetic + side effects / not waking up
Unrelieved pain
Restricted in bed post op.
Use of bed pan Body image /effect on relationship, family
Dependant relatives.
Financial problems if sole provider for family.

In what ways can the nurse alleviate anxiety in the pre op patient?

Pre operative education:- Patient information leaflets, diagrams, posters Pre op visit from recovery nurses.
Specialist nurses- pain control team, surgical nurse specialist.

Consent.
> Legal requirement.
> Informed consent

Written consent should be obtained identifying that the subject has received and understood:

The procedure offered
Reasonable alternatives to the procedure
Possible benefits of the procedure to the patient.
Risks, inconveniences, and discomforts of the procedure.
Answers to all patient's questions. (DOH 2001)

Immediate pre operative preparation.

What are the fasting requirements for a patient pre operatively?
It is routine to fast patients for a minimum of four hours before a general anaesthetic, to empty the stomach and avoid peri-or post operative vomiting, or regurgitation, which increases the risk of aspiration.
2hrs Preop for water (tap not fizzy)

Gastrointestinal preparation.

Is this required for all types of surgery?
Bowel evacuation is carried out :-

To prevent defaecation during surgery
To reduce the risks of accidental damage to the colon during abdominal surgery.

It is not required for all types of surgery, and should not be seen as routine.

Skin preparation
Why is skin preparation necessary pre op?

It is necessary to remove dirt and transient micro organisms from the area.
Local procedures should be followed.

Hair removal.
Is this necessary pre op?

Controversial area of discussion!!
Against
Pre operative shaving increases risk of post operative wound infection. In favour of shaving:-
Avoidance of hairs trapping in the incision
A clear field of vision.

Pre op check list. Exercise

Discuss each item on the checklist, and provide a rationale for its importance.
Feedback to group.

Premedication.
Prior to any pre medication being given, the nurse must :-

Ensure identity bands are worn and labelled correctly.
Consent form is signed by patient and doctor.
Patient has voided urine.
Check all other items on the checklist.
Premedication to be given as prescribed at appropriate time, with explanation to the patient.

Final check

Ensure checklist is with patients notes, along with consent form, x-rays, laboratory results, nurses records.
Patient is transferred to theatre.

POST OPERATIVE CARE

What factors should you consider when caring for a patient post operatively (this starts from accepting the patient from the recovery room)

Post op care Answers

Handover from recovery nurse to determine post op instruction from surgeon/anaesthetist
Observations ( Airway patency, level of consciousness,BP, pulse, respirations)
Temperature
Wound check ( e.g per vagina, per rectum)
Fluid balance (catheter, IVI, naso gastric tube, catheter, wound drain) Pain (pain score, positioning, analgesia)
General appearance (colour, pallor, sweating, shivering)

Common post operative complications

Respiratory complications
Airway obstruction, chest infection
Cardiovascular complications shock, haemorrhage, DVT, PE
Gastrointestinal vomiting, constipation, paralytic ileus, retention of urine
Wound infection

ANY QUESTIONS !

Source : https://slideplayer.com/slide/2396764/

Impaired Gas Exchange, Impaired Physical Mobility and Risk for Infection

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Sat, 27 Nov 2021 08:57:00 +0700

Nursing Diagnosis : Impaired Gas Exchange related to decreased oxygen supply secondary to bronchiectasis and atelectasis as evidenced by:

increased CO2 levels to 33
decreased respiratory rate to 4 bpm
need for mechanical ventilation
pale skin
dyspnea
restlessness

Patient Goals:

B.L.B will maintain a respiratory rate between 12-20 breaths per minute. B.L.B. will expectorate sputum and cough effectively.
B.L.B. will have normal breath sounds.

Patient Interventions:

Place B.L.B with the head of the bed elevated to help facilitate chest expansion.
Monitor B.L.B’s vital signs every hour to detect tachypnea and tachycardia.
Perform tracheostomy suctioning as needed to help remove secretions. Change patient’s position every two hours to mobilize secretions and allow aeration of lung fields.
Give bronchodilator medications at scheduled times to dilate bronchioles and provide gas exchange.

Evaluation of Interventions: Goal Partially Met

Patient’s respiratory rate remained between 12-20 bpm for most of the day Patient maintained adequate oxygenation when switched from spontaneous intermittent mechanical ventilation to continuous positive airway pressure.
Patient did not experience dyspnea when resting.

Nursing Diagnosis : Impaired Physical Mobility related to pain and discomfort secondary to hemiarthroplasty and right elbow hardware removal and soft tissue repair as evidenced by:

Limited ROM in left leg and right arm
Difficulty turning
Slowed movement of upper extremities
Shortness of breath with turning and supine postition

Patient Goals

B.L.B. will report a pain level between 0-3 on numerical scale of 0-10. B.L.B. will perform range of motion with left arm and right leg as much as possible.
B.L.B. will have no shortness of breath with turning.

Patient Interventions:

Monitor and document B.L.B.’s functional ability throughout day to notice improvement and decline in ability.
Encourage patient to report pain or discomfort and observe for nonverbal cues of pain to aide in physical mobility.
Implement ROM exercises every shift to prevent contracture and muscle atrophy
Reposition B.L.B. every two hours to prevent skin breakdown

Evaluation of Interventions: Goal Partially Met

Patient ‘s pain level remained below 3 for most of the day
Patient had increased mobility of left arm but now right leg
Patient did not display any evidence of contractures or skin breakdown

Nursing Diagnosis : Risk for Infection related to surgical incision secondary to hemiarthroplasty right elbow hardware removal and soft tissue repair, and neck mass biopsy as evidenced by:

Incision on left hip
Incision under cast on right arm
Incision on right side of neck

Patient Goals:

B.L.B’s vital signs will remain within normal limits
B.L.B.’s incisions will remain free from signs and symptoms of infection B.L.B.’s will not have any dishescence

Patient Interventions

Wash hands before and after handling area around wounds.
Monitor dressing for intactness and drainage
Use sterile techniques as needed for dressing changes
Monitor incisions for signs of infection, such as redness, tenderness, and swelling.
Monitor vital signs, especially temperature, every hour.

Evaluation of Interventions: Goal Met

B.L.B.’s axillary temperature remained below 100˚F throughout day
B.L.B’s incision site remained free from erythema, edema, tenderness, warmth, and purulent drainage.
B.L.B’s wound edges remained approximated with no evidence of dishescence.

Source : https://slideplayer.com/slide/8058162/

6 Nursing Diagnosis for Empyema

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Thu, 23 Sep 2021 12:57:00 +0700

Empyema

Empyema is defined as a collection of pus in the pleural cavity, gram-positive, or culture from the pleural fluid. Empyema is usually associated with pneumonia but may also develop after thoracic surgery or thoracic trauma. (www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov)

Empyema is usually caused by an infection that spreads from the lung. It leads to a buildup of pus in the pleural space.

There can be 2 cups (1/2 liter) or more of infected fluid. This fluid puts pressure on the lungs.

Risk factors include: Bacterial pneumonia, Tuberculosis, Chest surgery, Lung abscess, Trauma or injury to the chest.

In rare cases, empyema can occur after thoracentesis. This is a procedure in which a needle is inserted through the chest wall to remove fluid in the pleural space for medical diagnosis or treatment. (medlineplus.gov)

Symptoms of empyema may include: having a case of pneumonia that does not improve, a fever, chest pain, a cough, pus in mucus, difficulty breathing, a crackling sound from the chest, decreased breathing sounds, dullness when tapping chest, fluid in the lungs (visible with a chest X-ray).

Empyema can progress through three stages if a person does not receive treatment. (www.medicalnewstoday.com)

Nursing Diagnosis for Empyema

Ineffective breathing pattern related to shortness of breath, mucus, bronchoconstriction, fatigue.
Ineffective airway clearance related to increased secretions, ineffective coughing.
Activity intolerance related to reduced oxygen supply.
Self-care deficit related to fatigue.
Imbalanced nutrition: less than body requirements related to anorexia.
Impaired gas exchange related to ventilation-perfusion imbalance.

NCP - Nursing Assessment for Burns (Combustio)

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Sun, 19 Sep 2021 19:30:00 +0700

Burns are a global public health problem. This is due to the high rate of burn mortality and morbidity, especially in low- and middle-income countries, where more than 95% of the incidence of burns causes death (mortality). However, death is not the only consequence of burns. Many burn patients eventually experience disability (morbidity). This often creates a stigma against community rejection. (Ziaeian, Boback and Gregg C. Fonarow. (2016).)

Burns (combustio) are tissue loss caused by contact with heat sources such as water, fire, chemicals, electricity, and radiation. Burns will cause not only skin damage, but also affect the entire body system (Brunner & Suddarth, 2014)

Burns are a form of tissue damage and or loss caused by contact with sources that have very high temperatures (eg fire, hot water, chemicals, electricity, and radiation) or very low temperatures. Upon contact with a heat source (or other cause). A chemical reaction takes place that drains energy from the tissue so that the cell is reduced and damaged (Moenadjat 2014)

Burns are damage to body tissues, especially the skin as a result of direct or intermediary with chemical, electrical, and radiation heat sources. Burns are wounds caused by heat trauma which give symptoms depending on the area and location of the wound (Brunner & Suddarth, 2014)

Nursing Assessment

Assessment of patients with burns is intended to collect the latest data and information about the patient's status, with the assessment of the Iitegument system as an assessment priority. Systematic assessment of the patient includes a history specifically related to difficulty moving, palpitations. Each symptom should be evaluated for its time and duration as well as its precipitating factors.

1) Client identity. In addition to the client's name, age, gender, religion, occupation and education.

2) Activity/rest. Signs: decreased strength, resistance, limited range of motion in the affected area, impaired muscle mass, changes in tone.

3) Circulation. Signs: hypotension (shock), decreased peripheral pulse distal to the injured extremity, generalized peripheral vasoconstriction with loss of pulse, white and cold skin (electrical shock), tachycardia, dysrhythmias, tissue edema formation.

4) Ego integrity. Symptoms: problems with family, work, finances, disability. Signs: anxiety, crying, dependence, denial, withdrawal, anger.

5) Elimination. Signs: decreased/absent urine output during the emergency phase, color may be reddish black in the presence of myoglobin, indicating deep muscle damage, diuresis (after capillary leakage and mobilization of fluid into the body circulation), decreased bowel sounds are absent.

6) Food or liquid. Signs: generalized tissue oedema, anorexia, nausea/vomiting. Symptoms: decreased appetite, bowel sounds and decreased intestinal peristalsis, changes in bowel habits.

7) Neurosensory. Symptoms: border area, tingling. Signs: changes in orientation, affect, behavior, decreased deep tendon reflexes in extremity injuries, seizure activity, corneal laceration, retinal damage, decreased sharpness vision.

8) Pain/comfort. Symptoms: various pains, e.g., first degree burns are extremely sensitive to touch, pressure, air movement, and temperature changes.

9) Breathing. Symptoms: confined in an enclosed space, prolonged exposure (possible inhalation injury). Signs: shortness of breath, coughing wheezing, carbon particles in sputum, inability to swallow oral secretions and cyanosis, indications of inhalation injury. Thoracic expansion may be limited to the presence of burns to the chest circumference, airway or stridor/wheezing (obstruction related to laryngospasm, laryngeal edema), breath sounds: deep airway secretions (rhonchi).

10) Security. Signs: generalized skin: deep tissue instruction may not be evident for 3-5 days in connection with the process microvascular thrombus in some wounds.

11) Medical history

Chief complaint: infection in burns
History of present illness: Most or most of the causes of burns are due to electric shock, heat, temperature, chemical mediators.
Past medical history: the client does not have a history of previous illnesses related to burns.
Family history of disease: no case correlation on family members to the incidence of burn infection. (Price, A. Sylvia 2014)

Assessment, Nursing Diagnosis and Interventions for Pain

Physical Examination and Health Assessment

Assessment Techniques

Assessment and Nursing Diagnosis for Blepharitis

Nurses' Communication with the Elderly in Nursing Homes

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Sun, 19 Sep 2021 14:51:00 +0700

Communication is a necessity for everyone in everyday life to interact with others and even with himself. Communication is the process of delivering messages from the communicator to the communicant that will have an effect. In the study of Communication Studies there are also Communication Models and Levels. According to Wilbur Schramm "communication always requires at least three elements: source (source), message (message), and target" (destinations). Interpersonal communication is communication between people face to face that allows each participant to capture the reactions of others directly, both verbally and non-verbally. In conducting interpersonal communication, closeness and openness are needed to establish good communication. The success of communication is the responsibility of the communicator (Mulyana, 2010)

Currently, many countries are experiencing a progressive increase in the elderly population, and greater service needs for parents (Saadati, Shoaee, Pouryan, Alkasir, & Lashani, 2014). Along with the increasing age of the elderly, there are also more problems that must be faced, because the elderly are the stages of human development that are most affected by problems. The elderly will need care services such as health, physical, psychological, spiritual and social.

Currently, many parents or the elderly are placed in nursing homes due to economic limitations and social factors also affect parents demanding a lot of children, and the child is not able to fulfill these desires. A specific place for the health of the elderly is a nursing home. The elderly who live in nursing homes have conditions that make them dependent on assistance from the orphanage, such as medicine, hygiene and social activities (Forsgren, Skott, Hartelius, & Saldert, 2015)

Problems that arise in the elderly "Generally after people enter the elderly, they experience a decline in cognitive and psychomotor functions". Cognitive function includes the process of learning, perception, understanding, understanding, attention and others, causing the reaction and behavior of the elderly to become slower. While psychomotor (cognitive) functions include things related to volitional impulses such as movement, action, coordination, which results in the elderly becoming less agile (Kartinah & Sudaryanto, 2008).

Nurses complain of language barriers, lack of willingness to listen, and logistical problems, Tjia et al. 2009 in (Mueller et al., 2015). In addition, there is a feeling of lack of enthusiasm, motivation, self-confidence and a sense of underappreciation. These things make the elderly who live in nursing homes feel uncomfortable.

Communication must be conveyed as well as possible, such as how to communicate with parents. Because the elderly cannot receive all communication from us because the elderly are more sensitive and their emotions are unstable. From the results of the study concluded that interpersonal communication by nurses can help provide motivation, confidence and comfort for the elderly. Therefore the author wants to know how the process or stages needed in building good communication. According to social penetration theory, closeness is one of the things needed in establishing good interpersonal communication (West & Turner, 2007).

According to O'Byrne et al in (McMullan, Parush, & Momtahan, 2015), communication with patients is one of the most important points in the treatment process and information exchange. Effective communication skills are important for all relationships (Kusuma, 2009). Like the relationship between nurses and the elderly, communication skills, especially nurses, are important for the personal needs of the elderly in nursing homes (Emma Forsgren, Skott, Hartelius

& Saldert, 2015). Nurses are the closest people who communicate directly with the elderly. Communication is interpersonal communication which is the process of exchanging information directly or transferring the understanding of two or more people. Good interpersonal communication will be able to build closeness and intimacy in the process of conveying messages. One of the important interpersonal communication processes is in the morning at the nursing home, when the staff helps the residents by getting out of bed and managing the morning routine at the nursing home. (Forsgren et al., 2015).

Nurses also play an important role in forming closeness, because in the daily life of the elderly in nursing homes nurses always communicate directly with the elderly and understand how the condition of the elderly is. But in reality to be able to build and establish good communication with the elderly is not easy. As in the research of Cristanty and Azeharie (2016), it is stated that physical and mental conditions become obstacles in communicating, such as hearing loss, which makes nurses have to repeatedly convey messages patiently and carefully. Other obstacles such as difficulty understanding and understanding what the elderly want. Most of the elderly are not able to carry out their activities independently, because the behavior of the elderly tends to change like a child. The role of a nurse is important to help the elderly in changing their daily behavior for the better. A nurse must also be good at making a decision.

Taking action or decision does not have to be based on existing medical facts but must consider the values and wishes of the patient himself. Thus the elderly will feel that they receive attention and a sense of respect (Bollig, Rosland, & Heller, 2016).

The feeling of comfort of the elderly in nursing homes is influenced by the communication made by nurses in the process of activities carried out between nurses and the elderly. As stated by Khisoli (2016), someone who is entrusted with a nursing home will usually consider himself useless and feel abandoned. An elderly who has just entered a new environment will find it difficult to adapt. This requires adaptation and adjustment to conditions in nursing homes in order to feel safe and comfortable. This is where the role of nurses in nursing homes is needed, nurses must be able to help the elderly to adapt to the nursing home environment by building a good relationship with the elderly. According to Havifi (2014) in his research, good interpersonal communication is important in the interactions carried out by nurses with the elderly. Good communication between nurses and the elderly is needed to form good relationships, closeness, trust, openness, and comfort for the elderly in everyday life.

What is a Hiccup (Singultus) and How to Treat it

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Thu, 16 Sep 2021 10:53:00 +0700

dreamstime.com

What is the Definition of Hiccups?

A hiccup (singultus) is a sudden involuntary contraction of the diaphragm, and generally occurs over and over again every minute. Air that suddenly passes into the lungs causes the glottis (space between the vocal cords) to close, and causes the “HIK” sound to occur.
Hiccups are a reflex movement of the body that occurs when the diaphragm muscle contracts or tightens suddenly. As a result, the air is suddenly drawn in through the mouth and makes a "CHUCK" sound.

What Causes Hiccups?

Eating and drinking too fast
Eating and drinking too much
Very emotional
Immediately drink cold water (ice) after eating hot or spicy foods.
Laughing too hard
Cough too hard
Phrenic nerve compression by other anatomic structures
Kidney illness
Bad behavior, for example: smoking
Inadequate electrolyte balance
Presence of a foreign object in the ear
Irritation of the phrenic and phrenic nerves
As a result of cold air around our bodies, it can be caused by AC (Air Conditioner) or fans.

What are the Symptoms of Hiccups?

There is a small thump every minute and a "Hik" sound. It occurs due to a sudden involuntary contraction of the diaphragm. Symptoms of hiccups can also be caused by pressure on the phrenic nerve by other anatomical structures.

Will the hiccups go away on their own?

Hiccups will generally go away on their own, although there are some home remedies to speed up the healing of hiccups in children/toddlers, and there are some medications that are needed.

Are Hiccups in Babies Dangerous?

Hiccups in babies is actually a natural thing and is commonly experienced by all babies, especially babies under the age of 1 year. Hiccups in infants indicate normal respiratory development.

How to Deal with Hiccups

Try giving your baby fluids in the form of milk or warm water.
Do not feed the baby in too large a quantity
Do a gentle pat on the back (either baby or adult) on the baby by placing the baby upright on your shoulder and then gently patting the back.
Make sure the pacifier hole given to the baby is not too big. The teat opening is too large, causing a large volume of milk to be swallowed and a lot of air being swallowed, this causes gastric distension which will trigger hiccups.
Holding your breath, because holding your breath increases the level of carbon dioxide in the blood, which can cause the hiccups to stop.
Breathe in a paper bag
Drink a glass of cold water slowly little by little
Chewing dry bread or shaved ice
Pulling the tongue by hand
Rub the eyeball slowly
Reverse the body position by placing the head under the feet above
Sleep lying down with both knees bent towards the stomach
Swallow the sugar in one teaspoon
Take a shower and wash your hair with ice cubes
Swim in cold water with a temperature of 20-25 degrees for at least 20 minutes
Breathe calmly.

REFERENCES

Priyono, Yunisa. 2010.
Persie, Van Azis. 2014.

The Importance of Farting (Flatus) for Health

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Thu, 16 Sep 2021 10:40:00 +0700

What is Fart (Flatus) ?

Farting occurs because the gas that has been produced in the digestive tract will be expelled through the anus. Farts are disgusting and gross. However, farting is important for health. Farts come from gases in the intestines. These gases come from the air that is swallowed while eating or drinking and from the incomplete digestion of food in the intestines. Gas production in the intestines usually increases after eating. The gas that is formed will be carried to the rectum (the final part of the intestine) through intestinal peristalsis which also carries the remains of digestion (feces). Gas and feces that have reached the rectum will cause complaints in the form of discomfort around the stomach and heartburn. Furthermore, the fart will be released through the anus inadvertently when it can no longer withstand the gas pressure in the rectum.

What are the Content of Farts (Flatus) ?

The bad smell of farts comes from gases that contain sulfur, such as methanatiol, hydrogen sulfide, and dimethyl sulfide. It can also come from the large number of bacteria in the intestines and the presence of feces retained in the rectum. Holding in the fart will make the stomach uncomfortable due to increased gas pressure and abnormal dilation of the intestines. Holding farts can make it difficult for a person to defecate.

Source of Farts (Flatus) ?

One source of fart is bacteria. Bacterial fermentation and digestion produce heat, the by-product is foul gas. The gas bubbles are smaller in size, warmer, and saturated with foul-smelling bacterial metabolic products. This then became a fart, although only a small volume, but SBD (Silent But Deadly). The loudness of the sound depends on the velocity of the gas. Farts produced an average of half a liter a day in 14 farts.

The Importance of Farting for Health ?

From a health perspective, farting indicates good bowel activity. A person who has just undergone surgery under general anesthesia needs to wait until he farts before being allowed by doctors to eat and drink. Farting is often used as a clue by doctors and health workers that bowel function has returned to normal.

Reference :

Sopyan, Danang Irawan. 2012.
Harefa, Andrias. 2012.

Nursing Interventions for Social Isolation

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Thu, 16 Sep 2021 09:36:00 +0700

Nursing Diagnosis :
Social isolation: withdrawing

Purpose : The client can interact with other people so that hallucinations do not occur.

Specific Purpose:

1. The client can foster a trusting relationship

Action :

Build a trusting relationship using the principles of therapeutic communication by:
Greet the client in a friendly manner both verbal and non-verbal
Introduce yourself politely
Ask the client's full name and preferred nickname
Explain the purpose of the meeting
Honest and keep promises
Show empathy and accept the client for who he is
Pay attention to the client and attention to the client's basic needs

2. The client can state the reasons for withdrawing

Action:

Assess the client's knowledge of withdrawal behavior and its signs.
Give the client an opportunity to express feelings that cause withdrawal or want to hang out
Discuss with the client about withdrawal behavior, signs and causes that arise
Praise the client's ability to express his feelings

3. The client can mention the advantages of dealing with other people and the disadvantages of not relating to others.

Action :

Identify with the client how to take action if hallucinations occur (sleep, anger, busying, etc.)
Assess client's knowledge of the benefits and advantages of dealing with others: Give the client the opportunity to express feelings about the benefits of relating to other people. Discuss with the client the benefits of connecting with others. Give positive reinforcement to the ability to express feelings about the benefits of relating to others
Assess the client's knowledge of losses when not in contact with other people; Give the client the opportunity to express feelings with others. Discuss with the client the disadvantages of not relating to others. Give positive reinforcement for the ability to express feelings about the loss not related to others.

4. The client can carry out social relations

Action:

Assess the client's ability to build relationships with others
Encourage and help the client to relate to others through the following stages: the client – nurse, the client – nurse – other nurse, the client – nurse – other nurse – other client, the client – family or community group.
Give positive reinforcement for the success that has been achieved.
Help the client to evaluate the benefits of intercourse
Discuss the daily schedule that is done with the client in filling time
Motivate the client to take part in room activities
Give positive reinforcement for client activities in room activities

5. The client can express his feelings after dealing with other people

Action:

Encourage the client to express his feelings when dealing with other people
Discuss with the client the benefits of relating to others.
Give positive reinforcement for the client's ability to express feelings of benefit related to others

6. The client can empower the support system or family

Action:

Build a trusting relationship with the client's family: Greetings, Introduce yourself, Explain the purpose, Make a meeting contract, Explore the client's feelings
Discuss with family members about: Withdrawal behavior, Causes of withdrawal behavior, Consequences that occur if withdrawal behavior is not responded to, How families deal with clients withdrawing
Encourage family members to provide support for the client to communicate with others.
Advise family members regularly and take turns to visit clients at least once a week
Give positive positive reinforcement for the things that have been achieved by the family.

Urinary Retention related to Urethral Stricture

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Wed, 15 Sep 2021 16:24:00 +0700

Urethral stricture is a narrowing or contraction of the urethral lumen due to obstruction. A urethral stricture is a narrowing due to the formation of fibrotic tissue (scar tissue) in the urethra or urethra. Urethral stricture is a decrease in the diameter or elasticity of the urethra caused by the urethral tissue being replaced by connective tissue which then shrinks causing the urethral lumen tissue to shrink.

Urethral stricture is a narrowing of the urethral lumen due to scar tissue and contraction. The most common causes of urethral stricture are injury, stretching and injury related to car accidents, untreated gonorrhea urethritis and congenital abnormalities. (Hapsari Tri et al. 2009)

Urethral stricture can be caused by an infection, trauma to the urethra, and congenital abnormalities. Infections such as follow-up from catheter insertion, urethritis, sexually transmitted disease (STD) (Gonococcus), now may be rare, often infections caused by long-term use of a urethral catheter. Trauma that causes urethral stricture is surgery/action that passes through the urethra (catheterization, transurethral resection), blunt trauma to the groin (straddle injury) which will cause stricture of the pars bulbosa urethra, fracture of the pelvic bone which will damage the membranous urethra which can cause partial or complete urethral stricture, spontaneous passage of stones, trauma to intercourse / childbirth and inadvertent use of transurethral instruments or procedures. And congenital defects. (Baroroh Dewi Baririet. 2011).

Clinical Manifestations:

The inability to completely empty your bladder when urinating.
Frequent urination in small amounts.
Difficulty starting the flow of urine, called hesitancy.
A slow urine stream.
The urgent need to urinate, but with little success.
Feeling the need to urinate after finishing urination.

Nursing Diagnosis for Urethral Stricture :

Urinary retention related to obstruction in the urinary tract

NOC

Domain II : Physiological Health

Class F : Elimination

Urinary Elimination
Elimination pattern
Urine smell
Amount of urine
Urine color
Urine clarity
Fluid intake
Bladder emptying perfection
There is blood in the urine
Urinary frequency
Urinary retention
Pain when urinating

NIC

Domain 1: physiological

Class B : Elimination Management

Urinary Retention Care

Perform assessments (such as urine output, urine emptying pattern, cognitive function, and pre-existing urinary problems)
Use suggestions like turning on the water or flushing the toilet
Stimulate the bladder reflex by applying something cold to the abdomen, moving the inside of the thigh, or turning on the water
Use the cred maneuver if needed
Use a urinary catheter if needed
Inform client/family to record urine output
Monitor intake and output
Allow sufficient time for bladder emptying (10 minutes)

5 Psycho Sociological Theory of Aging Process

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Sun, 12 Sep 2021 21:15:00 +0700

Psychosocial theory focuses on the changes in attitudes and behavior that accompany increasing age, as opposed to the biological implications of anatomical damage. For the purposes of this discussion, sociological or non-physical changes are combined with psychological changes.

Each individual, young, middle-aged, or old is unique and has experienced, through a series of events in life, and through many events. Over the past 40 years, several theories have attempted to describe how behavior and attitudes in the early stages of life can influence human reactions throughout the later stages of life. This work is called the process of "successful aging." Examples of this theory include personality theory.

1. Personality Theory

The human personality is an area of fertile growth in the later years of life which has stimulated considerable research. Personality theory mentions aspects of psychological growth without describing the specific expectations or tasks of the elderly. Jung developed a theory of adult personality development that views personality as either extroverted or introverted, he theorized that a balance between the two is important for health. In Jung's concept of authority, the next half of human life is described as having its own goal, namely to develop self-awareness through self-reflective activities.

2. Developmental Task Theory

Several theorists have described the maturation process in terms of the tasks that must be mastered at stages throughout the human life span. Ericson's results are perhaps the best known theory in this field. Developmental tasks are activities and challenges that a person must meet at specific stages in his life to achieve successful aging. Erickson describes the main task of the elderly is to be able to see one's life as a life lived with integrity. In the absence of the attainment of the feeling that he has enjoyed a good life, the elderly are at risk of being preoccupied with feelings of regret or despair. Recent interest in this concept is occurring at a time when gerontologists and gerontology nurses are re-examining the developmental tasks of the elderly.

3. Disengagement Theory

Disengagement theory, developed for the first time in the early 1960s, describes the process of withdrawal by the elderly from social roles and responsibilities. According to these theorists, this process of withdrawal is predictable, systematic, unavoidable, and essential to the proper functioning of a growing society. The elderly are said to be happy when social contacts have been reduced and responsibilities have been taken by the younger generation. The benefit of reducing social contact for the elderly is that he can take time to reflect on his life achievements and to deal with unfulfilled expectations, while the benefit to society is to transfer the power of the older generation to the younger generation.
This theory has generated a lot of controversy, partly because the study was viewed as flawed and because many older people challenge the “postulates” that the theory raises to explain what happens in the breaking of bonds or relationships. For example, under this theoretical framework, mandatory retirement is a social policy that must be accepted. With increasing natural life spans, retiring at age 65 means that a healthy elderly person can expect to live another 20 years. For many healthy, productive individuals, the prospect of a slower pace and fewer responsibilities is undesirable. Clearly, many elderly people can continue to be good productive members of society until they are 80 to 90 years old.

4. Activity Theory

The direct opposite of disengagement theory is the aging activity theory, which argues that the path to successful aging is to stay active. Havighurst first wrote about the importance of staying socially active as a tool for healthy adjustment for the elderly in 1952. Since then, numerous studies have validated the positive relationship between maintaining meaningful interactions with others and the person's physical and mental well-being. The idea of meeting one's needs must be balanced with the importance of feeling needed by others. The opportunity to contribute in a meaningful way to the life of someone who is important to him or her is an important component of well-being for the elderly. Research shows that the loss of role function in the elderly negatively affects life satisfaction. In addition, recent research has demonstrated the importance of continuous mental and physical activity for preventing loss and maintaining health throughout human life.

5. Continuity Theory

Continuity theory, also known as a developmental theory, is a continuation of the previous two theories and attempts to explain the impact of personality on the need to stay active or separate in order to achieve happiness and fulfillment of needs in old age. This theory emphasizes the individual's prior coping abilities and personality as the basis for predicting how a person will be able to adapt to changes due to aging. The basic personality traits are said to remain unchanged despite advancing age. Furthermore, personality traits typically become clearer as the person gets older. A person who enjoys being with others and has an active social life will continue to enjoy this lifestyle into old age. People who enjoy solitude and have a limited amount of activity may find satisfaction in continuing this lifestyle. Seniors who are used to having control over making their own decisions will not easily give up this role just because of their advanced age. Moreover, individuals who have manipulated or abrasive in their interpersonal interactions during their youth will not suddenly develop a different approach later in life.
When lifestyle changes are imposed on the elderly by socio-economic changes or health factors, problems may arise. Personality that remains unknown during meetings or brief visits can sometimes be focal and also a source of irritation when the situation calls for a change in living arrangements. Families dealing with difficult decisions about changing living arrangements for an elderly person often need a lot of support. An understanding of the previous personality patterns of the elderly can provide a more necessary understanding in this decision-making process.

7 Biological Theory of Aging Process

Understanding the Concept of Aging

7 Biological Theory of Aging Process

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Sun, 12 Sep 2021 21:00:00 +0700

Biological theories attempt to explain the physical processes of aging, including changes in function and structure, development, longevity and death. Changes in the body include molecular and cellular changes in major organ systems and the body's ability to function adequately and fight disease. As our ability to investigate tiny and minuscule components has grown, an understanding of the relationships between things that influence aging or the previously unknown causes of aging has improved.

Although not a definition of aging, but the five characteristics of aging have been identified by experts. Biological theories also try to explain why people age differently over time and what factors influence longevity, resistance to organisms, and death or cellular changes. An understanding of the biological perspective can provide nurses with knowledge about the specific risk factors associated with aging and how people can be helped to minimize or avoid risks and maximize health.

1. Free Radical Theory

Free radicals are products of cellular metabolism which are highly reactive molecules. This molecule has a strong extracellular charge that can create reactions with proteins, change their shape and properties, these molecules can also react with lipids in the cell membrane, affect their permeability or can bind to cell organelles. This theory states that aging is caused by the accumulation of irreversible damage due to oxidizing compounds. Where free radicals can be formed in nature, unstable free radicals result in the oxidation of organic materials such as carbohydrates and proteins.

2. Genetic Theory

The causal theory explains that aging is mainly due to the formation of genes and the impact of the environment on the formation of the genetic code. According to genetic theory, aging is an unconsciously inherited process that goes on over time to change cell or tissue structure. In other words, changes in life span and longevity are predetermined. Genetic theory consists of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) theory, accuracy and error theory, somatic mutation, and glycogen theory. These theories state that the process of replication at the cellular level becomes disorganized due to inappropriate information provided from the cell nucleus. The DNA molecule crosslinks with other elements thereby changing the genetic information. The existence of these crosslinks results in errors at the cellular level which ultimately results in the system and organs of the body failing to function. Evidence supporting these theories includes the development of free radicals, collagen, and lipofuscin. In addition, the increased frequency of cancer and autoimmune diseases associated with increasing age suggests that mutations or errors occur at the molecular and cellular levels.

3. Cross Link Theory

The crosslink and connective tissue theory states that the molecules of collagen and elastin, components of connective tissue, form compounds that increase the rigidity of cells for a long time, crosslinks are thought to be the result of chemical reactions that cause animosity between molecules that normally separate or in short old or worn out cells, reactions the chemical causes less elasticity and loss of function. Examples of age-related connective tissue crosslinks include decreased tensile strength of the arterial walls, tooth loss, dry and fibrous tendons.

4. Wear and Tear Theory

This theory proposes that the accumulation of metabolic waste or nutrients can impair DNA synthesis, thereby promoting molecular and ultimately organ malfunction. Proponents of this theory believe that the body will suffer damage according to a schedule.
Free radicals are examples of metabolic waste products that cause damage when accumulation occurs. Free radicals are rapidly destroyed by protective enzyme systems under normal conditions. Some free radicals manage to escape this destructive process and accumulate in important biological structures, when organ damage occurs.
Because the metabolic rate is directly related to the formation of free radicals, scientists have hypothesized that the rate of free radical production is related to the determination of the life span. Calorie restriction and its effect on prolonging life span may be based on this theory. Calorie restriction has been shown to increase life span in rats. Throughout their lifetime, the mice had decreased incidence of functional decline, and experienced fewer age-related disease conditions, reduced functional decline, and decreased incidence of aging-related diseases.

5. Immunity Theory

The theory of immunity describes a decline in the immune system associated with aging. As people get older, their defenses against foreign organisms decrease, making them more susceptible to suffering from various diseases such as cancer and infections. As the function of the immune system decreases, there is an increase in the body's autoimmune response. As people age, they may develop autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and allergies to food and other environmental factors.
Proponents of this theory often focus on the role of the thymus gland. The weight and size of the thymus gland decrease with age, as does the body's ability to differentiate T cells. Due to the loss of T cell differentiation, the body mistakenly recognizes old, irregular cells as foreign and attacks them. The importance of health care, disease prevention, and health promotion approaches to health care, especially at a time of aging cannot be overlooked. Although everyone needs regular check-ups to ensure early detection and treatment as early as possible, in the elderly the failure to protect the aging immune system through these health checks can lead to early and unexpected death. In addition, national immunization programs to prevent the occurrence and spread of epidemic diseases, such as pneumonia and influenza among the elderly, also support the theoretical basis of nursing practice.

6. Neuroendocrine Theory

Previous discussions of the thymus gland and the immune system and the interactions between the nervous and endocrine systems yield remarkable similarities. In the latter case scientists have thought that aging occurs due to a slowdown in the secretion of certain hormones which have an impact on reactions regulated by the nervous system. It is more clearly demonstrated in the pituitary, thyroid, adrenal, and reproductive glands.
One of the neurological areas that is universally impaired by aging is the reaction time required to receive, process, and react to commands. Known as behavioral retardation, this response is sometimes interpreted as resistance, deafness, or lack of knowledge. In general, none of these things actually happen, but older people are often made to feel as though they are uncooperative or disobedient. Nurses can facilitate the process of providing care by slowing down instructions and waiting for their response.

7. Environmental History

According to this theory, factors in the environment (eg industrial carcinogens, sunlight, trauma and infection) can bring about changes in the aging process. Although these factors are known to accelerate aging, the impact of the environment is more of a secondary impact and not a major factor in aging.
Nurses can have in-depth knowledge of the impact of this aspect on aging by educating all age groups about the relationship between environmental factors and accelerated aging. Science is just beginning to uncover the various environmental factors that can influence aging.

Understanding the Concept of Aging

5 Psycho Sociological Theory of Aging Process

Understanding the Concept of Aging

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Sun, 12 Sep 2021 20:38:00 +0700

Aging is the process of slowly disappearing the ability of tissues to repair themselves / replace themselves and maintain their normal structure and function so that they cannot survive injury (including infection) and repair the damage suffered (Constantinides, 1994).

Aging is an unavoidable consequence. Aging (getting old) is a process of slowly disappearing the ability of the tissue to repair itself/replace and maintain its normal function so that it cannot survive infection and repair the damage suffered (Constantindes, 1994).

The aging process is not a disease, but a period or stage of human life, namely; infants, children, adults and the elderly. People die not because of old age but because of a disease, or also a disability. However, the aging process can lead to reduced body resistance in the face of stimuli from within and from outside the body. However, it must be admitted that there are various diseases that often afflict the elderly.

The aging process has started since a person reaches adulthood. For example, by the occurrence of tissue loss in muscles, nervous system, and other tissues so that the body dies little by little. Actually there is no clear limit, at what age a person's appearance begins to decline. In each person, the physiological functions of the organs of the body are very different, both in terms of peak achievement and decline.

Aging is a process that can be seen as a continuum of events from birth to death (Ignatificus, Workman, Mishler, 1999).

The aging process can be viewed from biological, social and psychological aspects. Social and functional biological theories have been found to explain and support various definitions of the aging process.

7 Biological Theory of Aging Process

5 Psycho Sociological Theory of Aging Process

Trigeminal Neuralgia Gives Symptoms and Signs as Follows

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Sat, 11 Sep 2021 13:36:00 +0700

Trigeminal Neuralgia - Symptoms and Signs

Trigeminal Neuralgia

According to Baughman (2000), the clinical manifestations that appear in cases of trigeminal neuralgia are as follows:

Pain is felt in the skin, not in deeper structures, more severe in the peripheral areas of the distribution of the affected nerves, namely the lips, chin, nostrils, and teeth.
Paroxysm is stimulated by stimulation of the terminals of the affected nerve branches, namely washing the face, shaving, brushing teeth, eating and drinking.
Cold airflow and direct pressure on the trunk nerves can also cause pain. This occurs because the flow of cold air hits the trigger area or pain area in the branching part of the trigeminal nerve (fifth cranial nerve). Cold air flow includes non-noxious stimuli (stimulus in the form of light touch, vibration or chewing stimulus).
The trigger point is the definite area where the lightest touch immediately triggers paroxysm.

Trigeminal neuralgia gives symptoms and signs as follows: (Ossen, 1988; Passon, 2001; Sharav, 2002; Brice, 2004)

The pain is in the form of neuropathic pain, namely paroxysmal severe pain, sharp, such as stabbing, shooting, electric shock, lightning, or burning that lasts for a few seconds to a few minutes but less than two minutes, suddenly and repeatedly. Between attacks there is usually a pain-free interval, or there is only mild dullness.
The location of the pain is generally limited to the dermatome of the trigeminal nerve and is characterized by unilateral pain. The most common pain is in the area of distribution of the mandibular nerve (V2) 19.1% and the maxillary nerve (V3) 14.1% or a combination of both 35.9% so that the most frequent pain is pain. on the lower half of the face. Rarely limited to the ophthalmic nerve (V3) 3.3%. Some patients felt pain in all branches of the trigeminal nerve (15.5%) or a combination of the maxillary and ophthalmic nerves (11.5%). Rarely found a combination of pain in the distribution area of the ophthalmic and mandibular nerves (0.6%). Bilateral pain 3.4%, pain is rarely felt on both sides at the same time, generally between the two sides separated by several years. Bilateral cases are usually associated with multiple or familial sclerosis.
Trigeminal neuralgia can be triggered by non-noxious stimuli such as light touch, vibration, or chewing stimuli. As a result, patients will experience difficulties or arise when brushing their teeth, eating, swallowing, talking, shaving their faces, touching their faces, washing their faces and even blowing cold winds. Usually the trigger area is on the front of the face, with pain in the same trigeminal nerve branching area. If the trigger area is in the scalp area, the patient is afraid to wash or comb.
Pain in trigeminal neuralgia may go into remission within a year or so. In the active period of neuralgia, there is a characteristic increase in the frequency and severity of pain attacks progressively over time.
About 18% of patients with trigeminal neuralgia, initially atypical pain that gradually becomes typical, is called trigeminal preneuralgia. A dull, constant pain in one jaw that lasts from a few days to several years. Thermal stimulation can cause throbbing pain so it is often considered dental pain. Administration of anticonvulsant therapy can relieve trigeminal preneuralgia pain so that this method can be used to distinguish the two pains.
On physical examination and neurologic usually normal or no significant neurologic deficit found. Significant loss of sensibility to the trigeminal nerve leads to the search for an underlying pathological process, such as a tumor or infection that can damage the nerve. In the tumor in addition to atypical pain and loss of sensibility, accompanied by disturbances in other cranial nerves.

Anatomy and Physiology of The Trigeminal Nerve

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Sat, 11 Sep 2021 12:30:00 +0700

The trigeminal nerve or the 5th cranial nerve mainly supplies the skin of the face, conjunctiva and cornea, the mucosa of the nose, sinuses and the frontal part of the oral cavity, as well as most of the dura mater. These nerves arise from the lateral part of the pons in the form of motor and sensory nerve roots. The smaller nerve root, also known as the portio minor trigeminal nerve, is the motor nerve root. Derived from the motor nucleus of the trigeminal nerve in the brainstem, it consists of motor fibers, mainly innervating the muscles of mastication. Physiologically, this nerve root travels through the ganglion medial to the much larger sensory root, before joining the mandibular nerve as it passes through the foramen ovale of the sphenoid bone. The sensory root of the larger trigeminal nerve is called the portio major of the trigeminal nerve, which gives a distribution similar to that of the dorsal nerve roots of the spinal nerves.

The roots of these sensory nerves will pass through the trigeminal ganglion (gasserian ganglion) and from here out three peripheral nerve branches, namely the ophthalmic, maxillary and mandibular branches. The first branch, the ophthalmic nerve, passes through the superior orbital fissure and provides sensory innervation to the scalp from the palpebral fissure to the bregma (mainly from the frontal nerve) and a smaller branch upward and medial to the dorsum. The conjunctiva, cornea and iris, mucosa of the frontal sinus and part of the nose, as well as part of the dura mater and pia-arachnoid are also innervated by fibers, sensory nerves from the ophthalmic nerve.

The second branch, the maxillary nerve, enters the pterygopalatine fossa through the superior maxillary foramen, giving rise to the zygomatic nerve which passes into the orbit through the inferior orbital fissure. Its main trunk, the infraorbital nerve, goes to the floor of the orbit through the same fissure. On exiting the infraorbital foramen, this nerve divides into several branches that spread over the upper maxillary surface of the face lateral to the nose and upper lip. Prior to exiting the infra-orbital foramen, several branches were found that supply the maxillary sinus and molar teeth from the adjacent maxillary, gingiva and oral mucosa. The third branch, which is the largest branch, is the mandibular nerve.

This nerve exits the cranial cavity through the foramen ovale of the sphenoid bone, besides consisting of motor nerve roots from the trigeminal nerve, it also carries sensory fibers to the buccal area, to the lower jaw and the front of the tongue, mandibular teeth, and gingiva. The auriculotemporal branch, which separates early, supplies the area in front of and above the auricle as well as the external acoustic meatus and the tympanic membrane. Sensory fibers for the dura mater, which are branches of the three parts of the trigeminal nerve, are involved in the projection of pain of intracranial origin. There is a close relationship of the trigeminal nerve with the autonomic/sympathetic nerves, where the ciliary ganglia are associated with the ophthalmic nerve, the pterygopalatine ganglion with the maxillary nerve, while the otic and submaxillary ganglia are associated with the mandibular branch (Leksmono, 1997).

The trigeminal nerve is the largest nerve in the brain. The trigeminal nerve is a sensory nerve that acts on most of the scalp and face; mucous membranes of the mouth, nose, paranasal sinuses and teeth. The trigeminal nerve innervates the muscles of mastication through a small motor branch (Pearce, 2009).

The trigeminal nerve is a motor and sensory brain nerve. Its motor fibers innervate the masseter, temporalis, pterygoid internus et externus muscles, tensor tympani, omohyoid and anterior digastric muscles.

Its motor core is located in the pons. Its motor fibers join with the sensory fibers of the trigeminal nerve originating from the Gasseri ganglion. Its sensory fibers transmit impulses of pain, temperature, touch and proprioceptive feelings. Its areas are the face and mucosa of the tongue and the oral cavity as well as the tongue, and the nasal cavity. Proprioceptive impulses originate mainly from muscles innervated by the mandibular branch to the Gasseri ganglion.
The trigeminal nerve is divided into three main branches, namely (Pearce.2009):

Ophthalmic Nerve. It is sensory in nature and functions to innervate the scalp in the front of the upper eyelid, the mucous membrane of the eyelids and the eyeball.
Maxillary Nerve. It is sensory in nature and functions to innervate the upper teeth, upper lip, palate, nasal bridge, nasal cavity, and maxillary sinus.
Mandibular Nerve. It is compound (sensory and motor), its motor fibers innervate the muscles of mastication, sensory fibers innervate the lower teeth, the skin of the temporal region and the chin. The fibers of the oral cavity and tongue can carry taste stimuli to the brain.

Its function is as a triplet nerve where this nerve is the largest brain nerve which has 2 large nerve roots containing driving nerve fibers. And at the end of the smallest spinal column contains the driving nerve fibers. At the end of the ossicles the taste buds form a ganglion called the nerve node and leave the cranial cavity.
Trigeminal nerve function can be assessed through various examinations as follows (Pearce.2009)

Examination of the sense of temperature, pain and touch in the area of the innervation of the V nerve (the face and the ventral part of the calvaria).
Corneal reflex test.
Examination of the function of the muscles of mastication. For example, by asking the patient to close both jaws tightly, so that the teeth in the lower jaw press against the teeth in the upper jaw, while masseter muscle and temporal muscle can be easily palpated.
The functions of the cutaneous, maxillary and mandibular branches are important in dentistry. The maxillary nerve provides sensory innervation to the maxillary teeth, palate, and gingiva. The mandibular branch provides sensory innervation to the mandibular teeth, tongue, and gingiva. The variety of nerves that supply innervation to the tooth is transmitted to the alveolaris, to the socket where the tooth originates. The superior alveolar nerve to the maxillary tooth originates from the maxillary branch of the trigeminal nerve. The inferior alveolar nerve to the mandibular teeth originates from the mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve.

7 Nursing Diagnosis for Pulmonary Tuberculosis (TB)

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Sat, 11 Sep 2021 09:33:00 +0700

Pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious bacterial infection that involves the lungs. It may spread to other organs.

Tuberculosis (TB) is a potentially serious infectious disease that mainly affects the lungs. The bacteria that cause tuberculosis are spread from person to person through tiny droplets released into the air via coughs and sneezes.

Many tuberculosis strains resist the drugs most used to treat the disease. People with active tuberculosis must take many types of medications for months to get rid of the infection and prevent antibiotic resistance.

Tuberculosis is caused by bacteria that spread through the air, just like a cold or the flu. You can get TB only if you come into contact with people who have it.

Symptoms of TB can develop slowly and may vary. The main symptoms of pulmonary TB include: a bad cough that lasts for at least 3 weeksTrusted, chest pain, coughing up blood or phlegm from the lungs, breathlessness.

More general symptoms of TB can include: weight loss, a loss of appetite, nausea and vomiting, low energy or fatigue, fever and chills, night sweats.

People with latent TB do not have any symptoms or feel sick.

7 Nursing Diagnosis for Pulmonary Tuberculosis (TB) :

1. Ineffective airway clearance
related to
thick and pus-filled secretions, fatigue, less coughing ability, trachea/pharyngeal edema

2. Ineffective breathing pattern
related to
decreased lung expansion secondary to fluid buildup in the pleural space.

3. Impaired gas exchange
related to
decreased effective lung tissue, atelectasis, alveolar-capillary membrane damage, and bronchial edema.

4. Imbalance of nutrition; less than body needs
related to
feeling of nausea, productive cough.

5. Risk for spreading infection
related to
inadequate self-defense mechanisms, tissue damage, malnutrition, environmental exposure, lack of knowledge to prevent exposure to pathogens.

6. Risk for low self-esteem
related to
negative image about illness, feelings of shame.

7. Knowledge deficit: regarding conditions, treatment rules
related to
lack of information about the process and management of home care.

Bed Making in Nursing - PPT

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Wed, 18 Aug 2021 23:59:00 +0700

Bed Making in Nursing

Bed Making : Presented By

OUTLINES :

BED MAKING

TYPES OF BED-MAKING

Occupied
unoccupied

ASSESSMENT
PLANNING
IMPLEMENTATION FOR BED-MAKING PROCEDURES.
Evaluation and documentation.

OBJECTIVES :

The student will be able to:
Demonstrate guidelines to make an unoccupied and occupied bed.
Evaluate a peer using skills check.

Types of Bed MAking Procedures :

1-Unoccupied bed, used when the client is able to get out of bed, is left open with the top sheets folded down
2-Occupied bed, used when the client is not allowed out of bed.

Assessment

1-Check the activity order, and assess the client's ability to get out of bed. Rationale: This determines whether an unoccupied or occupied bed should be made.

2-Assess the client's self-toileting ability; note the presence of any wounds, drainage tubes.
Rationale: This determines if placement of waterproof pads should be on the bed.

Planning
Expected outcomes focus on the client's safety and comfort.

Expected Outcomes
1-Client has a clean, safe environment throughout hospitalization.
2-Client verbalizes a sense of comfort while in bed.
3-Client's skin remains free of irritation throughout hospitalization.

Purpose of Unoccupied Bed Making

To be ready for the next occupant
Prepare the bed for the client’s return
To provide a clean environment
To provides a good appearance
To minimize source of infection

Supplies and Equipment

Gloves
Mattress Pad
Bottom Sheet
Cotton draw sheet
A plastic draw sheet
Pillow Case
Top sheet
Blanket
Bed spread
Linen Hamper or bag
Bed side

Unoccupied Bed Making

PROCEDURE FOR MAKING AN UNOCCUPIED BED:

Gather necessary linens in the order to be used.
Wash your hands. Put on gloves.
Explain what you are going to do.
Raise adjustable bed to high position; lower bed rails.
Remove the pillowcase and place the pillow on the bed side chair.
Place soiled linen in the linen hamper .
Wash and dry plastic covered mattress ,if soiled.
Remove gloves, and wash hands
Place the folded bottom sheet with its center fold on the center of the bed. spread the sheet over the mattress.
Place draw sheet in the center of the bed.
Place the top sheet, and cover the top sheet with blanket.
Fold back the cuff at the head of the bed with the sheet and blanket.
But clean billow case on the pillow and place it in the center at the top of the bed.
The closed bed: Pull the covers up to the head of the bed. The open bed: Fanfold the top of the linens to the bottom third of the bed.
Return the bed to previous position .
and wash your hands

Unoccupied Bed Making

Purpose of Occupied Bed Making:

To promote the client’s comfort To provide a clean environment for the client
To minimize source of skin irritation

Supplies and Equipment
Same the supplies and equipments used during the unoccupied bed making

Unoccupied Bed Making

Assemble equipment and supplies
Explain to the client what you are going to do
Wash hands
Provide for clients privacy
Loosen all the top linen at the foot of the bed and remove the spread and the blanket.
leave the top sheet over the client.
Change the bottom sheet and draw sheet
Assist the client to turn on the side facing. Raise the side rail nearest the client.
Loosen the foundation of the linen on the side of the bed near the linen supply.
Fanfold the bottom sheet and the draw sheet at the center of the bed.
Place the new bottom sheet and draw sheet on the bed , and vertically fanfold the half to be used on the far side of the bed.
Tuck the sheet under the near half of the bed and miter the corner.
Assisst the client to roll over toward you onto the clean side and Move the side rail before leaving the side of the bed.
Remove the used linen and place it in the portable hamper.
Unfold the fan folded bottom sheet and the draw sheet from the center of the bed.
use both hands to pull the bottom and draw sheet then tuck the excess under the side of the mattress.
Reposition the client in the center of the bed.
Reposition the pillows at the center of the bed.
Spread the top sheet and the blanket over the client .
Complete the top of the bed. And Raise the side rails.
Return the bed to previous position and wash your hands.

Evaluation

EVALUATION

Observe client's linens for cleanliness and tightness.
Ask if client is comfortable after bed is made.
Observe client's skin for signs of irritation.

Documentation

Source : https://www.slideshare.net/ParveenKumarChadha1/bed-making-in-nursing

Bed making in nursing from Nursing Hi Nursing

Sedentary Lifestyle - Nursing Diagnosis and Interventions

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Wed, 18 Aug 2021 23:13:00 +0700

Nursing Care Plan Sedentary Lifestyle - Sedentary lifestyle is a mode of living in which a person, an adult or child, does not engage in sufficient physical activity or exercise for what is generally considered healthy living. The term is often used by doctors or professionals within the medical community to describe a lifestyle among many people in highly developed countries that does not afford them opportunities for physical activity. This type of living has been heavily influenced by the propagation of passive forms of entertainment such as television, video games, and computer use. Along with such inactive types of entertainment, shifting of large numbers of adult workers from physical labor to office jobs has also increased the tendency for many people, especially in technologically developed nations, toward a sedentary lifestyle.

Nursing diagnosis: sedentary Lifestyle related to Lack of interest, motivation, resources, Lack of training or knowledge of specific exercise needs, Safety concerns or fear of injury.

Possibly evidenced by
Physical deconditioning
Daily routine lacking in physical exercise

Desired Outcomes/Evaluation Criteria—Client Will
Knowledge: Prescribed Activity
Verbalize understanding of importance of regular exercise to weight loss and general well-being.
Identify necessary precautions and safety concerns and self-monitoring techniques.
Formulate realistic exercise program with gradual increase in activity.

Nursing intervention with rationale:
1. Review necessity for and benefits of regular exercise.
Rationale: Exercise promotes weight loss by reducing appetite, increasing energy, toning muscles, and enhancing cardiac fitness and sense of well-being and accomplishment.

2. Determine current activity level and plan progressive exercise program tailored to the individual’s physical condition, goals, and choice.
Rationale: Commitment on the part of the client enables the setting of more realistic goals and adherence to the plan.

3. Identify perceived and actual barriers to exercise.
Rationale: Lack of resources, including proper apparel such as supportive shoes and comfortable clothing, a safe place to walk, or facility membership for water aerobics, reduces the likelihood of individual adhering to specific program. In addition, fear of discrimination or ridicule by others may limit client’s willingness to exercise in public.

4. Discuss appropriate warm-up exercises, cool-down activities, and specific techniques to avoid injury.
Rationale: Preventing muscle injuries allows client to stay active. Time spent recuperating from exercise-induced injuries may result in relapse to sedentary habits.

5. Determine optimal exercise heart rate. Demonstrate proper technique to monitor pulse and discuss signs and symptoms requiring modification of activity.
Rationale: Promotes safety as client exercises to tolerance, not peer pressure.

6. Identify alternatives to chosen activity program to accommodate weather, travel, and so forth.
Rationale: Promotes continuation of program.

7. Discuss use of mechanical devices or equipment for weight reduction.
Rationale: Fat loss occurs on a generalized overall basis, and there is no evidence that spot reducing or mechanical devices aid in weight loss in specific areas; however, specific types of exercise or equipment may be useful in toning specific body parts.

8. Recommend keeping a graph of activity as exercise program advances.
Rationale: Provides visual record of progress and positive reinforcement for efforts.

9. Suggest client identify an exercise buddy.
Rationale: Provides support and companionship, increasing likelihood of adherence to program.

10. Encourage involvement in social activities that are not centered on food—bike ride or nature hike, attending musical event, and group sporting activities.
Rationale: Provides opportunity for pleasure and relaxation not associated with food.

4 Nursing Diagnosis for Shingles (Herpes Zoster)

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Sat, 7 Aug 2021 23:34:00 +0700

Shingles, also known as zoster or herpes zoster, is a viral disease characterized by a painful skin rash with blisters in a localized area. Typically the rash occurs in a single, wide stripe either on the left or right side of the body or face. Two to four days before the rash occurs there may be tingling or local pain in the area. Otherwise there are typically few symptoms though some may have fever or headache, or feel tired. The rash usually heals within two to four weeks; however, some people develop ongoing nerve pain which can last for months or years, a condition called postherpetic neuralgia (PHN). In those with poor immune function the rash may occur widely. If the rash involves the eye, vision loss may occur.

Shingles and chickenpox are distinct human diseases but are closely related in their life cycles. Both originate from infection of an individual with the varicella zoster virus (VZV). Chickenpox, also called varicella, results from the initial infection with the virus, typically occurring during childhood or adolescence. Once the chickenpox has resolved, the virus can remain inactive (dormant) in human nerve cells for years or decades, after which it may reactivate. Then the virus can travel along nerve bodies to nerve endings in the skin, producing blisters. That is, shingles results from a reactivation of the dormant chickenpox virus. Notably, exposure to the shingles/varicella virus in shingles blisters can cause chickenpox (in someone who has not had chickenpox), but will not trigger shingles. How the virus remains dormant in the body or subsequently re-activates is not well understood.

4 Nursing Diagnosis for Shingles (Herpes Zoster) :

1. Acute pain related to physiological injuring agents.

2. Impaired skin integrity related to changes in pigmentation.

3. Hyperthermia related to infection.

4. Risk for infection related to insufficient knowledge to avoid exposure to pathogens.

5. Imbalanced nutrition: less than body requirements related to inability to enter, digest and absorb food due to biological factors.

Source :

Shingles - Wikipedia

Nursing Diagnosis for Cataract

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Sat, 7 Aug 2021 23:16:00 +0700

A cataract is a clouding or opacification of the normally clear lens of the eye or its capsule (surrounding transparent membrane) that obscures the passage of light through the lens to the retina of the eye. This blinding disease can affect infants, adults, and older people, but it predominates the latter group. It can be bilateral and vary in severity. The disease process progresses gradually without affecting daily activities early on, but with time, especially after the fourth or fifth decade, the cataract will eventually mature, making the lens completely opaque to light interfering with routine activities. Cataracts are a significant cause of blindness worldwide. Treatment options include correction with refractive glasses only at earlier stages, and if cataract mature enough to interfere with routine activities, surgery may be advised, which is very fruitful.

Cataracts are a common part of the eye’s aging process. Eventually, they can cause:

Vision that’s cloudy, blurry, foggy or filmy.
Sensitivity to bright sunlight, lamps or headlights.
Glare (seeing a halo around lights), especially when you drive at night with oncoming headlights.
Prescription changes in glasses, including sudden nearsightedness.
Double vision.
Need for brighter light to read.
Difficulty seeing at night (poor night vision).
Changes in the way you see color.

Nursing Diagnosis for Pre and Post Cataract Surgery :

Pre Cataract Surgery :

1. Impaired sensory perception (vision): related to changes in sensory reception.

2. Anxiety related to lack of information about operating procedure.

Post Cataract Surgery :

1. Acute pain related to postoperative wounds.

2. Risk for infection related to increased susceptibility secondary, due to surgical interruption of the ocular surface.

List of Companies Operating Nursing Homes in the U.S.

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Thu, 5 Aug 2021 00:58:00 +0700

The following is a list of companies operating nursing homes in the U.S.:

Association of Jewish Aging Services

Ecumen

Bailey-Boushay House

Brookdale Senior Living

Catholic Health Services

Ecumen

Emeritus Assisted Living

The Evangelical Lutheran Good Samaritan Society

Genesis HealthCare

Gentiva Health Services

H/2 Capital Partners

HCR ManorCare

Humana

Life Care Centers of America

Lillian Booth Actors Home

Motion Picture & Television Country House and Hospital

St. Camillus Health Center

Twelve Oaks Lodge

Veterans Health Administration

Wesley Woods

Source :

List of companies operating nursing homes - Wikipedia

Nursing Diagnosis for Rheumatoid Arthritis

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Thu, 5 Aug 2021 00:50:00 +0700

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a long-term autoimmune disorder that primarily affects joints. It typically results in warm, swollen, and painful joints. Pain and stiffness often worsen following rest. Most commonly, the wrist and hands are involved, with the same joints typically involved on both sides of the body. The disease may also affect other parts of the body, including skin, eyes, lungs, heart, nerves and blood. This may result in a low red blood cell count, inflammation around the lungs, and inflammation around the heart. Fever and low energy may also be present. Often, symptoms come on gradually over weeks to months.

While the cause of rheumatoid arthritis is not clear, it is believed to involve a combination of genetic and environmental factors. The underlying mechanism involves the body's immune system attacking the joints. This results in inflammation and thickening of the joint capsule. It also affects the underlying bone and cartilage. The diagnosis is made mostly on the basis of a person's signs and symptoms. X-rays and laboratory testing may support a diagnosis or exclude other diseases with similar symptoms. Other diseases that may present similarly include systemic lupus erythematosus, psoriatic arthritis, and fibromyalgia among others.

Nursing Diagnosis for Rheumatoid Arthritis

1. Pain (acute / chronic)

related to:

tissue distended by the accumulation of fluid / inflammation,

joint destruction.

2. Impaired physical mobility

related to:

skeletal deformity,

pain,

decreased muscle strength.

3. Body Image Disturbance

related to:

changes in the ability to carry out common tasks,

increased use of energy,

imbalance mobility.

4. Self-care deficit

related to:

musculoskeletal damage,

decreased strength and endurance,

pain when moving,

depression.

5. Knowledge Deficit: about the disease, prognosis, and treatment needs

related to:

lack of exposure / recall,

misinterpretation of information.

Source :

Rheumatoid arthritis - Wikipedia

5 Nursing Diagnosis for Rheumatoid Arthritis - Nursing Diagnosis (nandanursingdiagnosis.blogspot.com)

Assessment, Nursing Diagnosis and Interventions for Pain

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Thu, 5 Aug 2021 00:29:00 +0700

Assessment, Nursing Diagnosis and Interventions for Pain

Pain

Pain is the most common reason a person seeking medical assistance. Pain occurs with the disease process, diagnostic examination and treatment process. Pain is very annoying and difficult for many people. The nurse could not see and feel the pain experienced by the client, because pain is subjective (between one individual with another individual is different in addressing the pain). Nurses provide nursing care to clients in various situations and circumstances, which provide interventions to improve comfort. According to some theories of nursing, comfort is the basic requirement that the client is the purpose of nursing care. The statement was supported by Kolcaba who said that comfort is a state has met basic human needs.

Definition of Pain

Pain is an unpleasant feeling that is conveyed to the brain by sensory neurons. The discomfort signals actual or potential injury to the body. However, pain is more than a sensation, or the physical awareness of pain; it also includes perception, the subjective interpretation of the discomfort. Perception gives information on the pain's location, intensity, and something about its nature. The various conscious and unconscious responses to both sensation and perception, including the emotional response, add further definition to the overall concept of pain.

What do you know about Pain ?

Pain is tiring and requires a lot of energy
Pain is subjective and individualized
Pain can not be objectively assessed as X-rays or blood lab
Nurses can assess patients' pain just by looking at physiological changes and behavior of client statements
Only the client knows when pain and pain arising
Pain is a physiological defense mechanism
Pain is a warning sign of tissue damage
Pain started the inability
The false perception that causes pain so pain management is not optimal

In summary, Mahon, argued pain following attributes:

Pain is an individual
Pain is not fun
Is a strength that dominate
Are endless

Nursing Assessment of Pain

Assessment of pain is factual and accurate information is required to:

Establish a baseline
Appropriate nursing diagnosis
Selecting a suitable therapy
Evaluate client response to therapy given

Nurses need to explore the experience of pain from the viewpoint of the client. The advantage for clients pain assessment is that the pain is identified, recognized as something tangible, measurable, can be explained, and used to evaluate treatment.

Things that need to be studied are as follows:

1. Expression of the client to pain

Many clients do not report / discuss the condition of discomfort. For that nurses must learn how verbal and nonverbal clients in communicating a sense of discomfort. Clients who are unable to communicate effectively often requires special attention when the assessment.

2. Classification of pain experience

Nurses assess whether the client felt the pain of acute or chronic. When acute, it takes a detailed assessment of the characteristics of pain and when pain is chronic, then the nurse to determine whether ongoing intermittent pain, persistent or limited.

3. Characteristics of pain

Onset and duration. Nurses assess how long the pain is felt, how often pain relapse, and whether the appearance of pain at the same time.
Location. The nurse asks the client to indicate where the pain is felt, or feels settled on spread
Severity. The nurse asks the client describes how severe the pain is felt. To obtain these data the nurse can use assistive devices, measuring scales. Clients indicated the scale of measurement, then given the choice to suit current conditions. Measuring scale can be a numeric scale, descriptive, visual analogue.

4. Effects of pain on the client

Pain is stressful and can change the lifestyle and psychological well-being of individuals. Nurses should review the following things to determine the effect of pain on the client:

Signs and symptoms of physical. Nurses assess the physiological signs, because of the pain that is felt the client could have an effect on the normal functioning of the body.
Behavioral effects. Nurses assess verbal response, body movements, facial expressions, and social interaction. Verbal report of pain is a vital part of the assessment, nurses must be willing to listen and try to understand the client. Not all clients are capable of expressing the pain that is felt, for things like that nurses should be aware of client behaviors that indicate pain.
Effects on ADL. Clients who experience pain are less able to participate in regular daily activities. This assessment indicates the extent of the adjustment process the client capabilities and participate in self-care. It is important also to assess the effects of pain on the client's social activities.

5. Neurological status

Neurological function more easily influence the pain experience. Any factors that interfere with or affect the reception and perception of pain that would normally affect the client's responses and awareness of pain. It is important for nurses to assess the neurological status of the clients, because clients who have neurological disorders are not sensitive to pain. Preventive action needs to be done on the client with a neurological disorder that easily injured.

Nursing Care Plan for Pain - Assessment, Diagnosis and Interventions

Nursing Diagnosis for Pain

Acute Pain related to physical injury, reduction of blood supply, process of giving birth
Chronic Pain related to the malignancy
Anxiety related to pain that is felt
Ineffective individual coping related to chronic pain
Impaired physical mobility related to musculoskeletal pain
Risk for injury related to lack of perception of pain

Nursing Interventions for Pain

Nurses develop a plan of nursing diagnoses that have been made. Nurses and clients together to discuss realistic expectations of action to overcome the pain, the degree of recovery of the expected pain, and the effects that must be anticipated in the client's lifestyle and function. Expected outcomes and goals of nursing and nursing diagnoses were selected based on the client's condition. The general objective of nursing care with pain are as follows:

Clients feel healthy and comfortable
Clients retain the ability to perform self-care
Clients maintain physical function and psychological currently owned
Client describes the factors that cause pain
Clients use the therapy given safely at home

Source :

Nursing Care Plan for Pain - Assessment, Diagnosis and Interventions - Nursing Care Plan (nursing-care-plan.blogspot.com)

Samsung Ativ Book 9 Review

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Fri, 3 Apr 2020 23:44:00 +0700

Many manufacturers take "compete with all the MacBook Air" way too seriously, as if there’s only one method to make a lean and light notebook. Samsung proves in any other case. Samsung Ativ Book 9 Plus differs from the others from the Air in virtually any respect — it’s black and smooth, with softly rounded corners as well as a slim, sloping profile that means it is look even a lot less than 0. 53 inches thick.

The obvious starting point for discussing the Samsung Ativ Book 9 Plus could be the display, since it thus easily grabs your attention the minute you power for the laptop. The 13. 3-inch display has a whopping 3200 by means of 1800 Quad HD+ touchscreen display screen.

The new type unveiled at CES 2014 could be the Samsung Ativ Book 9 (2014 Edition), that is a 15. 6-inch ultrabook-style notebook.Touch screen Laptop are less widespread than smaller people, but can certainly be a great balance between productivity and portability.

Samsung Ativ Book 9 SPECIFICATIONS :

Operating System : Windows® 8 (64-bit)
Processor : Intel® Core™ i5 Processor 4200U
MEMORY RAM : 4GB
Storage : 128GB
Intel® HD Graphics 4400
DISPLAY : 13.3"inch 3200 x 1800
802.11 a/b/g/n wlan Bluetooth 4.0
Battery : Up to 7.5 hours
weight : 3.06lb

Watch this Review :

Source : http://view-laptop-laptop.blogspot.com

Lenovo IdeaPad Z500 Review

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Fri, 3 Apr 2020 23:34:00 +0700

This kind of Lenovo IdeaPad Z500 Touch is not only any old unit though, because because name suggests, it packs this added kudos of accepting your prodding ring finger as another kind of input, thanks for the inclusion of a new touchscreen panel. And since the laptop is rocking House windows 8, this isn't an issue that is immediately undermined because of the operating system.

It’s surprisingly slim to get a general-purpose laptop, getting 25mm thick in addition to weighing 2. 2kg. We suspect this is because its largely cheap chassis. It doesn’t seem quite as fashionable as other touch screen laptop on this price range, however the brushed metal finish off surrounding the keyboard tray looks intelligent.

It's quite beautifully designed, with a matt-black finish on the exterior and gun-metal grey for that keyboard panel and round the edges of this screen. The moulded important factors of Lenovo's ‘accutype' keyboard use a nice, smooth action as well as the trackpad is huge and comfortable. It even features a full-size set of cursor keys, which can be something of a rarity these days.

Lenovo IdeaPad Z500 Specifications :

Operating System : Microsoft Windows 8
Processor : 3rd generation Intel® Core™ i5-3230M - 3rd generation Intel® Core™ i3-3120M
MEMORY RAM : 4GB, 8GB (DDR3)
Graphics card : Intel® HD Graphics 4000 (integrated)
DISPLAY : 15.6" backlit LED HD display
Weight : 6.37 lbs
Storage : 500GB
Intel Centrino Wireless N-2230 - Bluetooth® 4.0

Watch This Review :

Source : http://view-laptop-laptop.blogspot.com/