https://journals.lww.com/co-otolaryngology/toc/9900/00000 en-us Wed, 06 Aug 2025 05:00:03 -0500 Wolters Kluwer Health RSS Generator https://images.journals.lww.com/co-otolaryngology/XLargeThumb.00020840-202508000-00000.CV.jpeg https://journals.lww.com/co-otolaryngology/toc/9900/00000 https://journals.lww.com/co-otolaryngology/fulltext/9900/cochlear_gene_therapy_for_otoferlin_related.198.aspx Purpose of review There are currently five groups internationally involved in human clinical gene therapy trials for otoferlin-associated hearing loss. This includes (in alphabetical order) the Eye and ENT Hospital Fudan University (China), Lilly-Akouos (USA), Otovia (China), Regeneron (USA), and Sensorion (France). This review summarizes early work that led to these efforts and highlights early published data on clinical outcomes. Recent findings While published outcomes are currently limited, data emerging from each of these clinical trials is highly consistent. Using a dual vector approach to reconstitute full length Otoferlin, all groups report varying degrees of hearing improvement following cochlear gene therapy, with some cases of hearing restoration to normal levels. Recent data suggests that improvement is not limited only to young children but also adolescents and even young adults in some cases. The treatments all appear safe with limited adverse effects associated with the therapies reported. Summary Gene therapy for otoferlin-related deafness appears highly successful in most cases with limited reported adverse effects or outcomes. This success will undoubtably usher in a new era of gene therapy for other forms of genetic deafness.]]> Thu, 31 Jul 2025 00:00:00 GMT-05:00 00020840-990000000-00198 https://journals.lww.com/co-otolaryngology/fulltext/9900/non_obstructive_sleep_apnea_pediatric_sleep.196.aspx Purpose of review Sleep complaints are exceedingly common in children and are associated with cognitive and psychosocial impairment. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) accounts for only a small percentage of pediatric sleep problems. A comprehensive understanding of nonbreathing-related sleep disorders in pediatric patients is, therefore, needed to adequately assess and treat pediatric patients presenting with sleep concerns. Recent findings The review below summarizes the most common non-OSA sleep disorders in pediatric patients, focusing on comprehensive evaluation and evidence-based treatment recommendations. We also describe and review the literature on the newest pediatric sleep disorder, restless sleep disorder (RSD). Summary Pediatric otolaryngologists should be equipped to take a concise yet thorough sleep history, identify features of non-OSA sleep disorders, counsel patients and families regarding key sleep hygiene measures, and appropriately refer patients with suspected non-OSA sleep disorders such as circadian rhythm disorders, parasomnias, and/or narcolepsy for additional sleep medicine evaluation, testing and/or treatment whenever indicated.]]> Thu, 03 Jul 2025 00:00:00 GMT-05:00 00020840-990000000-00196 https://journals.lww.com/co-otolaryngology/fulltext/9900/olfactory_outcomes_in_skull_base_surgery.162.aspx Purpose of review This review examines the impact of skull base surgery on olfactory function, a critical yet often overlooked aspect of postoperative quality of life. As surgical techniques continue to evolve, understanding their impact on olfaction is key to optimizing patient outcomes. Recent findings The relationship between skull base surgery and olfactory function continues to be debated in the literature. With the adoption of transnasal surgical approaches, a significant concern has been its impact on olfaction. Prior studies have shown evidence of olfactory dysfunction following transnasal skull base surgery, though these findings are not universal. A particular area of discussion involves the use of the pedicled nasoseptal flap, which has demonstrated potentially negative short-term olfactory impacts. Additional concerns surround flap design (olfactory strip preservation) and technique of flap harvest (cold knife versus electrocautery). Evidence suggests that olfactory strip preservation may effectively maintain postoperative olfactory performance, while cold knife techniques offer no clear advantage over electrocautery. Summary The inconsistencies in the literature underscore the need for standardized, large-scale studies that directly compare surgical techniques to better understand the impact of transnasal skull base surgery on olfaction. This is essential to optimizing surgical outcomes and improving patient quality of life postoperatively.]]> Tue, 05 Nov 2024 00:00:00 GMT-06:00 00020840-990000000-00162 https://journals.lww.com/co-otolaryngology/fulltext/9900/management_of_paediatric_sialorrhea.154.aspx Purpose of review To summarize current understanding of and recent literature on the management of sialorrhea in children. Recent findings Sialorrhea is a symptom of oropharyngeal dysphagia and reduced clearance. Sialorrhea can be anterior, with forward overflow of saliva, causing skin rash, social embarrassment and spillage on communication devices; or posterior, where there is pharyngeal pooling of saliva, which may cause aspiration. Assessment of sialorrhea involves a clinical evaluation, focusing on the individual's age, development, underlying medical condition and whether the sialorrhea is anterior, posterior or both. Craniomaxillofacial structure, posture, airway patency, neuromotor control, level of social awareness, motivation and caregiver concerns are assessed. To manage sialorrhea, integration of multiple strategies is usually needed. There is good evidence for behavioral intervention, oral appliances, anticholinergic medications, botulinum toxin injection and surgery. The role of various options of surgery in providing a longer lasting effect is supported. Adjunctive airway and craniomaxillofacial surgery may be indicated. Summary Sialorrhea is a modifiable condition with multifactorial causes requiring multimodal therapy by an inter-disciplinary team. There is increasing evidence on the role of saliva surgery in improving the quality of life for the person with sialorrhea and their caregivers.]]> Fri, 27 Sep 2024 00:00:00 GMT-05:00 00020840-990000000-00154