current world affairs

POLITICAL SYSTEM OF UNITED STATE OF AMERICA

2020-03-21T11:24:00.000+05:00

POLITICAL SYSTEM OF UNITED STATE OF AMERICA

The political system of the USA is based on the American constitution which was framed two centuries ago. The major pillars of the political system of the USA are the president, the congress, the judiciary, and political parties. The federal system of the USA is considered to be the father of all the modern democracies in the world. USA government is a presidential form of government, the highest executive and administrative power lies with the president of the United State of America. The legislative power is with the congress. The Independent judiciary is the key feature of the political system of the united state of America. As the USA is democracies the political parties also play a pivotal role in the political system of the country. There are mainly two parties, Republicans and the Democrats, that’s work at the national level and are key stakeholders of the country's political system. However, there are many small and regional political parties but there impact on national politics is very limited. We will discuss the major component of the political system of the USA in the following heading:

CONSTITUTION OF UNITED STATE OF AMERICA

The constitution of the USA was framed on March 4, 1789 originally consisted of seven articles. The original constitution was so compact and short, the reason behind it is that initially the framers of the constitution just kept in mind the need of 13 states and it was the earlier day of the independence of America. With time to time, the constitution was polished by the lawmakers and the judiciary. The text of the constitution was also so dense and requires clarification and interpretation. The number of the states also increased, new problems and challenges emerged so to counter these, new provisions and amendments were introduced in the constitution. In short, the framers just gave a skeleton of the constitution and with time the lawmakers and judiciary put flesh on that skeleton. Although the process of the amendment to the constitution is so rigid that’s why, only 27 amendments have so far been introduced in the constitution, in more the two centuries.

The American constitution is a presidential and federal form of constitution. It provides rules and regulations on which the government of the country will run. It also provides a division of power between states and the center. The constitution of the USA is rigid, the amendment needs the consent of states as well as the center, which is a difficult task to do.

President of the the united state of America

The head of the state and the head of the government in the political system of America is the president. President is responsible for all the administrative and executive affairs of the country. Article 2 of the constitution of America, deals with the power, role, and responsibilities of the president. President in the united state is the final source of all the decisions. It is the most powerful office in not only America but in the whole world. It is said by many political scholars that if a competent candidate made his way to the office, he will no only exercise the powers that are listed in the constitution but also those that are not laid down in it.

President has powers in the executive, he/she makes high profile appointments in every department, he/she is the commander-in-chief of the armed forces, and supervises the financial affairs of the country. He/she is the chief spokesperson of the country in foreign affairs and policies.

He/she also enjoys a great deal of influence in the legislation of the country. He/she gives a State of the Union address at the start of every legislative year and draws a map for the legislation for the year. He/she also has veto powers in lawmaking and every bill requires the president's assent to become a law.

President has power in the judiciary too. She/he can appoint judges with the consent of congress .he also have the power of pardon and amnesties in some crimes.

READ: COVID-19 ITS FACTS AND IMPACTS

THE CONGRESS OF THE UNITED STATE OF AMERICA.

The political system of the USA has a bicameral legislature. Bicameral legislature means that there are two houses, the upper house, senate and the lower house, house of Representatives. The tenure of the Senate is six years and two senators return from each state, which makes the Senate a body of 100 members. The tenure of the house of Representatives is two years and the number of members from each state is based on the population of that sate. The total number of the house of Representatives is 438. The members of both the state elect by direct election with first past the post method.

The congress's core responsibility is lawmaking. It also has the power of recognition of treaties and foreign accords. It also gives approval for war and peace to the executive. The House of Representatives is the custodian of country finance and revenue. Without its assent, no money can be spent by the executive in any form. The executive requires to pass the budget from the Congress for the whole fiscal year. Senate also gives its approval for the appointment made by the president. Congress also has the power to impeach the president for high treason and misuse of powers.

JUDICIARY OF UNITED STATE OF AMERICA

Judicial is the key element of the political system of the United State of America. Every federation requires an effective, impartial and independent judiciary that can maintain the balance of power between both the center and the states. The Judicial system of the USA fulfills all these requirements.

The federal court, the highest court of the country, consists of one chief justice and 18 associate judges. These judges are appointed by the President with the approval of the Senate. The federal court has jurisdiction over all the federal subjects and it is the highest court of appeal in the country. The federal court also plays a vital role in resolving the issues and differences between the state and the center.

The striking feature of the federal court is the power of judicial review if the court considered any legislature pass by the congress against the constitution it has the power to declare it null and void. This feature of the judicial system of the USA distinguishes it from its contemporary political system of the UK.

READ: FUTURE OF AFGHANISTAN

THE STATES OF THE UNITED STATE OF AMERICAN

The main component of the political system of the USA in the state. the federation of the USA is consists of 50 states. they are governed by a governor, elected by direct election with a majority vote. Sates have their own state legislature assembly and high courts. The states have their own constitution and subject list.

POLITICAL PARTIES OF UNITED STATE OF AMERICA

The political system of the USA is all revolved around the political parties of the USA. There are two major political parties in the USA, the Democrats, and the Republican Party. Both parties exist in the political system of the USA before the independences and both have a rich history and struggle for the success of the current political system. There are local or regional political parties too but the mainstream or national level political parties are only two that why we can safely say that there are two-party systems in the USA.

CONCLUSION

The struggle and the evolution of the political system of the USA from its independence in 1778 is an open book for the world to learn from. Many modern countries have learned from the democracy and political system of the USA and adopted that system for their countries. It is also said by many political scholars that the political system of the USA is the mother of modern political democratic systems

WRITTEN BY ISHAQ KHAN

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Novel Corona Virus or COVID-19 Outbreak and its Social and Economic Effects

2020-03-10T19:04:00.000+05:00

Novel Corona Virus or COVID-19 Outbreak and its social and Economic Effects.

The major issue that the world is facing today is the Novel Corona Virus or COVID- 19 viruses; Novel Corona Virus or COVID-19 is affecting more than 111 states and territories. According to the world meter website statistic, the total confirm cases on March 9, 2020, is 111765 confirm cases while 3893 confirm death. The Novel Corona Virus or COVID-19 epidemic was so quick that it does not give any government, time to prepare itself to at least curtail its spreading. The COVID-19 or Novel Corona Virus is now becoming a symbol of terror. People have stopped meeting each other in many countries especially China, Hong Kong, and South Korea which are the main grounds of the virus. The social and economic machinery of many countries has halted and we are seeing a sign of global recession shortly if the spreading of the Novel Corona Virus continuous at the same speed. The global business and economy have slowed down the global GDP growth is lower than 1 percent which is an alarm bell for the whole world.

INFORMATION ABOUT NOVEL CORONA VIRUS OR COVID-19

Before we discuss the effect of the Novel Corona Virus or NOVID-19 on the world socially and economically, we will first discuss a little about this virus. The patient of Novel Corona Virus or COVID-19 suffers fever headache, cold, flu and some sorts of respiratory illness. The main organ that is affected by this virus is the lungs. Its appearances and symptoms are the same as common cold that’s why it was considered as common cold when it’s for the first time appear in china. The main preys to this virus are children, old aged, and the people who are chain smokers and have a weak immune system. It is not the first time that we have seen the Corona Virus attacking humans and causing a Pandemic. It appeared for the first time in China in 2003 as SARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome) and MERS (Middle Eastern respiratory syndrome) in Saudi Arabia in 2012.

SAR, MARS AND NOVEL CORONA OR COVID VIRUS

The Corona Virus family is basically a virus founds in animals like bats camel’s cats etc but some members of this virus are Zoonotic, like SARS, MARS, and Novel Corona Virus or COVID-19, that transfer from animals to humans and cause illness in the human body. SARS was transferred from covid cats to humans in China in 2003. SARS was reported from 26 countries with around 8000 cases at that time. Similarly, MARS was reported in Saudi Arabian in 2012, which also spread to 26 countries but most cases were reported from Saudi Arabia. MARS was reported as that it was transferred from the camel dormitory to humans. The recently reported virus is also a member of the same family of Corona Virus called as COVID-19 or Novel Corona Virus, which was first reported in Wuhan province, China and Wuhan is still the center of the virus outbreak with most death and infection cases. The virus attacks the respiratory system of the human body and if the disease converted to a severe stage, it affects the lungs to the level that it stops supplying oxygen to the other organs of the body, which causes death. The current outbreak is causing concern for the global community because it has reached to the developed countries too, cases have been reported from USA UK France, Japan, and Italy (the most suffer country of Europe with more than 7000 cases). The top diplomat, generals, and key political leaders are also suffering from the viral disease.

PREVENTIVE MEASURES FROM NOVEL CORONA OR COVID-19

The the main question is that, is the preventive measures are available or not. It is to be noted here that the virus is not as deadly as it is considered by people. Prevention is possible and easy. The recovery ratio of the affected people is more than 98 percent which is quite relaxing figures. The vaccination for the viral disease has not yet been discovered but the preventative` measure can save one from the attack. The covering of mouth and nose by a mask and washing hand frequently is the measure that can save one from the virus attack. Isolation of the infected person for his whole period of treat that is of around 25 days can prevent the spreading of the disease in the area.

NOVEL CORONA VIRUS OR COVID-19 AND IT'S SOCIAL EFFECTS

The Novel Corona Virus or NOVID-19 outbreaks have affected the social life of the people of the countries that are under its outbreak. The gathering, meeting, travel, recreation and entertainment have become very limited. In the Wuhan provinces of china, the streets are abandon by the people for the last three months only the official who is fighting the virus is seen in the streets. Travel and tourism have almost stopped. Many countries have imposed bans on different countries in which the virus is spreading or reported. The famous tourist countries are reporting low tourism in the last two months. The holy places of different religions are closed. The Mattaf was stopped in the Holly Mosque of Mecca for three days and the Saudi government has suspended visas for the foreign pilgrim. The virus is affecting the social life to a large extent once the virus enters a country within a short time the streets went abandon.

NOVEL CORONA VIRUS OR COVID-19 AND it's ECONOMIC EFFECTS

The economic effects of the Novel Corona Virus or NOVID-19 are so high that every country is experiencing its shocks. The largest economies like China, US, and the EU are greatly affected by the outbreak, which indirectly affects the whole world economy. The international and global business is heavy affected by the virus. The international trade slows down due to the closure of borders. According to IATA, the airline alone will lose 113 billion dollars in revenue in 2020. The losses of the tourist industry have also swelled up. 40000 hotel booking has already been cancel in Indonesia. 9billion tourism revenue falls in china in just one month. The ration of foreign tourists to Hong Kong falls 90 percent.

The global pandemic of Novel Corona Virus or COVID-2019 and the slowdown of the business and the Bearish stock markets of major economies show the sign of rescission. The interest of investors in investment has slow down and they are taking out their money from the markets that are causing concerns for the policymakers. Most of the financial markets are in negative points and if the trends continue in leading economies, the small and developing economies will not absorb the shock and the situation will become uncontrollable. The rescission will father increase the pain of the world because it is already suffering from the pandemic of viruses and the cases are increasing day by day.

CONCLUSION

The global players and international organizations need to do something for the spreading of the Novel Corona Virus or COVID-19 and for minimization of its social and economical effects. The great news is that the summers are coming in the northern hemisphere and the hot temperature will slow down the transmission of the virus but we need to slow down its impacts too. This issue needs to be curbed as soon as possible.

If you have any suggestion about my article on “NOVEL CORONA VIRUS OR COVID-19 AND ITS SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC EFFECTS” tell me in comments section or Email me.

Also, read my article on the “Future of Afghanistan”.

Future of Afghanistan

2020-03-07T20:19:00.000+05:00

-The history of present Afghanistan as a state began in 1747 when Ahmad Shah Abdali gathered all the afghan tribes and asked them to choose a leader for themselves. Ahmad Shah, a young dynamic military leader of King Nadir Shah Durrani of Persia, got the right from all the tribal leaders to rule the whole of Afghanistan. After that Afghanistan saw military and political advancement under his visionary leadership. Ahmad Shah Abdali conquered areas of the Mughal and Persian Empire. He also saved the Mughals and Shah Waliullah, a great reformer of the subcontinent, from the rising power of that time, Marathas in the Second Battle of Panipat, in 1761. But after the death of Ahmad Shah Abdali, due to the differences among tribes of Afghanistan on the basis of language, caste, tribes and leadership, they lost their dominance in the region. British also used their influence in Afghanistan and use the state as a buffer zone from the invasion from Russia. The difference between the people and tribes was the main cause of the downfall of Afghanistan in every period.

Future of Afghanistan

In the twentieth century, the difference between the Zahir Shah, king of Afghanistan and the pro-democratic leader abolished the monarchy and then in the democratic government the difference between different political parties and within in the people democratic party, which is the main actor of coup d’etat, pawed way for the USSR landed in Afghanistan. USA, Pakistan and Saudi Arabia together formed Mujahideen to fight USSR in Afghanistan. In 1992, Mujahedeen gave defeat to the pro-Soviet the government in Afghanistan and here starts the differences and fight between the Mujahedeen over the capital. This fight among Mujahedeen for power gave rise to the radical group Taliban under the leadership of a village Mullah named Muhammad Umer to try their luck for power and with a short time, they secured power in Afghanistan with the help of Pakistan. They also gave shelter to al Qaeda. Al-Qaeda started their activities against USA and that was the start of another terror and bloodshed chapter of Afghanistan history.

Future of Afghanistan

When Taliban refused to hand over Taliban leader Osama Bin Laden to USA, after 9/ 11 attacks, the USA along with its allied forces started airstrikes on hideouts of Al Qaeda in Afghanistan in Oct 2001 and ground attack in Dec 2001. They have been fighting the Taliban since then but the Taliban is considered the winner of this war by many political and war scientists and analysts. This all has had happened to Afghanistan due to their disunity and differences. Now that a peace deal is concluded between the USA and the Taliban in Doha, Qatar, again we are seeing differences between different segments of Afghanistan. It is said that not all the Taliban are happy with the deal, similarly, there is a clear cut division in the Afghanistan government about the deal.

Future of Afghanistan

On Feb. 29, US and Afghan Taliban concluded a peace deal in the presence of the international community in Doha Qatar. Everybody was happy and expressed their gratitude and good wish to Afghans, USA and the Taliban. But the ink of the agreement was not yet dry and the Afghan government reject the provision of the PRISONER RELEASE and Afghan Taliban attacked Afghan military forces, an airstrike was conducted against Afghan Taliban in retaliation to protect Afghan forces by the USA. The attacks continuo, 30 attacks were conducted by Taliban against Afghan government in the four days of the deal as reported by NATO Afghanistan Mission chief Jens Stoltenberg but both, US and Taliban are brazenly saying that ALL IS WELL. These attacks show that not all the fractions of Taliban and militant groups of Afghanistan are under the umbrella of the political office of the Taliban in Doha, Qatar.

Future of Afghanistan

US Chief Negotiator Zalmy khalilzad landed in Kabul to diffuse the tension that swells in the last few days. Mike Pompeo, US secretary of state, stated in an interview recently that the Afghan government must see the greater picture of the peace and avoid any conflict. Mullah Baradar, leader of the Afghan Taliban, said that the Taliban is committed to the provision of the deal. US chief Mediator also signaled that the US is committed to a significant prisoner released. This shows that there is a sense of lack of confidence among every player in the Afghanistan Peace process.

Future of Afghanistan

The Foreign Minister of Pakistan, Shah Mehmood Qureshi, acknowledged this fact in parliament speech that the key players of Afghanistan are not on the same page of peace. This time it is very clear that if things went wrong, there will be a civil war and Afghanistan will be divided into many parts or the situation will replicate the civil war of Syria. The success of intraAfghan dialogue is the only way that can save Afghanistan from further destruction and war. If both the parties, the Afghan government and Taliban, agreed on a political system that can compensate both the parties, we may see an Afghanistan without war.

After political settlement, there may be still challenges for Afghanistan because the whole economy of Afghanistan is running by US aid and if the US leaves they may suspend the aid that can cause hardships for the economy of Afghanistan but at least the decades' long war in Afghanistan can come to an end and Afghan may find solutions for their economic conditions.

Future of Afghanistan

The people of Afghanistan need to work hard and compromise for the sake of peaceful Afghanistan. US need to restrain foreign elements from disturbing the peace process of Afghanistan and the Taliban needs to forces different segments of fighter to come to the negotiations table. Afghan political leaderships also need to put behind their internal differences for a while and come to the dialogue table with the Afghan Taliban and conclude a deal of power-sharing under the provision of Doha deal. This is the only way forward.

Future of Afghanistan