Q. 77. Wherein do justification and sanctification differ?
A. Although sanctification be inseparably joined with justification,^[330] yet they differ, in that God in justification imputeth the righteousness of Christ;^[331] in sanctification of his Spirit infuseth grace, and enableth to the exercise thereof;^[332] in the former, sin is pardoned;^[333] in the other, it is subdued:^[334] the one doth equally free all believers from the revenging wrath of God, and that perfectly in this life, that they never fall into condemnation^[335] the other is neither equal in all,^[336] nor in this life perfect in any,^[337] but growing up to perfection.^[338]

Chapter 13: Of Sanctification

3: In which war, although the remaining corruption, for a time, may much prevail;^[274] yet, through the continual supply of strength from the sanctifying Spirit of Christ, the regenerate part does overcome;^[275] and so, the saints grow in grace,^[276] perfecting holiness in the fear of God.^[277]

Chapter 13: Of Sanctification

2: This sanctification is throughout, in the whole man;^[271] yet imperfect in this life, there abiding still some remnants of corruption in every part;^[272] whence arises a continual and irreconcilable war, the flesh lusting against the Spirit, and the Spirit against the flesh.^[273]

Westminster Larger Catechism

Q. 78. Whence ariseth the imperfection of sanctification in believers?
A. The imperfection of sanctification in believers ariseth from the remnants of sin abiding in every part of them, and the perpetual lustings of the flesh against the spirit; whereby they are often foiled with temptations, and fall into many sins,^[339] are hindered in all their spiritual services,^[340] and their best works are imperfect and defiled in the sight of God.^[341]

Q. 75. What is sanctification?
A. Sanctification is a work of God’s grace, whereby they whom God hath, before the foundation of the world, chosen to be holy, are in time, through the powerful operation of his Spirit^[314] applying the death and resurrection of Christ unto them,^[315] renewed in their whole man after the image of God;^[316] having the seeds of repentance unto life, and all other saving graces, put into their hearts,^[317] and those graces so stirred up, increased, and strengthened,^[318] as that they more and more die unto sin, and rise unto newness of life.^[319]

Westminster Shorter Catechism

Q. 35. What is sanctification?
A. Sanctification is the work of God’s free grace,^[97] whereby we are renewed in the whole man after the image of God,^[98] and are enabled more and more to die unto sin, and live unto righteousness.^[99]

Chapter 13: Of Sanctification

1: They, who are once effectually called, and regenerated, having a new heart, and a new spirit created in them, are further sanctified, really and personally, through the virtue of Christ’s death and resurrection,^[265] by His Word and Spirit dwelling in them:^[266] the dominion of the whole body of sin is destroyed,^[267] and the several lusts thereof are more and more weakened and mortified;^[268] and they more and more quickened and strengthened in all saving graces,^[269] to the practice of true holiness, without which no man shall see the Lord.^[270]

Q. 74. What is adoption?
A. Adoption is an act of the free grace of God,^[307] in and for his only Son Jesus Christ,^[308] whereby all those that are justified are received into the number of his children,^[309] have his name put upon them,^[310] the Spirit of his Son given to them,^[311] are under his fatherly care and dispensations,^[312] admitted to all the liberties and privileges of the sons of God, made heirs of all the promises, and fellow-heirs with Christ in glory.^[313]

Westminster Shorter Catechism

Q. 34. What is adoption?
A. Adoption is an act of God’s free grace,a whereby we are received into the number, and have a right to all the privileges, of the sons of God.^[96]

Chapter 12: Of Adoption

1: All those that are justified, God vouchsafes, in and for His only Son Jesus Christ, to make partakers of the grace of adoption,^[251] by which they are taken into the number, and enjoy the liberties and privileges of the children of God,^[252] have His name put upon them,^[253] receive the spirit of adoption,^[254] have access to the throne of grace with boldness,^[255] are enabled to cry, Abba, Father,^[256] are pitied,^[257] protected,^[258] provided for,^[259] and chastened by Him as by a Father:^[260] yet never cast off,^[261] but sealed to the day of redemption;^[262] and inherit the promises,^[263] as heirs of everlasting salvation.^[264]

Chapter 11: Of Justification

6: The justification of believers under the Old Testament was, in all these respects, one and the same with the justification of believers under the New Testament.^[250]

Chapter 11: Of Justification

5: God does continue to forgive the sins of those that are justified;^[247] and although they can never fall from the state of justification,^[248] yet they may, by their sins, fall under God’s fatherly displeasure, and not have the light of His countenance restored unto them, until they humble themselves, confess their sins, beg pardon, and renew their faith and repentance.^[249]

Chapter 11: Of Justification

4: God did, from all eternity, decree to justify all the elect,^[244] and Christ did, in the fullness of time, die for their sins, and rise again for their justification:^[245] nevertheless, they are not justified, until the Holy Spirit does, in due time, actually apply Christ unto them.^[246]

Q. 71. How is justification an act of God’s free grace?
A. Although Christ, by his obedience and death, did make a proper, real, and full satisfaction to God’s justice in the behalf of them that are justified;^[291] yet in as much as God accepteth the satisfaction from a surety, which he might have demanded of them, and did provide this surety, his own only Son,^[292] imputing his righteousness to them,^[293] and requiring nothing of them for their justification but faith,^[294] which also is his gift,^[295] their justification is to them of free grace.^[296]

Chapter 11: Of Justification

3: Christ, by His obedience and death, did fully discharge the debt of all those that are thus justified, and did make a proper, real and full satisfaction to His Father’s justice in their behalf.^[239] Yet, in as much as He was given by the Father for them;^[240] and His obedience and satisfaction accepted in their stead;^[241] and both, freely, not for any thing in them; their justification is only of free grace;^[242] that both the exact justice, and rich grace of God might be glorified in the justification of sinners.^[243]

Chapter 11: Of Justification

2: Faith, thus receiving and resting on Christ and His righteousness, is the alone instrument of justification:^[237] yet is it not alone in the person justified, but is ever accompanied with all other saving graces, and is no dead faith, but works by love.^[238]

Q. 70. What is justification?
A. Justification is an act of God’s free grace unto sinners,^[286] in which he pardoneth all their sins, accepteth and accounteth their persons righteous in his sight;^[287] not for any thing wrought in them, or done by them,^[288] but only for the perfect obedience and full satisfaction of Christ, by God imputed to them,^[289] and received by faith alone.^[290]

Westminster Shorter Catechism

Q. 33. What is justification?
A. Justification is an act of God’s free grace,^[91] wherein he pardoneth all our sins,^[92] and accepteth us as righteous in His sight,^[93] only for the righteousness of Christ imputed to us,^[94] and received by faith alone.^[95]