<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><?xml-stylesheet href="http://www.blogger.com/styles/atom.css" type="text/css"?><feed xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom' xmlns:openSearch='http://a9.com/-/spec/opensearchrss/1.0/' xmlns:blogger='http://schemas.google.com/blogger/2008' xmlns:georss='http://www.georss.org/georss' xmlns:gd="http://schemas.google.com/g/2005" xmlns:thr='http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0'><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7668740832734378851</id><updated>2024-09-01T01:21:53.194-07:00</updated><category term="Accuracy"/><category term="Completeness"/><category term="Consistency"/><category term="Data quality"/><category term="Georeferencing tool"/><category term="Geospatial data"/><title type='text'>Data Quality in Biodiversity Informatics</title><subtitle type='html'>Methodologies, techniques and tools about Data Quality in the context of Biodiversity Informatics.</subtitle><link rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#feed' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://dataqualityinbio.blogspot.com/feeds/posts/default'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7668740832734378851/posts/default?redirect=false'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://dataqualityinbio.blogspot.com/'/><link rel='hub' href='http://pubsubhubbub.appspot.com/'/><author><name>Allan Koch Veiga</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/18220569972225924155</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='24' height='32' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiDB9LgKrqUnhSRLe_yr6xIrRvpf5dDjsWoYO8JxF-dChSqwI_pKBK-TlUBEzMu0SIHvU6idHTQR50X3CW9dGGKk2fbT6Ah5xOq_pTSbpR9dirRHEhNIoDVt1GGZpOIct4/s220/DSC00124_2.JPG'/></author><generator version='7.00' uri='http://www.blogger.com'>Blogger</generator><openSearch:totalResults>1</openSearch:totalResults><openSearch:startIndex>1</openSearch:startIndex><openSearch:itemsPerPage>25</openSearch:itemsPerPage><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7668740832734378851.post-694290419898657681</id><published>2010-09-18T16:02:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2010-12-16T05:25:40.320-08:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Accuracy"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Completeness"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Consistency"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Data quality"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Georeferencing tool"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Geospatial data"/><title type='text'>A Georeferencing Tool to Improve Biodiversity Data Quality</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;Languages: English | Portuguese.&lt;br /&gt;
Authors:&amp;nbsp;Allan Koch Veiga, Antonio Mauro Saraiva, Etienne Américo Cartolano Júnior.&lt;br /&gt;
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Published in the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.tdwg.org/fileadmin/2010conference/documents/Provisional_Proceedings_of_TDWG_2010.pdf&quot;&gt;Proceeedings of TDWG 2010 Annual Conference&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgW6Azmcu8XGhzqsd-SZZjfSgEDFSTgCqSo0j327X9WSiuvaPGYjgoIJSJYKu_MpZ0v8HF6kdptZvnbtv36aMcnbwg6XhCv3O3x_9LNCbBru89CyVeQZvzDZa3IDqrohCExO6RDvhqKYSw/s1600/mapa2.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;279&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgW6Azmcu8XGhzqsd-SZZjfSgEDFSTgCqSo0j327X9WSiuvaPGYjgoIJSJYKu_MpZ0v8HF6kdptZvnbtv36aMcnbwg6XhCv3O3x_9LNCbBru89CyVeQZvzDZa3IDqrohCExO6RDvhqKYSw/s400/mapa2.jpg&quot; width=&quot;400&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;tr-caption&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;BDD Biodiversity Georeferencing Tool.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
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&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Data Quality&lt;/b&gt; plays an important role in the field of &lt;b&gt;Biodiversity Informatics&lt;/b&gt;. Low-quality data can negatively impact models and analyses used to support strategic decisions aimed at biodiversity conservation and sustainable use.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;In the context of biodiversity data quality, geospatial data are of great importance. They refer to the geospatial location of occurrences, which are characterized by&lt;b&gt; observations or specimen collections &lt;/b&gt;in the field and can be utilized, for example, to create distribution models and density maps.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;Due to the relevance of geospatial data in Biodiversity Informatics, the development of &lt;b&gt;policies, methods and tools&lt;/b&gt; to improve quality in the digitization of geospatial data is of utmost importance. Keeping this necessity in mind, the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.tdwg.org/proceedings/article/view/553&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Biodiversity Data Digitizer (BDD) tool [1]&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;b&gt; &lt;/b&gt;utilizes a georeferencing resource to aid in the digitization of geospatial data focusing on quality.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;This web-based resource, referred to as the &lt;b&gt;Biodiversity Georeferencing Tool (BGT)&lt;/b&gt;, allows the user, by means of an interactive three-dimensional map based on the Google Earth API [2] – Application Programming Interface – to obtain the name of the country, state and city as well as the latitude, longitude and altitude of a location by clicking on its position on the map. The BGT allows the improvement of geospatial data quality in at least three aspects: &lt;b&gt;completeness, accuracy and consistency&lt;/b&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a name=&#39;more&#39;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;The &lt;b&gt;completeness&lt;/b&gt; of data tends to grow due to the fact that the user does not necessarily need to have the exact geographical coordinates to fill out the latitude, longitude and altitude fields. In other words, the user can locate a known region on the map, such as a park or a mountain, and utilize a more specific reference, like a river or a road, to obtain approximate geographical coordinates.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;The &lt;b&gt;accuracy&lt;/b&gt; of data may also be enhanced in some cases. When the user does not possess the exact geographical coordinates of an occurrence – obtained with a Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver – one frequent solution is to utilize the geographical coordinates of the center of mass of the city where the occurrence was registered. In this case the user can obtain more accurate coordinates if he uses a reference in the field for the occurrence.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;Another aspect of Data Quality that can be enhanced with this tool is data &lt;b&gt;consistency&lt;/b&gt;. Since geospatial data is completed automatically, BGT ensures that the user cannot enter conflicting or erroneous data, such as “Country = Brezil, State = Rio de Janeiro, City = London, Latitude = 0, Longitude = 0”.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;BGT was developed using PHP and JavaScript programming languages, which facilitate its&lt;b&gt; integration with BDD&lt;/b&gt;. For map rendering and geospatial data obtainment, BGT uses the Google Earth API and the Google Maps API Web Services, therefore requiring the installation of the Google Earth plug-in on the user’s web browser.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;In summary, the &lt;b&gt;integration of BGT into BDD&lt;/b&gt; allows for &lt;b&gt;improvement in biodiversity data quality&lt;/b&gt; within the geospatial data domain. It &lt;b&gt;raises the confidence level in the results&lt;/b&gt; of analyses and models that will guide biodiversity conservation and sustainable use.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;References:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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[1] Cartolano, E. A. J., Saraiva A. M., Teles J. A.,Krobath D. B., Correa P. L. P. 2009. The Biodiversity Data Digitizer (BDD) tool. TDWG Annual Conference. Montpellier, France.&lt;br /&gt;
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[2] Google Earth API – Google Code. http://code.google.com/apis/earth/.&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;A inadequada qualidade de dados relacionados à biodiversidade pode impactar de modo negativo modelagens e análises utilizadas como subsídio para a tomada de decisões estratégicas para a conservação do meio ambiente. Assim sendo, a Qualidade de Dados – QD assume um papel importante no campo da Informática para Biodiversidade - IB.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;Nesse contexto, um domínio de dados de biodiversidade de grande importância, é o de&lt;b&gt; Dados Geoespaciais – DG&lt;/b&gt;. Essas informações referem-se às localizações geoespaciais de ocorrências, as quais são caracterizadas pelas &lt;b&gt;observações ou coletas de espécimes&lt;/b&gt; em campo. Esses dados podem ser utilizados, por exemplo, para criar modelos de distribuição e mapas de densidade.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;Desse modo, devido a relevância dos DG em IB, é de primordial importância o desenvolvimento de &lt;b&gt;políticas, métodos e ferramentas&lt;/b&gt; que permitam melhorar a QD durante a digitalização de DG. Tendo em vista esta necessidade, a ferramenta &lt;b&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.tdwg.org/proceedings/article/view/553&quot;&gt;Biodiversity Data Digitizer - BDD [1]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt;, utiliza um recurso de georeferenciamento para auxiliar a digitalização de DG visando a QD.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;Este recurso baseado na Web, denominado &lt;b&gt;Biodiversity Georeferencing Tool – BGT&lt;/b&gt;, permite ao usuário, por meio de um mapa interativo em três dimensões, baseado no Google Earth Application Programming Interface - API [2], obter o nome do país, do estado, da cidade, a latitude, a longitude e a altitude por meio de um clique sobre a localização desejada no mapa. Esse recurso permite melhorar a qualidade de dados geoespaciais de biodiversidade em pelo menos três aspectos: &lt;b&gt;completude, acuracidade e consistência&lt;/b&gt;. &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;A &lt;b&gt;completude&lt;/b&gt; de dados tende a aumentar, devido ao fato de que o usuário não precisa, necessariamente, ter a coordenada geográfica exata da ocorrência para preencher os campos de latitude, longitude e altitude. Ou seja, o usuário pode localizar alguma região conhecida no mapa, como um parque ou uma montanha, por exemplo, e utilizar uma referência mais específica, como um rio ou uma estrada, para obter uma coordenada geográfica aproximada.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;A &lt;b&gt;acuracidade&lt;/b&gt; dos dados também pode ser melhorada em alguns casos. Quando o usuário não possui a coordenada geográfica exata da ocorrência, obtida por meio de um Sistema de Posicionamento Global – GPS, uma solução é utilizar a coordenada geográfica do centro de massa da cidade aonde houve a ocorrência. Para esses casos, a solução proposta pelo BGT pode prover uma melhor acuracidade.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;Outro aspecto de QD que é melhorado com essa ferramenta é referente a &lt;b&gt;consistência&lt;/b&gt; de DG. Haja visto que os DG são preenchidos automaticamente, o BGT impossibilita que o usuário digite dados conflitantes ou incorretos, por exemplo, “País=Brezil, Estado=Rio de Janeiros, Cidade=London, Latitude=0, Longitude=0”. &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;Visando a integração com a ferramenta BDD, o BGT foi desenvolvido em PHP e Javascript. Para a renderização do mapa e a obtenção dos DG foram utilizados a Google Earth API e o Google Maps API Web Services, tornando-se, desse modo, necessário a instalação do plug-in do Google Earth no navegador para utilizar a ferramenta.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;Sendo assim, a &lt;b&gt;integração da BGT a ferramenta BDD&lt;/b&gt;, permite que haja uma &lt;b&gt;melhora na QD&lt;/b&gt; de biodiversidade, no domínio de DG. Com isso, há um &lt;b&gt;aumentando da confiabilidade de resultados&lt;/b&gt; de análises e de modelos utilizados para a tomada de decisões em prol do desenvolvimento sustentável.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Referências:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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[1] Cartolano, E. A. J., Saraiva A. M., Teles J. A.,Krobath D. B., Correa P. L. P. 2009. The Biodiversity Data Digitizer (BDD) tool. TDWG Annual Conference. Montpellier, France.&lt;br /&gt;
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[2] Google Earth API – Google Code. http://code.google.com/apis/earth/.</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://dataqualityinbio.blogspot.com/feeds/694290419898657681/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://dataqualityinbio.blogspot.com/2010/09/georeferencing-tool-to-improve.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7668740832734378851/posts/default/694290419898657681'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7668740832734378851/posts/default/694290419898657681'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://dataqualityinbio.blogspot.com/2010/09/georeferencing-tool-to-improve.html' title='A Georeferencing Tool to Improve Biodiversity Data Quality'/><author><name>Allan Koch Veiga</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/18220569972225924155</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='24' height='32' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiDB9LgKrqUnhSRLe_yr6xIrRvpf5dDjsWoYO8JxF-dChSqwI_pKBK-TlUBEzMu0SIHvU6idHTQR50X3CW9dGGKk2fbT6Ah5xOq_pTSbpR9dirRHEhNIoDVt1GGZpOIct4/s220/DSC00124_2.JPG'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgW6Azmcu8XGhzqsd-SZZjfSgEDFSTgCqSo0j327X9WSiuvaPGYjgoIJSJYKu_MpZ0v8HF6kdptZvnbtv36aMcnbwg6XhCv3O3x_9LNCbBru89CyVeQZvzDZa3IDqrohCExO6RDvhqKYSw/s72-c/mapa2.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry></feed>