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    <title>David Byrne's Journal</title>

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    <updated>2010-03-05T22:46:00Z</updated>


    <subtitle>DB's musings, reviews, polemics, tour logs, drawings, dreams, etc.</subtitle>



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        <title>03.05.10: Dream — The Art Trap</title>

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        <published>2010-03-05T17:46:00-05:00</published>

        <updated>2010-03-05T22:46:00Z</updated>

        <summary>C and I went to a VIP opening at the New Museum. Almost everyone was wearing black and almost everyone was as old or older than us. The art was, well, some good, some not so good, some familiar, and...</summary>

        <author>

            <name>David Byrne</name>

        </author>


        <category term="Dreams" />





    <content type="html" xml:lang="en-US" xml:base="http://journal.davidbyrne.com/">&lt;div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"&gt;&lt;p&gt;C and I went to a VIP opening at the &lt;a href="http://www.newmuseum.org" target="_blank"&gt;New Museum&lt;/a&gt;. Almost everyone was wearing black and almost everyone was as old or older than us. The art was, well, some good, some not so good, some familiar, and some new — and most of it seemed a little awe-inspiring. Almost nothing was on an intimate, personal scale — which I found somewhat overwhelming, maybe even intimidating.&lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&lt;p&gt;That night (or was it the night after?) I had a dream.&lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&lt;p&gt;I was in bed with C in a hotel room and the view out the window was of some large steel and glass buildings. Tucked among them was a kind of massive radio telescope dish sunken into the ground. (A bit like the &lt;a href="http://www.naic.edu" target="_blank"&gt;Arecibo&lt;/a&gt; one in Puerto Rico.)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="http://davidbyrne.typepad.com/.a/6a00d834555ca169e201310f6bb95f970c-pi" style="display: inline;"&gt;&lt;img alt="03_05_10_a_arecibo" border="0" class="asset asset-image at-xid-6a00d834555ca169e201310f6bb95f970c " src="http://davidbyrne.typepad.com/.a/6a00d834555ca169e201310f6bb95f970c-800wi" title="03_05_10_a_arecibo"&gt;&lt;/img&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&#xD;
&lt;p&gt;Only in this case I knew, as one does in dreams, that this wasn’t a harmless radio telescope but rather a death ray of some sort. We were in North Korea — maybe — or it was definitely some foreign country where such a thing as a death ray might be possible, though the slick buildings didn’t seem very North Korean… more like downtown Houston.&lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&lt;p&gt;Two hotel staff enter, pushing a large contraption that fills almost the entire room. They tell us that it is a “gift.” Its smooth white surface has lights and switches and things that look like back scratchers sticking out. It’s somehow lovely and entertaining. The most significant features are a series of holes in the device — significant because they’re just big enough for a person to fit in, though how you’d get in there is a puzzle as they’re midway up the side of the thing.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="http://davidbyrne.typepad.com/.a/6a00d834555ca169e201310f6bb9dd970c-pi" style="display: inline;"&gt;&lt;img alt="03_05_10_b_arttrap" border="0" class="asset asset-image at-xid-6a00d834555ca169e201310f6bb9dd970c " src="http://davidbyrne.typepad.com/.a/6a00d834555ca169e201310f6bb9dd970c-800wi" title="03_05_10_b_arttrap"&gt;&lt;/img&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&#xD;
&lt;p&gt;I know, however, that this is no ordinary gift — I announce that this is an “Art Trap” and that we should be very, very careful. Somehow I know that if one gets too involved with this thing, with its seductive lights and displays, one would magically find oneself in one of the holes, squeezed and stuck tight. The temptation to fiddle with it up close is great, as the thing is truly a bizarre wonder. We get close to it, examine it, and when the dream ends I’m not captured — though that could still happen easily, in the blink of an eye. I laugh at how obvious it all seems after attending the VIP opening.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="feedflare"&gt;
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    <entry>

        <title>02.14.10: Valentine’s Day</title>

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        <published>2010-02-14T11:43:00-05:00</published>

        <updated>2010-02-14T16:43:00Z</updated>

        <summary>TED talk — Creation in Reverse I did a TED talk in Long Beach. TED stands for technology, entertainment and design and it’s a conference that was started some decades ago by Silicon Valley types to essentially bring part of...</summary>

        <author>

            <name>David Byrne</name>

        </author>


        <category term="Music" />


        <category term="Nature" />


        <category term="Travel" />


        <category term="Web/Tech" />





    <content type="html" xml:lang="en-US" xml:base="http://journal.davidbyrne.com/">&lt;div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;TED talk — Creation in Reverse&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&lt;p&gt;I did a TED talk in Long Beach. TED stands for technology, entertainment and design and it’s a conference that was started some decades ago by Silicon Valley types to essentially bring part of the world to their doorstep.&lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&lt;p&gt;From the &lt;a href="http://www.ted.com/pages/view/id/16" target="_blank"&gt;TED website&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&lt;p&gt;“TED was born in 1984 out of the observation by Richard Saul Wurman of a powerful convergence between Technology, Entertainment and Design. The first TED included demos of the newly released Macintosh computer and Sony compact disc, while mathematician Benoit Mandelbrot demonstrated how to map coastlines with his newly discovered fractals and AI guru Marvin Minsky outlined his powerful new model of the mind.”&lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&lt;p&gt;(It was originally held in Monterey, a beautiful seaside escape just over the hills from Silicon Valley.) I suspect that the valley geeks and entrepreneurs didn’t usually get out much — they hardly ever even make it up to San Francisco! — so inviting innovators from around the world to come to them was a smart idea.&lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&lt;p&gt;Here is Mandelbrot doing a return engagement this year, in reverse color.&lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&#xD;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="http://davidbyrne.typepad.com/.a/6a00d834555ca169e201310f34e185970c-pi" style="display: inline;"&gt;&lt;img alt="02_14_10_a_mandelbrot" border="0" class="asset asset-image at-xid-6a00d834555ca169e201310f34e185970c " src="http://davidbyrne.typepad.com/.a/6a00d834555ca169e201310f34e185970c-800wi" title="02_14_10_a_mandelbrot"&gt;&lt;/img&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&#xD;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&#xD;
&lt;p&gt;It’s gone well beyond technology, entertainment and design by now, but still has a bit of a nerdy, techie vibe. I’d been watching their free video podcasts of various TED talks for years, and never really thought of attending until within the past year or two some other musicians who had been in the past all said, “You HAVE to go.”&lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&#xD;
&lt;p&gt;Luckily, I got invited to do one of their talks this year, which saved me from worrying about the costs (this time, at least). The lineup is mind-boggling. TED talks are famously restricted to 18 minutes (or less — some folks are only given 3 minutes!... and some only got 1 minute!!) and they are very strict about it. I watched one elderly scientist almost get the hook as he exceeded his time allotment.&lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&#xD;
&lt;p&gt;The time limit is a brilliant strategy — it forces us talkers to be concise, and the audience also knows that if they’re less than thrilled or stimulated, a new topic and speaker will be along in a few minutes. Being concise is one thing, but the time limit also conveniently means one has to stay “on message,” as the Cheney regime referred to it. In that time frame one can really just present one idea — and often it seems like just the inkling or introduction to a new idea was what was being presented.&lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&#xD;
&lt;p&gt;Months ago I went to meet the TED folks at their New York offices after I was invited to participate. I was being vetted. I’ve done a few talks in the last few years — on &lt;a href="http://www.davidbyrne.com/art/books/bicycle_diaries/events.php"&gt;bicycles and cities&lt;/a&gt; and Powerpoint — but they seemed to want something that pulled in my musical life. So, I mentioned to them that there was another talk, one about music in context, that I’d only done once — and I believed it could include musical examples and personal anecdotes. That seemed to satisfy them, though I said if they had doubts they could uninvite me, and that would be fine, no offense taken.&lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&#xD;
&lt;p&gt;I practiced by talking on my subject over the last couple of months — at &lt;a href="http://www.petescandystore.com/" target="_blank"&gt;Pete’s Candy Store&lt;/a&gt; in Williamsburg, &lt;a href="http://www.thebellhouseny.com/" target="_blank"&gt;Bell House&lt;/a&gt; in Park Slope, and at &lt;a href="http://www.boweryballroom.com/" target="_blank"&gt;Bowery Ballroom&lt;/a&gt; as part of the Stories in High Fidelity series. I never got it down to the requisite 18 minutes at those venues, but I did refine and re-order the thing quite a bit. I got some feedback and some beers.&lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&#xD;
&lt;p&gt;I was terrified going in front of the TED crowd — they never boo, but they’re a pretty heavy-duty lot. Walking in I glimpsed &lt;a href="http://ase.tufts.edu/cogstud/incbios/dennettd/dennettd.htm" target="_blank"&gt;Daniel Dennett&lt;/a&gt;, the author whose amazing talks I’ve seen on the podcasts. Later I caught sight of über geeks like Bill Gates (who talked about a new kind of nuclear reactor), Google founder Sergey Brin (who was interviewed about the China mess) and Temple Grandin (who wore old school Western wear all the time)… and while I was talking on the phone during a break Will Smith walked by, accosted by two nerds. Some of the major science speakers sported science fashion straight out of central casting, while others were beautifully surprising in the disconnect between their appearance and their deep skill sets. The attendees were predominantly male.&lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&#xD;
&lt;p&gt;The conference has evolved, as I mentioned — and with all the money that is now connected to and surrounding the tech world, many talks almost seemed like pitches for support in developing the speaker’s new medical miracle, for example. Your potential funders are probably sitting right in front of you. Thankfully, not too much overt hustling was in evidence, but there was lots of business card exchanging. Many talks seemed to be about new medical or other technologies that can be of use in the developing world. One can see that the &lt;a href="http://www.gatesfoundation.org/" target="_blank"&gt;Gates Foundation&lt;/a&gt; and many many others would naturally emerge from this milieu.&lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&#xD;
&lt;p&gt;It’s not all science. There are musical acts as well — they play a few songs interspersed between the talks on the wisdom of whores and mathematical models of alternate universes. &lt;a href="http://www.thomasdolby.com/" target="_blank"&gt;Thomas Dolby&lt;/a&gt; is the one-man house band, and this year he was joined by NY string quartet &lt;a href="http://www.ethelcentral.com/" target="_blank"&gt;Ethel&lt;/a&gt;. Other guest acts were &lt;a href="http://www.jakeshimabukuro.com/" target="_blank"&gt;Jake Shimabukuro&lt;/a&gt;, ukulele virtuoso; &lt;a href="http://www.andrewbird.net/" target="_blank"&gt;Andrew Bird&lt;/a&gt;; and &lt;a href="http://www.nataliemerchant.com/" target="_blank"&gt;Natalie Merchant&lt;/a&gt;, who appropriately integrated a slide show into her short set. I sat in with Thomas and Ethel for an edited version of “Nothing But Flowers,” a song well suited to the venue where Gore first did his &lt;a href="http://www.climatecrisis.net/an-inconvenient-truth.php" target="_blank"&gt;climate change talk&lt;/a&gt; (he was there too).&lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&#xD;
&lt;p&gt;Sarah Silverman’s shock comedy routine wasn’t exactly well received by all… but overall most attendees seemed to be enthralled by the majority of talks. Naturally there were a few high points and spontaneous standing ovations (I didn’t get one), and those tend to spread around the web very quickly. The &lt;a href="http://www.ted.com/talks/jamie_oliver.html" target="_blank"&gt;Jamie Oliver rant&lt;/a&gt; about American eating habits is online already. (There’s an amazing video clip included in it of West Virginia school kids who can’t identify common vegetables.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&#xD;
&lt;p&gt;There wasn’t much time for biking around — there wasn’t much time for anything beyond listening — but I did manage to rent one and ride down the beach bike path. Really lovely, though not a very viable means of commuting. Long Beach has oil wells in the harbor; larger offshore drilling rigs can be seen in the distance. The ones close to the beach were disguised to look like skinny condos or office buildings, as if that would somehow be less offensive than looking at an oil derrick.&lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&#xD;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="http://davidbyrne.typepad.com/.a/6a00d834555ca169e201310f34eac9970c-pi" style="display: inline;"&gt;&lt;img alt="02_14_10_b_derricks" border="0" class="asset asset-image at-xid-6a00d834555ca169e201310f34eac9970c " src="http://davidbyrne.typepad.com/.a/6a00d834555ca169e201310f34eac9970c-800wi" title="02_14_10_b_derricks"&gt;&lt;/img&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&#xD;
&#xD;
&#xD;
&lt;p&gt;Anyway, here’s a slightly expanded version of my talk, minus the musical excerpts.&lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&#xD;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;Creation in Reverse&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&#xD;
&lt;p&gt;What I'm going to talk about is an insight I've had about creation. That insight is that context largely determines what kind of music is written. Maybe the analogy applies to other forms of creation as well — painting, sculpture, programming or performance — or at least the shape of them.&lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&#xD;
&lt;p&gt;That doesn't sound like such a big insight, but it's actually backwards from what I perceive to be conventional wisdom — which is that creation emerges out of some interior emotion or from an upwelling of passion that inevitably and must find an outlet. This is the romantic notion of how creative work comes to be. Here are the lyrics to a new song by the group &lt;a href="http://www.onerepublic.net/" target="_blank"&gt;One Republic&lt;/a&gt;: “&lt;em&gt;I need another story/Something to get off my chest…When a situation rises/Just write it into an album.&lt;/em&gt;”&lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&#xD;
&lt;p&gt;It doesn’t even rhyme, but more than that I think it’s based on a mistaken assumption.&lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&#xD;
&lt;p&gt;I do think that despite the fact that this old notion of how creation comes into being is mistaken, passion is inevitably present in most work. Just because the form things take is self- or (in the case of my examples here) architecturally-restricted, and just because our response to a given context can be viewed as opportunistic, it doesn’t mean that creation is therefore cold and heartless. Those dark and emotional materials usually find a way in — and the tailoring process is largely unconscious. Emotional content is formed and shaped to fit the available context and circumstance instinctively. So, the order of the process is the reverse from what is often assumed: the consideration of the vessel comes first, and that which fills it comes afterwards. Most of the time we’re not even aware of this tailoring we do. Opportunity is often the mother of invention. The emotional story — “&lt;em&gt;something to get off my chest&lt;/em&gt;” — still gets told, but its form is guided by contextual restrictions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&#xD;
&lt;p&gt;Paintings are created that fit and look incredibly good on the white walls of galleries. They might not look quite as good in your living room, filled with furniture and AV gear. Music is written that sounds good either in a dance club or a symphony hall (but probably not both). The architecture, the space, the platform, the software, in a sense “makes” the art. After art or music succeeds in a space, more similar venues are built to accommodate more production of similar sounding or looking pieces, but that happens later, after the form has been established. I sense that this mostly internalized tailoring process applies to everything, but I'll use music as my example, as people will believe I know something about that area.&lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&#xD;
&lt;p&gt;Here is &lt;a href="http://cbgb.com/" target="_blank"&gt;the room&lt;/a&gt; where some of the music I wrote as a young man was first heard.&lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&#xD;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="http://davidbyrne.typepad.com/.a/6a00d834555ca169e201310f34ee49970c-pi" style="display: inline;"&gt;&lt;img alt="02_14_10_c_cbgbstage" border="0" class="asset asset-image at-xid-6a00d834555ca169e201310f34ee49970c " src="http://davidbyrne.typepad.com/.a/6a00d834555ca169e201310f34ee49970c-800wi" title="02_14_10_c_cbgbstage"&gt;&lt;/img&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;br&gt;[&lt;a href="http://www.joesnyc.streetnine.com/archives/cbgb_september_2006-february_02_2007_54.html" target="_blank"&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&#xD;
&lt;p&gt;The sound in there was remarkably good — the amount of crap everywhere, the furniture, the bar, the uneven walls and ceiling made for a great sound absorption. The sound system was decent as well — better than in many other clubs, which was great, for this music anyway. Because of the lack of reverberation one could be fairly certain that details of one’s music would be heard. The lyrics would probably be understood and the rhythms and bass would be punchy and clear. Given the size of the place, intimate gestures and expression would be appreciated as well, at least from the waist up — whatever went on below the waist was generally invisible, obscured by the audience.&lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&#xD;
&lt;p&gt;This club was initially meant to be a bluegrass and country venue, sort of like &lt;a href="http://www.tootsies.net" target="_blank"&gt;Tootsie’s Orchid Lounge&lt;/a&gt; in Nashville.&lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&#xD;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="http://davidbyrne.typepad.com/.a/6a00d834555ca169e201310f34f18c970c-pi" style="display: inline;"&gt;&lt;img alt="02_14_10_d_tootsiessinger" border="0" class="asset asset-image at-xid-6a00d834555ca169e201310f34f18c970c " src="http://davidbyrne.typepad.com/.a/6a00d834555ca169e201310f34f18c970c-800wi" title="02_14_10_d_tootsiessinger"&gt;&lt;/img&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;br&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&#xD;
&lt;p&gt;The audience behavior was pretty much the same too — the musical differences between the two venues are less important than one might think. Structurally, the music emanating from both places was pretty much identical.&lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&#xD;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="http://davidbyrne.typepad.com/.a/6a00d834555ca169e20120a8ce1057970b-pi" style="display: inline;"&gt;&lt;img alt="02_14_10_e_tootsiespatron" border="0" class="asset asset-image at-xid-6a00d834555ca169e20120a8ce1057970b " src="http://davidbyrne.typepad.com/.a/6a00d834555ca169e20120a8ce1057970b-800wi" title="02_14_10_e_tootsiespatron"&gt;&lt;/img&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;br&gt;[&lt;a href="http://honkytonkbook.com/tootsies.html" target="_blank"&gt;Photos source&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&#xD;
&lt;p&gt;As both of these places are bars, people drink, shout and fall down, so, the music performed also has to be loud enough to be heard above that — and so it is. (The volume in Tootsie’s is MUCH louder than it was in CBGB.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&#xD;
&lt;p&gt;In years that followed I’ve performed in nicer halls — &lt;a href="http://www.laphil.com" target="_blank"&gt;Disney Hall&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="http://www.carnegiehall.org" target="_blank"&gt;Carnegie Hall&lt;/a&gt; and others — but I noticed that some of the music I’d written didn’t sound as good in those rooms. I began to ask myself if some of my music was written, maybe unconsciously, with specific kinds of rooms in mind.&lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&#xD;
&lt;p&gt;There are many strains of music in the world, of course. One strain evolved in the context of being played and heard outdoors.&lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&#xD;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="http://davidbyrne.typepad.com/.a/6a00d834555ca169e201310f34f7de970c-pi" style="display: inline;"&gt;&lt;img alt="02_14_10_f_africandrums" border="0" class="asset asset-image at-xid-6a00d834555ca169e201310f34f7de970c " src="http://davidbyrne.typepad.com/.a/6a00d834555ca169e201310f34f7de970c-800wi" title="02_14_10_f_africandrums"&gt;&lt;/img&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;br&gt;[&lt;a href="http://www.ethnomusic.ucla.edu/pre/Vol11/Vol11html/V11Wilson.html" target="_blank"&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&#xD;
&lt;p&gt;In this outdoor context, percussive music typical of West Africa carries well, and the extremely intricate and layered rhythms don’t all get sonically mashed together as they would in a reverberant hall. This music tends to be steady state — dynamically it doesn’t vary much, but rather maintains a constant volume.&lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&#xD;
&lt;p&gt;Alan Lomax has argued that the structure of this music — essentially leaderless — emanates and mirrors egalitarian societies, but while that’s a whole other level of context one could argue that social context counts for as much as physical space and acoustics.&lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&#xD;
&lt;p&gt;Some folks might say that the instruments used here — derived from easily available local materials — determined the nature of the music, and that this was the best they could do musically given what they had available. I would argue the opposite — that the instruments were carefully fashioned, tailored and played to best suit the physical, acoustic and social situation. They work perfectly in their context, and that’s no accident. Just as non-realistic art isn’t necessarily more primitive, this music is incredibly complex on its own terms. It works brilliantly.&lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&#xD;
&lt;p&gt;It would turn into auditory mush in a place like this:&lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&#xD;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="http://davidbyrne.typepad.com/.a/6a00d834555ca169e20120a8ce13db970b-pi" style="display: inline;"&gt;&lt;img alt="02_14_10_g_cathedral" border="0" class="asset asset-image at-xid-6a00d834555ca169e20120a8ce13db970b " src="http://davidbyrne.typepad.com/.a/6a00d834555ca169e20120a8ce13db970b-800wi" title="02_14_10_g_cathedral"&gt;&lt;/img&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;br&gt;[&lt;a href="http://www.ribapix.com/" target="_blank"&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&#xD;
&lt;p&gt;Western music in the medieval era — Gregorian chants and such — was performed in these stone-walled Gothic cathedrals, and in monasteries and cloisters, which had somewhat similar acoustics. The reverberation time in those spaces is very long — more than four seconds in most cases — so a notes hang in the air and become part of the present. Shifting keys would inevitably invite dissonances and a sonic pileup, as the previously sung or played notes would overlap with the new ones. So, what evolved is what sounds best — it is modal in structure. This music often uses very long notes and slowly evolving melodies with no key changes whatsoever. It works beautifully in these spaces — in fact, the space even improves the music… it gives it an otherworldly ambience.&lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&#xD;
&lt;p&gt;It’s often assumed that this music was harmonically “simple” (having few key changes) because these composers hadn’t “progressed” to complex harmonies yet. I’d argue that in this context there would be no need or desire to include complex harmonies, as it would have sounded horrible. Creatively they did exactly the right thing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&#xD;
&lt;p&gt;Here’s the &lt;a href="http://www.thomaskirche.org/"&gt;church&lt;/a&gt; where Bach did a lot of his playing and writing in the early 1700s:&lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&#xD;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="http://davidbyrne.typepad.com/.a/6a00d834555ca169e201310f34fb74970c-pi" style="display: inline;"&gt;&lt;img alt="02_14_10_h_arnstadt" border="0" class="asset asset-image at-xid-6a00d834555ca169e201310f34fb74970c " src="http://davidbyrne.typepad.com/.a/6a00d834555ca169e201310f34fb74970c-800wi" title="02_14_10_h_arnstadt"&gt;&lt;/img&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;br&gt;[&lt;a href="http://members.virtualtourist.com/m/p/m/440ddf/" target="_blank"&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&#xD;
&lt;p&gt;As you can imagine, there was already an organ there and the sound would be less reverberant than in the Gothic cathedrals, but still echoey. The reverb was so much less that, famously, Bach and others could introduce key changes into their music.&lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&#xD;
&lt;p&gt;Later on, young Mozart wrote for rooms like &lt;em&gt;this&lt;/em&gt; in the late 1700s:&lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&#xD;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="http://davidbyrne.typepad.com/.a/6a00d834555ca169e201310f350802970c-pi" style="display: inline;"&gt;&lt;img alt="02_14_10_i_mirrors" border="0" class="asset asset-image at-xid-6a00d834555ca169e201310f350802970c " src="http://davidbyrne.typepad.com/.a/6a00d834555ca169e201310f350802970c-800wi" title="02_14_10_i_mirrors"&gt;&lt;/img&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;br&gt; [&lt;a href="http://www.schoenbrunn.at/en/things-to-know/tour-of-the-palace/mirror-room.html" target="_blank"&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&#xD;
&lt;p&gt;And sometimes for rooms like this:&lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&#xD;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="http://davidbyrne.typepad.com/.a/6a00d834555ca169e20120a8ce2330970b-pi" style="display: inline;"&gt;&lt;img alt="02_14_10_j_palace" border="0" class="asset asset-image at-xid-6a00d834555ca169e20120a8ce2330970b " src="http://davidbyrne.typepad.com/.a/6a00d834555ca169e20120a8ce2330970b-800wi" title="02_14_10_j_palace"&gt;&lt;/img&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;br&gt;[&lt;a href="http://www.schoenbrunn.at/en/things-to-know/tour-of-the-palace/great-gallery.html" target="_blank"&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&#xD;
&lt;p&gt;They’re slightly smaller than Bach’s church, and when filled with royalty, patrons and furniture they allowed Mozart's music to be heard in all its frilly detail. People danced to it too. Imagine people dancing to classical music today!&lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&#xD;
&lt;p&gt;My guess is that in order to be heard above a dancing mob who might also be gossiping, one might have had to increase the size of the orchestra, which is in fact what happened.&lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&#xD;
&lt;p&gt;Meanwhile, some folks were going to hear operas. Here’s &lt;a href="http://www.teatroallascala.org/" target="_blank"&gt;La Scala&lt;/a&gt; as it is now.&lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&#xD;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="http://davidbyrne.typepad.com/.a/6a00d834555ca169e201310f350fb3970c-pi" style="display: inline;"&gt;&lt;img alt="02_14_10_k_lascala" border="0" class="asset asset-image at-xid-6a00d834555ca169e201310f350fb3970c " src="http://davidbyrne.typepad.com/.a/6a00d834555ca169e201310f350fb3970c-800wi" title="02_14_10_k_lascala"&gt;&lt;/img&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt;[&lt;a href="http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:La_Scala_interior.jpg" target="_blank"&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&#xD;
&lt;p&gt;Built in 1776, the original orchestra section at that time was more a series of booths or stalls rather than the rows of seats that are typical of opera houses now. People would eat, drink, socialize and holler out to one another during the performances. They’d holler to the stage too, for encores of the popular arias. The vibe was more like CBGB than the typical opera house today.&lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&#xD;
&lt;p&gt;La Scala and other opera venues of the time were fairly compact — not much deeper than a small theater or large club — so the sound turns out to be pretty tight. I’ve performed in some of these old opera venues and if you don’t crank the volume too high, pop music survives surprisingly well.&lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&#xD;
&lt;p&gt;Here’s &lt;a href="http://www.bayreuther-festspiele.de/" target="_blank"&gt;Bayreuth&lt;/a&gt;, the opera house Wagner built for his own music in the 1880s.&lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&#xD;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="http://davidbyrne.typepad.com/.a/6a00d834555ca169e20120a8ce31f9970b-pi" style="display: inline;"&gt;&lt;img alt="02_14_10_l_bayreuth" border="0" class="asset asset-image at-xid-6a00d834555ca169e20120a8ce31f9970b " src="http://davidbyrne.typepad.com/.a/6a00d834555ca169e20120a8ce31f9970b-800wi" title="02_14_10_l_bayreuth"&gt;&lt;/img&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;br&gt;[&lt;a href="http://blog.spar-mit.com/2009/08/31/silvester-2009-mit-wagner-co/" target="_blank"&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&#xD;
&lt;p&gt;You can see it’s also not that huge. Not nearly as big as most opera halls today. What’s different about his hall isn’t the space itself, but the bandstand. The orchestra pit is larger and more accommodating of the more extensive orchestras that he required to conjure the requisite bombast. He had new and larger brass instruments created, and he also called for a larger bass section to create his big orchestral effects.&lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&#xD;
&lt;p&gt;I believe that later, as symphonic music tended to be performed in larger and larger halls — the kind built in recent centuries — the music, originally conceived for rooms, palaces and modest-sized opera houses, was now being asked to accommodate ever larger and more reverberant spaces, which tended to be less musically dead.&lt;/p&gt; &#xD;
&#xD;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;Quiet please&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&#xD;
&lt;p&gt;Around 1900, according to Alex Ross in a &lt;em&gt;New Yorker&lt;/em&gt; piece (&lt;a href="http://www.newyorker.com/arts/critics/musical/2008/09/08/080908crmu_music_ross" target="_blank"&gt;“Why So Serious?”&lt;/a&gt;), another development occurred which would affect the music that composers wrote. Classical audiences were no longer allowed to shout, eat and chat during the performances. One was expected to sit frozen, immobile, and listen with rapt attention. Ross hints that this was a way of keeping the hoi polloi out of the new symphony halls and opera houses. Music that sometimes used to be for all was now for an elite — something to be enjoyed without showing it or shouting about it. Audiences were intended to be “respectful,” which meant hiding their emotions until the very, very end.&lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&#xD;
&lt;p&gt;This policy obviously affected composition — it meant that since no one was talking, eating or dancing anymore the music could now have extreme dynamics, and very quiet passages, as the composers knew they’d be heard, and harmonically complex passages could be appreciated. Combined with the increased reverberation of the larger symphony halls, these factors transformed music. All 20th century classical music could only work in (and was written for) these socially and acoustically restrictive spaces.&lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&#xD;
&lt;p&gt;Although the quietest details and complexities could be heard, these larger halls meant that rhythmically things got less distinct and fuzzier. Late 19th and 20th century composers like Mahler therefore wrote music that took those emerging qualities into account. They emphasized texture, and sometimes audio shock and awe, as the back row was further away — and if you wanted to reach them, you needed to adapt. And adapt they did.&lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&#xD;
&lt;p&gt;Here’s one of those rooms — Carnegie Hall:&lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&#xD;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="http://davidbyrne.typepad.com/.a/6a00d834555ca169e20120a8ce3426970b-pi" style="display: inline;"&gt;&lt;img alt="02_14_10_m_carnegie" border="0" class="asset asset-image at-xid-6a00d834555ca169e20120a8ce3426970b " src="http://davidbyrne.typepad.com/.a/6a00d834555ca169e20120a8ce3426970b-800wi" title="02_14_10_m_carnegie"&gt;&lt;/img&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;br&gt;[&lt;a href="http://www.rider.edu/888_7244.htm" target="_blank"&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&#xD;
&lt;p&gt;Groove music — percussive music featuring drums, for example, like what I do — has a very hard time here. I’ve played Carnegie Hall a couple of times, and it can work, but it is far from ideal. I wouldn’t play that music there again.&lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&#xD;
&lt;p&gt;Even the jazz now occasionally played in these rooms becomes a kind of chamber music. No one dances or drinks — at least not in the hall. (Although I’ve gotten audiences up and dancing in many of these places.) Jazz clubs followed suit — no one dances at the &lt;a href="http://bluenote.net/" target="_blank"&gt;Blue Note&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href="http://www.villagevanguard.com/" target="_blank"&gt;Village Vanguard&lt;/a&gt;. Great music resulted, but folks often forgot that jazz was once music for dancing — that spiritual uplift and dancing were never mutually exclusive.&lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&#xD;
&#xD;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;Popular music&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&#xD;
&lt;p&gt;Looping back to the early part of the 20th century to pick up jazz, it was originally played in bars, riverboats, funerals and joints where lots of dancing and drinking were going on. There was little reverberation in those spaces so the groove could be strong, precise and clear.&lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&#xD;
&lt;p&gt;It’s been pointed out — by Scott Joplin and others — that the origin of jazz solos and improvisations was a way of stretching out whatever section of the tune the dancers were getting into. During a performance the dancers might really be getting off on one part, and if the “written” melody of that section ran out, the musicians would be required to extend it. So, in order to keep the dancers going, the players would jam on those chord changes over the groove rather than simply playing the same melody over and over again. The improvisations evolved out of necessity, and a new kind of music was born.&lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&#xD;
&lt;p&gt;If anyone’s been to a juke joint or seen the &lt;a href="http://rebirthbrassband.wetpaint.com/" target="_blank"&gt;Rebirth&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href="http://www.dirtydozenbrass.com/" target="_blank"&gt;Dirty Dozen&lt;/a&gt; brass bands at a place like The Glass House in New Orleans, then you’ve seen lots of dancing to jazz. Its roots are as spiritual dance music.&lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&#xD;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="http://davidbyrne.typepad.com/.a/6a00d834555ca169e201310f351cb7970c-pi" style="display: inline;"&gt;&lt;img alt="02_14_10_n_rebirth" border="0" class="asset asset-image at-xid-6a00d834555ca169e201310f351cb7970c " src="http://davidbyrne.typepad.com/.a/6a00d834555ca169e201310f351cb7970c-800wi" title="02_14_10_n_rebirth"&gt;&lt;/img&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;br&gt;[&lt;a href="http://media.photobucket.com/image/rebirth%20brass%20dancing/ssweet104/rebirthshow.jpg" target="_blank"&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&#xD;
&lt;p&gt;Not only the form but also the instrumentation of jazz was modified so that the music could be heard over the sound of the dancers and the bar. Banjos were louder than acoustic guitars, trumpets were louder than fiddles, and this tendency repeated until amplification and microphones came in (which I’ll get to later).&lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&#xD;
&lt;p&gt;Like West African music this is texturally steady state music. The volume doesn’t vary much, for to do so would risk getting lost amongst dancing and jabbering.&lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&#xD;
&lt;p&gt;Likewise, country music, blues, Latin music and rock and roll were all (originally) music to dance to, and they too had to both be loud enough to be heard above the chatter and also work for the dancers. They were all performed in similarly sized rooms as well — so rhythmically they were sustainable.&lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&#xD;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;Recorded music&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&#xD;
&lt;p&gt;Around the first third of the 20th century a new music venue emerged. People were now listening to music on the radio or on home stereos through one of these things.&lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&#xD;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="http://davidbyrne.typepad.com/.a/6a00d834555ca169e201310f351eb5970c-pi" style="display: inline;"&gt;&lt;img alt="02_14_10_o_stereo" border="0" class="asset asset-image at-xid-6a00d834555ca169e201310f351eb5970c " src="http://davidbyrne.typepad.com/.a/6a00d834555ca169e201310f351eb5970c-800wi" title="02_14_10_o_stereo"&gt;&lt;/img&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;br&gt;[&lt;a href="http://www.canuckaudiomart.com/uploads/58/user_14842_large_f02a66eb05534e08049ffef277756894.jpg" target="_blank"&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&#xD;
&lt;p&gt;People probably heard more music on them than they would ever hear face to face. This technology, this appliance, became the concert hall. In some ways music was now free of any live context — or more properly, the context became the living room and the jukebox, as well as the still ongoing ballrooms and concert halls.&lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&#xD;
&lt;p&gt;The microphones that brought music to radios also changed the way we sang as well as how we played instruments.&lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&#xD;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="http://davidbyrne.typepad.com/.a/6a00d834555ca169e201310f352069970c-pi" style="display: inline;"&gt;&lt;img alt="02_14_10_p_mic" border="0" class="asset asset-image at-xid-6a00d834555ca169e201310f352069970c " src="http://davidbyrne.typepad.com/.a/6a00d834555ca169e201310f352069970c-800wi" title="02_14_10_p_mic"&gt;&lt;/img&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;br&gt;[&lt;a href="http://www.bluegrasswales.org/55s.jpg"&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&#xD;
&lt;p&gt;One no longer had to have great lungs to be a singer. Frank Sinatra and Bing Crosby innovatively sang “to the microphone” — they adjusted their vocal dynamics in ways that would have been unheard of and unsuccessful earlier.&lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&#xD;
&lt;p&gt;Others went even further. Chet Baker sang in a whisper, as did João Gilberto, and millions followed. These guys were whispering in your ear, getting right inside your head. Needless to say, without microphones, this intimacy wouldn’t have been heard at all. And mostly it wouldn’t have been heard that well either, except in the privacy of a living room.&lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&#xD;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="http://davidbyrne.typepad.com/.a/6a00d834555ca169e201310f352237970c-pi" style="display: inline;"&gt;&lt;img alt="02_14_10_q_livingrm" border="0" class="asset asset-image at-xid-6a00d834555ca169e201310f352237970c " src="http://davidbyrne.typepad.com/.a/6a00d834555ca169e201310f352237970c-800wi" title="02_14_10_q_livingrm"&gt;&lt;/img&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;br&gt;[&lt;a href="http://farm3.static.flickr.com/2163/2411676448_18cbe757d7.jpg" target="_blank"&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&#xD;
&lt;p&gt;Recorded music emerged around this time too. Technology had turned the living room or any small bar with a jukebox into a concert hall. It seems to me that music composition and the whole situation for musicians had now come upon a forking path. The performing musician was now expected to write and create for two very different venues — for the live venue and for a recording — and the compositions were expected to be the same, as one medium was thought to promote the other.&#xD;
It seems unfair. The performing skills, not to mention the writing needs, the instrumentation, and the acoustic properties for each medium, are completely different.&lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&#xD;
&lt;p&gt;Recorded music allowed music venues to now come into existence that didn’t even have performers. Bars with jukeboxes became venues without any live musicians at all.&lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&#xD;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="http://davidbyrne.typepad.com/.a/6a00d834555ca169e201310f3523e0970c-pi" style="display: inline;"&gt;&lt;img alt="02_14_10_r_disco" border="0" class="asset asset-image at-xid-6a00d834555ca169e201310f3523e0970c " src="http://davidbyrne.typepad.com/.a/6a00d834555ca169e201310f3523e0970c-800wi" title="02_14_10_r_disco"&gt;&lt;/img&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;br&gt;[&lt;a href="http://www.civilizedspice.com/2008/08/29/friday-night-dance-party-ode-to-disco/" target="_blank"&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&#xD;
&lt;p&gt;For example, music written for contemporary discos, in my opinion, usually ONLY works in those social and physical spaces. Not only that, it works perfectly on their incredible sound systems. It feels stupid to listen to club music at its intended volume at home — though people do it. And, once again, it’s for dancing, as was early hip hop, which emerged out of dance clubs in the same way that jazz did — by extending sections of the music so the dancers could show off and improvise.&lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&#xD;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="http://davidbyrne.typepad.com/.a/6a00d834555ca169e20120a8ce4112970b-pi" style="display: inline;"&gt;&lt;img alt="02_14_10_s_bboy" border="0" class="asset asset-image at-xid-6a00d834555ca169e20120a8ce4112970b " src="http://davidbyrne.typepad.com/.a/6a00d834555ca169e20120a8ce4112970b-800wi" title="02_14_10_s_bboy"&gt;&lt;/img&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;br&gt;[&lt;a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2008/04/04/arts/dance/04freeze.html" target="_blank"&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&#xD;
&lt;p&gt;Live performance didn’t go away — the social attraction was too important. The most successful pop music acts ended up performing in the largest man-made indoor spaces available. Basketball arenas and hockey rinks have terrible acoustics — so only a narrow range of music really works at all. The music that arena rock groups composed was, like the sounds written for Bayreuth, Wagnerian… tending to medium tempos and fairly simple harmonic structures. Otherwise, despite advances in technology, it turns to mush.&lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&#xD;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="http://davidbyrne.typepad.com/.a/6a00d834555ca169e20120a8ce4257970b-pi" style="display: inline;"&gt;&lt;img alt="02_14_10_t_u2" border="0" class="asset asset-image at-xid-6a00d834555ca169e20120a8ce4257970b " src="http://davidbyrne.typepad.com/.a/6a00d834555ca169e20120a8ce4257970b-800wi" title="02_14_10_t_u2"&gt;&lt;/img&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;br&gt;[&lt;a href="http://www.sixthman.net/blog/2009/10/08/stand-up-and-stand-out/" target="_blank"&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&#xD;
&lt;p&gt;Here the masses gather in an architectural space that demands that the music not only sonically but socially perform a different function than what it does on record or in a club. Arena rock works pretty well in arenas, but if you’ve ever heard a band who’s spent decades playing in sports arenas do an “intimate” club date, you might hear that they’ve often evolved into an animal that doesn’t fit outside their contextual element. The outsized gestures and the music itself are a fish out of water.&lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&#xD;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;Contemporary music venues&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&#xD;
&lt;p&gt;What’s new? One of the newer musical venue is the car. I’d argue that contemporary hip-hop is written, musically at least, to be heard in cars with systems like this one.&lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&#xD;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="http://davidbyrne.typepad.com/.a/6a00d834555ca169e201310f357cf6970c-pi" style="display: inline;"&gt;&lt;img alt="02_14_10_u_trunk" border="0" class="asset asset-image at-xid-6a00d834555ca169e201310f357cf6970c " src="http://davidbyrne.typepad.com/.a/6a00d834555ca169e201310f357cf6970c-800wi" title="02_14_10_u_trunk"&gt;&lt;/img&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;br&gt;[&lt;a href="http://images02.olx.com.ph/ui/2/31/13/16942813_1.jpg" target="_blank"&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&#xD;
&lt;p&gt;Or maybe this one?&lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&#xD;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="http://davidbyrne.typepad.com/.a/6a00d834555ca169e201310f357e05970c-pi" style="display: inline;"&gt;&lt;img alt="02_14_10_v_car" border="0" class="asset asset-image at-xid-6a00d834555ca169e201310f357e05970c " src="http://davidbyrne.typepad.com/.a/6a00d834555ca169e201310f357e05970c-800wi" title="02_14_10_v_car"&gt;&lt;/img&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;br&gt; [&lt;a href="http://www.olafmooij.com/paginas/vrij_werk/autosblz/djmobiel/olaf.htm" target="_blank"&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&#xD;
&lt;p&gt;I’d say the audio space in a car with these speakers forces a very different kind of composition. Full spectrum. Bass heavy. The vocal is often allocated a space where not much else lives. Although this music may have emerged from dance-oriented early hip hop, it’s morphed into something else entirely — music that sounds best in cars.&lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&#xD;
&lt;p&gt;One other new music venue has arrived.&lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&#xD;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="http://davidbyrne.typepad.com/.a/6a00d834555ca169e201310f35807b970c-pi" style="display: inline;"&gt;&lt;img alt="02_14_10_w_crossmp3" border="0" class="asset asset-image at-xid-6a00d834555ca169e201310f35807b970c " src="http://davidbyrne.typepad.com/.a/6a00d834555ca169e201310f35807b970c-800wi" title="02_14_10_w_crossmp3"&gt;&lt;/img&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;br&gt;[&lt;a href="http://www.geekalerts.com/u/cross-mp3-player.jpg" target="_blank"&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&#xD;
&lt;p&gt;Presumably this MP3 player plays mainly Christian music.&lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&#xD;
&lt;p&gt;Beginning with the Walkman portable cassette player, private listening is musically and socially partly an extension of the “sitting very still in a concert hall” experience, combined with the pristine virtual space that studio recording allows. You can hear and appreciate extreme detail and subtlety when the earbuds are in your ears, which is similar to concerts that demand silence — but as opposed to most concert halls, the lack of reverb means that rhythmic material survives beautifully and completely intact.&lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&#xD;
&lt;p&gt;That said, extreme dynamic changes can be painful on a personal music player. If there’s a quiet passage then we turn the thing up, only to have our ears assaulted when the loud bit comes along. I never listen to traditional classical music on one of these, for example. As with dance music 100 years ago, it’s better to write steady state music for these.&lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&#xD;
&lt;p&gt;Interestingly, it seems we’ve come full circle in many ways. The musical techniques of the African Diaspora, the foundation of much of the world’s contemporary popular music, with its wealth of interlocking and layered beats, works acoustically incredibly well as &lt;em&gt;both&lt;/em&gt; a private listening experience and as a framework for much contemporary recorded music.&lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&#xD;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="http://davidbyrne.typepad.com/.a/6a00d834555ca169e201310f3589ce970c-pi" style="display: inline;"&gt;&lt;img alt="02_14_10_x_ipod" border="0" class="asset asset-image at-xid-6a00d834555ca169e201310f3589ce970c " src="http://davidbyrne.typepad.com/.a/6a00d834555ca169e201310f3589ce970c-800wi" title="02_14_10_x_ipod"&gt;&lt;/img&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;br&gt;[&lt;a href="http://www.vistawallpaperarchive.com/img-ipod-green-vista-wallpaper-139.htm" target="_blank"&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&#xD;
&lt;p&gt;African music that might have been originally created based on being played in the open — steady state music loud enough to be heard outdoors above dancing and singing — turns out to also work well in the most intimate of spaces, our inner ears.&lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&#xD;
&lt;p&gt;Yes, people do listen to Bach and Wagner on iPods, but not too many people are writing new music like that — except for film, where Wagnerian bombast works really well.&lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&#xD;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;Birds do it&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&#xD;
&lt;p&gt;This adaptive tendency isn’t just limited to musicians and composers. It extends into the natural world as well. &lt;a href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/nature/programmes/who/david_attenborough.shtml" target="_blank"&gt;David Attenborough&lt;/a&gt; and others have claimed that bird calls have evolved to fit the environment. In dense jungle foliage, constant, repetitive and brief signals within a narrow frequency work best. The repetition is like an error-correcting device — if you didn’t hear the song/signal clearly the first time, here it is again.&lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&#xD;
&lt;p&gt;Birds that live on the forest floor, however, have evolved lower-pitched calls — sounds that don’t bounce off or become distorted by the ground. Meanwhile, birds in the plains and grasslands have buzz-like calls that carry longer distances, like the Savannah sparrow:&lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&#xD;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="http://davidbyrne.typepad.com/.a/6a00d834555ca169e20120a8ceabc1970b-pi" style="display: inline;"&gt;&lt;img alt="02_14_10_y_sparrow" border="0" class="asset asset-image at-xid-6a00d834555ca169e20120a8ceabc1970b " src="http://davidbyrne.typepad.com/.a/6a00d834555ca169e20120a8ceabc1970b-800wi" title="02_14_10_y_sparrow"&gt;&lt;/img&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;br&gt;[&lt;a href="http://www.stanislausbirds.org/Photos/recent-photos.htm" target="_blank"&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&#xD;
&lt;p&gt;Water birds have calls that cut through the ambient sounds of water, and Eyal Shy of Wayne State University says that there are even variations within the same species. Scarlet tanagers vary the pitch of their songs in the east, where the woods are denser than in the west.&lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&#xD;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="http://davidbyrne.typepad.com/.a/6a00d834555ca169e201310f358fb0970c-pi" style="display: inline;"&gt;&lt;img alt="02_14_10_z_tanager" border="0" class="asset asset-image at-xid-6a00d834555ca169e201310f358fb0970c " src="http://davidbyrne.typepad.com/.a/6a00d834555ca169e201310f358fb0970c-800wi" title="02_14_10_z_tanager"&gt;&lt;/img&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;br&gt;[&lt;a href="http://www.birdsasart.com/Scarlet-Tananger-wet-male-Pelee-ONT-_H2D0003.jpg" target="_blank"&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&#xD;
&lt;p&gt;There’s more: birds of the same species in the same place adjust their singing as their habitat changes. Birds in San Francisco were found to have raised the pitch of their songs over 40 years, in order to be better heard above the increased traffic.&lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&#xD;
&lt;p&gt;So it’s not just composers who do this — who adapt to the context and to venues — it’s an interspecies phenomena.&lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&#xD;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;Conclusion&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&#xD;
&lt;p&gt;Music composition being shaped by the venue in which it will be heard is an easy example for me to use. I also have a feeling that this somewhat reverse view of creation happens a lot, maybe in many very different areas of creativity.&lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&#xD;
&lt;p&gt;What’s interesting to me is not that these practical adaptations happen — that seems predictable and even obvious — but what it means for our perception of the creative process.&lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&#xD;
&lt;p&gt;It seems that creativity is adaptive, like anything else. When a space becomes available, work emerges to fill it. The genius, the emergence of a truly remarkable and memorable work, happens when the thing is perfectly suited to its context and is also surprising. And when something works, it strikes us as not just being clever — a good adaptation — but as strongly and emotionally resonant. When the right thing is in the right place we are moved.&lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&#xD;
&lt;p&gt;What seems obvious by now is that emotion, passion and personal expression can be poured into whatever form or vessel becomes available. And that form and those structures are determined primarily by the available venues — be they a club or an arena in music, a blog entry, a forest, or a white gallery wall.&lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&#xD;
&lt;p&gt;Sometimes if I say things like this I get accused of being cold and calculating — the implication being that by adapting, work is somehow spineless, without integrity, inauthentic. The old idea that true creativity explodes into existence out of the heart and soul, and somehow emerges and insists on the form it wants to take, still lingers.&lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&#xD;
&lt;p&gt;This romantic attitude applies to politics too. Thomas Frank wrote on one possible reason why voters often vote against their own best interest:&lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&#xD;
&lt;p&gt;“&lt;em&gt;Authenticity has replaced economics as the driving force of modern politics. The authentic politicians are the ones who sound like they are speaking from the gut, not the cerebral cortex. Of course, they might be faking it, but it is no joke to say that in contemporary politics, if you can fake sincerity, you have got it made.&lt;/em&gt;” [&lt;a href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/8474611.stm" target="_blank"&gt;Link&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&#xD;
&lt;p&gt;That’s where the danger lies. We need to accept that our evolutionary connection to the birds is not just physical, as a member of a similar branch of the evolutionary tree, but our expressions are like birdsong as well. Whoever writes the songs for One Republic, it’s true we do “&lt;em&gt;get things off our chests&lt;/em&gt;,” but the way we do that, the art of it, is to put them into proscribed forms. That’s part of the creative process, and we do it instinctively — we internalize the process, like the birds do — and it continues to be a joy to sing, like the birds do.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="feedflare"&gt;
&lt;a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/DavidByrneJournal?a=Oj5MClIg0E8:Ekwhqf3A_aQ:yIl2AUoC8zA"&gt;&lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/DavidByrneJournal?d=yIl2AUoC8zA" border="0"&gt;&lt;/img&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/DavidByrneJournal?a=Oj5MClIg0E8:Ekwhqf3A_aQ:V_sGLiPBpWU"&gt;&lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/DavidByrneJournal?i=Oj5MClIg0E8:Ekwhqf3A_aQ:V_sGLiPBpWU" border="0"&gt;&lt;/img&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/DavidByrneJournal?a=Oj5MClIg0E8:Ekwhqf3A_aQ:qj6IDK7rITs"&gt;&lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/DavidByrneJournal?d=qj6IDK7rITs" border="0"&gt;&lt;/img&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;</content>






    </entry>


    <entry>

        <title>02.01.10: The Good News and The Bad News and the Good news</title>

        <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://journal.davidbyrne.com/2010/02/020110-the-good-news-and-the-bad-news-and-the-good-news.html" />

        <link rel="service.edit" type="application/x.atom+xml" href="http://www.typepad.com/t/atom/weblog/blog_id=244309/entry_id=6a00d834555ca169e20128774cb28a970c" title="02.01.10: The Good News and The Bad News and the Good news" />

        <id>tag:typepad.com,2003:post-6a00d834555ca169e20128774cb28a970c</id>

        <published>2010-02-01T16:00:00-05:00</published>

        <updated>2010-02-05T16:36:57Z</updated>

        <summary>Good news part one is that Sagmeister Inc. won a Grammy yesterday for their design of the Everything That Happens CD package. Enjoy your stay in LA, Stefan. This from an e-mail he sent: ....the night before at the nominee...</summary>

        <author>

            <name>David Byrne</name>

        </author>


        <category term="Art Projects" />


        <category term="Politics + Economics" />





    <content type="html" xml:lang="en-US" xml:base="http://journal.davidbyrne.com/">
&lt;div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"&gt;Good news part one is that &lt;a href="http://www.sagmeister.com/index.html" target="_blank"&gt;Sagmeister Inc.&lt;/a&gt; won a Grammy
yesterday for their design of the &lt;a href="http://www.everythingthathappens.com" target="_blank"&gt;Everything
That Happens&lt;/a&gt; CD package. Enjoy your stay in LA, Stefan. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;

&lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;This from an e-mail he sent:&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"&gt;&lt;em&gt;....the
night before at the nominee party, Tia Carrere asks&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt; me: &amp;quot;What
category are you nominated in?&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;quot;We
are up in the most significant and glorious category of them all:&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt; Packaging!&amp;quot;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;quot;Oh,
you are wrong dear, wrong. &amp;#39;Best album notes&amp;#39; do KICK YOUR ASS.&amp;quot;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;/blockquote&gt;









&lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;In other news today, the NYC &lt;a href="http://www.nyc.gov/html/artcom/html/about/about.shtml" target="_blank"&gt;Design
Commission&lt;/a&gt; met—that’s the committee that “&lt;span class="bodytext"&gt;reviews
permanent works of art, architecture and landscape architecture proposed on or
over City-owned property” and &lt;/span&gt;determines what sort of public art can
become permanent additions to New York’s landscape. Part of their agenda was
deciding issues involving my &lt;a href="http://www.davidbyrne.com/art/bike_racks/index.php" target="_blank"&gt;bike racks&lt;/a&gt;. I
didn’t go. The upshot is they decided that the ones that are already up could
stay, but that, for example, the one I designed and that was approved by the
&lt;a href="http://www.newmuseum.org/" target="_blank"&gt;New Museum&lt;/a&gt;, can’t go up. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;It’s a pretty tame design—basically a standard staple shape,
like regular bike racks, but slightly larger and with indentations in the
outline of their unique building:&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;a href="http://davidbyrne.typepad.com/.a/6a00d834555ca169e20128774c7929970c-pi" style="display: inline;"&gt;&lt;img alt="Newmuseum_bikerack" border="0" class="asset asset-image at-xid-6a00d834555ca169e20128774c7929970c " src="http://davidbyrne.typepad.com/.a/6a00d834555ca169e20128774c7929970c-800wi" title="Newmuseum_bikerack" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;The
other one I offered them—in the shape of a bottle of Thunderbird—was deemed to
be in bad taste by the museum (this one didn&amp;#39;t go to the Design Commission for approval, just the building-shaped one):&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;

&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="242" src="file://localhost/Users/Monotreme/Library/Caches/TemporaryItems/msoclip/0clip_image004.png" v:shapes="_x0000_i1026" width="152" /&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;a href="http://davidbyrne.typepad.com/.a/6a00d834555ca169e20128774c7f89970c-pi" style="display: inline;"&gt;&lt;img alt="Bowery_bikerack" border="0" class="asset asset-image at-xid-6a00d834555ca169e20128774c7f89970c " src="http://davidbyrne.typepad.com/.a/6a00d834555ca169e20128774c7f89970c-800wi" title="Bowery_bikerack" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;According to someone who was there it seemed like it was mostly
a political decision and not an artistic (or even practical) one, though who
knows? The DOT, who put up my bike racks, is by law allowed to erect things and
make changes here and there without the Design Commission’s approval, with the
provision that they are not permanent additions to the city landscape. Such as placing
a geodesic dome (on loan from a gallery) on city property on the occasion
of an exhibit celebrating Fuller’s design work, or bringing in a
muralist to paint over an ugly and temporary wall. (See &lt;a href="http://www.nyc.gov/urbanart" target="blank"&gt;DOT’s Urban Art Program&lt;/a&gt; for more examples.) These things
go away after a while, and my bike racks were no exception. They were legally
allowed to be up for 364 days, but if they stayed up one day longer—if they
crossed that line—their continued presence would have to be voted on by this
committee of experts on cultural matters. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;So, between my office, the New Museum and the DOT the
requisite applications were filled out and filed in the fall and then the wait
began—months later the day of reckoning arrived (that would be today) and the
cultural gatekeepers who would decide the matter were, it seems, mightily
pissed off. They were annoyed that the DOT had—in some of their eyes—encroached
onto their territory, and this effrontery would not stand. As a compromise they
would allow the existing—and can I say &lt;a href="http://www.davidbyrne.com/art/bike_racks/index.php#about"&gt;well-received&lt;/a&gt;?—bike
racks to stay, but as retribution for not going through said gatekeepers the DOT
(and the rest of us) would be punished by no more additional bike racks being
allowed. Well, not funny designed ones at least. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;It was suggested by the gatekeepers that more artists and
Parsons and SVA students etc. etc. who had ideas for city projects should come
to them—maybe via &lt;a href="http://www.creativetime.org/index.php"&gt;Creative Time&lt;/a&gt;
or other organizations (with whom I have collaborated more than once)…I wonder
how many emerging artists would have the patience for the form-filling,
waiting, and political stupidity that is involved in going via the gatekeepers—not
many, I would think.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;The DOT did in fact obey the rules, but in putting up
something a little artier than bollards or such they were perceived as making
cultural decisions and incursions—and that—in the view of the gatekeepers—was
intolerable, even if the work was practical and popular! So, no more bike racks
from me for NYC—unless a building or institution wants them on their own and
not on city property. Sorry folks, sometimes stupidity wins the day. (But at
least the ones that are up can stay.)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class="feedflare"&gt;
&lt;a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/DavidByrneJournal?a=VRY45FloSc4:hxdlgBIrZrM:yIl2AUoC8zA"&gt;&lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/DavidByrneJournal?d=yIl2AUoC8zA" border="0"&gt;&lt;/img&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/DavidByrneJournal?a=VRY45FloSc4:hxdlgBIrZrM:V_sGLiPBpWU"&gt;&lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/DavidByrneJournal?i=VRY45FloSc4:hxdlgBIrZrM:V_sGLiPBpWU" border="0"&gt;&lt;/img&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/DavidByrneJournal?a=VRY45FloSc4:hxdlgBIrZrM:qj6IDK7rITs"&gt;&lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/DavidByrneJournal?d=qj6IDK7rITs" border="0"&gt;&lt;/img&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;</content>






    </entry>


    <entry>

        <title>01.01.10: Mérida</title>

        <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://journal.davidbyrne.com/2010/01/010110-m%C3%A9rida.html" />

        <link rel="service.edit" type="application/x.atom+xml" href="http://www.typepad.com/t/atom/weblog/blog_id=244309/entry_id=6a00d834555ca169e20120a7f9577a970b" title="01.01.10: Mérida" />

        <id>tag:typepad.com,2003:post-6a00d834555ca169e20120a7f9577a970b</id>

        <published>2010-01-01T15:47:00-05:00</published>

        <updated>2010-01-01T20:47:00Z</updated>

        <summary>Went to a friend’s, Ford Wheeler’s, new house in Mérida (Yucatán) on the 27th through the New Year. Mérida is now a sizable town, but a bit of a backwater, and therefore its colonial center is more or less intact...</summary>

        <author>

            <name>David Byrne</name>

        </author>


        <category term="Anthropology/Sociology" />


        <category term="Nature" />


        <category term="Politics + Economics" />


        <category term="Travel" />





    <content type="html" xml:lang="en-US" xml:base="http://journal.davidbyrne.com/">&lt;div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"&gt;&lt;p&gt;Went to a friend’s, Ford Wheeler’s, new house in Mérida (Yucatán) on the 27th through the New Year. Mérida is now a sizable town, but a bit of a backwater, and therefore its colonial center is more or less intact and there are few tourists — they all head west towards Chichén Itzá, Tulum and Cancún instead. I’d been here a few years ago and there are two &lt;a href="http://journal.davidbyrne.com/2006/03/32206_uxmal_yuc.html" target="_blank"&gt;blog&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href="http://journal.davidbyrne.com/2006/03/32406_coba.html" target="_blank"&gt;entries&lt;/a&gt; on the ruins that are all around the area, the Maya and the collapse of their civilization. Now I wondered about the collapse of the massive European-based civilization that flourished here.&lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&lt;p&gt;Mérida used to be one of the wealthiest cities in the New World. “For a brief period, around the turn of the 20th century, Mérida was said to house more millionaires than any other city in the world” [&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A9rida,_Yucat%C3%A1n" target="_blank"&gt;Link&lt;/a&gt;]. Who’d a thunk it? The money came from henequen — an agave-type plant that, when processed, could be made into rope and other durable products. It is sometimes known as sisal, after the Caribbean port town nearby where it was shipped off in massive quantities. Green gold, it was called.&lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
 &#xD;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="http://davidbyrne.typepad.com/.a/6a00d834555ca169e2012876fc617b970c-pi" style="display: inline;"&gt;&lt;img alt="01_01_10_a_sisal" border="0" class="asset asset-image at-xid-6a00d834555ca169e2012876fc617b970c " src="http://davidbyrne.typepad.com/.a/6a00d834555ca169e2012876fc617b970c-800wi" title="01_01_10_a_sisal"&gt;&lt;/img&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;br&gt; [&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Henequen.jpg" target="_blank"&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&lt;p&gt;I used to have a kind of carpet made of “sisal.” When nylon and other man-made products were created that could replace henequen, the Yucatán monopoly collapsed and the millions evaporated. This was the second collapse of a civilization in that peninsula, the first being the collapse of the Maya civilization, which had already begun, but proceeded more rapidly after the arrival of the Spanish, who claimed the city from the Maya in 1542. Because it was a pre-existing city, it is considered the oldest continually occupied city in the New World. That doesn’t mean there is an abundance of buildings that are 500 years old — but there are a few. Though the great Maya temples are now ruins, and their peninsula-spanning network of roads and cities has all but vanished, the people are still present, and much of their culture survives.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The Spanish, like the English in North America, instigated a feudal system when they arrived that was based on race — with the Spanish at the top, people of Spanish descent (Creoles) next, mestizos (mixed race people) in the middle and the Maya as slaves at the bottom. The Spanish built massive haciendas — huge plantations that were like self-supporting towns unto themselves.&lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&lt;p&gt;Mexican insurgents fought for independence from Spain — a movement that started around 1800, ending with independence in 1821 — though it was hardly democracy. Agustín de Iturbide declared himself Emperor after victory. But Mexico was not the Yucatán. With independence from Spain, some here hoped that the brutal caste system would come to an end — but what happened was the Creoles simply took over from the Spanish as rulers and nothing much changed. Besides, the Yucatán wasn’t considered a part of Mexico proper — it was a separate country. Eventually, and not surprisingly, a war erupted — the Caste War.&lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&lt;p&gt;The Caste War was long coming — private interests had been usurping Maya lands for some time — and it was the execution of three Maya that triggered the uprising. It continued for decades and by 1848 the Europeans had been driven from the entire peninsula, except for the cities of Mérida and Campeche… and the port of Sisal. The Maya had almost won, but then something strange happened.&lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&lt;p&gt;Swarms of flying ants appeared, which we might interpret as some Biblical omen, but the Maya realized this meant it was the perfect time to begin planting their crops — so they abandoned the battlefield and walked away, not realizing that victory was close at hand.&lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&lt;p&gt;The Creole Yucatáns, still a separate nation, offered sovereignty — their country! — to anyone who would help them defeat the Maya. Mexico answered the call and the Maya were pushed back — well, halfway. The “European” Mexicans controlled the northwest (Mérida, etc.), while the Maya controlled the jungle and the southeastern portion of the peninsula. &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;strong&gt;The Talking Cross&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&lt;p&gt;In 1850, an apparition appeared to the Maya — a Talking Cross — that urged them to continue their struggle. This was in the area called Chan Santa Cruz, which Britain recognized at this time as an independent nation (it was close to British Honduras — present-day Belize — which was British-controlled, and they traded with one another). But as years went by the British began trading more with Mexico, and the balance of power eventually shifted; by 1893 they signed a treaty recognizing Mexican sovereignty over the Maya-controlled region — and stopped all trade between Honduras (still their colony) and Chan Santa Cruz. The “rebels” had been isolated.&#xD;
[&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caste_War_of_Yucat%C3%A1n" target="_blank"&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&lt;p&gt;Logan Hawkes attempted to find the Talking Cross. Here is an excerpt from his account:&lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;p&gt;Deep in the jungle…at the tiny straw-hut Maya community of Tixcacal Guardia, village elders fiercely guard what they swear is the authentic cross and will let no outsider near it. Kept within a '&lt;em&gt;city within the city&lt;/em&gt;', much like the Vatican, the talking, or speaking cross, is safely hidden away from all eyes except the Cruzob spiritual leaders - the head Shaman and a circle of Elders.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Down Highway 295 is the turnoff for Tixcacal Guardia, or Xcacal, religious and spiritual heart of the lower Maya world. It is home to the Maya who most fiercely defend their autonomy as keepers of the &lt;em&gt;Cruz Parlante&lt;/em&gt;, or ‘talking cross’. The church in which the cross now rests is actually open to the public, but only on feast days, and even then the artifact is not on display – not even to the Maya themselves. It stands on an altar covered with veils in a blocked-off section of the church called &lt;em&gt;La Gloria&lt;/em&gt;, and no one enters this inner sanctum. The cross is guarded day and night by armed Maya who hail from all across the region. [&lt;a href="http://mexicolesstraveled.com/talkingcross.htm" target="_blank"&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xD;
&#xD;
&#xD;
&lt;p&gt;During the time when Chan Santa Cruz was an independent nation, non-Maya were forbidden to enter the region — they would be instantly killed — but after so many years of conflict, financial isolation, and the arrival of the Wrigley’s company looking for chicle (the sap that forms the basis of chewing gum!), the war was declared over in 1915. By then the world of the henequen barons was already collapsing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&lt;p&gt;So, that’s the story of what was once one of the wealthiest parts of the New World — and not so long ago either! Kind of puts things in perspective. There are decaying haciendas all over the peninsula, like this one with a chimney built to vent off the processing of the henequen, and many of them have been renovated as luxury resorts with swimming pools added.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="http://davidbyrne.typepad.com/.a/6a00d834555ca169e20120a7f94756970b-pi" style="display: inline;"&gt;&lt;img alt="01_01_10_b_chimney" border="0" class="asset asset-image at-xid-6a00d834555ca169e20120a7f94756970b " src="http://davidbyrne.typepad.com/.a/6a00d834555ca169e20120a7f94756970b-800wi" title="01_01_10_b_chimney"&gt;&lt;/img&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="feedflare"&gt;
&lt;a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/DavidByrneJournal?a=SEmrEvhlXAo:CZ-YhAvoTs8:yIl2AUoC8zA"&gt;&lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/DavidByrneJournal?d=yIl2AUoC8zA" border="0"&gt;&lt;/img&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/DavidByrneJournal?a=SEmrEvhlXAo:CZ-YhAvoTs8:V_sGLiPBpWU"&gt;&lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/DavidByrneJournal?i=SEmrEvhlXAo:CZ-YhAvoTs8:V_sGLiPBpWU" border="0"&gt;&lt;/img&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/DavidByrneJournal?a=SEmrEvhlXAo:CZ-YhAvoTs8:qj6IDK7rITs"&gt;&lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/DavidByrneJournal?d=qj6IDK7rITs" border="0"&gt;&lt;/img&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;</content>






    </entry>


    <entry>

        <title>12.13.09: The Limits of Multiculturalism</title>

        <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://journal.davidbyrne.com/2009/12/121309-the-limits-of-multiculturalism.html" />

        <link rel="service.edit" type="application/x.atom+xml" href="http://www.typepad.com/t/atom/weblog/blog_id=244309/entry_id=6a00d834555ca169e20120a7767058970b" title="12.13.09: The Limits of Multiculturalism" />

        <id>tag:typepad.com,2003:post-6a00d834555ca169e20120a7767058970b</id>

        <published>2009-12-13T11:50:00-05:00</published>

        <updated>2009-12-13T16:50:00Z</updated>

        <summary>I was told that a powerful rabbi based in Williamsburg objected strongly to the bike lanes that run alongside their ghetto on Bedford Ave. We were informed that the sight of hipster girls, their heads uncovered and sometimes their lower...</summary>

        <author>

            <name>David Byrne</name>

        </author>


        <category term="Anthropology/Sociology" />


        <category term="Current Affairs" />


        <category term="Film" />


        <category term="Politics + Economics" />


        <category term="Religion" />





    <content type="html" xml:lang="en-US" xml:base="http://journal.davidbyrne.com/">&lt;div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"&gt;&lt;p&gt;I was told that a powerful rabbi based in Williamsburg objected strongly to the bike lanes that run alongside their ghetto on Bedford Ave. We were informed that the sight of hipster girls, their heads uncovered and sometimes their lower legs as well, is just too much to bear — though it’s winter now, and surely the gals are bundled up this time of year? Well, that was what, we were told, was the problem initially.&lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
 &#xD;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="http://davidbyrne.typepad.com/.a/6a00d834555ca169e2012876795f41970c-pi" style="display: inline;"&gt;&lt;img alt="12_13_09_a_hipsterhasid" border="0" class="asset asset-image at-xid-6a00d834555ca169e2012876795f41970c " src="http://davidbyrne.typepad.com/.a/6a00d834555ca169e2012876795f41970c-800wi" title="12_13_09_a_hipsterhasid"&gt;&lt;/img&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;br&gt; Photo from &lt;a href="http://www.streetsblog.org/2008/09/23/the-williamsburg-bike-lane-flap-beyond-hipster-vs-hasid/" target="_blank"&gt;Streetsblog&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&lt;p&gt;So, the powerful rabbi insisted to the DOT that the lanes had to go — and shortly thereafter they did.&lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&lt;p&gt;Sure enough, some (Jewish) hipsters repainted the lane by hand, and the rabbi’s wrath was aroused once again — his neighborhood watch (vigilante) group detained the hipsters until the cops came. After no subsequent action against the perps was taken by the city, he demanded that the kids be re-apprehended, which they were — they voluntarily turned themselves in.&lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&lt;p&gt;OK, on the face of it this is all pretty silly if you live in NY. Hasidic men are not supposed to see scantily clad women. (The man in the photo above has turned his head, but the gal is having a good long look.) In the past they’ve also complained about sexy billboards (ads for &lt;em&gt;Sex and the City&lt;/em&gt;) on the BQE and elsewhere. How do they manage when they travel to Manhattan to deal diamonds and cameras? Are they blindfolded until they enter &lt;a href="http://www.bhphotovideo.com/" target="_blank"&gt;B&amp;amp;H&lt;/a&gt;? In addition, that corridor alongside the Hasidic ghetto is just about the only way to cycle from Williamsburg to Dumbo, Vinegar Hill or Brooklyn Heights. The stream of sexy cyclists will therefore continue, though at greater risk to their own safety. Maybe there could be a service offering wigs and wraps for cyclists passing through the No Skin zone.&#xD;
&lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&#xD;
&lt;p&gt;Some on the blogosphere claim it’s actually not about immodest dress at all — that it’s a ruse, and the real idea is to keep the number of car lanes in the ghetto intact, and to reinstate parking spaces that were cannibalized for the bike lane. The need for plenty of parking is due to the fact that the Hasidim often don’t travel with the rest of us on subways and buses, but in their own vans and bus services — and local transport (food shopping, etc.) is mostly done by private car as well. School kids are dropped off in buses that park in what were, until recently, the bike lanes. This lifestyle requires plenty of parking — more than most other folks need. And I suspect that yes, at times some hipsters probably zoom a bit too carelessly and too close to the school kids. Well, bike lanes or no bike lanes, parking is scarce and getting scarcer in NY, so there may have to be some adjustments eventually. In Antwerp, the European center for Hasidic diamond dealing, the Hasidic kids ride bikes around town.&lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&lt;p&gt;Although I might be expected to champion anything bike related, I think my problem with this situation is more general — how much do we allow ethnic and religious groups to &lt;em&gt;not&lt;/em&gt; blend in and to not become part of the general social fabric, especially in a major metropolis? (We’re not talking about rural communes, where folks can wear what they like and be as freaky as they like on their own.) Multiculturalism, I gather, is the idea that we shouldn’t force outside cultures and immigrants to conform to the culture of the dominant ethnic group — we should respect the integrity of their beliefs and customs. More than just allowing halal or kosher butchers to move in, this idea implies that we might start to see things from the other’s point of view — and sometimes accommodate their wishes, even if they don’t conform to those of the majority. This idea has met its match since 9/11 — Europe, previously a bastion of Muslim enclaves and ghettos of various types and ethnicities, has in recent years pushed back against multiculturalism, and a more nuanced idea is taking hold — sometimes. Other times intolerance rears its ugly head.&lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&lt;p&gt;Likewise, cyclists, thus far a minority, might be seen in the same light — as a fringe culture that mainstream culture accommodates and tolerates as long as the cyclists don’t insist that the dominant culture bend to their specific wishes. This, in a nutshell, is the argument that some NY communities have made when Janette Sadik-Kahn throws a bike lane in their hood. The argument might be valid, though often the local businesses discover that, for example, bike parking by their shop fronts brings in more customers, and there’s less of a chance that a van or truck will block the view of their windows. And in many cases, the complainers were outvoted by the rest of their own community.&lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&lt;p&gt;Plus, in NYC, drivers and car owners might be in the minority — most of my friends who live here don’t own cars.&lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&lt;p&gt;In Holland, the most tolerant place on the planet, it is becoming accepted that tolerance has to go both ways. In other words, the Muslim immigrants are increasingly expected, even by fellow Muslims in Amsterdam, to become “Dutch” in some respects. Which means they must accept that there is a long tradition of tolerance in Holland, especially in Amsterdam, and if one is to move to Holland one should expect to accept this typically Dutch way of thinking. The Muslim community, for example, has to get used to the fact that there is a district with sex shops and scantily dressed women in the windows, same-sex couples might kiss in public, and coffee shops selling hash are a common sight. The implicit agreement is that living in Holland means you accept such things, as tasteless as you may find them. The Dutch, of course, allow the local Muslim population to maintain their own customs as well — as long as they fit in and don’t make lots of demands.&lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&lt;p&gt;This is a change from a provocative attitude that, a few years ago, resulted in the death of Theo van Gogh. He had made a &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Submission_%28film%29" target="_blank"&gt;film&lt;/a&gt;, one that deliberately goaded and incited the Dutch Muslim population, in collaboration with Ayaan Hirsi Ali, who received death threats and is now protected by the government — and is involved with the &lt;a href="http://www.aei.org/" target="_blank"&gt;American Enterprise Institute&lt;/a&gt;, a right wing US think tank. Their 10 minute film features a naked woman in a see-through chador, with Koranic verses justifying the submission of women written on her body. Like the Danish cartoons, this was viewed by Muslims as a deliberate provocation… and a crude one at that. One might view it as liberal fascism.&lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&#xD;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="http://davidbyrne.typepad.com/.a/6a00d834555ca169e20128767968e8970c-pi" style="display: inline;"&gt;&lt;img alt="12_13_09_b_koranicback" border="0" class="asset asset-image at-xid-6a00d834555ca169e20128767968e8970c " src="http://davidbyrne.typepad.com/.a/6a00d834555ca169e20128767968e8970c-800wi" title="12_13_09_b_koranicback"&gt;&lt;/img&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href="http://davidbyrne.typepad.com/.a/6a00d834555ca169e2012876796935970c-pi" style="display: inline;"&gt;&lt;img alt="12_13_09_c_vangoghbody" border="0" class="asset asset-image at-xid-6a00d834555ca169e2012876796935970c " src="http://davidbyrne.typepad.com/.a/6a00d834555ca169e2012876796935970c-800wi" title="12_13_09_c_vangoghbody"&gt;&lt;/img&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;br&gt; An &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Submission_screenshot.gif" target="_blank"&gt;image&lt;/a&gt; from the film — and &lt;a href="http://www.freerepublic.com/focus/f-news/1431832/posts" target="_blank"&gt;van Gogh&lt;/a&gt; dead on the street.&lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&lt;p&gt;Not that van Gogh deserved to die. The Dutch rallied and demonstrated after his death, and saw the killing as an attempt to stifle free speech — to imply that public expression and criticism has limits. Some free speech advocates insist that one be allowed to say and express anything, barring the encouragement of violence. Others saw the film as being offensively provocative — in a way, they viewed the incident as if the filmmakers were asking for it. Free speech advocates feel that it’s an absolute, and that people should be allowed to say anything, as it’s “only words.”&lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&lt;p&gt;Ian Buruma, a writer of Dutch background, has written about this incident and the issues that arise from it. He argues that freedom of speech should not be considered absolute — and that thinking in absolutes always leads to disaster. He says we limit our own freedom of speech all the time — around family and relatives over the holidays, I am reminded — and we do it to get along, to allow society to function, for our own happiness and the happiness of others. It’s not necessarily a lie to not blurt out the ugly truth whenever you think it. During the holidays we don’t tease Uncle Harry about his comb-over because we know it would just make the get together more tense than it already is — and who would gain from such insensitive honesty? Stifling free speech just a little, with some subtle self-censorship, makes life pleasanter for everyone.&lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&lt;p&gt;A few years ago, Mamie Manneh, a Staten Island woman, was arrested for importing 720 pounds of monkey meat, including limbs, skulls and torsos, from baboons and green monkeys in boxes labeled “African dresses and smoked fish” [&lt;a href="http://www.silive.com/news/index.ssf/2007/09/culture_clash_over_monkey_meat.html" target="_blank"&gt;Link&lt;/a&gt;]. She argued it was her Constitutional right to bring monkey meat into the United States. Her lawyers claimed she needed to eat monkey during certain religious ceremonies for her syncretic faith, which merges Christian and African traditions [&lt;a href="http://gothamist.com/2007/08/20/smuggling_monke.php" target="_blank"&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;].&lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&lt;p&gt;In my opinion, besides being disgusting, eating bush meat isn’t actually linked to deep traditions — it emerged as a food source fairly recently, out of hunger and dire necessity. And yes, it crossed the line among some people and was considered an element of ritual. I would argue that it’s not actually a healthy or acceptable food source in Africa, and if you immigrate to Staten Island that might be one of the things you compromise in the move.&lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&lt;p&gt;Then, on the other side, there’s the recent Swiss minaret ban. Unbelievable! — Zurich has decided to ban new construction of minarets. I foresee other countries banning steeples typical of Christian churches in retaliation. Tit for tat. The Swiss right wing reasoning, if you can call it reasoning, is that mosques are not Swiss, and when in Switzerland one must be Swiss. McDonald’s isn’t Swiss either, and neither are a lot of other easily recognizable branded forms of architecture and décor. Who knows, maybe they even have a panel of guys in funny alpine clothes who decide if contemporary buildings are “Swiss” or not. Presumably, all banks are Swiss — except the ones with Arabic decoration.&lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&lt;p&gt;Historically, erasing the culture of immigrants or ethnic groups within one’s borders has been attempted over and over. The Soviet Union tried to make all the groups within its massive borders Russian. Stalin shipped ethnic groups from one side of the continent to the other, to thwart any future ethnic unity and uprising. I’ve seen pockets of distinctly Asian-looking Kazakhs in the part of Russia that borders Finland!&lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&lt;p&gt;In Tajikistan they banned the Persian alphabet, erasing Tajiks’ literary history, and outlawed Islam. This intolerance often only partly succeeds — in many of those former republics, now no longer part of Russia, Islam and local pride have reasserted themselves with a vengeance. Ripping out people’s identities has frightening consequences. When Tajikistan became independent in 1991, the country soon became immersed in a bloody civil war.&lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&lt;p&gt;One wishes for some kind of common sense to prevail. What harm does a minaret do to the neighborhood? Well, I guess some have a sense of Swiss purity — and purity seeking of any kind always raises a red flag. Some small Italian towns have banned new kebab shops — again, claiming they are not Italian. Hello? Neither were tomatoes! To me, this is all just as silly as the rabbi in Brooklyn claiming that the hipster babes must be discouraged from passing through his neighborhood. Prohibition would probably be preferable — though he doesn’t want to build a wall just yet…&lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&lt;p&gt;When foreigners visit religious shrines, temples, mosques and churches in other lands, we — if we’re at all sensitive — abide by the local customs. And people from those lands can be expected to reciprocate when they are within our borders.&lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&lt;p&gt;From a &lt;em&gt;New York Times&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2009/12/20/magazine/20FOB-ethicist-t.html" target="_blank"&gt;advice column&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&lt;p&gt;“My husband was at Starbucks enjoying a coffee and reading the paper when about eight people sat down, opened their Bibles and held a group prayer. Then one of them began a loud sermon that my husband found offensive for its content as well as its sheer volume. I say the group was within its rights. My husband says they made inappropriate use of the location. What do you say?”&lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&lt;p&gt;(The advice columnist said the evangelicals were within their legal rights, but their lack of social empathy was disgusting.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&lt;p&gt;Like Rodney King said — Can we all just get along? Can we tolerate difference, without taking toleration to the extreme, where everyone is expected to accept insults and provocations? Tolerance shouldn’t mean we have to let anyone with a different lifestyle boss the rest of us around. It seems maybe there’s no absolute dividing line between what we tolerate and what we insist is unacceptable. The measure of how much we should tolerate is: does it help us get along? If it divides us further, then maybe it’s not a good idea. Granted we don’t want to have to compromise our own beliefs or ways of life — resentment will lie buried, festering, and will reassert itself in some form, later, maybe somewhere else seemingly completely unrelated. I don’t want to compromise my own activities, safety and way of life more than is reasonably necessary — but I can still accommodate somewhat. Where the line is might shift from time to time — it’s not fixed, or unchangeable forever. Adaptability and accommodation make us human. Absolutes are for machines and vengeful Gods. What we sometimes call common sense — not going by the book, whether that be the law or the Bible — might be how we survive. But being an ever-changing thing, it’s hard to define. It is learnt, I imagine, by living together, improvising, and innovating, not from a rulebook.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="feedflare"&gt;
&lt;a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/DavidByrneJournal?a=3KilDU_xFAE:G5NGpx6prJs:yIl2AUoC8zA"&gt;&lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/DavidByrneJournal?d=yIl2AUoC8zA" border="0"&gt;&lt;/img&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/DavidByrneJournal?a=3KilDU_xFAE:G5NGpx6prJs:V_sGLiPBpWU"&gt;&lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/DavidByrneJournal?i=3KilDU_xFAE:G5NGpx6prJs:V_sGLiPBpWU" border="0"&gt;&lt;/img&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/DavidByrneJournal?a=3KilDU_xFAE:G5NGpx6prJs:qj6IDK7rITs"&gt;&lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/DavidByrneJournal?d=qj6IDK7rITs" border="0"&gt;&lt;/img&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;</content>






    </entry>


    <entry>

        <title>12.12.09: Art Funding or Arts Funding</title>

        <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://journal.davidbyrne.com/2009/12/121209-art-funding-or-arts-funding.html" />

        <link rel="service.edit" type="application/x.atom+xml" href="http://www.typepad.com/t/atom/weblog/blog_id=244309/entry_id=6a00d834555ca169e20120a7559639970b" title="12.12.09: Art Funding or Arts Funding" />

        <id>tag:typepad.com,2003:post-6a00d834555ca169e20120a7559639970b</id>

        <published>2009-12-12T16:52:00-05:00</published>

        <updated>2009-12-12T21:52:00Z</updated>

        <summary>The LA Opry production of Wagner’s “Ring Cycle” is budgeted at $32 million. 32 million! Jeez, Broadway shows don’t cost that much; U2’s concert tour might, but then that’s a stadium show… and in those latter two instances the people...</summary>

        <author>

            <name>David Byrne</name>

        </author>


        <category term="Art Projects" />


        <category term="Books" />


        <category term="Current Affairs" />


        <category term="Music" />


        <category term="Politics + Economics" />





    <content type="html" xml:lang="en-US" xml:base="http://journal.davidbyrne.com/">&lt;div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"&gt;&lt;p&gt;The &lt;a href="http://laoperaring.com/" target="_blank"&gt;LA Opry production&lt;/a&gt; of Wagner’s “Ring Cycle” is budgeted at $32 million. 32 million! Jeez, Broadway shows don’t cost that much; U2’s concert tour might, but then that’s a stadium show… and in those latter two instances the people who wrote them are still living! (And presumably get paid, which is part of the cost.) Wagner has been dead for a long time last I heard, so one assumes it’s not the composer or the librettist whose agent is charging the moon. Granted, it is a 4-part epic so that budget might be divided in 4. A recent article reported that they are worried about being able to cover $20 million right now. I shouldn’t wonder they’re worried, especially in LA, not known for its arts funding.&#xD;
&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Here’s a production picture. Who knew that Wagner anticipated the light saber? &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="http://davidbyrne.typepad.com/.a/6a00d834555ca169e20120a7557377970b-pi" style="display: inline;"&gt;&lt;img alt="12_12_09_a_ringuno" border="0" class="asset asset-image at-xid-6a00d834555ca169e20120a7557377970b " src="http://davidbyrne.typepad.com/.a/6a00d834555ca169e20120a7557377970b-800wi" title="12_12_09_a_ringuno"&gt;&lt;/img&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;br&gt; [&lt;a href="http://laoperaring.com/photo/?level=album&amp;amp;id=4" target="_blank"&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Or that he was into profound silliness: &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="http://davidbyrne.typepad.com/.a/6a00d834555ca169e20120a75573e7970b-pi" style="display: inline;"&gt;&lt;img alt="12_12_09_b_ringdeux" border="0" class="asset asset-image at-xid-6a00d834555ca169e20120a75573e7970b " src="http://davidbyrne.typepad.com/.a/6a00d834555ca169e20120a75573e7970b-800wi" title="12_12_09_b_ringdeux"&gt;&lt;/img&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;br&gt;[&lt;a href="http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/news/arts/la-et-0223-rhein-pg,0,609650.photogallery" target="_blank"&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;A $14 million bailout for the opera is coming from the county, as the LA city government is called. The opry folks need that $20 million this week… so, reach into your pockets, opera fans. What makes this situation notable is not the amount of money — movies often cost a lot more than $32 million to produce — but the fact that the audience will be so small, and that the state is footing part of the bill.&lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
Simultaneously, a number of museums around the world have scuttled their plans for new buildings or expansions, some of them designed by starchitects. Part of these austerity measures are of course due to the economic downturn, but my guess is that most of these projects were underway well before the crash, and were going to result in a mess anyway — as these insitutions simply thought that, like &lt;a href="http://www.guggenheim-bilbao.es/?idioma=en" target="_blank"&gt;Bilbao&lt;/a&gt;, if they built a wildly impressive new museum in, for example, &lt;a href="http://www.mam.org/info/details/quadracci.php" target="_blank"&gt;Milwaukee&lt;/a&gt; (Calatrava did the new entranceway and the car garage — the car garage!) or in &lt;a href="http://www.imamuseum.org" target="_blank"&gt;Indianapolis&lt;/a&gt;, that folks from all over the world would come to visit. I was in Indianapolis recently, and would have gone to the art museum, but as we only had one afternoon, we went to the &lt;a href="http://www.indianapolismotorspeedway.com/content/General/Hall_of_Fame_Museum/32" target="_blank"&gt;Indy 500 museum&lt;/a&gt; instead. Never was there ever any mention of what amazing and innovative shows would go into these future spaces, which were regularly featured in magazine articles with lovely renderings attached — that didn’t seem to be a priority.&#xD;
&lt;p&gt;Granted, Bilbao did work, in the sense that it gave tourists a reason to visit a place that many US citizens had never heard of before. It was truly amazing to behold how one building could change a whole town. The &lt;a href="http://www.guggenheim.org/bilbao/exhibitions" target="_blank"&gt;show&lt;/a&gt; that’s up there now is a Frank Lloyd Wright survey (previously exhibited in NY’s Guggenheim), and a permanent collection hodgepodge — not exactly reasons to make a special trip. One can imagine how tempting it must have been for city councils and museum board members to hope that the Bilbao Effect could be replicated in their own town. LA’s &lt;a href="http://www.laphil.com" target="_blank"&gt;Disney Hall&lt;/a&gt; looks almost exactly like the Bilbao Guggenheim. Everybody wanted one.&lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&lt;p&gt;However this mess ends up, my thoughts are that maybe it’s time to rethink all this museum, opera and symphony funding — and I refer mainly to state funding. A bunch of LA museums just got a bailout from LA real estate king Eli Broad, and that’s great, but I suspect there will be county money involved there somewhere too. I think maybe it’s time to stop, or more reasonably, curtail somewhat, state investment in the past — in a bunch of dead guys (and they are mostly guys, and mostly dead, when we look at opera halls) — and invest in our future. Take that money, that $14 million from the city, for example, let some of those palaces, ring cycles and temples close — forgo some of those $32M operas — and fund music and art in our schools. Support ongoing creativity in the arts, and not the ongoing glorification and rehashing of the work of those dead guys. Not that works of the past aren’t inspirational, important and relevant to future creativity — plenty of dead people’s work is endlessly inspiring — but funding for arts in schools has been cut to zero in many places. Maybe the balance and perspective has to be redressed and restored just a little. Plus, there are plenty of CDs and DVDs of the dead guys out there already, should one be curious.&lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&lt;p&gt;Funding future creativity is a real investment — there’s a chance these kids will build, write, draw or play something that will fill theaters, clubs, stadiums, web pages, whatever. The dead guys won’t write more symphonies.&lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&lt;p&gt;The problem of course, as far as private funding goes, is that what billionaire wants to fund school education? Where’s the glamour in that? You don’t get your name etched in marble on the outside of a hall for that, or get invited to amazing galas, so what’s the point? That’s why I’m focusing on public and state funding — let the private funders bankroll the opry halls, if that’s where they want to hang out.&lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&lt;p&gt;I sense that in the long run there is a greater value for humanity in empowering folks to make and create than there is in teaching them the canon, the great works and the masterpieces. In my opinion, it’s more important that someone learn to make music, to draw, photograph, write or create in any form than it is for them to understand and appreciate Picasso, Warhol or Bill Shakespeare — to say nothing of opry. In the long term it doesn’t matter if students become writers, artists or musicians — though a few might. It's more important that they are able to understand the process of creation, experimentation and discovery — which can then be applied to anything they do, as those processes, deep down, are all similar. It’s an investment in fluorescence.&#xD;
&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;So how did things end up like this?&lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&lt;p&gt;Well, there is the aforementioned glory of getting your name on a museum or symphony hall rather than on an elementary school — David Geffen got his start managing popular folk rockers, and now his name is on art museums (and AIDS charities). But I think there are other factors.&lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&lt;p&gt;Thomas Hoving, the former king of the &lt;a href="http://www.metmuseum.org" target="_blank"&gt;Met Museum&lt;/a&gt; in NYC during the ’60s and ’70s, just passed away. He and his rival, J. Carter Brown, king of the &lt;a href="http://www.nga.gov/" target="_blank"&gt;National Gallery&lt;/a&gt; in DC, both felt that democratizing art meant getting everyone to like the stuff that they liked. It meant letting everyone know and feel that HERE, in the museum, was the good stuff, the important stuff, the stuff with aura and depth. Here is a promotion the Met did in the ’60s in &lt;em&gt;LIFE&lt;/em&gt; magazine:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="http://davidbyrne.typepad.com/.a/6a00d834555ca169e20120a75574ca970b-pi" style="display: inline;"&gt;&lt;img alt="12_12_09_c_vangogh" border="0" class="asset asset-image at-xid-6a00d834555ca169e20120a75574ca970b " src="http://davidbyrne.typepad.com/.a/6a00d834555ca169e20120a75574ca970b-800wi" title="12_12_09_c_vangogh"&gt;&lt;/img&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;br&gt;[&lt;a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=1lIEAAAAMBAJ&amp;amp;pg=PA3&amp;amp;lpg=PA3&amp;amp;dq=metropolitan+van+gogh+24+source:life+source:life&amp;amp;ots=XZSa11LM2D&amp;amp;sig=lRjHjLdU4Qq82qpDR5xV-GFfWBo&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;ei=mQwoS8zvFIjN8QbsvuSlDQ&amp;amp;sa=X&amp;amp;oi=book_result&amp;amp;ct=result&amp;amp;resnum=2&amp;amp;ved=0CBkQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&amp;amp;q=metropolitan%20van%20gogh%2024%20source%3Alife%20source%3Alife&amp;amp;f=false" target="_blank"&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
 &#xD;
&lt;p&gt;The idea was that even reduced to postcard size, reproductions of verified masterpieces still had enough power to enlighten the American heathen. It seems almost humorous — as if postcards of certified works of art had some mystical power to educate — or, more accurately, to indoctrinate.&lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&lt;p&gt;Music is the same. Here’s an ad in today’s &lt;em&gt;NY Times&lt;/em&gt; book review section:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="http://davidbyrne.typepad.com/.a/6a00d834555ca169e2012876586b5f970c-pi" style="display: inline;"&gt;&lt;img alt="12_12_09_d_greatmusic" border="0" class="asset asset-image at-xid-6a00d834555ca169e2012876586b5f970c " src="http://davidbyrne.typepad.com/.a/6a00d834555ca169e2012876586b5f970c-800wi" title="12_12_09_d_greatmusic"&gt;&lt;/img&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
 &#xD;
&lt;p&gt;This isn’t about learning to play for enjoyment, creation, expression or fun — it’s purely about valuing the classics more than anything you and your pathetic friends can make. It’s a little more expensive than the $1.25 the Met was asking back in the day, but then, times have changed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&lt;p&gt;Hoving and a couple of others, following this line of thinking, created the blockbuster museum show — which famously brought Tut to the masses, and made the Met and other like-minded museums into temples for all, instead of the dusty halls for academics they had become. Hard to remember, but the Met was once a fussy old place, and now it’s super popular — which is not in itself a bad thing. Although the idea was loudly espoused that art was for all, and all could benefit from exposure to it (something like a flu shot), this idea was not exactly democratic, not as I would define it — though it was certainly portrayed as democratizing art and culture. What the movement was actually doing was letting more people know that culture was, and is, HERE, and you slobs, you hoi polloi, are over HERE. We want you all to look at it, and listen to it, but don’t even think you could ever make it, or that your feeble efforts are anywhere close to these Himalayan peaks we have on display.&lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&lt;p&gt;I know it’s not exactly the same, but I would say: show someone three chords on the guitar, show them how to program or play beats, or play a keyboard (something I can’t really do), but don’t expect virtuosity right away. Everyone knows you can make a song with almost nothing, with really limited skills, so be satisfied and enjoy that, and don’t feel inadequate because you’re not Mozart. I myself wish I’d learned keyboard, but I did find that on guitar, I gravitated to where my interests (and abilities) took me. Over time I learned a lot more chords, began to be able to “hear” harmonies and tonal relationships, and, of course, I learned a lot more grooves over the years — how to feel and enjoy them. But at first I found I could express something, or at least have fun, with my really limited means. When I made something, even something crude, I could momentarily discredit the feeling that if I couldn’t match the classical model, then I was less of a musician.&lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&lt;p&gt;There are some classical musical works that I can groove with — but, for example, Bach, Mozart and Beethoven I never could get, and I don’t feel any the worse for it. There’s plenty left to love and enjoy. This whole rant, I guess, derives a little from the fact that I resent the implication, and sometime-feeling, that I’m less of a musician and even a person for not appreciating those works. It’s not true!&lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&lt;p&gt;Ditto with visual art and literature — some of the classics I love deeply, but like many people, there are many Great Works of Literature that lie unfinished on my shelves, and thank God for that, as I was probably doing something more interesting instead… maybe reading something more inspiring, or even trying to write something myself.&lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&lt;p&gt;It’s true that sometimes the newest thing on the block is 500 years old — and sometimes the way forward is through the past — but not exclusively! And we don’t have to stay there. It’s more important to encourage creativity than to imply that good work can only be made by professionals — your betters.&lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&lt;p&gt;Hoving, however, did ride a bike, so he can’t be all bad. In fact, his stint as Parks Commissioner before his Met years was incredibly fruitful — and he was offered the job with no prior experience (so much for letting experts tell us what to do!). He closed Central Park to cars on weekends and established over 100 pocket parks around the city, using vacant lots and weird, unused parcels of real estate.&lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
 &#xD;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="http://davidbyrne.typepad.com/.a/6a00d834555ca169e20120a75575b5970b-pi" style="display: inline;"&gt;&lt;img alt="12_12_09_e_hoving" border="0" class="asset asset-image at-xid-6a00d834555ca169e20120a75575b5970b " src="http://davidbyrne.typepad.com/.a/6a00d834555ca169e20120a75575b5970b-800wi" title="12_12_09_e_hoving"&gt;&lt;/img&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;br&gt;[&lt;a href="http://www.boston.com/ae/theater_arts/exhibitionist/2007/08/tom_hoving_on_a.html" target="_blank"&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="feedflare"&gt;
&lt;a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/DavidByrneJournal?a=2UUeg5KhR3I:SM0zSnYhNls:yIl2AUoC8zA"&gt;&lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/DavidByrneJournal?d=yIl2AUoC8zA" border="0"&gt;&lt;/img&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/DavidByrneJournal?a=2UUeg5KhR3I:SM0zSnYhNls:V_sGLiPBpWU"&gt;&lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/DavidByrneJournal?i=2UUeg5KhR3I:SM0zSnYhNls:V_sGLiPBpWU" border="0"&gt;&lt;/img&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/DavidByrneJournal?a=2UUeg5KhR3I:SM0zSnYhNls:qj6IDK7rITs"&gt;&lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/DavidByrneJournal?d=qj6IDK7rITs" border="0"&gt;&lt;/img&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;</content>






    </entry>


    <entry>

        <title>11.26.09: Thanksgiving</title>

        <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://journal.davidbyrne.com/2009/11/112609-thanksgiving.html" />

        <link rel="service.edit" type="application/x.atom+xml" href="http://www.typepad.com/t/atom/weblog/blog_id=244309/entry_id=6a00d834555ca169e201287639aed6970c" title="11.26.09: Thanksgiving" />

        <id>tag:typepad.com,2003:post-6a00d834555ca169e201287639aed6970c</id>

        <published>2009-11-26T12:30:00-05:00</published>

        <updated>2009-11-26T17:30:00Z</updated>

        <summary>On this day we sincerely give thanks for life, for being alive — an experience unlike any other. Well, we don’t know any other anyway, most of us. The floats and balloons go by a couple of blocks from my...</summary>

        <author>

            <name>David Byrne</name>

        </author>


        <category term="Current Affairs" />


        <category term="Holidays" />


        <category term="Politics + Economics" />





    <content type="html" xml:lang="en-US" xml:base="http://journal.davidbyrne.com/">&lt;div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"&gt;&lt;p&gt;On this day we sincerely give thanks for life, for being alive — an experience unlike any other. Well, we don’t know any other anyway, most of us. The floats and balloons go by a couple of blocks from my house, which sounds glamorous and exciting until you see the crowds and the frantic behavior by both parent and child out there.&lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;strong&gt;My Daddy Says&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&lt;p&gt;My mom and dad are visiting. Mom is watching &lt;em&gt;An American in Paris&lt;/em&gt; on TV (though she nods off regularly) and dad is devouring my &lt;em&gt;New York Review of Books&lt;/em&gt; issues that I save for him.&lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&lt;p&gt;I hollered out to dad, “Dubai is broke!” but dad (surprisingly) didn’t know about the existence of the tiny desert enclave that, with no real resources, has built up a massive amount of real estate and wealth. It's a self-invented mercantile hub — a nexus of shipping, trading and banking.&lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="http://davidbyrne.typepad.com/.a/6a00d834555ca169e20120a736d7f8970b-pi" style="display: inline;"&gt;&lt;img alt="11_26_09_a_dubailightning" border="0" class="asset asset-image at-xid-6a00d834555ca169e20120a736d7f8970b " src="http://davidbyrne.typepad.com/.a/6a00d834555ca169e20120a736d7f8970b-800wi" title="11_26_09_a_dubailightning"&gt;&lt;/img&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;br&gt; [&lt;a href="http://www.travelblog.org/Photos/3354975.html" target="_blank"&gt;Photo&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&lt;p&gt;Lightning strikes the &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burj_Dubai" target="_blank"&gt;world’s tallest building&lt;/a&gt; in Dubai… often…&lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&lt;p&gt;It's much like Hong Kong in a way. They went crazy with the tall buildings and the splashy lifestyle, but now the piper’s come a calling and they have built much of it on debt. Debt they can’t repay. Ooops. I recall articles a couple of years ago about Americans living the good life in Dubai, making tons of money quickly, boozing it up in luxury apartments, hanging mainly with other newly rich expats.&lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&lt;p&gt;I imagine other cities and territories that have no real assets will find themselves in a similar spot quite soon. Detroit is already just about gone — though urban farming is rumored to be a novel use for the vacant acreage; as is Phoenix, though they do have mineral wealth in the surrounding deserts, which is why it was seized from Mexico in the first place. The suburban town my parents live in, Columbia, MD, is in a comparable situation. It is a corporate development that was traded to a Chicago company, which has built lots of new condos and office buildings in recent years, as has been done all over NYC, imagining that the real estate bubble would go on expanding ad infinitum. Meanwhile, the town has no resources and they don’t actually make anything.&lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&lt;p&gt;It seems to me these systems are all based on faith — faith that is easy to sustain when the money is fast and flows easily, and when there is no end in sight. Faith then seems justified. Those who doubt get laughed at. It’s not a reality-based system — as the Bush administration used to say, “We make the reality.” It’s true, to an extent, that faith certainly does make reality — if enough people believe something to be true, then you can predict that things will occur as if it is… until someone or something pulls the bottom card out. The art market is, and always was, a faith-based system — and so far, many of the believers still feel secure.&lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&lt;p&gt;My dad pointed out that the country’s banking problems are only the tip of the economic iceberg, but we know so much about them because bankers whine louder than many others, and have connections — so folks hear their whining. But, my daddy says, the unemployed are a huge and growing financial drain, as are the massive number of prisoners in the US — not Gitmo folks, but regular jails are a massive soak… as are health care costs (the US insurance and pharma companies have managed to create the most expensive health care system in the world, though it is not always the best!)… and finally, duh, Afghanistan and Iraq are bleeding trillions out of the US economy and flushing them down the drain in the sense that only a miniscule percentage of those trillions, trillions!, actually creates anything — very, very little of it creates jobs, employment or infrastructure. It’s basically money down the toilet as far as the US economy goes — and now we really can’t afford to throw that kind of money away. Granted, those trillions are supposed to be guaranteeing us some kind of global safety and security — or so we were told — but pretty much the exact opposite has happened, as the brushfires spread to neighboring hills that were previously fairly safe.&lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&lt;p&gt;The wars (or, more correctly, invasions) in Afghanistan and Iraq are tied, intimately, to the global economy and also the daily lives of every American. A country that threw away trillions on invasions that have not accomplished their objectives (which often were not even clear in the first place) is in no position to deal with the costs of exploding unemployment, crumbling infrastructure, education and economic collapse. The public is beginning to sense this, and as their pockets become increasingly empty they, I sense, feel that maybe now that there has been sufficient “revenge” for 9/11, and maybe the venting has been accomplished — the dubious mission has been accomplished — it’s time to move on.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="feedflare"&gt;
&lt;a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/DavidByrneJournal?a=3jHfKZ8qzqU:yQza4aQTLRU:yIl2AUoC8zA"&gt;&lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/DavidByrneJournal?d=yIl2AUoC8zA" border="0"&gt;&lt;/img&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/DavidByrneJournal?a=3jHfKZ8qzqU:yQza4aQTLRU:V_sGLiPBpWU"&gt;&lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/DavidByrneJournal?i=3jHfKZ8qzqU:yQza4aQTLRU:V_sGLiPBpWU" border="0"&gt;&lt;/img&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/DavidByrneJournal?a=3jHfKZ8qzqU:yQza4aQTLRU:qj6IDK7rITs"&gt;&lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/DavidByrneJournal?d=qj6IDK7rITs" border="0"&gt;&lt;/img&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;</content>






    </entry>


    <entry>

        <title>11.14.09: And the Winner Is…</title>

        <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://journal.davidbyrne.com/2009/11/111409-and-the-winner-is.html" />

        <link rel="service.edit" type="application/x.atom+xml" href="http://www.typepad.com/t/atom/weblog/blog_id=244309/entry_id=6a00d834555ca169e20120a6b72dc3970b" title="11.14.09: And the Winner Is…" />

        <id>tag:typepad.com,2003:post-6a00d834555ca169e20120a6b72dc3970b</id>

        <published>2009-11-14T12:34:00-05:00</published>

        <updated>2009-11-14T17:34:00Z</updated>

        <summary>I was invited to be on the jury of the Estoril Film Festival, which, like many others, has a number of sections — tributes to directors (David Cronenberg, Victor Erice — Spirit of the Beehive) and actors (Juliette Binoche), a...</summary>

        <author>

            <name>David Byrne</name>

        </author>


        <category term="Film" />


        <category term="Travel" />





    <content type="html" xml:lang="en-US" xml:base="http://journal.davidbyrne.com/">&lt;div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"&gt;&lt;p&gt;I was invited to be on the jury of the &lt;a href="http://www.estoril-filmfestival.com/" target="_blank"&gt;Estoril Film Festival&lt;/a&gt;, which, like many others, has a number of sections — tributes to directors (David Cronenberg, Victor Erice — &lt;em&gt;Spirit of the Beehive&lt;/em&gt;) and actors (Juliette Binoche), a smattering of crowd pleasers (&lt;em&gt;Fantastic Mr. Fox&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;Antichrist&lt;/em&gt;) and an actual film competition. The force behind the festival, &lt;a href="http://www.estoril-filmfestival.com/en/about-festival/director" target="_blank"&gt;Paulo Branco&lt;/a&gt;, a Portugal-based art film producer, had his folks select competition films from the pile that often gets overlooked at the other big name festivals, where films by big name directors are often in competition. So, we got some small to medium (&lt;em&gt;Moon&lt;/em&gt;) films that often deserved another look or more attention than they’d gotten, though a few had indeed won prizes previously. Unlike Cannes this festival is not a marketplace, but an award or series of awards might help a small film find distribution. As it gets slightly easier to make a film — with digital projection and computer editing — marketing and distribution are no easier or cheaper than before, though innovative strategies appear, as with the super cheap to make &lt;em&gt;Paranormal Activity&lt;/em&gt; in the US, which Paramount released city by city before it blew up.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;We’d usually see 2 movies a day, and after viewing the dozen selections, we 4 members of the jury haggled over a nice lunch.&#xD;
Here are the winners and some others we all liked a lot.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Best Film: &lt;em&gt;Dogtooth&lt;/em&gt;, a Greek film by Yorgos Lanthimos.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Wow — I loved this film, even if the video projected version wasn’t so great looking. It’s very formal and stylized, and it begins in a way that appears to be completely hilarious and absurdist (one juror said it just seemed random at that point) — but soon it turned dark and became very disturbing. I noticed online that some people absolutely hate it. There was one scene where I turned away.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="http://davidbyrne.typepad.com/.a/6a00d834555ca169e20120a6b6e429970b-pi" style="display: inline;"&gt;&lt;img alt="11_14_09_a_dogtooth" border="0" class="asset asset-image at-xid-6a00d834555ca169e20120a6b6e429970b " src="http://davidbyrne.typepad.com/.a/6a00d834555ca169e20120a6b6e429970b-800wi" title="11_14_09_a_dogtooth"&gt;&lt;/img&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;br&gt; [&lt;a href="http://www.ioncinema.com/news/id/4019/film_in_pictures_yorgos_lanthimos_dogtooth" target="_blank"&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="http://mftm.blogspot.com/2009/05/2009-dogtooth-trailer.html" target="_blank"&gt;Here’s a trailer&lt;/a&gt;. (Spoiler alert: some images in the trailer give away too much, in my opinion.)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;This from &lt;em&gt;Variety&lt;/em&gt;: “Three indefinitely grounded siblings are stuck in an alternative universe dictated by their parents' cruel whimsies -- think an eternal ‘Big Brother’ house as designed by Lars von Trier.”&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;We split the second prize, as we loved both films.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;The Girl&lt;/em&gt;, a Swedish film by Fredrik Edfeldt.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;This is a beautifully made and shot film about a young girl in a rural house who is left in the care of a young aunt while her parents go on a good works trip to Africa. Soon enough, the young aunt abandons the girl as well — and she has to fend for herself, which isn’t completely bad, as most of the adults seem like jerks. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="http://davidbyrne.typepad.com/.a/6a00d834555ca169e20120a6b6e4c0970b-pi" style="display: inline;"&gt;&lt;img alt="11_14_09_b_thegirl" border="0" class="asset asset-image at-xid-6a00d834555ca169e20120a6b6e4c0970b " src="http://davidbyrne.typepad.com/.a/6a00d834555ca169e20120a6b6e4c0970b-800wi" title="11_14_09_b_thegirl"&gt;&lt;/img&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;br&gt; [&lt;a href="http://www.rowthree.com/2009/10/07/viff-09-review-the-girl/" target="_blank"&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;And:&lt;em&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Eastern Plays&lt;/em&gt;, a Bulgarian film by Kamen Kalev about a young, artistic though aimless man who drinks a bit too much beer (the actor was also a junkie in real life). He rescues a Turkish family (and their beautiful daughter) after they are attacked on the night streets of Sofia by some fascist skinheads — one of whom is our hero’s brother. Slow moving, but wonderful. Sadly the lead actor passed away before the last few scenes in Istanbul were to be shot. The film integrates news footage of soccer hooliganism, racist attacks and Eastern European street fighting with the characters and the story in a way that feels natural. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="http://davidbyrne.typepad.com/.a/6a00d834555ca169e2012875b8ac71970c-pi" style="display: inline;"&gt;&lt;img alt="11_14_09_c_eastern" border="0" class="asset asset-image at-xid-6a00d834555ca169e2012875b8ac71970c " src="http://davidbyrne.typepad.com/.a/6a00d834555ca169e2012875b8ac71970c-800wi" title="11_14_09_c_eastern"&gt;&lt;/img&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;br&gt; [&lt;a href="http://www.nisimazine.eu/Brotherhood.html" target="_blank"&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt; / &lt;a href="http://www.easternplays.com/en/gallery" target="_blank"&gt;source&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Other films we all liked were:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Le Roi de l'Evasion&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;This hilarious French film by Alain Guiraudie is about love among French farmers and tractor salesmen. These middle aged and older guys all appear to be normal hicks, but they love to frolic together in the woods and elsewhere. It’s a farce, I guess — I laughed a lot. The lead is an overweight tractor salesman named Armand who rescues a young girl from a group of teen bullies — she, though only 16, then falls obsessively for him, and he decides to try going straight, and the two end up on the lam, with the young girl chasing big Armand in his skimpy briefs though field and forest. I could just imagine the director pitching this concept in Hollywood!&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="http://davidbyrne.typepad.com/.a/6a00d834555ca169e2012875b8ad7c970c-pi" style="display: inline;"&gt;&lt;img alt="11_14_09_d_roi1" border="0" class="asset asset-image at-xid-6a00d834555ca169e2012875b8ad7c970c " src="http://davidbyrne.typepad.com/.a/6a00d834555ca169e2012875b8ad7c970c-800wi" title="11_14_09_d_roi1"&gt;&lt;/img&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="http://davidbyrne.typepad.com/.a/6a00d834555ca169e2012875b8ae40970c-pi" style="display: inline;"&gt;&lt;img alt="11_14_09_e_roi2" border="0" class="asset asset-image at-xid-6a00d834555ca169e2012875b8ae40970c " src="http://davidbyrne.typepad.com/.a/6a00d834555ca169e2012875b8ae40970c-800wi" title="11_14_09_e_roi2"&gt;&lt;/img&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;br&gt; [&lt;a href="http://www.toutlecine.com/film/photos/0037/00379118-le-roi-de-l-evasion.html" target="_blank"&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Les Beaux Gosses&lt;/em&gt; is a French film by Riad Sattouf about pimply teens and their attempts at scoring girls. Sounds like a typical &lt;em&gt;American Pie&lt;/em&gt; scenario, but these kids are (to me) funnier and more realistic in their awkwardness and geeky looks. Much, much better and funnier than any recent Hollywood teen movie. I think this one could be the most popular of the films we saw — the audience, like me, was laughing a lot. If close-ups of awkward tongue kissing and pimples turn you off then avoid this one.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="http://davidbyrne.typepad.com/.a/6a00d834555ca169e20120a6b6e7c8970b-pi" style="display: inline;"&gt;&lt;img alt="11_14_09_f_beaux" border="0" class="asset asset-image at-xid-6a00d834555ca169e20120a6b6e7c8970b " src="http://davidbyrne.typepad.com/.a/6a00d834555ca169e20120a6b6e7c8970b-800wi" title="11_14_09_f_beaux"&gt;&lt;/img&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;br&gt; [&lt;a href="http://www.lexpress.fr/culture/cinema/c-est-quoi-la-quinzaine-des-realisateurs_759967.html" target="_blank"&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Lastly:&#xD;
&lt;em&gt;Le Famille Wolberg&lt;/em&gt;, a Belgian film by Axelle Ropert about a Jewish family — the husband is a mayor, the wife had an affair, and we watch the model family fall to pieces in a very subtle way. The film touches on a lot of hot topics in Belgium, so it’s not just about one family’s problems.&#xD;
&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="feedflare"&gt;
&lt;a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/DavidByrneJournal?a=Ig-GSMraE3A:QGeD45uyAUM:yIl2AUoC8zA"&gt;&lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/DavidByrneJournal?d=yIl2AUoC8zA" border="0"&gt;&lt;/img&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/DavidByrneJournal?a=Ig-GSMraE3A:QGeD45uyAUM:V_sGLiPBpWU"&gt;&lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/DavidByrneJournal?i=Ig-GSMraE3A:QGeD45uyAUM:V_sGLiPBpWU" border="0"&gt;&lt;/img&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/DavidByrneJournal?a=Ig-GSMraE3A:QGeD45uyAUM:qj6IDK7rITs"&gt;&lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/DavidByrneJournal?d=qj6IDK7rITs" border="0"&gt;&lt;/img&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;</content>






    </entry>


    <entry>

        <title>11.10.09: Sintra — A Mystical Home in the Clouds</title>

        <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://journal.davidbyrne.com/2009/11/111009-sintra-a-mystical-home-in-the-clouds.html" />

        <link rel="service.edit" type="application/x.atom+xml" href="http://www.typepad.com/t/atom/weblog/blog_id=244309/entry_id=6a00d834555ca169e2012875b37183970c" title="11.10.09: Sintra — A Mystical Home in the Clouds" />

        <id>tag:typepad.com,2003:post-6a00d834555ca169e2012875b37183970c</id>

        <published>2009-11-10T13:47:00-05:00</published>

        <updated>2009-11-19T19:15:15Z</updated>

        <summary>Slightly inland from the seaside town of Cascais, nestled on a low mountain that seems to generate its own cloud cover, is the retreat of former royals and wealthy citizens called Sintra. The mountain and its cloud cover must have...</summary>

        <author>

            <name>David Byrne</name>

        </author>


        <category term="Religion" />


        <category term="Travel" />





    <content type="html" xml:lang="en-US" xml:base="http://journal.davidbyrne.com/">&lt;div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"&gt;&lt;p&gt;Slightly inland from the seaside town of Cascais, nestled on a low mountain that seems to generate its own cloud cover, is the retreat of former royals and wealthy citizens called Sintra. The mountain and its cloud cover must have made for a pleasant coolness in the hot Portuguese summers. C and I made a couple of day trips up there to visit some former palaces, residences and monasteries.&lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&#xD;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="http://davidbyrne.typepad.com/.a/6a00d834555ca169e20120a6b09f98970b-pi" style="display: inline;"&gt;&lt;img alt="11_10_09_a_sintra" border="0" class="asset asset-image at-xid-6a00d834555ca169e20120a6b09f98970b " src="http://davidbyrne.typepad.com/.a/6a00d834555ca169e20120a6b09f98970b-800wi" title="11_10_09_a_sintra"&gt;&lt;/img&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&#xD;
&lt;p&gt;One of these is called Quinta de Regaleira, the former home of a baroness that was later bought by Carvalho Monteiro, a super wealthy Brazilian, at the turn of the century. After buying the house he then bought up the rest of the hill where the baroness’ home was situated. After a false start at commissioning a design for a place for himself, he decided to hire an opera set decorator to design both the house and its chapel, but also to effectively turn the whole mountaintop into a colossal set, with fake ponds, underwater labyrinths and a series of underground tunnels that functioned as a metaphorical voyage of initiation and self-discovery — a voyage inspired by the Knights Templar, the Freemasons and alchemists as well. Disney take note — this guy was doing freaky cosmic theme parks before anyone else.&#xD;
&lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&#xD;
&lt;p&gt;So I asked myself, as readers of Dan Brown’s books no doubt have, who were these Knights of Templar?&lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&lt;p&gt;They came into existence after the crusades had gained a foothold in Jerusalem. The first crusade, or shall we call it invasion of the Middle East by western Europeans, was in 1099. Jerusalem was captured from the Arabs, and Europeans began to make pilgrimages to the Holy Land in significant numbers to see and feel the aura of the place where their faith originated. While Jerusalem was, for these pilgrims, a kind of protected Green Zone, the approach to it was not. The route from the port of Jaffa (alongside present-day Tel Aviv) inland to Jerusalem was dangerous, and scores of pilgrims were slaughtered by what we might now call insurgents, or freedom fighters…or defenders of their homeland? The hapless pilgrims needed to call Blackwater or some other ruthless mercenaries for hire to protect them. So, one hundred years later a French knight proposed the creation of an order that would attempt to protect these pilgrims — the Poor Knights of Christ and the Temple of Solomon, so called because they were given a headquarters by King Baldwin II: the Al Aqsa Mosque, which, significantly, had been built over the former Temple.&lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&lt;p&gt;What was this Temple of Solomon, I ignorantly asked myself? &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solomon%E2%80%99s_Temple" target="_blank"&gt;According to Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt; it was, in its first incarnation, “the first temple of the ancient religion of the biblical Israelites, originally constructed by King Solomon… It was designed to house the Ark of the Covenant” — so we’re in &lt;em&gt;Raiders of the Lost Ark &lt;/em&gt;territory now. Other powerful relics were rumored to be buried at this site, but all we know is that the Templars got hold of bits of what were referred to as pieces of the “True Cross.”&lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&lt;p&gt;The Temple of Solomon was destroyed and rebuilt a number of times…marking important events in Jewish history. Here is a (somewhat exaggerated?) visual depiction from a Freemasonry website — it brings to mind the Merchandise Mart building in Chicago. Freemasons sometimes claim that the architects and masons who built this massive thing were the original Freemasons — hence the association with the Knights.&lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&#xD;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="http://davidbyrne.typepad.com/.a/6a00d834555ca169e2012875b2fb54970c-pi" style="display: inline;"&gt;&lt;img alt="11_10_09_b_masontemple" border="0" class="asset asset-image at-xid-6a00d834555ca169e2012875b2fb54970c " src="http://davidbyrne.typepad.com/.a/6a00d834555ca169e2012875b2fb54970c-800wi" title="11_10_09_b_masontemple"&gt;&lt;/img&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&#xD;
&lt;p&gt;Eventually the Romans took it over, and built their own temple there — and at present there is once again a mosque on the site, which includes the oft-disputed Dome of the Rock.&lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&#xD;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="http://davidbyrne.typepad.com/.a/6a00d834555ca169e20120a6b0a72f970b-pi" style="display: inline;"&gt;&lt;img alt="11_10_09_c_dome" border="0" class="asset asset-image at-xid-6a00d834555ca169e20120a6b0a72f970b " src="http://davidbyrne.typepad.com/.a/6a00d834555ca169e20120a6b0a72f970b-800wi" title="11_10_09_c_dome"&gt;&lt;/img&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;br&gt;[&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Al_aqsa_moschee_2.jpg" target="_blank"&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&#xD;
&lt;p&gt;Beneath a section of the Dome of the Rock there is a cave known as the Well of Souls. All sorts of wild myths abound: &#xD;
“Islamic tradition holds that Muhammad ascended heavenwards from the stone above the cave, a related tradition has grown up that states that the Last Judgment will happen at the Sakhrah, and that the souls of the dead gather in the well of souls to wait for that event, and to pray… [and lastly,] according to pre-Islamic folklore, the well of souls was a place where the voices of the dead could be heard along with the sounds of the Rivers of Paradise.” [&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Well_of_souls" target="_blank"&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;]&#xD;
That’s a lot of mythical weight to bear!&lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&#xD;
&lt;p&gt;The Knights were quickly endorsed by the Catholic Church, and wore recognizable white mantles featuring a symmetrical red cross (this cross appears regularly at Monteiro’s theme park). They became an expert fighting unit — proto-Jedi Knights, spiritual warriors and protectors. About 100 years after their founding the Pope not only recognized them but gave them special privileges — one can imagine how noble their cause would have seemed to the European imagination. They were granted tax-free status, and were allowed passage anywhere they wanted to go — borders were no longer of any import to the Knights. Being a kind of military and financial institution (see below), this papal bull was immensely helpful.&lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&#xD;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="http://davidbyrne.typepad.com/.a/6a00d834555ca169e20120a6b0adee970b-pi" style="display: inline;"&gt;&lt;img alt="11_10_09_d_cross" border="0" class="asset asset-image at-xid-6a00d834555ca169e20120a6b0adee970b " src="http://davidbyrne.typepad.com/.a/6a00d834555ca169e20120a6b0adee970b-800wi" title="11_10_09_d_cross"&gt;&lt;/img&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;br&gt;[&lt;a href="http://pages.easternliving.net/kt" target="_blank"&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;br&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&lt;p&gt;Though as individuals they were legendarily poor and relied on donations to continue their work, their order quickly amassed massive assets and devised innovative financial techniques. For instance: a pilgrim or entourage might want to visit the Holy Land but not leave their valuables unattended back home. So, they would place them in the hands of the regional Templars in their hometown, and in turn they were issued a paper certificate, which they could redeem for money in Jerusalem. The first form of checking, and banking of a sort, was born. Already the plot thickens — you can imagine the kinds of assets the organization accumulated. The whole island of Cyprus belonged to the Templars at one point!&lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&#xD;
&lt;p&gt;Their power increased and they became an established institution (partly financial) in Europe and elsewhere in the following centuries. But not everyone was happy about this. King Philip of France ended up owing them a lot of money and he wondered how he could get out of his debts. He pressured Pope Clement V to go after the Templars. At first the Pope was timid in his attack on the Jedi — but King Philip must have had some leverage, because after a bit the Pope summoned the Templars to him and arrested and tortured them all, accusing them of heresy, homosexuality and weird initiations. Some signed confessions under torture (which they later recanted) and most of the powerful Templars were burned at the stake.&lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&#xD;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="http://davidbyrne.typepad.com/.a/6a00d834555ca169e20120a6b0b005970b-pi" style="display: inline;"&gt;&lt;img alt="11_10_09_e_execution" border="0" class="asset asset-image at-xid-6a00d834555ca169e20120a6b0b005970b " src="http://davidbyrne.typepad.com/.a/6a00d834555ca169e20120a6b0b005970b-800wi" title="11_10_09_e_execution"&gt;&lt;/img&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;br&gt;[&lt;a href="http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/spain/2495343/Knights-Templar-heirs-in-legal-battle-with-the-Pope.html" target="_blank"&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&lt;p&gt;One cried out to the King and Pope as the flames consumed him that he would see them later; both of them died within the year…but not before the church and king had usurped the accumulated lands and property of the order.&lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&#xD;
&lt;p&gt;By around 1300 the Templar Order was effectively gone, but as an inspiration they lived on. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;p&gt;Reader Luís Bonifácio adds: "The Order was disbanded in all countries of Europe with the exception of Portugal, where King Deniz, when notified by the Pope to disband the Templars, proposed to confiscate all their belongings, and to form a new Knight Order called the 'Order of Christ.' The Pope accepted, and all the knights, churches, monasteries and territories of the Knights Templar were transformed into the 'Order of Christ,' which was simply the Knights Templar by another name, commanded by a member of the Royal Family. Their symbol continued to be the red cross, with a different design, which you can still see in the sails of the NRP Sagres (sister ship of the USS Eagle). A century later, the Knights of this Order, led by the Grand-Master Prince Henry the Navigator, started the Portuguese Discoveries, an expansion towards Africa, America, India, China and Japan. The Order remained in the lead of the Expansion until Portugal's annexation by Spain in 1580. After 1580, the Order was disbanded, and today remains one of the most important honorific orders of medals in Portugal. In the XVI century, the role of the Order of Christ in Portuguese history was taken by the 'Company of Jesus' (the Jesuits), until the early XX century."&lt;br&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue Light;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&#xD;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xD;
&#xD;
&lt;p&gt;Both Knights Templar and Freemasonry were essentially secret societies — though very different from one another — which led to lots of speculation and rumor. They both also had a vaguely spiritual bent — an idea that initiates might be given special knowledge that was passed down, and strange rituals that both bound the members together and were metaphors for personal discovery. [&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knights_templar" target="_blank"&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&#xD;
&lt;p&gt;Various spinoffs of the Masons in the US in the earlier part of the last century made the initiation and other ceremonies into lovely little quasi-theatrical events. Here is a “set” and backdrop from one such ritual that was for sale via the &lt;a href="http://www.webbartgallery.com/" target="_blank"&gt;Webb Gallery&lt;/a&gt; in Texas: &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&#xD;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="http://davidbyrne.typepad.com/.a/6a00d834555ca169e2012875b3094c970c-pi" style="display: inline;"&gt;&lt;img alt="11_10_09_f_webb" border="0" class="asset asset-image at-xid-6a00d834555ca169e2012875b3094c970c " src="http://davidbyrne.typepad.com/.a/6a00d834555ca169e2012875b3094c970c-800wi" title="11_10_09_f_webb"&gt;&lt;/img&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;br&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&#xD;
&lt;p&gt;One could argue that here was a whole genre of theater that existed out of public view.&lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&#xD;
&lt;p&gt;So, back to Monteiro’s theme park mountain. The house is pretty great — with Arabic-themed rooms, and a hunting-themed room with mosaics of beasts to be killed and a huge tusked boar bust in marble looming out from the wall — but it is the gardens that folks come to see. Visitors head up the hill, along winding paths, past follies and fountains, through a forest of exotic plants imported from Brazil until one reaches a pile of moss covered stones. &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&#xD;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="http://davidbyrne.typepad.com/.a/6a00d834555ca169e2012875b30c36970c-pi" style="display: inline;"&gt;&lt;img alt="11_10_09_g_gardens" border="0" class="asset asset-image at-xid-6a00d834555ca169e2012875b30c36970c " src="http://davidbyrne.typepad.com/.a/6a00d834555ca169e2012875b30c36970c-800wi" title="11_10_09_g_gardens"&gt;&lt;/img&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&#xD;
&lt;p&gt;We were told that in the past a hidden staircase led to the top of the pile, but as that route led nowhere, one was sometimes led through a crevasse to a hidden stone door with no handle. And the door was way too heavy to move by hand. How to get inside? Our guide showed us a hole in a crack near the rock door, in which was concealed a lever that released a counterweight, allowing the door to swing open — like a fairytale or an episode out of &lt;em&gt;Arabian Nights&lt;/em&gt; come to life! Through the door was what is referred to as the initiates’ well…though it was never used as a well.&lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&#xD;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="http://davidbyrne.typepad.com/.a/6a00d834555ca169e2012875b30e2e970c-pi" style="display: inline;"&gt;&lt;img alt="11_10_09_h_well" border="0" class="asset asset-image at-xid-6a00d834555ca169e2012875b30e2e970c " src="http://davidbyrne.typepad.com/.a/6a00d834555ca169e2012875b30e2e970c-800wi" title="11_10_09_h_well"&gt;&lt;/img&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;br&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&#xD;
&lt;p&gt;In Monteiro’s conception this allowed one to metaphorically descend into the underworld — a realm of self-testing, self-discovery and rebirth. At the bottom of the stairs was the entrance to a couple of tunnels. Our guide escorted us into one of them, saying the other led to a dead end. We pulled out our little flashlights.&lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&#xD;
&lt;p&gt;Monteiro had a whole maze of tunnels constructed under his mountain — some led to grottoes, with no way out, and one led to another well that had no winding staircase to bring one up and out. To really leave the tunnel complex, and symbolically escape from the underworld (the subconscious?), one had to take a tunnel with no light at the end — to head into darkness. Eventually one emerged in the back of a little (man-made) grotto, and had to exit using stepping stones — stepping in a proscribed manner, right foot first. &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&#xD;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="http://davidbyrne.typepad.com/.a/6a00d834555ca169e2012875b30fa7970c-pi" style="display: inline;"&gt;&lt;img alt="11_10_09_i_grotto" border="0" class="asset asset-image at-xid-6a00d834555ca169e2012875b30fa7970c " src="http://davidbyrne.typepad.com/.a/6a00d834555ca169e2012875b30fa7970c-800wi" title="11_10_09_i_grotto"&gt;&lt;/img&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;br&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&#xD;
&lt;p&gt;Fun, eh! None of it is natural, but with the algae and mossy growth it all seems quite believable.&lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&#xD;
&lt;p&gt;There is a chapel with a Knights Templar cross on the floor and a Masonic eye in a triangle on the ceiling. A mosaic shows a saint on a seashore preaching to fishes — the fish are leaping out of the water with their mouths open in rapt attention. Inside the main house there is a library that must have been constructed as a kind of contemporary art installation. The walls were filled with books on all sides, and around the perimeter of the floor was a mirror that appeared to extend the bookshelves down below the floor we were standing on. The carpeted ground in the center of the room seemed to therefore “float” — it was a creepy, unnerving sensation. I believe the lowest shelf you can see is actually a reflection: &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&#xD;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="http://davidbyrne.typepad.com/.a/6a00d834555ca169e2012875b31128970c-pi" style="display: inline;"&gt;&lt;img alt="11_10_09_j_library" border="0" class="asset asset-image at-xid-6a00d834555ca169e2012875b31128970c " src="http://davidbyrne.typepad.com/.a/6a00d834555ca169e2012875b31128970c-800wi" title="11_10_09_j_library"&gt;&lt;/img&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&#xD;
&lt;p&gt;Nearby Quinta Regaleiro is the remains of a small monastery formerly belonging to the convent of the Capuchos order. Like the magic mountain, it too was somewhat peculiar. There was no sign of a large building that might harbor loads of monks — just a small, rough cobblestoned area with two crosses on top of vaguely triangular stones. C looked behind one of the crosses, and sure enough there were steps that led to a crevasse between two huge boulders. In the crevasse was a door.&lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&#xD;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="http://davidbyrne.typepad.com/.a/6a00d834555ca169e20120a6b0bc7a970b-pi" style="display: inline;"&gt;&lt;img alt="11_10_09_k_monastery" border="0" class="asset asset-image at-xid-6a00d834555ca169e20120a6b0bc7a970b " src="http://davidbyrne.typepad.com/.a/6a00d834555ca169e20120a6b0bc7a970b-800wi" title="11_10_09_k_monastery"&gt;&lt;/img&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&#xD;
&lt;p&gt;The monastery itself was not huge, and was tucked into the natural boulders and vegetation — we were told that these monks sought a kind of enlightenment in harmonizing with nature. Inside, the rooms were often lined with cork bark, as those trees were growing everywhere around. The bark walls, and bark covered doors and window blinds, made the tiny rooms appear even more primitive — as if some other kind of civilization lived here. The rooms for the individual monks, their cells, were so tiny and the doors leading to them so low and small, it seemed the monks were a species of Hobbit.&lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&#xD;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="http://davidbyrne.typepad.com/.a/6a00d834555ca169e20120a6b0bf11970b-pi" style="display: inline;"&gt;&lt;img alt="11_10_09_l_cell" border="0" class="asset asset-image at-xid-6a00d834555ca169e20120a6b0bf11970b " src="http://davidbyrne.typepad.com/.a/6a00d834555ca169e20120a6b0bf11970b-800wi" title="11_10_09_l_cell"&gt;&lt;/img&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;br&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="feedflare"&gt;
&lt;a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/DavidByrneJournal?a=Vy0dd8S1FQY:GIopdFUr_OI:yIl2AUoC8zA"&gt;&lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/DavidByrneJournal?d=yIl2AUoC8zA" border="0"&gt;&lt;/img&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/DavidByrneJournal?a=Vy0dd8S1FQY:GIopdFUr_OI:V_sGLiPBpWU"&gt;&lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/DavidByrneJournal?i=Vy0dd8S1FQY:GIopdFUr_OI:V_sGLiPBpWU" border="0"&gt;&lt;/img&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/DavidByrneJournal?a=Vy0dd8S1FQY:GIopdFUr_OI:qj6IDK7rITs"&gt;&lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/DavidByrneJournal?d=qj6IDK7rITs" border="0"&gt;&lt;/img&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;</content>






    </entry>


    <entry>

        <title>11.09.09: Estoril, Portugal — The Future, the Past, the Present and…</title>

        <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://journal.davidbyrne.com/2009/11/110909-estoril-portugal-the-future-the-past-the-present-and.html" />

        <link rel="service.edit" type="application/x.atom+xml" href="http://www.typepad.com/t/atom/weblog/blog_id=244309/entry_id=6a00d834555ca169e20120a6ac4f69970b" title="11.09.09: Estoril, Portugal — The Future, the Past, the Present and…" />

        <id>tag:typepad.com,2003:post-6a00d834555ca169e20120a6ac4f69970b</id>

        <published>2009-11-09T18:08:00-05:00</published>

        <updated>2009-11-09T23:08:00Z</updated>

        <summary>C &amp; I accepted the offer to be jurors along with a couple of others at a modest film festival in an off-season, seaside town 25 minutes outside of Lisbon. For me it’s a way of taking a forced vacation,...</summary>

        <author>

            <name>David Byrne</name>

        </author>


        <category term="Art Projects" />


        <category term="Books" />


        <category term="Film" />


        <category term="Music" />


        <category term="Politics + Economics" />


        <category term="Travel" />





    <content type="html" xml:lang="en-US" xml:base="http://journal.davidbyrne.com/">&lt;div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"&gt;&lt;p&gt;C &amp;amp; I accepted the offer to be jurors along with a couple of others at a modest film festival in an off-season, seaside town 25 minutes outside of Lisbon. For me it’s a way of taking a forced vacation, as I dove right back into various kinds of work and projects as soon as my year-long tour ended.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;We had dinner with some of the other festivalgoers, along with a classical pianist who was visiting. Some wondered what was to become of music as filesharing and illegal downloading becomes more prevalent. I offered that yes, it is a huge problem for record companies and for some types of musicians — but it seems that not coincidentally, the illegal downloaders are the same people who spend the most money on music and music-related “products” (concerts, etc.). More than anyone else, these “offenders” are passionate music fans and consumers. I suggested that maybe if buying music online had been encouraged sooner, and if the process didn’t have so many catches (like DRM-hampered files), things might not have gone badly so quickly for the record companies.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;I mentioned that this digital technology gives many types of artists more power over the means of production, and even distribution — which might not be such a bad thing. I then began to speculate about other media beyond music that are going digital — films, books, television — and that the “view on demand” technology that Netflix uses, or something similar to it, might allow indie filmmakers to take charge of their own distribution (not via Netflix, but through their own sites, giving them a larger income percentage). The communal theatrical film experience might be lost, but that seems to be the case for those small films anyway — so there isn’t much of a trade-off. There’s little downside in trying out a non-theatrical kind of distribution.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;I could sense the eyes glazing over as I talked excitedly about various possibilities and somewhat optimistic scenarios for the near future. The conversation then turned to European cultural history, and the patronage that supported Mozart and Bach. Our fellow juror, choreographer Rui Horta, mentioned that André Malraux had been innovative and influential in this regard in the last century. Malraux was, from 1959 to 1969, the Minister of Cultural Affairs in France under De Gaulle, during which time he developed &lt;em&gt;maisons de la culture&lt;/em&gt; in several small French towns. These were the first state-supported culture centers in France — basically performing arts centers with rehearsal rooms attached; the latter implying that new works would be created on-site. This aspect was the innovative and radical part, as it meant that creation would be decentralized — that more than a few officially sanctioned organizations and artists would be allowed, theoretically, into the fold of cultural production. Rui had been artist in residence at one of these centers in France, and had more recently initiated a similar center in the Portuguese countryside.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Malraux was also a novelist and anti-colonialist activist in Indochina and elsewhere. I’ve read his book &lt;em&gt;The Voices of Silence&lt;/em&gt; — an amazing art history book in which he proposes that art has replaced religion in the West. Here he is editing &lt;em&gt;Museum without Walls&lt;/em&gt;, in which he argued that art books are portable museums — again a move towards decentralization, putting creation in the hands of folks all over the country.&lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&#xD;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="http://davidbyrne.typepad.com/.a/6a00d834555ca169e20120a6ac3d62970b-pi" style="display: inline;"&gt;&lt;img alt="11_09_09_a_malraux" border="0" class="asset asset-image at-xid-6a00d834555ca169e20120a6ac3d62970b " src="http://davidbyrne.typepad.com/.a/6a00d834555ca169e20120a6ac3d62970b-800wi" title="11_09_09_a_malraux"&gt;&lt;/img&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;br&gt;[&lt;a href="http://www.artnet.com/Magazine/features/kuspit/kuspit4-14-4.asp" target="_blank"&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Days later, during a magazine interview with Inês de Medeiros, the senator for culture in Portugal, I put my foot in it. I suggested that it was more important that children, and everyone really, be imbued with a sense that they themselves might make things — that the things they might make have value — as opposed to learning mainly to appreciate the great masters, whether they be Bach, Picasso or the literary canon. I proposed that the value of art might be of more use to society in that regard, rather than focusing on supporting, well, museums and symphony halls. Naturally, to a senator who has made it her noble mission to argue for more support for the arts, this is slightly heretical and, as she said, “very American.” America’s lack of state support for the arts and skepticism of the value of fine art is legendary.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;I qualified my opinion by saying that I myself love a lot of “refined” contemporary art, and some highbrow or academic music as well — but I don’t assume that everyone should. Those who enjoy that stuff are not all wealthy, but they do constitute an elite, rarified world. By this definition, comic book fans and heavy metal fans are elite bunches as well. Every subculture is, in a way. I don’t presume that my tastes or those of my friends require lots of state support — although a little more in the US would be nice — and I would argue that supporting the arts and culture in schools at all levels is worth a lot more to our future quality of life. Encouraging students to write, to make stuff, to cook, design, to draw, play an instrument, record music, sing, edit films, etc. — all of that creates a sense of self-worth, curiosity and experimentation that has applications way beyond each of those disciplines. I would argue that this is where the greater percentage of state funding should go. Of course in the US, it’s the part that has been eliminated almost completely.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;A couple of days later at the hotel breakfast table, I overheard FF Coppola at the next table espousing the merging of live performance and film as where the future of film might lie. C and I thought that he must not be aware of many of the performance groups we know who already do this — the &lt;a href="http://www.thewoostergroup.org/" target="_blank"&gt;Wooster Group&lt;/a&gt; has been doing it for years, and &lt;a href="http://www.bigdancetheater.org/" target="_blank"&gt;Big Dance Theater&lt;/a&gt; just did a short run at &lt;a href="http://www.thekitchenart.org" target="_blank"&gt;The Kitchen&lt;/a&gt; in NY that was a seamless blend of live projected video and live performance. But yes, other than in isolated scenes it hasn’t caught fire in a big commercial way just yet, although arena rock concerts do it all the time.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;I noted to myself that we North Americans (and I’m not even native born) tend to get excited (with reservations) about future possibilities. We are curious about what is to come, good or bad, and how we might be part of it, and possibly find our niche or avoid the worst. Here in Europe, where admittedly things are often more “civilized,” the weight of the past consumes people’s thoughts. While a European sees oneself as part of a continuum — a long line of culture receding into the dim and distant past — North Americans can only feel in their guts that they are standing upon a thin veneer of history. They are both excited and stimulated by the idea of what can be imagined, what might come into existence that never existed previously — sometimes stimulated to the point of dangerous insanity. This is, I guess, a bit of a cliché, but here I was having examples thrown in my face. There might be a grain of truth to it at least.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In a recent &lt;a href="http://www.newyorker.com/arts/critics/atlarge/2009/11/09/091109crat_atlarge_lepore" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;em&gt;New Yorker&lt;/em&gt; article on murder&lt;/a&gt;, German sociologist Norbert Elias is mentioned as promoting the concept of the idea of a “civilizing process” that encompasses many of our behaviors…a process that requires increased self-control and restraint. The growing dominance of the state, especially in Western Europe, is seen in this view as part of this process, whereby the application of justice is entrusted by the people to the state. It involves the “replacement of a culture of honor [and honor killings] with a culture of dignity… Duels replaced feuds,” resulting in fewer casualties.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&#xD;
In much of the US, it might be argued, this process has a ways to go, as many North Americans are loathe to give power to the state, and prefer to exact revenge and justice on their own (and to take responsibility for their own medical costs and health — or lack of it). This is one possible explanation as to why the US has the highest homicide rate of any affluent democracy — we are the least “civilized.” Our wildness is often a well of creativity and gumption; it’s a font of opportunity and hope, a draw and seduction for immigrants, and maybe equally an explanation for the extremes and prevalence of stupidity that exist in the US as well. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In the end, I wondered to myself, if we assume, cliché though it might be, that Europe focuses on the past, and North America on the future, then does it follow that there is another continent that is more oriented to the present? Africa? The line of reasoning is ridiculous, but I’m curious where it leads. I wonder if each continent might have a temporal focus. And if so, does this mean that there are more kinds of time than past, present and future?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="feedflare"&gt;
&lt;a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/DavidByrneJournal?a=ZCJeuwX-vnk:Xo0l2RLKav8:yIl2AUoC8zA"&gt;&lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/DavidByrneJournal?d=yIl2AUoC8zA" border="0"&gt;&lt;/img&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/DavidByrneJournal?a=ZCJeuwX-vnk:Xo0l2RLKav8:V_sGLiPBpWU"&gt;&lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/DavidByrneJournal?i=ZCJeuwX-vnk:Xo0l2RLKav8:V_sGLiPBpWU" border="0"&gt;&lt;/img&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/DavidByrneJournal?a=ZCJeuwX-vnk:Xo0l2RLKav8:qj6IDK7rITs"&gt;&lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/DavidByrneJournal?d=qj6IDK7rITs" border="0"&gt;&lt;/img&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;</content>






    </entry>



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