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MUST Goals and Objectives 2010-2014

2010-08-12T04:50:00.000-07:00

The Mindanao University of Science and Technology has now begun growing and improving. Growing in terms of buildings and its other structures and improving in terms of giving quality education. All of these developments were possible because the administrators, faculty, staff, and other stakeholders have been united in achieving one goal. In the MUST web-page I have read their strategic plans for the five years (including this year) of developing the said young university. These are the 10 goals and objectives that they have set.

Goal 1: Pursue Excellence in Instruction.
Sub-Goal A. Aim for Program COD/COE Status.
1. COE in Mathematics
2. COD in Electrical Engineering
3. COD in Information Technology
4. COD in Mechanical Engineering
5. COD in Civil Engineering
Sub-Goal B. Offer New and Innovative Programs.
1. BS in Computer Science
2. BS in Fine Arts
3. Master of Engineering in Mechanical Engineering
4. Master of Engineering in Civil Engineering
5. Master of Science in Chemistry
Sub-Goal C. Continuously Improve Programs through Quality Assurance.
1. Improve/Enhance program offerings through AACCUP accreditation.
2. Attain AACCUP institutional accreditation.
3. Attain Category A -Research in CHED IQUAME Evaluation.
4. Sustain SUC Level IV status of the University.
Sub-Goal D. Widen Access to Higher Education through Non-Traditional Modes of Instruction.
1. Promote and implement CHED’s deputized programs of Expanded Tertiary Education Equivalency and
Accreditation Program (ETEEAP).

> In my stand, I know this won't be easy, it'll take time, more effort and cooperation. I hope that the university would be able to sustain the the level status they (we) have now and continue improving through accreditation. I think all of this sub-goals is realistic as long as everyone including the students would cooperate in achieving this..

Goal 2: Pursue Excellence in Research.
1. Create an organizational climate conducive to research productivity and address the research priority areas of the six centers: Engineering and Architecture, Technology, Advance Science, Mathematics, Marine
Biomodelling and Mariculture, and Policy Studies, Education and Socio-Economics.
2. Enhance the visibility of MUST in the national and international research arena.
3. Enhance access to research grants from external sources (international, national, or regional research funds).
4. Ensure intellectual property rights registration and licensing agreements for transfer of technologies.
5. Aim for distinctive research awards.

> As a university that aims to pursue a quality research, instruction, production and extension it is a must to have these goals (Goal 2: Pursue Excellence in Research). For the university's great development, research is greatly needed. I hope that the instructors and students would be well trained to conduct good researches not only in national level but even international level.

Goal 3: Pursue Excellence in Extension.
1. Develop capability and organizational culture for more productive extension activities.
2. Utilize research outputs and package technologies.
3. Build up community outreach through community and campus-based extension projects.
4. Provide consultancy services and expand networks.
5. Aim for distinctive extension awards and implement reward system.

> The university's real transformation should not only be seen in how the institution was change but also in the way it changed the lives of the community around them, like these goals of building up community outreaches. For me this is realistic as long as there is enough budget and trained individual for the said activity.

Goal 4: Establish the Center of Energy and Environment.
1. Create a research think-tank that will address policy and technical issues related to energy and environment.
2. Become the leading National Research Institute in the fields of energy and environment.
3. Commercialize sustainable technologies on energy and environment.

> Having these goals, I hope that the university would be able to realized these things. It needs money, well trained people, dedicated people, and good research. But it's not really that impossible to achieve these things.

Goal 5: Promote Student Affairs, Welfare and Success.
1. Attract quality entrants to the University.
2. Promote the students’ wholesome and holistic development.
3. Continuously improve student performance in the Professional Regulation Commission (PRC) proficiency exams.
4. Promote the students’ cultural awareness and appreciation of skills in the arts.
5. Strengthen the reward system for student achievements.
6. Provide more scholarship grants to deserving students.

> As a student of this university, we are not only to be trained for the courses/profession that we are enrolled in but we should also be developing other skills and to be developed as a whole ( holistic development). I know this is possible and realistic.

Goal 6: Maximize Library and other Resource Support to the Teaching, Learning, and Research Environment.
1. Upgrade library resources to University standards.
2. Develop and sustain the E-Library.
3. Restructure the library organization and facilities.
4. Produce instructional materials and manuals.
5. Sustain efforts in resource sharing and networking activities with other organizations/institutions.

> This things are very important that it must be available to the students. It is really needed that the library and E-library will be developed so that this will be used effectively in the learning process of the students. Because the students are also paying for these, they must also be able to use the facility as it functions well.

Goal 7: Implement Massive Infrastructure Development.
Sub-Goal A. Construct New Buildings.
1. ICT Road and Powerhouse Science Complex
2. University Dormitory
3. University Student Center
4. University Cafeteria
5. Engineering Building
6. Technology Building
7. Education Building
8. University Library
Sub-Goal B. Renovate Old Buildings.
1. University Gymnasium
2. Old Administration Building
Sub-Goal C. Establish State-of-the-Art Laboratories.
1. Establish and Equip Laboratories for COD/COE Programs.
a. Electrical Engineering Laboratory
b. Information Technology Laboratory
c. Mechanical Engineering Laboratory
d. Civil Engineering Laboratory
2. Establish and equip laboratories to sustain the existing programs.

> How wonderful it is to see the university as developed as this. As the changes arises so do as the needs of the students to learn as much as they need to become a quality graduate and as a professional in their respective fields. These things written that are need to be developed and to be built are not far from reality. Actually there are already buildings that are built, these things are stating to happen.

Goal 8: Implement Massive Information and Communications Technology (ICT) Development.
1. Fully automate management information systems.
2. Upgrade MIS infrastructure (hardware/network capability).
3. Enhance computing facilities in the main and external campuses.
4. Develop technology-enhanced teaching and learning environment.

> As an institution having expertise in the field of technology it is also important that there must have a massive ICT development. Technology is a fast changing field that is why the university must be well updated or should I say it must be in the latest trend in terms of ICT developments.

Goal 9: Pursue Outstanding Human and Organizational Development.
Sub-Goal A. Enhance Human Resources Management.
1. Recruit, retain and develop outstanding faculty and staff.
2. Promote the health and well-being of the MUST community .
3. Enhance recognition system for excellent performance.
4. Improve HR processes, systems and infrastructure to provide high levels of efficiency, quality and cost-effectiveness.
Sub-Goal B. Ensure Quality in Administration and General Service Delivery.
1. Revise the existing University Code.
2. Implement innovative administrative systems.
3. Maintain excellent physical ambiance of the campus.
Sub-Goal C. Build Institutional Strength and Reputation.
1. Pursue institutional development planning.
2. Create and maintain an organizational culture that supports the vision, mission, and values of the University.
3. Establish the institutional knowledge and data base system.
4. Ensure smooth flow of University news for internal and external audiences.
5. Foster good media and public relations.
6. Coordinate the University image building and branding.

> All of these things are vital things that the university must also have for the total development of the school and its students. Also to have good flow of learning and the relationships in the institution.

Goal 10: Ensure more Efficient and Effective Resource Management and Generation.
1. Manage budget efficiently and effectively to finance the University’s various programs and projects.
2. Maximize income potentials of income-generating projects.

> It is indeed important to have efficient and effective management and generation. All of these plans would not be possible without the capacity of managing the finances and budgeting the money that the university have for these developments. Without money everything will be just a plan on a paper.

I hope that all of these plans of developing our dear university would be soon realized. By the help and cooperation of everyone in the institution and with God's provision, power and strength nothing will be impossible.

Handicraft

2010-07-30T21:12:00.000-07:00

Need accessories? Sometimes, it's not necessary to buy expensive glittering jewelries to wear, we have what we call fashion jewelries which are cheaper and it looks beautiful at its cost. This kind of jewelries are product of handicrafts. Handicraft, also known as craft work or simply craft, is a type of work where useful and decorative devices are made completely by hand or using only simple tools. It is usually applied to traditional means of making goods. There are various things that could be made just by hands like stuffed toys, cards, pots, decors, jewelries and many more. The photos above shows a sample pictures of a jewelry made by hand.

How to make Fashion Jewelry ?

Materials:

*beading wire- 30 - 32 gauge is quite soft and not stiff enough for forming loops in wire to attach jump rings to, so wire in gauges of 22 - 24 is much better for making bracelet links.
*fastening clasp
*wire cutters
*round nosed pliers
*selected beads
*jump rings-jump rings are small metal hoops with one cut placed in them so that they can be attached to another metal link and then closed carefully with pliers.

To create the bracelet, cut the beading wire into equal lengths. The exact length you’ll need will depend on whether you'll be using one or several beads on each wire piece, plus the sizes of the beads you chose. Make a little loop on one end of each piece of wire before adding one or more beads to the wire. Finish the beaded link by forming another loop on the other end of the wire piece. To complete the bracelet, connect the beaded links with jump rings and then attach the metal fastening clasp.

You can use any beads that you love when you make bead bracelets. Glass and crystal beads usually look more tasteful than plastic ones. You can decide whether you prefer to make bracelets with gold or silver colored beading wire and findings. Beading wire is also available in colors such as pink, orange, purple, green and blue.

It's good to start making simple things first before going on to complicated ones. You can also start by making necklace or earrings.

To know more about making bracelets by hand you can check the video below.

Fashion Bead DIY: Blue Boho Stretch Bracelet - For more of the funniest videos, click here

Graphic Science and Arts

2010-07-30T01:25:00.000-07:00

In this subject we are able to make different kids of artwork and also developed our talents and skills in the field of arts.One project that we have is the scrapbook making. A photo album just shows you the photos but a scrapbook tells the story. A scrapbook can contain photo, mementos, notes about the event and by the page's look and feel; it can depict a 'mood'.

What you need..

Materials Needed:

Paper - Acid and lining free card stock, paper, and vellum are some of the options.

Adhesive - You need some good adhesive or you will have pictures falling out of your scrapbook, Some of the commonly used adhesives include sticky dots, double sided tape, spray glue.

Cutting Equipment- A good craft scissor will be a good option to give a nice wavy effect to the pictures.

Scrapbook - Embellishments

You will use embellishments to decorate your scrapbook page layouts, these come in different forms like wire, ribbons, stickers, stamps, brads etc another good option is to purchase a machine that will cut shapes and create your own embellishments.

Glue or Paste

SCRAPBOOK-PROCESS
by: Herman M. Dias

Once you have decided the theme of your scrapbook, you need to select a picture or pictures that will be the focal point of first page and then you can use the colors in the picture to determine the color scheme of the whole page.

Once the picture are on you can use some fancy wording and then decorate it with brads, ribbons, paper etc.

When you are doing your scrapbook, do not over do it, don't make it bulky with embellishments because you will need to place the sheet in a plastic sleeve.

An one last tip, when you by the paper, choose acid and lignin free products, using anything else will deteriorate your scrapbook over time.

One of the most important things to remember when creating scrapbook page layouts is not to overdo them, remember they will need to be placed into a thin plastic sleeve so attaching bulky embellishments simply won't work and will look unsightly in your scrapbook.

This is my scrapbook project

Basic electronics

2010-07-29T23:41:00.000-07:00

Electronics is the branch of science and technology which makes use of the controlled motion of electrons through different media and vacuum. In this course you will be able to make electronic devices and components. An AC DC Power Supply is one of the devices that we had as our project. What is a power supply?A power supply could be something as simple as a 9v battery or it could be as complex as a precision laboratory power supply.

Terms and materials to remember:

*Rectifier-is an electrical device that converts alternating current (AC) to direct current (DC), a process known as rectification.

*Capacitor- is a passive electronic component consisting of a pair of conductors separated by a dielectric (insulator).

*Transformer- is a device that transfers electrical energy from one circuit to another through inductively coupled conductors—the transformer's coils.

This is a very basic unregulated dc power supply. The ac from the transformer secondary is rectified by a bridge rectifier D1 to D4 which may also be a block rectifier such as WO4 or even four individual diode such as 1N4004 types. The principal advantage of a bridge rectifier is you do not need a center tap on the secondary of the transformer. A further but significant advantage is that the ripple frequency at the output is twice the line frequency (i.e. 50 Hz or 60 Hz) and makes filtering somewhat easier.

As a design example consider we wanted a small unregulated bench supply for our projects. Here we will go for a voltage of about 12 - 13V at a maximum output current (I_L) of 500ma (0.5A). Maximum ripple will be 2.5% and load regulation is 5%.Now the rms secondary voltage (primary is whatever is consistent with your area) for our power transformer T1 must be our desired output Vo PLUS the voltage drops across D2 and D4 ( 2 * 0.7V), all divided by 1.414.This means that Vsec = [13V + 1.4V] / 1.414 which equals about 10.2V. Depending on the VA rating of your transformer, the secondary voltage will vary considerably in accordance with the applied load. The secondary voltage on a transformer advertised as say 20VA will be much greater if the secondary is only lightly loaded. If we accept the 2.5% ripple as adequate for our purposes then at 13V this becomes 13 * 0.025 = 0.325 Vrms. The peak to peak value is 2.828 times this value. Vrip = 0.325V X 2.828 = 0.92 V and this value is required to calculate the value of C1. Also required for this calculation is the time interval for charging pulses. If you are on a 60Hz system it it 1 / (2 * 60 ) = 0.008333 which is 8.33 milliseconds. For a 50Hz system it is 0.01 sec or 10 milliseconds.

Basic electricity

2010-07-29T20:20:00.000-07:00

Basically, electricity is a form of energy is produced by the movement of electrons.This form of energy can be sent through wires in a flow of tiny particles. It is used to produce light and heat and to run motors. The main source of electricity is induction. What is induction? Induction is the process of heating an electrically conducting object.The generation of electromotive force in a closed circuit by a varying magnetic flux through the circuit. There are two classification of electricity which are AC (Alternating Current) and DC (Direct Current).

AC waves flows many directions, continually changing between positive (+) and negative (-). The rate of changing direction is called frequency of the AC and it is measured in hertz (Hz) which is the number of forwards-backwards cycles per second.

This shape is called sine wave

DC always flows in one direction, but it may increase or decrease. A DC voltage is always positive (or always negative) ,but it may increase or decrease. Electronic circuits normally require a steady DC supply which is constant at one value or a smooth DC supply which has small variation called ripple.

Steady DC

Smooth DC

In basic electricity, a circuit is a path between two or more points along which an electrical current can be carried. A simple circuit contains a minimum things needed to have a functioning electric circuit, it requires the following:

A source of potential difference or voltage. (battery or electrical outlet)
A conductive path which would allow for the movement of charges. (typically made of wire)
An electrical resistance (resistor) which is loosely defined as any object that uses electricity to do work. (bulb, electric motor, speaker, etc.)

Example of a simple circuit

SAFETY FIRST:

We all know that working with electricity involved in it is hazardous. In this field it is a need to be extra careful to avoid accidents/electric shocks. Electrical safety is primarily dependent upon appropriate job planning and correct testing procedures and techniques.

reference:
© John Hewes 2010, The Electronics Club, www.kpsec.freeuk.com

Drafting

2010-07-26T07:34:00.000-07:00

In our drafting subject, one of the topics that we have taken is the "Geometric construction". This geometric construction is basically an important thing for engineering aids, as a draftsman. A draftsman must possess the knowledge of the principles of geometric construction and also its application. This often involves drawing lines, a circle, an arc of a circle or a fillet, a circular curve, or a combination of these basic types of line.

Here is an example of a basic steps in geometric construction.

The following are needed:

paper
pencil
compass
straightedge ruler

Bisecting a Line
Steps:

Start with a line segment PQ.

Place the compass on one end of the line segment.

Set the compass width to a approximately two thirds the line length. The actual width does not matter.

Without changing the compass width, draw an arc on each side of the line.

Again without changing the compass width, place the compass point on the the other end of the line. Draw an arc on each side of the line so that the arcs cross the first two.

Using a straightedge, draw a line between the points where the arcs intersect.

Done. This line is perpendicular to the first line and bisects it (cuts it at the exact midpoint of the line).

This is how to bisect a line. It's one of the basics done in drafting, and there are still many kinds of construction in drafting, there are also bisecting an angle, getting the center of a circle, equilateral triangle etc. All these things are very useful and it's important to learn all about these things.

Basic Carpentry

2010-07-23T03:40:00.000-07:00

Life in this country is hard enough with a roof over your head, so we cannot even begin to imagine how difficult it must be to be homeless. Most of us want to have our dream house--in the very near future as possible; it's one of our basic needs, a place for comfort and protection.

Talking about a house, every part of it or its structure is important, one of these is the roof, and you can't live in a house or any building without it. Roof is the top covering of a building that serves as a protective covering from weather.

Roof comes in different types.

⌂ Shed or Lean-to-Roof
It is considered as the simplest form of roof consisting one single slope.

⌂ Gable or Pitch Roof
The most common type of roof, made of triangular sections consisting of two slopes meeting at the center of the ridge forming a gable.

⌂ Saw Tooth Roof
It is the development of the shed made into a series of lean-to-roof covering one building.

⌂ Double Gable Roof
It is a modification of gable or a hip and valley roof.

⌂ Hip Roof
It is also a common form used in modern houses having straight sides all sloping towards the center of the building terminating at the ridge.

⌂ Hip and Valley Roof
It is a common combination of hip roof and intersecting gable roof forming a T or L shaped building.

⌂ Pyramid Roof
It is a modification of the hip roof wherein the four straight sides are sloping towards the center terminating at a point.

⌂ Gambrel Roof
It is the modification of the gable roof with each side having two slopes.

⌂ Ogee Roof
It is a pyramid having steep sides sloping to the center.

⌂ Mansard Roof
The sides slope steeply from each side of the building towards the center forming a flat deck on top.

⌂ French or Concave Mansard Roof
It is a modification of the mansard roof where the sides are concave.

⌂ Dome
It is a hemispherical form of roof usually used in observatories.

⌂ Conical Roof or Shire
It is a steep roof of a circular base to a central point.

⌂ Butterfly Roof It is a two shed roof where the slope meet at the center of the building.

Welding

2010-07-22T01:54:00.000-07:00

When I was a kid, I was a bit enjoying watching those big sparks in welding because it looks like big sparklers. What is welding anyway?

Welding is a fabrication or sculptural process that joins material, usually metal or thermoplastic, by causing coalescence. This is often done by melting the workpieces and adding a filler material to form a pool of molten material that cools to become a strong joint.The spark we see in welding is actually what they call "weld splash". Weld Splash is an unwanted creation of small metal particles that are expelled from the welding area during the welding process. These small metal particles can be airborne in the form of “hot sparks” or can solidify as small “balls” or “filaments” that remain loosely attached to the welding area.

Hazards are both common in arc and oxygen-fuel gas welding, it's even a combination of safety and health risks. By its nature welding produces fumes and noise, gives off radiation, involves electricity or gases, and has the potential for burns, shock, fire, and explosions. A welder must first wear protective gear before doing any welding operations and observe safety practices.
These are the protective gears needed:

Flameproof gauntlet gloves, a leather or asbestos apron, and high-top shoes to provide good protection against sparks and spatter.
Protective clothing (jacket/long sleeves) to cover all exposed areas of the body for protection sparks, hot spatter, and radiation.
Leak-proof helmets equipped with filter plates to protect against ultraviolet, infrared, and visible radiation.

Welding Tools and Equipment:

Filter rod/electrode
Welding Machine
Electrode holder
Electrode cable
Base metal or Parent metal

The welder is now all set for welding.

Stick or SMAW Welding

Stick or SMAW is one among the most widely used welding process. The flux covering on the electrode melts during welding. This forms the gas and slag to shield the arc and molten weld pool. The slag must be chipped off the weld bead after welding. The flux also provides a method of adding scavengers, deoxidizers, and alloying elements to the weld metal.
The principle behind SMAW is that heat is generated by the spark that causes the ends of wires to melt an electric arc.

There are several operation that could be done through SMAW, these are: Butt joint , lap joint, T-joint and Fillet joint. (left to right)

Clothing and Grooming

2010-07-21T05:31:00.000-07:00

What's
about
stitches??

Everything that we are wearing are sewed products, sewing is used in variety of craft and industries, including shoe-making, sail-making, bookbinding and even manufacturing some kinds of sporting goods. Long before, the ability to sew is what most mothers or women possesses to supply the family's needs, whether clothing needs or a bedding for a warmer and comfortable night sleep. Whatever it is to be sewed, its basic components are the same stitches and seam.

The stitch is a single complete movement of a threaded needle in sewing, used to temporarily bond two pieces of cloth together or to manipulate the fabric into gathers. Stitches has it's types or kinds.

KINDS OF STITCHES

⌂ Basting
Back stitch is the strongest hand stitch and is used to imitate machine stitches. Work back stitch from right to left.

Begin with a couple of stitches worked on the spot, and then take a stitch and a space.
Take the needle back over the space and bring it out the same distance in front of the thread.
Continue to the end of the seam.
Fasten off with a couple of stitches on the spot.

⌂ Oversewing Stitch
Oversewing, or overcasting, is a way to neaten a raw edge to prevent heavyweight fabrics from fraying. Relate the length of the stitch to the fabric and how badly it will fray.

Begin with a few back stitches.
Make diagonal stitches over the raw edge, spacing them equally and make them all the same length. Be careful not to pull the stitches too tight.

⌂ Running Stitch
This stitch is use for seams and for gathering.

Fasten the thread with a few back stitches and work small stitches by passing the needle in and out of the fabric. Keep the stitches and spaces as even as possible.

⌂ Slip stitch
This stitch is used for holding a folded edge, such as a double hem, to a flat piece of fabric.

Work from right to left with a single thread fastened with a knot hidden inside the hem.
Bring the needle out through the folded edge, pick up a few threads of the flat fabric and then work through the fold again.
Slide the needle along, come out of the fold to make the next stitch.

⌂ Tacking Stitch
This is used to hold the fabric in position while it is being permanently stitched. Similar to running stitch but with longer stitches. Also known as Basting.

Work with single or double thread, knotted at the end, and make evenly spaced stitches by taking the needle in and out of the fabric.
End a line of tacking with 1 back stitch or a knot.
To release the tacking stitches, cut off the knot and pull out the thread.

So these are the basic stitches which are useful and important to learn even during this age where sewing is not a common hobby anymore. We might badly need it in an unexpected situation; for instance, if you unexpectedly have your clothe/uniform destroyed and it needs repair, having the basic knowledge about sewing using these stitches will be a lot of help.

Baking

2010-07-21T00:04:00.000-07:00

What is Baking?

Baking is the technique of prolonged cooking of food by dry heat acting by convention, and not by radiation, normally in an oven, but also in hot stoned ashes, or on hot stones. Bread, cakes, pastries & pies, tarts, quiches, cookies and crackers are prepared through this method.

Did you know that the first evidence of baking was when the ancient people took wild grass grains, soaked it with water, and mixes everything together; they were mashing it into a kind of broth-like paste. The paste was then cooked by pouring it onto a flat, hot rock resulting to a bread-like substance. As time passes by, developments have been made that bread-making becomes a lot easier to do. Other deliciously tasting baked products that satisfies the consumers need were invented too, like cookies, pizzas, cup cakes etc.

One common and very delicious--if it's well made, product of baking is a "cake". Cake is a form of food, typically a sweet, baked dessert. Cakes normally contain a combination of flour, sugar, eggs and butter or oil with some varieties also requiring liquid (typically milk or water) and leavening agents (such as yeast or baking powder). Here is the basic procedure in cake making.

Chocolate Cake

Main Ingredients:

1 + 1/2 cup all-purpose flour

3 tablespoons unsweetened cocoa powder (dutched/dark)
2 teaspoons baking powder
2 pinches salt
1 cup sugar
2 teaspoons vanilla essence
1/2 cup milk or water
1/2 cup vegetable oil (flavorless)
2 eggs

Ingredients for frosting:

1 stick (1/2 cup) + 3 tablespoons (160 g) softened butter
3 cups powdered sugar or confectioner's sugar
1/2 cup unsweetened cocoa powder
1 1/2 teaspoon vanilla extract
4 to 5 tablespoons lukewarm milk

Procedure:

Step 1. Prepare the ingredients.
Begin by gathering and measuring all the ingredients. Prepare the cake pans, grease and flour them. And preheat oven at the right temperature, it'll took about 10-15 min.

Step 2. Mix all dry ingredients such as flour, cocoa powder, baking powder, salt, sugar. And add vanilla essence in a bowl. You can use a wire whisk to combine the flour with the leavening agents.

Step 3. Add milk/water, vegetable oil and eggs.

Step 4. Mix everything together until smooth, either by wire whisk or by using an electric mixer at slow speed. If the batter is too runny you may add slightly more flour.

Step 5. Transfer to baking pans and bake at 350 degrees until a wooden pick inserted in center comes out clean, approximately 35 to 45 minutes.

Step 6. After the cake has cooled, slice the cake through the middle to make two layers (easier if the cake has been in the fridge).

Frosting:

Cream the softened butter with powdered sugar in a bowl. Add cocoa, vanilla and 4 tablespoons lukewarm milk, and mix until smooth. Do not over-mix. If necessary, add some more milk.
Use one 1/3 of the frosting between the two layers, 1/3 on top, and the rest around the cake.
This cake should have room temperature when served.

You can also add some toppings in your cake to look like this.

food processing

2010-07-20T06:16:00.001-07:00

Food Preparation

2010-07-20T00:18:00.000-07:00

Food preparation

Food preparation is said to be as an activity unique to humans. This activity has begun long time ago however; there was no clear evidence as to when it was invented. Food preparation is basically the act of preparing foodstuffs for consumption. Many types of food preparation involve heating the food ingredients (cooking), however other types of preparation involve chemical, biological, or mechanical means.
Let us first define the term "cooking".
Cooking is the process of preparing food by heat.
During this process the appearance, texture, flavor and the chemical properties of the ingredients will be change. And these are the processes in Chemical technique:

Brining
Drying
Pickling
Salting
Smoking
Souring
Sugaring
Sprouting
Marinating
ceviche
Fermentation

It also has it's Mechanical Techniques which are:

Remember:

When handling food it is a major requirement to practice good sanitation. Food preparation places special emphases on safety in the dining to avoid bacterial contamination that will lead to poisoning or illnesses. It is vital to use well sterilized tools and equipment, a clean environment, and the handler itself needs to have proper hygiene.

Now, let us use what we have learned about cooking. Check out and try this delicious Filipino recipe.

SEASIDE SISIG

Ingredients:

1 k. Tambakol, cleaned
2pcs. medium-sized onions, chopped
2pcs. siling haba, chopped
1/2 cup cooking oil
1Tbsp. sinigang sa sampalok mix
1Tbsp. iodized salt
180ml. sachet mayonnaise

Procedure:

Steam Tambakol until cooked.
After removing the fish bones, chop meat into flakes.
Saute the Tambakol flakes in the chopped onion and siling haba.
Season with iodized salt and sinigang sa sampalok mix.
Top with mayonnaise.
Serve hot.

Agriculture

2010-07-19T04:26:00.000-07:00

Everyday we are taking up food to satisfy our need. Food gives us strength throughout the day and nourishes our body too. The production of food and goods through farming is what we call "Agriculture".

It has been said that this is the key to the development of human civilization. Agriculture covers a wide variety of specialties it includes ways to expand the land, cultivating crops, digging water channels and other form of irrigation; and pastoral herding of livestock.

Planting is not an easy job it needs time, effort and also techniques to attain good product. Usually we buy vegetables and fruits in the market but sometimes we don't get the quality or the freshness that we need equal to the amount we payed for it. Because of these factors people are looking to grow their own fresh grown home products.

Here are the basic steps in planting:

The Soil

-Before starting out you need to invest a little time in making your soil healthy to grow your vegetables. This can be a slow process but it will benefit you and your vegetables in the long term. There are many methods you can use such as chemical free fertilizers, natural composts and even introducing earthworms.

Compost
-Fast composts are great to use when you first start out as these are quick to get your soil into shape and while this is happening you can begin building your own home grown organic compost for future use. It is very easy to do and it takes just a little effort on your part, but again it will be well worth it. Most fast composts are available from your local gardening store; just make 100% sure there are no added chemicals.
You should be sure that any organic fertilizers and composts are mixed in with your soil at least three to four weeks prior to planting.

Tilling the Soil
-Once your soil is ready for use and your getting eager to plant your first crop then you are ready to plow the soil. Once tilling is complete you are ready to sow your seeds.

Weeds and Pests
-Control of weeds and pests can also be helped by tilling the soil. There are organic pesticides and herbicides available on the market.

Water
-One key element will be making sure you water your vegetable garden on a regular basis. Plan to do this at least once a week and give it a good amount of water. Obviously if it is raining a lot this can be reduced but you will need to pay attention to just how much rain your garden has received. This is where a water butt will come in handy especially in hot summers where you may be subject to a water restriction. Plus collecting rain naturally should always be used over using mains water for your garden.

livestock and their products

Rice, fruit and vegetable crop

fishery

2010-07-19T02:23:00.000-07:00

Nowadays, there is an increase in the demand for fish and most fishermen finds less fish to catch due to overfishing, that is why the idea of fish culture became the alternative solution to supply the increasing market demand for fish worldwide.

Fish culture is where people own and look after a stock of fish. This might involve regular stocking, fertilization and feeding, protection from predators and diseases, and taking care of the environment. The most common fish species raised by fish farms are salmon, carp, tilapia, European seabass, catfish and cod. These fishes are stocked on a pond.

Fishpond
It is the place where the fishes are raised. Usually square in shape. Ponds can be described according to where and how they are made and the use to which they are put. Ponds have this main parts:
⌂ Nursery pond is the smallest portion of the pond system. It should be constructed near the main gate in order to have access to the source of the water.
⌂ The transition pond is smaller than the Rearing, where the fry is being stunted and may also be served as rearing pond during the late season of cultivation.
⌂ The Rearing pond which the fingerlings will be cultured to its desired size occupies the biggest pond bottom of the fish pond project. It is estimated that the size of the Nurseries pond is about 13 per cent, the transition pond is 37 per cent and the Rearing/Production pond is 50 per cent of the total area.

This is a sample layout of a fishpond.

It is very important to consider the factors in selecting a fishpond site. Before going on the construction of the pond it is advised to conduct investigation concerning the suitability of the fishpond site. The following must be observed:

1. Water Supply - There must be an adequate supply of clean water throughout the year or free from pollution.
2. Drainage- It is important that the site can be thoroughly drained and dried in order to totally eradicate, all fingerlings or fry predators.
3. Soil- It is essential that the soil must be thoroughly analyze to determine whether it is suitable foe fishpond development. Clay loam, sandy clay, or clay with rich deposit of organic matter is the best soil for the said project.
4. Vegetation- Clear areas or scanty vegetation should be selected.
5. Freedom from Flood- Proposed sites that are prone to flooding or which are recurrently flooded should be avoided since the fish stock will be washed away, likewise the dikes and the gates of the said project.
6. Availability of Fingerlings- Fishponds needs sufficient supply of fingerlings in order to have the maximum frequency of stocking, thus production is high.
7. Marketing- It is also important to consider the distance to the market outlets and availability of transportation.

Cyprinus Carpio

Different kinds of fish for stocking

Having the wide knowledge about fish culture is very important before engaging to any project. to have a very successful outcome.

For more information about fish culture/aquaculture click here.

obstacles to I.T educational practice

2010-06-26T01:19:00.000-07:00

Involving technology in the educational practices is one of the best way of modernizing and improving the educational system, but using this tool in teaching seems to have problems that even the developed countries find it hard to integrate I.C.T tools in teaching. It is important to identify these obstacles so that countries which would like to improve their educational system would be able to know how to solve or make solutions regarding these problems.
I have read about the obstacles towards using I.C.T in teaching and learning of information system from "The International Arab Journal of Information Technology" It has been said there that these following factors affects the use of technology of some developed countries:

availability of equipment- Of course, it is important that there is an availability of the equipment so that the student may have the convenience in learning, as well as the educators they need it for teaching.
sufficient equipment- sufficiency of the equipment is also needed so that there will be a comfortable learning and teaching process.
up-to-date equipment- there is a fast change in the technology and it is hard for the educators to cope up with the changing technology in a short period of time.
maintenance of the equipment- this also needs attention, there must be technical support so that there will be a good flow of learning and teaching.
infrastructure- it has already been said (in the journal) that good networking infrastructure is needed to support its use in teaching.

staff training & development
technical staff support- theses two factor are important so that the educators will be able to teach effectively using the upgraded system.
vision and incentives - there must be more researches to be done to maximize the use of technology in education.
time factor- this is the common problem of the faculty & staff because there is only limited time in learning these new technologies.

These factors are obviously an obstacle in integrating I.C.T in teaching. I know that all countries are aiming for the best institutions which provides best quality of graduates, so, these institution must give much more attention with these problems, and not only the institutions but also the government, they must provide enough budget for the upgrading the educational system.

source/reference:
http://www.ccis2k.org/iajit/PDF/vol.3,no.3/3-Mee.pdf

1st quiz EdTech2

2010-06-25T23:59:00.000-07:00

Ed Tech Quiz #1 » online exam

REACTION (I.C.T)

2010-06-19T00:41:00.000-07:00

What is the role of technology in education? Many progressive countries has been using I.C.T for better and effective learning. Countries like Australia, New Zealand, Hong Kong, Singapore and Malaysia have been using I.C.T and conducting more researches to achieve a more developed technology that is useful in educating their students. It's main purpose is to produce quality learning, help students learn effectively and to produce a quality and competitive graduates. In these countries, I have seen some strategies that Philippines could probably adopt to help in developing the educational system and I.C.T.
New Zealand have been developing their I.C.T through consultation with school, researchers, tertiary education providers, businesses, and others. They do not focus on technical skills alone but also on extending and deepening educational experience. In Singapore, they have been integrating I.T into content to create a dynamic and flexible curriculum and leverage on I.T to expand the scope and nature of assessment.
In Hong Kong, their key components of the strategy are training teacher at four levels to become effective facilitators. While in Australia and in Malaysia, they have some similar strategies like they are not just using I.C.T for educating typical students that are attending classes regularly, but also they connect to Orphanage and other NGOs to empower under privileged children and the Homes through the use of Information and Communications Technology to improve their quality of life.
I know that the Philippines has also been developing I.C.T to educate Filipino students. Maybe some of these countries' strategies are also used by our Filipino technologist and educators but there are also strategies which are applicable or may be adopt. I am hoping that the Philippine government might be able to implement all the projects they have in the development of I.C.T, so that they can educate not just the Filipinos from some part of the Philippines but also to reach even the remote areas where there are students who are willing to learn and uplift their lives.

reference:
http://www.unescobkk.org/education/ict/themes/policy/regional-country-overviews/new-zealand/