Development of the Child

Development and progress of your 11 month

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At eleven months, your baby is able to understand simple instructions and that means "no", although this does not mean that it will obey you every time! Try to limit the use of "no" at times when your child does something dangerous or you may use it to rhyme.

Books with bright colors attract the attention of your baby. Take them to the library, this will allow you to discover new books to your child over his favorite books.

My baby will he become more independent?

Your baby will soon celebrate its first anniversary and it is no longer the helpless baby and unable to do anything without you. Your child is still in great need you to take care of him and you to help him, but his independence began to assert itself. Your baby arrives to his feet, bending and squatting. It may also be able to walk holding your hand and it tends perhaps the hand or leg to help you dress him.

At meal times, your baby may catch a cup and drink in one. Sometimes perhaps eating his meal using his hands. If your baby is already able to drink from a cup, learn to anticipate because it could bring down the once empty!

How interested my baby books?

The youth department of your library is a good starting point for finding new books that your baby will appreciate: carvers, fabric books, colorful books, everything is good!

Find out if your library organizes readings and rhymes for babies. This is an excellent way to stimulate your baby's interest in reading.

Your baby will love handling books, turn the pages, sometimes several at a time. He will certainly love his favorite books he read and reread. Sit down and have him read all the books you have chosen, describe the images you see. Your child will probably appreciate books with flaps to lift, with different materials to touch and filled with colorful pictures.

Why my baby does not know when I tell him "no"?

Your baby understands simple instructions and what does the word "no", but sometimes he chooses to ignore you. To give more value to the word, try to use only when your baby does something potentially dangerous. If your child begins something that displeases you, try to dissuade rather than say no. If you constantly say "no" to your baby, it will have no effect on him.

You're not bad if you do not let your baby pull the cat's tail, especially as it may scratch your child. You just try to set limits. If your baby pulls the cat's tail while you have forbidden him, take his hand, look him in the eyes and tell him, "No, the cat has bad tires if you tail him. "Take his hand and gently caress the chat together.

Even if your baby still will not remember the next day what you have to say, it is important that you begin to set limits.

The desire to explore your baby is stronger than listen to your warnings. To you therefore to protect and educate. What can pass for provocation is actually a natural curiosity on the part of your child who wants to understand how the world around them.

How to help my baby learn and use a few words?

Now you get may recognize some words when your baby babbles, and it employs in understanding what they mean. Continue to encourage your child's interest in speech and show that you are listening by responding to his words and his babbling. Such trade is essential to teach your baby the two-way communication. Games such as nursery rhymes and other hide and seek in turn will help to develop memory.

Baby first year in pictures

At eleven months your baby is certainly able to imitate the sound of certain words, but also actions intonations. It can for example follow simple instructions especially if they are accompanied by gestures: "Bring me the ball please", "Could you pick up a spoon? ". Facilitate the learning of your baby by ensuring that each step corresponds to a request easy to follow. Do not worry if your baby does not yet understand, it should come within a month or two.

My baby is developing normally he?

Each baby is unique and develops at their own pace. This paragraph does not evoke that your baby is potentially capable of his age or what he will soon be able to do.
If your baby was born prematurely (before 37 weeks), you'll probably feel it needs more time to do the same things as other children his age. This is the reason why doctors attribute two ages for premature babies:

The chronological age, calculated from the birth of your baby. The corrected age, calculated from the originally scheduled date of birth of your child.

So you rely on your baby's corrected age to assess its development. Health professionals will do the same to assess the capabilities of your child.

Do not hesitate to consult your doctor or pediatrician if in doubt regarding your child's development.

COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT BY PIAGET

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How to develop human knowledge? That is the question which the Swiss psychologist Jean Piaget devoted his entire life. Work, spread over nearly sixty years, have laid the foundation of the vast field of research of genetic epistemology which seeks to understand how changing our thinking throughout our lives.

Trained in biology and philosophy, Piaget draws on concepts of these two disciplines to study the development of young children, ideal terrain for observing a thought form. It happens so early to conclude that cognitive development is the result of complex interactions between the nervous system maturation and language, and that maturation depends on social and physical interactions with the world around us.

For Piaget, it is acting on its environment that the child constructs his first reasoning. These cognitive structures (Piaget also speaks of thought patterns), initially entirely different from those of the adult, internalize gradually become more and more abstract.

Piaget's theory of cognitive development are four primary structures that correspond to stages of development, which are further divided into distinct periods where specific cognitive abilities emerge.

The first stage, which extends from birth to about 2 years, is the sensorimotor stage. During this period, the contact between the child and the world that surrounds it depends entirely on the movements and sensations that he experiences. Each new object is brewed, launched, in the mouth in order to understand the characteristics gradually by trial and error. In the middle of the stage towards the end of his first year, the child grasps the concept of object permanence, that is to say that objects continue to exist when they leave his field of vision.

The second stage is the pre-operative period which begins at 2 years and ends around 6 to 7 years. During this period, which is characterized among other things by the advent of language, the child becomes able to think in symbolic terms, to represent things from words or symbols. The child also captures the concepts of quantity, space, and that the distinction between past and future. But there remains much oriented towards the present and concrete physical situations, having difficulty handling abstract concepts. His thinking is also very self-centered in that it often assumes that others see situations from his point of view to him.

Between 6-7 years and 11-12 years, this is the stage of concrete operations. With the experience of the world that accumulates in it, the child becomes able to consider events that occur outside of his own life. He also began to conceptualize and create logical reasoning which, however, still require a direct connection to the concrete. A certain degree of abstraction also allows to address subjects like mathematics where it is possible for the child to solve problems with numbers, coordinate operations in the sense of reversibility, but always about observable phenomena . Solve problems by dissecting several variables consistently remains outstanding at this stage.

Finally, from 11-12 years to develop what Piaget called formal operations. The new capabilities of this stage as to the hypothetico-deductive reasoning and establish abstract relations are usually controlled around the age of 15. At the end of this stage, the adolescent can, like adults, use formal logic and abstract. It can also start thinking about probabilities and moral issues such as justice.

Learning is an adaptation of our thinking to new data from the real. For Piaget, this adaptation can be done in two ways: through assimilation or accommodation.

Assimilation is to interpret new events in the light of existing thought patterns. For example, a toddler knows how to grab his favorite rattle with the fingers of one hand and throw it to make noise. When it falls on a new object, as the fragile watch his father, he transferred this problem without motor pattern known to the new object and sends it bouncing on the floor.

The accommodation is the reverse process, that is to say, change their cognitive structure to integrate a new object or a new phenomenon. If the same child is now a beach ball, it will try to grab it as it does for its rattle with one hand. But soon, he will realize that it does not work and eventually discover how to hold the ball in his hands.

For Piaget, we move constantly assimilation and accommodation during the process of understanding the world around us. During certain periods of development, one of the two, however, can be temporarily used more than the other.

An asset for the physical and emotional development of the newborn

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Body language is the primary form of communication that includes the newborn, and breastfeeding promotes the awakening of this language.

Language melee: support primitive relationship

At the dawn of life, the human being needs several kinds of food to thrive. Physical food, milk, and emotional nourishment, care consists of gestures and words that combine the quality of actual physical presence in the emotional presence of the mother, the father or the person who takes care of him. These foods, doors exchanges with the outside, are the five senses of the baby and the mother, they confirm his membership in the world and rooted in its identity. They are a unit that contains knowledge and weave "support archaic" on which to build the future adult to get in touch with each other. Breastfeeding is a real sense of dialogue between the body of the mother and her child. He requests one by one, but all feel confused, like a halo containing sensory and secure. From its conception, man is a being in relationship. The language of the senses is a process that is part of the exchange as "primitive support."

Include Albert Camus, in The Myth of Sisyphus, our ahead: "We live in our bodies long before they think. Our body has a lead on us irreparable. '

Pre-and postnatal life lays the foundation for the life of the child with his entourage. How the triangular relationship father-mother-child will be engaged in these periods if the valuable support throughout his life, in his approach to others.

The rooting

The first step - literally and figuratively - of this communication, perhaps it is the baby who will ... Indeed, from its inception, placed flat against the belly womb, skin cons skin, guided by his touch and his smell as the mother's voice, he can crawl to find the nipple and suck. It is the expression of rooting. This moment is linked to a subtle exchange between maternal behavior and that of the child and the conditions and atmosphere of childbirth. But the absence of this reflex should not deprive the newborn of early suckling first golden rule of breastfeeding. Essential to good start breastfeeding early suckling easier and more immediate the mother-child relationship by taking advantage of a moment when the rational defenses are dormant.

Cord milk: a smooth separation

The umbilical cord that fed the fetus for nine months, going over to the "cord milk." Milk is the food necessary to the digestive system of the child to lead him to maturity, that is to say, taking a variety of food gradually. Meanwhile, the imaginary cord allows the child to gradually separate from his mother, as he garnered enough emotional and physical strengths to become autonomous. And for the mother, the feeling of emptiness felt in his belly is mitigated by the fullness of her breasts. The cord extends milk so the dialogue established during pregnancy between mother and child.

Physical development of the newborn

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After birth, a newborn will lose between 5-10% of their birth weight. This loss is important during the first 24 or 36 hours, then lower to stop the 4th or 5th day. Then it will recover gradually birth weight.

The weight and size

From the moment baby has regained his birth weight (around the 8th day), weight gain is on average 25 to 30 g per day during the first three months. The weight curve is not perfectly regular. It may take a day and then 10 g 45 g tomorrow. In order not to shake, baby weighed twice a week is sufficient, except in cases of diarrhea, fever.

In general, the newborn weighing 3500 g at birth twice the weight at 6 months. However, this rule is only valid for a newborn mean birth weight.

The steady growth in size is a good indicator of the health of your baby and the absence of severe disease. Baby takes on average 3 cm in the first month. Baby will grow by an average of 25 cm in the first year.

Holding the head

At birth, your baby's neck is soft and her head dangling. It is therefore very important to support when you take the baby in your arms. Similarly, the baby's skull is malleable to allow the head make its way through the genital tract.

The skull bones may overlap slightly because it is not yet completely ossified, and this feature allows the growth of the brain triple in volume during the first year.

It is therefore prudent not to put pressure on this part of the skull called fontanels. Moms know especially the anterior fontanelle, the larger rhombic area about 3 cm long and 3 cm wide located on the top of the skull behind the forehead.

Psychomotor development

Motor development of the child depends on the evolution of the skeleton, musculature, nervous system and maturation of his senses. But also, in large part, to the evolution of its global expertise.

Because its development is as much about the head, the legs, it is called psychomotor. Psychomotor development therefore covers both motor skills and cognitive learning (with respect to knowledge).

Many factors involved in the development of the baby, both genetic and environmental. His heredity, his place in the siblings, the educational choices of his parents, his natural environment (city, country). All these factors will combine to influence your baby.

Every baby is a person with a personal style and rhythm, each child sets its own priorities, focusing on the movement for some, for others on the grip.

The first acquisitions succeed in a specific order, head to the member. Indeed, baby starts to hold his head and back muscles and strengthen arms before those legs baby holds his head, then sits up, then uses his hands on. Finally, you should know that baby progresses in stages, as it did not equate an acquisition, it does not pass to the next.

3 months mark a transition in the baby's life.

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From 3 months, a baby does not like to be alone more generally.

Baby needs someone to play with him!

He seeks the company of the animation. And above all, he wants to observe everything that goes on around him!

Always fascinated by the sounds, when he hears a noise it stops all movement to focus on this new sound or familiar.

He likes to be near him. Love it in a deck that speaks to him.
During periods of wakefulness, he will enjoy the tunes.

He does not want to stay just lying flat, and although still unable to sit without support, he loves this position.
He offers a breathtaking view of many exciting things and allows him to participate in the life of the house!

Baby lying on stomach relies on his forearms and manages to hold his head more and longer.
We can begin to ask baby on her back, her head supported by a pillow.

Position changes are important at this age.

Baby starts to move in all directions, it is not uncommon to find him across his bed in the morning for a nap.
He can look back on the sides and it becomes increasingly difficult to maintain during the exchange.

Baby opens his hand and grasp objects that are placed within his reach. He did not catch, but he grasps his whole hand.

Psychomotor development of the baby's 3rd month

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Your baby is 2 months into her third month:

He is evolving:
When seated:

- He controls some movement of her head while she was still dangling there shortly.
In your arms
- He raised his head and straightened to keep in line with the body.

His little fists are no longer closed, his hands open.
Observe his handcuffs Baby is a fantastic show!
He also begins to play with.
He loves when they meet by chance the porch hanging over his bed.

Your baby weighs about 5 pounds and is probably increased to 5 feedings per day. He is longer nights, sometimes without interruption, and begins to wake up later in the morning.

Three months entering its fourth month.

He is more responsive and reacts better and better to different stimuli.
Maybe he starts to laugh for real, with a chuckle voice when you tickle or fry in your arms?

From 3 months, new drivers give Baby a greater freedom of movement:

He is able to reach out to objects:
even if they can not actually get this new skill opens up many horizons.

He can also stretch the legs when he is held upright, then what fun to bend and stretch the legs in a hopping motion!

He plays more with his hands
he moves his fingers shaking, turns and returns, inspects every sense ...
occupation ideal for getting to know!

3 months: emotional development

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Fine Motor Gross Motor emotional Intellectual Social

Emotional development

Your baby will emit sounds much more now that he uses his voice to express themselves. He managed to better communicate his joy, sadness or malaise. Reacting to what he tells you, you will strengthen their self-esteem.

At this age:

He shows that he is scared or happy or angry facial expressions by.
He chuckles of joy and shoot cries when happy, whines when he gets frustrated and licks his lips when he is hungry.
He begins to appear dull.
He reacts to the presence of familiar people and can start crying or stop crying by the person who holds him in his arms.
It can recognize and communicate his discomfort.

Gradually, he began:

Laugh.
Get angry when he does what he wants.

How to help advance?

Your baby has a unique personality that develops at their own pace. But you can help to foster this development by applying the parenting Comfort, Play & Teach. This approach was designed to easily integrate into your daily routine. Adapted to the current age of your baby, the table below gives examples of small actions beneficial to emotional development.

Comfort
When you

Your baby

Encourage your baby a positive way, for example by saying "Bravo! "When he manages to grab something

Developing self-esteem.
Give your baby soft toys, blankets and anything else that is comforting

Learns to calm himself after being disturbed.

Play
When you

Your baby

Know how to recognize the signs of fatigue your baby

Learns to trust you, knowing that you respect its limitations.
Expect small pleasant moments of physical activity with your baby during the day

Learn to have fun and to calm down by himself.

Teach
When you

Your baby

Follow the established routines and respond to your baby's needs consistently

Feels reassured because he can predict what is coming.
Make available to your baby's toys and objects that comfort when disturbed.

THE DEVELOPMENT OF INTELLIGENCE IN CHILDREN

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When we speak of child development, everyone has an opinion on the issue. Everyone has their own little speech to cover their tracks and shake our parental serenity.

From birth to 2 years

At this level of development or intelligence is primarily practical. It is built according to the sense (hearing, touch, sight,) and movement of the child. One of the essential learnings of this period is the understanding of object permanence (the child may find a hidden object). The child acquires the symbolic function that requires different types of conduct as deferred imitation, symbolic play, drawing, mental imagery and language. He also developed a self-awareness by driving his body schema.

In fact, there is a progressive maturation leading to the holding of the head (2 to 3 months, the importance of maintaining adult), then the sitting position (6 months with support, 8 months without support), then the standing (not to be confused with walking with support 9 months, 12 months without support). In terms of language we pass again the simple chirp, with vocals, then syllables associated announce that the real words. The march begins, hesitantly, to 10 months and is truly functional in 15 months on average. But may, without that there is nothing pathological, appear later, around 18 months.

2 to 6 years

The children develop language skills. He is able gradually to dialogue. Moreover, he also develops their motor skills and incorporates the concept of quantity. Cleanliness is also important during this period. Do not start too early education of cleanliness because various preconditions must be met. The child must be able to understand what is expected of him. The early days of cleanliness is acquired, usually around age 2, 2 ½ years. Only after that will take place the night of cleanliness, he is usually acquired around 4 years, 4 ½ years earlier in girls than boys.

6 to 10 years concrete operations

During this period, the child constructs his intellectual structure allowing him to handle mental operations in a logical manner. For example if we present a bouquet with 8 roses and tulips and 3 if you ask what is it about? We must wait eight years for the child to answer the flowers, before he chose the roses.

10 to 16 years, abstract thinking

At this stage the adolescent can now make assumptions parts of the sensible world. The youth may, from personal experience, reach a conclusion.

The board of psychologist

These elements of child development that are strengths which enable to identify and in which there is considerable variability depending on the child. These life stages are only averages. A child who does not work until 18 months has not necessarily a problem, like a child making simple sentences to 15 months is not "advance".

The development of a child must be taken as a whole, from birth to adulthood and in its cultural context, and not at some point outside of any context. This is only a photograph does not always reflect reality.

PSYCHOMOTOR DEVELOPMENT OF THE CHILD

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Psychological development is the set of processes that allows infants to grow up after going through many steps and stages. This is the whole psychic (psychomotor) of the individual and the body. Acquisition of motor skills (neuromuscular) and psychological (appearance by step demonstration of intellectual and emotional increasingly sophisticated). The child is anything other than adult reduced both in quantity and quality.

importance of psychomotor development

The development of the child during the first 6 years is significant in the brain (he grows as fast and more), psychomotor, personality (emotional, basic personality sets before 2 years).

child from 0 to 2 years

The physical changes

The nervous system

At birth, the structures most developed in children are the midbrain and medulla oblongata. The two structures are important as they ensure the regulation of some basic functions (power, sleep, etc..). The cerebral cortex is the set of the gray matter with the convolution entailed the midbrain. Cala governs higher functions of the individual (perception, body movement, thought, language, memory). Cortical development: At birth, everything is already created but the connections are not functional. Until the age of 2 ½ years, the synapses will be and multiply. They form the dendritic tree of the synapse, which results in an increase in brain size that triples from 0 to 2 years. There is a rapid change in the first 2 years of life that will allow the emergence of adaptive functions like language.

The muscle and skeletal

There are changes of body structures in parallel which are slower. This spread between childhood and adolescence with the stiffening (hardening of the bones). Flexibility is synonymous with vulnerability in children. Muscles lengthen and thicken first for maintaining muscles (neck) and this autonomy (legs).

The motor development

Physical changes will be the basis for rapid development of the child's motor skills. Different skills are locomotor (walking, running, jumping), and postural manipulation (throwing, seize, grasp). At 6 months, the child walks with 4 legs and standing at 13 months. Specific development is influenced by environmental factors (diet and exercise).

The cognitive development

A child is a motor that is to say that if he had not the opportunity to play and manipulate, he could not understand the world, that's why it's called motor development. 0 to 2 years, he governs his movements according to what he hears, he responds to his feelings by his movements. For Piaget (1896-1980), it is the sensory motor period. The child at that time there is no link between the events even if they are repeated. When he does something that is not intentional or planned. But gradually, the baby comes to understand that things continue to exist even when he no longer sees them and starts to remember things, people, etc..

Child development from 0 to 2 years

0 to 1 month exercise reflexes

1 to 4 months primary circular reactions

4 to 8 months secondary circular reactions

8 to 12 months coordination of secondary schemata

12 to 18 months tertiary circular reactions

18 to 24 months symbolic

Compared to this time, the evolution of intelligence of the child seems to gradually rise the motor plan and sign plan to the mental representation of this behavior is imitative.

child from 2 to 6 years

The physical

Physical changes in the preschool is to say 2 to 6 years less dramatic and less numerous than the period of infancy. These are incremental changes. Gradual changes allow the child to progress in terms of motor development. The changes are less radical but they will allow the child skills that will increase his independence and his adaptation to the larger world around him. Motor skills will allow the child around 5-6 years of cycling, using scissors, visual and motor coordination.

The cognitive development

This is the preoperative period (Piaget), this is a period when the child begins to use symbols and representations and manipulate them mentally. The main features are the self, the child can not take into account the opinions of others. At this age, the child deals with things from their own point of view.

Conservation, some objects although they have undergone changes remain constant. For Piaget, within 5 years if the child has not mastered this conservation is that children are so absorbed by the appearance of change that focuses on the change and not on the mind unchanged and of the underlying object.

Classification, it is the attitude to the child to classify objects, group them by category and use of concrete and abstract properties to perform its clusters. 2 to 3 years, the child of graphic collections. There is a group object is done, but no apparent link between these objects. Between 4 and 5 years, the child collections based on a characteristic. He begins to pull together and objects in a systematic and logical. The inclusion of class is a classification that the child still does not get to 6 years. This is the relationship between object classes such as, an object class is in a more general class.

Logic, the logic of the child is at that age transductive. The child matches some element in some fact, but the problem is that the link it establishes between the elements and facts is incorrect.

Piaget is an author of reference in his time. It divides by stage. In recent years, he is widely criticized because he believes he has underestimated the skills of children. Children are less egocentric than Piaget said, and they have sophisticated theories of mind from 4-5 years. Brownell has experience in 1990, he has children together (same age, disabled, older, etc.). To play. The child seems to understand that others may think differently from him since he plays and explains the rules to others.

child from 6 to 12 years

The physical

The most important motor skills are acquired at 6-7 years, he is acquired in terms of their simplest form. Also the physical changes that occur between 6 and 12 years are mere refinements of these motor skills with increasing speed, improving coordination, competence in performing physical activity accurate. It was during this period that there are hormonal changes to 8 years in girls and 10 years in boys.

The cognitive development

For Piaget, it is an important time and as significant as when the child begins to use symbols to 2 years. This is the concrete operational period. An operation is the set of abstract patterns and powerful as internal reversibility, subtraction, addition, multiplication, division, seriation. The main features are the conservation, to 6 years the child has acquired the conservation of liquid, substance, and the number. In 7-8 years is the conservation of weight. At 10-11 years the conservation of volume. To achieve this level of understanding, the child uses several strategies that may be reversible, the addition or subtraction, compensation. - The classification to 7 years the child understands the principle of class inclusion. - The logic is inductive. For Piaget, it seems that the child develops at this time an inductive logic. It is a form of reasoning which is to move from specific to general, experience to more general rules, etc..

Baby's development to six months

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A child develops himself. However, parents play an important role in this development. They provide development opportunities for their child that he will seize the time comes. A prime example is learning to walk. The only child decides when he will stand up and learn to walk. This week can make the process of interest and he begins to assimilate the principles of walking without his parents realizing it. Then one day the child walks. Meanwhile he will be down moultes once and will be raised each time, motivated by his desire to walk.

Learning to eat will be held in the same way. He will take time for the child to master his technique. The first few months, the child does not focus on 'learning how to eat'. He claims the breast and shows his need to drink or just to suck. In short the child eats. Around the fifth month the baby begins to show interest in what those around him and thus to what he eats. It's been weeks he carries his toys and other objects in his mouth. The child observes and, consequently learns. He wants to imitate the actions of others and when the opportunity arises and a piece of food will be located within reach, the child will carry it to his mouth. What he can not reach or is not able to grasp because the stage of development of motor skills remain on the table or on his plate.

Is it hunger that drives him? A child who is fed on demand (or bottle-fed) was a priori not hungry. And yet he wants to eat exactly what you saw eating. It has nothing to do with hunger, it is a stage in its development. At birth, the child proved he could feed himself, now he will begin the next stage of development vis-a-vis the food: he will seize the food, taste, lick them, sniff them to bite, tear off small pieces, chew and finally swallowing. The baby has to learn to do these things, whereas before her relationship with food was so simple: he was only drinking milk!

And these stages of development are only part of the iceberg. They go hand in hand with other internal developments such as the development of the immune system, oral functions and digestion system. These developments have been the subject of scientific research, as studies by Naylor and Morrow.

During the first six months of life, the infant has to do that type of food: milk. This is easy not only for himself but for his mother. The immune system, which was not yet completed at the birth of the child, has had an opportunity to evolve during this period. Enzymes present in breast milk, factors pre- and probiotics, have also contributed to this development. Around the sixth month, the immune system is firmly established in the intestinal flora and therefore ready to protect the body of the child. Its development is now sufficient to accommodate foods other than breast milk.

The digestion system will also be developed during the first six months. The intestinal wall is less porous and the intestinal flora is also ready to play a role in food digestion.

As for oral physical functions, after months to train the muscles in his jaw while drinking within or bottle feeding, the child is ready for the next step: chew, swallow.
It is interesting to note that these three stages of infant development takes place almost simultaneously, around the sixth month.

Let us sum up what we've covered so far. Around the sixth month, the baby grows more slowly than he has done since birth. He became interested in what happens around him, including that eat other. He wants to be seized even if he does not necessarily hungry. It is very likely that he begins to ask again in the night as he has been too distracted during the day to drink efficiently and concentrated. He has so much to discover!

Because a five month old baby is not capable of carrying food to his mouth himself, we conclude that he is not yet able to eat solids. If the parents still want to feed him anything other than milk, it will have to be given the form of puree.

A six month old baby is entering the second half of his first year. He can usually sit alone for short periods several times a day. He will train every day to grab food and put it in his mouth. It is possible that this would take a month or two to tame technology but it's going to happen is for sure.
If you decide to give your child the chance to train himself to eat, you will quickly find that he is capable and does not need to be fed purees and sauces served on the spoon.

A child is ready for solid foods at six months because:

- his immune system is sufficiently developed;
- his digestive system is more sophisticated than at his birth;
- his oral motor is driven after months to breastfeed or bottle;
- his hand-eye coordination is ready;
- address is sufficient gesture.

The development of your baby from 6 months

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Around the age of six months (sometimes later), your baby control his hands enough to bring an object to him. Once he grabbed a toy, he trains to pass objects from one hand to another. He also discovers that drop an item is just as fun as picking it up. Once he understood the relationship of cause and effect, the world of your toddler becomes more interesting ... and yours much more messy.

Left or right handed?

It is too early to tell if your baby is left or right handed. At this stage, most children seem to prefer one hand and then change and prefer the other. He was not until her two or three years to see if your little one is left or right handed.

He knows how to return

At 6 months, most babies are able to turn both ways, a milestone which will amuse you probably like him. If your toddler is fun to look back, you're probably not always agree. Constantly keep one hand on your baby when you change it. Never leave it unattended on a bed or other elevated surface. If you use a changing table, remain very vigilant.

He became a "little social animal"

At this age babies not only tolerate attention from others, but they often require. If they begin to fear from abroad, children 6 months are not yet very selective in their choice: any individual who approaches them with a frown or a smile, and he becomes attracted to any Following a friend. Do not worry, your toddler continues to need and want all your attention.

Your baby also learns that his behavior, or those you love not, attract your attention. From now on (and in future years), he will therefore make every effort to get your attention. If you are currently under its spell, growing up, he may do stupid things just to provoke a reaction from you. Do not forget to give your full attention when your approval.

One thing is clear: your baby is just now awakening to cry for your attention. Expect him to make every effort to ensure your noticing, as fussing, making noise, etc.. Over the next three months, he developed a personal and unique way to let you know what he thinks, wants and what he needs.

Beautiful moments in perspective.

He learned the games that are played in turn
Children 6 months love games that are played in turns, especially those that include sounds and phrases. Let your baby lead the party from time to time and imitate their vocalizations. When it's your turn to show your baby how to play and laugh at the same time, imitate animal noises ("quack quack", "hi han", etc..)

He babbles

Your 6 month old baby sees and hears the world around almost as good as you. His communication skills are developing rapidly. The proof, they now include screams, of glougloutements, octave changes and babbling. At this age, about half of children babble endlessly repeating a syllable like "ba", "my", "ga" or other consonant-vowel combinations. Some even add a syllable or two, making their sounds more complex. You can encourage your baby by responding to his babbling ("The goat is 'baa'" or "The cow is 'moo'", etc..) Or listening carefully as if you understood everything he said and you find it very interesting. Your baby is also able to recognize different tones and intonations of voice. He may start crying if you talk to him too harshly.

For fun, fill a glass of water to three quarters and made bubbles with a straw. He laughs heartily at seeing you and hearing the noise.

Stimulate senses

Your baby is using all their senses to explore and discover the world. Make sure he is surrounded by objects safe to touch, to make the mouth and handle. He will love crush a soft rubber ball, patting a piece of fake fur, grab a cold teething ring and hear the sound of a bell inside a stuffed animal.

Enjoy him read stories

You can now read aloud to your toddler. He will love looking at pictures of books and snuggle in your lap. Regardless of age of the child, reading is an opportunity to cuddle and communicate, that baby and parents appreciate both.

My baby is developing normally does?

Remember that each baby is unique and develops at their own pace. We can simply provide benchmarks on what your baby might be able to do, now or in the short term.

If your baby is born prematurely, you will probably find that he will take time to do the same things as other children his age. Do not worry. Most doctors assess the development of a child born prematurely from the date he should have been born and estimate his capabilities accordingly.

Cognitive development of children

2012-09-22T14:29:00.005+01:00

The child born is a whole being with a potential underestimated by many of us.

By temperament, personality, strengths and weaknesses, it will develop thousands of skills at a pace all its own.

Each child will develop all the skills of the five areas of development: gross motor (sitting, walking, running, jumping, etc..), Fine motor (grasping, writing, cutting, etc..), The cognitive aspect ( intelligence, learning, etc..), language (words, sentences, understanding, etc..) and social (interaction with peers, with adults).

In the next lines, skills and some ways to stimulate cognitive development in children are discussed. Could be defined as the cognitive development of all mental activities that require the acquisition, storage, retrieval and use of knowledge.

These activities include cognitive processes such as perception, learning, memory, language and thought. While all this sounds complex, the child acquires at birth, simple skills that will cause him and lead him still further. Try to see things more clearly, together ...

0-6 months

From birth, the baby is developing at an accelerated pace. Between 0 and 6 months, the baby is already interested in his surroundings. He is able to recognize people and objects known, to distinguish day and night and to coordinate various actions such as entering an object to bring it to his mouth. To stimulate cognitive development, you can:

- place him on your stomach and drop various objects around him he will be able to catch;
- leave at his disposal attractive brightly colored objects;
- talk to your baby of actions that you take and what surrounds him. Discover him with its environment by walking through your arms by browsing through the house, the park, outside, etc..

6-12 months

From 6 months, the child begins to show an intention in his behavior (he poses such a gesture for such a thing) and begins to understand the relationship of cause and effect. "I see a bottle, which means milk," for example. He loves games and cuckoo begins to search for a toy he drops to the ground, lays an object in a container by imitation and he is also able to find an object hidden under a container of some sort. Here are some activities appropriate to that age.

Take plastic containers, like yogurt. Drill-y a square about an inch in diameter. Use small blocks of wood and show the child how to insert them into the container.

Reuse of metal lids frozen juice boxes. Paste in images interesting for the child. Use a plastic container and cut a slit to the size of juice lids. Then insert the lids in the container. Noise is also interesting for the child.

Sit the child in the highchair. Give him two opaque containers and hide it any object. Invite children to look for it.

Make games of all kinds of cuckoo with a blanket, a washcloth, play hide and seek, hide an object under a cloth, etc.. Children love this game at this age.

1 year to 2 years

During this period, the child acquires object permanence, that is to say that he is able to understand one thing continues to exist even if we no longer see. Moreover, he is able to recognize his image in the mirror. Through play, his mimics a situation of daily life, it changes the function of objects. Moreover, he is able to match objects to pictures representing them. He can also point to body parts on request, be advanced when asked where he is.

Here are some activities appropriate to that age.

- Play with the child before the mirror. Use of cosmetic pencils and draw pictures on his face.
- Play pretend with the child. Use figures, like dolls or plastic figurines and play with her activities of daily living (eating, sleeping, playing, dressing, etc..). This technique may allow you to understand certain things which the child is unable to reveal, for example, how he loves to sleep, his favorite food ...
- Create a scrapbook for the child with images of everyday life. Paste the pictures of food, animals, everyday objects, familiar people. Leave it at the disposal of the child.
- During the bath, tell the child that you need such as washing her belly and ask him where his belly is hidden. Wait for it points the body part named.

2 to 3 years

At this age, your child will really enjoy doodling and found great pleasure in changing the names of people or animals. He can understand the difference between one and several objects, may have two objects and may also tell her age. On request, he can also indicate which object is which object is large and small. They also know the spatial concepts such as "in" "on", "above" and "below".

Here are some activities that might appeal to your child that age.

- On all occasions, ask the child to count its fruit pieces on his plate, the number of objects on the table, the number of buttons on his shirt. Count up with him two. Once acquired this number, count to three, and so on.
- Show the child to say his age and the show with his fingers.
- Look at books and name all the pictures. Ask him to tell which object is one that is big and small.
- Psychomotor made a route to the inside or outside the home. Ask the child to pass on the cushions, the table below. Emphasize spatial concepts.
- Use a cardboard box that you can decorate with the child. - - Take any subject of interest to him, such a car, a doll, a ball. Move the object and ask the child where he places the object (in the box, the box, below, on top, etc..). You can also make this game as a reference, like ask him to put the car in the box. Show him a good example if having difficulty.

3-4 years

At this age, your child can create an imaginary friend. He began drawing, but only he can identify his drawing. He has up to ten mechanically and can take three to six objects placed before him. Moreover, he is able to understand the words "today" "yesterday", "tomorrow". He differentiates a boy and a girl can also indicate which object is which object is heavier and lighter. He is able to complete a puzzle of six pieces. They can appoint three colors on request and appoint the three basic forms.

Draw pictures with the child. Offer him only three colors first. Once the child is able to differentiate and name, add a color, and so on. Draw shapes such as circle, square and triangle and ask the child to imitate you.

Use a piggy bank and plastic bingo chips. Make available to the child three objects to get started. Count them all and put them in the piggy bank. Repeat the experiment. Once this concept acquired, adds one chip, and so on.

Make a personalized calendar with the child that you can hang in the kitchen or in his room. Draw in the boxes the activity of the day (day care, family outings, birthdays, etc..) Choose an image with the child as you move throughout the day. Look at the calendar with him and ask what you did yesterday, what you will do today. The child is well over time.

Take a water tank and several light and heavy objects (rock, paper, utensil, pen, etc..). Give the child a heavy object and a light object. Ask him which is heavy and which is light. Then place these objects in the water tank and watch them flow together and which float. You can even make assumptions about which object will drop into the tray and which object will float.

4-5 years

Your child is at large. He can now draw a snowman tadpole. He loves the stories, read them and invent. He distinguishes the parts of the day, like morning, afternoon and evening. Remembers four observed objects in an illustration may appoint eight colors and count from 1 to 20. His skills are developing to prepare children to enter kindergarten.

Here are some activities that will appeal to your older children.

- Make up stories with the child. Cut out pictures from magazines that you stick on the leaves. Then make up a story with the child and write your story so you can review them later.
- Read stories to children regularly, but leave them the chance to tell you.
- Hide under a blanket four different objects. Ask the child to watch them and name them. Then, hide and remove objects in a. Ask the child to name the object disappeared.
- Whether for one or the other spheres of development, the child passes through all stages, chronologically. By cons, the pace may vary from one child to another. That's the importance of never compare two children the same age.

If you think your child has already acquired the skills of its normal stage of development, you have every reason to see the next age category and to stimulate learning noted.

By cons, if you are worried the development of your child, consult your health care professional who will reassure you or if the need arises and will refer you to a specialist to customize an intervention with your child, if necessary.

Child Development: In front of the TV at 6 months, it's bad for the brain!

2012-09-22T14:17:00.001+01:00

Notify babies! Bring children from six months before the TV or DVDs or video games is not the best idea to promote their cognitive development and language. That's what a new study published in the 'Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine'.

From November 2005 to January 2008, New York researchers have recruited mother-infant pairs who chose to attend the Bellevue Hospital in New York as the establishment of PMI.

Mothers volunteers, all aged over 18 were asked to rate the total daily exposure of their child in various media: television programs, DVDs, video games.

They also had to recall the content of these programs.
This period lasted through the sixth month of the child.
At fourteen months, the researchers conducted an assessment of language development and children's cognitive development. This last point is the maturation of the nervous tissue and language, all under the influence of social and physical environment that surrounds the child.

In total, 259 children, slightly more than 2/3 of the initial sample, which will be assessed at 14 months.

And the study shows two things: the duration of exposure is an important factor. An hour of TV a day to six months leads to an alteration of 14 months test scores. On average, the results tend to be worse than one third the average for that age.

There is the quantity but also quality, and this is the second lesson of this study. When a child of six months has been exposed to programs for children older than himself, it is not without consequences either. Again, cognitive development at 14 months was adversely affected.

These stations extended in front of the screen then precludes gaming activities and interactions with other children and parents.

These results are particularly interesting as they relate to families with low socioeconomic level. You can imagine that these resource-poor families are in television, a way of 'care' more economical and sustainable only paid child care systems.

But this work also shows that the allegations of some industrial suppliers of audiovisual content are inaccurate. Programs for 'Baby TV' do nothing to advance these babies six months, quite the contrary.

The American Academy of Pediatrics believes that we should not expose children to the media before the age of 2 years. This provision seems virtually impossible.

But it still seems important to limit the role of 'nurse' too often played the television screen.
Easier said than done, of course, but it still deserves that there splint!

Development and progress of your 6 month old baby

2012-09-16T15:50:00.007+01:00

At six months, some small signs will indicate that your baby is ready for diet diversification, solid food. If, for example, he looks at you insistently when you eat or if he tries to catch food on your plate. Always have your camera handy to record the discovery of these new sensations! Also be prepared to face a pretty mess around the table!

Now your baby is certainly capable of turning on itself. This capability represents a major milestone for the mobility of your child in a few months will begin to crawl.

I already know if my baby is right or left handed?

It is too early to tell if your baby is right or left handed. At this age, your child may just as well prefer to use one hand at a given time then change the other hand a moment later. It was not until two or three years you will know which hand is your child.

Master your baby and getting better control his hands and he can now bring an object to him. When your child has learned to grasp a toy, he will learn to move objects from one hand to another. He will also discover that it is sometimes more fun to drop something that's catching!
When your baby will understand the link between cause and effect, a new world will open to him and yours will be messed up!

When my baby Will he be able to roll on itself to turn?

This month, your baby learns to turn certainly when it is elongated in both directions. This is an important step that should amuse you both. Your baby may find it very amusing to you to remain vigilant, falling is soon here.

Always hold your baby when you change his diaper and never leave it unattended on a bed or other elevated surfaces. If you use a changing table, this is a good time to secure the maximum space.

It may be that when you see your baby in his cot, he has returned to his stomach while sleeping. If sleep is deep, replace it on the back, it is always best that he sleeps on his back.

Help your baby feel at ease on the stomach by placing from time to time in this position during the day to play. If he turns himself, shake a toy on the side where he used to ride to encourage him to start over. Praise him when he comes and reassurance if needed.

How did my baby needs attention?

When you receive visits from friends or family, your baby looking for attention and sometimes causes. Some babies may be afraid of people they do not know, but usually they do not care to know from whom they receive this attention. Anyone who approaches your baby with a frown or a smile immediately becomes a friend. But do not worry, your child still needs a lot of your affection.

Your baby begins to understand that you react differently depending on what he does. From now and for many years, your child will do everything to get your attention.

For now, everything that your baby is cute but growing up, your child may increase the nonsense that you were interested in him. Stay vigilant, even when you have given permission for your baby to do something.

Your baby is looking at other ways that crying for your attention. expect to see him squirm and babble. In the next three months, he will develop his own way to let you know what he thinks, what he wants and needs.

When my baby will be there ready for food diversification?

Now that your baby is six months, some signs are that it is ready for solid food:

- he holds his head up
- if he sits his back is supported
- he seized the food into a spoon with the upper lip
- it puts food on the bottom of his mouth before swallowing
- normal and its weight is about twice its weight of birth
- it is curious to what you eat
- he manages to capture small bites and put it in his mouth.

Discover our menus Mother-Baby for some ideas!

If your baby is still not tempted by solid foods at 26 weeks, ask your doctor or pediatrician. At this age, breast milk or powdered no longer sufficient to meet their nutritional needs.

Choose which games to a six month old baby?

Your child will love the games where you play one after another, where sounds are emitted, where you have to speak or sing. No doubt if you stop in the middle of a nursery rhyme to your child forward the idea to hear the rest.

Let your baby sometimes take things in hand, and imitate her babbling and noises he makes. When your turn comes, make animal noises like "quack" or "woua-woua". Your baby will understand that it's your turn, learn new sounds and find it very funny.

How to help my baby to understand and use some bits of words?

At six months your baby sees and hears almost the same things as you. His communication skills are developing very quickly, and your child discovers the babbling, screaming, sounds different and varied and incredible octave changes it is capable.

Your baby may also repeat indefinitely the same syllable as "ba" or "ga" and other consonant-vowel associations. It adds maybe sometimes one or two other syllables making the sound more sophisticated.

Encourage your baby by meeting and playing both taking up the sound of animals like goats, "baaaah" or the sheep, "Bââât" and so on. Be interested in everything you say in your baby to have the feeling that what he says is important and that it continues to be expressed.

How to encourage my baby to explore his surroundings?

Your baby uses all senses to explore and understand the world around him. Make sure it has access to many objects it can see, touch, listen and bring to mouth.

He will love crushing a rubber ball, stroking a piece of fake fur, chew a teething ring precooled, hear a bell buried in the belly of a teddy. A playground or a baby mobile will also help to discover the colors, sounds and textures.

My baby is big enough for me to read a story?

This is the time to read books aloud to your baby. Indeed, it now look like the vibrant images and cuddle comfortably on your lap. No matter how old your child, reading is an opportunity for him and you find yourself and exchange.

My baby is developing normally does?

Each baby is unique and develops at their own pace. The following paragraph has outlined what your baby is potentially able to do at his age or what he will soon be able to do.

If your baby is born prematurely (before 37 weeks of pregnancy), you will probably feel he needs more time to do the same things as other children his age. This is why doctors and pediatricians to assign ages two premature babies:

Chronological age, calculated from the birth of your baby.
Corrected age calculated from the originally scheduled date of birth of your child.

Rely on corrected age to assess your baby's development. Health professionals will certainly also to assess the capabilities of your child.

Do not hesitate to consult your doctor or pediatrician when in doubt about your child's development.

Neurotic manifestations of the child and adolescent During Pediatrics

2012-09-16T15:45:00.000+01:00

Neurotic EVENTS IN CHILDREN:

If the neuroses are relatively well-defined medical conditions in adults since the works of Freud, this concept must be used with great caution when it comes to the child.

- Indeed, this state assumes a relatively stable personality, which is not the case in a child who is, himself, constantly evolving and crosses a number of successive stages maturatifs.

- This is why we prefer to speak of neurotic manifestations, this formulation does not refer to a fixed underlying structure of personality.

- There are two terms you should know, however, because of their historical importance in psychoanalytic theory:

- The infantile neurosis is an organization "physiological" accompanying and supporting the development of the child.

- The neurosis of the child is a condition in which, on the contrary, rigid defense mechanisms constitutes an obstacle to harmonious development. Has been criticized for being too this notion modeled on a disease model of the adult.

- The challenge is actually to be able to distinguish normal from neurotic symptomatology tables frankly pathological requiring specialized care. It should, for that familiar with the different stages of emotional development of children and learn to appreciate the role of symptoms in the subject's psychic economy.

Neurotic TEEN EVENTS:

In adolescents, the problem is a little different:

- We often find there neurotic developments which are only transient and correspond to coping at this time of multiple shocks.

- But you can also witness the consolidation of a genuine neurosis continuing into adulthood.

- Finally, some neurotic symptoms "massive" or atypical should alert the clinician because they are sometimes at the beginning of a psychotic process (see entry modes in schizophrenia).

CLASSIFICATION:

We usually distinguish five types of neurotic manifestations in children and adolescents (but usually there in the same subject from different types of events):

- Anxiety.

- Phobias.

- Obsessive manifestations.

- Hysterical manifestations.

- Inhibition.

Anxiety:

CHILD:

Anxiety is a fear without object. It is a normal part of child development and should be considered pathological if it is "very massive" or sustainable. It is manifest differently depending on the age of the child.

In infants and young children:

In infants and young children before the onset of language anxiety is expressed through the body:

- Screaming, crying with a particular color.

- Motor discharges.

- Autonomic disturbances (pallor, vomiting, urinary frequency ...).

- Psychosomatic diseases (colic, spasms of sobbing).

In children older:

Acute anxiety attack

In the acute anxiety attack:

- Anguish is never expressed directly.

- More the child is younger and more somatic complaints dominate the picture (headache, abdominal pain) and may be accompanied by functional disorders such as vomiting, diarrhea, anorexia ....

- Growing up, the more his anxiety child formula: anger, running away, agitation, abnormal behavior varied.

- A particular form of anxiety attack is the night terror:

- A hallucinatory phenomenon (terrifying visions) that occurs during the REM sleep stage IV (unlike the nightmare that occurs, he, during REM sleep).

- The child screams, sitting on his bed, his eyes haggard, and falls asleep after a few minutes.

- The episode is accompanied by autonomic signs (sweating, tachycardia).

- Amnesia of the episode is complete.

Chronic anxiety

- The anxiety can be chronic and found the same manifestations as those just described for acute anxiety, but often less "massive" and, of course, more spread out over time (as a restlessness).

- There are also:

- Sleep problems: bedtime opposition, demonstrations hypnagogic (occurring during sleep), nightmares.

- Hypochondriacal concerns (health concerns).

Treatment:

- The treatment of pathological anxiety of the child involves psychotherapy, always taking into consideration the family background whose role is often important in the genesis of symptoms.

- Drugs are of no use except for cases of night terror in which imipramine (Tofranil *) may be prescribed, but always after an overall assessment of the situation by a child psychiatrist.

TEEN:

- Anxiety is an affect very common.

- The acute anxiety attack approaches the table encountered in adults.

- There may also be a constant background anxiety.

- A privileged expression of anxiety is the somatic complaint.

- Treatment is mainly psychotherapy (supportive psychotherapy or inspired psychotherapy, family psychotherapy sometimes).

- An anxiolytic treatment is legal in some cases to pass a course or to prevent progression to addictive behavior.

- The prescription will always be carefully supervised, and as short as possible.

- It can be done with full agreement of the adolescent and his parents, and in a first overall difficulty of the subject

Phobias:

CHILD:

Phobias nonpathological age:

The phobia is the fear of an object unjustified or situation. Phobias are very common in children and a number of them are part of normal development of the latter:

- Fear of darkness to 2 years.

- Phobia of large animals to 3 years (the wolf).

- Phobia of small animals to 4 years.

- Situational phobias to 5 years.

These phobias are of concern if they persist durably beyond the usual age.

- Between 3 and 8 years, there are also frequent phobias:

- Natural elements (water, hail, thunder).

- Characters (doctors).

- Imaginary characters (ogres, ghosts).

- Disease or germs.

- Phobias diminish thereafter and are subject to psychotherapeutic support only if they hinder the development of the child.

School phobia:

School phobia is a clinical entity in its own right.

- It occurs in children who refuse, for irrational reasons, to go to school, and trigger a fierce anguish when we try to overcome their opposition.

- The school phobia must be differentiated from separation anxiety of the little child in kindergarten (transient response) and truancy or school refusal (no anxiety).

- It usually appears around the age of 10, usually in a boy, an only child or occupying a unique place in the sibling (eldest or youngest) often with a good grade.

- This condition does not occur only in a neurotic, and may refer to more serious disorders of personality.

- Support for individual and family psychotherapy is. An inpatient hospitalization, as part of a care contract, may be necessary in case of failure of outpatient treatment.

TEEN:

All phobias in adults may be during adolescence. However, a group of phobias is relatively specific: the dysmorphic. We close the erythrophobia.

Dysmorphic disorder:

Dysmorphophobias are obsessive concerns about body appearance, which places them in fact more in the field of pathology than for obsessive phobias.

The body part in question is of normal morphology or, if it has special, they are disproportionate with the fears related to it.

We distinguish:

- Excessive concern about the silhouette:

- Obesity (global or localized to the buttocks, thighs, abdomen ...).

- Thinness.

- Size (considered excessive, or too small).

- Concerns about excessive body part: all can be involved, but the face is of course often incriminated (nose, ears, acne ...).

- Concerns about excessive sexual characteristics:

- Hairiness.

- Chest.

- Genitalia.

- The deepening of the voice.

The unusual, bizarre, dysmorphic disorder is a question of an onset of psychosis.

Other phobias:

- It is closer to the erythrophobia dysmorphic disorder is the fear of blushing in public.

- The school phobia are also in adolescence. It is considered to have a worse prognosis than the child's school phobia.

Obsessive manifestations:

CHILD:

Normal manifestations

Again, there are events that are part of normal development of the child:

- Repetitive throwing of objects in the first year.

- Rites around learning sphincter control in the second year.

- Bedtime rituals to 2 or 3 years.

- After 5 years: collections, conjuring acts.

Pathological manifestations

Pathological manifestations may include:

- Ideative or impulsive obsessions, which are rare in children:

- Rites are found mostly varied and can be very invasive. They value exorcism.

- Ritual washing.

- Taboo of touch.

- Rites of proofreading.

- Various checks.

- Arythmomanie ...

- It brings in various tics (eye blinking for example).

The preferred treatment is psychoanalytic psychotherapy type.

TEEN:

- Among adolescents, obsessive compulsive disorders are quite common.

- Unlike the child, the obsessive ideas are often in adolescents.

- These disorders can develop into an obsessive-compulsive disorder in adults.

Hysterical manifestations:

CHILD:

Reminder to be cautious when talking about hysterical personality traits in children, because their definition is very imprecise. If one applied the criteria used in adults (theatricality, suggestibility, lability of affect ...), any child would be hysterical!

As for the hysterical symptoms, they are quite rare in children:

- Conversions mainly affect the musculoskeletal system, and in particular walking (paralysis, lameness varied). We can also meet: amaurosis, blindness, hearing loss, silence ...:

- The "belle indifference" is rarer than in adults, children frequently complained of his difficulties.

- Clinical examination, possibly supplemented by some additional tests simple, easily removes an organic origin.

- A symptom often found identical in the entourage (lameness of a parent for example).

- Functional disorders (chronic pain, dizziness, etc..) Are now assigned to manifestations of anxiety, not hysterical symptoms using a more complex symbolism.

- What to do includes:

- Sometimes diagnostic tests to rule out somatic pathology. However, it should avoid taking an escalation of invasive explorations that might fix the symptom.

- An approach taking into account the underlying suffering of the child, without dramatizing the symptoms and limiting secondary gains.

- The quality of collaboration between pediatrician and child psychiatrist is essential here.

- The individual and family psychotherapeutic approach is again the focus of treatment.

TEEN:

- The hysterical manifestations are much more frequent than in children and are to type:

- Conversions varied.

- Hysterical crises.

- Twilight states, fugues.

- We must distinguish the conversion of hypochondriacal complaints, psychosomatic diseases and simulations (conscious motivations), although these elements are often intertwined.

Inhibition:

The inhibition is most common between 8 and 12 years, and often leads to consult because of academic failure that may be involved.

- We differentiate:

- Intellectual inhibition, resulting in school failure.

- Inhibition to "fantasize".

- Relational inhibition (shyness).

- These children are sometimes hastily labeled "deficient" ("pseudo-neurotic debility"). It is crucial to identify the diagnosis by several assessment interviews possibly accompanied by psychometric tests.

- The psychotherapeutic approach may, in fact, helping the child to reinvest thought, have beneficial consequences spectacular.

The benefits of music for your baby's development

2012-09-16T15:34:00.001+01:00

It is widely known all along that the music helps infants perceive sensations and stimulated when they are in the womb of its mother. In fact, this has become a genuine therapy to promote the formation of emotional newborn.

Several studies highlight the benefits of music

This theory, music therapy, is known since the 90s, and it has been shown through research that the different sounds help the development of small. Ensure that studies the effects that classical music was in the baby's brain development are indeed real, and in its first movements.

It was also verified that to listen to a melodic composition is the cause of an effect of relaxation and harmony in the baby from pregnancy, where the young are more sensitive to sound than adults, which the makes it quieter, this way can make the most of the time you spend with them.

As music recommendations for your baby to delight the ears, it can be argued that the compositions of Beethoven, Mozart and Bach have been studied, and it has been shown to help empower the brain stimulated the small. In addition, a child who has had little contact from the music fits more easily into society and is expressed differently.

A child who lives with the music from its inception learns to live with others, establishes a relaxed communication with those around him, and is more assertive on an emotional level, since it feels understood. Another benefit is that it serves to help in order to achieve independence in daily activities and to learn to value what surrounds him.

We must make a distinction between music for babies and children. As for babies it is instrumental music, classical, without words, for children that are compositions with lyrics that catch a rhythm and melody, which helps to promote his memory and his pronunciation.

Needless to mention that certain activities such as reading stories, play games or sing are also a great help for the development of small.

Motor development of your child

2012-09-16T15:33:00.003+01:00

0 to 4 months

His little body curled up, unfolds gradually. His hands open over the months.

When lying on stomach, raise baby's head. At first just a few seconds, then he relies on his forearms and finally can turn his head without wagging.

To three months, he can hold objects in his hands and contemplate at length. It is not yet release them.

To four months, it is no longer necessary to hold up her neck.

5 to 8 months

To five months, he appreciates the semi-sitting position first, and also holds his head straight. Back properly seated, it feasts on this position (but be careful not too long).

He seized the objects offered to her. On his stomach when he recovers, he now turns his head to each side.

Around 6 months he spent back on his stomach when he is lying. This enables him to his back muscles properly so you can sit up alone later.

There is now strong enough to bear on an arm to get what he wants.

To seven months, he spends what he holds in one hand to another without letting go.

When you hold it under the arms as if to walk, he tightens his legs slowly (a reflex that he had lost in recent months).

It is not yet sit up by themselves but, once installed, it sits without support. Do not leave it too long and he loves it but tired quickly.

When it is properly seated take the opportunity to make it last longer bath, to play, without taking his eyes of course!

9 to 12 months

His big game now is to break down objects on the ground, watching them until they are picked him to be able to reject them again. Moreover, it grabs more objects with the palm of the hand but gradually with the fingertips. He is pointing everything he sees.

Baby starts to sit alone. Some start up using the bars of their bed, or relying on the couch for example.

The move came hours. This can be as 8 to 15 months (remember your own pace!), Each child develops most of its own mode of travel.

Some begin to crawl on his belly to the force of arms, others will get on all fours and gallop like crazy, others move to the buttocks, waddling (it's much slower but just as effective), then there are those who stand up to furniture. You can help by holding her hands but beware that position his breath. Besides his arms serve as its outriggers for balance, be supportive rather in the armpits.

Praise the slightest progress, and encourage him without much surmotiver provided! It will evolve at its own pace and according to his desire.

12 to 15 months

It moves more and more often standing and never tires to go around the apartment (or house), or not standing furniture. He climbs the chairs and sofas, stairs, ...: the fungi become common.

His hands are more dexterous, he loves to do with the puppets.

It is the association "action / reaction" (bang on a drum, blow into a flute = music, noise).

15 to 18 months

It happens to stack things on top of each other, just like flush shapes into corresponding holes.

He knows how to launch his balloon in a chosen direction with your hands.

It handles better and better space and balance. It can pick up objects while walking.

The common mistakes are as great curiosity.

18 months to 2 years

Walking is clearer, feet closer, the more rare fungi.
Sometimes awkwardly to stomp in a balloon.
He succeeded in becoming better things alone.
He starts scribbling.

2 to 3 years

He begins to draw curves and circles, and especially it is within the limits of the sheet (better understanding of space).

The development of toddlers

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The power

While it is tempting to consider our toddlers as mini-adults, they are early in their growth and their nutritional needs differ significantly from ours. Their diet should be both higher fat and lower in fiber than that recommended for adults.

For him a balanced diet of energy point of view and nutritious, your toddler needs to eat three small meals a day and two nutritious snacks.

Motor skills

Your child is about to walk alone! For now, he travels home based on the furniture. Your little explorer will soon move by walking, then run and leap.

Approaches its second anniversary, and it seems increasingly obvious that it is left or right handed, because he prefers to use his dominant hand to scribble, kick a ball and hold the spoon. He even managed to brush your teeth ... if you to help a little and were supervising the operation!

Gradually, as his skill improves, your child becomes more active, he climbs, jumps and runs, which strengthens his muscles. Make sure your meals are balanced and diversified is vital.

Exploration

Between 12 and 18 months, the vocabulary of toddlers is still quite limited and can not always express their emotions or tell you what he wants, you will see sometimes get carried away and bite tantrums! Please also note that is becoming increasingly aware of him. The proof? "I" and "me" are among his favorite words. Be patient as it learns to deal with the idea of sharing: at this age, catch toys and shout "this is mine" is also a common occurrence. Do not worry if it seems to prefer being alone rather than with other children: this is perfectly normal. Whenever possible, encourage the moments just playing and sharing with other children.

The language

There you will not be long before you notice that your child is a breakthrough in his mastery of language. Gradually, the words become sentences and requests.

Do not worry unduly if its vocabulary seems a bit limited, because at this age, he understands better than he really expresses himself in words. Rather than produce sentences built, it uses initially isolated and simple words to explain what he wants, so by "cup" must understand "I want my cup," and "Teddy," "give me my teddy bear."

One day he will begin to combine two words, "Mom toy" example, he wants to play with you, and you listen with great interest.

At this age, your toddler loves nursery rhymes. It is time to refresh your memory and back into the favorite songs from your childhood!

Learning

The growing awareness of his little world and his desire to assert itself can push your child to want to take control from time to time.

You can encourage it by making him make some decisions: why not let him choose his clothes for example, or its games? Encourage them to test their coordination skills recently acquired by proposing to take different steps: walk sideways, backward, forward, running and jumping.

Be as careful with your facial expressions and your words, your child learn through imitation. You will be surprised to see everything he records and manages to return in the most incongruous situations!

The development of your toddler from 33 to 34 months

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Around the age of 3 years, toddlers trying to understand how the people around them. You may have noticed that your little one is concerned with people's feelings: why the neighbor is angry? Why is Daddy sad? By putting a word on an emotion and an explanation of its cause, you are helping him understand that it is normal to feel things and talk. For example, "Roger is angry because he has not received his paper today. "

Be proud of this little being single

As the calm character, adventurous, thoughtful, or perhaps expanding your toddler is taking shape, always show him that you approve his way of being. Push it to always explore other facets of his personality, without forcing him to have a behavior that does not match. Observe how they react to the world: he will feel reassured and confident.

Make friends and share

Growing up, your child is emerging as a social being. He begins to consider his playmates as friends and he understands that the little touches, like sharing and giving, feeding a friendship.

Imaginary friends

Many children, especially those who have no brothers and sisters, invent imaginary playmates. These friends often appear around age 2 ½ or 3 years. Do not worry, these little fellows are involved in developing the awareness and value system of your toddler. Comforted him and accept responsibility for mistakes that your child regret doing. Most often, these friends disappear before the age of 6 years.

The development of your toddler of 18 months

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He moves easily

At 18 months, your toddler is a great walker. It may be able to climb stairs with help and loves to climb on furniture. He tries to kick the ball, even if not always succeed. He certainly loves to dance if you play music. He loves to run and push the buttons that are within range.

Is he ready for the pot?

Before learning to use a pot, the toddler must know when to hold back urination or bowel movement. Most children do not succeed before the age of 18 months. For best results, it is better to wait until your toddler shows he is ready before you start putting it on the pot.

He develops his memory and his imagination

Between 18 and 24 months, your toddler starts to think about things he does not see. For example, it will not be disturbed if you hide an object before his eyes and then change your position when not looking. After finding that the object in question is not where he expected he will continue to look.

Comforters and habits that reassure

His favorite stuffed animal is a great source of comfort for the toddler. He perhaps also certain habits to calm down, roll up like a lock of hair, rocking or thumb sucking. Most children naturally give up these habits at the age of 4 years. Unnecessary, therefore, to intervene at this time.

Discipline

If you reward good behavior and do not reward bad behavior, your child will quickly learn to distinguish what is right and what is evil. Try to take your own behavior you expect from your child because he will learn by imitating you. If you set a rule, for example, never leave your baby leave the yard without an adult, respect it and do not let your child break it under any circumstances. He will then know what is absolutely forbidden.

Low birthweight births

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What is a low-weight birth:

Babies born of low birth weight are of concern because they can often have more variety of health problems, development and behavior. We consider an underweight baby when at birth weighing less than 2500 grams (less than 5.5 pounds) while the normal weight of a newborn at term was 3500 grams (7.7 pounds).

A low birthweight baby is born is born too early because it is premature to say whether he has not grown enough in pregnancy. When the baby is born before 37 weeks he was born premature (too early) because a normal pregnancy lasts about 40 weeks (37-42 weeks). The fetus did not have time to reach a normal weight of a baby to term. When a baby born at term or prematurely has not grown enough in pregnancy is said to have an intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) or he is small for gestational age. During the years 1970 and 1980 the birth rate of low birth weight decreased significantly since the 1990s but there has been a rise in this rate as the rate of premature births.

Consequences of low birthweight birth:

Despite major advances have occurred in recent decades, prematurity and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) may have serious consequences. In both cases, the duration of their hospitalization at birth is on average longer than other babies, and they are prone to repeated hospitalizations during their first years of life. These infants also have a greater risk of death and disease. For example, these babies can have respiratory problems more often, the nervous system, vision and hearing, they often grow less well and may remain smaller later, and finally they may also have behavioral problems and difficulties learning in school.

Of course, these are not all preterm or low birth weight who live with these challenges and risks will be greater if they were born too early (before 28 weeks of gestation) or very low birthweight (less than 1000 grams ). Moreover, it is important to remember that if they find themselves in a loving and stimulating home environment they will have every chance to develop normally. Moreover, it seems that adulthood those born low birthweight are more likely to have high blood pressure, having diabetes and cardiovascular disease especially if they had IUGR. It is therefore important to understand what causes birth weight and small to try to prevent this problem.

What causes a low-weight birth:

Let me say first that poverty or low socioeconomic status is strongly associated with low birthweight births. Some factors are more associated with prematurity and other rather in IUGR, while others appear to exert their influence on both.

Factors related to the fetus are rather biological. Multiple births (twins, triplets, etc..) And congenital malformations associated with prematurity as much as IUGR, while an infection of the fetus is primarily associated with prematurity.

Factors relating to the mother are more numerous and complex. Besides genetic factors, nutritional status (underweight mother's early pregnancy, poor weight gain during pregnancy), its small size (less than 5 feet), age (under 20 or over 40 years) and lifestyle (smoking, alcohol and drugs) affect the weight of the newborn. Health problems of the mother during pregnancy may also be involved such as hypertension of pregnancy, when poorly controlled asthma, the problems of the placenta and the cervix, and urinary or genital infections.

These infections are primarily associated with prematurity. We must also consider the work physically demanding during pregnancy, exposure to a toxic environment and the quality and quantity of prenatal care. In addition, high anxiety or depression may also be associated with a lower birth weight. Finally, when the mother saw a lot of stress (death of a family) or chronic such as domestic violence or if she lives in a neighborhood she perceives as dangerous (unsafe), it could risk more than give birth to a baby low birthweight.

How to prevent low-weight births:

Quality food, balanced and diversified during pregnancy contributes to a good birth weight. Do not smoke or stop smoking is highly effective in preventing a birth weight babies. Avoid excessive exercise, adequate monitoring of pregnancy and treatment of infections and other health problems during pregnancy also help prevent this problem.

In addition, make sure to have support around you to better cope with stress that can not be avoided will help to complete a good baby weight. Some public health programs also contribute to a better pregnancy outcome such as moving or preventive leave the pregnant woman is exposed to an unsafe working environment or programs of nutritional supplements for undernourished women. Programs offered by local CSSS that combine several actions intensively may also help expectant mothers at risk.

The development of your toddler from 31 to 32 months

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Your toddler is now a basic knowledge of rules and your lifestyle. So do not be surprised if he notices when another child has the right to have a candy before dinner or if you skip the bath one night. Keep the rules of life consistent. Explain any change of pace so that your child accepts it better.

He adapts his language

As your toddler becomes aware of others, he began to adapt his language to his interlocutor. It will change its vocabulary and tone of his voice as he speaks to a child or an adult. Sometimes, he will use simpler language when speaking to a child younger than him.

Little lies

At this age, the lines between reality and fiction is still unclear. Your toddler can tell you that he did not scribble on the wall because he would not have done. It does not lie deliberately! Encourage him to tell you what really happened without appearing nervous or frustrated. Explain that his lie is worse than anything he could do. If he is not afraid to tell you the truth, you will avoid the spiral of lies.

Answer questions

At this age, you sometimes have to answer difficult questions about the conception of babies. Avoid metaphors and other euphemisms and go straight to the point. When asked "How are babies made?", Answer something like: "When Mom and Dad love each other very hard, he makes a baby growing in mom's tummy. "No need to go into details at this age. Your explanations will be more complicated, the more likely to disrupt or even scare your toddler.

The development of your toddler of 21 months

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He participates in the life of the house

Your baby or toddler of 21 months loves probably change the furniture around, help with household chores and playing with his own shelves, table and chairs. It may also be able to put on his clothes by himself, to wash and dry your hands, or brushing teeth with a little help.

Is he ready for potty training?

Between 18 months and 2 years, the child knows when he will urinate or have a bowel movement. You will also notice there are signs he wants to go to the bathroom: he squatted perhaps or squirms away. But even knowing what happens, it does not mean ready to go on the potty. To see if your toddler is ready for the pot, check out our list of signs that the child is ready for potty training.

He wants to do everything as a "great"

If it stings anger and seeks to explore the world, your toddler of 21 months also wants things his way. This indicates that it grows and feels confident enough to fend for himself. Respect the preferences and interests of your child. Try to give him certain desires, like putting jam on her toast or choose the outfit that wants to wear. Make it clear that as things like behavior that is contrary to safety, are not negotiable.

Establish and follow routines

Some children will be reassured if they eat and go to bed at set times. Routines can also make your life easier. If your toddler knows what to expect each day, you certainly oppose less resistance. Also, if you do the same things the same way, you save time every day.

The development of your toddler of 14 months

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The developmental milestones

Your toddler may know how "goodbye" to the hand and is probably capable of rolling a ball to play with an adult. About half of children this age know drinking from a cup and some are beginning to want to help in the house. Your little one may come to stand alone, probably knows bend down and stand up or walk backwards. He may say more words and learn a little more each day. He also begins to be clear about what he wants and will work to get it.

He states his wishes and desires

Your toddler is particularly tempted by everything you forbid it, so much better! Try to make your home safe for his explorations, he makes life easier for both. Protect your outlets, close your furniture low-key and place the fragile ornaments out of reach. Thus, he will risk nothing and you'll be more relaxed in everyday life. You can totally let him down to a small closet that has fun. Fill him with objects that have nothing to fear and he can touch: plastic containers, toys or empty boxes (changing them from time to time for variety). By playing your toddler discovers the world.

He loves to eat

Do not expect that your toddler eats like an adult! Eating, like everything that your toddler is, is an experience that is part of learning. He tries to better reflect his spoon - which is essential to eat - but he is also interested in the texture of the egg, or what happens when he throws the grapes on the floor or furniture. Protect the floor under his chair, offer her more healthy foods to taste and let him choose what to eat.

He is very attached to his teddy

Your child needs to be reassured, either by his favorite stuffed rabbit, his blanket or two at a time. These objects called "transitional" constitute for him a source of comfort, especially when you are absent. Pediatricians often recommend that parents encourage the use of blanket. While your child is trying to learn new skills every day, with varying degrees of success, he needs his security blanket to reassure him.

The development of your toddler from 29 to 30 months

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The main stages

Your toddler is now surely be able to don a dress alone, and appoint six body parts. He knows perhaps stand on one foot or recognize a color.

Greater curiosity on the other

At this age, most toddlers can call another child by his first name. Growing up, small perceive better and better what others think and feel and more likely to play with their peers.

Encourage creativity

The disorder is inseparable from the artistic expression of your child. Do not worry about the chaos that seems to accompany its creative discoveries. When he finishes an activity, you can make him understand that the storage part of the game And even though his masterpiece is like nothing else than the scribbling, show you're proud of him. You'll help your toddler to have confidence in him that leads him to express himself more and more.

Talk to your toddler

Help your toddler to talk about building real conversations with him. For example, if your child says, "fast car", answer him: "Yes, this red car down the street very quickly. "Enrich your vocabulary by offering new words, and help him create more elaborate sentences: it will soon be able to do like you!

Potty training

Questions about cleanliness? Come see our complete file on the Potty! If you have not yet reached this stage, do not worry! At this age, many toddlers, especially boys, are not ready for the pot. Be aware for signs that let you know when your toddler is ready to leave their coats!