<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><?xml-stylesheet href="http://www.blogger.com/styles/atom.css" type="text/css"?><feed xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom' xmlns:openSearch='http://a9.com/-/spec/opensearchrss/1.0/' xmlns:blogger='http://schemas.google.com/blogger/2008' xmlns:georss='http://www.georss.org/georss' xmlns:gd="http://schemas.google.com/g/2005" xmlns:thr='http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0'><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-398399413071556406</id><updated>2024-11-08T15:55:13.127+01:00</updated><category term="Sociales 3 y 4 H"/><category term="ARTÍCULOS"/><category term="CASTELAR 2012"/><category term="Winchester 2012"/><category term="Sociales 4 H"/><title type='text'>SECONDARY EDUCATION&#39;S BLOG</title><subtitle type='html'>SECONDARY EDUCATION&#39;S BLOG</subtitle><link rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#feed' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://diario1esob.blogspot.com/feeds/posts/default'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/398399413071556406/posts/default?redirect=false'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://diario1esob.blogspot.com/'/><link rel='hub' href='http://pubsubhubbub.appspot.com/'/><author><name>Anonymous</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/06101323112179821359</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><generator version='7.00' uri='http://www.blogger.com'>Blogger</generator><openSearch:totalResults>23</openSearch:totalResults><openSearch:startIndex>1</openSearch:startIndex><openSearch:itemsPerPage>25</openSearch:itemsPerPage><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-398399413071556406.post-7693196074704190277</id><published>2012-10-17T02:12:00.001+02:00</published><updated>2012-10-17T02:35:38.068+02:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="ARTÍCULOS"/><title type='text'>RED BULL STRATOS: FELIX BAUMGARTNER GOT BROKE THE SOUNDBARRIER </title><content type='html'>&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;iframe allowfullscreen=&quot;allowfullscreen&quot; frameborder=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;315&quot; src=&quot;http://www.youtube.com/embed/FHtvDA0W34I?list=PLnuf8iyXggLF2b7bYQU5s2FqW1sLE1ywh&amp;amp;hl=es_ES&quot; width=&quot;560&quot;&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;The list of records that has surpassed &lt;b&gt;Felix Baumgartner&lt;/b&gt; seems not yet finished after the first 24 hours of the historic launch vacuum of the Austrian.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhsCDYCtOY3tPZDyyrqMF3mlgsqSuQcygHJxpsw6ZrOo46fbMqxnvUp6_3Q3OK8gqirE7a8lvVD_oZd3B1k-QyU-AGKTSjINl8LJCkGSpW6D7UZ9hWhHLirlIzE86xjAyy9mifWj79_Acs/s1600/stratos_logo%5B1%5D.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;320&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhsCDYCtOY3tPZDyyrqMF3mlgsqSuQcygHJxpsw6ZrOo46fbMqxnvUp6_3Q3OK8gqirE7a8lvVD_oZd3B1k-QyU-AGKTSjINl8LJCkGSpW6D7UZ9hWhHLirlIzE86xjAyy9mifWj79_Acs/s320/stratos_logo%5B1%5D.jpg&quot; width=&quot;109&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Lacking that may confirm the International Aeronautical Federation, is expected to do it in the next weeks, Baumgartner has got three world records: the first man to break the sound barrier in free fall (reached 1342 km / h ), surpassed the longest distance in freefall (38,900 meters) so it is the highest pilot that has came on board a manned balloon (39,045 meters).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;The Felix Baumgartner feat hasn&#39;t been there and is the parachutist also has broken audience records on TV and Internet.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/media/5977467/RedBullStratos-Article-580-327.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;180&quot; src=&quot;http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/media/5977467/RedBullStratos-Article-580-327.jpg&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;In Spain and through of Teledeporte, 4.3 million people watched the jump (27.8% share). Baumgartner had an average audience of 1.8 million people (13.5 percent of the share) and an accumulated audience (people who watched at least one minute of the broadcast) of 5.6 million people.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;The big record audience arrived through Internet. The live broadcast of the YouTube site got to reach an audience of more than 8 million people, which has become a paratrooper in the fall issue more simultaneous viewers of the history of the portal, as reported in the official blog Google video page. YouTube, which ran for more than two hours the feat, congratulated Baumgartner and the Red Bull team who coordinated the mission.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;article of: &lt;b&gt;rtve.es (adapted)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://diario1esob.blogspot.com/feeds/7693196074704190277/comments/default' title='Enviar comentarios'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://diario1esob.blogspot.com/2012/10/red-bull-stratos-felix-baumgartner-got.html#comment-form' title='0 comentarios'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/398399413071556406/posts/default/7693196074704190277'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/398399413071556406/posts/default/7693196074704190277'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://diario1esob.blogspot.com/2012/10/red-bull-stratos-felix-baumgartner-got.html' title='RED BULL STRATOS: FELIX BAUMGARTNER GOT BROKE THE SOUNDBARRIER '/><author><name>Anonymous</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/06101323112179821359</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://img.youtube.com/vi/FHtvDA0W34I/default.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total><georss:featurename>Roswell, Nuevo México, EEUU</georss:featurename><georss:point>33.3942655 -104.5230242</georss:point><georss:box>33.2882095 -104.68095269999999 33.500321500000005 -104.3650957</georss:box></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-398399413071556406.post-7462202964529299910</id><published>2012-07-03T00:17:00.001+02:00</published><updated>2012-07-03T00:17:09.101+02:00</updated><title type='text'>WE ARE THE CAMPIOOOOOONS</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhwtjyy-QqOYHBhgQMp-46fcSdESDt0NXDzo1xxXYM10RJuGQxDOdYSp_lsyTtZq1P7mBDyvvfK-tbs9o3R4isxiCkFZsNaPnUcd0NHOyWMC3yikUs1ytIQIIQdiOPmx_tekZ5tTQcYWFc/s1600/Sin+ti%CC%81tulo.png&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;609&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhwtjyy-QqOYHBhgQMp-46fcSdESDt0NXDzo1xxXYM10RJuGQxDOdYSp_lsyTtZq1P7mBDyvvfK-tbs9o3R4isxiCkFZsNaPnUcd0NHOyWMC3yikUs1ytIQIIQdiOPmx_tekZ5tTQcYWFc/s640/Sin+ti%CC%81tulo.png&quot; width=&quot;640&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://diario1esob.blogspot.com/feeds/7462202964529299910/comments/default' title='Enviar comentarios'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://diario1esob.blogspot.com/2012/07/we-are-campioooooons.html#comment-form' title='0 comentarios'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/398399413071556406/posts/default/7462202964529299910'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/398399413071556406/posts/default/7462202964529299910'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://diario1esob.blogspot.com/2012/07/we-are-campioooooons.html' title='WE ARE THE CAMPIOOOOOONS'/><author><name>Anonymous</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/06101323112179821359</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhwtjyy-QqOYHBhgQMp-46fcSdESDt0NXDzo1xxXYM10RJuGQxDOdYSp_lsyTtZq1P7mBDyvvfK-tbs9o3R4isxiCkFZsNaPnUcd0NHOyWMC3yikUs1ytIQIIQdiOPmx_tekZ5tTQcYWFc/s72-c/Sin+ti%CC%81tulo.png" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-398399413071556406.post-2372232378112949731</id><published>2012-06-26T16:08:00.000+02:00</published><updated>2012-10-17T02:16:53.874+02:00</updated><title type='text'>ENGLISH SUMMER HOMEWORKS 2nd ESO [4 HOURS]</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi4CPkzzuPEHq3W4o1XrYDzsIZCwyYOB2_OtSA9aLoiCURqDUDmduz4NVlN0oU1qt4ivauZpKrRHFKbxDEpdvKHsxgqpHFgT3EQR3PpPS2H9cYXKruTIesvbBalLE-i-Kne0vA978HgLWY/s1600/Sin+ti%CC%81tulo.png&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;191&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi4CPkzzuPEHq3W4o1XrYDzsIZCwyYOB2_OtSA9aLoiCURqDUDmduz4NVlN0oU1qt4ivauZpKrRHFKbxDEpdvKHsxgqpHFgT3EQR3PpPS2H9cYXKruTIesvbBalLE-i-Kne0vA978HgLWY/s640/Sin+ti%CC%81tulo.png&quot; width=&quot;640&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;In here, you have the reccomended summer work that the english teacher of the 4h class has put in &quot;seguimiento de asignaturas&quot; in the school website. This is the document:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;iframe height=&quot;480&quot; src=&quot;https://docs.google.com/file/d/0Bwc_mSm_SpCCa1hncVlOMnpGVWs/preview&quot; width=&quot;640&quot;&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;If you want to download the document click here:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://sites.google.com/a/colegioscarmelitas.es/diarios-de-clase/descargas/ingles/2nd%20ESO%20RECOMMENDED%20SUMMER%20WORK%20-%20MIXED%20TENSES.doc?attredirects=0&amp;amp;d=1&quot;&gt;2nd ESO RECOMMENDED SUMMER WORK - MIXED TENSES.doc&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
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</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://diario1esob.blogspot.com/feeds/2372232378112949731/comments/default' title='Enviar comentarios'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://diario1esob.blogspot.com/2012/06/english-summer-homeworks-2nd-eso-4.html#comment-form' title='0 comentarios'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/398399413071556406/posts/default/2372232378112949731'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/398399413071556406/posts/default/2372232378112949731'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://diario1esob.blogspot.com/2012/06/english-summer-homeworks-2nd-eso-4.html' title='ENGLISH SUMMER HOMEWORKS 2nd ESO [4 HOURS]'/><author><name>Anonymous</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/06101323112179821359</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi4CPkzzuPEHq3W4o1XrYDzsIZCwyYOB2_OtSA9aLoiCURqDUDmduz4NVlN0oU1qt4ivauZpKrRHFKbxDEpdvKHsxgqpHFgT3EQR3PpPS2H9cYXKruTIesvbBalLE-i-Kne0vA978HgLWY/s72-c/Sin+ti%CC%81tulo.png" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-398399413071556406.post-8321272934271640943</id><published>2012-06-23T01:25:00.000+02:00</published><updated>2012-06-26T16:25:21.543+02:00</updated><title type='text'>LIBROS DE TEXTO SECUNDARIA 2012/13</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.iesortegayrubio.es/morph/images/stories/nuestro_centro/jefatura/fin-de-curso.gif&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;173&quot; src=&quot;http://www.iesortegayrubio.es/morph/images/stories/nuestro_centro/jefatura/fin-de-curso.gif&quot; width=&quot;200&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 18px; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: 1em; padding: 0px; text-align: -webkit-auto;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;En&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://murcia.colegioscarmelitas.es/index.php/enviar-documento/doc_download/393-libros-por-asignaturas-y-curso-eso-curso-2012-13&quot;&gt;este enlace&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;dispones de una guía para entender mejor qué libros de texto necesitarás para el próximo curso 2012-2013&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 18px; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: 1em; padding: 0px; text-align: -webkit-auto;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Y en el siguiente enlace podrás descargar los&amp;nbsp;&lt;a class=&quot;doclink&quot; href=&quot;http://murcia.colegioscarmelitas.es/index.php/enviar-documento/doc_download/395-libro-y-material-escolar-eso-curso-21012-13&quot;&gt;Libros y material escolar ESO. Curso: 2012-13&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://diario1esob.blogspot.com/feeds/8321272934271640943/comments/default' title='Enviar comentarios'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://diario1esob.blogspot.com/2012/06/libros-de-texto-secundaria-201213.html#comment-form' title='0 comentarios'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/398399413071556406/posts/default/8321272934271640943'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/398399413071556406/posts/default/8321272934271640943'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://diario1esob.blogspot.com/2012/06/libros-de-texto-secundaria-201213.html' title='LIBROS DE TEXTO SECUNDARIA 2012/13'/><author><name>Anonymous</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/06101323112179821359</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-398399413071556406.post-4713870415320389908</id><published>2012-04-01T15:00:00.000+02:00</published><updated>2012-04-01T15:40:13.019+02:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="CASTELAR 2012"/><title type='text'>TRIP TO CASTELAR</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEht1CPeATKWEHcumjpVufOM8rPfxT8Tn5vDAuKzKQ-K3GPSVPJ0lLZuOGjXBbuvObkkshzV2v2wxS0De_eC6T5d7TrNwe_JerXgsFpUxeyFY5T5uYEGzhQFF0APb302Rdv87dW_phaviT0/s1600/Sin+ti%CC%81tulo.png&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;80&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEht1CPeATKWEHcumjpVufOM8rPfxT8Tn5vDAuKzKQ-K3GPSVPJ0lLZuOGjXBbuvObkkshzV2v2wxS0De_eC6T5d7TrNwe_JerXgsFpUxeyFY5T5uYEGzhQFF0APb302Rdv87dW_phaviT0/s640/Sin+ti%CC%81tulo.png&quot; width=&quot;640&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;The last week, some students traveled to Castelar College for do the project:&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;WELCOME TO LITTLE BRITAIN&lt;/b&gt;. The trip was very exciting and we had very good time. When we arrived there, we went to the rooms and we saw the school. After that, we went to the auditorium. There, the header distributed the groups. There were 4 groups: &lt;b&gt;London&lt;/b&gt;,&lt;b&gt; Cardiff&lt;/b&gt;,&lt;b&gt; Edinburgh&lt;/b&gt; and &lt;b&gt;Belfast&lt;/b&gt;. All the group&#39;s names are the name of the capitals of the countries of United Kingdom (England, Wales, Scotland and North Ireland). After that, we went to the rooms again and later we went to have lunch. Later, we had got 1 hour to rest and after, we went to the classroom. Each group had got one classroom and every afternoon, the header we changed of class. Every morning, we learn&lt;b&gt; british culture&lt;/b&gt; of the different countries of the Great Britain. Here, you have some videos that the teachers put:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;INTRODUTION OF BRITAIN &lt;/b&gt;(with Peter)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;FOOD IN BRITAIN &lt;/b&gt;(with Christine)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;SCHOOL IN BRITAIN &lt;/b&gt;(with Khristal)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;SPORTS IN BRITAIN &lt;/b&gt;(with Brenda)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;In the afternoon, we learn British &lt;b&gt;myths and legends&lt;/b&gt;. We saw, the first day:&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://myths.e2bn.org/mythsandlegends/playstory508-the-lady-of-van-lake.html&quot;&gt;The Lady of Van Lake&lt;/a&gt;, the second day:&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://myths.e2bn.org/mythsandlegends/playstory2762-sir-gawain-and-the-green-knight.html&quot;&gt;Sir Gawain and the Green Knight&lt;/a&gt;, and the third day:&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://myths.e2bn.org/mythsandlegends/playstory5639-finn-maccool-and-the-giants-causeway.html&quot;&gt;Finn MacCool and the Giant&#39;s Causeway&lt;/a&gt;. The fourth and the fifth day we didn&#39;t read any story. Every day, before the break, the classes lasted 2 hours; after the break and before the lunch lasted 1 hour and 30 minutes, the first time after 16.00 lasted 2 hours and after the snack, the classes lasted 1 hour (until the time of the dinner). After the dinner, we had got 1 hour to rest. At 23.00 we must go to the rooms and at 23.30 Michael sayed that we must turn off the light and go to sleep. The last night, at 21.00 we do a &lt;b&gt;Talents Show&lt;/b&gt;. It&#39;s very funny and all group acted in the contest. After the show, we do a disco until at 0.00. On Friday, they came there an English girls. The last day, in the morning, we went to the classroom and after, we went to the&amp;nbsp;recess. After, we had lunch and at 15.30, the header gave our the&lt;b&gt; certifications&lt;/b&gt;. At 16.15 we go out of Castelar and went to Murcia. We arrived to Murcia at 17.15.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Many people would like to return to Castelar again. &lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;The trip was very funny&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://diario1esob.blogspot.com/feeds/4713870415320389908/comments/default' title='Enviar comentarios'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://diario1esob.blogspot.com/2012/04/trip-to-castelar.html#comment-form' title='0 comentarios'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/398399413071556406/posts/default/4713870415320389908'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/398399413071556406/posts/default/4713870415320389908'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://diario1esob.blogspot.com/2012/04/trip-to-castelar.html' title='TRIP TO CASTELAR'/><author><name>Anonymous</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/06101323112179821359</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEht1CPeATKWEHcumjpVufOM8rPfxT8Tn5vDAuKzKQ-K3GPSVPJ0lLZuOGjXBbuvObkkshzV2v2wxS0De_eC6T5d7TrNwe_JerXgsFpUxeyFY5T5uYEGzhQFF0APb302Rdv87dW_phaviT0/s72-c/Sin+ti%CC%81tulo.png" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total><georss:featurename>30740 San Pedro del Pinatar, España</georss:featurename><georss:point>37.8350404 -0.7915859</georss:point><georss:box>37.7848779 -0.8705499 37.885202899999996 -0.71262189999999992</georss:box></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-398399413071556406.post-2773452227050549444</id><published>2012-03-14T18:56:00.000+01:00</published><updated>2012-03-18T02:04:58.687+01:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Sociales 4 H"/><title type='text'>LA INQUISICIÓN ESPAÑOLA</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Aquí os dejo este documental, proyectado en el colegio: &quot;&lt;b&gt;La Inquisición, una tragedia española&quot;&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;de &lt;b&gt;David Rabinovitch&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;que trata sobre lo que supuso la inquisición para la historia en España, Europa y América.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;iframe allowfullscreen=&quot;&quot; frameborder=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;360&quot; src=&quot;http://www.youtube.com/embed/QM9eONmhxTA&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; width=&quot;640&quot;&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://diario1esob.blogspot.com/feeds/2773452227050549444/comments/default' title='Enviar comentarios'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://diario1esob.blogspot.com/2012/03/la-inquisicion-espanola.html#comment-form' title='0 comentarios'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/398399413071556406/posts/default/2773452227050549444'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/398399413071556406/posts/default/2773452227050549444'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://diario1esob.blogspot.com/2012/03/la-inquisicion-espanola.html' title='LA INQUISICIÓN ESPAÑOLA'/><author><name>Anonymous</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/06101323112179821359</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://img.youtube.com/vi/QM9eONmhxTA/default.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-398399413071556406.post-8147260369820099762</id><published>2012-03-11T11:20:00.000+01:00</published><updated>2012-03-14T19:02:49.999+01:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="CASTELAR 2012"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Winchester 2012"/><title type='text'>CASTELAR COLLEGE</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.tibacb.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/04/Castelar-Logo1.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;88&quot; src=&quot;http://www.tibacb.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/04/Castelar-Logo1.jpg&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;The last week of March, some students will go to Castelar College or Winchester, in England. Here you have got some things of Castelar College:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;We was going to all week there, in the residence of Castelar. Here, you have got some photos:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.castelar.org/uploaded/galeria%20imagenes/residencia/8.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;239&quot; src=&quot;http://www.castelar.org/uploaded/galeria%20imagenes/residencia/8.jpg&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;The bedroom &amp;nbsp;(In here, you have to click for you see &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.castelar.org/esferica/residencia_castelar_01.swf&quot;&gt;the bedroom in 360º&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.castelar.org/uploaded/galeria%20imagenes/residencia/2.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;239&quot; src=&quot;http://www.castelar.org/uploaded/galeria%20imagenes/residencia/2.jpg&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;The living room&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.castelar.org/uploaded/galeria%20imagenes/residencia/6.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;239&quot; src=&quot;http://www.castelar.org/uploaded/galeria%20imagenes/residencia/6.jpg&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;The wardrobes&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.castelar.org/uploaded/galeria%20imagenes/residencia/11.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;239&quot; src=&quot;http://www.castelar.org/uploaded/galeria%20imagenes/residencia/11.jpg&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;The bathroom&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.castelar.org/uploaded/galeria%20imagenes/residencia/13.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;239&quot; src=&quot;http://www.castelar.org/uploaded/galeria%20imagenes/residencia/13.jpg&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;The dining room&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Also, you have got in here some photos of the center:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.castelar.org/uploaded/galeria%20imagenes/centro/1.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;239&quot; src=&quot;http://www.castelar.org/uploaded/galeria%20imagenes/centro/1.jpg&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;The build&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.castelar.org/uploaded/galeria%20imagenes/centro/27.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;238&quot; src=&quot;http://www.castelar.org/uploaded/galeria%20imagenes/centro/27.jpg&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;The football court&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.castelar.org/uploaded/galeria%20imagenes/centro/30.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;239&quot; src=&quot;http://www.castelar.org/uploaded/galeria%20imagenes/centro/30.jpg&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;The swimming pool&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://diario1esob.blogspot.com/feeds/8147260369820099762/comments/default' title='Enviar comentarios'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://diario1esob.blogspot.com/2012/03/castelar-college.html#comment-form' title='1 comentarios'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/398399413071556406/posts/default/8147260369820099762'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/398399413071556406/posts/default/8147260369820099762'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://diario1esob.blogspot.com/2012/03/castelar-college.html' title='CASTELAR COLLEGE'/><author><name>Anonymous</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/06101323112179821359</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>1</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-398399413071556406.post-3870501897056672286</id><published>2012-02-18T19:36:00.000+01:00</published><updated>2012-03-14T19:38:35.314+01:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Sociales 3 y 4 H"/><title type='text'>EL HUMANISMO</title><content type='html'>&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;a class=&quot;image&quot; href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archivo:Lorenzo_Valla.JPG&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;br class=&quot;Apple-interchange-newline&quot; /&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;thumbimage&quot; height=&quot;308&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Lorenzo_Valla.JPG/250px-Lorenzo_Valla.JPG&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;&quot; width=&quot;250&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;a class=&quot;internal&quot; href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archivo:Lorenzo_Valla.JPG&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-image: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; color: #0b0080; display: block; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Aumentar&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;&quot; height=&quot;11&quot; src=&quot;http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.18/common/images/magnify-clip.png&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-color: initial; border-image: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; border-width: initial; display: block; vertical-align: middle;&quot; width=&quot;15&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Con humanistas como&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lorenzo_Valla&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Lorenzo Valla&quot;&gt;Lorenzo Valla&lt;/a&gt;, quien en su&amp;nbsp;&lt;i&gt;De elegantia linguae latinae&lt;/i&gt;&amp;nbsp;escribe una gramática del latín clásico de base científica, y otros intelectuales del&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renacimiento&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Renacimiento&quot;&gt;Renacimiento&lt;/a&gt;, comienza la&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filolog%C3%ADa&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Filología&quot;&gt;filología&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;moderna y se redescubre la antigüedad grecolatina.&lt;/div&gt;
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El&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;humanismo&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;es un movimiento intelectual,&amp;nbsp;&lt;a class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filos%C3%B3fico&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Filosófico&quot;&gt;filosófico&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;y&amp;nbsp;&lt;a class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultural&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Cultural&quot;&gt;cultural&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;europeo estrechamente ligado al&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renacimiento&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Renacimiento&quot;&gt;Renacimiento&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;cuyo origen se sitúa en el&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siglo_XIV&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Siglo XIV&quot;&gt;siglo XIV&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;en la&amp;nbsp;&lt;a class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pen%C3%ADnsula_It%C3%A1lica&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Península Itálica&quot;&gt;península Itálica&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;(especialmente en&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florencia&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Florencia&quot;&gt;Florencia&lt;/a&gt;,&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roma&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Roma&quot;&gt;Roma&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;y&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venecia&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Venecia&quot;&gt;Venecia&lt;/a&gt;) en personalidades como&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dante_Alighieri&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Dante Alighieri&quot;&gt;Dante Alighieri&lt;/a&gt;,&amp;nbsp;&lt;a class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francesco_Petrarca&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Francesco Petrarca&quot;&gt;Francesco Petrarca&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;y&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giovanni_Boccaccio&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Giovanni Boccaccio&quot;&gt;Giovanni Boccaccio&lt;/a&gt;. Buscan la Antigüedad Clásica y retoma el antiguo humanismo griego del siglo de oro y mantiene su hegemonía en buena parte de Europa hasta fines del&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siglo_XVI&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Siglo XVI&quot;&gt;siglo XVI&lt;/a&gt;, cuando se fue transformando y diversificando a merced de los cambios espirituales provocados por la evolución social e ideológica de&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europa&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Europa&quot;&gt;Europa&lt;/a&gt;, fundamentalmente al coludir con los principios propugnados por las&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reforma_Protestante&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Reforma Protestante&quot;&gt;reformas&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;(luterana, calvinista, etc.), la&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contrarreforma&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Contrarreforma&quot;&gt;Contrarreforma&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;católica, la&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilustraci%C3%B3n&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Ilustración&quot;&gt;Ilustración&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;y la&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revoluci%C3%B3n_francesa&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Revolución francesa&quot;&gt;Revolución francesa&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;del&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siglo_XVIII&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Siglo XVIII&quot;&gt;siglo XVIII&lt;/a&gt;. El movimiento, fundamentalmente ideológico, tuvo así mismo una estética impresa paralela, plasmada, por ejemplo, en un nuevo tipo de letra, la redonda conocida como&amp;nbsp;&lt;i&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;new&quot; href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Letra_human%C3%ADstica&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;redlink=1&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #a55858; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Letra humanística (aún no redactado)&quot;&gt;letra humanística&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;, imitada de la&amp;nbsp;&lt;a class=&quot;new&quot; href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Letra_uncial&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;redlink=1&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #a55858; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Letra uncial (aún no redactado)&quot;&gt;letra uncial&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;latina antigua, que vino a sustituir poco a poco a la&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Letra_g%C3%B3tica&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Letra gótica&quot;&gt;letra gótica&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;medieval.&lt;/div&gt;
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La expresión&amp;nbsp;&lt;i&gt;studia humanitatis&lt;/i&gt;&amp;nbsp;fue contrapuesta por&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coluccio_Salutati&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Coluccio Salutati&quot;&gt;Coluccio Salutati&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;a los estudios&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teolog%C3%ADa&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Teología&quot;&gt;teológicos&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;y&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Escol%C3%A1stica&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Escolástica&quot;&gt;escolásticos&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;cuando tuvo que hablar de las inclinaciones intelectuales de su amigo&amp;nbsp;&lt;a class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francesco_Petrarca&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Francesco Petrarca&quot;&gt;Francesco Petrarca&lt;/a&gt;; en éste,&amp;nbsp;&lt;i&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;new&quot; href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Humanitas&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;redlink=1&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #a55858; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Humanitas (aún no redactado)&quot;&gt;humanitas&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&amp;nbsp;significaba propiamente lo que el término griego&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filantrop%C3%ADa&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Filantropía&quot;&gt;filantropía&lt;/a&gt;, amor hacia nuestros semejantes, pero en él el término estaba rigurosamente unido a las&amp;nbsp;&lt;i&gt;litterae&lt;/i&gt;&amp;nbsp;o estudio de las letras clásicas. En el siglo XIX se creó el neologismo germánico&amp;nbsp;&lt;i&gt;Humanismus&lt;/i&gt;&amp;nbsp;para designar una teoría de la educación en 1808, término que se utilizó después, sin embargo, como opuesto a la&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Escol%C3%A1stica&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Escolástica&quot;&gt;escolástica&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;(1841) para, finalmente, (1859) aplicarlo al periodo del resurgir de los estudios clásicos por&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georg_Voigt&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Georg Voigt&quot;&gt;Georg Voigt&lt;/a&gt;, cuyo libro sobre este periodo llevaba el subtítulo de&amp;nbsp;&lt;i&gt;El primer siglo del Humanismo&lt;/i&gt;, obra que fue durante un siglo considerada fundamental sobre este tema.&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;a name=&#39;more&#39;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;El Humanismo propugnaba, frente al canon eclesiástico en prosa, que imitaba el pobre latín tardío de los&amp;nbsp;&lt;a class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santos_Padres&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Santos Padres&quot;&gt;Santos Padres&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;y el simple vocabulario y sintaxis de los textos bíblicos traducidos, los&amp;nbsp;&lt;i&gt;studia humanitatis&lt;/i&gt;, una formación íntegra del hombre en todos los aspectos fundada en las fuentes clásicas grecolatinas, muchas de ellas entonces buscadas en las bibliotecas monásticas y descubiertas entonces en los monasterios de todo el continente europeo. En pocos casos estos textos fueron traducidos gracias al trabajo de entre otros&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Averroes&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Averroes&quot;&gt;Averroes&lt;/a&gt;y a la infatigable búsqueda de manuscritos por eruditos monjes humanistas en los monasterios de toda Europa. La labor estaba destinada a acceder así a un latín más puro, brillante y genuino, y al redescubrimiento del griego gracias al forzado exilio a Europa de los sabios bizantinos al caer&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constantinopla&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Constantinopla&quot;&gt;Constantinopla&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;y el Imperio de Oriente en poder de los turcos otomanos en 1453. La segunda y local tarea fue buscar restos materiales de la Antigüedad Clásica en el segundo tercio del siglo XV,en lugares con ricos yacimientos, y estudiarlos con los rudimentos de la metodología de la&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arqueolog%C3%ADa&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Arqueología&quot;&gt;Arqueología&lt;/a&gt;, para conocer mejor la escultura y arquitectura. En consecuencia el humanismo debía restaurar todas las disciplinas que ayudaran a un mejor conocimiento y comprensión de estos autores de la Antigüedad Clásica, a la que se consideraba un modelo de conocimiento más puro que el debilitado en la Edad Media, para recrear las escuelas de pensamiento filosófico grecolatino e imitar el estilo y lengua de los escritores clásicos, y por ello se desarrollaron extraordinariamente la&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gram%C3%A1tica&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Gramática&quot;&gt;gramática&lt;/a&gt;, la&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ret%C3%B3rica&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Retórica&quot;&gt;retórica&lt;/a&gt;, la&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Literatura&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Literatura&quot;&gt;literatura&lt;/a&gt;, la&amp;nbsp;&lt;a class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filosof%C3%ADa_moral&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Filosofía moral&quot;&gt;filosofía moral&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;y la&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historia&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Historia&quot;&gt;historia&lt;/a&gt;, ciencias ligadas estrechamente al espíritu humano, en el marco general de la filosofía: las artes liberales o todos los saberes dignos del hombre libre frente al dogmatismo cerrado de la teología, expuesto en sistemáticos y abstractos&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tratado&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Tratado&quot;&gt;tratados&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;que excluían la multiplicidad de perspectivas y la palabra viva y oral del&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Di%C3%A1logo&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Diálogo&quot;&gt;diálogo&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;y la&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ep%C3%ADstola&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Epístola&quot;&gt;epístola&lt;/a&gt;, típicos géneros literarios humanísticos, junto a la&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biograf%C3%ADa&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Biografía&quot;&gt;biografía&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;de héroes y personajes célebres, que testimonia el interés por lo humano frente a la&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hagiograf%C3%ADa&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Hagiografía&quot;&gt;hagiografía&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;o vida de santos medievales, y la&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitolog%C3%ADa&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Mitología&quot;&gt;mitología&lt;/a&gt;, que representa un rico repertorio de la conducta humana más sugerente para los humanistas que las castrantes&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leyenda&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Leyenda&quot;&gt;leyendas&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;piadosas, vidas de santos y&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hagiograf%C3%ADa&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Hagiografía&quot;&gt;hagiografías&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;de&amp;nbsp;&lt;a class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacopo_della_Voragine&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Jacopo della Voragine&quot;&gt;Jacopo della Voragine&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;y su leidísima&amp;nbsp;&lt;i&gt;Leyenda dorada&lt;/i&gt;. Este tipo de formación se sigue considerando aún hoy como humanista.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;&quot;&gt;
Para ello los humanistas imitaron el estilo y el pensamiento grecolatinos de dos formas diferentes: la llamada&amp;nbsp;&lt;i&gt;imitatio ciceroniana&lt;/i&gt;, o imitación de un solo autor como modelo de toda la cultura clásica,&amp;nbsp;&lt;a class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cicer%C3%B3n&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Cicerón&quot;&gt;Cicerón&lt;/a&gt;, impulsada por los humanistas italianos, y la&amp;nbsp;&lt;i&gt;imitatio eclectica&lt;/i&gt;, o imitación de lo mejor de cada autor grecolatino, propugnada por algunos humanistas encabezados por&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erasmo_de_Rotterdam&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Erasmo de Rotterdam&quot;&gt;Erasmo de Rotterdam&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;table class=&quot;toc&quot; id=&quot;toc&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: black; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 19px; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-left: 5px; padding-right: 5px; padding-top: 5px;&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;div id=&quot;toctitle&quot; style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;h2 style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; border-width: initial; display: inline; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 0.6em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; width: auto;&quot;&gt;

Contenido&lt;/h2&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;span class=&quot;toctoggle&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 11px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;[&lt;a class=&quot;internal&quot; href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanismo#&quot; id=&quot;togglelink&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;ocultar&lt;/a&gt;]&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;ul style=&quot;line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: none; list-style-type: none; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;toclevel-1 tocsection-1&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanismo#Factores_que_favorecieron_el_humanismo&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;tocnumber&quot;&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span class=&quot;toctext&quot;&gt;Factores que favorecieron el humanismo&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;toclevel-1 tocsection-2&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanismo#Rasgos_del_humanismo&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;tocnumber&quot;&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span class=&quot;toctext&quot;&gt;Rasgos del humanismo&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;toclevel-1 tocsection-3&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanismo#Personalidades_hist.C3.B3ricas&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;tocnumber&quot;&gt;3&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span class=&quot;toctext&quot;&gt;Personalidades históricas&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;toclevel-1 tocsection-4&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanismo#V.C3.A9ase_tambi.C3.A9n&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;tocnumber&quot;&gt;4&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span class=&quot;toctext&quot;&gt;Véase también&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;toclevel-1 tocsection-5&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanismo#Bibliograf.C3.ADa&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;tocnumber&quot;&gt;5&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span class=&quot;toctext&quot;&gt;Bibliografía&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;toclevel-1 tocsection-6&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanismo#Enlaces_externos&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;tocnumber&quot;&gt;6&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span class=&quot;toctext&quot;&gt;Enlaces externos&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;h2 style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 19px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.6em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;&quot;&gt;

&lt;span class=&quot;editsection&quot; style=&quot;float: right; font-size: 13px; margin-left: 5px;&quot;&gt;[&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Humanismo&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=1&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Editar sección: Factores que favorecieron el humanismo&quot;&gt;editar&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mw-headline&quot; id=&quot;Factores_que_favorecieron_el_humanismo&quot;&gt;Factores que favorecieron el humanismo&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;&quot;&gt;
Después de grandes debates y polémicas, a partir del siglo XV el movimiento humanista se vio favorecido por varios factores:&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;ul style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; list-style-image: url(data:image/png; list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em;&quot;&gt;La emigración de sabios bizantinos: debido a que el&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperio_bizantino&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Imperio bizantino&quot;&gt;Imperio bizantino&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;estaba siendo asediado por los turcos, muchos de ellos buscaron refugio en&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europa_Occidental&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Europa Occidental&quot;&gt;Europa Occidental&lt;/a&gt;, especialmente en&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italia&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Italia&quot;&gt;Italia&lt;/a&gt;, llevando con ellos textos griegos, promoviendo la difusión de la cultura, los valores y el idioma griego. Por ejemplo,&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manuel_Crisoloras&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Manuel Crisoloras&quot;&gt;Manuel Crisoloras&lt;/a&gt;, erudito griego de Constantinopla, que enseñó griego en Florencia desde el año 1396 al 1400 y escribió para uso de sus discípulos la obra&amp;nbsp;&lt;i&gt;Cuestiones de la Lengua griega&lt;/i&gt;, basándose en la&amp;nbsp;&lt;i&gt;Gramática&lt;/i&gt;&amp;nbsp;de&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dionisio_de_Tracia&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Dionisio de Tracia&quot;&gt;Dionisio Tracio&lt;/a&gt;; su discípulo&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonardo_Bruni&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Leonardo Bruni&quot;&gt;Leonardo Bruni&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;(1370-1444) fue el primero que hizo traducciones del griego al latín a gran escala, como también&amp;nbsp;&lt;a class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ambrosio_Traversario&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Ambrosio Traversario&quot;&gt;Ambrosio Traversario&lt;/a&gt;, quien además recomendó a&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosme_de_M%C3%A9dici&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Cosme de Médici&quot;&gt;Cosme de Médici&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;que adquiriera doscientos códices griegos de Bizancio o&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francesco_Filelfo&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Francesco Filelfo&quot;&gt;Francesco Filelfo&lt;/a&gt;, que se llevó el mismo muchos otros.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;ul style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; list-style-image: url(data:image/png; list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em;&quot;&gt;La invención de la&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imprenta&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Imprenta&quot;&gt;imprenta&lt;/a&gt;: este invento de&amp;nbsp;&lt;a class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gutenberg&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Gutenberg&quot;&gt;Gutenberg&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;permitió el abaratamiento del costo y la difusión de los libros, garantizando la difusión masiva de las ideas humanistas y la aparición del sentido crítico contra el magister dixit o&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argumento_de_autoridad&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Argumento de autoridad&quot;&gt;argumento de autoridad&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;medieval.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;ul style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; list-style-image: url(data:image/png; list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em;&quot;&gt;La llegada al solio pontificio de Tomas Parentucelli, (Papa Nicolás V) y de Eneas Silvio Piccolomini, (Pío II) convierte a Roma en uno de los grandes focos del Humanismo.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;ul style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; list-style-image: url(data:image/png; list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em;&quot;&gt;La acción de los&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mecenazgo&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Mecenazgo&quot;&gt;mecenas&lt;/a&gt;: los mecenas eran personas que con su protección política, con su aprecio por el saber antiguo, con su afán coleccionista o con la remuneración económica a los humanistas para que se establecieran o costearan sus obras en la imprenta, facilitaron el desarrollo del Humanismo. Estas personas reunían obras clásicas y llamaban a eruditos conocedores de la literatura griega y romana; por si eso fuera poco, los acogían en sus palacios. Entre los mecenas más destacados sobresalen: la familia de los&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A9dici&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Médici&quot;&gt;Médici&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;de Florencia&lt;a class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lorenzo_de_M%C3%A9dicis&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Lorenzo de Médicis&quot;&gt;Lorenzo de Médicis&lt;/a&gt;, llamado el Magnífico y su hermano Juliano de Médicis, los pontífices romanos&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julio_II&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Julio II&quot;&gt;Julio II&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;y&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le%C3%B3n_X&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;León X&quot;&gt;León X&lt;/a&gt;,&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cristina_de_Suecia&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Cristina de Suecia&quot;&gt;Cristina de Suecia&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;ul style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; list-style-image: url(data:image/png; list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em;&quot;&gt;La creación de universidades, escuelas y academias: las universidades (como la de Alcalá de Henares, Lovaina, etc.) y las escuelas del siglo XV contribuyeron en gran parte a la expansión del Humanismo por toda Europa.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;h2 style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 19px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.6em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;&quot;&gt;

&lt;span class=&quot;editsection&quot; style=&quot;float: right; font-size: 13px; margin-left: 5px;&quot;&gt;[&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Humanismo&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=2&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Editar sección: Rasgos del humanismo&quot;&gt;editar&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mw-headline&quot; id=&quot;Rasgos_del_humanismo&quot;&gt;Rasgos del humanismo&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
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&lt;a class=&quot;image&quot; href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archivo:Raffael_058.jpg&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;thumbimage&quot; height=&quot;191&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Raffael_058.jpg/300px-Raffael_058.jpg&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;&quot; width=&quot;300&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;div class=&quot;magnify&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-image: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; float: right;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a class=&quot;internal&quot; href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archivo:Raffael_058.jpg&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-image: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; color: #0b0080; display: block; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Aumentar&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;&quot; height=&quot;11&quot; src=&quot;http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.18/common/images/magnify-clip.png&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-color: initial; border-image: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; border-width: initial; display: block; vertical-align: middle;&quot; width=&quot;15&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
La escuela de Atenas, fresco de&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rafael_Sanzio&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Rafael Sanzio&quot;&gt;Rafael&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;&quot;&gt;
Algunos de los rasgos ideológicos del humanismo son:&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;ul style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; list-style-image: url(data:image/png; list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em;&quot;&gt;Estudio&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filolog%C3%ADa&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Filología&quot;&gt;filológico&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;de las lenguas e interés por la recuperación de la cultura de la&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antig%C3%BCedad_cl%C3%A1sica&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Antigüedad clásica&quot;&gt;Antigüedad clásica&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em;&quot;&gt;Creaciones artísticas basadas imitación o&amp;nbsp;&lt;a class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%ADmesis&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Mímesis&quot;&gt;mímesis&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;de los maestros de la civilización&amp;nbsp;&lt;a class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civilizaci%C3%B3n_greco-romana&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Civilización greco-romana&quot;&gt;grecolatina&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em;&quot;&gt;El&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antropocentrismo&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Antropocentrismo&quot;&gt;antropocentrismo&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;o consideración de que el hombre es importante, su inteligencia el valor superior, al servicio de la fe que le une con el Creador.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em;&quot;&gt;Se restaura la fe en el hombre contemporáneo porque posee valores importantes capaz de superar a los de la Antigüedad Clásica.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em;&quot;&gt;Se vuelve a apreciar la&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celebridad&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Celebridad&quot;&gt;fama&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;como virtud de tradición clásica, el esfuerzo en la superación, y el conocimiento de lo sensorial.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em;&quot;&gt;La&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raz%C3%B3n&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Razón&quot;&gt;razón&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;humana adquiere valor supremo.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em;&quot;&gt;En las artes se valora la actividad intelectual y analítica de conocimiento. En pintura, mediante la&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perspectiva&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Perspectiva&quot;&gt;perspectiva&lt;/a&gt;, se unifica con un punto de fuga racional la escala antes expresionista de las figuras.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em;&quot;&gt;Se ponen de moda las&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biograf%C3%ADa&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Biografía&quot;&gt;biografías&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;de&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plutarco&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Plutarco&quot;&gt;Plutarco&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;y se proponen como modelos, frente al guerrero medieval, al cortesano y al caballero que combina la espada con la pluma.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em;&quot;&gt;Se ve como legítimo el deseo de fama, gloria, prestigio y poder (&lt;i&gt;El príncipe&lt;/i&gt;, de&amp;nbsp;&lt;a class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maquiavelo&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Maquiavelo&quot;&gt;Maquiavelo&lt;/a&gt;), valores paganos que mejoran al hombre. Se razona el daño del pecado que reducen al hombre al compararlo con Dios y degradan su libertad y sus valores según la moral cristiana y la&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Escol%C3%A1stica&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Escolástica&quot;&gt;escolástica&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em;&quot;&gt;El comercio no es pecado y el&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calvinismo&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Calvinismo&quot;&gt;Calvinismo&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;aprecia el éxito económico como señal de que Dios ha bendecido en la tierra a quien trabaja.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em;&quot;&gt;El&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pacifismo&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Pacifismo&quot;&gt;Pacifismo&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;o&amp;nbsp;&lt;a class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irenismo&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Irenismo&quot;&gt;irenismo&lt;/a&gt;: el odio por todo tipo de guerra.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em;&quot;&gt;El deseo de la unidad política y religiosa de Europa bajo un sólo poder político y un solo poder religioso separado del mismo: se reconoce la necesidad de separar moral y política; autoridad eterna y temporal.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em;&quot;&gt;El equilibrio en la expresión, que debe ser clara, y no recargada ni conceptuosa: «El estilo que tengo me es natural y, sin afectación ninguna, escribo como hablo; solamente tengo cuidado de usar vocablos que signifiquen bien lo que quiero decir, y dígolo cuanto más llanamente me es posible porque, a mi parecer, en ninguna lengua está bien la afectación.» (&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_de_Vald%C3%A9s&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Juan de Valdés&quot;&gt;Juan de Valdés&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em;&quot;&gt;La idealización y estilización platónica de la realidad. Se pinta la realidad mejor de lo que es, se la ennoblece (&lt;i&gt;nobilitare&lt;/i&gt;).&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em;&quot;&gt;El arte humanista toma la materia popular y la selecciona para transformarla en algo estilizado e idealizado, de la misma manera que la&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novela_pastoril&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Novela pastoril&quot;&gt;novela pastoril&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;recrea una vida campestre desprovista de las preocupaciones habituales al campesino. En el arte humanista no hay lugar para las manifestaciones vulgares de la plebe que se verán más tarde en el siglo XVII con el&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barroco&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Barroco&quot;&gt;Barroco&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em;&quot;&gt;El&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optimismo&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Optimismo&quot;&gt;optimismo&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;frente al&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pesimismo&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Pesimismo&quot;&gt;pesimismo&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;y&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milenarismo&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Milenarismo&quot;&gt;milenarismo&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;medievales. Existe fe en el hombre: la idea de que merece la pena pelear por la fama y la gloria en este mundo incita a realizar grandes hazañas y emular las del pasado. La fe se desplaza de Dios al hombre.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em;&quot;&gt;El retorno a las fuentes primigenias del saber, la lectura de los clásicos en los textos originales y no a través de la opinión que dieron sobre ellos los&amp;nbsp;&lt;a class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santos_Padres&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Santos Padres&quot;&gt;Santos Padres&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;y la religión católica.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em;&quot;&gt;La&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%B3gica_aristot%C3%A9lica&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Lógica aristotélica&quot;&gt;lógica aristotélica&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;frente al&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argumento_de_autoridad&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Argumento de autoridad&quot;&gt;argumento de autoridad&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;medieval: la&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imprenta&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Imprenta&quot;&gt;imprenta&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;multiplica los puntos de vista y los debates, enriqueciendo el debate intelectual y la comunicación de las ideas. Se ponen de moda los géneros del&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Di%C3%A1logo&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Diálogo&quot;&gt;diálogo&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;y la&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ep%C3%ADstola&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Epístola&quot;&gt;epístola&lt;/a&gt;, todo lo que suponga comunicación de ideas. Se propone la libre interpretación de la Biblia y su traducción a las lenguas vulgares (&lt;a class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lutero&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Lutero&quot;&gt;Lutero&lt;/a&gt;), frente al reduccionismo medieval de reducir su interpretación a la del Papa u obispo de Roma (&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reforma_Protestante&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Reforma Protestante&quot;&gt;Reforma&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;o&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protestantismo&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Protestantismo&quot;&gt;protestantismo&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em;&quot;&gt;Ginecolatría, alabanza y respeto por la mujer. Por ejemplo, el cuerpo desnudo de la mujer en el arte medieval representaba a Eva y al pecado; para los artistas humanistas del Renacimiento representa el goce epicúreo de la vida, el amor y la belleza (Venus).&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em;&quot;&gt;Búsqueda de una espiritualidad más humana, interior, (&lt;i&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devotio_moderna&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Devotio moderna&quot;&gt;devotio moderna&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;,&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erasmismo&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Erasmismo&quot;&gt;erasmismo&lt;/a&gt;), más libre y directa y menos externa y material.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em;&quot;&gt;El reconocimiento de los valores humanos acabando con la inquisición y el poderio de la iglesia&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
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En sus comienzos, el humanismo es un movimiento regenerador y en sus principios básicos se encuentra ya bosquejado en tiempos muy anteriores, por ejemplo, en las obras de&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Is%C3%B3crates&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Isócrates&quot;&gt;Isócrates&lt;/a&gt;, que se impuso una labor de regeneración parecida en la Grecia del siglo IV&amp;nbsp;a.&amp;nbsp;C. En tiempos modernos se encuentra estrechamente ligado al&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renacimiento&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Renacimiento&quot;&gt;Renacimiento&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;y se benefició de la diáspora de los maestros bizantinos de griego que difundieron la enseñanza de esta lengua, muy rara hasta entonces, tras la caída de Constantinopla en poder de los turcos en 1453; la imprenta y el abaratamiento de los libros subsiguiente facilitó esta difusión fuera del ámbito eclesiástico; por entonces el término humanista servía exclusivamente para designar a un profesor de lenguas clásicas. Se revitalizó durante el siglo XIX dando nombre de un movimiento que no sólo fue pedagógico, literario, estético, filosófico y religioso, sino que se convirtió en un modo de pensar y de vivir vertebrado en torno a una idea principal: en el centro del Universo está el hombre, imagen de Dios, criatura privilegiada, digna sobre todas las cosas de la Tierra (&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antropocentrismo&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Antropocentrismo&quot;&gt;antropocentrismo&lt;/a&gt;). Posteriormente, en especial en España durante la segunda mitad del siglo XVI, el antropocentrismo se adulteró en forma de un&amp;nbsp;&lt;a class=&quot;new&quot; href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cristocentrismo&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;redlink=1&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #a55858; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Cristocentrismo (aún no redactado)&quot;&gt;cristocentrismo&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;que proponía la&lt;a class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asc%C3%A9tica&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Ascética&quot;&gt;ascética&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;y la&amp;nbsp;&lt;a class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%ADstica&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Mística&quot;&gt;mística&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;como formas de vida que condujeron al desengaño&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barroco&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Barroco&quot;&gt;barroco&lt;/a&gt;, que desvirtuó durante el siglo XVII este movimiento en un principio renovador impidiendo abrir nuevos horizontes.&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://diario1esob.blogspot.com/feeds/3870501897056672286/comments/default' title='Enviar comentarios'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://diario1esob.blogspot.com/2012/02/el-humanismo.html#comment-form' title='0 comentarios'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/398399413071556406/posts/default/3870501897056672286'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/398399413071556406/posts/default/3870501897056672286'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://diario1esob.blogspot.com/2012/02/el-humanismo.html' title='EL HUMANISMO'/><author><name>Anonymous</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/06101323112179821359</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-398399413071556406.post-4252429226891675673</id><published>2012-01-19T20:26:00.000+01:00</published><updated>2012-01-19T20:30:13.319+01:00</updated><title type='text'>TELEDIARIOS DE LAS PRINCIPALES CADENAS DE TV</title><content type='html'>&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Aquí tenéis diferentes enlaces para acceder al video de los telediarios. 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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;ANTENA 3 NOTICIAS 19/01/12&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;LA SEXTA NOTICIAS&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;____________________________________________________________&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;MÁS TELEDIARIOS&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.telecinco.es/informativos/&quot;&gt;Informativos Telecinco&lt;/a&gt; &amp;nbsp;- &amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.rtve.es/alacarta/videos/la-2-noticias/&quot;&gt;La2 noticias&lt;/a&gt; &amp;nbsp;- &amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.intereconomia.com/&quot;&gt;El telediario de Intereconomía&lt;/a&gt; &amp;nbsp;- &amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.rtve.es/noticias/directo/canal-24h/&quot;&gt;Noticias 24 h&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://diario1esob.blogspot.com/feeds/4252429226891675673/comments/default' title='Enviar comentarios'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://diario1esob.blogspot.com/2012/01/telediarios-de-las-principales-cadenas.html#comment-form' title='0 comentarios'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/398399413071556406/posts/default/4252429226891675673'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/398399413071556406/posts/default/4252429226891675673'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://diario1esob.blogspot.com/2012/01/telediarios-de-las-principales-cadenas.html' title='TELEDIARIOS DE LAS PRINCIPALES CADENAS DE TV'/><author><name>Anonymous</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/06101323112179821359</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjRzL1BKwBwmHhCsUVl1FuUAf1UvmipMkys9PBWHpINpG5h_ybu5TwPDf9zaG4-MOawFj1NxnEpDzI5nKlLi1UL7G_ufvJqqSccZvXOegejM8RXf74W5uEFCkrTd-irSGRyEfqYU1Z2KTc-/s72-c/antena+3+noticias.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-398399413071556406.post-4368845244256986069</id><published>2012-01-13T17:56:00.001+01:00</published><updated>2012-01-13T18:01:03.981+01:00</updated><title type='text'>ARTÍCULO: LA CRISIS DE LA BAJA EDAD MEDIA</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
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&lt;center&gt;&lt;b&gt;Danza de la Muerte&lt;/b&gt;&lt;sup class=&quot;reference&quot; id=&quot;cite_ref-0&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crisis_de_la_Edad_Media_en_Espa%C3%B1a#cite_note-0&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;&quot;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
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&lt;a class=&quot;image&quot; href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archivo:Danzas_de_la_muerte.gif&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;Danzas de la muerte.gif&quot; height=&quot;169&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Danzas_de_la_muerte.gif/260px-Danzas_de_la_muerte.gif&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; vertical-align: middle;&quot; width=&quot;260&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;cite&gt;A la dança mortal venid los nascidos&lt;br /&gt;que en el mundo soes de qualquier estado;&lt;br /&gt;el que non quisiere a fuerça de amidos&lt;br /&gt;facerle e venir muy toste parado.&lt;br /&gt;Pues ya el freire vos ha pedricado&lt;br /&gt;que todos vayáis fazer penitencia,&lt;br /&gt;el que non quisiere poner diligencia&lt;br /&gt;por mi non puede ser mas esperado&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
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&lt;b&gt;La crisis de los siglos&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siglo_XIV&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Siglo XIV&quot;&gt;XIV&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;y&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siglo_XV&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Siglo XV&quot;&gt;XV&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt;: A finales del&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siglo_XIII&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Siglo XIII&quot;&gt;siglo XIII&lt;/a&gt;,&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europa&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Europa&quot;&gt;Europa&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;había llegado al límite del&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feudalismo&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Feudalismo&quot;&gt;modo de producción feudal&lt;/a&gt;: era cada vez más difícil alcanzar el equilibrio entre producción de alimentos y población. En el caso de los pueblos hispanos, el esfuerzo militar y repoblador de la llamada&amp;nbsp;&lt;i&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reconquista&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Reconquista&quot;&gt;Reconquista&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&amp;nbsp;había sido inmenso, el avance territorial excesivamente rápido, etc. De este modo, en el siglo XIV se rompe el precario equilibrio de todos estos elementos y se produce una crisis, que es general en toda Europa. Esta&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crisis_del_siglo_XIV&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Crisis del siglo XIV&quot;&gt;crisis del siglo XIV&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;se considera, desde el punto de vista historiográfico, como la muerte de la&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edad_Media&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Edad Media&quot;&gt;Edad Media&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;y el surgimiento de los&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edad_Moderna#Paso_de_la_Edad_Media_a_la_Edad_Moderna&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Edad Moderna&quot;&gt;Estados modernos&lt;/a&gt;. En la&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europa_Occidental&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Europa Occidental&quot;&gt;Europa Occidental&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;se configura la&amp;nbsp;&lt;a class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formaci%C3%B3n_social&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Formación social&quot;&gt;formación social&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;conocida como&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antiguo_R%C3%A9gimen&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Antiguo Régimen&quot;&gt;Antiguo Régimen&lt;/a&gt;, caracterizada por una economía en transición del&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feudalismo&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Feudalismo&quot;&gt;feudalismo&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;al&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capitalismo&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Capitalismo&quot;&gt;capitalismo&lt;/a&gt;, una&amp;nbsp;&lt;a class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sociedad_estamental&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Sociedad estamental&quot;&gt;sociedad estamental&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;y unas&amp;nbsp;&lt;a class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monarqu%C3%ADas_autoritarias&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Monarquías autoritarias&quot;&gt;monarquías autoritarias&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;que evolucionan hacia&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monarqu%C3%ADa_absoluta&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Monarquía absoluta&quot;&gt;monarquías absolutistas&lt;/a&gt;. El feudalismo no desaparece, aunque sí cambia para sobrevivir hasta el fin del Antiguo Régimen, en el&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siglo_XIX&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Siglo XIX&quot;&gt;siglo XIX&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;
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Sólo en&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inglaterra&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Inglaterra&quot;&gt;Inglaterra&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;los cambios se produjeron en una dirección peculiar, apareciendo una&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burgues%C3%ADa&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Burguesía&quot;&gt;burguesía&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;muy poderosa asociada a un comercio y una industria muy innovadores que darán a este país una ventaja de casi un siglo en todos los aspectos respecto a Europa.&lt;/div&gt;
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Hay que prevenir que la crisis es muy amplia y complicada y que afecta a todos los aspectos de la&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edad_Media&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Edad Media&quot;&gt;Edad Media&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;(económicos, políticos, sociales, culturales) sin que se pueda decir que uno de esos puntos haya desencadenado la crisis en los demás, más bien se imbrican unos fenómenos con otros. Durante el siglo XIV la crisis fue global, mientras que durante el siglo XV puede decirse que hay una recuperación económica y demográfica, pero persisten la crisis política y la social.&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;h2 style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 19px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.6em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; text-align: -webkit-auto; width: auto;&quot;&gt;

&lt;span class=&quot;mw-headline&quot; id=&quot;Crisis_econ.C3.B3mica&quot;&gt;&lt;a name=&#39;more&#39;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;Crisis económica&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
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&lt;div class=&quot;thumbinner&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; font-size: 12px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: center; width: 222px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a class=&quot;image&quot; href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archivo:Ackermann_und_Tod_cpg76_3r.jpeg&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;thumbimage&quot; height=&quot;345&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Ackermann_und_Tod_cpg76_3r.jpeg/220px-Ackermann_und_Tod_cpg76_3r.jpeg&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;&quot; width=&quot;220&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;div class=&quot;magnify&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-image: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; float: right;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a class=&quot;internal&quot; href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archivo:Ackermann_und_Tod_cpg76_3r.jpeg&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-image: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; color: #0b0080; display: block; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Aumentar&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;&quot; height=&quot;11&quot; src=&quot;http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.18/common/images/magnify-clip.png&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-color: initial; border-image: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; border-width: initial; display: block; vertical-align: middle;&quot; width=&quot;15&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Los panes todos comidos,&lt;br /&gt;
y los vedados pacidos,&lt;br /&gt;
y aun las huertas de la villa:&lt;br /&gt;
tal estrago en esperilla&lt;br /&gt;
nunca vieron los nascidos.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Las cibdades son tornadas&lt;br /&gt;
rastros e degolladeros,&lt;br /&gt;
los caminos e senderos&lt;br /&gt;
en despojos a manadas.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Los menudos van perdidos,&lt;br /&gt;
los corazones caídos&lt;br /&gt;
dan señal de maravilla;&lt;br /&gt;
en España y su cuadrilla&lt;br /&gt;
grandes daños son venidos.&lt;sup class=&quot;reference&quot; id=&quot;cite_ref-1&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crisis_de_la_Edad_Media_en_Espa%C3%B1a#cite_note-1&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;&quot;&gt;2&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;h3 style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: initial; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 17px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; text-align: -webkit-auto; width: auto;&quot;&gt;

&lt;span class=&quot;editsection&quot; style=&quot;float: right; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 5px;&quot;&gt;[&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Crisis_de_la_Edad_Media_en_Espa%C3%B1a&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=2&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Editar sección: Crisis y recuperación agraria&quot;&gt;editar&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mw-headline&quot; id=&quot;Crisis_y_recuperaci.C3.B3n_agraria&quot;&gt;Crisis y recuperación agraria&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;
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Una de las causas de la&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;crisis agraria&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;puede ser la disminución de la cosecha de cereales que sería, a su vez, consecuencia -por ejemplo- del periodo de malas condiciones climatológicas persistentes (sequías, lluvias a destiempo, agotamiento de los terrenos, crisis de subsistencias...). Desde el año&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/1301&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;1301&quot;&gt;1301&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;comienza a hablarse de los&amp;nbsp;&lt;i&gt;«malos años»&lt;/i&gt;:&lt;/div&gt;
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[...] fue en toda la tierra muy grand fambre; é los omes moriense por las plazas é por las calles de fambre, e fue tan grande la mortandad en la gente, que bien cuidaran que muriera el cuarto de toda la gente de la tierra; e tan grande era la fambre, que comían los omes pan de grama...&quot; (Crónica de&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fernando_IV_de_Castilla&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Fernando IV de Castilla&quot;&gt;Fernando IV&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em; text-align: -webkit-auto;&quot;&gt;
Textos de este tipo se repiten a lo largo de todo el siglo XIV, recogidos en las diferentes cortes de todos los reinos peninsulares. Quizá una de las más duras sea la de&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/1333&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;1333&quot;&gt;1333&lt;/a&gt;, que los&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condado_de_Barcelona&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Condado de Barcelona&quot;&gt;catalanes&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;bautizaron como&amp;nbsp;&lt;i&gt;«lo mal any primer»&lt;/i&gt;, pero sobre todo la hambruna de&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/1343&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;1343&quot;&gt;1343&lt;/a&gt;, ésta bautizada por los&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reino_de_Valencia&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Reino de Valencia&quot;&gt;valencianos&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;como&amp;nbsp;&lt;i&gt;«any de la gran fam»&lt;/i&gt;, que, sin duda, preparó la llegada de la&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peste_negra&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Peste negra&quot;&gt;Peste negra&lt;/a&gt;. Paradójicamente, la gran mortandad de la pandemia disminuyó la incidencia de las hambrunas; a pesar de lo cual, en&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/1374&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;1374&quot;&gt;1374&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;todavía el episodio se repitió en&amp;nbsp;&lt;i&gt;«la segona fam»&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;sup class=&quot;reference&quot; id=&quot;cite_ref-2&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crisis_de_la_Edad_Media_en_Espa%C3%B1a#cite_note-2&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;&quot;&gt;3&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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No obstante, la situación del pequeño y mediano campesino no fue tan precaria como pudiera parecer. Aunque todo indica que fueron quienes más sufrieron la crisis, y (de hecho) algunos sucumbieron, ya que tenían menos medios de defensa y estaban más indefensos frente a la inflación y al alza de la presión fiscal, los datos conservados indican que la pequeña propiedad libre, los llamados&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alodio&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Alodio&quot;&gt;alodios&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt;, consiguieron aguantar y subsistir en proporciones considerables.&lt;sup class=&quot;reference&quot; id=&quot;cite_ref-3&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crisis_de_la_Edad_Media_en_Espa%C3%B1a#cite_note-3&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;&quot;&gt;4&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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Por su parte, los&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;campesinos&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;más pobres, que huían de sus tierras, se juntaban en bandas de mendigos y bandoleros, o se refugiaban a las ciudades, quedándose con los trabajos peor remunerados, al no tener cualificación&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gremio&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Gremio&quot;&gt;gremial&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;alguna. Los&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concejo_(historia)&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Concejo (historia)&quot;&gt;concejos&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;pidieron a los monarcas que se rebajase la presión fiscal ante la imposibilidad de pagar las tasas. Como consecuencia, el campo sufrió una drástica reestructuración: los cultivos, los bosques, los yermos... Los propietarios cambiaron, los&amp;nbsp;&lt;a class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noble&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Noble&quot;&gt;nobles&lt;/a&gt;, el&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clero&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Clero&quot;&gt;clero&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;y la oligarquía urbana se apropiaron de numerosas tierras y, a menudo, recurrieron a los &quot;malos usos&quot; para evitar la fuga de campesinos.&lt;sup class=&quot;reference&quot; id=&quot;cite_ref-4&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crisis_de_la_Edad_Media_en_Espa%C3%B1a#cite_note-4&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;&quot;&gt;5&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&amp;nbsp;Junto a la reacción más retrógrada de ciertos&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristocracia&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Aristocracia&quot;&gt;aristócratas&lt;/a&gt;, los más avanzados optaron por formas de explotación más efectivas: el&amp;nbsp;&lt;a class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arrendamiento&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Arrendamiento&quot;&gt;arrendamiento&lt;/a&gt;, la aparcería, la parcelación y el&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dehesa&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Dehesa&quot;&gt;adehesamiento&lt;/a&gt;. Pero, lo único seguro es que, salvo en&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andaluc%C3%ADa&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Andalucía&quot;&gt;Andalucía&lt;/a&gt;, desaparecieron los grandes territorios con monocultivo cerealista.&lt;/div&gt;
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Es, precisamente, en este periodo cuando se configura el tradicional paisaje agrario peninsular, coincidiendo con la&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;Recuperación&lt;/b&gt;. En la&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meseta_Central&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Meseta Central&quot;&gt;Meseta&lt;/a&gt;la principal actividad económica sigue siendo el&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cereal&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Cereal&quot;&gt;cereal&lt;/a&gt;, aunque la aparición de lugares destinados al ganado, los nuevos sistemas de explotación y los despoblados trocean el paisaje. Pero, al mismo tiempo, surgen grandes regiones de especialización&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vino&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Vino&quot;&gt;vitivinícola&lt;/a&gt;, en el&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duero&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Duero&quot;&gt;valle del Duero&lt;/a&gt;, en&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Rioja_(Espa%C3%B1a)&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;La Rioja (España)&quot;&gt;La Rioja&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;y en&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andaluc%C3%ADa&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Andalucía&quot;&gt;Andalucía&lt;/a&gt;, sobre todo. También en Andalucía, pero a finales del siglo XV, comienza a crecer el cultivo del&amp;nbsp;&lt;a class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olivo&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Olivo&quot;&gt;olivo&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;(sobre todo en el&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aljarafe&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Aljarafe&quot;&gt;Aljarafe&lt;/a&gt;), fenómeno que se repite en&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalu%C3%B1a&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Cataluña&quot;&gt;Cataluña&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;(&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urgel_(Catalu%C3%B1a)&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Urgel (Cataluña)&quot;&gt;Urgel&lt;/a&gt;,&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarragona&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Tarragona&quot;&gt;Tarragona&lt;/a&gt;,&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ampurd%C3%A1n&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Ampurdán&quot;&gt;Ampurdán&lt;/a&gt;) y en los alrededores de&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zaragoza&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Zaragoza&quot;&gt;Zaragoza&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;(&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cinco_Villas_(Arag%C3%B3n)&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Cinco Villas (Aragón)&quot;&gt;Cinco Villas&lt;/a&gt;). La mayor presencia de&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morisco&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Morisco&quot;&gt;moriscos&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;y payeses con gran iniciativa favoreció una amplia renovación de la agricultura en la&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corona_de_Arag%C3%B3n&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Corona de Aragón&quot;&gt;Corona de Aragón&lt;/a&gt;, además de la de&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horticultura&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Horticultura&quot;&gt;horticultura&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;intensiva, en la franja que va desde&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barcelona&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Barcelona&quot;&gt;Barcelona&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;hasta&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alicante&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Alicante&quot;&gt;Alicante&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;y&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murcia&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Murcia&quot;&gt;Murcia&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;se ven plantas tintóreas,&amp;nbsp;&lt;a class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morera&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Morera&quot;&gt;moreras&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;para la&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seda&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Seda&quot;&gt;seda&lt;/a&gt;,&amp;nbsp;&lt;a class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azafr%C3%A1n&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Azafrán&quot;&gt;azafrán&lt;/a&gt;,&amp;nbsp;&lt;a class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ca%C3%B1a_de_az%C3%BAcar&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Caña de azúcar&quot;&gt;caña de azúcar&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;y&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arroz&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Arroz&quot;&gt;arroz&lt;/a&gt;, el cual aumenta en los marjales de Murcia, Castellón y Valencia justo después de la Peste negra.&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;editsection&quot; style=&quot;float: right; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 5px;&quot;&gt;[&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Crisis_de_la_Edad_Media_en_Espa%C3%B1a&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=3&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Editar sección: Expansión de la ganadería ovina&quot;&gt;editar&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mw-headline&quot; id=&quot;Expansi.C3.B3n_de_la_ganader.C3.ADa_ovina&quot;&gt;Expansión de la ganadería ovina&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;
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Antes de esta recuperación, los nobles y ricos burgueses aprovechan la tesitura para restablecer su maltrecha economía con la cría de ovejas. Lo cierto es que muchos pudientes se dedicaron a la&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganader%C3%ADa&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Ganadería&quot;&gt;ganadería&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;ovina, que era muy rentable, tanto para ellos como para los reyes, y esto ocurría desde el siglo XIII; pero, en el siglo XIV, la despoblación provocada por las crisis propició la transformación de tierras de labor en pastizales. El&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;comercio de la lana&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;se convirtió en la segunda actividad económica más importante de&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corona_de_Castilla&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Corona de Castilla&quot;&gt;Castilla&lt;/a&gt;. Tanto la nobleza como las órdenes militares poseían grandes prados al norte (&lt;i&gt;agostaderos&lt;/i&gt;) y señoríos al sur (&lt;i&gt;invernaderos&lt;/i&gt;). Cada año gigantescas manadas de ovejas churras y merinas recorrían la Península de norte a sur y de sur a norte (&lt;i&gt;ganadería trashumante&lt;/i&gt;), provocando graves destrozos en las cosechas. Es por eso que el rey&amp;nbsp;&lt;a class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfonso_X_el_Sabio&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Alfonso X el Sabio&quot;&gt;Alfonso X&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;redactó una serie de reglamentos para establecer las vías pecuarias que, desde entonces, se denominaron&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;Cañadas reales&lt;/b&gt;, y en el año&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/1273&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;1273&quot;&gt;1273&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;creó el&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concejo_de_la_Mesta&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Concejo de la Mesta&quot;&gt;Honrado Concejo de la Mesta de Pastores&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt;. El rey concedió numerosos privilegios a los nobles ganaderos en detrimento de los agricultores del pueblo llano.&lt;sup class=&quot;reference&quot; id=&quot;cite_ref-5&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crisis_de_la_Edad_Media_en_Espa%C3%B1a#cite_note-5&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;&quot;&gt;6&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&amp;nbsp;Sin embargo, no debe restarse importancia a la&amp;nbsp;&lt;i&gt;ganadería estante&lt;/i&gt;, propiedad de pequeños y medianos campesinos, además de los&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concejo_(historia)&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Concejo (historia)&quot;&gt;concejos&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;(todos fuera de la&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concejo_de_la_Mesta&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Concejo de la Mesta&quot;&gt;Mesta&lt;/a&gt;). De hecho, se estima que de los 5.000.000 de cabezas de ganado ovino que tenía la&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corona_de_Castilla&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Corona de Castilla&quot;&gt;Corona de Castilla&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;a finales del siglo XV, la ganadería trashumante y la ganadería estante se repartían equitativamente.&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;li style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;El rey&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;se beneficiaba de los numerosos impuestos que proporcionaban las Cañadas: el&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;portazgo&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;gravaba el recorrido; el&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;servicio&lt;/b&gt;, por el rebaño en sí, y el&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;montazgo&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;se aplicaba a los pastos.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
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&lt;li style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;La nobleza&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;no se quedaba atrás, ante la dificultad de continuar con sus actividades tradicionales. Viendo gran parte de sus tierras faltas de mano de obra, junto con el aumento de sus posesiones, decidió invertir en amplios rebaños de ovejas. Algunos grandes propietarios llegaron a tener de 10.000 o 15.000 cabezas de ganado.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;ul style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; list-style-image: url(data:image/png; list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: -webkit-auto;&quot;&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Los pequeños y medianos ganaderos&lt;/b&gt;: generalmente agricultores o agrupaciones concejiles (pero también la oligarquía urbana), diversificaban su economía al albur de la coyuntura favorable del comercio de la lana.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;h3 style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: initial; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 17px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; text-align: -webkit-auto; width: auto;&quot;&gt;

&lt;span class=&quot;editsection&quot; style=&quot;float: right; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 5px;&quot;&gt;[&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Crisis_de_la_Edad_Media_en_Espa%C3%B1a&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=4&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Editar sección: Artesanía y comercio&quot;&gt;editar&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mw-headline&quot; id=&quot;Artesan.C3.ADa_y_comercio&quot;&gt;Artesanía y comercio&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em; text-align: -webkit-auto;&quot;&gt;
La ganadería ovina fue uno de los desencadenantes de la recuperación económica de&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corona_de_Castilla&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Corona de Castilla&quot;&gt;Castilla&lt;/a&gt;, con la aparición y el enorme progreso de las ferias de&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medina_del_Campo&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Medina del Campo&quot;&gt;Medina del Campo&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;o&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burgos&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Burgos&quot;&gt;Burgos&lt;/a&gt;, y otros centros comerciales de la&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meseta&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Meseta&quot;&gt;Meseta&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;(&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Segovia&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Segovia&quot;&gt;Segovia&lt;/a&gt;,&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toledo&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Toledo&quot;&gt;Toledo&lt;/a&gt;,&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuenca_(Espa%C3%B1a)&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Cuenca (España)&quot;&gt;Cuenca&lt;/a&gt;...). Era el momento de dar el empujón a la manufactura local.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em; text-align: -webkit-auto;&quot;&gt;
Pero La&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guerra_de_los_Cien_A%C3%B1os&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Guerra de los Cien Años&quot;&gt;Guerra de los Cien Años&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;ralentizó y, a veces, interrumpió la exportación de lana inglesa en el resto de&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europa&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Europa&quot;&gt;Europa&lt;/a&gt;, lo que obligó a los grandes magnates del tejido europeo a recurrir a la lana castellana:&amp;nbsp;&lt;a class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flandes&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Flandes&quot;&gt;flamencos&lt;/a&gt;,&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francia&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Francia&quot;&gt;franceses&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;e&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italia&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Italia&quot;&gt;italianos&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;ofrecían por la lana merina de calidad mucho más que los pañeros locales, de modo que la actividad artesanal o bien se constriñó, o bien cayó en manos de extranjeros.&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;Castilla se convirtió en un país sin industria, dominado por una aristocracia rural y dependiente del exterior en todos los productos manufacturados&lt;/b&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;div class=&quot;thumbinner&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; font-size: 12px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: center; width: 402px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a class=&quot;image&quot; href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archivo:Imperio_de_Arag%C3%B3n.png&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;thumbimage&quot; height=&quot;131&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Imperio_de_Arag%C3%B3n.png/400px-Imperio_de_Arag%C3%B3n.png&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;&quot; width=&quot;400&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;div class=&quot;magnify&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-image: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; float: right;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a class=&quot;internal&quot; href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archivo:Imperio_de_Arag%C3%B3n.png&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-image: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; color: #0b0080; display: block; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Aumentar&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;&quot; height=&quot;11&quot; src=&quot;http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.18/common/images/magnify-clip.png&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-color: initial; border-image: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; border-width: initial; display: block; vertical-align: middle;&quot; width=&quot;15&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;center&gt;&lt;small&gt;Expansión de la&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corona_de_Arag%C3%B3n&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Corona de Aragón&quot;&gt;Corona de Aragón&lt;/a&gt;,&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siglo_XIV&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Siglo XIV&quot;&gt;siglos XIV&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;y XV&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em; text-align: -webkit-auto;&quot;&gt;
Quienes sí se beneficiaron enormemente fueron los marinos mercantes del&amp;nbsp;&lt;a class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cant%C3%A1brico&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Cantábrico&quot;&gt;Cantábrico&lt;/a&gt;, gracias a los viajes hacia los puertos&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francia&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Francia&quot;&gt;franceses&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;o&amp;nbsp;&lt;a class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flandes&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Flandes&quot;&gt;flamencos&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;(desde&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burdeos&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Burdeos&quot;&gt;Burdeos&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;a&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brujas&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Brujas&quot;&gt;Brujas&lt;/a&gt;). Las hermandades de marineros, entre las que destacan la&amp;nbsp;&lt;i&gt;Hermandad de las Marismas&lt;/i&gt;&amp;nbsp;(&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/1296&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;1296&quot;&gt;1296&lt;/a&gt;) y la&amp;nbsp;&lt;i&gt;Universidad de Mercaderes&lt;/i&gt;&amp;nbsp;(&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/1443&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;1443&quot;&gt;1443&lt;/a&gt;), reconvirtieron su tradicional actividad pesquera y mercantil de corto radio, hasta transformarse en la columna vertebral de la potencia naval castellana. De hecho, los armadores cantábricos supieron salir de su hinterland y encontrar clientes en&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italia&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Italia&quot;&gt;Italia&lt;/a&gt;,&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalu%C3%B1a&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Cataluña&quot;&gt;Cataluña&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;y&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francia&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Francia&quot;&gt;Francia&lt;/a&gt;. Si en el año&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/1340&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;1340&quot;&gt;1340&lt;/a&gt;, los&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corona_de_Castilla&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Corona de Castilla&quot;&gt;castellanos&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;tuvieron que pedir ayuda a los&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A9nova&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Génova&quot;&gt;genoveses&lt;/a&gt;, los&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalu%C3%B1a&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Cataluña&quot;&gt;catalanes&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;y los&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugal&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Portugal&quot;&gt;portugueses&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;para detener la amenaza de los&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benimerines&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Benimerines&quot;&gt;Benimerines&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;en el&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estrecho_de_Gibraltar&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Estrecho de Gibraltar&quot;&gt;estrecho&lt;/a&gt;; en pocos años la situación había dado un vuelco: en&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/1372&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;1372&quot;&gt;1372&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;los franceses pidieron ayuda a los castellanos para&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batalla_de_La_Rochelle&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Batalla de La Rochelle&quot;&gt;derrotar&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;a los ingleses en&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Rochelle&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;La Rochelle&quot;&gt;La Rochelle&lt;/a&gt;; y a finales de siglo eran los catalanes los que alquilaban barcos cantábricos para su comercio.&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;b&gt;La&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corona_de_Arag%C3%B3n&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Corona de Aragón&quot;&gt;Corona de Aragón&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;tuvo una producción manufacturera más fuerte&lt;/b&gt;, ya que poseía una rica oligarquía urbana, enriquecida gracias al comercio y la industria, pero que se sentía más cercana de la nobleza media que de la masa urbana más pobre. Además, la Corona de Aragón contaba con un&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corona_de_Arag%C3%B3n#La_expansi.C3.B3n_de_la_Corona_de_Arag.C3.B3n&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Corona de Aragón&quot;&gt;Imperio en el Mediterráneo&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;que le permitía acceder a las rutas comerciales con&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oriente&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Oriente&quot;&gt;Oriente&lt;/a&gt;. Así pudo sobrellevar la crisis económica con mejores resultados. Se desarrolló una poderosísima industria lanera que vendía en&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerde%C3%B1a&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Cerdeña&quot;&gt;Cerdeña&lt;/a&gt;,&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sicilia&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Sicilia&quot;&gt;Sicilia&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;y el&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magreb&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Magreb&quot;&gt;norte de África&lt;/a&gt;. A los paños se añade el comercio de&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Especia&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Especia&quot;&gt;especias&lt;/a&gt;, la exportación de&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hierro&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Hierro&quot;&gt;hierro&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;labrado,&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cereal&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Cereal&quot;&gt;cereales&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;y&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuero&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Cuero&quot;&gt;cuero&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;editsection&quot; style=&quot;float: right; font-size: 13px; margin-left: 5px;&quot;&gt;[&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Crisis_de_la_Edad_Media_en_Espa%C3%B1a&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=5&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Editar sección: Peste negra&quot;&gt;editar&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mw-headline&quot; id=&quot;Peste_negra&quot;&gt;Peste negra&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Artículo principal:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;a class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peste_Negra&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Peste Negra&quot;&gt;Peste Negra&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;a class=&quot;image&quot; href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archivo:Black_Death.jpg&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;thumbimage&quot; height=&quot;201&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Black_Death.jpg/300px-Black_Death.jpg&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;&quot; width=&quot;300&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;div class=&quot;magnify&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-image: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; float: right;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a class=&quot;internal&quot; href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archivo:Black_Death.jpg&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-image: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; color: #0b0080; display: block; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Aumentar&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;&quot; height=&quot;11&quot; src=&quot;http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.18/common/images/magnify-clip.png&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-color: initial; border-image: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; border-width: initial; display: block; vertical-align: middle;&quot; width=&quot;15&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
«&lt;cite&gt;En los tiempos de la pestilencia enferman más deste mal; de primero sienten grant afogamiento, e huéleles mal la boca, e están vascando, e tienen ençendimiento e vomitan feas vmores de diversas colores.&lt;br /&gt;Entonçes deuen los sanos, lo primero, conformar con la boluntat del Señor Dios, e regir sus ánimas con sanctos e claros pensamientos. E, lo principal es salir de aquella tierra onde cavsa o está cavsada la pestilencia, e lo más ante que pudiere; e asconderse del ayre quanto podiere.&lt;br /&gt;E apoque el vañarse en río nin en vaño, e vse muy poco de las mugeres. Riegen el suelo con vinagre, sofumen la casa con grasa o ençiensso, e tengan fumo de tomillo, e huelan vn paño mojado en vinagre e agua rosada; veuiendo de sus mesmas orinas cada vno algunas mañanas quanto cabe en las manos.&lt;br /&gt;E, el que sintiere algo de la pestilencia, bien es tyrar vnas seys onças de sangre en dos días. Los que sienten el mal de la landre en la yngle e en el cuerpo toviera las dichas señales, poner encima azeyte e, si más fuer menester pongan ençima pollos, o ranas, o siesos del gallo, o perrillos chicos aviertos en calientes. Sájenle en las piernas, en el sobaco, o garganta, o tras la oreja e échenle ventosas ençima de saja.&lt;/cite&gt;»&lt;sup class=&quot;reference&quot; id=&quot;cite_ref-6&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crisis_de_la_Edad_Media_en_Espa%C3%B1a#cite_note-6&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;&quot;&gt;7&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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La Peste negra es la denominación común que reciben muchas de las epidemias que sufrió Europa en el siglo XIV. Aunque se sospecha que se trata de un conjunto de enfermedades bacterianas —generalmente variantes de la&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peste_pulmonar&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Peste pulmonar&quot;&gt;Peste pulmonar&lt;/a&gt;, como la&lt;a class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peste_bub%C3%B3nica&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Peste bubónica&quot;&gt;Peste bubónica&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;y la&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sepsis&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Sepsis&quot;&gt;Peste septicémica&lt;/a&gt;; unidas quizá al&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81ntrax&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Ántrax&quot;&gt;Ántrax&lt;/a&gt;— que atacaban juntas,&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;no hay una explicación definitiva&lt;/b&gt;. Estas enfermedades vinieron de oriente transportadas por las&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rattus&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Rattus&quot;&gt;ratas negras&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;de los barcos y se habla de ellas por primera vez en el año&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/1348&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;1348&quot;&gt;1348&lt;/a&gt;. La peste tomó su nombre de uno de sus más terribles síntomas: unos&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganglio_linf%C3%A1tico&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Ganglio linfático&quot;&gt;ganglios&lt;/a&gt;, llamados&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;bubones&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;o&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;landres&lt;/b&gt;, de aspecto negruzco que, si reventaban, supuraban sangre y pus. Otros síntomas eran la fiebre alta, el dolor de cabeza, los escalofríos y los delirios. La mayoría de los enfermos morían en un plazo de 48 horas, pero afortunadamente una minoría lograban superar la enfermedad y sobrevivir, quedando&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistema_inmunitario&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Sistema inmunitario&quot;&gt;inmunizados&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;
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Los focos de&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peste&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Peste&quot;&gt;peste&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;partían de zonas costeras, pero en pocos meses afectaban a toda&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europa&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Europa&quot;&gt;Europa&lt;/a&gt;, cebándose en los peor alimentados, los heridos por las continuas guerras y los más pobres. Dicha epidemia tuvo consecuencias catastróficas incluso en campañas militares como la de&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/1347&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;1347&quot;&gt;1347&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;a&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/1348&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;1348&quot;&gt;1348&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;del rey&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luis_I_de_Hungr%C3%ADa&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Luis I de Hungría&quot;&gt;Luis I de Hungría&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;contra el&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reino_de_N%C3%A1poles&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Reino de Nápoles&quot;&gt;Reino de Nápoles&lt;/a&gt;, la cual tuvo que ser suspendida y forzó a los húngaros a regresar a su hogar. En el caso de&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espa%C3%B1a&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;España&quot;&gt;España&lt;/a&gt;, se piensa que llegó por primera vez al puerto de&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palma_de_Mallorca&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Palma de Mallorca&quot;&gt;Palma de Mallorca&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;(febrero de 1348), de allí pasó a las costas del resto de la&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corona_de_Arag%C3%B3n&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Corona de Aragón&quot;&gt;Corona de Aragón&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;(mayo de 1348) y, poco a poco, fue penetrando hacia el interior favorecida por las malas cosechas y por las guerras civiles que sufrió la&amp;nbsp;&lt;a class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pen%C3%ADnsula_Ib%C3%A9rica&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Península Ibérica&quot;&gt;Península&lt;/a&gt;; en&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corona_de_Castilla&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Corona de Castilla&quot;&gt;Castilla&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;los datos son muy escasos, aunque sabemos que en octubre la enfermedad había llegado a&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galicia&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Galicia&quot;&gt;Galicia&lt;/a&gt;. La peste volvía a atacar recurrentemente cada 8 ó 10 años (&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/1362&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;1362&quot;&gt;1362&lt;/a&gt;,&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/1371&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;1371&quot;&gt;1371&lt;/a&gt;,&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/1381&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;1381&quot;&gt;1381&lt;/a&gt;,&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/1396&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;1396&quot;&gt;1396&lt;/a&gt;... y así durante el siglo XV), cada vez con menos virulencia, tal vez por encontrarse con una población que estaba mejor alimentada o que tenía un mejor sistema inmunitario.&lt;/div&gt;
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Las zonas más afectadas eran las más pobladas, sobre todo la costa y las ciudades:&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalu%C3%B1a&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Cataluña&quot;&gt;Cataluña&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;perdió en estas epidemias casi el 40% de su población, pero&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barcelona&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Barcelona&quot;&gt;Barcelona&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;se sospecha que superó el 60% de afectados; además, toda la administración local quedó desbaratada, murieron cuatro de los cinco consellers y la mayor parte de los oficiales reales, sin que hubiera candidatos para sustituirlos. Muchos campesinos intentaron huir, lo que obligó a los nobles a recurrir a los&amp;nbsp;&lt;i&gt;&quot;malos usos&quot;&lt;/i&gt;&amp;nbsp;al amparo de las teorías de superioridad de sangre que se generalizaron en toda la&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corona_de_Arag%C3%B3n&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Corona de Aragón&quot;&gt;corona de Aragón&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;desde&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/1370&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;1370&quot;&gt;1370&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;y que se aplicaron también a artesanos y comerciantes. Sin embargo, los estudios más recientes tienden a reducir estas cifras a la mitad, considerándolas exageradas.&lt;sup class=&quot;reference&quot; id=&quot;cite_ref-7&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crisis_de_la_Edad_Media_en_Espa%C3%B1a#cite_note-7&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;&quot;&gt;8&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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En la&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meseta_Central&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Meseta Central&quot;&gt;Meseta&lt;/a&gt;, al haber menos&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Densidad_de_poblaci%C3%B3n&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Densidad de población&quot;&gt;densidad de población&lt;/a&gt;, y al ser las ciudades más pequeñas, la incidencia fue menor; estimándose un 25% de bajas (lo malo es que los datos son mucho más escasos, si exceptuamos la zona de&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andaluc%C3%ADa&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Andalucía&quot;&gt;Andalucía&lt;/a&gt;). Pero cabe destacar que el propio rey castellano,&amp;nbsp;&lt;a class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfonso_XI&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Alfonso XI&quot;&gt;Alfonso XI&lt;/a&gt;, murió de Peste negra en&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/1350&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;1350&quot;&gt;1350&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;
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Una de las consecuencias más espectaculares de la epidemia, aunque no directa, fue el abandono de pueblos enteros (&lt;i&gt;despoblados&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sup class=&quot;reference&quot; id=&quot;cite_ref-8&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crisis_de_la_Edad_Media_en_Espa%C3%B1a#cite_note-8&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;&quot;&gt;9&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&amp;nbsp;), aunque no siempre debido al exterminio de sus habitantes, pues también hay que tener en en cuenta la deserción de sus pobladores. En&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palencia&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Palencia&quot;&gt;Palencia&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;se han llegado a contabilizar 82 despoblados por las pestes de&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/1348&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;1348&quot;&gt;1348&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;y de años posteriores. En realidad este fenómeno también es común a toda Europa occidental (en&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francia&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Francia&quot;&gt;Francia&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;se llaman&amp;nbsp;&lt;i&gt;villages désertés&lt;/i&gt;; en&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alemania&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Alemania&quot;&gt;Alemania&lt;/a&gt;,&lt;i&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;extiw&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/de:W%C3%BCstung&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #663366; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;w:de:Wüstung&quot;&gt;wüstungen (en la wiki alemana)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;; en&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inglaterra&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Inglaterra&quot;&gt;Inglaterra&lt;/a&gt;,&amp;nbsp;&lt;a class=&quot;extiw&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:Deserted_medieval_village&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #663366; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;w:en:Deserted medieval village&quot;&gt;lost villages (en la wiki inglesa)&lt;/a&gt;,...); y su culmen tuvo lugar a finales del siglo XIV y principios del siglo XV. Los&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;despoblados&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;no siempre pueden asociarse a la&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peste&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Peste&quot;&gt;peste&lt;/a&gt;, pero lo seguro es que ésta fue un factor importante, junto con las hambrunas y los&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malos_usos_se%C3%B1oriales&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Malos usos señoriales&quot;&gt;malos usos señoriales&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;h2 style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 19px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.6em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; text-align: -webkit-auto; width: auto;&quot;&gt;

&lt;span class=&quot;editsection&quot; style=&quot;float: right; font-size: 13px; margin-left: 5px;&quot;&gt;[&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Crisis_de_la_Edad_Media_en_Espa%C3%B1a&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=6&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Editar sección: Crisis social&quot;&gt;editar&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mw-headline&quot; id=&quot;Crisis_social&quot;&gt;Crisis social&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;thumb tleft&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; clear: left; float: left; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 1.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 1.4em; margin-top: 0.5em; text-align: -webkit-auto; width: auto;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;thumbinner&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; font-size: 12px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: center; width: 222px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a class=&quot;image&quot; href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archivo:Flagellants.png&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;thumbimage&quot; height=&quot;171&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flagellants.png/220px-Flagellants.png&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;&quot; width=&quot;220&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;div class=&quot;magnify&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-image: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; float: right;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a class=&quot;internal&quot; href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archivo:Flagellants.png&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-image: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; color: #0b0080; display: block; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Aumentar&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;&quot; height=&quot;11&quot; src=&quot;http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.18/common/images/magnify-clip.png&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-color: initial; border-image: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; border-width: initial; display: block; vertical-align: middle;&quot; width=&quot;15&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
¡ Y los pobres lacerados&lt;br /&gt;
mostrar las carnes al cielo,&lt;br /&gt;
andar los desventurados&lt;br /&gt;
hambrientos, avergonzados,&lt;br /&gt;
teniendo por cama el suelo!&lt;sup class=&quot;reference&quot; id=&quot;cite_ref-9&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crisis_de_la_Edad_Media_en_Espa%C3%B1a#cite_note-9&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;&quot;&gt;10&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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Las dificultades afectan sobre todo a la masa social, incapaz de hacer frente a las penurias y al alza de precios. La reacción suele ser la desesperación, provocando desórdenes sociales o el refugio en lo trascendente. Hay un ambiente general muy tenso, los grupos sociales toman conciencia de su identidad y luchan encarnizadamente entre sí. Por un lado, están los problemas étnico-religiosos y por otro las luchas entre diferentes comunidades sociales. Los poderosos, que también sufrieron los rigores de la crisis, aprovecharon las circunstancias para presionar aún más a los grupos más indefensos y reforzar su posición en la sociedad. Para ello desempolvaron antiguas costumbres&amp;nbsp;&lt;a class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feudal&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Feudal&quot;&gt;feudales&lt;/a&gt;, ya olvidadas por lo duras que resultaban, es lo que denominamos&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;malos usos señoriales&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;o&amp;nbsp;&lt;i&gt;malfetrías&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;
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En general, los males se achacaban a algún tipo de castigo divino, es como si&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apocalipsis#Los_Cuatro_Jinetes_del_Apocalipsis&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Apocalipsis&quot;&gt;los cuatro jinetes del Apocalipsis&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;se cernieran sobre la Tierra, lo que exacerbó la religiosidad popular, la superstición y el fanatismo. Por un lado, proliferan las rogativas y las misas, las procesiones de&lt;i&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disciplinante&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Disciplinante&quot;&gt;disciplinantes&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;, vestidos con harapos, flagelándose y pidiendo perdón a&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dios&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Dios&quot;&gt;Dios&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;al grito de&amp;nbsp;&lt;i&gt;poenitentiam agite&lt;/i&gt;. Por otro, se produce una creciente tendencia a refugiarse en lo trascendente, a la búsqueda de respuestas en otra parte, desconfiando de la Iglesia; el caso más extremo (y en&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espa%C3%B1a&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;España&quot;&gt;España&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;muy minoritario) es la pérdida de confianza en la propia religión: la recuperación de la idea del&amp;nbsp;&lt;i&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carpe_diem&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Carpe diem&quot;&gt;Carpe diem&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;, fielmente reflejada en el&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decamer%C3%B3n&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Decamerón&quot;&gt;Decamerón&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;de Bocaccio. Curiosamente, ambas concepciones, eso sí, más meditadas teológicamente (la del arrepentimiento y la que desconfía de la&amp;nbsp;&lt;a class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iglesia_Cat%C3%B3lica&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Iglesia Católica&quot;&gt;Iglesia&lt;/a&gt;), acaban uniéndose en la futura&amp;nbsp;&lt;a class=&quot;extiw&quot; href=&quot;http://es.wikisource.org/wiki/es:Las_noventa_y_cinco_tesis&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #663366; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;s:es:Las noventa y cinco tesis&quot;&gt;Reforma Luterana&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;
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En cualquier caso, predominan las explicaciones supersticiosas y llenas de prejuicios, como quienes propusieron que un&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cometa#An.C3.A9cdotas&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Cometa&quot;&gt;cometa&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;envenenó el aire; pero la mayoría echó las culpas a las minorías no cristianas:&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morisco&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Morisco&quot;&gt;moriscos&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;y, sobre todo,&amp;nbsp;&lt;a class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jud%C3%ADo&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Judío&quot;&gt;judíos&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;
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En otro orden de cosas, sin que trate de lleno a la&amp;nbsp;&lt;a class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pen%C3%ADnsula_Ib%C3%A9rica&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Península Ibérica&quot;&gt;península Ibérica&lt;/a&gt;, es imprescindible citar el&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cisma_de_Occidente&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Cisma de Occidente&quot;&gt;Cisma de Occidente&lt;/a&gt;, ocurrido a raíz de la vuelta de los papas de&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avi%C3%B1%C3%B3n&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Aviñón&quot;&gt;Aviñón&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;a&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roma&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Roma&quot;&gt;Roma&lt;/a&gt;, en el año&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/1378&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;1378&quot;&gt;1378&lt;/a&gt;. Secundariamente, la&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corona_de_Arag%C3%B3n&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Corona de Aragón&quot;&gt;Corona de Aragón&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;se vio involucrada, al ser nombrado papa el aragonés&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benedicto_XIII_de_Avi%C3%B1%C3%B3n&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Benedicto XIII de Aviñón&quot;&gt;Benedicto XIII, también llamado el Papa Luna&lt;/a&gt;, que fue atacado y sitiado en Aviñón en&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/1403&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;1403&quot;&gt;1403&lt;/a&gt;. No obstante, su cuñado, el rey aragonés&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mart%C3%ADn_I_de_Arag%C3%B3n&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Martín I de Aragón&quot;&gt;Martín el Humano&lt;/a&gt;, le salvó y le dio refugió en&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pe%C3%B1%C3%ADscola&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Peñíscola&quot;&gt;Peñíscola&lt;/a&gt;, hasta su muerte. Tras el acuedro del&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concilio_de_Constanza&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Concilio de Constanza&quot;&gt;Concilio de Constanza&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;de deponer a los dos papas rivales, el de&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roma&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Roma&quot;&gt;Roma&lt;/a&gt;,&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregorio_XII&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Gregorio XII&quot;&gt;Gregorio XII&lt;/a&gt;, y el de&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avi%C3%B1%C3%B3n&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Aviñón&quot;&gt;Aviñón&lt;/a&gt;,&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benedicto_XIII_de_Avi%C3%B1%C3%B3n&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Benedicto XIII de Aviñón&quot;&gt;Benedicto XIII&lt;/a&gt;, para nombrar a un tercero,&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mart%C3%ADn_V&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Martín V&quot;&gt;Martín V&lt;/a&gt;, en&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/1417&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;1417&quot;&gt;1417&lt;/a&gt;. El&amp;nbsp;&lt;i&gt;Papa Luna&lt;/i&gt;&amp;nbsp;se negó a aceptar su destitución,&amp;nbsp;&lt;i&gt;manteniéndose en sus XIII&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;editsection&quot; style=&quot;float: right; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 5px;&quot;&gt;[&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Crisis_de_la_Edad_Media_en_Espa%C3%B1a&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=7&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Editar sección: Antisemitismo&quot;&gt;editar&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mw-headline&quot; id=&quot;Antisemitismo&quot;&gt;Antisemitismo&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Artículo principal:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inquisici%C3%B3n_espa%C3%B1ola&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Inquisición española&quot;&gt;Inquisición española&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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Las minorías religiosas son continuamente atacadas. Tradicionalmente se viene considerando que en la España medieval, y hasta el siglo XIV,&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cristianismo&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Cristianismo&quot;&gt;cristianos&lt;/a&gt;,&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juda%C3%ADsmo&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Judaísmo&quot;&gt;judíos&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;y&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Islam&quot;&gt;musulmanes&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;habían convivido pacíficamente en un clima de tolerancia religiosa. Sin embargo, todo parece indicar que se daba una auténtica&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Segregaci%C3%B3n_racial&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Segregación racial&quot;&gt;segregación racial&lt;/a&gt;. Cualquier adversidad podía provocar conflictos, como así ocurrió.&lt;sup class=&quot;reference&quot; id=&quot;cite_ref-10&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crisis_de_la_Edad_Media_en_Espa%C3%B1a#cite_note-10&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;&quot;&gt;11&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;table align=&quot;right&quot; cellpadding=&quot;4&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(153, 153, 153); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 2px; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(153, 153, 153); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(153, 153, 153); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(153, 153, 153); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: black; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;table align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 13px;&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;center&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pogromo&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Pogromo&quot;&gt;Asesinato de judíos&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;en la&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edad_Media&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Edad Media&quot;&gt;Edad Media&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;width: 320px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;floatnone&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a class=&quot;image&quot; href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archivo:FirstCrusade.jpg&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;FirstCrusade.jpg&quot; height=&quot;318&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/FirstCrusade.jpg/300px-FirstCrusade.jpg&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; vertical-align: middle;&quot; width=&quot;300&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;A ti, marrano, puto&lt;br /&gt;
que eres y fuiste judío,&lt;br /&gt;
contigo no me disputo,&lt;br /&gt;
que tienes gran señorío;&lt;br /&gt;
...&lt;br /&gt;
«El águila es de San Juan&lt;br /&gt;
y el castillo, el de Emaús,&lt;br /&gt;
y en la cruz puse a Jesús&lt;br /&gt;
siendo yo allí capitán».&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;A ti, fraile, perro, moro&lt;br /&gt;
de la casa de Guzmán,&lt;br /&gt;
¿por qué cantas en el coro&lt;br /&gt;
las leyes del Alcorán?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Dícenme que siendo viva&lt;br /&gt;
tu mujer doña Francisca&lt;br /&gt;
te casaste a la morisca&lt;br /&gt;
con doña Isabel de Oliva.&lt;sup class=&quot;reference&quot; id=&quot;cite_ref-11&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crisis_de_la_Edad_Media_en_Espa%C3%B1a#cite_note-11&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;&quot;&gt;12&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;
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En los siglos XIV y XV, a raíz de la crisis que nos ocupa, el antijudaísmo comienza a calar en la sociedad española, sucediéndose episodios violentos. Con la&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primera_Guerra_Civil_Castellana&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Primera Guerra Civil Castellana&quot;&gt;guerra civil de los Trastámara&lt;/a&gt;, el aspirante&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enrique_II_de_Castilla&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Enrique II de Castilla&quot;&gt;Enrique&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;utilizó el antisemitismo latente en los castellanos para conseguir partidarios: en&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/1367&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;1367&quot;&gt;1367&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;sus tropas asaltaron las&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juder%C3%ADa&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Judería&quot;&gt;juderías&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;de&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Briviesca&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Briviesca&quot;&gt;Briviesca&lt;/a&gt;,&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aguilar_de_Campoo&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Aguilar de Campoo&quot;&gt;Aguilar de Campoo&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;y&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Villadiego&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Villadiego&quot;&gt;Villadiego&lt;/a&gt;; y sus patidarios saquearon las de&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Segovia&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Segovia&quot;&gt;Segovia&lt;/a&gt;,&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81vila&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Ávila&quot;&gt;Ávila&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;y&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valladolid&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Valladolid&quot;&gt;Valladolid&lt;/a&gt;.&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toledo&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Toledo&quot;&gt;Toledo&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;se llevó la peor parte. Al terminar la guerra, el rey quiso enmendar su política, pero el odio a los judíos había arraigado muy hondo y desembocó en los&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pogromo&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Pogromo&quot;&gt;pogromos&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;de&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sevilla&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Sevilla&quot;&gt;Sevilla&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;en&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/1391&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;1391&quot;&gt;1391&lt;/a&gt;. Desde&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andaluc%C3%ADa&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Andalucía&quot;&gt;Andalucía&lt;/a&gt;, los disturbios pasaron a&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corona_de_Castilla&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Corona de Castilla&quot;&gt;Castilla&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;(Toledo, Madrid, Burgos, Logroño) y, desde allí, a&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corona_de_Arag%C3%B3n&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Corona de Aragón&quot;&gt;Aragón&lt;/a&gt;, donde fueron saqueadas las juderías de&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barcelona&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Barcelona&quot;&gt;Barcelona&lt;/a&gt;,&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palma_de_Mallorca&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Palma de Mallorca&quot;&gt;Palma&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;y&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valencia&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Valencia&quot;&gt;Valencia&lt;/a&gt;, entre otras.&lt;/div&gt;
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El temor y la presión a que eran sometidos caló entre los&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marrano_(judeoconverso)&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Marrano (judeoconverso)&quot;&gt;judeoespañoles&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;que decidieron convertirse en masa. A menudo estas ingentes conversiones se atribuyen al mérito y el apostolado de santos varones como&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vicente_Ferrer_(santo)&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Vicente Ferrer (santo)&quot;&gt;San Vicente Ferrer&lt;/a&gt;, pero lo cierto es que fue el miedo lo que las provocó. Dado que los conversos actuaron por temor más que por fe, a menudo practicaban su religión original en secreto, es decir,&amp;nbsp;&lt;i&gt;judaizaban&lt;/i&gt;, con lo que el problema del antisemitismo derivó hacia el odio contra los&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cristiano_nuevo&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Cristiano nuevo&quot;&gt;cristianos nuevos&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;
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Los&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pogromo&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Pogromo&quot;&gt;pogromos&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;continuaron, justificados por las actividades supuestamente heréticas de los conversos, muchos de ellos en&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toledo&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Toledo&quot;&gt;Toledo&lt;/a&gt;; pero también contra los que no se habían convertido, como los provocados por las prédicas incendiarias del citado&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vicente_Ferrer_(santo)&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Vicente Ferrer (santo)&quot;&gt;San Vicente Ferrer&lt;/a&gt;, cuyos seguidores asaltaron la&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinagoga&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Sinagoga&quot;&gt;sinagoga&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;de&amp;nbsp;&lt;i&gt;Santa María la Blanca&lt;/i&gt;&amp;nbsp;en&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/1406&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;1406&quot;&gt;1406&lt;/a&gt;. En&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/1408&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;1408&quot;&gt;1408&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;se obligó a los hebreos a llevar distintivos y a recluirse en las juderías y, en&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/1412&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;1412&quot;&gt;1412&lt;/a&gt;, la regenta de Castilla,&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalina_de_Lanc%C3%A1ster&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Catalina de Lancáster&quot;&gt;Catalina de Lancáster&lt;/a&gt;, prohibió la convivencia entre cristianos y judíos, algo similar hizo el rey aragonés&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfonso_V_de_Arag%C3%B3n&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Alfonso V de Aragón&quot;&gt;Alfonso V&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;
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Los judeoconversos —en cambio— seguían con sus mismas actividades (odiadas o temidas por los cristianos de &quot;sangre limpia&quot;), conservaron sus riquezas y mejoraron su posición social. Además, como ya no eran judíos carecían de las trabas anteriores, incluyendo matrimonios con cristianos viejos lo que les permitía, a veces, alcanzar títulos de nobleza o altos cargos de la administración y la Iglesia. Por ejemplo, el obispo de&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burgos&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Burgos&quot;&gt;Burgos&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;entre&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/1415&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;1415&quot;&gt;1415&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;y&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/1435&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;1435&quot;&gt;1435&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;fue&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pablo_de_Santa_Mar%C3%ADa&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Pablo de Santa María&quot;&gt;Pablo de Santa María&lt;/a&gt;, nada menos que un antiguo&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rabino&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Rabino&quot;&gt;rabino&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;llamado&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;Salomón ha-Leví&lt;/b&gt;. Este personaje, y su hijo,&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfonso_de_Cartagena&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Alfonso de Cartagena&quot;&gt;Alfonso de Cartagena&lt;/a&gt;, fueron los más duros enemigos de los judíos que persistían no convertirse y profesar su fe original. Muchas veces, las acusaciones de judaizar eran falsas, provocadas por la envidia o la codicia.&lt;/div&gt;
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En&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/1449&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;1449&quot;&gt;1449&lt;/a&gt;,&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81lvaro_de_Luna&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Álvaro de Luna&quot;&gt;Álvaro de Luna&lt;/a&gt;, protector de conversos y mosaicos, intentó recaudar nuevos impuestos para sus&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;campañas militares&lt;/b&gt;, lo que provocó que el alcalde de&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toledo&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Toledo&quot;&gt;Toledo&lt;/a&gt;, uno de sus enemigos, emitiese el primer&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estatutos_de_limpieza_de_sangre&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Estatutos de limpieza de sangre&quot;&gt;Estatuto de Limpieza de Sangre&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt;. Se desataron de nuevo los&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pogromo&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Pogromo&quot;&gt;pogromos&lt;/a&gt;, atajados por el propio&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81lvaro_de_Luna&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Álvaro de Luna&quot;&gt;Condestable&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;con la ayuda del&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lope_de_Barrientos&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Lope de Barrientos&quot;&gt;Obispo Barrientos&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;
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Sólo los&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reyes_Cat%C3%B3licos&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Reyes Católicos&quot;&gt;Reyes Católicos&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;supieron imponer una política centralizadora de «paz social» que puso fin a los conflictos causados por la comunidad cristiana con las minorías religiosas, aunque no con los conversos (además de provocar otros problemas, no menos importantes): tras conquistar el&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reino_nazar%C3%AD_de_Granada&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Reino nazarí de Granada&quot;&gt;reino de Granada&lt;/a&gt;, expulsaron a los&amp;nbsp;&lt;a class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jud%C3%ADo&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Judío&quot;&gt;judíos&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;en&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/1492&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;1492&quot;&gt;1492&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;y a los&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morisco&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Morisco&quot;&gt;moriscos&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;en&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/1502&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;1502&quot;&gt;1502&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px;&quot;&gt;Véanse también:&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morisco&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Morisco&quot;&gt;Morisco&lt;/a&gt;,&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historia_de_los_jud%C3%ADos_en_Espa%C3%B1a&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Historia de los judíos en España&quot;&gt;Historia de los judíos en España&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;y&amp;nbsp;&lt;a class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libelo_de_sangre_contra_los_jud%C3%ADos&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Libelo de sangre contra los judíos&quot;&gt;Libelo de sangre contra los judíos&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;h3 style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: initial; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 17px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; text-align: -webkit-auto; width: auto;&quot;&gt;

&lt;span class=&quot;editsection&quot; style=&quot;float: right; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 5px;&quot;&gt;[&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Crisis_de_la_Edad_Media_en_Espa%C3%B1a&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=8&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Editar sección: Banderías y &amp;quot;Malos usos&amp;quot; señoriales&quot;&gt;editar&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mw-headline&quot; id=&quot;Bander.C3.ADas_y_.22Malos_usos.22_se.C3.B1oriales&quot;&gt;Banderías y &quot;Malos usos&quot; señoriales&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;
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En otro orden de cosas, la oligarquía urbana, donde existía, se aproximó a los intereses de la nobleza y se puso en contra de la plebe. La respuesta de la masa social pobre era el de la revuelta urbana, por ejemplo, las&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;banderías&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;de las facciones ricas y pobres de Barcelona, conocidas con los nombres respectivos de&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;la Biga y la Busca&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;entre&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/1436&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;1436&quot;&gt;1436&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;y&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/1458&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;1458&quot;&gt;1458&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;ul style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; list-style-image: url(data:image/png; list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: -webkit-auto;&quot;&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em;&quot;&gt;La&amp;nbsp;&lt;i&gt;Biga&lt;/i&gt;&amp;nbsp;era el grupo de clase alta burguesa, importadores de tejidos de lujo, que a sí mismos se llamaban «ciutadans honrats» y dominaban los organismos de gobierno de&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barcelona&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Barcelona&quot;&gt;Barcelona&lt;/a&gt;; éstos deseaban liberalizar el comercio y monopolizar el gobierno urbano.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em;&quot;&gt;Enfrente, la&amp;nbsp;&lt;i&gt;Busca&lt;/i&gt;, artesanos acomodados (&lt;i&gt;menestrales&lt;/i&gt;&amp;nbsp;y&amp;nbsp;&lt;i&gt;obradores&lt;/i&gt;) partidarios del&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proteccionismo&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Proteccionismo&quot;&gt;proteccionismo&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;comercial, para salvar sus negocios, y deseosos de compartir el poder municipal.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
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Los conflictos llegaron a ser bastante violentos. El rey&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfonso_V_de_Arag%C3%B3n&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Alfonso V de Aragón&quot;&gt;Alfonso V el Magnánimo&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;deseaba poder cobrar las tasas que necesitaba de los oligarcas bigaires, así que decidió ponerse al lado de la Busca, aunque tibiamente. Así contaría con el apoyo de pueblo: aceptó sus demandas de democratización y reformas sociales. Sin embargo, las disensiones entre los buscaires, achacables a la heterogeneidad de su origen, permitieron, poco a poco, que la Biga volviese a recobrar el control de la ciudad.&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;div class=&quot;thumbinner&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; font-size: 12px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: center; width: 302px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a class=&quot;image&quot; href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archivo:Mittelrheinischer_Meister_des_13._Jahrhunderts_001.jpg&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;thumbimage&quot; height=&quot;436&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Mittelrheinischer_Meister_des_13._Jahrhunderts_001.jpg/300px-Mittelrheinischer_Meister_des_13._Jahrhunderts_001.jpg&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;&quot; width=&quot;300&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;div class=&quot;magnify&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-image: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; float: right;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a class=&quot;internal&quot; href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archivo:Mittelrheinischer_Meister_des_13._Jahrhunderts_001.jpg&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-image: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; color: #0b0080; display: block; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Aumentar&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;&quot; height=&quot;11&quot; src=&quot;http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.18/common/images/magnify-clip.png&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-color: initial; border-image: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; border-width: initial; display: block; vertical-align: middle;&quot; width=&quot;15&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;cite&gt;«Temps feia que tots els pagesos de remença estaven al límit de la resistència de les grans i injustes servituds a les quals els senyors com el baró els tenien sotmesos. En molts camps s’aixecaven grans creus i en els llindars de les cases hi havia fossars i banderes negres que simbolitzaven voluntat de lluita i mort.»&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;sup class=&quot;reference&quot; id=&quot;cite_ref-12&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crisis_de_la_Edad_Media_en_Espa%C3%B1a#cite_note-12&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;&quot;&gt;13&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em; text-align: -webkit-auto;&quot;&gt;
El progresivo poder económico de la&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobleza&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Nobleza&quot;&gt;nobleza&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;hizo que ésta reclamara más poder político a la&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monarqu%C3%ADa&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Monarquía&quot;&gt;monarquía&lt;/a&gt;, para lo que se dedicó a conspirar para debilitar el poder real. Se trataba de mantener una monarquía que asegurase el orden social, pero débil, para poder ser dominada por una nobleza fuerte. Cuando&amp;nbsp;&lt;a class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fernando_de_Antequera&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Fernando de Antequera&quot;&gt;Fernando de Antequera&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;llegó como rey a la&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corona_de_Arag%C3%B3n&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Corona de Aragón&quot;&gt;corona de Aragón&lt;/a&gt;, necesitaba alguien en quien apoyarse y se vio obligado a permitir a los nobles revivir&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;malos usos&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;contra sus campesinos, los&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;Payeses de remensa&lt;/b&gt;. Estos campesinos estaban adscritos a la tierra señorial, pero tenían derecho a librarse pagando un tributo. Las condiciones de los remensas se endurecen hasta hacerse insoportables en&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/1440&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;1440&quot;&gt;1440&lt;/a&gt;, por lo que deciden crear una hermandad para defender sus derechos llamada&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guerra_de_los_Remensas&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Guerra de los Remensas&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Sindicato de Remensas&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/a&gt;. Los remensas consiguen organizarse y se comprometen a pagar lo estipulado para recobrar su libertad, sin embargo, como el&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfonso_V_de_Arag%C3%B3n&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Alfonso V de Aragón&quot;&gt;rey&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;estaba ausente en&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A1poles&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Nápoles&quot;&gt;Nápoles&lt;/a&gt;, el&amp;nbsp;&lt;i&gt;Consell de Cataluña&lt;/i&gt;&amp;nbsp;se lo impide comenzando los disturbios. En&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/1455&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;1455&quot;&gt;1455&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;se llegó a una especie de pacto y el conflicto quedó latente. La cuestión de los remensas acabó mezclándose con las guerras civiles de&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_II_de_Arag%C3%B3n&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Juan II de Aragón&quot;&gt;Juan II de Aragón&lt;/a&gt;. Terminadas las guerras civiles aragonesas, el problema de los remensas fue el último en solucionarse en la&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sentencia_arbitral_de_Guadalupe&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Sentencia arbitral de Guadalupe&quot;&gt;Sentencia arbitral de Guadalupe&lt;/a&gt;,&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/1486&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;1486&quot;&gt;1486&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;
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Algo parecido ocurre fuera de Cataluña, por ejemplo, en&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corona_de_Castilla&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Corona de Castilla&quot;&gt;Castilla&lt;/a&gt;, hasta que el rey&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedro_I_de_Castilla&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Pedro I de Castilla&quot;&gt;Pedro I de Castilla&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;(&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/1350&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;1350&quot;&gt;1350&lt;/a&gt;-&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/1369&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;1369&quot;&gt;1369&lt;/a&gt;), intentó pararle los pies a los nobles y favorecer el nacimiento de una burguesía industrial que no existía y proteger las pocas&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;Behetrías&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;y realengos que aún quedaban. La respuesta de la nobleza fue propiciar una guerra civil favoreciendo a su hermanastro,&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enrique_II_de_Castilla&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Enrique II de Castilla&quot;&gt;Enrique II&lt;/a&gt;, a quien prometieron el trono a cambio de mantener un poder real débil y una nobleza fuerte. Es un periodo de guerras civiles común a toda Europa (en&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francia&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Francia&quot;&gt;Francia&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;es la&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guerra_de_los_Cien_A%C3%B1os&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Guerra de los Cien Años&quot;&gt;Guerra de los Cien Años&lt;/a&gt;, en&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inglaterra&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Inglaterra&quot;&gt;Inglaterra&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;la&amp;nbsp;&lt;a class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guerras_de_las_Dos_Rosas&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Guerras de las Dos Rosas&quot;&gt;Guerras de las Dos Rosas&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;h4 style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: initial; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; text-align: -webkit-auto; width: auto;&quot;&gt;

&lt;span class=&quot;editsection&quot; style=&quot;float: right; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 5px;&quot;&gt;[&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Crisis_de_la_Edad_Media_en_Espa%C3%B1a&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=9&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Editar sección: Behetrías&quot;&gt;editar&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mw-headline&quot; id=&quot;Behetr.C3.ADas&quot;&gt;Behetrías&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h4&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em; text-align: -webkit-auto;&quot;&gt;
Las&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Behetr%C3%ADa&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Behetría&quot;&gt;Behetrías&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;eran comunidades de campesinos que, no siendo libres, tenían derecho a pactar su encomienda a un señor de su elección, llegando a un acuerdo sobre las condiciones de su servidumbre. Las behetrías (legisladas por&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfonso_X_de_Castilla&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Alfonso X de Castilla&quot;&gt;Alfonso X&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;en las&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siete_Partidas&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Siete Partidas&quot;&gt;Siete Partidas&lt;/a&gt;), se ubicaban al norte del valle del&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duero&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Duero&quot;&gt;Duero&lt;/a&gt;, en zona de&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merindad_(divisi%C3%B3n_administrativa)&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Merindad (división administrativa)&quot;&gt;Merindades&lt;/a&gt;, y fueron censadas por&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedro_I_de_Castilla&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Pedro I de Castilla&quot;&gt;Pedro I&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;en el libro&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Becerro_de_las_Behetr%C3%ADas_de_Castilla&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Becerro de las Behetrías de Castilla&quot;&gt;Becerro de las Behetrías de Castilla&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;aproximadamente en&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/1352&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;1352&quot;&gt;1352&lt;/a&gt;. En este documento se aprecia que muchas de ellas se habían convertido ya en señoríos. Poco antes, en&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/1351&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;1351&quot;&gt;1351&lt;/a&gt;, en las cortes de&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valladolid&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Valladolid&quot;&gt;Valladolid&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;se reclamó su conversión general en solariego, dado que provocaban muchos conflictos. El rey estuvo a punto de ceder, pero su privado,&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_Alfonso_de_Alburquerque&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Juan Alfonso de Alburquerque&quot;&gt;Juan Alfonso de Alburquerque&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;le convenció de que protegiese la libertad de sus campesinos.&lt;sup class=&quot;reference&quot; id=&quot;cite_ref-13&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crisis_de_la_Edad_Media_en_Espa%C3%B1a#cite_note-13&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;&quot;&gt;14&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;h4 style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: initial; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; text-align: -webkit-auto; width: auto;&quot;&gt;

&lt;span class=&quot;editsection&quot; style=&quot;float: right; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 5px;&quot;&gt;[&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Crisis_de_la_Edad_Media_en_Espa%C3%B1a&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=10&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Editar sección: Malos usos&quot;&gt;editar&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mw-headline&quot; id=&quot;Malos_usos&quot;&gt;Malos usos&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h4&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em; text-align: -webkit-auto;&quot;&gt;
Las&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;extiw&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/es:Malfetr%C3%ADa&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #663366; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;wiktionary:es:Malfetría&quot;&gt;Malfetrías&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;son los crímenes de los nobles contra el pueblo llano, pero lo más común era recurrir a los&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;&quot;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malos_usos_se%C3%B1oriales&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Malos usos señoriales&quot;&gt;malos usos&lt;/a&gt;&quot;&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;ya abandonados por inhumanos y contrarios a la justicia tanto consuetudinaria como la de las&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siete_Partidas&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Siete Partidas&quot;&gt;Siete Partidas&lt;/a&gt;. En la&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corona_de_Castilla&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Corona de Castilla&quot;&gt;corona de Castilla&lt;/a&gt;estas tropelías son incontables, algunas de ellas muy sangrientas. Entre las más destacadas podemos citar la de&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palencia&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Palencia&quot;&gt;Palencia&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;(única gran ciudad castellana sometida a un señor). En el año&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/1315&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;1315&quot;&gt;1315&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;los palentinos se levantaron contra su obispo por los abusos; como no cesaban, llegaron a apresar al obispo y a maltratarle; cuando pudo escapar, pidió justicia al rey&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfonso_XI_de_Castilla&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Alfonso XI de Castilla&quot;&gt;Alfonso XI&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;y éste condenó a muerte a 30 ciudadanos. Parecido fue el episodio de&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paredes_de_Nava&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Paredes de Nava&quot;&gt;Paredes de Nava&lt;/a&gt;, villa de realengo entregada por&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enrique_II_de_Castilla&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Enrique II de Castilla&quot;&gt;Enrique II&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;a su cuñado. Pero los campesinos, aferrados a su libertad, asesinaron al nuevo señor en&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/1371&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;1371&quot;&gt;1371&lt;/a&gt;, a lo que siguió una durísima represión del rey. Así podemos seguir con&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benavente_(Zamora)&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Benavente (Zamora)&quot;&gt;Benavente&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;en&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/1400&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;1400&quot;&gt;1400&lt;/a&gt;, el&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Corrales_de_Buelna&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Los Corrales de Buelna&quot;&gt;valle de Buelna&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;en&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/1426&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;1426&quot;&gt;1426&lt;/a&gt;,&amp;nbsp;&lt;a class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salamanca_(Espa%C3%B1a)&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Salamanca (España)&quot;&gt;Salamanca&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;en&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/1453&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;1453&quot;&gt;1453&lt;/a&gt;,&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tordesillas&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Tordesillas&quot;&gt;Tordesillas&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;en&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/1474&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;1474&quot;&gt;1474&lt;/a&gt;...&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;h4 style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: initial; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; text-align: -webkit-auto; width: auto;&quot;&gt;

&lt;span class=&quot;editsection&quot; style=&quot;float: right; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 5px;&quot;&gt;[&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Crisis_de_la_Edad_Media_en_Espa%C3%B1a&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=11&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Editar sección: Banderías&quot;&gt;editar&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mw-headline&quot; id=&quot;Bander.C3.ADas&quot;&gt;Banderías&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h4&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em; text-align: -webkit-auto;&quot;&gt;
&lt;sup class=&quot;reference&quot; id=&quot;cite_ref-14&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crisis_de_la_Edad_Media_en_Espa%C3%B1a#cite_note-14&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;&quot;&gt;15&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&amp;nbsp;A la oligarquía urbana sin título de nobleza eran los llamados&amp;nbsp;&lt;i&gt;&quot;Hombres buenos&quot;&lt;/i&gt;. Estos burgueses adinerados se unían a la nobleza para medrar, actuando en contra el pueblo llano, es decir,&amp;nbsp;&lt;i&gt;&quot;las gentes del Común&quot;&lt;/i&gt;. Debido a la crisis generalizada, los campesinos huían del campo a refugiarse en las ciudades. Pero, como no tenían oficio reconocido formaban un grupo de asalariados cuasi marginado llamado&amp;nbsp;&lt;i&gt;&quot;Gente menuda&quot;&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;sup class=&quot;reference&quot; id=&quot;cite_ref-15&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crisis_de_la_Edad_Media_en_Espa%C3%B1a#cite_note-15&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;&quot;&gt;16&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&amp;nbsp;Muchas veces, las contradicciones provocadas por la crisis (inflación, ruina, desempleo, mendicidad), colocaban a los &quot;Hombres buenos&quot; al lado de la nobleza y contra las &quot;gentes del Común&quot; con el objeto de controlar el poder de las ciudades y villas de realengo. Así, muchas ciudades y comarcas se polarizaban, como hemos visto que ocurrió en&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barcelona&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Barcelona&quot;&gt;Barcelona&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;con&amp;nbsp;&lt;i&gt;la Biga y la Busca&lt;/i&gt;; pero antes se enfrentaron los Guix y los Ametller. En&amp;nbsp;&lt;a class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vic&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Vic&quot;&gt;Vic&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;los Nyerro luchaban contra los Cadell; en&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zaragoza&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Zaragoza&quot;&gt;Zaragoza&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;los Luna contra los Urrea y en&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valencia&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Valencia&quot;&gt;Valencia&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;los Centelles contra los Vilaragut...&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em; text-align: -webkit-auto;&quot;&gt;
En&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corona_de_Castilla&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Corona de Castilla&quot;&gt;Castilla&lt;/a&gt;, quizá los casos más famosos sean los enfrentamientos de los bandos de&amp;nbsp;&lt;a class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salamanca_(Espa%C3%B1a)#Historia&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Salamanca (España)&quot;&gt;Salamanca&lt;/a&gt;: el de&amp;nbsp;&lt;i&gt;San Benito&lt;/i&gt;&amp;nbsp;y el de&amp;nbsp;&lt;i&gt;Santo Tomé&lt;/i&gt;. Durante el reinado de&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enrique_III_de_Castilla&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Enrique III de Castilla&quot;&gt;Enrique III de Castilla&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;el problema de las banderías urbanas fue tan grave, que el soberano tuvo que nombrar&amp;nbsp;&lt;i&gt;corregidores&lt;/i&gt;&amp;nbsp;con la misión de pacificar las ciudades y representar al rey como árbitro de las disputas.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em; text-align: -webkit-auto;&quot;&gt;
En&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/1465&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;1465&quot;&gt;1465&lt;/a&gt;; en el&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reino_de_Navarra&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Reino de Navarra&quot;&gt;reino de Navarra&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;la pugna entre&amp;nbsp;&lt;i&gt;agramonteses&lt;/i&gt;&amp;nbsp;y&amp;nbsp;&lt;i&gt;beaumonteses&lt;/i&gt;; y, en el&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pa%C3%ADs_Vasco&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;País Vasco&quot;&gt;País Vasco&lt;/a&gt;, la rivalidad entre&amp;nbsp;&lt;i&gt;Oñacinos&lt;/i&gt;&amp;nbsp;y&amp;nbsp;&lt;i&gt;Gamboinos&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;sup class=&quot;reference&quot; id=&quot;cite_ref-16&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crisis_de_la_Edad_Media_en_Espa%C3%B1a#cite_note-16&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;&quot;&gt;17&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&amp;nbsp;Incluso el&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reino_nazar%C3%AD_de_Granada&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Reino nazarí de Granada&quot;&gt;reino nazarí de Granada&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;sufrió estas rivalidades:&amp;nbsp;&lt;i&gt;zegríes&lt;/i&gt;&amp;nbsp;contra&amp;nbsp;&lt;i&gt;abencerrajes&lt;/i&gt;, divididos en diferentes bandos, se enfrentaban en luchas fraticidas.&lt;sup class=&quot;reference&quot; id=&quot;cite_ref-17&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crisis_de_la_Edad_Media_en_Espa%C3%B1a#cite_note-17&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;&quot;&gt;18&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px;&quot;&gt;Véanse también:&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casa_de_do%C3%B1a_Mar%C3%ADa_la_Brava#Los_Bandos&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Casa de doña María la Brava&quot;&gt;Casa de doña María la Brava#Los Bandos&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;y&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reino_de_Navarra#Evoluci.C3.B3n_hist.C3.B3rica&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Reino de Navarra&quot;&gt;reino de Navarra#Evolución histórica&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;li style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;external text&quot; href=&quot;http://www.historiavasca.com/productos1075301.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: url(data:image/png; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; color: #663366; padding-right: 13px; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Oñacinos contra Gamboinos&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;external text&quot; href=&quot;http://adurcal.com/enlaces/cultura/zona/Historia/granada/Historia.htm#_Toc5010841&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: url(data:image/png; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; color: #663366; padding-right: 13px; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;El Reino de Granada en el siglo XV&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
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&lt;h4 style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: initial; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; text-align: -webkit-auto; width: auto;&quot;&gt;

&lt;span class=&quot;editsection&quot; style=&quot;float: right; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 5px;&quot;&gt;[&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Crisis_de_la_Edad_Media_en_Espa%C3%B1a&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=12&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Editar sección: Hermandades&quot;&gt;editar&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mw-headline&quot; id=&quot;Hermandades&quot;&gt;Hermandades&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h4&gt;
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Las&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;Hermandades&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;son asociaciones de campesinos autorizadas por la corona y destinadas a la defensa de intereses comunes; a menudo, a estas hermandades se unían también nobles y burgueses por motivos personales. La Edad de oro de las hermandades es el reinado de&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enrique_IV_de_Castilla&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Enrique IV de Castilla&quot;&gt;Enrique IV de Castilla&lt;/a&gt;. La hermandad más relevante de este periodo es la que surgió en&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galicia&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Galicia&quot;&gt;Galicia&lt;/a&gt;con el nombre de&amp;nbsp;&lt;i&gt;Irmandade&lt;/i&gt;, cuyos campesinos acabarón descontrolándose provocando varias oleadas revolucionarias conocidas como&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revuelta_Irmandi%C3%B1a&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Revuelta Irmandiña&quot;&gt;Revuelta Irmandiña&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt;. Hay&amp;nbsp;&lt;i&gt;hirmandades&lt;/i&gt;&amp;nbsp;gallegas desde mediados del siglo XIV, aunque las más activas son del siglo XV, su objetivo era acabar con los...:&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;cite&gt;“muitos roubos, furto e omisios e mortes de homes e males e quebrantamientos de camiños e outras forças.” (para destruir fortificaciones nobiliarias) &quot;para derribarlas, porque dezían que de las dichas fortalezas se facían muchos males, porque robaban y tomaban a los homes y los prendían&quot;&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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A la lucha se unieron hidalgos, nobles clérigos, ciudades enteras y, sobre todo, campesinos. La organización hirmandiña fue modélica: con sus propios batallones de cien hombres, llamados&amp;nbsp;&lt;i&gt;cuadrillas&lt;/i&gt;, destruyeron más de 130 fortalezas feudales. El propio rey utilizó a los hirmandiños para socavar el poder de la oposición nobiliaria favorable al infante Don Alfonso (su rival). A partir de&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/1467&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;1467&quot;&gt;1467&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;la nobleza se alejó de Galicia hasta la derrota de los hirmandiños a manos del obispo de&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santiago_de_Compostela&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Santiago de Compostela&quot;&gt;Santiago de Compostela&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;Alonso de Fonseca al mando de una coalición castellano-potuguesa en&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/1469&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;1469&quot;&gt;1469&lt;/a&gt;, mientras eran abandonados por el&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enrique_IV_de_Castilla&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Enrique IV de Castilla&quot;&gt;rey&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;a su suerte.&lt;sup class=&quot;reference&quot; id=&quot;cite_ref-18&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crisis_de_la_Edad_Media_en_Espa%C3%B1a#cite_note-18&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;&quot;&gt;19&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&amp;nbsp;Paralelamente a la gallega, se había creado la&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;Hermandad de las villas de Gipuzcoa&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;y la&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;Santa Hermandad castellana&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;en&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/1464&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;1464&quot;&gt;1464&lt;/a&gt;: durante dos años el&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enrique_IV_de_Castilla&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Enrique IV de Castilla&quot;&gt;Enrique IV&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;utiliza a los agermanados contra sus enemigos. Pero, los campesinos, viendo que sus propios intereses eran relegados a segundo plano, se descontrolan. Muerto el enemigo del&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enrique_IV_de_Castilla&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Enrique IV de Castilla&quot;&gt;rey&lt;/a&gt;, el príncipe Alfonso, la oposición firma con éste el&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tratado_de_los_Toros_de_Guisando&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Tratado de los Toros de Guisando&quot;&gt;Tratado de los Toros de Guisando&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;que supone el fin de la hermandad castellana en&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/1468&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;1468&quot;&gt;1468&lt;/a&gt;, la cual fue diezmada...:&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;cite&gt;“los Cavalleros de Salamanca hicieron un gran destrozo e matanza en los de la hermandad... de manera que oprimieron a los plebeyos&quot;&lt;/cite&gt;&amp;nbsp;(&lt;a class=&quot;external text&quot; href=&quot;http://www.biografiasyvidas.com/biografia/g/galindez.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: url(data:image/png; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; color: #663366; padding-right: 13px; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Galindez de Carvajal&lt;/a&gt;,&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/1502&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;1502&quot;&gt;1502&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/div&gt;
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Cierto que los intentos de hermanarse continuaron, pero el pacto entre&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enrique_IV_de_Castilla&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Enrique IV de Castilla&quot;&gt;Enrique&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;y su hermanastra&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isabel_I_de_Castilla&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Isabel I de Castilla&quot;&gt;Isabel&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;acabó con las posibilidades del pueblo llano.&lt;sup class=&quot;reference&quot; id=&quot;cite_ref-19&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crisis_de_la_Edad_Media_en_Espa%C3%B1a#cite_note-19&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;&quot;&gt;20&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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Como vemos, desde mediados del siglo XIV hasta finales del siglo XV no hay un momento de paz en la&amp;nbsp;&lt;a class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pen%C3%ADnsula_Ib%C3%A9rica&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Península Ibérica&quot;&gt;Península&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;ul style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; list-style-image: url(data:image/png; list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: -webkit-auto;&quot;&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em;&quot;&gt;Por un lado, en la&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corona_de_Castilla&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Corona de Castilla&quot;&gt;Corona de Castilla&lt;/a&gt;, los nobles medraron tomando partido ahora por uno, ahora por otro bando, a cambio de&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;merçedes&lt;/b&gt;, determinadas prebendas o señoríos feudales; de este modo, zonas que hasta entonces se habían librado del feudalismo, caen en manos aristocráticas en forma de&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mayorazgo&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Mayorazgo&quot;&gt;mayorazgos&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt;. Los mayorazgos son formas de propiedad feudal blindadas (por decirlo de alguna manera), reconocidas legalmente, que no pueden ser vendidas, ni divididas y el noble nunca puede perder sus derechos sobre ellas; sólo las puede heredar el hijo mayor.&lt;sup class=&quot;reference&quot; id=&quot;cite_ref-20&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crisis_de_la_Edad_Media_en_Espa%C3%B1a#cite_note-20&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;&quot;&gt;21&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&amp;nbsp;Un ejemplo válido es&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medina_del_Campo&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Medina del Campo&quot;&gt;la Comunidad de Villa y Tierra de Medina del Campo&lt;/a&gt;. Este&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concejo_(historia)&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Concejo (historia)&quot;&gt;concejo&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;nació como territorio libre de&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feudalismo&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Feudalismo&quot;&gt;feudalismo&lt;/a&gt;, o sea, era territorio de&lt;b&gt;Realengo&lt;/b&gt;, pero reyes como&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enrique_II_de_Castilla&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Enrique II de Castilla&quot;&gt;Enrique II&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;o&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_II_de_Castilla&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Juan II de Castilla&quot;&gt;Juan II&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;se vieron obligados, para conseguir el apoyo necesario, a recortarle trozos para dárselos en señorío a los nobles.&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;Castrejón&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;y&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alaejos&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Alaejos&quot;&gt;Alaejos&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt;son otorgados a la familia Fonseca, y otros nobles reciben los feudos de&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;Carpio&lt;/b&gt;,&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;Cervillego&lt;/b&gt;,&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;Rubí&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;o&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;Pozal de Gallinas&lt;/b&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;ul style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; list-style-image: url(data:image/png; list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: -webkit-auto;&quot;&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em;&quot;&gt;En cambio, en la&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corona_de_Arag%C3%B3n&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Corona de Aragón&quot;&gt;Corona de Aragón&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;la fuerza de la nobleza fue rápidamente encerrada en sus &quot;justos límites&quot; por&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedro_IV_de_Arag%C3%B3n&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Pedro IV de Aragón&quot;&gt;Pedro el Ceremonioso&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;en la&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batalla_de_%C3%89pila_(1348)&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Batalla de Épila (1348)&quot;&gt;batalla de Épila&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;(&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/1348&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;1348&quot;&gt;1348&lt;/a&gt;) y&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfonso_V_de_Arag%C3%B3n&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Alfonso V de Aragón&quot;&gt;Alfonso V&lt;/a&gt;suprimió definitivamente los malos usos, concediendo el derecho de libertad a los payeses en&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/1457&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;1457&quot;&gt;1457&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;sup class=&quot;reference&quot; id=&quot;cite_ref-21&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crisis_de_la_Edad_Media_en_Espa%C3%B1a#cite_note-21&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;&quot;&gt;22&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&amp;nbsp;Desde entonces los grandes de Aragón se contaban con los dedos de una mano (condes de&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condado_de_Pallars&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Condado de Pallars&quot;&gt;Pallars&lt;/a&gt;, condes de&amp;nbsp;&lt;a class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condado_de_Urgell&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Condado de Urgell&quot;&gt;Urgell&lt;/a&gt;, condes de&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condado_de_Cardona&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Condado de Cardona&quot;&gt;Cardona&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;y condes de&amp;nbsp;&lt;a class=&quot;new&quot; href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Condado_de_H%C3%ADjar&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;redlink=1&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #a55858; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Condado de Híjar (aún no redactado)&quot;&gt;Híjar&lt;/a&gt;). El verdadero poder político catalán recayó en manos de la poderosa burguesía urbana. Todo parecía conducir a un reino aragonés oligárquico y burgués, quizá incluso una &quot;república coronada&quot;, de no haber sido por la tremendas contradicciones sociales que imperaban en toda&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europa&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Europa&quot;&gt;Europa&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;sup class=&quot;reference&quot; id=&quot;cite_ref-22&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crisis_de_la_Edad_Media_en_Espa%C3%B1a#cite_note-22&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;&quot;&gt;23&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;h2 style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 19px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.6em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; text-align: -webkit-auto; width: auto;&quot;&gt;

&lt;span class=&quot;editsection&quot; style=&quot;float: right; font-size: 13px; margin-left: 5px;&quot;&gt;[&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Crisis_de_la_Edad_Media_en_Espa%C3%B1a&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=13&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Editar sección: Poder político&quot;&gt;editar&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mw-headline&quot; id=&quot;Poder_pol.C3.ADtico&quot;&gt;Poder político&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em; text-align: -webkit-auto;&quot;&gt;
Aunque la rivalidad por el poder entre la corona y la nobleza, así como las intrigas palaciegas, son un constante en la España Medieval, es con la&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casa_de_Trast%C3%A1mara&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Casa de Trastámara&quot;&gt;dinastía de los Trastámara&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;cuando la crisis política llega a su culminación, tanto en la&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corona_de_Arag%C3%B3n&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Corona de Aragón&quot;&gt;corona de Aragón&lt;/a&gt;, como, sobre todo, en la&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corona_de_Castilla&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Corona de Castilla&quot;&gt;corona de Castilla&lt;/a&gt;. El proceso era cíclico: el rey de turno, para consolidar sus apoyos, daba mucho poder a su heredero y a sus segundones, pero al morir, los segundones reclamaban fuertes prebendas y provocaban incluso guerras civiles. El nuevo rey tenía que buscar apoyo de nuevo en su familia favoreciéndola lo más posible; así solucionaba su propio problema, pero sembraba el problema a su sucesor.&lt;sup class=&quot;reference&quot; id=&quot;cite_ref-23&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crisis_de_la_Edad_Media_en_Espa%C3%B1a#cite_note-23&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;&quot;&gt;24&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;h3 style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: initial; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 17px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; text-align: -webkit-auto; width: auto;&quot;&gt;

&lt;span class=&quot;editsection&quot; style=&quot;float: right; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 5px;&quot;&gt;[&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Crisis_de_la_Edad_Media_en_Espa%C3%B1a&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=14&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Editar sección: Corona de Castilla&quot;&gt;editar&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mw-headline&quot; id=&quot;Corona_de_Castilla&quot;&gt;Corona de Castilla&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;noprint AP&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.2ex; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: -webkit-auto;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Artículo principal:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primera_Guerra_Civil_Castellana&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Primera Guerra Civil Castellana&quot;&gt;Primera Guerra Civil Castellana&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em; text-align: -webkit-auto;&quot;&gt;
En el año&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/1325&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;1325&quot;&gt;1325&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;termina la minoría de edad del rey&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfonso_XI_de_Castilla&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Alfonso XI de Castilla&quot;&gt;Alfonso XI&lt;/a&gt;, quien decide afianzar el poder monárquico, poner fin a la independencia de las ciudades y las cortes, pero colaborando con los nobles para conseguir la pacificación del reino y para combatir a los&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benimerines&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Benimerines&quot;&gt;Benimerines&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;que amenazaban el&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estrecho_de_Gibraltar&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Estrecho de Gibraltar&quot;&gt;estrecho de Gibraltar&lt;/a&gt;. El rey topó con innumerables dificultades, entre ellas, continuas sublevaciones nobiliarias que pudo dominar a la vez con energía y diplomacia. Así, consiguió la sumisión de la nobleza en un acuerdo (&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/1336&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;1336&quot;&gt;1336&lt;/a&gt;) y después, ocuparse del problema del&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estrecho_de_Gibraltar&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Estrecho de Gibraltar&quot;&gt;Estrecho&lt;/a&gt;, derrotando a los&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benimerines&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Benimerines&quot;&gt;Benimerines&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;en la&amp;nbsp;&lt;a class=&quot;new&quot; href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Batalla_de_El_Salado&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;redlink=1&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #a55858; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Batalla de El Salado (aún no redactado)&quot;&gt;batalla de El Salado&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;(&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/1340&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;1340&quot;&gt;1340&lt;/a&gt;). Como hemos mencionado, el&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfonso_XI_de_Castilla&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Alfonso XI de Castilla&quot;&gt;rey&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;murió en la campaña de Granada a causa de la Peste negra.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;VT&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.2ex; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: -webkit-auto;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px;&quot;&gt;Véase también:&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfonso_XI_de_Castilla&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Alfonso XI de Castilla&quot;&gt;Alfonso XI de Castilla&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;h4 style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: initial; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; text-align: -webkit-auto; width: auto;&quot;&gt;

&lt;span class=&quot;editsection&quot; style=&quot;float: right; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 5px;&quot;&gt;[&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Crisis_de_la_Edad_Media_en_Espa%C3%B1a&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=15&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Editar sección: Guerra de los Trastámara (1366-1369)&quot;&gt;editar&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mw-headline&quot; id=&quot;Guerra_de_los_Trast.C3.A1mara_.281366-1369.29&quot;&gt;Guerra de los Trastámara (1366-1369)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h4&gt;
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&lt;a class=&quot;image&quot; href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archivo:Battle_najera_froissart.jpg&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;thumbimage&quot; height=&quot;281&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Battle_najera_froissart.jpg/319px-Battle_najera_froissart.jpg&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;&quot; width=&quot;319&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;div class=&quot;magnify&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-image: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; float: right;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a class=&quot;internal&quot; href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archivo:Battle_najera_froissart.jpg&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-image: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; color: #0b0080; display: block; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Aumentar&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;&quot; height=&quot;11&quot; src=&quot;http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.18/common/images/magnify-clip.png&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-color: initial; border-image: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; border-width: initial; display: block; vertical-align: middle;&quot; width=&quot;15&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;cite&gt;«El rey&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;don Pedro&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;regnó en paz, sin otro que tomar su título, diez é seis años complidos, del día que el rey&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;don Alfonso&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;su padre finó en el real de Gibraltar en el mes de marzo, segund dicho avemos, año del señor de mil é trescientos é cincuenta años, fasta que el rey&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;don Enrique&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;entró en el Regno, é se llamó rey en Calahorra en el mes de marzo, año del Señor de mil é trescientos é sesenta é seis, é de la Era de César de mil é quatrocientos é quatro años; é regnó tres años en contienda con el rey don Enrique.»&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;sup class=&quot;reference&quot; id=&quot;cite_ref-ayala_24-0&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crisis_de_la_Edad_Media_en_Espa%C3%B1a#cite_note-ayala-24&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;&quot;&gt;25&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em; text-align: -webkit-auto;&quot;&gt;
Como consecuencia de la prematura muerte de&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfonso_XI_de_Castilla&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Alfonso XI de Castilla&quot;&gt;Alfonso XI&lt;/a&gt;, el rey&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedro_I_de_Castilla&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Pedro I de Castilla&quot;&gt;Pedro I&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;fue coronado con tan sólo 16 años; dada su juventud era necesario encontrar a alguien de confianza que le asesorase en el gobierno. Así volvieron las intrigas y rivalidades por conseguir la privanza del rey. El vencedor fue&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_Alfonso_de_Alburquerque&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Juan Alfonso de Alburquerque&quot;&gt;Juan Alfonso de Alburquerque&lt;/a&gt;, los perdedores, los hijos ilegítimos de&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfonso_XI_de_Castilla&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Alfonso XI de Castilla&quot;&gt;Alfonso XI&lt;/a&gt;,&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enrique_II_de_Castilla&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Enrique II de Castilla&quot;&gt;Enrique&lt;/a&gt;,&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fadrique_Alfonso_de_Castilla&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Fadrique Alfonso de Castilla&quot;&gt;Fadrique&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;y&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tello_de_Castilla&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Tello de Castilla&quot;&gt;Tello&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;junto con sus partidarios. A medida que&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedro_I_de_Castilla&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Pedro I de Castilla&quot;&gt;Pedro I&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;crecía, se hacía más patente el descontento general con su privado, el de&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_Alfonso_de_Alburquerque&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Juan Alfonso de Alburquerque&quot;&gt;Aburquerque&lt;/a&gt;. Cuando el rey se consideró autosuficiente, prescindió de sus servicios y decidió gobernar personalmente, sin privados. Es más,&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedro_I_de_Castilla&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Pedro I de Castilla&quot;&gt;Pedro I&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;comenzó a otorgar cargos de confianza a la oligarquía castellana, mercaderes y gestores de gran valía, pero sin títulos; muchos de ellos eran incluso judíos o conversos. Esta política deparó grandes beneficios económicos a la corona, pero puso en su contra a la nobleza que tenía en los cargos palatinos una de sus fuentes de riqueza y poder.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em; text-align: -webkit-auto;&quot;&gt;
Los nobles se organizaron en torno a los hermanastros de&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedro_I_de_Castilla&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Pedro I de Castilla&quot;&gt;Pedro I&lt;/a&gt;, los citados&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enrique_II_de_Castilla&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Enrique II de Castilla&quot;&gt;Enrique&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;y&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fadrique_Alfonso_de_Castilla&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Fadrique Alfonso de Castilla&quot;&gt;Fadrique&lt;/a&gt;, pero fueron derrotados en&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/1353&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;1353&quot;&gt;1353&lt;/a&gt;.&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enrique_II_de_Castilla&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Enrique II de Castilla&quot;&gt;Enrique&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;se tuvo que refugiar en&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francia&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Francia&quot;&gt;Francia&lt;/a&gt;. El rey, que se siente poderoso, decide eliminar a la nobleza como competidora política: no duda en deponer eclesiásticos, nombrar maestres de órdenes militares, ejecutar nobles disidentes (entre ellos, su propio hermanastro,&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fadrique_Alfonso_de_Castilla&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Fadrique Alfonso de Castilla&quot;&gt;Fadrique&lt;/a&gt;), imponer tributos, confiscar propiedades nobiliaras... Es entonces cuando sus enemigos comenzaron a llamarle&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;El Cruel&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;y sus partidarios&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;El Justiciero&lt;/b&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em; text-align: -webkit-auto;&quot;&gt;
Debido a sus pactos con&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inglaterra&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Inglaterra&quot;&gt;Inglaterra&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;en la&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guerra_de_los_Cien_A%C3%B1os&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Guerra de los Cien Años&quot;&gt;Guerra de los Cien Años&lt;/a&gt;,&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedro_I_de_Castilla&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Pedro I de Castilla&quot;&gt;Pedro I&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;decidió atacar la&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corona_de_Arag%C3%B3n&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Corona de Aragón&quot;&gt;Corona de Aragón&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;en torno a&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/1357&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;1357&quot;&gt;1357&lt;/a&gt;. El&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedro_IV_de_Arag%C3%B3n&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Pedro IV de Aragón&quot;&gt;rey de Aragón&lt;/a&gt;, en clara inferioridad frente a los castellanos, consiguió la ayuda de mercenarios franceses que venían comandados por el hermanastro huido:&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enrique_II_de_Castilla&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Enrique II de Castilla&quot;&gt;Enrique de Trastámara&lt;/a&gt;. Éste decidió apoyar a los aragoneses con la condición de que éstos le ayudasen a convertirse en rey de&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corona_de_Castilla&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Corona de Castilla&quot;&gt;Castilla&lt;/a&gt;. Los aragoneses, con los refuerzos de franceses entraron victoriosos en Castilla y coronaron a&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enrique_II_de_Castilla&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Enrique II de Castilla&quot;&gt;Enrique II&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;en Burgos, pero&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedro_I_de_Castilla&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Pedro I de Castilla&quot;&gt;Pedro I&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;supo maniobrar, y reforzó sus tropas con mercenarios ingleses, derrotando a su hermano en la&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;Batalla de Nájera&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;(&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/1367&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;1367&quot;&gt;1367&lt;/a&gt;). Sin embargo, a pesar de sus esfuerzos militares,&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedro_I_de_Castilla&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Pedro I de Castilla&quot;&gt;Pedro I&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;estaba perdiendo apoyo social a causa de su excesivo autoritarismo; además se había quedado sin fondos y, al no poder pagar a los mercenarios ingleses, éstos le abandonaron.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em; text-align: -webkit-auto;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enrique_II_de_Castilla&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Enrique II de Castilla&quot;&gt;Enrique II&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;contraatacó adueñándose de buena parte del reino, hasta que sus tropas se enfrentaron a las de&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedro_I_de_Castilla&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Pedro I de Castilla&quot;&gt;Pedro I&lt;/a&gt;, muy mermadas y desmoralizadas, en&amp;nbsp;&lt;a class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montiel_(Ciudad_Real)&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Montiel (Ciudad Real)&quot;&gt;Montiel&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;(&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/1369&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;1369&quot;&gt;1369&lt;/a&gt;). La derrota obligó a&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedro_I_de_Castilla&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Pedro I de Castilla&quot;&gt;Pedro I&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;a refugiarse en el castillo de la mencionada localidad, pero&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enrique_II_de_Castilla&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Enrique II de Castilla&quot;&gt;Enrique II&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;le tendió una trampa, haciéndole creer que podría huir, le hizo salir asesinándole personalmente.&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px;&quot;&gt;Véase también:&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedro_I_de_Castilla&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Pedro I de Castilla&quot;&gt;Pedro I de Castilla&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;h4 style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: initial; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; text-align: -webkit-auto; width: auto;&quot;&gt;

&lt;span class=&quot;editsection&quot; style=&quot;float: right; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 5px;&quot;&gt;[&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Crisis_de_la_Edad_Media_en_Espa%C3%B1a&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=16&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Editar sección: Periodo de consolidación monárquica&quot;&gt;editar&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mw-headline&quot; id=&quot;Periodo_de_consolidaci.C3.B3n_mon.C3.A1rquica&quot;&gt;Periodo de consolidación monárquica&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h4&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em; text-align: -webkit-auto;&quot;&gt;
El reinado de&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enrique_II_de_Castilla&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Enrique II de Castilla&quot;&gt;Enrique II&lt;/a&gt;, una vez satisfechas las promesas a los nobles que le apoyaron, intentó, por todos los medios, volver al&amp;nbsp;&lt;i&gt;statu quo&lt;/i&gt;&amp;nbsp;de su padre,&amp;nbsp;&lt;a class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfonso_XI&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Alfonso XI&quot;&gt;Alfonso XI&lt;/a&gt;. Mantuvo contenta, pero a raya a la nobleza y a las grandes ciudades, volvió a confiar en los&amp;nbsp;&lt;a class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jud%C3%ADo&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Judío&quot;&gt;judíos&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;y favoreció la recuperación después de tan larga guerra.&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;div class=&quot;thumbinner&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; font-size: 12px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: center; width: 302px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a class=&quot;image&quot; href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archivo:AljubarrotaBattle.jpg&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;thumbimage&quot; height=&quot;174&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5e/AljubarrotaBattle.jpg&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;&quot; width=&quot;300&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;thumbcaption&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.4em; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;magnify&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-image: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; float: right;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a class=&quot;internal&quot; href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archivo:AljubarrotaBattle.jpg&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-image: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; color: #0b0080; display: block; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Aumentar&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;&quot; height=&quot;11&quot; src=&quot;http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.18/common/images/magnify-clip.png&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-color: initial; border-image: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; border-width: initial; display: block; vertical-align: middle;&quot; width=&quot;15&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batalla_de_Aljubarrota&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Batalla de Aljubarrota&quot;&gt;Batalla de Aljubarrota&lt;/a&gt;: los arqueros ingleses decantan la victoria hacia Portugal en contra de los Castellanos.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em; text-align: -webkit-auto;&quot;&gt;
No hubo tanta suerte con&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_I_de_Castilla&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Juan I de Castilla&quot;&gt;Juan I&lt;/a&gt;, su hijo y heredero, que tenía ambiciones hegemónicas con respecto a toda la&amp;nbsp;&lt;a class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pen%C3%ADnsula_Ib%C3%A9rica&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Península Ibérica&quot;&gt;Península Ibérica&lt;/a&gt;, lo que le llevó a atacar a&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugal&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Portugal&quot;&gt;Portugal&lt;/a&gt;, siendo derrotado en&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batalla_de_Aljubarrota&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Batalla de Aljubarrota&quot;&gt;Aljubarrota&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;en&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/1385&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;1385&quot;&gt;1385&lt;/a&gt;. Lo peor estaba por llegar, pues el ataque a&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugal&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Portugal&quot;&gt;Portugal&lt;/a&gt;dio pie a sus aliados ingleses a devolver el golpe. Éstos iban dirigidos por el yerno del finado,&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedro_I_de_Castilla&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Pedro I de Castilla&quot;&gt;Pedro I&lt;/a&gt;, el&amp;nbsp;&lt;a class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_de_Gante&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Juan de Gante&quot;&gt;duque de Lancaster&lt;/a&gt;, con la pretensión de recuperar la corona (y, de paso, desestabilizar el apoyo castellano a los franceses en la&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guerra_de_los_Cien_A%C3%B1os&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Guerra de los Cien Años&quot;&gt;Guerra de los Cien Años&lt;/a&gt;). La dura resistencia ofrecía por el rey de&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corona_de_Castilla&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Corona de Castilla&quot;&gt;Castilla&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;obligó a un pacto favorable a ambos bandos. El hijo de&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_I_de_Castilla&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Juan I de Castilla&quot;&gt;Juan I&lt;/a&gt;, Enrique, casaría con la hija del&amp;nbsp;&lt;a class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_de_Gante&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Juan de Gante&quot;&gt;duque de Lancaster&lt;/a&gt;,&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalina_de_Lanc%C3%A1ster&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Catalina de Lancáster&quot;&gt;Catalina&lt;/a&gt;, nieta de&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedro_I_de_Castilla&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Pedro I de Castilla&quot;&gt;Pedro I el Cruel&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;en&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/1387&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;1387&quot;&gt;1387&lt;/a&gt;. Así,&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_I_de_Castilla&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Juan I de Castilla&quot;&gt;Juan I&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;pudo volver a la política de recuperación interior y consolidación del poder regio iniciada por su padre.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em; text-align: -webkit-auto;&quot;&gt;
De nuevo una muerte accidental prematura del soberano hace que&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enrique_III_de_Castilla&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Enrique III de Castilla&quot;&gt;Enrique III&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;sea coronado a los once años. Las minorías de edad de los reyes son siempre un caldo de cultivo para la inestabilidad: de hecho, la anarquía fue un hecho entre&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/1390&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;1390&quot;&gt;1390&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;y&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/1393&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;1393&quot;&gt;1393&lt;/a&gt;. Con la mayoría de edad, el rey siguió la costumbre iniciada con&amp;nbsp;&lt;a class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfonso_XI&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Alfonso XI&quot;&gt;Alfonso XI&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;y seguida por todos los&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casa_de_Trast%C3%A1mara&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Casa de Trastámara&quot;&gt;Trastámara&lt;/a&gt;:&amp;nbsp;&lt;i&gt;anular políticamente a la nobleza, reducir las prerrogativas de las cortes y las ciudades y fortalecer la corona&lt;/i&gt;. Sin embargo, esto tuvo un precio,&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enrique_III_de_Castilla&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Enrique III de Castilla&quot;&gt;Enrique III&lt;/a&gt;tuvo que apoyarse continuamente en su tío&amp;nbsp;&lt;a class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fernando_de_Antequera&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Fernando de Antequera&quot;&gt;Fernando de Antequera&lt;/a&gt;, que acabó convirtiéndose el el hombre más poderoso de&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corona_de_Castilla&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Corona de Castilla&quot;&gt;Castilla&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;y en alguien imprescindible para el monarca: en&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/1406&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;1406&quot;&gt;1406&lt;/a&gt;,&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enrique_III_de_Castilla&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Enrique III de Castilla&quot;&gt;Enrique III&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;enfermó y&amp;nbsp;&lt;a class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fernando_de_Antequera&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Fernando de Antequera&quot;&gt;Fernando&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;se hizo cargo del gobierno. Atacó el reino de Granada y conquistó&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antequera&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Antequera&quot;&gt;Antequera&lt;/a&gt;, con lo que a su poder político y económico unía su prestigio militar.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em; text-align: -webkit-auto;&quot;&gt;
Cuando el tío y favorito del&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enrique_III_de_Castilla&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Enrique III de Castilla&quot;&gt;rey&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;fue elegido monarca de&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corona_de_Arag%C3%B3n&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Corona de Aragón&quot;&gt;Aragón&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;en&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/1412&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;1412&quot;&gt;1412&lt;/a&gt;, como&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fernando_I_de_Arag%C3%B3n&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Fernando I de Aragón&quot;&gt;Fernando I&lt;/a&gt;, no sólo no renunció a su regencia, sino que empleó los pocos años de vida que le quedaban para asegurar el futuro de sus hijos en&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corona_de_Castilla&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Corona de Castilla&quot;&gt;Castilla&lt;/a&gt;, lo que provocaría una nueva situación de crisis, por no decir de guerra civil.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;h4 style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: initial; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; text-align: -webkit-auto; width: auto;&quot;&gt;

&lt;span class=&quot;editsection&quot; style=&quot;float: right; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 5px;&quot;&gt;[&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Crisis_de_la_Edad_Media_en_Espa%C3%B1a&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=17&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Editar sección: Don Álvaro de Luna y los Infantes de Aragón&quot;&gt;editar&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mw-headline&quot; id=&quot;Don_.C3.81lvaro_de_Luna_y_los_Infantes_de_Arag.C3.B3n&quot;&gt;Don Álvaro de Luna y los Infantes de Aragón&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h4&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em; text-align: -webkit-auto;&quot;&gt;
Los hijos de&amp;nbsp;&lt;a class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fernando_de_Antequera&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Fernando de Antequera&quot;&gt;Fernando de Antequera&lt;/a&gt;, a quienes se conocía con el nombre genérico de los&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infantes_de_Arag%C3%B3n&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Infantes de Aragón&quot;&gt;Infantes de Aragón&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt;, aprovecharon todo su poder y la minoría de edad del nuevo rey,&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_II_de_Castilla&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Juan II de Castilla&quot;&gt;Juan II&lt;/a&gt;, para intentar controlar&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corona_de_Castilla&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Corona de Castilla&quot;&gt;Castilla&lt;/a&gt;. Estos infantes eran&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_II_de_Arag%C3%B3n&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Juan II de Aragón&quot;&gt;Juan&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt;, duque de Peñafiel y futuro rey de&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reino_de_Navarra&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Reino de Navarra&quot;&gt;Navarra&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;(y heredero de su hermano en la&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corona_de_Arag%C3%B3n&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Corona de Aragón&quot;&gt;corona de Aragón&lt;/a&gt;),&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfonso_V_de_Arag%C3%B3n&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Alfonso V de Aragón&quot;&gt;Alfonso&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt;, rey de&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corona_de_Arag%C3%B3n&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Corona de Aragón&quot;&gt;Aragón&lt;/a&gt;, y&lt;b&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enrique_de_Trast%C3%A1mara,_Infante_de_Arag%C3%B3n&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Enrique de Trastámara, Infante de Aragón&quot;&gt;Enrique&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt;, conde de Villena y Maestre de la&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orden_de_Santiago&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Orden de Santiago&quot;&gt;Orden de Santiago&lt;/a&gt;. Éstos contaban con el apoyo de&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugal&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Portugal&quot;&gt;Portugal&lt;/a&gt;,&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inglaterra&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Inglaterra&quot;&gt;Inglaterra&lt;/a&gt;,&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corona_de_Arag%C3%B3n&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Corona de Aragón&quot;&gt;Aragón&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;y&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reino_de_Navarra&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Reino de Navarra&quot;&gt;Navarra&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;(además de gran parte de la alta nobleza castellana), dejando a&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corona_de_Castilla&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Corona de Castilla&quot;&gt;Castilla&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;y a su&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_II_de_Castilla&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Juan II de Castilla&quot;&gt;rey&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;una clara situación de aislamiento, con el único apoyo de&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francia&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Francia&quot;&gt;Francia&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em; text-align: -webkit-auto;&quot;&gt;
Sin embargo,&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_II_de_Castilla&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Juan II de Castilla&quot;&gt;Juan II&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;contó con la ayuda de un hombre de confianza de energía excepcional, el&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81lvaro_de_Luna&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Álvaro de Luna&quot;&gt;Condestable Don&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;Álvaro de Luna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/a&gt;. Convertido en favorito del rey, expulsó a los&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infantes_de_Arag%C3%B3n&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Infantes de Aragón&quot;&gt;Infantes&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;en&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/1430&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;1430&quot;&gt;1430&lt;/a&gt;. Sin embargo, a pesar de su incuestionable fidelidad a la corona, lo cierto es que actuaba con demasiada autonomía, a veces incumplía la ley arbitrariamente, se comportaba despóticamente y acumulaba demasiado poder. El rey, con muy poco carácter, se dejó convencer de que era peligroso para su reino y desterró a don&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81lvaro_de_Luna&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Álvaro de Luna&quot;&gt;Álvaro de Luna&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;en&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/1439&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;1439&quot;&gt;1439&lt;/a&gt;. Este desliz fue aprovechado por los&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infantes_de_Arag%C3%B3n&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Infantes de Aragón&quot;&gt;Infantes de Aragón&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;que volvieron a atacar Castilla, haciendo prisionero al rey en&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/1443&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;1443&quot;&gt;1443&lt;/a&gt;.; pero el&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81lvaro_de_Luna&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Álvaro de Luna&quot;&gt;Condestable&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;volvió a tiempo, infligiéndoles un contundente derrota en la&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primera_Batalla_de_Olmedo&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Primera Batalla de Olmedo&quot;&gt;Primera Batalla de Olmedo&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;(&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/1445&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;1445&quot;&gt;1445&lt;/a&gt;), en la que murió uno de los&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infantes_de_Arag%C3%B3n&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Infantes de Aragón&quot;&gt;infantes&lt;/a&gt;:&amp;nbsp;&lt;a class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enrique_de_Trast%C3%A1mara,_Infante_de_Arag%C3%B3n&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Enrique de Trastámara, Infante de Aragón&quot;&gt;don Enrique&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;el conde de Villena. La guerra terminó favorablemente para&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corona_de_Castilla&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Corona de Castilla&quot;&gt;Castilla&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em; text-align: -webkit-auto;&quot;&gt;
Cuando don&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81lvaro_de_Luna&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Álvaro de Luna&quot;&gt;Álvaro de Luna&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;se consideraba poco menos que intocable, perdió el favor del rey&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_II_de_Castilla&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Juan II de Castilla&quot;&gt;Juan II&lt;/a&gt;, debido a la influencia de su segunda esposa,&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isabel_de_Portugal,_reina_de_Castilla&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Isabel de Portugal, reina de Castilla&quot;&gt;Isabel de Portugal&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;(madre de&amp;nbsp;&lt;a class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isabel_la_Cat%C3%B3lica&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Isabel la Católica&quot;&gt;Isabel la Católica&lt;/a&gt;), y de&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;Juan Pacheco&lt;/b&gt;, que aspira a ser el nuevo privado del rey. Aquél fue acusado por el asesinato de Alonso Pérez Vivero (contador mayor del rey) y condenado a muerte. El omnipotente privado real fue ajusticiado en&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valladolid&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Valladolid&quot;&gt;Valladolid&lt;/a&gt;, en&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/1453&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;1453&quot;&gt;1453&lt;/a&gt;. Al año siguiente murió el propio&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_II_de_Castilla&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Juan II de Castilla&quot;&gt;Juan II&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;viendo como un gran número de lugares de realengo habían pasado a manos de los nobles.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;VT&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.2ex; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: -webkit-auto;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px;&quot;&gt;Véanse también:&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infantes_de_Arag%C3%B3n&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Infantes de Aragón&quot;&gt;Infantes de Aragón&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;y&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81lvaro_de_Luna&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Álvaro de Luna&quot;&gt;Álvaro de Luna&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;h4 style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: initial; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; text-align: -webkit-auto; width: auto;&quot;&gt;

&lt;span class=&quot;editsection&quot; style=&quot;float: right; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 5px;&quot;&gt;[&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Crisis_de_la_Edad_Media_en_Espa%C3%B1a&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=18&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Editar sección: Enrique IV y su hermanastro Alfonso (1454 a 1474)&quot;&gt;editar&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mw-headline&quot; id=&quot;Enrique_IV_y_su_hermanastro_Alfonso_.281454_a_1474.29&quot;&gt;Enrique IV y su hermanastro Alfonso (1454 a 1474)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h4&gt;
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&lt;a class=&quot;image&quot; href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archivo:Enrriqvs_4%C2%BA.jpg&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;thumbimage&quot; height=&quot;249&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Enrriqvs_4%C2%BA.jpg/175px-Enrriqvs_4%C2%BA.jpg&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;&quot; width=&quot;175&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;a class=&quot;internal&quot; href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archivo:Enrriqvs_4%C2%BA.jpg&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-image: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; color: #0b0080; display: block; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Aumentar&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;&quot; height=&quot;11&quot; src=&quot;http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.18/common/images/magnify-clip.png&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-color: initial; border-image: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; border-width: initial; display: block; vertical-align: middle;&quot; width=&quot;15&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;cite&gt;El provincial ha llegado&lt;br /&gt;a questa corte real,&lt;br /&gt;de nuevos motes cargado,&lt;br /&gt;ganoso de dezir mal...&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ah, fray capellán mayor,&lt;br /&gt;don Enrique de Castilla,&lt;br /&gt;¿a cómo vale el ardor&lt;br /&gt;que traéis en vuestra silla?&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;sup class=&quot;reference&quot; id=&quot;cite_ref-25&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crisis_de_la_Edad_Media_en_Espa%C3%B1a#cite_note-25&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;&quot;&gt;26&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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Desde la&amp;nbsp;&lt;a class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primera_Batalla_de_Olmedo&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Primera Batalla de Olmedo&quot;&gt;primera batalla de Olmedo&lt;/a&gt;, el descontento de los nobles que habían ayudado a&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_II_de_Castilla&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Juan II de Castilla&quot;&gt;Juan II&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;y a los que el&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81lvaro_de_Luna&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Álvaro de Luna&quot;&gt;Condestable&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;había dejado de lado, había ido en aumento y se concentró en torno al heredero encabezados por&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;Juan Pacheco&lt;/b&gt;. Cuando el heredero fue coronado como&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enrique_IV_de_Castilla&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Enrique IV de Castilla&quot;&gt;Enrique IV de Castilla&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt;, estaba tan dominado por su séquito que apenas tenía autoridad moral en el reino, a pesar de lo cual, Juan Pacheco comenzó a actuar, de nuevo, al margen de la aristocracia. Aunque los primeros años del gobierno del rey fueron fructíferos en el ámbito económico, social y de política exterior; la alta nobleza exigía su parte y la monarquía no podía pagar un precio tan alto.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em; text-align: -webkit-auto;&quot;&gt;
El bando antirrealista se configuró en torno al&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;arzobispo de Toledo&lt;/b&gt;,&amp;nbsp;&lt;i&gt;Alfonso Carrillo, el Conde de Haro, el Almirante don Enrique&lt;/i&gt;&amp;nbsp;y&amp;nbsp;&lt;i&gt;el Marqués de Santillana&lt;/i&gt;. A pesar de los intentos de sus allegados, el rey no fue capaz de enfrentarse a la responsabilidad de iniciar una guerra contra estos enemigos y depurar la oposición. Los nobles contrarios, al ver tal pusilanimidad, escenificaron la&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;Farsa de Ávila&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;en&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/1465&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;1465&quot;&gt;1465&lt;/a&gt;: un monigote que representaba al rey fue depuesto, mientras los disidentes coronaban a su hermanastro, el infante don Alfonso, que tenía 11 años. La&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corona_de_Castilla&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Corona de Castilla&quot;&gt;corona de Castilla&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;se sumió de nuevo en la anarquía. Cuando, finalmente,&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enrique_IV_de_Castilla&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Enrique IV de Castilla&quot;&gt;Enrique IV&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;se decidió a combatir, derrotó a sus opositores en la&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Segunda_batalla_de_Olmedo&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Segunda batalla de Olmedo&quot;&gt;segunda batalla de Olmedo&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt;,&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/1467&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;1467&quot;&gt;1467&lt;/a&gt;; poco después, su hermanastro y rival, el infante don Alfonso moría prematuramente en&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/1468&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;1468&quot;&gt;1468&lt;/a&gt;. Sin embargo, a pesar de tener todo a su favor, el rey volvió a mostrar su carácter timorato, negociando con los vencidos. Ellos aprovecharon para ofrecer el trono a su hermanastra&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isabel_I_de_Castilla&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Isabel I de Castilla&quot;&gt;Isabel&lt;/a&gt;. Pero ella, que tenía muy clara la idea de la&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monarqu%C3%ADa&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Monarquía&quot;&gt;monarquía&lt;/a&gt;, se negó, porque eso hubiera supuesto convertirse, como lo hizo su difunto hermano Alfonso, en una marioneta.&lt;/div&gt;
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No obstante,&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isabel_I_de_Castilla&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Isabel I de Castilla&quot;&gt;Isabel&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;no despreció la ocasión; aprovechó la falta de carácter de su hermanastro, el rey, consiguiendo de éste que desheredase a su propia hija&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juana_la_Beltraneja&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Juana la Beltraneja&quot;&gt;Juana&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;y la pusiese a ella en el primer lugar de la línea sucesoria, a cambio de que el marido de la futura reina fuese elegido por&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enrique_IV_de_Castilla&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Enrique IV de Castilla&quot;&gt;Enrique IV&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;b&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tratado_de_los_Toros_de_Guisando&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Tratado de los Toros de Guisando&quot;&gt;Tratado de los Toros de Guisando&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt;,&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/1468&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;1468&quot;&gt;1468&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em; text-align: -webkit-auto;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isabel_I_de_Castilla&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Isabel I de Castilla&quot;&gt;Isabel&lt;/a&gt;, que en secreto había recibido el apoyo del rey&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_II_de_Arag%C3%B3n&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Juan II de Aragón&quot;&gt;Juan II de Aragón&lt;/a&gt;, ya tenía concertado el matrimonio con su primo&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fernando_II_de_Arag%C3%B3n&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Fernando II de Aragón&quot;&gt;Fernando&lt;/a&gt;, heredero al trono de su padre. Se casó clandestinamente en&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/1469&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;1469&quot;&gt;1469&lt;/a&gt;, en&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valladolid&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Valladolid&quot;&gt;Valladolid&lt;/a&gt;, sin permiso del rey de&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corona_de_Castilla&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Corona de Castilla&quot;&gt;Castilla&lt;/a&gt;. Como eran primos, habían obtenido una bula del papa valenciano&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alejandro_VI&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Alejandro VI&quot;&gt;Alejandro VI&lt;/a&gt;. Cuando la boda trascendió, quedó clara la total alianza de&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isabel_I_de_Castilla&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Isabel I de Castilla&quot;&gt;Isabel&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;con la&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corona_de_Arag%C3%B3n&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Corona de Aragón&quot;&gt;Corona de Aragón&lt;/a&gt;: de nuevo la amenaza aragonesa se cernía sobre&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corona_de_Castilla&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Corona de Castilla&quot;&gt;Castilla&lt;/a&gt;, incluso los enemigos de&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enrique_IV_de_Castilla&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Enrique IV de Castilla&quot;&gt;Enrique IV&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;se alarmaron, la&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;Guerra civil era inevitable&lt;/b&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px;&quot;&gt;Véase también:&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enrique_IV_de_Castilla&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Enrique IV de Castilla&quot;&gt;Enrique IV de Castilla&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;h4 style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: initial; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; text-align: -webkit-auto; width: auto;&quot;&gt;

&lt;span class=&quot;editsection&quot; style=&quot;float: right; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 5px;&quot;&gt;[&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Crisis_de_la_Edad_Media_en_Espa%C3%B1a&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=19&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Editar sección: Isabel de Castilla y Juana la Beltraneja, la &amp;quot;Segunda Guerra Civil Castellana&amp;quot; (1474-1476)&quot;&gt;editar&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mw-headline&quot; id=&quot;Isabel_de_Castilla_y_Juana_la_Beltraneja.2C_la_.22Segunda_Guerra_Civil_Castellana.22_.281474-1476.29&quot;&gt;Isabel de Castilla y Juana la Beltraneja, la &quot;Segunda Guerra Civil Castellana&quot; (1474-1476)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h4&gt;
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&lt;a class=&quot;image&quot; href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archivo:IsabellaofCastile05.jpg&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;IsabellaofCastile05.jpg&quot; height=&quot;304&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/IsabellaofCastile05.jpg/180px-IsabellaofCastile05.jpg&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;&quot; width=&quot;180&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em; text-align: -webkit-auto;&quot;&gt;
El matrimonio entre&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isabel_I_de_Castilla&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Isabel I de Castilla&quot;&gt;Isabel&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;y&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fernando_II_de_Arag%C3%B3n&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Fernando II de Aragón&quot;&gt;Fernando&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;invalidaba el&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tratado_de_los_Toros_de_Guisando&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Tratado de los Toros de Guisando&quot;&gt;Tratado de los Toros de Guisando&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;y, por tanto, volvía a convertir a&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juana_la_Beltraneja&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Juana la Beltraneja&quot;&gt;Juana&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;en heredera. Sin embargo,&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isabel_I_de_Castilla&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Isabel I de Castilla&quot;&gt;Isabel&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;se encargó de airear la impotencia de&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enrique_IV_de_Castilla&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Enrique IV de Castilla&quot;&gt;Enrique IV&lt;/a&gt;, a la vez que acusaba a su esposa de infidelidad. Según los rumores difundidos, Juana sería hija de uno de los hombres de confianza del rey,&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beltr%C3%A1n_de_la_Cueva&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Beltrán de la Cueva&quot;&gt;Beltrán de la Cueva&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt;, por lo que comenzaron a apodarla &quot;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juana_la_Beltraneja&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Juana la Beltraneja&quot;&gt;la Beltraneja&lt;/a&gt;&quot;.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em; text-align: -webkit-auto;&quot;&gt;
A la muerte del&amp;nbsp;&lt;a class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rey&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Rey&quot;&gt;rey&lt;/a&gt;, en&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/1474&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;1474&quot;&gt;1474&lt;/a&gt;,&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isabel_I_de_Castilla&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Isabel I de Castilla&quot;&gt;Isabel&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;se coronó reina de&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corona_de_Castilla&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Corona de Castilla&quot;&gt;Castilla&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;y su marido&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fernando_II_de_Arag%C3%B3n&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Fernando II de Aragón&quot;&gt;Fernando&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;rey consorte. Para conseguir apoyos,&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juana_la_Beltraneja&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Juana la Beltraneja&quot;&gt;Juana&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;se casó con el rey&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfonso_V_de_Portugal&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Alfonso V de Portugal&quot;&gt;Alfonso V de Portugal&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;el cual firmó una alianza con Francia. Se puso, entonces, un importantísimo juego de fuerzas que podría marcar el futuro de gran parte de Europa occidental:&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;ul style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; list-style-image: url(data:image/png; list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: -webkit-auto;&quot;&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isabel_I_de_Castilla&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Isabel I de Castilla&quot;&gt;Isabel&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt;, supuesta reina de&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corona_de_Castilla&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Corona de Castilla&quot;&gt;Castilla&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&amp;nbsp;y&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fernando_II_de_Arag%C3%B3n&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Fernando II de Aragón&quot;&gt;Fernando&lt;/a&gt;,&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pr%C3%ADncipe_de_Gerona&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Príncipe de Gerona&quot;&gt;heredero&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;de&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corona_de_Arag%C3%B3n&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Corona de Aragón&quot;&gt;Aragón&lt;/a&gt;, junto con una parte de la alta nobleza encabezada por el clan de los Mendoza. Contaban por supuesto, con el apoyo de&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corona_de_Arag%C3%B3n&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Corona de Aragón&quot;&gt;Aragón&lt;/a&gt;,&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reino_de_Navarra&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Reino de Navarra&quot;&gt;Navarra&lt;/a&gt;,&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inglaterra&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Inglaterra&quot;&gt;Inglaterra&lt;/a&gt;,&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borgo%C3%B1a&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Borgoña&quot;&gt;Borgoña&lt;/a&gt;,&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breta%C3%B1a&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Bretaña&quot;&gt;Bretaña&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;y&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reino_de_N%C3%A1poles&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Reino de Nápoles&quot;&gt;Nápoles&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;ul style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; list-style-image: url(data:image/png; list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: -webkit-auto;&quot;&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juana_la_Beltraneja&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Juana la Beltraneja&quot;&gt;Juana&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt;, también presunta reina de&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corona_de_Castilla&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Corona de Castilla&quot;&gt;Castilla&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;, con el apoyo de&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugal&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Portugal&quot;&gt;Portugal&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;y&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francia&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Francia&quot;&gt;Francia&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em; text-align: -webkit-auto;&quot;&gt;
Se jugaba algo más que el trono de&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corona_de_Castilla&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Corona de Castilla&quot;&gt;Castilla&lt;/a&gt;, puesto que, según venciera uno u otro bando,&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corona_de_Castilla&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Corona de Castilla&quot;&gt;Castilla&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;se uniría dinásticamente al&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugal&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Portugal&quot;&gt;reino de Portugal&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;o a la&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corona_de_Arag%C3%B3n&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Corona de Aragón&quot;&gt;corona de Aragón&lt;/a&gt;. El estado resultante sería muy diferente. También el tipo de monarquía, puesto que&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isabel_I_de_Castilla&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Isabel I de Castilla&quot;&gt;Isabel&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;planteaba una monarquía autoritaria e independiente de la aristocracia; mientras que&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juana_la_Beltraneja&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Juana la Beltraneja&quot;&gt;Juana&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;representaba a una corona débil y una nobleza poderosa.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em; text-align: -webkit-auto;&quot;&gt;
La victoria de&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isabel_I_de_Castilla&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Isabel I de Castilla&quot;&gt;Isabel&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;y&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fernando_II_de_Arag%C3%B3n&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Fernando II de Aragón&quot;&gt;Fernando&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;sobre las tropas portuguesas en la&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;Batalla de Toro&lt;/b&gt;,&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/1476&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;1476&quot;&gt;1476&lt;/a&gt;, condujo a la unión dinástica con&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corona_de_Arag%C3%B3n&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Corona de Aragón&quot;&gt;Aragón&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;y pacificó&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corona_de_Castilla&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Corona de Castilla&quot;&gt;Castilla&lt;/a&gt;, al menos hasta la llegada de&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlos_I_de_Espa%C3%B1a&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Carlos I de España&quot;&gt;Carlos V&lt;/a&gt;, ya en&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/1516&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;1516&quot;&gt;1516&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;VT&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.2ex; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: -webkit-auto;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px;&quot;&gt;Véase también:&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guerra_de_Sucesi%C3%B3n_Castellana&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Guerra de Sucesión Castellana&quot;&gt;Guerra de Sucesión Castellana&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;h3 style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: initial; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 17px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; text-align: -webkit-auto; width: auto;&quot;&gt;

&lt;span class=&quot;editsection&quot; style=&quot;float: right; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 5px;&quot;&gt;[&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Crisis_de_la_Edad_Media_en_Espa%C3%B1a&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=20&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Editar sección: La Corona de Aragón&quot;&gt;editar&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mw-headline&quot; id=&quot;La_Corona_de_Arag.C3.B3n&quot;&gt;La Corona de Aragón&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em; text-align: -webkit-auto;&quot;&gt;
Antes de relatar las peripecias políticas que sufre la&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;corona de Aragón&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;hay que dejar clara un circunstacia concreta. Mientras que la&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corona_de_Castilla&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Corona de Castilla&quot;&gt;corona de Castilla&lt;/a&gt;, al margen de diferencias sociales o religiosas, todos los súbditos se consideraban de la misma nacionalidad, en la de&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corona_de_Arag%C3%B3n&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Corona de Aragón&quot;&gt;Aragón&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;había arraigadas diferencias nacionales entre los habitantes de los cuatro reinos: el&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Principado_de_Catalu%C3%B1a&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Principado de Cataluña&quot;&gt;principado de Cataluña&lt;/a&gt;, el&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reino_de_Arag%C3%B3n&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Reino de Aragón&quot;&gt;reino de Aragón&lt;/a&gt;, el&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reino_de_Valencia&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Reino de Valencia&quot;&gt;reino de Valencia&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;y el&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reino_de_Mallorca&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Reino de Mallorca&quot;&gt;reino de Mallorca&lt;/a&gt;. En la&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corona_de_Arag%C3%B3n&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Corona de Aragón&quot;&gt;corona de Aragón&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;un barcelonés era considerado extranjero en&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valencia&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Valencia&quot;&gt;Valencia&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;y lo mismo podría decirse de los baleáricos que iban a&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zaragoza&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Zaragoza&quot;&gt;Zaragoza&lt;/a&gt;. Esto condicionó la existencia de un pactismo tradicional y obligado, así como que los conflictos fuesen más numerosos, pero menos destructivos que en&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corona_de_Castilla&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Corona de Castilla&quot;&gt;Castilla&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;h4 style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: initial; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; text-align: -webkit-auto; width: auto;&quot;&gt;

&lt;span class=&quot;editsection&quot; style=&quot;float: right; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 5px;&quot;&gt;[&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Crisis_de_la_Edad_Media_en_Espa%C3%B1a&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=21&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Editar sección: Pedro el Ceremonioso&quot;&gt;editar&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mw-headline&quot; id=&quot;Pedro_el_Ceremonioso&quot;&gt;Pedro el Ceremonioso&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h4&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em; text-align: -webkit-auto;&quot;&gt;
Este rey (&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/1336&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;1336&quot;&gt;1336&lt;/a&gt;-&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/1387&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;1387&quot;&gt;1387&lt;/a&gt;), hijo de&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfonso_IV_de_Arag%C3%B3n&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Alfonso IV de Aragón&quot;&gt;Alfonso el Benigno&lt;/a&gt;, subió al poder con una&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corona_de_Arag%C3%B3n&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Corona de Aragón&quot;&gt;corona de Aragón&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;desmembrada: el&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reino_de_Mallorca&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Reino de Mallorca&quot;&gt;reino de Mallorca&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;se negaba a aceptar el vasallaje al nuevo soberano y el&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reino_de_Valencia&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Reino de Valencia&quot;&gt;reino de Valencia&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;había sido entregado a sus hermanastros, Fernando y Juan de Castilla. Además, su madrastra Leonor de Castilla tenía grandes influencias en las cortes de&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barcelona&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Barcelona&quot;&gt;Barcelona&lt;/a&gt;. Su coronación supuso, incluso, un duro enfrentamiento entre las cortes catalanas y las aragonesas. Sin embargo intervención en la&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;Batalla del Salado&lt;/b&gt;, contra los&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benimerines&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Benimerines&quot;&gt;Benimerines&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;del Estrecho, le permitió contar con el agradecido apoyo del rey castellano&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfonso_XI_de_Castilla&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Alfonso XI de Castilla&quot;&gt;Alfonso XI&lt;/a&gt;. Así, Pedro pudo pacificar y unificar la corona, y centrarse en los problemas mediterráneos.&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedro_IV_de_Arag%C3%B3n&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Pedro IV de Aragón&quot;&gt;Pedro el Ceremonioso&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;tuvo que hacer frente a la Peste negra, a la rebelión de Cerdeña y a los ataques genoveses. Pese a sus numerosos éxitos militares, la guerra catalano-genovesa se imbricó en la confusa red de alianzas provocada por la&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guerra_de_los_Cien_A%C3%B1os&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Guerra de los Cien Años&quot;&gt;Guerra de los Cien Años&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;y no tuvo fin hasta el siglo XV.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em; text-align: -webkit-auto;&quot;&gt;
La inclinación del rey hacia los problemas mediterráneos produjo cierto abandono del&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reino_de_Arag%C3%B3n&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Reino de Aragón&quot;&gt;reino de Aragón&lt;/a&gt;. Así, la nobleza aprovechó para alzarse contra&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedro_IV_de_Arag%C3%B3n&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Pedro IV de Aragón&quot;&gt;Pedro el Ceremonioso&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;en&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/1346&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;1346&quot;&gt;1346&lt;/a&gt;. Los sublevados formaron la llamada&amp;nbsp;&lt;i&gt;Unión aragonesa&lt;/i&gt;&amp;nbsp;que no pudo ser derrototada (tras varios vaivenes militares) hasta la&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89pila&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Épila&quot;&gt;Batalla de Épila&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;(&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/1348&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;1348&quot;&gt;1348&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em; text-align: -webkit-auto;&quot;&gt;
No acaban aquí los problemas, la subida al trono de&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedro_I_de_Castilla&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Pedro I de Castilla&quot;&gt;Pedro I de Castilla&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;y las complejas alianzas derivadas de la&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guerra_de_los_Cien_A%C3%B1os&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Guerra de los Cien Años&quot;&gt;Guerra de los Cien Años&lt;/a&gt;, acabara provocando la llamada&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;«Guerra de los dos Pedros»&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;(1356-1365). El&amp;nbsp;&lt;i&gt;casus belli&lt;/i&gt;&amp;nbsp;fue la alianza del&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedro_I_de_Castilla&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Pedro I de Castilla&quot;&gt;rey castellano&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;con los genoveses y las disputas fronterizas en&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reino_de_Arag%C3%B3n&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Reino de Aragón&quot;&gt;Aragón&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;y&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reino_de_Valencia&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Reino de Valencia&quot;&gt;Valencia&lt;/a&gt;: A pesar de la valía militar del&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedro_IV_de_Arag%C3%B3n&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Pedro IV de Aragón&quot;&gt;Pedro aragonés&lt;/a&gt;, el&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedro_I_de_Castilla&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Pedro I de Castilla&quot;&gt;Pedro castellano&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;jugó sus bazas más ventajosas, a saber: la potencia demográfica de Castilla (con más de cinco millones de habitantes), frente a la de Aragón (con un millón de habitantes); y la autoridad de la monarquía castellana, sin contrapeso en las cortes, las ciudades ni la nobleza (en oposicón, la&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corona_de_Arag%C3%B3n&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Corona de Aragón&quot;&gt;corona de Aragón&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;tenía que consultar a las cortes de cada reino cada leva o cada impuesto extraordinario, lo que demoraba el proceso de preparación de tropas varios meses). Las claras desventajas de la&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corona_de_Arag%C3%B3n&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Corona de Aragón&quot;&gt;corona de Aragón&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;obligaron a pactar con&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enrique_II_de_Castilla&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Enrique II de Castilla&quot;&gt;Enrique de Trastámara&lt;/a&gt;, que como hemos visto era hermanastro del rey de Castilla y pretendiente al trono. La&amp;nbsp;&lt;i&gt;Guerra de los dos Pedros&lt;/i&gt;&amp;nbsp;supuso un desastre inútil para ambas monarquías y derivó en la&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crisis_de_la_Edad_Media_en_Espa%C3%B1a#La_Guerra_de_los_Trast.C3.A1mara_.281366-1369.29&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Crisis de la Edad Media en España&quot;&gt;Guerra civil Castellana&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;que ya hemos tratado.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;h4 style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: initial; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; text-align: -webkit-auto; width: auto;&quot;&gt;

&lt;span class=&quot;editsection&quot; style=&quot;float: right; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 5px;&quot;&gt;[&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Crisis_de_la_Edad_Media_en_Espa%C3%B1a&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=22&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Editar sección: Los hijos de Pedro el Ceremonioso: Juan I y Martín el Humano&quot;&gt;editar&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mw-headline&quot; id=&quot;Los_hijos_de_Pedro_el_Ceremonioso:_Juan_I_y_Mart.C3.ADn_el_Humano&quot;&gt;Los hijos de Pedro el Ceremonioso: Juan I y Martín el Humano&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h4&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em; text-align: -webkit-auto;&quot;&gt;
Juan I constituye un triste ejemplo de mal gobierno, desinterés, manipulación y corrupción, llegando a ser acusado de preparar falsas invasiones para poder obtener dinero de las cortes. En efecto,&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_I_de_Arag%C3%B3n&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Juan I de Aragón&quot;&gt;Juan I de Aragón&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;(&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/1387&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;1387&quot;&gt;1387&lt;/a&gt;-&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/1396&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;1396&quot;&gt;1396&lt;/a&gt;) carecía de ingresos suficientes para su política, se desinteresó por los problemas mediterráneos y se rodeó de consejeros corruptos. Ante la reiterada negativa de las cortes de darle dinero, se vio obligado a pedir préstamos, llegando a estar totalmente dominado por su prestamista (&lt;b&gt;Luqui Scarampo&lt;/b&gt;) a quien llegó a deber 68.000&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flor%C3%ADn&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Florín&quot;&gt;florines&lt;/a&gt;. Este financiero, además, corrompió a sus consejeros que fueron acusados de recibir comisiones y de mandar al rey a cazar para distraerle de los asuntos de palacio. Su gobierno se caracteriza por la anarquía social y por la pérdida de prestigio de la corona, no sólo interior, sino en toda&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europa&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Europa&quot;&gt;Europa&lt;/a&gt;:&amp;nbsp;&lt;i&gt;«Los mercaderes y otros que van fuera de vuestros reinos hacen escarnio de vos diciendo que el rey no tiene qué comer»&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em; text-align: -webkit-auto;&quot;&gt;
Por eso, casi todo el reinado de&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mart%C3%ADn_I_de_Arag%C3%B3n&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Martín I de Aragón&quot;&gt;Martín I de Aragón&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;(&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/1396&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;1396&quot;&gt;1396&lt;/a&gt;-&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/1410&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;1410&quot;&gt;1410&lt;/a&gt;) estuvo dedicado a poner orden en el país y en sus relaciones mediterráneas. A pesar de sus esfuerzos (la&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;victoria de San Luri&lt;/b&gt;,&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/1409&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;1409&quot;&gt;1409&lt;/a&gt;, en&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerde%C3%B1a&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Cerdeña&quot;&gt;Cerdeña&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;y la pacificación de&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sicilia&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Sicilia&quot;&gt;Sicilia&lt;/a&gt;), el declive catalano-aragonés en el Mediterráneo era un hecho. Los castellanos se habían convertido en una potencia marítima y sus corsarios se entrometieron demasiado en el comercio catalán. En el interior, al menos recuperó la jurisdicción de muchas de las tierras perdidas, con la ayuda de sus propios habitantes (pues la corona seguía con muchos problemas monetarios). En esta época muchos campesinos se dieron cuenta de su situación, los remensas, y al tomar conciencia comenzaron a organizarse con las consecuencias arriba expuestas. Sin embargo, el rey perdió a su único hijo legítimo y se quedó sin heredero; aunque propuso a su bastardo Fadrique, no fue aceptado por los tribunales y a su muerte se planteó al cuestión sucesoria y dos años sin monarca llamados&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interregno_aragon%C3%A9s&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Interregno aragonés&quot;&gt;Interregno&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;h4 style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: initial; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; text-align: -webkit-auto; width: auto;&quot;&gt;

&lt;span class=&quot;editsection&quot; style=&quot;float: right; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 5px;&quot;&gt;[&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Crisis_de_la_Edad_Media_en_Espa%C3%B1a&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=23&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Editar sección: El Compromiso de Caspe y la Casa de Trastámara&quot;&gt;editar&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mw-headline&quot; id=&quot;El_Compromiso_de_Caspe_y_la_Casa_de_Trast.C3.A1mara&quot;&gt;El Compromiso de Caspe y la Casa de Trastámara&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h4&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em; text-align: -webkit-auto;&quot;&gt;
El&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interregno_aragon%C3%A9s&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Interregno aragonés&quot;&gt;Interregno&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;y su culminación, el&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compromiso_de_Caspe&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Compromiso de Caspe&quot;&gt;Compromiso de Caspe&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;(&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/1410&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;1410&quot;&gt;1410&lt;/a&gt;-&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/1412&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;1412&quot;&gt;1412&lt;/a&gt;), pusieron en evidencia las divisiones políticas entre los distintos reinos de la&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corona_de_Arag%C3%B3n&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Corona de Aragón&quot;&gt;corona de Aragón&lt;/a&gt;. Entre los varios pretendientes que se presentaron,&amp;nbsp;&lt;a class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fernando_de_Antequera&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Fernando de Antequera&quot;&gt;Fernando de Antequera&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;fue el que mejor jugó sus bazas: contaba con enormes riquezas (al contrario que los anteriores reyes de la corona), se ganó el apoyo de los valencianos a través de&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vicente_Ferrer_(santo)&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Vicente Ferrer (santo)&quot;&gt;Vicente Ferrer&lt;/a&gt;, apoyando al papa&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benedicto_XIII_de_Avi%C3%B1%C3%B3n&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Benedicto XIII de Aviñón&quot;&gt;Benedicto XIII&lt;/a&gt;, ocupó el&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reino_de_Arag%C3%B3n&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Reino de Aragón&quot;&gt;reino de Aragón&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;con el pretexto de proteger a los compromisarios (en realidad, para presionarlos) y dividió a los únicos que podían rechazarle, los catalanes. La&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casa_de_Trast%C3%A1mara&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Casa de Trastámara&quot;&gt;casa de Trastámara&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;entró en la&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corona_de_Arag%C3%B3n&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Corona de Aragón&quot;&gt;corona de Aragón&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;div class=&quot;thumbinner&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; font-size: 12px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: center; width: 222px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a class=&quot;image&quot; href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archivo:Fernando_II_entre_dos_escudos_del_Se%C3%B1al_Real_de_Arag%C3%B3n.jpg&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;thumbimage&quot; height=&quot;319&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Fernando_II_entre_dos_escudos_del_Se%C3%B1al_Real_de_Arag%C3%B3n.jpg/220px-Fernando_II_entre_dos_escudos_del_Se%C3%B1al_Real_de_Arag%C3%B3n.jpg&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;&quot; width=&quot;220&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;div class=&quot;magnify&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-image: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; float: right;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a class=&quot;internal&quot; href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archivo:Fernando_II_entre_dos_escudos_del_Se%C3%B1al_Real_de_Arag%C3%B3n.jpg&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-image: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; color: #0b0080; display: block; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Aumentar&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;&quot; height=&quot;11&quot; src=&quot;http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.18/common/images/magnify-clip.png&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-color: initial; border-image: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; border-width: initial; display: block; vertical-align: middle;&quot; width=&quot;15&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fernando_II_de_Arag%C3%B3n&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Fernando II de Aragón&quot;&gt;Fernando II de Aragón&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;en su trono enmarcado por dos escudos con el emblema del&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Se%C3%B1al_Real_de_Arag%C3%B3n&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Señal Real de Aragón&quot;&gt;señal real&lt;/a&gt;. Frontis de una edición de&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/1495&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;1495&quot;&gt;1495&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;de las&amp;nbsp;&lt;i&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constituciones_catalanas&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Constituciones catalanas&quot;&gt;Constituciones catalanas&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;sup class=&quot;reference&quot; id=&quot;cite_ref-26&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crisis_de_la_Edad_Media_en_Espa%C3%B1a#cite_note-26&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;&quot;&gt;27&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em; text-align: -webkit-auto;&quot;&gt;
Sin embargo, como se ha visto, el nuevo rey&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fernando_I_de_Arag%C3%B3n&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Fernando I de Aragón&quot;&gt;Fernando I de Aragón&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt;, no renunció a la regencia que ejercía en Castilla. Su autoridad fue discutida por otro pretendiente al trono, Jaime de Urgel, pero tardó poco en derrotarle. Su corto reinado (&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/1412&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;1412&quot;&gt;1412&lt;/a&gt;-&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/1416&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;1416&quot;&gt;1416&lt;/a&gt;) fue, desde el punto de vista político, muy trascendente: uno de sus hijos fue rey de Aragón (&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfonso_V_de_Arag%C3%B3n&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Alfonso V de Aragón&quot;&gt;Alfonso V&lt;/a&gt;), otro rey de Navarra y, después, también de Aragón (&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_II_de_Arag%C3%B3n&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Juan II de Aragón&quot;&gt;Juan II&lt;/a&gt;), otro fue gran maestre de la&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orden_de_Santiago&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Orden de Santiago&quot;&gt;Orden de Santiago&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;(Enrique) y casó a su hija Leonor con el heredero al trono portugués. Pacificó&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerde%C3%B1a&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Cerdeña&quot;&gt;Cerdeña&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;y&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sicilia&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Sicilia&quot;&gt;Sicilia&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;y firmó treguas con&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A9nova&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Génova&quot;&gt;Génova&lt;/a&gt;,&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egipto&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Egipto&quot;&gt;Egipto&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;y&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marruecos&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Marruecos&quot;&gt;Marruecos&lt;/a&gt;. Al decidirse, en el&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concilio_de_Constanza&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Concilio de Constanza&quot;&gt;Concilio de Constanza&lt;/a&gt;, la destitución del papa Luna,&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benedicto_XIII_de_Avi%C3%B1%C3%B3n&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Benedicto XIII de Aviñón&quot;&gt;Benedicto XIII&lt;/a&gt;,&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fernando_I_de_Arag%C3%B3n&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Fernando I de Aragón&quot;&gt;Fernando&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;le abondonó sin miramientos (&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/1416&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;1416&quot;&gt;1416&lt;/a&gt;). Sin lugar a dudas, durante los últimos años de su vida, Fernando de Antequera se convirtió en el hombre más poderoso de la&amp;nbsp;&lt;a class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pen%C3%ADnsula_Ib%C3%A9rica&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Península Ibérica&quot;&gt;Península Ibérica&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;y uno de los más influyentes de&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europa_Occidental&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Europa Occidental&quot;&gt;Europa Occidental&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em; text-align: -webkit-auto;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfonso_V_de_Arag%C3%B3n&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Alfonso V de Aragón&quot;&gt;Alfonso V de Aragón&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt;,&amp;nbsp;&lt;i&gt;el Magnánimo&lt;/i&gt;&amp;nbsp;(&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/1416&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;1416&quot;&gt;1416&lt;/a&gt;-&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/1458&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;1458&quot;&gt;1458&lt;/a&gt;) el hijo mayor de Fernando, se vio obligado a asumir la responsabilidad de proteger a sus hermanos los&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infantes_de_Arag%C3%B3n&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Infantes de Aragón&quot;&gt;Infantes de Aragón&lt;/a&gt;, pero sin mucho convencimiento. Lo que de verdad le atraía a él era la política mediterránea, ya que era, personalmente, un rico mercader. La obligación de ayudar a sus hermanos en las luchas castellanas fue un fracaso militar y le obligó a someterse a la voluntad de las&amp;nbsp;&lt;a class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cortes_catalanas&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Cortes catalanas&quot;&gt;cortes catalanas&lt;/a&gt;, que nunca antes habían tenido tanto poder. Las mismas cortes obligaron al rey a firmar con&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corona_de_Castilla&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Corona de Castilla&quot;&gt;Castilla&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;las&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treguas_de_Majano&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Treguas de Majano&quot;&gt;Treguas de Majano&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;en&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/1430&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;1430&quot;&gt;1430&lt;/a&gt;. Una vez —digamos— se desembarazó de la obligación castellana, dejó a su hermano&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_II_de_Arag%C3%B3n&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Juan II de Aragón&quot;&gt;Juan&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;a cargo de los asuntos peninsulares y marchó a&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A1poles&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Nápoles&quot;&gt;Nápoles&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;a reclamar el trono del reino. A pesar de que no obtuvo victorias militares, llegó a un acuerdo con el señor de&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mil%C3%A1n&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Milán&quot;&gt;Milán&lt;/a&gt;,&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filippo_Maria_Visconti&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Filippo Maria Visconti&quot;&gt;Filippo Maria Visconti&lt;/a&gt;, para repartirse la influencia en&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italia&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Italia&quot;&gt;Italia&lt;/a&gt;:&amp;nbsp;&lt;i&gt;para Milán el norte, para Nápoles el sur&lt;/i&gt;. Alfonso fue coronado en&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A1poles&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Nápoles&quot;&gt;Nápoles&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;en&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/1442&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;1442&quot;&gt;1442&lt;/a&gt;. Años más tarde firmó el&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tratado_de_Lodi&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Tratado de Lodi&quot;&gt;tratado de Lodi&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;(&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/1454&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;1454&quot;&gt;1454&lt;/a&gt;), junto con&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mil%C3%A1n&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Milán&quot;&gt;Milán&lt;/a&gt;,&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florencia&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Florencia&quot;&gt;Florencia&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;y&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venecia&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Venecia&quot;&gt;Venecia&lt;/a&gt;, para combatir a cualquier enemigo exterior común, especialmente los&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francia&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Francia&quot;&gt;franceses&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;y los&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperio_otomano&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Imperio otomano&quot;&gt;turcos&lt;/a&gt;. Alfonso murió en&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A1poles&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Nápoles&quot;&gt;Nápoles&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;en&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/1458&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;1458&quot;&gt;1458&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;y fue sucedido por su hermano&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_II_de_Arag%C3%B3n&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Juan II de Aragón&quot;&gt;Juan&lt;/a&gt;, que era también rey de&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reino_de_Navarra&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Reino de Navarra&quot;&gt;Navarra&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;h4 style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: initial; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; text-align: -webkit-auto; width: auto;&quot;&gt;

&lt;span class=&quot;editsection&quot; style=&quot;float: right; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 5px;&quot;&gt;[&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Crisis_de_la_Edad_Media_en_Espa%C3%B1a&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=24&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Editar sección: Juan II de Aragón&quot;&gt;editar&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mw-headline&quot; id=&quot;Juan_II_de_Arag.C3.B3n&quot;&gt;Juan II de Aragón&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h4&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em; text-align: -webkit-auto;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_II_de_Arag%C3%B3n&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Juan II de Aragón&quot;&gt;Juan&lt;/a&gt;, hijo de&amp;nbsp;&lt;a class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fernando_de_Antequera&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Fernando de Antequera&quot;&gt;Fernando de Antequera&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;y hermano del rey de Aragón,&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfonso_V_de_Arag%C3%B3n&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Alfonso V de Aragón&quot;&gt;Alfonso V&lt;/a&gt;, con quien colaboró durante su reinado como lugateniente, había accedido al trono del&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reino_de_Navarra&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Reino de Navarra&quot;&gt;reino de Navarra&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;por su matrimonio con&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blanca_I_de_Navarra&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Blanca I de Navarra&quot;&gt;Blanca de Navarra&lt;/a&gt;, era pues un mero consorte. Además, el heredero legítimo según el testamento de la reina era el primogénito Carlos, el&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pr%C3%ADncipe_de_Viana&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Príncipe de Viana&quot;&gt;príncipe de Viana&lt;/a&gt;. Pero la ambición de los trastámara no podía conformarse con eso y todo su reinado en Navarra se enfocó a lograr ser el soberano y deshacerse de su hijo, el Príncipe de Viana.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em; text-align: -webkit-auto;&quot;&gt;
Cuando su esposa Blanca murió (&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/1445&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;1445&quot;&gt;1445&lt;/a&gt;), al mismo tiempo que él mismo era derrotado por&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81lvaro_de_Luna&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Álvaro de Luna&quot;&gt;Álvaro de Luna&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;en&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corona_de_Castilla&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Corona de Castilla&quot;&gt;Castilla&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;(lo que le dejaba sin sus riquísimas posesiones en aquél reino); decidió dar el paso decisivo y ser rey, aunque fuese ilegítimamente. Para ello maniobró, aprovechando las banderías navarras, y consiguió suficientes partidarios para sus propósitos. Pero&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlos_de_Viana&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Carlos de Viana&quot;&gt;Carlos de Viana&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;no se quedó de brazos cruzados y declaró la guerra a su padre (&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/1451&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;1451&quot;&gt;1451&lt;/a&gt;-&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/1461&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;1461&quot;&gt;1461&lt;/a&gt;): reclutó el apoyo de los montañeses de Beaumont (beamonteses) y del propio condestable castellano,&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81lvaro_de_Luna&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Álvaro de Luna&quot;&gt;Álvaro de Luna&lt;/a&gt;. Pero&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_II_de_Arag%C3%B3n&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Juan II de Aragón&quot;&gt;Juan II&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;le derrotó una y otra vez, al tiempo que se casaba con la castellana&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juana_Enr%C3%ADquez&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Juana Enríquez&quot;&gt;Juana Enríquez&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;(&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/1447&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;1447&quot;&gt;1447&lt;/a&gt;) que le daría un hijo, el futuro&amp;nbsp;&lt;a class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fernando_el_Cat%C3%B3lico&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Fernando el Católico&quot;&gt;Fernando el Católico&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;
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En el año&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/1458&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;1458&quot;&gt;1458&lt;/a&gt;, a causa de la muerte de su hermano,&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;heredó la&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corona_de_Arag%C3%B3n&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Corona de Aragón&quot;&gt;corona de Aragón&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt;, pero las cortes catalanas se le oponen rotundamente, exigiendo que reconociera los derechos de su enemigo, el&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pr%C3%ADncipe_de_Viana&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Príncipe de Viana&quot;&gt;príncipe de Viana&lt;/a&gt;. En ese momento, los problemas navarros y los aragoneses se fusionaron en lo que sería la&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;Guerra Civil Catalana&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;(&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/1462&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;1462&quot;&gt;1462&lt;/a&gt;-&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/1472&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;1472&quot;&gt;1472&lt;/a&gt;). En&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Principado_de_Catalu%C3%B1a&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Principado de Cataluña&quot;&gt;Cataluña&lt;/a&gt;,&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_II_de_Arag%C3%B3n&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Juan II de Aragón&quot;&gt;Juan II&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;se procuró el apoyo de remensas y buscaires, así como muchos nobles disidentes. Los Catalanes no deseaban destronar al rey, sólo pretendían que éste aceptase sus puntos de vista: principalmente que la monarquía debía ser controlada por las cortes. Puede decirse que esta guerra civil era la lucha entre una concepción moderna de la monarquía autoritaria (moderna porque superaba la concepción medieval) y la idea medieval y pactista catalana.&lt;/div&gt;
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Ante la imposibilidad de acuerdo, los catalanes buscan otros candidatos al trono, que serían denominados&amp;nbsp;&lt;i&gt;«reyes intrusos de cataluña»&lt;/i&gt;, pero uno detrás de otro van desistiendo (el castellano&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enrique_IV_de_Castilla&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Enrique IV de Castilla&quot;&gt;Enrique IV&lt;/a&gt;, Pedro de Portugal, el francés Louis de Anjou...). La llegada de aliados extranjeros enlazó, una vez más, los conflictos peninsulares con la&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guerra_de_los_Cien_A%C3%B1os&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Guerra de los Cien Años&quot;&gt;Guerra de los Cien Años&lt;/a&gt;. Finalmente,&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_II_de_Arag%C3%B3n&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Juan II de Aragón&quot;&gt;Juan II&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;derrotó a los catalanes, que firmaron al&amp;nbsp;&lt;i&gt;Capitulación de Pedralbes&lt;/i&gt;&amp;nbsp;(&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/1472&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;1472&quot;&gt;1472&lt;/a&gt;). No obstante, el rey optó por la clemencia, para pacificar el país, y reconoció los Privilegios y Fueros Catalanes.&lt;/div&gt;
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En cuanto a&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reino_de_Navarra&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Reino de Navarra&quot;&gt;Navarra&lt;/a&gt;, las banderías continuaron, los gobiernos y regencias demasiado cortos no ayudaron a su estabilización. Años más tarde,&amp;nbsp;&lt;a class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fernando_el_Cat%C3%B3lico&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Fernando el Católico&quot;&gt;Fernando el Católico&lt;/a&gt;, con el apoyo de su esposa, convirtió este reino en un protectorado castellano, hasta que fue anexionado definitivamente en&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/1512&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;1512&quot;&gt;1512&lt;/a&gt;, eso sí, respetando sus fueros ancestrales.&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/&quot;&gt;WIKIPEDIA&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://diario1esob.blogspot.com/feeds/4368845244256986069/comments/default' title='Enviar comentarios'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://diario1esob.blogspot.com/2012/01/articulo-la-crisis-de-la-baja-edad.html#comment-form' title='0 comentarios'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/398399413071556406/posts/default/4368845244256986069'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/398399413071556406/posts/default/4368845244256986069'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://diario1esob.blogspot.com/2012/01/articulo-la-crisis-de-la-baja-edad.html' title='ARTÍCULO: LA CRISIS DE LA BAJA EDAD MEDIA'/><author><name>Anonymous</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/06101323112179821359</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-398399413071556406.post-6479577322744900129</id><published>2012-01-09T22:25:00.004+01:00</published><updated>2012-01-09T22:25:51.004+01:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Sociales 3 y 4 H"/><title type='text'>LA RECONQUISTA CRISTIANA EN LA EDAD MEDIA</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Aquí tenéis un vídeo que explica la reconquista de los cristianos a los largo de los siglos VI y XV.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;iframe allowfullscreen=&quot;&quot; frameborder=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;360&quot; src=&quot;http://www.youtube.com/embed/NhnB8RbYmkw&quot; width=&quot;480&quot;&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;

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&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;&quot;&gt;Se denomina&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;&quot;&gt;Reconquista&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;o&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;&quot;&gt;Conquista cristiana&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;al proceso histórico en que los reinos cristianos de la&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pen%C3%ADnsula_Ib%C3%A9rica&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; color: #0b0080; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Península Ibérica&quot;&gt;Península Ibérica&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;&quot;&gt;buscaron el control peninsular en poder del dominio musulmán. Este proceso tuvo lugar entre los años&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/722&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; color: #0b0080; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;722&quot;&gt;722&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;(fecha probable de la rebelión de&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don_Pelayo&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; color: #0b0080; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Don Pelayo&quot;&gt;Pelayo&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;&quot;&gt;) y&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/1492&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; color: #0b0080; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;1492&quot;&gt;1492&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;(final del&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reino_nazar%C3%AD_de_Granada&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; color: #0b0080; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Reino nazarí de Granada&quot;&gt;Reino nazarí de Granada&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;&quot;&gt;).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a name=&#39;more&#39;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; line-height: 19px;&quot;&gt;Origen de la reconquista&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;&quot;&gt;En el año 718 se sublevó un noble llamado&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don_Pelayo&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; color: #0b0080; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Don Pelayo&quot;&gt;Pelayo&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;&quot;&gt;. Fracasó, fue hecho prisionero y enviado a&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Califato_de_C%C3%B3rdoba&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; color: #0b0080; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Califato de Córdoba&quot;&gt;Córdoba&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;(los escritos usan la palabra «Córdoba», pero esto no implica que fuera la capital, ya que los árabes llamaban&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;&quot;&gt;Córdoba&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;a todo el&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Califato&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; color: #0b0080; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Califato&quot;&gt;califato&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;&quot;&gt;).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;
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Sin embargo, consiguió escapar y organizó una segunda revuelta en los montes de&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Principado_de_Asturias&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Principado de Asturias&quot;&gt;Asturias&lt;/a&gt;, que empezó con la&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batalla_de_Covadonga&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Batalla de Covadonga&quot;&gt;batalla de Covadonga&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;de&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/722&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;722&quot;&gt;722&lt;/a&gt;. Esta batalla se considera el comienzo de la Reconquista. La interpretación es discutida: mientras que en las crónicas cristianas aparece como «&lt;i&gt;una gran victoria frente a los infieles, gracias a la ayuda de Dios&lt;/i&gt;», los cronistas árabes describen un enfrentamiento con un reducido grupo de cristianos, a los que tras vencer se desiste de perseguir al considerarlos inofensivos. Probablemente fuera una victoria cristiana sobre un pequeño contingente de exploración. La realidad es que esta victoria de Covadonga, por pequeñas que fueran las fuerzas contendientes, tuvo una importancia tal que polarizó en torno a&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don_Pelayo&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Don Pelayo&quot;&gt;Don Pelayo&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;un foco de independencia del poder&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musulm%C3%A1n&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Musulmán&quot;&gt;musulmán&lt;/a&gt;, lo cual le permitió mantenerse independiente e ir incorporando nuevas tierras a sus dominios.&lt;/div&gt;
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En cualquier caso, los árabes desistieron de controlar la zona más septentrional de la península, dado que en su opinión, dominar una región montañosa de limitados recursos e inviernos extremos no valía la pena el esfuerzo. Los cristianos de la zona no representaban un peligro, y controlar el extremo más alejado supondría más costes que beneficios. De todas formas, la sorprendente expansión del minúsculo Estado pronto preocupó a las autoridades califales. Hubo sucesivas incursiones (en tiempos de Alfonso II, se hizo una cada año en territorio asturiano), pero el reino sobrevivió y se siguió expandiendo, con sonoras victorias, como la batalla de&amp;nbsp;&lt;a class=&quot;new&quot; href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lutos&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;redlink=1&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #a55858; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Lutos (aún no redactado)&quot;&gt;Lutos&lt;/a&gt;,&amp;nbsp;&lt;a class=&quot;new&quot; href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Polvoraria&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;redlink=1&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #a55858; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Polvoraria (aún no redactado)&quot;&gt;Polvoraria&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;y la toma de&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisboa&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Lisboa&quot;&gt;Lisboa&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;en 798.&lt;/div&gt;
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El reino de Asturias era inicialmente de carácter&amp;nbsp;&lt;a class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astur&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Astur&quot;&gt;astur&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;y fue sometido en sus últimas décadas a una sucesiva gotificación debida a los inmigrantes de cultura hispanogoda huidos al reino cristiano del norte. Asimismo, fue un referente para parte del espacio cultural europeo con la batalla contra el&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adopcionismo&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Adopcionismo&quot;&gt;adopcionismo&lt;/a&gt;. El reino estuvo por épocas muy vinculado al de los francos, sobre todo a raíz del «descubrimiento» del supuesto sepulcro del apóstol&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santiago_el_Mayor&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Santiago el Mayor&quot;&gt;Santiago&lt;/a&gt;. Esta idea «propagandista» consiguió vincular a la Europa cristiana con el pequeño reino del norte, frente a un sur islamizado.&lt;/div&gt;
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El&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reino_de_Asturias&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Reino de Asturias&quot;&gt;Reino de Asturias&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;tuvo varias escisiones. La primera a la muerte del rey&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfonso_III_de_Asturias&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Alfonso III de Asturias&quot;&gt;Alfonso III el Magno&lt;/a&gt;, que repartió sus dominios entre tres de sus cinco hijos:&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garc%C3%ADa_I_de_Le%C3%B3n&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;García I de León&quot;&gt;García&lt;/a&gt;,&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordo%C3%B1o_II_de_Le%C3%B3n&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Ordoño II de León&quot;&gt;Ordoño&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;y&amp;nbsp;&lt;a class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fruela_II_de_Asturias_y_Le%C3%B3n&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Fruela II de Asturias y León&quot;&gt;Fruela&lt;/a&gt;. Estos dominios incluían, además de Asturias, el condado de&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le%C3%B3n_(Espa%C3%B1a)&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;León (España)&quot;&gt;León&lt;/a&gt;, el de&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condado_de_Castilla&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Condado de Castilla&quot;&gt;Castilla&lt;/a&gt;, el de&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galicia&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Galicia&quot;&gt;Galicia&lt;/a&gt;, la marca de&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81lava&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Álava&quot;&gt;Álava&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;y la de&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugal&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Portugal&quot;&gt;Portugal&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;(que entonces era sólo la frontera sur de Galicia).&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garc%C3%ADa_I_de_Le%C3%B3n&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;García I de León&quot;&gt;García&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;se quedó León, Álava y Castilla, fundando el&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reino_de_Le%C3%B3n&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Reino de León&quot;&gt;Reino de León&lt;/a&gt;.&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordo%C3%B1o_II_de_Le%C3%B3n&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Ordoño II de León&quot;&gt;Ordoño&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;se quedó Galicia y Portugal, y&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fruela_II_de_Le%C3%B3n&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Fruela II de León&quot;&gt;Fruela&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;se quedó Asturias.&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;h3 style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: initial; font-size: 17px; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;mw-headline&quot; id=&quot;El_foco_asturiano&quot;&gt;Primeros reinos&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;mw-headline&quot;&gt;&lt;h4 style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: initial; font-size: 15px; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;mw-headline&quot; id=&quot;Navarra&quot;&gt;Navarra&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h4&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Artículo principal:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reino_de_Navarra&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Reino de Navarra&quot;&gt;Reino de Navarra&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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El&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reino_de_Pamplona&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Reino de Pamplona&quot;&gt;Reino de Pamplona&lt;/a&gt;, posteriormente llamado&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reino_de_Navarra&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Reino de Navarra&quot;&gt;Reino de Navarra&lt;/a&gt;, tuvo como origen la propia familia gobernante, que había pactado con los&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mulad%C3%AD&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Muladí&quot;&gt;muladíes&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;de Tudela, la familia&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banu_Qasi&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Banu Qasi&quot;&gt;Banu Qasi&lt;/a&gt;. Su primer rey fue&amp;nbsp;&lt;a class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8D%C3%B1igo_Arista&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Íñigo Arista&quot;&gt;Íñigo Arista&lt;/a&gt;. A principios del siglo X, la familia Jimena sustituye a la Arista y el primer rey es&amp;nbsp;&lt;a class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sancho_Garc%C3%A9s_I&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Sancho Garcés I&quot;&gt;Sancho Garcés I&lt;/a&gt;, que tiene un gran éxito militar. Pamplona llegó a controlar lo que actualmente es Navarra (su origen), La Rioja (llamado entonces «&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reino_de_N%C3%A1jera&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Reino de Nájera&quot;&gt;Reino de Nájera&lt;/a&gt;») y lo que en la actualidad es el País Vasco, y a unir dinásticamente los condados de&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condado_de_Castilla&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Condado de Castilla&quot;&gt;Castilla&lt;/a&gt;, dependiente de&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reino_de_Le%C3%B3n&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Reino de León&quot;&gt;León&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;pero muy autónomo, y&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condado_de_Arag%C3%B3n&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Condado de Aragón&quot;&gt;Aragón&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;(tras haberse constituido como dinastía hereditaria con el conde&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aznar_I_Gal%C3%ADndez&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Aznar I Galíndez&quot;&gt;Aznar Galíndez&lt;/a&gt;),&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condado_de_Sobrarbe&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Condado de Sobrarbe&quot;&gt;Sobrarbe&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;y&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condado_de_Ribagorza&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Condado de Ribagorza&quot;&gt;Ribagorza&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;en los Pirineos en tiempos de&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sancho_Garc%C3%A9s_III_de_Pamplona&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Sancho Garcés III de Pamplona&quot;&gt;Sancho el Mayor&lt;/a&gt;. A su muerte legó su reino patrimonial (el Reino de Pamplona) a&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garc%C3%ADa_S%C3%A1nchez_III_de_Pamplona&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;García Sánchez III de Pamplona&quot;&gt;García Sánchez III de Pamplona&lt;/a&gt;, a quien&amp;nbsp;&lt;a class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_jure&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;De jure&quot;&gt;de jure&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;deberían estar subordinados los tenentes de las otras zonas de su reino:&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fernando_I_de_Le%C3%B3n&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Fernando I de León&quot;&gt;Fernando&lt;/a&gt;, que recibió el&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condado_de_Castilla&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Condado de Castilla&quot;&gt;condado de Castilla&lt;/a&gt;; y&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramiro_I_de_Arag%C3%B3n&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Ramiro I de Aragón&quot;&gt;Ramiro&lt;/a&gt;, que recibió el&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condado_de_Arag%C3%B3n&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Condado de Aragón&quot;&gt;condado de Aragón&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;para después hacerse independiente tras anexionarse Sobrarbe y Ribagorza en&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/1045&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;1045&quot;&gt;1045&lt;/a&gt;, condados que habían sido heredados por el menor de los hermanos,&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gonzalo_I_de_Ribagorza&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Gonzalo I de Ribagorza&quot;&gt;Gonzalo&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;h4 style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: initial; font-size: 15px; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;editsection&quot; style=&quot;float: right; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 5px;&quot;&gt;[&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Reconquista&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=6&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Editar sección: Marca Hispánica&quot;&gt;editar&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mw-headline&quot; id=&quot;Marca_Hisp.C3.A1nica&quot;&gt;Marca Hispánica&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h4&gt;
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&lt;div class=&quot;thumbinner&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; font-size: 12px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: center; width: 202px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a class=&quot;image&quot; href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archivo:Reconquista4.jpg&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;thumbimage&quot; height=&quot;189&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Reconquista4.jpg/200px-Reconquista4.jpg&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;&quot; width=&quot;200&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;thumbcaption&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.4em; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;magnify&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-image: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; float: right;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a class=&quot;internal&quot; href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archivo:Reconquista4.jpg&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-image: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; color: #0b0080; display: block; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Aumentar&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;&quot; height=&quot;11&quot; src=&quot;http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.18/common/images/magnify-clip.png&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-color: initial; border-image: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; border-width: initial; display: block; vertical-align: middle;&quot; width=&quot;15&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;small&gt;Guerreros cristianos y musulmanes&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Artículo principal:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marca_Hisp%C3%A1nica&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Marca Hispánica&quot;&gt;Marca Hispánica&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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El territorio situado entre el oriente de Navarra y el mar se dividió en condados sometidos a los francos. Los&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condados_catalanes&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Condados catalanes&quot;&gt;condados catalanes&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;fueron divisiones de la zona occidental&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marca_Hisp%C3%A1nica&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Marca Hispánica&quot;&gt;Marca Hispánica&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;y los&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condado_de_Arag%C3%B3n&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Condado de Aragón&quot;&gt;condados de Aragón&lt;/a&gt;,&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sobrarbe&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Sobrarbe&quot;&gt;Sobrarbe&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;y&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condado_de_Ribagorza&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Condado de Ribagorza&quot;&gt;Ribagorza&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;ocupaban la zona intermedia. Fue una zona de contención militar que tomaron los&amp;nbsp;&lt;a class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franco_(pueblo)&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Franco (pueblo)&quot;&gt;francos&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;para frenar las incursiones sarracenas. Si bien la intención inicial de éstos era llevar las fronteras hasta el&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ebro&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Ebro&quot;&gt;Ebro&lt;/a&gt;, la Marca quedó delimitada por los&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pirineos&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Pirineos&quot;&gt;Pirineos&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;en el norte y por el&amp;nbsp;&lt;a class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llobregat&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Llobregat&quot;&gt;Llobregat&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;en el Sur. Con el tiempo se independizó del dominio franco con condes como&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wifredo_el_Velloso&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Wifredo el Velloso&quot;&gt;Wifredo el Velloso&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;y&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aznar_I_Gal%C3%ADndez&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Aznar I Galíndez&quot;&gt;Aznar Galíndez&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;
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En la zona de los posteriormente denominados condados catalanes, el&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condado_de_Barcelona&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Condado de Barcelona&quot;&gt;Condado de Barcelona&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;se convirtió muy pronto en el condado dominante de la zona. Con el tiempo, tras la unión dinástica entre el el&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reino_de_Arag%C3%B3n&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Reino de Aragón&quot;&gt;Reino de Aragón&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;y el conjunto de condados vinculados al&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condado_de_Barcelona&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Condado de Barcelona&quot;&gt;de Barcelona&lt;/a&gt;, daría origen a la&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corona_de_Arag%C3%B3n&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Corona de Aragón&quot;&gt;Corona de Aragón&lt;/a&gt;. Posteriormente, los dominios de esta corona se extendieron hacia el sur y el Mediterráneo.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;h4 style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: initial; font-size: 15px; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;editsection&quot; style=&quot;float: right; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 5px;&quot;&gt;[&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Reconquista&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=7&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Editar sección: Aragón&quot;&gt;editar&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mw-headline&quot; id=&quot;Arag.C3.B3n&quot;&gt;Aragón&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h4&gt;
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&lt;a class=&quot;image&quot; href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archivo:Jaime_I_de_Arag%C3%B3n.jpg&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;thumbimage&quot; height=&quot;353&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/60/Jaime_I_de_Arag%C3%B3n.jpg&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;&quot; width=&quot;162&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;thumbcaption&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.4em; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;magnify&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-image: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; float: right;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a class=&quot;internal&quot; href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archivo:Jaime_I_de_Arag%C3%B3n.jpg&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-image: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; color: #0b0080; display: block; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Aumentar&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;&quot; height=&quot;11&quot; src=&quot;http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.18/common/images/magnify-clip.png&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-color: initial; border-image: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; border-width: initial; display: block; vertical-align: middle;&quot; width=&quot;15&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Representación de&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaime_I_de_Arag%C3%B3n&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Jaime I de Aragón&quot;&gt;Jaime I de Aragón&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;de la época. Pertenece a los&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fueros_de_Arag%C3%B3n&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Fueros de Aragón&quot;&gt;Fueros de Aragón&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;compilados en el&amp;nbsp;&lt;i&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vidal_Mayor&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Vidal Mayor&quot;&gt;Vidal Mayor&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&amp;nbsp;(1247-1252).&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Artículo principal:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reino_de_Arag%C3%B3n&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Reino de Aragón&quot;&gt;Reino de Aragón&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;&quot;&gt;
El&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reino_de_Arag%C3%B3n&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Reino de Aragón&quot;&gt;Reino de Aragón&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;tiene su origen en un condado procedente de la&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marca_Hisp%C3%A1nica&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Marca Hispánica&quot;&gt;Marca Hispánica&lt;/a&gt;. Se uniría debido al enlace dinástico de&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andregoto_Gal%C3%ADndez&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Andregoto Galíndez&quot;&gt;Andregoto Galíndez&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;con&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garc%C3%ADa_S%C3%A1nchez_I_de_Pamplona&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;García Sánchez I de Pamplona&quot;&gt;García Sánchez I&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;en el año&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/943&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;943&quot;&gt;943&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;al&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reino_de_Pamplona&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Reino de Pamplona&quot;&gt;Pamplona&lt;/a&gt;. Tras la muerte de&amp;nbsp;&lt;a class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sancho_III_de_Navarra&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Sancho III de Navarra&quot;&gt;Sancho III de Navarra&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;en&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/1035&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;1035&quot;&gt;1035&lt;/a&gt;, legó a a su hijo&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramiro_I_de_Arag%C3%B3n&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Ramiro I de Aragón&quot;&gt;Ramiro&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;el dominio del condado de Aragón, que se emanciparía y, tras anexionarse los condados de&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condado_de_Sobrarbe&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Condado de Sobrarbe&quot;&gt;Sobrarbe&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;y&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condado_de_Ribagorza&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Condado de Ribagorza&quot;&gt;Ribagorza&lt;/a&gt;, cuyo gobierno había correspondido a un adolescente&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gonzalo_I_de_Ribagorza&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Gonzalo I de Ribagorza&quot;&gt;Gonzalo&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;a su muerte en&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/1045&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;1045&quot;&gt;1045&lt;/a&gt;, Ramiro I establecería un reino&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_facto&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;De facto&quot;&gt;de facto&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;que comprendía los tres antiguos condados y ocupaba los&amp;nbsp;&lt;a class=&quot;new&quot; href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pirineo_central&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;redlink=1&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #a55858; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Pirineo central (aún no redactado)&quot;&gt;Pirineos centrales&lt;/a&gt;. Poco después, en&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/1076&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;1076&quot;&gt;1076&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;a la muerte de&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sancho_Garc%C3%A9s_IV_de_Pamplona&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Sancho Garcés IV de Pamplona&quot;&gt;Sancho&amp;nbsp;&lt;i&gt;el de Peñalén&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;, llegó a anexionarse Navarra, aunque tras la muerte de&amp;nbsp;&lt;a class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfonso_I_el_Batallador&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Alfonso I el Batallador&quot;&gt;Alfonso I el Batallador&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;la unión se deshizo. Por esa época, tras una dura lucha con las&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taifa&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Taifa&quot;&gt;taifas&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;de&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zaragoza&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Zaragoza&quot;&gt;Zaragoza&lt;/a&gt;, el reino aragonés llegó al Ebro, conquistando la capital en&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/1118&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;1118&quot;&gt;1118&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;
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Más tarde se produciría la unión dinástica, con el matrimonio de&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petronila_de_Arag%C3%B3n&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Petronila de Aragón&quot;&gt;Petronila&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;(hija única del rey de Aragón) y&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ram%C3%B3n_Berenguer_IV_de_Barcelona&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Ramón Berenguer IV de Barcelona&quot;&gt;Ramón Berenguer IV&lt;/a&gt;, conde de Barcelona, lo que conformó la&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corona_de_Arag%C3%B3n&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Corona de Aragón&quot;&gt;Corona de Aragón&lt;/a&gt;, que agrupaba al Reino y a los Condados, si bien cada territorio mantuvo sus usos y costumbres consuetudinarios.&lt;/div&gt;
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La Corona acabaría por unificar con el tiempo lo que hoy es&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalu%C3%B1a&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Cataluña&quot;&gt;Cataluña&lt;/a&gt;, arrebatando a los árabes el resto de Cataluña, la&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalu%C3%B1a_Nueva&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Cataluña Nueva&quot;&gt;Cataluña Nueva&lt;/a&gt;, y anexionándose los restantes territorios, aunque hay que destacar que los diversos condados siguieron disfrutando de cierta autonomía.&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;h3 style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: initial; font-size: 17px; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;&quot;&gt;
Procesos de la reconquista&lt;/h3&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;ul style=&quot;list-style-image: url(data:image/png; list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Siglos VIII-X&lt;/b&gt;. Completada la conquista en apenas un lustro (711-716), al margen sólo queda una estrecha franja montañosa en el Norte. Su principal esfuerzo hasta el&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siglo_X&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Siglo X&quot;&gt;siglo X&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;irá dirigido a consolidar nuevas estructuras político-institucionales sobre unas realidades socio-económicas en transformación (el asentamiento masivo de población huida del avance musulmán), configurando las bases del&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feudalismo&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Feudalismo&quot;&gt;feudalismo&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;en la Península. Al Oeste se afianzó el reino asturiano, extendiéndose entre Galicia, el Duero y el Nervión. Al Este la&amp;nbsp;&lt;a class=&quot;new&quot; href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Marca_defensiva&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;redlink=1&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #a55858; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Marca defensiva (aún no redactado)&quot;&gt;Marca defensiva&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;carolingia germinará en diferentes núcleos cristianos pirenaicos. Su precaria situación quedará demostrada durante el reinado de&amp;nbsp;&lt;a class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abd_al-Rahman_III&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Abd al-Rahman III&quot;&gt;Abd al-Rahman III&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;(912-961), cuando reconozcan la soberanía del&amp;nbsp;&lt;a class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Califato&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Califato&quot;&gt;Califato&lt;/a&gt;, convirtiéndose en Estados tributarios.&lt;/li&gt;
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&lt;ul style=&quot;list-style-image: url(data:image/png; list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Siglos XI-XII&lt;/b&gt;. La disgregación del Califato (&lt;a class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taifas&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Taifas&quot;&gt;Taifas&lt;/a&gt;) facilitará un lento avance cristiano por la&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meseta&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Meseta&quot;&gt;Meseta&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;norte y el valle del&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ebro&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Ebro&quot;&gt;Ebro&lt;/a&gt;, consolidándose institucionalmente los reinos. Ello será financiado con las imposiciones tributarias (&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parias&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Parias&quot;&gt;Parias&lt;/a&gt;) a que sometieron a los reinos musulmanes, convirtiéndolos virtualmente en protectorados. Es un período de&amp;nbsp;&lt;i&gt;europeización&lt;/i&gt;, con la apertura a las corrientes culturales continentales (&lt;a class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cluny&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Cluny&quot;&gt;Cluny&lt;/a&gt;,&amp;nbsp;&lt;a class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cister&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Cister&quot;&gt;Cister&lt;/a&gt;) y la aceptación de la supremacía religiosa de&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roma&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Roma&quot;&gt;Roma&lt;/a&gt;. El avance castellano-leonés (&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toledo&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Toledo&quot;&gt;Toledo&lt;/a&gt;, 1085) provocó sucesivas invasiones norteafricanas –&lt;a class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Almor%C3%A1vides&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Almorávides&quot;&gt;Almorávides&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;y&amp;nbsp;&lt;a class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Almohades&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Almohades&quot;&gt;Almohades&lt;/a&gt;- que evitaron el colapso de la España musulmana. La repoblación entre el&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duero&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Duero&quot;&gt;Duero&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;y el&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tajo&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Tajo&quot;&gt;Tajo&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;se sustenta en colonos libres y concejos con amplia autonomía (fueros), mientras que en el Ebro los señoríos cristianos explotarán a la población agrícola musulmana.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;ul style=&quot;list-style-image: url(data:image/png; list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Siglos XIII-XIV&lt;/b&gt;. La alianza entre los reinos cristianos (&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navas_de_Tolosa&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Navas de Tolosa&quot;&gt;Navas de Tolosa&lt;/a&gt;, 1212) logra el definitivo derrumbe del Al-Andalus, conquistando con gran celeridad el sur peninsular (salvo&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Granada&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Granada&quot;&gt;Granada&lt;/a&gt;). Una expansión protagonizada por las coronas de&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castilla&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Castilla&quot;&gt;Castilla&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;y&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arag%C3%B3n&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Aragón&quot;&gt;Aragón&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;generará determinados problemas: la absorción de un enorme volumen territorial y poblacional. En&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andaluc%C3%ADa&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Andalucía&quot;&gt;Andalucía&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;y&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murcia&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Murcia&quot;&gt;Murcia&lt;/a&gt;, la imposición de grandes señoríos –nobles guerreros y órdenes militares- y la expulsión de las poblaciones autóctonas –agrícolas y artesanas- derivará en la decadencia económica del territorio. En&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valencia&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Valencia&quot;&gt;Valencia&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;y&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alicante&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Alicante&quot;&gt;Alicante&lt;/a&gt;, los señoríos cristianos, de menor extensión, se superpondrán a una población musulmana que mantendrá la prosperidad económica. Problemas solapados con la crisis económica del siglo XIV y las guerras civiles que desangraron a los reinos de la España bajomedieval. De esta forma se consolida España como la nación que por excelencia resistió y contuvo los ataques musulmanes en Occidente, siendo el Reino de&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hungr%C3%ADa&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Hungría&quot;&gt;Hungría&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;el guardián de Europa en el Este ante la llegada de los turcos.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;ul style=&quot;list-style-image: url(data:image/png; list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Siglo XV&lt;/b&gt;. La supervivencia del&amp;nbsp;&lt;a class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reino_nazar%C3%AD&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Reino nazarí&quot;&gt;reino nazarí&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;de Granada responde a varias razones: su condición de vasallo del rey castellano, su conveniencia para éste como refugio de población musulmana, el carácter montañoso del reino (complementado con una consistente red de fortalezas fronterizas), el apoyo norteafricano, la crisis castellana bajomedieval y la indiferencia aragonesa (ocupada en su expansión mediterránea). Además, la homogeneidad cultural y religiosa (sin población&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moz%C3%A1rabe&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Mozárabe&quot;&gt;mozárabe&lt;/a&gt;) proporcionó al Estado granadino una fuerte cohesión. Su desaparición a finales del siglo XV –además de por sus interminables luchas dinásticas- se ensarta en el contexto de la construcción de un&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estado&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Estado&quot;&gt;Estado&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;moderno llevado a cabo por los&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reyes_Cat%C3%B3licos&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Reyes Católicos&quot;&gt;Reyes Católicos&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;a través de la unificación territorial y el reforzamiento de la soberanía de la&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corona_de_Castilla&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Corona de Castilla&quot;&gt;Corona&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
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&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
Parte de la fuente: &lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/&quot;&gt;wikipedia.org&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;thumb tright&quot; style=&quot;clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1.3em; margin-left: 1.4em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; width: auto;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhv1_4RTJuC_rrddonCqTI6JPHBiIHSp5qbN43rMdPF57XbVDGrpgIzwfLcZE89Xod6xUL_7L9p7IVROxw-AO1cR1wECY8B0ekSIm9uENc-nzOv6Tg010df3dADxuiXg5rSS4uIgTiaasM/s1600/MerryChristmas-d5.gif&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;308&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhv1_4RTJuC_rrddonCqTI6JPHBiIHSp5qbN43rMdPF57XbVDGrpgIzwfLcZE89Xod6xUL_7L9p7IVROxw-AO1cR1wECY8B0ekSIm9uENc-nzOv6Tg010df3dADxuiXg5rSS4uIgTiaasM/s320/MerryChristmas-d5.gif&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://diario1esob.blogspot.com/feeds/2193735764243035142/comments/default' title='Enviar comentarios'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://diario1esob.blogspot.com/2011/12/blog-post.html#comment-form' title='0 comentarios'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/398399413071556406/posts/default/2193735764243035142'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/398399413071556406/posts/default/2193735764243035142'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://diario1esob.blogspot.com/2011/12/blog-post.html' title=''/><author><name>Anonymous</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/06101323112179821359</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhv1_4RTJuC_rrddonCqTI6JPHBiIHSp5qbN43rMdPF57XbVDGrpgIzwfLcZE89Xod6xUL_7L9p7IVROxw-AO1cR1wECY8B0ekSIm9uENc-nzOv6Tg010df3dADxuiXg5rSS4uIgTiaasM/s72-c/MerryChristmas-d5.gif" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-398399413071556406.post-462790451499839307</id><published>2011-12-22T14:24:00.003+01:00</published><updated>2011-12-22T14:24:31.245+01:00</updated><title type='text'>HAPPY CHRISTMAS HOLIDAYS</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;http://changlonet.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/08_Abril/calendario.png&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;http://changlonet.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/08_Abril/calendario.png&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;HORARIO 22 DE DICIEMBRE&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Entrada: &lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #990000;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;09:15&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt; (los que lean o hagan ofrendas en la misa entrarán a las &lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #990000;&quot;&gt;09:00&lt;/span&gt;)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
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&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Eucaristía&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
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&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Entrega de notas&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
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&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Salida a las: &lt;span style=&quot;color: #990000;&quot;&gt;12:00&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://diario1esob.blogspot.com/feeds/4842348396130037455/comments/default' title='Enviar comentarios'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://diario1esob.blogspot.com/2011/12/horario-ultimo-dia-de-clase-vacaciones.html#comment-form' title='0 comentarios'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/398399413071556406/posts/default/4842348396130037455'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/398399413071556406/posts/default/4842348396130037455'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://diario1esob.blogspot.com/2011/12/horario-ultimo-dia-de-clase-vacaciones.html' title='HORARIO ÚLTIMO DÍA DE CLASE (VACACIONES DE NAVIDAD)'/><author><name>Anonymous</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/06101323112179821359</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-398399413071556406.post-8698168863594094626</id><published>2011-12-16T00:00:00.002+01:00</published><updated>2011-12-16T00:03:46.752+01:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Sociales 3 y 4 H"/><title type='text'>SALIDA A LA CATEDRAL DE MURCIA Y AL CASINO</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjeknARzO16-iighVv0h27_MpItM1Is6gSMCXcqRQr88rr0-6B1JcFcd79nEMNu8up-EqddNMMPWu2LzLiKt7XMQ1rUGVL7VZSjxc4meiECYpNRrKnSgG3u2o9V6Eh104-U76kn_zV1pxM/s1600/CATEDRAL+Y+CASINO.png&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;105&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjeknARzO16-iighVv0h27_MpItM1Is6gSMCXcqRQr88rr0-6B1JcFcd79nEMNu8up-EqddNMMPWu2LzLiKt7XMQ1rUGVL7VZSjxc4meiECYpNRrKnSgG3u2o9V6Eh104-U76kn_zV1pxM/s640/CATEDRAL+Y+CASINO.png&quot; width=&quot;640&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Ayer hicimos una salida con los profesores de sociales que tenía mucha categoría histórica que remonta varias épocas de la historia de Murcia. Aquí tenéis algunos sitios que visitamos:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;MURALLA ÁRABE DE VERÓNICAS&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/TorreymuralladeVer%C3%B3nicas.JPG/220px-TorreymuralladeVer%C3%B3nicas.JPG&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;200&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/TorreymuralladeVer%C3%B3nicas.JPG/220px-TorreymuralladeVer%C3%B3nicas.JPG&quot; width=&quot;150&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;&quot;&gt;La primera&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muralla&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; color: #0b0080; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Muralla&quot;&gt;muralla&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;que defendió a la ciudad de Murcia fue constuida en el&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siglo_IX&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; color: #0b0080; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Siglo IX&quot;&gt;siglo IX&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;&quot;&gt;, poco después de la fundación de la que se llamaría&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;&quot;&gt;Madinat Mursiya&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;en el año&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/825&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; color: #0b0080; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;825&quot;&gt;825&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;por iniciativa de &lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abd_al-Rahman_II&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;Abd al-Rahmán II&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;(aunque hay autores que afirman que en ese año no se fundó Murcia, sino que se trasladó a ella la capitalidad de la&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cora&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; color: #0b0080; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Cora&quot;&gt;cora&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;de&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tudmir&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; color: #0b0080; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Tudmir&quot;&gt;Tudmir&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;&quot;&gt;). Además de repeler invasiones, la muralla se ideó para defender a la ciudad de las periódicas&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crecida&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; color: #0b0080; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Crecida&quot;&gt;crecidas&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;del&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%ADo_Segura&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; color: #0b0080; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Río Segura&quot;&gt;río Segura&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;REAL CASINO DE MURCIA&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.casinomurcia.com/images/phocagallery/Historia/thumbs/phoca_thumb_l_RCM_FachadaP-40.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;132&quot; src=&quot;http://www.casinomurcia.com/images/phocagallery/Historia/thumbs/phoca_thumb_l_RCM_FachadaP-40.jpg&quot; width=&quot;200&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;&quot;&gt;El&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;&quot;&gt;Real Casino de Murcia&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;&quot;&gt;, conocido habitualmente como&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;&quot;&gt;Casino de Murcia&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;&quot;&gt;, es uno de los edificios más emblemáticos de la ciudad de&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murcia&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; color: #0b0080; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Murcia&quot;&gt;Murcia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espa%C3%B1a&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; color: #0b0080; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;España&quot;&gt;España&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;&quot;&gt;). Se encuentra en el centro de la misma, en la&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;new&quot; href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Calle_Traper%C3%ADa&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;redlink=1&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; color: #a55858; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Calle Trapería (aún no redactado)&quot;&gt;calle Trapería&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;&quot;&gt;, no lejos de la&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catedral_de_Murcia&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; color: #0b0080; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Catedral de Murcia&quot;&gt;catedral&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;&quot;&gt;. El edificio, cuya construcción comenzó en&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/1847&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; color: #0b0080; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;1847&quot;&gt;1847&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;es una mezcla de distintas corrientes artísticas que coexistieron en la segunda mitad del&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siglo_XIX&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; color: #0b0080; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Siglo XIX&quot;&gt;siglo XIX&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;y principios del&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siglo_XX&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; color: #0b0080; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Siglo XX&quot;&gt;siglo XX&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;en España y fue declarado&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;&quot;&gt;monumento histórico-artístico nacional&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;en 1983, por lo que en la actualidad está considerado&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bien_de_inter%C3%A9s_cultural&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; color: #0b0080; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Bien de interés cultural&quot;&gt;bien de interés cultural&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;&quot;&gt;, con la categoría de «&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monumentos_del_patrimonio_hist%C3%B3rico_de_Espa%C3%B1a&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; color: #0b0080; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Monumentos del patrimonio histórico de España&quot;&gt;monumento&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;&quot;&gt;».&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sup class=&quot;reference&quot; id=&quot;cite_ref-RCMh_0-0&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; line-height: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casino_de_Murcia#cite_note-RCMh-0&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;&quot;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;Salones&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.casinomurcia.com/images/phocagallery/Historia/thumbs/phoca_thumb_l_RCM_BibliotecaP-46.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;142&quot; src=&quot;http://www.casinomurcia.com/images/phocagallery/Historia/thumbs/phoca_thumb_l_RCM_BibliotecaP-46.jpg&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;BIBLIOTECA INGLESA&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #2c1a00; font-size: 13px; line-height: 20px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;obra realizada en 1913 según el proyecto de la firma británica Waring &amp;amp; Gilow, en la que destaca su tribuna superior de maderas talladas sustentada por ménsulas de fundición en forma de flamencos que, como aves migratorias, representan el espíritu viajero del siglo XIX. La Biblioteca guarda una magnífica colección de libros, integrada por más de 20.000 volúmenes de los siglos XVII, XVIII y XIX. Un lucernario cenital proporciona luz natural a los veinticinco puestos de lectura. Un detalle curioso lo constituye el trampantojo del hueco de la escalera de caracol que accede a la tribuna superior, donde el revestimiento no es de madera sino de estuco pintado.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.casinomurcia.com/images/phocagallery/Historia/thumbs/phoca_thumb_l_RCM_CongresilloP-45.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;141&quot; src=&quot;http://www.casinomurcia.com/images/phocagallery/Historia/thumbs/phoca_thumb_l_RCM_CongresilloP-45.jpg&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #2c1a00; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 20px;&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #2c1a00; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 20px;&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #2c1a00; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 20px;&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #2c1a00; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 20px;&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;CONGRESILLO&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: #2c1a00; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 20px;&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #2c1a00; font-size: 13px; line-height: 20px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;elegante saloncito entelado que servía de punto de reunión a ciertas peñas de ciudadanos notables de Murcia, entre ellas la que le da nombre, la Peña del Congresillo. En su decoración, algo más masculina que la de otras salas, destacan las sedas y maderas, así como la lámpara y las finas escayolas del techo. Alberga parte de la importante colección de pinturas románticas del siglo XIX y primeros años del XX, con obras de gran formato de Manuel Arroyo, Manuel Piccolo y Obdulio Miralles. Es precisamente un cuadro de este último el que llama la atención, no sólo por su belleza, sino por la historia que esconde. Se trata de “La modelo” y representa a la modelo habitual del pintor que, enamorado de ella y verse rechazado, se quitó la vida a la temprana edad de 27 años.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #2c1a00; font-size: 13px; line-height: 20px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.casinomurcia.com/images/phocagallery/Historia/thumbs/phoca_thumb_l_RCM_SalonP-47.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;159&quot; src=&quot;http://www.casinomurcia.com/images/phocagallery/Historia/thumbs/phoca_thumb_l_RCM_SalonP-47.jpg&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: #2c1a00; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 20px;&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;SALON DEL BAILE&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: #2c1a00; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 20px;&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #2c1a00; font-size: 13px; line-height: 20px;&quot;&gt;Construido entre 1870 y 1875, está concebido en un atractivo estilo neobarroco, de inspiración francesa. El majestuoso lienzo del techo, pintado entre otros por Manuel Arroyo y Eduardo Gil Montijano, está decorado con alegorías de las artes y con paisajes exóticos.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #2c1a00; font-size: 13px; line-height: 20px;&quot;&gt;Cuatro medallones situados en las esquinas muestran a los hijos ilustres de Murcia, el actor Julián Romea, el escultor Francisco Salzillo, el pintor Pedro Villacis y el político José Moñiño, Conde de Floridablanca.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #2c1a00; font-size: 13px; line-height: 20px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;El Salón de Baile ha sido, desde su construcción, el brillante escenario de innumerables fiestas de la sociedad murciana.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #2c1a00; font-size: 13px; line-height: 20px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.casinomurcia.com/images/phocagallery/Historia/thumbs/phoca_thumb_l_RCM_TocadorP-49.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;168&quot; src=&quot;http://www.casinomurcia.com/images/phocagallery/Historia/thumbs/phoca_thumb_l_RCM_TocadorP-49.jpg&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: #2c1a00; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 20px;&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;TOCADOR DE SEÑORAS&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #2c1a00; font-size: 13px; line-height: 20px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #2c1a00; font-size: 13px; line-height: 20px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Está ejecutado con lujo, destacando sus espejos y sedas. Los apliques conservan las pantallas que fueron bordadas con hilo de oro en los talleres de bordado de Lorca. El lienzo que decora el techo, obra de José Marín Baldo, es una alegoría de la noche y representa a la Diosa Selene. Los ojos y la figura de una mujer alada que cae envuelta en llamas siguen al que los mira desde cualquier ángulo del recinto, produciendo un curioso efecto óptico. Hasta la rehabilitación integral el tocador estuvo en uso como toilette de señoras y se conservan los juegos de plata de tocador.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #2c1a00; font-size: 13px; line-height: 20px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.casinomurcia.com/images/phocagallery/Historia/thumbs/phoca_thumb_l_RCM_Sala_armasP-50.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;204&quot; src=&quot;http://www.casinomurcia.com/images/phocagallery/Historia/thumbs/phoca_thumb_l_RCM_Sala_armasP-50.jpg&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #2c1a00; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 20px;&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;SALÓN DE ARMAS&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #2c1a00; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 20px;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #2c1a00; font-size: 13px; line-height: 20px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Tras perder un trozo en el que fue construido el Tocador de Señoras, el Salón de Armas fue utilizado como sala de ajedrez, entre otros muchos usos. El proceso de rehabilitación integral ha permitido la recuperación parcial de una decoración de la que se ha tenido noticia por primera vez al restaurar el techo pintado del Tocador de Señoras. Tras el lienzo aparecieron los restos de la cenefa que decoraba originariamente el Salón de Armas, consistentes en la imagen de uno de los trabajos de Hércules, la lucha contra el león de Nemea, así como parte de la ornamentación floral, aunque posiblemente la cenefa contuviera la totalidad de los trabajos del semidiós mitológico. Además de este interesante detalle histórico, el Salón, que está dotado de luz natural gracias a un lucernario cenital, guarda el resto de la colección de pintura del siglo XIX.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #2c1a00; font-size: 13px; line-height: 20px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #2c1a00; line-height: 20px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;TEATRO ROMEA&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #2c1a00; line-height: 20px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Teatro_Romea.jpg/240px-Teatro_Romea.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Teatro_Romea.jpg/240px-Teatro_Romea.jpg&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;&quot;&gt;Fue inaugurado por la Reina&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isabel_II_de_Espa%C3%B1a&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; color: #0b0080; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Isabel II de España&quot;&gt;Isabel II&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;el&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/25_de_octubre&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; color: #0b0080; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;25 de octubre&quot;&gt;25 de octubre&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;de&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/1862&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; color: #0b0080; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;1862&quot;&gt;1862&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;&quot;&gt;, con la representación de la obra de&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ventura_de_la_Vega&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; color: #0b0080; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Ventura de la Vega&quot;&gt;Ventura de la Vega&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;&quot;&gt;El hombre del mundo&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;&quot;&gt;, interpretada por&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juli%C3%A1n_Romea&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; color: #0b0080; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Julián Romea&quot;&gt;Julián Romea&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;&quot;&gt;, denominación que posteriormente llevaría el coliseo.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;&quot;&gt;En el año&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/1877&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; color: #0b0080; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;1877&quot;&gt;1877&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;sufrió un pavoroso&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Incendio&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; color: #0b0080; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Incendio&quot;&gt;incendio&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;&quot;&gt;, inaugurándose su reconstrucción en&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/1880&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; color: #0b0080; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;1880&quot;&gt;1880&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;&quot;&gt;. Tan sólo 19 años después, el teatro sufrió otro incendio (en&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/1899&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; color: #0b0080; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;1899&quot;&gt;1899&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;&quot;&gt;), recurriéndose al mismo arquitecto que en la ocasión anterior, el hellinero&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;&quot;&gt;Justo Millán&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;&quot;&gt;. El edificio que podemos contemplar hoy se debe a esta última reconstrucción.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 19px;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;MONASTERIO DE LAS CLARAS&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 19px;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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Dentro de la arquitectura árabe, los restos conservados en Santa Clara tienen un gran interés para los especialistas en el&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arte&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Arte&quot;&gt;arte&lt;/a&gt;, la&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arquitectura&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Arquitectura&quot;&gt;arquitectura&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;y la&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arqueolog%C3%ADa&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Arqueología&quot;&gt;arqueología&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;de la Península Ibérica en época musulmana.&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/AlbercarabeSantaClara.JPG/220px-AlbercarabeSantaClara.JPG&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;200&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/AlbercarabeSantaClara.JPG/220px-AlbercarabeSantaClara.JPG&quot; width=&quot;150&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;A su monumentalidad se añade su carácter singular. Hoy en día, el Alcázar Seguir de la etapa Hudí (&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/1228&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;1228&quot;&gt;1228&lt;/a&gt;-&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/1243&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;1243&quot;&gt;1243&lt;/a&gt;) es el mejor exponente de un período de transición entre el&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arte_almohade&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Arte almohade&quot;&gt;arte almohade&lt;/a&gt;(con edificios emblemáticos como la Giralda o los Reales Alcázares de Sevilla) y el&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arte_nazar%C3%AD&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Arte nazarí&quot;&gt;nazarí&lt;/a&gt;, cuyo máximo exponente se encuentra en el conjunto monumental de la Alhambra de Granada. Ello se aprecia en la decoración de sus arcos, así como también en el diseño novedoso del&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patio&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Patio&quot;&gt;patio&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;que mantiene los dos paseadores en cruz y los cuatro&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arriate&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Arriate&quot;&gt;arriates&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;(documentados también en el palacio Mardanisí del&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siglo_XII&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Siglo XII&quot;&gt;siglo XII&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;y característicos de la&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arte_almor%C3%A1vide&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Arte almorávide&quot;&gt;arquitectura almorávide&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;y almohade). A ello se añade una gran&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alberca&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Alberca&quot;&gt;alberca&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;central, claro precedente de los palacios nazaríes. Hasta ahora es el único palacio con este diseño conocido en todo el territorio peninsular, diseño que más tarde vuelve a aparecer en el Palacio Al-Badí (&lt;a class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marraquech&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Marraquech&quot;&gt;Marraquech&lt;/a&gt;) ya en el siglo XVII.&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;CATEDRAL DE MURCIA&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Iglesia_Catedral_de_Santa_Mar%C3%ADa_(Murcia).jpg/240px-Iglesia_Catedral_de_Santa_Mar%C3%ADa_(Murcia).jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Iglesia_Catedral_de_Santa_Mar%C3%ADa_(Murcia).jpg/240px-Iglesia_Catedral_de_Santa_Mar%C3%ADa_(Murcia).jpg&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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Consagrada en&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/1465&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;1465&quot;&gt;1465&lt;/a&gt;, sufrió varios añadidos (como la torre-campanario) o reformas puntuales (nuevas capillas o fachadas) principalmente en los&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siglo&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Siglo&quot;&gt;siglos XVI&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;y&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siglo_XVIII&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Siglo XVIII&quot;&gt;XVIII&lt;/a&gt;, por lo que integra el estilo&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arquitectura_g%C3%B3tica&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Arquitectura gótica&quot;&gt;gótico&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;original con añadidos&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renacimiento&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Renacimiento&quot;&gt;renacentistas&lt;/a&gt;,&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barroco&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Barroco&quot;&gt;barrocos&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;y&amp;nbsp;&lt;a class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neocl%C3%A1sico&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Neoclásico&quot;&gt;neoclásicos&lt;/a&gt;. Entre sus elementos arquitectónicos destacan la torre, de 93 metros de altura; la fachada principal o imafronte, considerada como una obra maestra del barroco español; y las capillas de los Vélez, de Junterones y del Trascoro.&lt;/div&gt;
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En la capilla mayor se halla la urna sepulcral donde reposan el corazón y las entrañas de&amp;nbsp;&lt;a class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfonso_X_el_Sabio&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Alfonso X el Sabio&quot;&gt;Alfonso X el Sabio&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;u&gt;TORRE CAMPANARIO&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;La&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;Torre-Campanario&lt;/b&gt;, construida entre&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/1521&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;1521&quot;&gt;1521&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;y&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/1793&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;1793&quot;&gt;1793&lt;/a&gt;, es el símbolo indiscutible de la Catedral y de la ciudad de Murcia, mide 93 metros (98 con la veleta) siendo por tanto la segunda más alta de&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espa%C3%B1a&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;España&quot;&gt;España&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;tras la&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giralda&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Giralda&quot;&gt;Giralda&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;de Sevilla.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Fue ideada en&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/1519&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;1519&quot;&gt;1519&lt;/a&gt;, constituyendo una de las iniciativas más atrevidas del&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabildo_catedralicio&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Cabildo catedralicio&quot;&gt;cabildo catedralicio&lt;/a&gt;, en tiempos del episcopado del&amp;nbsp;&lt;a class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardenal&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Cardenal&quot;&gt;cardenal&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;Mateo Lang. Tras la presencia del arquitecto italiano Francisco Florentino, sería su sucesor al frente del proyecto, su hermano&amp;nbsp;&lt;a class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacobo_Florentino&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Jacobo Florentino&quot;&gt;Jacobo Florentino&lt;/a&gt;, quien acabaría planeando este soberbio campanario en el que trabajó hasta su muerte, acaecida en&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/1525&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;1525&quot;&gt;1525&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Debido a lo dilatado de su proceso constructivo reúne diferentes estilos:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Catedral_de_murcia-2.jpg/220px-Catedral_de_murcia-2.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;320&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Catedral_de_murcia-2.jpg/220px-Catedral_de_murcia-2.jpg&quot; width=&quot;213&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;ul style=&quot;font-family: sans-serif; line-height: 19px; list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;El primer cuerpo, realizado por los italianos Francisco y Jacobo Florentino en&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/1521&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;1521&quot;&gt;1521&lt;/a&gt;, es de planta cuadrada y estilo renacentista con ornamentación del&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plateresco&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Plateresco&quot;&gt;plateresco&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;hispano. En su interior se aloja la&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sacrist%C3%ADa&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Sacristía&quot;&gt;Sacristía Mayor&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;El segundo cuerpo fue realizado por&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jer%C3%B3nimo_Quijano&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Jerónimo Quijano&quot;&gt;Jerónimo Quijano&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;y es del mismo estilo pero siguiendo líneas más puristas; se concluyeron las obras en&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/1555&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;1555&quot;&gt;1555&lt;/a&gt;, quedando paralizadas a este nivel durante más de dos siglos como consecuencia de la preocupante inclinación que comenzó a sufrir la Torre. En su interior se instaló el&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archivo&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Archivo&quot;&gt;Archivo&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;Catedralicio, emplazado a esta altura para evitar las periodicas&amp;nbsp;&lt;a class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riadas&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Riadas&quot;&gt;riadas&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;del&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%ADo_Segura&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Río Segura&quot;&gt;río Segura&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;El tercer cuerpo, donde se aloja la sala del&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reloj&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Reloj&quot;&gt;reloj&lt;/a&gt;, empezó a levantarse en&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/1765&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;1765&quot;&gt;1765&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;ya bajo los cánones del&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barroco&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Barroco&quot;&gt;barroco&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;y teniendo como director a José López, que mediante un cálculo arquitectónico evitó la inclinación anterior de la Torre proyectando una mayor carga de peso hacia el lado contrario.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;En el cuarto cuerpo destacan los&amp;nbsp;&lt;i&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conjuratorio&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Conjuratorio&quot;&gt;conjuratorios&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;, cuatro templetes coronados por cúpulas piramidales y las efigies de los santos Fulgencio, Leandro, Isidoro y Florentina. En ellos se conjuraban las tormentas con la reliquia del&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lignum_Crucis&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Lignum Crucis&quot;&gt;Lignum Crucis&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;que se conserva en la Catedral.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;El quinto cuerpo, de estilo&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rococ%C3%B3&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Rococó&quot;&gt;rococó&lt;/a&gt;, corresponde al campanario, donde se encuentran las 25 campanas de la Catedral.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Corona el conjunto la airosa cúpula trazada por&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ventura_Rodr%C3%ADguez&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Ventura Rodríguez&quot;&gt;Ventura Rodríguez&lt;/a&gt;, de estilo&amp;nbsp;&lt;a class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neocl%C3%A1sico&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Neoclásico&quot;&gt;neoclásico&lt;/a&gt;, culminándose finalmente con la linterna en&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/1793&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;1793&quot;&gt;1793&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 19px;&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;CAPILLA DE LOS VÉLEZ&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Capilla_de_los_Velez_o_de_San_Lucas_de_la_Catedral.jpg/800px-Capilla_de_los_Velez_o_de_San_Lucas_de_la_Catedral.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;240&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Capilla_de_los_Velez_o_de_San_Lucas_de_la_Catedral.jpg/800px-Capilla_de_los_Velez_o_de_San_Lucas_de_la_Catedral.jpg&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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Edificada en estilo&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%B3tico_flam%C3%ADgero&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Gótico flamígero&quot;&gt;gótico flamígero&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;como lugar de enterramiento del Adelantado Mayor del&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reino_de_Murcia&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Reino de Murcia&quot;&gt;Reino de Murcia&lt;/a&gt;; las obras se iniciaron en el&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/1490&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;1490&quot;&gt;1490&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;por mandato del Adelantado D. Juan Chacón bajo el Episcopado de Rodrigo de Borja (&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/1482&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;1482&quot;&gt;1482&lt;/a&gt;-&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/1492&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;1492&quot;&gt;1492&lt;/a&gt;); que fue Papa posteriormente con el nombre de&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alejandro_VI&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Alejandro VI&quot;&gt;Alejandro VI&lt;/a&gt;. Esta capilla es un cuerpo adosado a la fábrica general que ocupaban dos antiguas capillas de la&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Girola&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Girola&quot;&gt;girola&lt;/a&gt;. Tiene planta poligonal y una cúpula estrellada de diez puntas. La construcción de esta capilla dio lugar a un gran pleito entre los Adelantados y el&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concejo_(historia)&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Concejo (historia)&quot;&gt;concejo&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;al estrangular el trazado de la contigua calle Oliver, pleito que tuvo que ser resuelto por los&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reyes_Cat%C3%B3licos&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Reyes Católicos&quot;&gt;Reyes Católicos&lt;/a&gt;. Está dedicada a&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Lucas&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;San Lucas&quot;&gt;San Lucas&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;y se asemeja a la Capilla del Condestable de Burgos o a la de D. Álvaro de Luna en Toledo. Es de autor desconocido, aunque se atribuyó a&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_Guas&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Juan Guas&quot;&gt;Juan Guas&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;o a Juan de León. La obra fue terminada en&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/1507&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;1507&quot;&gt;1507&lt;/a&gt;, siendo Adelantado D. Pedro Fajardo, primer&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marquesado_de_los_V%C3%A9lez&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Marquesado de los Vélez&quot;&gt;Marqués de Los Vélez&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;(de ahí el nombre popular de la capilla).&lt;/div&gt;
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La simbología escultórica de la capilla denota el linaje y el poder adquirido por la familia Fajardo. Un ejemplo de ello es la&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadena&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Cadena&quot;&gt;cadena&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;de piedra que rodea el perímetro exterior de la capilla y los relieves y esculturas con los escudos de la dinastía sostenidos por los denominados&amp;nbsp;&lt;i&gt;salvajes&lt;/i&gt;. Dado su alto valor artístico, en&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/1928&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;1928&quot;&gt;1928&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;fue declarada Monumento Nacional.&lt;/div&gt;
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Fuente histórica e imágenes del contexto:&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;wikipedia.org&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;y &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.casinomurcia.com/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;casinomurcia.com&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://diario1esob.blogspot.com/feeds/8698168863594094626/comments/default' title='Enviar comentarios'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://diario1esob.blogspot.com/2011/12/salida-la-catedral-de-murcia-y-al.html#comment-form' title='0 comentarios'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/398399413071556406/posts/default/8698168863594094626'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/398399413071556406/posts/default/8698168863594094626'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://diario1esob.blogspot.com/2011/12/salida-la-catedral-de-murcia-y-al.html' title='SALIDA A LA CATEDRAL DE MURCIA Y AL CASINO'/><author><name>Anonymous</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/06101323112179821359</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjeknARzO16-iighVv0h27_MpItM1Is6gSMCXcqRQr88rr0-6B1JcFcd79nEMNu8up-EqddNMMPWu2LzLiKt7XMQ1rUGVL7VZSjxc4meiECYpNRrKnSgG3u2o9V6Eh104-U76kn_zV1pxM/s72-c/CATEDRAL+Y+CASINO.png" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total><georss:featurename>Murcia, España</georss:featurename><georss:point>37.9834449 -1.1298897</georss:point><georss:box>37.783200900000004 -1.4457467000000002 38.1836889 -0.8140327</georss:box></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-398399413071556406.post-8649758203591085317</id><published>2011-12-12T17:29:00.001+01:00</published><updated>2011-12-12T17:54:04.790+01:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Winchester 2012"/><title type='text'>THE CITY OF WINCHESTER</title><content type='html'>&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;In April some students are going to &lt;b&gt;Winchester&lt;/b&gt;, a small town in &lt;b&gt;England&lt;/b&gt;. Here you have some interesting data:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Hampshire_UK_location_map.svg/240px-Hampshire_UK_location_map.svg.png&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Hampshire_UK_location_map.svg/240px-Hampshire_UK_location_map.svg.png&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;b&gt;Winchester&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;(archaically known as&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;Winton&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;and&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;Wintonceastre&lt;/b&gt;) is a historic&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_status_in_the_United_Kingdom&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;City status in the United Kingdom&quot;&gt;cathedral city&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;and former&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capital_city&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Capital city&quot;&gt;capital city&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;of&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_England&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Kingdom of England&quot;&gt;England&lt;/a&gt;. It is the&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/County_town&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;County town&quot;&gt;county town&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;of&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hampshire&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Hampshire&quot;&gt;Hampshire&lt;/a&gt;, in&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_East_England&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;South East England&quot;&gt;South East England&lt;/a&gt;. The city lies at the heart of the wider&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_of_Winchester&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;City of Winchester&quot;&gt;City of Winchester&lt;/a&gt;, a local government district, and is located at the western end of the&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Downs&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;South Downs&quot;&gt;South Downs&lt;/a&gt;, along the course of the&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/River_Itchen,_Hampshire&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;River Itchen, Hampshire&quot;&gt;River Itchen&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;sup class=&quot;reference&quot; id=&quot;cite_ref-OS_1-0&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winchester#cite_note-OS-1&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;&quot;&gt;[2]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&amp;nbsp;At the time of the 2001 Census, Winchester had a population of 41,420.&lt;sup class=&quot;reference&quot; id=&quot;cite_ref-2001urbanarea_0-1&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winchester#cite_note-2001urbanarea-0&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;&quot;&gt;[1]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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Winchester developed from the&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_Britain&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Roman Britain&quot;&gt;Roman&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;town of&amp;nbsp;&lt;i&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venta_Belgarum&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Venta Belgarum&quot;&gt;Venta Belgarum&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;. Winchester&#39;s major landmark is&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winchester_Cathedral&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Winchester Cathedral&quot;&gt;Winchester Cathedral&lt;/a&gt;, one of the largest cathedrals in Europe, with the distinction of having the longest nave and overall length of all&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gothic_architecture&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Gothic architecture&quot;&gt;Gothic&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;cathedrals in Europe. The town is also home to the&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Winchester&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;University of Winchester&quot;&gt;University of Winchester&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;and the famous public school,&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winchester_College&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Winchester College&quot;&gt;Winchester College&lt;/a&gt;. The city&#39;s architectural and historic interest, and its fast links to other towns and cities have led Winchester to become one of the most expensive and desirable areas of the country.&lt;sup class=&quot;reference&quot; id=&quot;cite_ref-WinchesterBest_2-0&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winchester#cite_note-WinchesterBest-2&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;&quot;&gt;[3]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&amp;nbsp;A person who is from or resides in Winchester is sometimes locally known as a Wintonian.&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;mw-headline&quot; id=&quot;Landmarks&quot;&gt;Landmarks&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;mw-headline&quot; id=&quot;Cathedral&quot;&gt;Cathedral&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;
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Main article:&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winchester_Cathedral&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Winchester Cathedral&quot;&gt;Winchester Cathedral&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;a class=&quot;image&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:WinCath30Je6-4836wiki.jpg&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;thumbimage&quot; height=&quot;147&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/WinCath30Je6-4836wiki.jpg/220px-WinCath30Je6-4836wiki.jpg&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;&quot; width=&quot;220&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;a class=&quot;internal&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:WinCath30Je6-4836wiki.jpg&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; color: #0645ad; display: block; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Enlarge&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;&quot; height=&quot;11&quot; src=&quot;http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.18/common/images/magnify-clip.png&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; border-width: initial; display: block; vertical-align: middle;&quot; width=&quot;15&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
A view of Winchester Cathedral.&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winchester_Cathedral&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Winchester Cathedral&quot;&gt;Winchester Cathedral&lt;/a&gt;, the longest cathedral in Europe, was originally built in 1079. It contains much fine architecture spanning the 11th to the 16th century and is the place of interment of numerous&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bishop_of_Winchester&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Bishop of Winchester&quot;&gt;Bishops of Winchester&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;(such as&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_of_Wykeham&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;William of Wykeham&quot;&gt;William of Wykeham&lt;/a&gt;),&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglo-Saxons&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Anglo-Saxons&quot;&gt;Anglo-Saxon&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;monarchs (such as&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egbert_of_Wessex&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Egbert of Wessex&quot;&gt;Egbert of Wessex&lt;/a&gt;) and later monarchs such as King&amp;nbsp;&lt;a class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canute_the_Great&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Canute the Great&quot;&gt;Canute&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;and&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_II_of_England&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;William II of England&quot;&gt;William Rufus&lt;/a&gt;,&lt;sup class=&quot;reference&quot; id=&quot;cite_ref-RTGB_11-0&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winchester#cite_note-RTGB-11&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;&quot;&gt;[12]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&amp;nbsp;as well as&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jane_Austen&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Jane Austen&quot;&gt;Jane Austen&lt;/a&gt;. It was once an important&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pilgrim&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Pilgrim&quot;&gt;pilgrimage&lt;/a&gt;centre and housed the&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shrine&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Shrine&quot;&gt;shrine&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;of&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swithun&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Swithun&quot;&gt;Saint Swithun&lt;/a&gt;. The ancient&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pilgrims%27_Way&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Pilgrims&#39; Way&quot;&gt;Pilgrims&#39; Way&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;travelling to&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canterbury&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Canterbury&quot;&gt;Canterbury&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;begins at Winchester. The plan of the earlier&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Minster,_Winchester&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Old Minster, Winchester&quot;&gt;Old Minster&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;is laid out in the grass adjoining the cathedral. The&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Minster,_Winchester&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;New Minster, Winchester&quot;&gt;New Minster&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;(original burial place of&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_the_Great&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Alfred the Great&quot;&gt;Alfred the Great&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;and&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_the_Elder&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Edward the Elder&quot;&gt;Edward the Elder&lt;/a&gt;&lt;sup class=&quot;reference&quot; id=&quot;cite_ref-RTGB_11-1&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winchester#cite_note-RTGB-11&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;&quot;&gt;[12]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;) once stood beside it. It has a girls choir and a boys choir, which sing on a regular basis at the cathedral.&lt;/div&gt;
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The Winchester Cathedral Close contains a number of historic buildings from the time when the cathedral was also a&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Priory&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Priory&quot;&gt;priory&lt;/a&gt;. Of particular note are the&amp;nbsp;&lt;i&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deanery&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Deanery&quot;&gt;Deanery&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&amp;nbsp;which dates back to the thirteenth century. It was originally the Prior&#39;s House, and was the birthplace of&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur,_Prince_of_Wales&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Arthur, Prince of Wales&quot;&gt;Arthur, Prince of Wales&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;in 1486. Not far away is&amp;nbsp;&lt;i&gt;Cheyney Court&lt;/i&gt;, a mid fifteenth century&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timber_framing&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Timber framing&quot;&gt;timber framed&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;house incorporating the Porter&#39;s Lodge for the Priory Gate. It was the Bishop&#39;s court house.&lt;/div&gt;
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The earliest&amp;nbsp;&lt;a class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hammer-beam&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Hammer-beam&quot;&gt;hammer-beamed&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;building still standing in England is also situated in the Cathedral Close, next to the Dean&#39;s garden. It is known as the&amp;nbsp;&lt;i&gt;Pilgrims&#39; Hall&lt;/i&gt;, as it was part of the hostelry used to accommodate the many pilgrims to Saint Swithun&#39;s shrine. Left-overs from the lavish banquets of the Dean would be given to the pilgrims who were welcome to spend the night in the hall. It is thought by Winchester City Council to have been built in 1308. Now part of&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Pilgrims%27_School&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;The Pilgrims&#39; School&quot;&gt;The Pilgrims&#39; School&lt;/a&gt;, the hall is used by the school for assemblies in the morning, drama lessons, plays, orchestral practices, Cathedral Waynflete rehearsals, the school&#39;s Senior Commoners&#39; Choir rehearsals and so forth.&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;mw-headline&quot; id=&quot;Castle&quot;&gt;Castle&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;
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&lt;a class=&quot;image&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Winchester_RoundTable.jpg&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;thumbimage&quot; height=&quot;263&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Winchester_RoundTable.jpg/220px-Winchester_RoundTable.jpg&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;&quot; width=&quot;220&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;a class=&quot;internal&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Winchester_RoundTable.jpg&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; color: #0645ad; display: block; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Enlarge&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;&quot; height=&quot;11&quot; src=&quot;http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.18/common/images/magnify-clip.png&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; border-width: initial; display: block; vertical-align: middle;&quot; width=&quot;15&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
The &quot;Winchester Round Table&quot; in the Great Hall of&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winchester_Castle&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Winchester Castle&quot;&gt;Winchester Castle&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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Winchester is well known for the Great Hall of&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winchester_Castle&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Winchester Castle&quot;&gt;its castle&lt;/a&gt;, which was built in the 12th century. The Great Hall was rebuilt, sometime between 1222 and 1235, and still exists in this form. It is famous for&amp;nbsp;&lt;i&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_Arthur&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;King Arthur&quot;&gt;King Arthur&lt;/a&gt;&#39;s Round Table&lt;/i&gt;, which has hung in the hall from at least 1463. The table actually dates from the 13th century, and as such is not contemporary to Arthur. Despite this it is still of considerable historical interest and attracts many tourists. The table was originally unpainted, but was painted for&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_VIII_of_England&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Henry VIII of England&quot;&gt;King Henry VIII&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;in 1522. The names of the legendary&amp;nbsp;&lt;a class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knights_of_the_Round_Table&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Knights of the Round Table&quot;&gt;Knights of the Round Table&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;are written around the edge of the table surmounted by King Arthur on his throne. Opposite the table are&amp;nbsp;&lt;a class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince_Charles&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Prince Charles&quot;&gt;Prince Charles&#39;&lt;/a&gt;&#39;Wedding Gates&#39;. In the grounds of the Great Hall is a recreation of a&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_Ages&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Middle Ages&quot;&gt;medieval&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;garden. Apart from the hall, only a few excavated remains of the stronghold survive amongst the modern Law Courts. The buildings were supplanted by the&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King%27s_House,_Winchester&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;King&#39;s House, Winchester&quot;&gt;King&#39;s House&lt;/a&gt;, now incorporated into the Peninsula Barracks where there are several military museums. Winchester is also home to the&amp;nbsp;&lt;a class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Army_Training_Regiment&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Army Training Regiment&quot;&gt;Army Training Regiment&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;Winchester, otherwise known as Sir John Moore Barracks, where Army recruits undergo their phase one training.&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;mw-headline&quot; id=&quot;Education&quot;&gt;Education&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;mw-headline&quot; id=&quot;Winchester_College&quot;&gt;Winchester College&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;
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The buildings of Winchester College, a&amp;nbsp;&lt;a class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_school_(UK)&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Public school (UK)&quot;&gt;public school&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;founded by William of Wykeham, still largely date from their first erection in 1382. There are two courtyards, a gatehouse, cloister, hall, a large college chapel and it also owns &quot;The Water Meadows&quot; through which runs a part of the&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/River_Itchen,_Hampshire&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;River Itchen, Hampshire&quot;&gt;River Itchen&lt;/a&gt;. It was planned to educate poor boys before they moved on to&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_College,_Oxford&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;New College, Oxford&quot;&gt;New College, Oxford&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;and often a life in the church.&lt;/div&gt;
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Context of: &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;wikipedia.org&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://diario1esob.blogspot.com/feeds/8649758203591085317/comments/default' title='Enviar comentarios'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://diario1esob.blogspot.com/2011/12/city-of-winchester.html#comment-form' title='0 comentarios'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/398399413071556406/posts/default/8649758203591085317'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/398399413071556406/posts/default/8649758203591085317'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://diario1esob.blogspot.com/2011/12/city-of-winchester.html' title='THE CITY OF WINCHESTER'/><author><name>Anonymous</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/06101323112179821359</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total><georss:featurename>Winchester, Hampshire, Reino Unido</georss:featurename><georss:point>51.059771 -1.310142</georss:point><georss:box>51.019852 -1.389106 51.099689999999995 -1.2311779999999999</georss:box></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-398399413071556406.post-6715759160017188713</id><published>2011-10-07T17:12:00.000+02:00</published><updated>2011-10-07T17:17:47.325+02:00</updated><title type='text'></title><content type='html'>&lt;br /&gt;
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</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://diario1esob.blogspot.com/feeds/6715759160017188713/comments/default' title='Enviar comentarios'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://diario1esob.blogspot.com/2011/10/blog-post.html#comment-form' title='0 comentarios'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/398399413071556406/posts/default/6715759160017188713'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/398399413071556406/posts/default/6715759160017188713'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://diario1esob.blogspot.com/2011/10/blog-post.html' title=''/><author><name>Anonymous</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/06101323112179821359</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-398399413071556406.post-2718748545572548661</id><published>2011-10-03T22:33:00.000+02:00</published><updated>2011-10-03T22:34:59.270+02:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Sociales 3 y 4 H"/><title type='text'>El Islam (Ciencias Sociales 4 y 3 H)</title><content type='html'>&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/IslamSymbol2.svg/196px-IslamSymbol2.svg.png&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;200&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/IslamSymbol2.svg/196px-IslamSymbol2.svg.png&quot; width=&quot;187&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;&quot;&gt;El&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;islam&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;(en&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_%C3%A1rabe&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Idioma árabe&quot;&gt;árabe&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;الإسلام,&amp;nbsp;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;unicode audiolink&quot;&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;internal&quot; href=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e5/Ar-al_islam.ogg&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Ar-al islam.ogg&quot;&gt;al-Islām ▶&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sup style=&quot;line-height: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayuda:Multimedia&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Ayuda:Multimedia&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;metadata audiolinkinfo&quot;&gt;?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;/&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archivo:Ar-al_islam.ogg&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Archivo:Ar-al islam.ogg&quot;&gt;&lt;tt style=&quot;font-family: monospace, &#39;Courier New&#39;;&quot;&gt;i&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/i&gt;) es una&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religi%C3%B3n&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Religión&quot;&gt;religión&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monote%C3%ADsmo&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Monoteísmo&quot;&gt;monoteísta&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religi%C3%B3n_abrah%C3%A1mica&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Religión abrahámica&quot;&gt;abrahámica&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;cuyo dogma se basa en el libro del&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cor%C3%A1n&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Corán&quot;&gt;Corán&lt;/a&gt;, el cual establece como premisa fundamental para sus creyentes que «No hay más Dios que&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al%C3%A1&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Alá&quot;&gt;Alá&lt;/a&gt;&lt;sup class=&quot;reference&quot; id=&quot;cite_ref-0&quot; style=&quot;font-style: normal; line-height: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam#cite_note-0&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&amp;nbsp;y que&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahoma&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Mahoma&quot;&gt;Mahoma&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;es el mensajero de Alá».&lt;sup class=&quot;reference&quot; id=&quot;cite_ref-1&quot; style=&quot;font-style: normal; line-height: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam#cite_note-1&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;2&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&amp;nbsp;La palabra árabe&lt;i&gt;Allah&lt;/i&gt;, castellanizada como Alá, significa ‘Dios’ y su etimología es la misma de la palabra&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenguas_sem%C3%ADticas&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Lenguas semíticas&quot;&gt;semítica&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;i&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/El&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;El&quot;&gt;El&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;, con la que se nombra a Dios en la&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biblia&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Biblia&quot;&gt;Biblia&lt;/a&gt;. Los eruditos islámicos definen al &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;&quot;&gt;islam como: «La sumisión a Dios el Altísimo a través del&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monote%C3%ADsmo&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Monoteísmo&quot;&gt;monoteísmo&lt;/a&gt;, la obediencia y el abandono de la&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idolatr%C3%ADa&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Idolatría&quot;&gt;idolatría&lt;/a&gt;».&lt;sup class=&quot;reference&quot; id=&quot;cite_ref-2&quot; style=&quot;font-style: normal; line-height: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam#cite_note-2&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;3&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: sans-serif; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 19px;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;&quot;&gt;&lt;a name=&#39;more&#39;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;El libro sagrado del islam es el&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cor%C3%A1n&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Corán&quot;&gt;Corán&lt;/a&gt;,&lt;sup class=&quot;reference&quot; id=&quot;cite_ref-autogenerated3_3-0&quot; style=&quot;font-style: normal; line-height: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam#cite_note-autogenerated3-3&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;4&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&amp;nbsp;dictado por Alá a&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahoma&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Mahoma&quot;&gt;Mahoma&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;a través de Yibril (el&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arc%C3%A1ngel_Gabriel&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Arcángel Gabriel&quot;&gt;arcángel Gabriel&lt;/a&gt;). Los seguidores del islam se denominan&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musulm%C3%A1n&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Musulmán&quot;&gt;musulmanes&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;(del árabe&amp;nbsp;&lt;i&gt;muslim&lt;/i&gt;&amp;nbsp;مسلم, &#39;que se somete&#39;). Atestiguan que Mahoma es el último de los profetas enviados por Dios y sello de la Profecía.&lt;sup class=&quot;reference&quot; id=&quot;cite_ref-4&quot; style=&quot;font-style: normal; line-height: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam#cite_note-4&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;5&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;&quot;&gt;
Se aceptan como&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Profeta&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Profeta&quot;&gt;profetas&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;principalmente (pero no limitándose) a&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ad%C3%A1n&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Adán&quot;&gt;Adán&lt;/a&gt;,&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/No%C3%A9&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Noé&quot;&gt;Noé&lt;/a&gt;,&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abraham&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Abraham&quot;&gt;Abraham&lt;/a&gt;,&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mois%C3%A9s&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Moisés&quot;&gt;Moisés&lt;/a&gt;,&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salom%C3%B3n&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Salomón&quot;&gt;Salomón&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;y&amp;nbsp;&lt;a class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jes%C3%BAs&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Jesús&quot;&gt;Jesús&lt;/a&gt;. Además del Corán, los musulmanes de tradición&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunismo&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Sunismo&quot;&gt;sunita&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;siguen asimismo los&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadiz&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Hadiz&quot;&gt;hadices&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;y la&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunismo&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Sunismo&quot;&gt;sunna&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;del profeta Mahoma, que conforman el&amp;nbsp;&lt;i&gt;Registro histórico de las acciones y las enseñanzas del Profeta&lt;/i&gt;. Se aceptan también como libros sagrados la&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tor%C3%A1&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Torá&quot;&gt;Torá&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;(el&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antiguo_Testamento&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Antiguo Testamento&quot;&gt;Antiguo Testamento&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;de los cristianos), los&amp;nbsp;&lt;a class=&quot;new&quot; href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Libros_de_Salom%C3%B3n&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;redlink=1&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #ba0000; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Libros de Salomón (aún no redactado)&quot;&gt;Libros de Salomón&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;y los&amp;nbsp;&lt;a class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evangelios&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Evangelios&quot;&gt;Evangelios&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;(el&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuevo_Testamento&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Nuevo Testamento&quot;&gt;Nuevo Testamento&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;&quot;&gt;
El islam es una&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religi%C3%B3n_abrah%C3%A1mica&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Religión abrahámica&quot;&gt;religión abrahámica&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;monoteísta que adora exclusivamente a Alá sin copartícipes. Se estima que hay en la actualidad entre 1.000 y 1.200 millones de musulmanes en el mundo. Según el&amp;nbsp;&lt;a class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaticano&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Vaticano&quot;&gt;Vaticano&lt;/a&gt;, el islam (conjuntamente con todas sus ramificaciones) es la&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religi%C3%B3n&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Religión&quot;&gt;religión&lt;/a&gt;más extendida del mundo, ya que recientemente ha superado el número de&amp;nbsp;&lt;a class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat%C3%B3lico&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Católico&quot;&gt;católicos&lt;/a&gt;,&lt;sup class=&quot;reference&quot; id=&quot;cite_ref-5&quot; style=&quot;font-style: normal; line-height: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam#cite_note-5&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;6&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&amp;nbsp;y la segunda religión del mundo si se suma el número de fieles de las distintas confesiones del&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cristianismo&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Cristianismo&quot;&gt;cristianismo&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;&quot;&gt;
El islam se inició con la predicación de Mahoma en el año&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/622&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;622&quot;&gt;622&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;en&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Meca&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;La Meca&quot;&gt;La Meca&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;(en la actual&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabia_Saudita&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Arabia Saudita&quot;&gt;Arabia Saudita&lt;/a&gt;). Bajo el liderazgo de Mahoma y sus sucesores, el islam se extendió rápidamente. Existe discrepancia entre los musulmanes y no musulmanes de si se extendió por imposición religiosa o militar, o por conversión de los pueblos al islam.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;Wikipedia&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://diario1esob.blogspot.com/feeds/2718748545572548661/comments/default' title='Enviar comentarios'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://diario1esob.blogspot.com/2011/10/el-islam-ciencias-sociales-4-y-3-h.html#comment-form' title='0 comentarios'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/398399413071556406/posts/default/2718748545572548661'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/398399413071556406/posts/default/2718748545572548661'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://diario1esob.blogspot.com/2011/10/el-islam-ciencias-sociales-4-y-3-h.html' title='El Islam (Ciencias Sociales 4 y 3 H)'/><author><name>Anonymous</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/06101323112179821359</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-398399413071556406.post-20919566994006909</id><published>2011-09-30T17:00:00.001+02:00</published><updated>2011-10-02T00:29:22.109+02:00</updated><title type='text'>Welcome</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
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&lt;b style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Hello. Welcome to the Secondary Education&#39;s blog. In this&amp;nbsp;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #333333;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;hps&quot;&gt;will&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span class=&quot;hps&quot;&gt;information on all&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span class=&quot;hps&quot;&gt;school&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span class=&quot;hps&quot;&gt;subjects, especially English.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;hps&quot;&gt;We hope you like&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span class=&quot;hps&quot;&gt;this blog.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;hps&quot;&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;Hola. Bienvenidos al Blog de Educación Secundaria. Aquí se pondrá toda la información de las asignaturas, especialmente de Inglés. Esperamos que os guste este blog.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://diario1esob.blogspot.com/feeds/20919566994006909/comments/default' title='Enviar comentarios'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://diario1esob.blogspot.com/2011/09/welcome.html#comment-form' title='0 comentarios'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/398399413071556406/posts/default/20919566994006909'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/398399413071556406/posts/default/20919566994006909'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://diario1esob.blogspot.com/2011/09/welcome.html' title='Welcome'/><author><name>Anonymous</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/06101323112179821359</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-398399413071556406.post-5535066369490383460</id><published>2011-03-25T16:30:00.002+01:00</published><updated>2012-06-07T00:53:50.401+02:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="ARTÍCULOS"/><title type='text'>TUTORIAL LOS COLONOS DE CATÁN</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEglFqubHUimwdoOvMo0SsMCYYwKerWy7lpRnlT0jTzjL_bM3fipnIpzhMNGqtb1mOB3QvXd4gVtNfAoqD3kxAvzN0uyvpsO4hr-3OnKYp4gsbZxhoMlGyEjmNWBc1wJX-47apn0k4hUgYg/s1600/escudomarron.gif&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; id=&quot;BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5520106687684384914&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEglFqubHUimwdoOvMo0SsMCYYwKerWy7lpRnlT0jTzjL_bM3fipnIpzhMNGqtb1mOB3QvXd4gVtNfAoqD3kxAvzN0uyvpsO4hr-3OnKYp4gsbZxhoMlGyEjmNWBc1wJX-47apn0k4hUgYg/s400/escudomarron.gif&quot; style=&quot;cursor: hand; display: block; height: 132px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 97px;&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;QUERIDA CLASE DE 1º ESO B:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;HOY DÍA 23/09/2010 ESTRENAMOS ESTE BLOG DE LA CLASE. SERÁ LA PÁG WEB: &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.colegioscarmelitasmu-1eso.blogspot.com/&quot;&gt;http://www.colegioscarmelitasmu-1esob.blogspot.com/&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;EN ESTE BLOG SE INFORMARÁ DE LOS DEBERES Y NOTICIAS QUE HAYAN OCURRIDO EN LA CLASE DE 1º ESO B.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;strong&gt;GRACIAS POR VUESTRA ATENCIÓN&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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