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Dog Aggression – Is it predictable? How do humans’ contribute to dog aggression? Are we responsible?

noreply@blogger.com (joyce kesling, CDBC) — Sat, 25 Apr 2015 18:09:00 +0000

Dog Aggression – Is it predictable? How do humans’ contribute to dog aggression? Are we responsible?

Fighting between dogs is common and often normal dog behavior; however, we should be concerned how successfully we socialize our dogs, as well as consider the contextual environment and quality of where and how social interactions take place. I previously discussed, if using dominance as a construct was useful in intraspecific (dog-dog) and interspecific (dog-human) relationships see Dominance – is it appropriate to explain social relationships between dogs and humans?

The focus was how dogs learn to communicate with each other, the importance of contextual cues available to them in the environment, the physiological and mental states of each individual participant and their earlier social experience. These elements set the tone for each individual dog’s future communicative abilities, their confidence, and adaptability in changing environments and social situations.

Applying this same associative learning principle to developing dog-human relationships, this paper discusses how owners contribute to their dog’s behavior and how predictable an individual dogs’ future behavior develops based on our decisions and behavior.

Introduction

“It is every behaviorist’s hope to see a dog that they would like to own or have as a neighbor – a dog that can socialize with other dogs, cope with the stresses of modern living, behave in a way that is acceptable to the wider community – and an owner that is fully informed about responsible dog ownership” (Judson 1995).

The preceding quote underscores the importance for being an educated responsible dog owner. Dog owners’ benefit by having a satisfying dog-human relationship and bond, when they fail, in most instances, the dog pays the greatest price! This is no laughing matter, “behavior problems are one of the major reasons behind dog abandonment, disposal, and euthanasia” (Arkow & Dow, 1984; Scarlett et al., 2002; Landsberg, 1991; Overall, 1997).

It begins first with breed selection

Breed choice made by owners in many instances determines success or failure. Some breeds need more skill and handling for an average dog owner, do not set yourself and dog up to fail because you have selected a dog above your training ability. Guarding dogs and large breeds in general can be more difficult to handle than small dogs, however, all dogs need training. The differences between large and small dogs is size, weight, genetics, breed function, and your ability to give enough training to manage large dogs, otherwise large dogs present more risks and liability issues when unexpected things go wrong.

The first thing owners should consider is their experience with dogs. Second is one’s familiarity with specific breeds and or size dogs. Third how much time do you have for training, what is your skill level and how much do you know about dog behavior. The fourth consideration is picking a dog that fits your lifestyle not a choice based on magazine pictures, TV shows, movies, last winning dog at Westminster, and immediately available at local pet shops that you should be steering clear of in the first place!

Mismatched owners and dogs!

According to research, “mismatched” owners cause serious problems for dogs. So serious they suggest owners’ inability to respond appropriately to dogs, the quality and timing delivering cues and how well their dog understands what’s being communicated not only affects training new behaviors but also maintaining trained behavior!

The researchers (Yamamoto et al., 2009) speculated three factors decreased future performance, 1.) delayed reward/punishment 2.) delayed presentation of commands, delivery quality, and poor attention 3.) leaves the dog confused. The authors suggest a “negative psychological effect” of feeling awkward, already demonstrated in humans, and possible that dog’s experience this same “negative psychological effect” leading to the confused state. An animal can’t sufficiently learn and support trained behaviors in a state of confusion. This emphasizes clear, consistent communication from both ends of the leash, this means respecting what your dog is communicating to you!

Professional dog trainers already know how important delivery of commands affects performance and training. We recognize dogs’ attention is important when delivering cues, verbal and visual, and how timing of reinforcement and/or punishment effects successful training.

The purpose for this research was to look at how owner responses and delayed timing affected their dogs overall performance. Their results suggest an overall importance of timing when training new behaviors as well as maintaining already trained behaviors in everyday life.

The consequences of your choice and “mismatch” and ignoring these factors causes “stress, frustration, and anxiety in dogs” emphasizing the importance that owners need to understand how their action’s influence their dog’s behavior (Yamamoto et al., 2009).

Owner knowledge and ability

An owner’s relationship and ability to manage and train their dog is critical to dogs succeeding in adapting to differing human environments. According to a study (Kass 1998), there are differences between people who relinquish pets to shelters and those who do not. There were occasions when loss of job, change in income, and/or changes in family was given as a reason; however, the majority was young, poor, and less educated. Many had a poor understanding what it means to own pets, vaccination schedules, neutering, basic training, and knowledge of animal behavior.

Dog-owner bond, it’s important to avoid creating conflicts

Because a dog’s behavior affects its relationship and attachment with its owners, its later behavior has profound effects on their perception of the dog. This is why behavior problems and/or preventive measure need addressed during the socialization and juvenile period. This means training and socialization begins the day owners bring the new puppy home and throughout the rest of their lives! Developmental phases vary according to breed, individual dog and generally, toy breeds mature faster.

It’s recommended owners understand normal canine behavior, their developmental periods, what is expected behaviorally, how to effectively use reinforcement and/or appropriate punishment, and recognize how to change problem behavior before it gets worse. Seek professional help early and not later if necessary, behavior problems have a better chance for successful resolution when owners are proactive.

According to Pageat (1999), what puppies learn during the socialization period will affect their behavior for the rest of their life. He suggests behaviors necessary for successful adaptation should include learning self-control, intra and interspecific communication (dog and human), rules and social hierarchies, detachment, confidence in exploring their environment and socialization skills with humans.

Success means, you need the right help

Professional dog trainers help you; we develop the skill and art through education and hands-on-learning. Like any skill, it takes time to learn, we don’t expect owners to have this skill. However, owners benefit when they choose good trainers. We help you prevent behavior problems preserving quality of life for your dog. Trainers with a background in dog behavior would be one’s wisest choice.

Certified members of the International Association of Animal Behavior Consultants need to meet 5 Core Areas of Expertise. They require completion of 30 CEU’s (continuing education units) every two years. You should qualify dog trainers and dog behaviorists. Ask to see their resume, where they obtained their certifications and credentials.

Your purpose is deciding between dog trainers educated in current scientifically sound training practices from those that do not. Your choice should be dog trainers and/or behavior consultants that use positive reinforcement, understand dog communication and use correction only if necessary using the least amount of force, sometimes called LIMA least intrusive minimally aversive.

According to research (Gazzano et al., 2008) it is common belief that information provided by skilled professionals has a positive effect on the bond between dogs and humans, how dogs interact with others, and how well they adapt to living with us. The authors suggest aside from medical problems, owners contribute to behavior problems in three ways 1.) lack of knowledge about a dogs biological and socio-psychological needs, 2.) incorrect expectations either projected on dogs from owners at the species’ level and/or at the individual level, 3.) and improper interactive behavior with one’s pet!

For more information on research mentioned in the preceding paragraph see “The prevention of undesirable behaviors in dogs: effectiveness of veterinary behaviorists’ advice given to puppy owners” Journal Veterinary Behavior (2008), Vol. 3, No. 3 May/June.

If you have a serious behavior problem you may want to consult with a board certified veterinary behaviorist (ACVB or AVSAB) or certified applied behaviorist (ABS). However, there are limited numbers of these professionals. The purpose of IAABC provides access to professionally trained dog behavior specialists. Many members not only train dogs, but also give preventative behavioral advice, puppy selection help, referrals to qualified breeders, qualified shelters/rescues, and specialized classes for specific problems e.g. “feisty fido.”

Understanding punishment and its effect on training and future behavior

“The aggressor always had a purpose behind his attack; he wanted something to be done, some object to be surrendered by the defender.” ~ Mahatma Gandhi

First, let us define aggression so we understand how inappropriate harsh punishment and forceful training sets dogs up as victims often using aggression to protect themselves, leaving us wondering what happened; given the myth dogs love us unconditionally. In current veterinary literature, many definitions as well as categories for aggression are proposed. According to Reisner (1998), “aggression is a harmful stimulus directed toward a subject, with evidence of intent and arousal, and toward which the target responds aversively.” Others conclude dogs are predators, thus it is necessary to include agonistic behavior in their entire repertoire. According to scientists, canine aggression is a normal behavior and according to Beaver (1999), “…represents a normal expression of distance-increasing vocal and postural communication.” E.O. Wilson says (1975, 2000), aggression is a “physical act or threat of action by one individual that reduces the freedom or genetic fitness of another.”

I’m in full agreement with Beaver’s definition, when we define aggression and accept it as normal canine behavior, our responsibility should be to understand, appreciate and respect dogs and what they are communicating to us. Wilson’s definition suggests aggression can affect the genetic fitness of another individual, one could use captive wolves as an example. See Dominance – is it appropriate to explain social relationships between dogs and humans?

Reisner’s definition, states, “…aggression is a harmful stimulus,” the “target” of aggression can be expected to respond “aversively.” Dogs are predators, according to leading canine researchers and veterinarians, agonistic (aggression) behavior is acceptable as part of their signaling repertoire and considered normal. Humans are technically classified as predators, both species have recognized aggressive behavior, as well as appeasement (submissive) therefore, when humans forcefully interact with dogs, we can and should not be surprised when they retaliate using aggressive responses. We set our dogs up to fail when we choose aversive methods of training and correcting unwanted canine behavior.

Influence or indifference of television trainers!

The influence coming from television related training has created a paradox for dog professionals. One popular dog training program promotes a person who admittedly has no education in professional dog training and definitely, no formal education in normal dog behavior described in scientific literature and taught at universities. On the other hand, this “dog whisperer” has brought to the public’s attention dog behavior problems are resolvable, but that is as far as credit will go.

What is often observed on the “dog whisperer” could and is described as manhandling and often includes physical punishment and provoking the dog. According to Lindsay (2005), canine dominance aggression (CDA) is handled as a “damage-limiting option” and not a “routine aspect of the behavior-therapy process.” He further emphasizes working with already established aggressors that punishment should be limited but ONLY after “basic control” is established using reward-based training! This is in direct conflict with what can be observed on the National Geographic program.

Manhandling dogs was commonly recommended for controlling aggression, but this was over 50 years ago, we’ve come a long way culturally and professionally and this type of dog training is highly questionable and poses many risks. Even someone like the “dog whisperer” who often manhandles dogs successfully e.g. lifting them off their front feet, forcing them to the ground, choking them to the point of submission, does not generalize the dog’s behavior toward others. Rather it will cause very risky situations for family members, especially children, visitors, and strangers that come in contact with that dog.

The types of punishment often viewed and condemned is at best only suppressing threat displays with no change in emotional response to the conflicts occurring between owner and dog. The dog often subjected to these methods is often the dog described as biting without warning and supposed provocation!

According to Lindsay (2005), manhandling causes the following dangerous situations.

Inexperienced owners are at significant and unnecessary risk of being bitten
Manhandling does little to change the causes of domestic aggression and it may actually increase the dog’s aggression
Manhandling may suppress early warning signs of aggression thus making it less predictable and more dangerous

Professional dog trainers are expected as part of their professional obligation to help owners with aggressive dogs; however, this help should be carried out using appropriate restraint while avoiding provoking circumstances that necessitate methods of intimidation for self-defense. Unavoidable mistakes may occur, professional dog trainers should be prepared to handle these kinds of situations using a variety of restraint methods; however, these emergency procedures should never be confused with training!

With all the educational programs given the professional dog training industry, there is no excuse for mistreatment and manhandling dogs, especially when used as examples of training! Instead, dog trainers and owners should look to “more thoughtful, creative, experimental, playful, friendly” ways to train ultimately forming a trusting bond essential for the control and avoidance of canine domestic aggression (Lindsay, 2005).

Dogs are individuals

The problems between owners and dogs often begin when dogs aren’t recognized as individuals with individual needs. This is one reason it is problematic to buy and/or adopt siblings. It would be unfair and incorrect to assume that both dogs in spite of being siblings, growing up in the same environment convey they both have the same needs. Each dog needs individual attention, training, and socialization. This is time intensive for an average dog owner who only wants a companion dog. In addition, raising siblings is ill-advised because often one puppy succeeds while the other fails to achieve its full potential. San Rafael, a Guide Dog organization identified two key problems, raising siblings in the same home was one but did not occur when two puppies from different litters were raised together (Lindsay 2000). One could suggest raising two siblings together raises quality of life issues for one of the dogs!

Socialization and aggression

Another problem occurs when dogs do not stay with the mother long enough to receive enough discipline. Dogs lacking this experience were found over-aggressive with some becoming aggressive when over-socialized with other dogs. Dogs learn easily from other dogs, this includes bad behavior.

Milani (2009) suggests we should not assume because we want to take part in an activity our dogs would naturally enjoy the same activity. For some dogs’ long walks, dog daycare, dog parks, canine sports, and canine competition might be unwelcome, causing anxiety and stress more than enjoyment. Additionally, too much exercise can actually make dog behavior worse. Forcing your dog to take part in activities they do not enjoy causes stress and the activity is associated with the owner. One could suggest unless you recognize your dog enjoys any/all activities you choose to engage, you are jeopardizing your relationship, trust, and the bond between you and your dog. No one likes being forced to do something they do not like or want to do.

These are a few examples of developmentally related problems and failure to recognize individualism, but none the less three examples leading to unwanted behavior; one is related to early developmental considerations, the second highlights mistakes owners make not recognizing dogs as individuals and the third is not recognizing your dog’s temperament and developing personality.

This underscores understanding dog behavior academically is important, dog trainers not sufficiently educated to recognize these kinds of problems are unable to counsel clients sufficiently. Instead, they focus on fixing the dog sometimes using aversive training methods, they are ill-equipped to educate the owner, concerning the dog’s motivation for the problem behavior. Owners need to recognize developmentally related problems as well as treat them. It is a welfare and quality of life issue.

Dominance overused and incorrect labeling leads to aggression!

Dominance widely used in academic and popular literature is used to describe dog behavior and certain types of aggression labeled “dominance aggression.” Dominance used correctly describes relationships between individuals and “erroneously used to describe a supposed trait of individual dogs,” with little evidence, this trait exists (Bradshaw, et al. 2009).

The use of dominance to explain a dog’s undesirable behavior and used in dog training is still being used today in spite of research scientists suggesting this is incorrect. Today, most “zoologists agree the wolf pack should be regarded as an extended family” consisting of a breeding pair and offspring. The original confusion came from differences between scientists studying natural wolf packs and their behavior from those studying captive wolves and their behavior. The difference between captive wolf behavior and natural wolf behavior discussed in more detail in Dominance – is it appropriate to explain social relationships between dogs and humans?

Researchers (Mech, 1999, Packard, 2003, Gadbois, 2002) suggested natural wolf packs more closely model a human family, with parents being dominant to offspring. The breeding pair uses both agonistic and affiliative behavior that serves to promote a cooperative family unit. Natural wolf packs form when two young unrelated male and female wolves form a relationship, breed, and produce offspring. The older wolves “share the leadership role” and have the greatest rights in decision-making. The roles of the adults may change depending on the goals of the family, such as, the female wolf may exercise a leading role in parental care, while males take up the role of foraging and protecting territory perimeters.

Packard (2003) argued strongly against the linear hierarchal structure advanced before, suggesting the hierarchy was more flexible, and inter-individual relationships included both agonistic and affiliative behavior that serve to support a peaceful social structure. In addition, Packard (2003) says, dominant behavior toward offspring could be viewed as parental aggression when exercising control over offspring, and exploratory behavior from youngsters viewed as testing the limits of parental indulgence (Miklosi, 2007).

According to Miklosi, (2007), the “family concept does not exclude hierarchical/dominant relationships” older adults simply outrank offspring by physical strength and experience, and by default are leaders. Depending on the size of the pack, lower ranking wolves may provide leadership roles however, this only occurs shortly before their dispersal.

Our spin on canine dominance aggression

The spin on canine aggression is most often viewed from our perspective, which only makes sense, given we humans have a difficult time imagining other animals have different perspectives and behaviors that enable them to adapt to their environment based on their own physiology and mental capacities. We have a bad habit of viewing humans as being superior to other animals, credit most often attributed to language, humans being the only species have what we’ve defined as language, but this doesn’t mean other species lack communicative ability or quality of life issues equal to ours.

Lindsay (2007) suggests there may be a different spin, another hypothesis explaining why dogs bite humans and most often their owners! He says, “…the social dominance hypothesis does not seem to have much value for understanding and treating most intrafamilial and extrafamilial aggression problems.” According to Lindsay, canine dominance aggression conflicts with this hypothesis because these dogs generally lack competence suggesting it is equal to “tossing a pig in the air and claiming pigs can fly.”

When “dominance aggression” is used to describe and/or label a dog’s behavior, we rarely if ever suggest any responsibility on the owner’s part in creating the conflict. Instead, we “demonize” the aggressive dog, assuming only their guilt to justify in some instances using aversive training methods to resolve the dog’s aggressive problem! Most dog owners do not realize confident animals do not waste time and energy; instead, dogs commonly labeled as dominant aggressive appear socially incompetent, insecure, and over-reactive around people.

References

Gazzano et al. (2008). The prevention of undesirable behaviors in dogs: effectiveness of veterinary behaviorists’

advice given puppy owners. J. Vet. Behav. 3, 125-133.

Lindsay, Steven R. (2000). Handbook of applied dog behavior and training. 3 Vols.

Iowa: Blackwell.

Lindsay, Steven R. (2005). Handbook of applied dog behavior and training. 3 Vols.

Iowa: Blackwell.

Miklosi, Adam. (2007). Dog Behaviour, Evolution, and Cognition. Oxford University Press. Oxford, NY

Milani, Myrna. (2009). Companion Animal Ethology: Practical insights into behavior, physiology, and the human-animal bond for animal-care professionals.

Yamamoto et al. (2009). Influence of delayed timing of owners’ actions on the behaviors of their dogs, Canis familiaris.

J. Vet. Behav. 4, 11-18.

Dominance – is it appropriate to explain social relationships between dogs and humans?

Responsible Dog and Cat

Training and Behavior Solutions

Combining Art and Science for Training Animals

Joyce D. Kesling, CDBC

Sarasota, Florida

941-966-1188

http://responsibledog.net

http://responsibledog.wordpress.com/

http://k9psych.wordpress.com/

http://k9psych.blogspot.com/

The greatness of a nation and its moral progress can be judged by the way its animals are treated. Mahatma Gandhi 1869 – 1948

IAABC POSITION STATEMENT ON LIMA (LEAST INTRUSIVE MINIMALLY AVERSIVE)

noreply@blogger.com (joyce kesling, CDBC) — Sat, 25 Apr 2015 18:08:00 +0000

IAABC Position statement on LIMA

What do you want the animal TO do?IAABC Position statement on LIMA

What do you want the animal TO do?

The International Association of Animal Behavior Consultants supports a Least Intrusive, Minimally Aversive (LIMA) approach to behavior modification and training.

What Is LIMA?

LIMA requires that trainers and behavior consultants use the “least intrusive, minimally aversive technique likely to succeed in achieving a training [or behavior change] objective with minimal risk of producing adverse side effects.” It is also a competence criterion, requiring that trainers and behavior consultants be adequately trained and skilled in order to ensure that the least intrusive and aversive procedure is in fact used. 1

LIMA Is Competence-Based

LIMA requires that trainers/behavior consultants work to increase the use of positive reinforcement and lessen the use of punishment in work with companion animals and the humans who care for them. LIMA protocols are designed to be maximally humane to learners of all species. In order to ensure best practices, consultants/trainers should pursue and maintain competence in animal behavior consulting through education, training, or supervised experience, and should not advise on problems outside the recognized boundaries of their competencies and experience.2

Positive Reinforcement and Understanding the Learner

Positive reinforcement should be the first line of teaching, training and behavior change program considered, and should be applied consistently. Positive reinforcement is associated with the lowest incidence of aggression, attention-seeking, and avoidance/fear in learners3.

Only the learner determines what is reinforcing. It is crucial that the consultant/trainer understands and has the ability to appropriately apply this principle. This may mean that handling, petting, various tools and environments are assessed by the handler each time the learner experiences them, and that trainer bias not determine the learner’s experience. The measure of each stimulus is whether the learner’s target behavior is strengthening or weakening, and not the consultant/trainer’s intent or preference.

Clarity and Consistency in Problem Solving

It is the handler’s responsibility to make training and modification of behavior clear, consistent and possible for the learner. We recognize that a variation of learning and behavior change strategies may come into play during a learning/teaching relationship, and can be humane and a least intrusive, effective choice in application. 4 However, ethical use of this variation is always dependent on the consultant/trainer’s ability to adequately problem solve, to understand his or her actions on the learner, and requires sensitivity toward the learner’s experience.

Preventing Abuse

We seek to prevent the abuses and potential repercussions of unnecessary, inappropriate, poorly applied or inhumane uses of punishment. The potential effects of punishment can include aggression or counter-aggression; suppressed behavior (preventing the consultant/trainer from adequately reading the animal); increased anxiety and fear; physical harm; a negative association with the owner or handlers; and increased unwanted behavior, or new unwanted behaviors. 5

Choice and Control for the Learner

LIMA guidelines require that consultants always offer the learner as much control and choice as possible during the learning process, and treat each individual of any species with respect and awareness of the learner’s individual nature and needs.6

What Do You Want the Animal TO do?

We focus on reinforcing desired behaviors, and always ask the question, “What do you want the animal TO do?” when working through a training or behavior problem. Relying on punishment in training does not answer this question, and therefore offers no acceptable behavior for the animal to learn in place of the unwanted behavior.

Punishment should never be the first line of treatment in an intervention, nor should it make up the majority of a behavior modification program. Further, it should be discontinued as quickly as possible once the desired behavior change has taken place. In cases where the application of punishment is considered, best practices of application and next steps can best be determined by understanding and following the Humane Hierarchy of Behavior Change – Procedures for Humane and Effective Practices, outlined in the diagram attached.7

For these reasons, we strongly support the humane and thoughtful application of LIMA protocols, and applaud those working with animals and humans in a humane and thoughtful manner.

Suggested Hierarchy of Behavior Change Procedure from Least to Most Intrusive*

Suggested Hierarchy of Behavior

Change Procedure from Least to Most Intrusive

*Intrusiveness refers to the degree to which the learner has counter control. The goal is to use the procedure that is the least intrusive, effective alternative. In the course of an experienced behavior consultant’s practice, there may be situations in which a relatively more intrusive procedure is necessary for effective outcomes. In this case, a procedure that reduces the learner’s control may be the least intrusive, effective alternative. Wellness is at the top of the hierarchy to ensure that a learning solution is not implemented for behavior problems due to pain or illness. The hierarchy is a cautionary tool to reduce both dogmatic rule following and practice by familiarity or convenience. It offers an ethical checkpoint for consultants to carefully consider the process by which effective outcomes can be most humanely achieved on a case-by-case basis. Rationale like, “It worked with the last case!” is not enough. The evaluation and behavior change program of every animal should be a study of the individual (i.e., individual animal, setting, caregiver, etc.). Changing behavior is best understood as a study of one.

1. [Steven Lindsay, Handbook of Applied Dog Behavior and Training Vol 3]↑

2. [Per the IAABC Code of Ethics Principle III at iaabc.org/ethics]↑

3. [“[The] use of positive reinforcement alone was associated with the lowest mean scores (attention- seeking score 0.33; fear (avoidance) score 0.18; aggression score 0.1). The highest mean attention-seeking score (0.49) was found in dogs whose owners used a combination of positive reinforcement and negative reinforcement. The highest mean avoidance score (0.31) was found in dogs whose owners used a combination of all categories of training method. Owners using a combination of positive reinforcement and positive punishment had dogs with the highest mean aggression score (0.27).” Emily J. Blackwell, Caroline Twells, Anne Seawright, Rachel A. Casey, The relationship between training methods and the occurrence of behavior problems, as reported by owners, in a population of domestic dogs, Journal of Veterinary Behavior: Clinical Applications and Research, Volume 3, Issue 5, September—October 2008, Pages 207—217, ISSN 1558-7878, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jveb.2007.10.008.%5D↑

4 · Negative reinforcement (R-)- handler removes an aversive (unwanted) stimulus to increase the frequency of behavior.

· Negative punishment (P-)- Handler removes a desired stimulus to reduce the frequency of behavior

· Positive reinforcement (R+)- Handler adds a desired stimulus to increase the frequency of behavior.

· Positive punishment (P+) – Handler adds an unwanted or aversive stimulus to reduce the frequency of behavior. ↑

5 See avsabonline.org · Hutchinson RR. 1977. By-products of aversive control. In: Honig WK, Staddon JER, eds. Handbook of Operant Behavior. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall: 415-431. · Azrin NH. 1960. Effects of punishment intensity during variable-interval reinforcement. J Exp Anal Behav 3: 123-142. · Azrin NH, Holz WC, Hake DR. 1963. Fixed-ratio punishment. J Exp Anal Behav 6: 141-148. • Pauli AM, Bentley E, Diehl AK, Miller PE. 2006. Effects of the application of neck pressure by a collar or harness on intraocular pressure in dogs. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 42(3): 207-211. · Drobatz KJ, Saunders HM, Pugh CR, Hendricks JC. 1995. Noncardiogenic pulmonary edema in dogs and cats: 26 cases (1987-1993). J Am Vet Med Assoc 206: 1732-1736. · Azrin NH, Rubin HB, Hutchinson RR. 1968. Biting attack by rats in response to aversive shock. J Exp Anal Behav 11: 633-639.↑

6 Brambell’s Five Freedoms, used as animal and human welfare guidelines:

· Freedom from hunger or thirst by ready access to fresh water and a diet to maintain full health and vigor

· Freedom from discomfort by providing an appropriate environment including shelter and a comfortable resting area

· Freedom from pain, injury or disease by prevention or rapid diagnosis and treatment

· Freedom to express (most) normal behavior by providing sufficient space, proper facilities and company of the animal’s own kind

· Freedom from fear and distress by ensuring conditions and treatment that avoids mental suffering ↑

7 S. Friedman , What’s Wrong with the Picture? Effectiveness is Not Enough, APDT Journal March/April 2010 ↑

Download a copy of this paper here

READ ON LINE HERE: IAABC Position statement on LIMA

ADDITIONAL READING:

There are 3 Es in modern dog training: Efficacy, Efficiency and Ethics

The International Association of Animal Behavior Consultants supports a Least Intrusive, Minimally Aversive (LIMA) approach to behavior modification and training.

What Is LIMA?

LIMA requires that trainers and behavior consultants use the “least intrusive, minimally aversive technique likely to succeed in achieving a training [or behavior change] objective with minimal risk of producing adverse side effects.” It is also a competence criterion, requiring that trainers and behavior consultants be adequately trained and skilled in order to ensure that the least intrusive and aversive procedure is in fact used. ¹

LIMA Is Competence-Based

LIMA requires that trainers/behavior consultants work to increase the use of positive reinforcement and lessen the use of punishment in work with companion animals and the humans who care for them. LIMA protocols are designed to be maximally humane to learners of all species. In order to ensure best practices, consultants/trainers should pursue and maintain competence in animal behavior consulting through education, training, or supervised experience, and should not advise on problems outside the recognized boundaries of their competencies and experience.²

Positive Reinforcement and Understanding the Learner

Positive reinforcement should be the first line of teaching, training and behavior change program considered, and should be applied consistently. Positive reinforcement is associated with the lowest incidence of aggression, attention-seeking, and avoidance/fear in learners³.

Only the learner determines what is reinforcing. It is crucial that the consultant/trainer understands and has the ability to appropriately apply this principle. This may mean that handling, petting, various tools and environments are assessed by the handler each time the learner experiences them, and that trainer bias not determine the learner’s experience. The measure of each stimulus is whether the learner’s target behavior is strengthening or weakening, and not the consultant/trainer’s intent or preference.

Clarity and Consistency in Problem Solving

It is the handler’s responsibility to make training and modification of behavior clear, consistent and possible for the learner. We recognize that a variation of learning and behavior change strategies may come into play during a learning/teaching relationship, and can be humane and a least intrusive, effective choice in application. ⁴ However, ethical use of this variation is always dependent on the consultant/trainer’s ability to adequately problem solve, to understand his or her actions on the learner, and requires sensitivity toward the learner’s experience.

Preventing Abuse

We seek to prevent the abuses and potential repercussions of unnecessary, inappropriate, poorly applied or inhumane uses of punishment. The potential effects of punishment can include aggression or counter-aggression; suppressed behavior (preventing the consultant/trainer from adequately reading the animal); increased anxiety and fear; physical harm; a negative association with the owner or handlers; and increased unwanted behavior, or new unwanted behaviors. ⁵

Choice and Control for the Learner

LIMA guidelines require that consultants always offer the learner as much control and choice as possible during the learning process, and treat each individual of any species with respect and awareness of the learner’s individual nature and needs.⁶

What Do You Want the Animal TO do?

We focus on reinforcing desired behaviors, and always ask the question, “What do you want the animal TO do?” when working through a training or behavior problem. Relying on punishment in training does not answer this question, and therefore offers no acceptable behavior for the animal to learn in place of the unwanted behavior.

Punishment should never be the first line of treatment in an intervention, nor should it make up the majority of a behavior modification program. Further, it should be discontinued as quickly as possible once the desired behavior change has taken place. In cases where the application of punishment is considered, best practices of application and next steps can best be determined by understanding and following the Humane Hierarchy of Behavior Change – Procedures for Humane and Effective Practices, outlined in the diagram attached.⁷

For these reasons, we strongly support the humane and thoughtful application of LIMA protocols, and applaud those working with animals and humans in a humane and thoughtful manner.

Suggested Hierarchy of Behavior Change Procedure from Least to Most Intrusive^*

*Intrusiveness refers to the degree to which the learner has counter control. The goal is to use the procedure that is the least intrusive, effective alternative. In the course of an experienced behavior consultant’s practice, there may be situations in which a relatively more intrusive procedure is necessary for effective outcomes. In this case, a procedure that reduces the learner’s control may be the least intrusive, effective alternative. Wellness is at the top of the hierarchy to ensure that a learning solution is not implemented for behavior problems due to pain or illness. The hierarchy is a cautionary tool to reduce both dogmatic rule following and practice by familiarity or convenience. It offers an ethical checkpoint for consultants to carefully consider the process by which effective outcomes can be most humanely achieved on a case-by-case basis. Rationale like, “It worked with the last case!” is not enough. The evaluation and behavior change program of every animal should be a study of the individual (i.e., individual animal, setting, caregiver, etc.). Changing behavior is best understood as a study of one.

1. [Steven Lindsay, Handbook of Applied Dog Behavior and Training Vol 3]↑

2. [Per the IAABC Code of Ethics Principle III at iaabc.org/ethics]↑

3. [“[The] use of positive reinforcement alone was associated with the lowest mean scores (attention- seeking score 0.33; fear (avoidance) score 0.18; aggression score 0.1). The highest mean attention-seeking score (0.49) was found in dogs whose owners used a combination of positive reinforcement and negative reinforcement. The highest mean avoidance score (0.31) was found in dogs whose owners used a combination of all categories of training method. Owners using a combination of positive reinforcement and positive punishment had dogs with the highest mean aggression score (0.27).” Emily J. Blackwell, Caroline Twells, Anne Seawright, Rachel A. Casey, The relationship between training methods and the occurrence of behavior problems, as reported by owners, in a population of domestic dogs, Journal of Veterinary Behavior: Clinical Applications and Research, Volume 3, Issue 5, September—October 2008, Pages 207—217, ISSN 1558-7878,http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jveb.2007.10.008.%5D ↑

4 · Negative reinforcement (R-)- handler removes an aversive (unwanted) stimulus to increase the frequency of behavior.
· Negative punishment (P-)- Handler removes a desired stimulus to reduce the frequency of behavior
· Positive reinforcement (R+)- Handler adds a desired stimulus to increase the frequency of behavior.
· Positive punishment (P+) – Handler adds an unwanted or aversive stimulus to reduce the frequency of behavior. ↑

5 See avsabonline.org · Hutchinson RR. 1977. By-products of aversive control. In: Honig WK, Staddon JER, eds. Handbook of Operant Behavior. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall: 415-431. · Azrin NH. 1960. Effects of punishment intensity during variable-interval reinforcement. J Exp Anal Behav 3: 123-142. · Azrin NH, Holz WC, Hake DR. 1963. Fixed-ratio punishment. J Exp Anal Behav 6: 141-148. • Pauli AM, Bentley E, Diehl AK, Miller PE. 2006. Effects of the application of neck pressure by a collar or harness on intraocular pressure in dogs. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 42(3): 207-211. · Drobatz KJ, Saunders HM, Pugh CR, Hendricks JC. 1995. Noncardiogenic pulmonary edema in dogs and cats: 26 cases (1987-1993). J Am Vet Med Assoc 206: 1732-1736. · Azrin NH, Rubin HB, Hutchinson RR. 1968. Biting attack by rats in response to aversive shock. J Exp Anal Behav 11: 633-639.↑

6 Brambell’s Five Freedoms, used as animal and human welfare guidelines:
· Freedom from hunger or thirst by ready access to fresh water and a diet to maintain full health and vigor
· Freedom from discomfort by providing an appropriate environment including shelter and a comfortable resting area
· Freedom from pain, injury or disease by prevention or rapid diagnosis and treatment
· Freedom to express (most) normal behavior by providing sufficient space, proper facilities and company of the animal’s own kind
· Freedom from fear and distress by ensuring conditions and treatment that avoids mental suffering ↑

7 S. Friedman , What’s Wrong with the Picture? Effectiveness is Not Enough, APDT Journal March/April 2010 ↑

Download a copy of this paper here

READ ON LINE HERE: IAABC Position statement on LIMA

ADDITIONAL READING:

There are 3 Es in modern dog training: Efficacy, Efficiency and Ethics

The Dog Zombie: Should dog training be 100% positive?

noreply@blogger.com (joyce kesling, CDBC) — Sat, 25 Apr 2015 17:31:00 +0000

The Dog Zombie: Should dog training be 100% positive?

Steven Seymour on the Kennel Club's Failure

noreply@blogger.com (joyce kesling, CDBC) — Fri, 06 Jan 2012 21:45:00 +0000

- Terrierman's Daily Dose -

Steven Seymour on the Kennel Club's Failure

Are Defective Dogs Subject to a 4-Year Warranty?

noreply@blogger.com (joyce kesling, CDBC) — Thu, 05 Jan 2012 17:51:00 +0000

- Terrierman's Daily Dose -

Are Defective Dogs Subject to a 4-Year Warranty?

Teaching dogs manners often equates to safety not dominance!

noreply@blogger.com (joyce kesling, CDBC) — Fri, 30 Dec 2011 16:41:00 +0000

Teaching dogs manners often equates to safety not dominance!

December 30, 2011

Joyce Kesling, CDBC

Nothing is black and white, we are a huge population of dog owners with a variety of reasons for having them. The fixation on dominance comparisons seems to focus on such ridiculous reasoning. How does smearing your babies poop on the wall teach your dog to be "safe" around babies? Someone please explain this one to me, I’ve not encountered this reasoning yet!

Leadership is not the same as teaching manners and safety! However, the two are closely related. Allowing dogs to rush through doors is not at all related to dominance unless you're making getting to a resource first as part of the equation!

Teaching dogs to move out of your way is not any different from navigating through a crowded bar! Some people can be so drunk, mixed with a low tolerance for space issues that bumping into them might initiate an attack on you! This is why we use words like "excuse me" to pass safely. You could include "excuse me" in the safety signal category! I’m letting the person know what is going to happen, what they can expect! This by no means guarantees safe passage!

To suggest that dominance implies making your dog move out of your way establishes leadership is a bit far-fetched! Why can't we make more reasonable comparisons? For example (!) what IF you (professional dog trainer) were contacted by an 89 year old person using a walker to navigate their small condo and world? Is it really too much to ask in some situations that our dogs learn to move, learn to sit at doorways because it's simple manners that involve our safety?

Here's a great example! My 90# doberman decides to lay alongside my bed, right in the limited pathway I have to get by! What IF there were no exceptions to the idea floated around dogdom asking him to move would be compared to teaching my dog that I'm dominate! Has anyone considered the alternative? I at my much younger age and mobility say to myself, I'll just step over him and while doing so, he is startled and jumps up knocking me to the floor! This has nothing to do with neither teaching leadership nor dominance! It’s about safety!

I think there are perfectly good reasons and examples why teaching dogs signals that protect us as well as them that don’t equate to dominance!

Seeking Action in “Clean Green” New Zealand

noreply@blogger.com (joyce kesling, CDBC) — Tue, 29 Nov 2011 16:38:00 +0000

Seeking Action in “Clean Green” New Zealand

September 29, 2011 11:30 AM

noreply@blogger.com (joyce kesling, CDBC) — Thu, 29 Sep 2011 21:31:00 +0000

September 29, 2011 11:31 AM

noreply@blogger.com (joyce kesling, CDBC) — Thu, 29 Sep 2011 21:30:00 +0000

Size matters: Length of songbirds’ playlists linked to brain region proportions

noreply@blogger.com (joyce kesling, CDBC) — Wed, 21 Sep 2011 02:16:00 +0000

Size matters: Length of songbirds’ playlists linked to brain region proportions

Health of Pedigree Dogs

noreply@blogger.com (joyce kesling, CDBC) — Mon, 14 Feb 2011 17:21:00 +0000

This is Baby! Really!

February 14, 2011

Joyce Kesling, CDBC, Professional Dog Trainer

How Selective Breeding is Affecting the Welfare of Dogs

Health of Pedigree Dogs

Dog Aggression – Is it predictable? How do humans’ contribute to dog aggression? Are we responsible? Part One

noreply@blogger.com (joyce kesling, CDBC) — Fri, 01 Jan 2010 18:06:00 +0000

These are dog's weapons, they use them to defend themselves, in some instances toward humans who are behaving aggressively toward them!

October 23, 2009

Joyce Kesling, CDBC

Dog Aggression – Is it predictable? How do humans’ contribute to dog aggression? Are we responsible? Part One

Introduction

It begins first with breed selection

Mismatched owners and dogs!

Owner knowledge and ability

Dog-owner bond, it’s important to avoid creating conflicts

Success means, you need the right help

Understanding punishment and its effect on training and future behavior

“The aggressor always had a purpose behind his attack; he wanted something to be done, some object to be surrendered by the defender.” ~ Mahatma Gandhi

Influence or indifference of television trainers!

According to Lindsay (2005), manhandling causes the following dangerous situations.

Inexperienced owners are at significant and unnecessary risk of being bitten
Manhandling does little to change the causes of domestic aggression and it may actually increase the dog’s aggression
Manhandling may suppress early warning signs of aggression thus making it less predictable and more dangerous

Dogs are individuals

Socialization and aggression

Dominance overused and incorrect labeling leads to aggression!

Our spin on canine dominance aggression

References

Gazzano et al. (2008). The prevention of undesirable behaviors in dogs: effectiveness of veterinary behaviorists’

advice given puppy owners. J. Vet. Behav. 3, 125-133.

Lindsay, Steven R. (2000). Handbook of applied dog behavior and training. 3 Vols.

Iowa: Blackwell.

Lindsay, Steven R. (2005). Handbook of applied dog behavior and training. 3 Vols.

Iowa: Blackwell.

Miklosi, Adam. (2007). Dog Behaviour, Evolution, and Cognition. Oxford University Press. Oxford, NY

Milani, Myrna. (2009). Companion Animal Ethology: Practical insights into behavior, physiology, and the human-animal bond for animal-care professionals.

Yamamoto et al. (2009). Influence of delayed timing of owners’ actions on the behaviors of their dogs, Canis familiaris.

J. Vet. Behav. 4, 11-18.

Dominance – is it appropriate to explain social relationships between dogs and humans?

Responsible Dog and Cat

Training and Behavior Solutions

Combining Art and Science for Training Animals

Joyce D. Kesling, CDBC

P.O. Box 15992

Sarasota, Florida 34277

941-966-1188

http://responsibledog.net

http://responsibledog.wordpress.com/

http://k9psych.wordpress.com/

http://k9psych.blogspot.com/

The greatness of a nation and its moral progress can be judged by the way its animals are treated. Mahatma Gandhi 1869 – 1948

Campaign to ban Cesar Millan’s The Dog Whisperer from Italian TV

noreply@blogger.com (joyce kesling, CDBC) — Fri, 01 Jan 2010 17:42:00 +0000

Campaign to ban Cesar Millan’s The Dog Whisperer from Italian TV

22 October 2009

Members of the APBC have provided information and resources to concerned pet behaviour counsellors in Italy following the broadcast of The Dog Whisperer featuring Cesar Millan on Italian TV.

The Italian pet behaviour counsellor Laura Borromeo contacted members of the APBC after just three episodes of the controversial show were aired. She is developing a campaign that aims to educate the public that there are alternatives to Cesar Millan’s methods.

The Italian ASETRA web site represents the Society for the Ethological Studies of the Relationship between Animals and Humans and it is denouncing Millan’s methods with dogs: http://www.asetra.it/?Comunicati_Asetra

The Italian veterinary web site ANMVI is warning vets and owners about how dangerous and abusive Millan’s approach is towards dogs. They announce that they are taking steps to stop the show from being broadcast: http://www.anmvioggi.it/10262/12-10-09/la-veterinaria-disapprova-il-metodo-millan

There has also been coverage in the local Italian newspapers too where the headline message is equally clear; “Stop Millan – the veterinarians say he is educating people in the wrong way.”

Laura Borromeo is taking advice from lawyers so that a strategy can lead to the program being prevented from being broadcast.

Dog owners, dog trainers, pet behaviour counsellors and vets all have a choice in how pets are treated. The APBC believes in promoting the best in pet behaviour and it is clear from experience and research that some of the methods used by Cesar Millan can lead to an increase in dog aggression and behaviour problems. That’s why the APBC chooses to use better ways to train pets. There is a choice.

Graham Thompson

APBC Provisional Member.

http://www.apbc.org.uk/blog/CM_Italy

Training is a quality of life issue for pets…What training tools are recommended and should be avoided?

noreply@blogger.com (joyce kesling, CDBC) — Fri, 01 Jan 2010 17:38:00 +0000

Training is a quality of life issue for pets…What training tools are recommended and should be avoided?

I’ve included in the following a list of recommended dog training tools and dog-training tools that should be avoided. The recommendation was published in the Journal of Veterinary Behavior (2006) and presented at the Advanced Behavior Course at the North American Veterinary Conference, Post Graduate Institute

However, many dog owners are unaware of these recommendations and continue to use Flexi-Leads even though professional dog trainers do not use them. However, given the right instruction, proper size Flexi-Lead, owners can learn to navigate their dog effectively. I have created the following video demonstrating how a professional trainer can use them. If you still prefer using this tool but still struggle to manage your pulling dog, you can get help from a professional dog trainer. However, these devices can be very problematic, dangerous and not used properly do encourage inappropriate dog manners and behavior.

Often, owners are unsuccessful teaching their dog to walk nicely on lead struggling as their dog takes them for their walks. Often owners succumb to their dogs pulling and relieve their anxiety using a retractable lead (Flexi-Lead) as a way to solve this problem. This is incorrect thinking, you still have a pulling dog, and you don’t have control over your dogs behavior, this can create a community problem when you don’t have your dog under control. A dog pulling you on walks says a lot about your relationship you have with your companion dog.

As you watch the video notice, Darwin IS walking with me, often looking for cues. When training different behaviors you must be careful how much lead is extracted and when retracting, this is done carefully to avoid snapping your dog and/or causing him to change position. There is an example included. There may have been a slight pull during a down stay causing Darwin to stand up; I simply correct him, getting him back into down position. This is unlikely to occur using a long line!

I also prefer using a Flexi-lead larger than recommended; I’m using a Flex-lead for dogs exceeding 100 lbs. It’s my experience the small Flexi-leads are too flimsy providing little to nothing to actually hold and control. I recommend if you are going to use these products that you learn how to use them properly as well as buy an adequate size for full control.

Additionally, Darwin has no problem doing any common behaviors, sit, down, stay, even roll over. I make one correction associated with attention, followed by releasing all tension between the lead, my dog and myself. The same is done using any type lead!

I am not advocating using Flexi-leads, I am demonstrating if you choose to use one, equal importance should be placed on training your dog to walk correctly and confident you have a good recall and out; meaning you have control using this tool

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3QNKdkjFGdQ

What training tools—in addition to their brains—do the trainers use?

Good tools promote calm and relaxed behavior, and efficient learning that is in the best interests of the dog and the dog-human team. Good tools include

a) small, bite-sized treats (check for food allergies first!!!)

b) leashes

c) head collars

d) flat collars

e) harnesses

f) praise

g) toys (as a reinforcer of good behavior)

2. Tools that should be avoided because they increase fear and anxiety:

a) shock collars / electric collars / e-collars / static collars

b) prong collars

c) “correction” collars

d) choke collars, choke chains (sometimes euphemistically referred to as training collars)

Some tools can be problematic or become problematic when used incorrectly, but you might not think

so at the outset. Examples include:

Flexi leads: Flexi leads are not training tools. If the dog does not know how to walk nicely on a lead, he will not learn using a Flexi lead alone. Also, Flexi leads allow dogs to explore without overt supervision and without the attention of the client. Thus, the dog can become a victim of another dog, a bicycle, or a car, or the dog may injure someone who he or she trips with the lead when turning a corner or lunging through crowds. Finally, the handle of these flexible leashes is difficult to impossible to use well if you are elderly, young, have small hands, or have arthritis. If this handle is pulled from the clients hands it can become an airborne weapon and do damage to the dog or to another individual.

Reference

Journal of Veterinary Behavior (2006) 1, 47-52. Good trainers: How to identify one and why this is important to your practice of veterinary medicine

Responsible Dog and Cat

Training and Behavior Solutions

Combining Art and Science for Training Animals

Joyce D. Kesling, CDBC

P.O. Box 15992

Sarasota, Florida 34277

941-966-1188

http://responsibledog.net

http://responsibledog.wordpress.com/

http://k9psych.wordpress.com/

http://k9psych.blogspot.com/

Unpacking the HSUS Gravy Train

noreply@blogger.com (joyce kesling, CDBC) — Fri, 01 Jan 2010 17:19:00 +0000

Unpacking the HSUS Gravy Train

Campaign to ban Cesar Millans The Dog Whisperer from Italian TV

noreply@blogger.com (joyce kesling, CDBC) — Wed, 18 Nov 2009 18:12:00 +0000

Campaign to ban Cesar Millans The Dog Whisperer from Italian TV

22 October 2009

Members of the APBC have provided information and resources to concerned pet behaviour counsellors in Italy following the broadcast of The Dog Whisperer featuring Cesar Millan on Italian TV.

The Italian pet behaviour counsellor Laura Borromeo contacted members of the APBC after just three episodes of the controversial show were aired. She is developing a campaign that aims to educate the public that there are alternatives to Cesar Millan’s methods.

The Italian ASETRA web site represents the Society for the Ethological Studies of the Relationship between Animals and Humans and it is denouncing Millan’s methods with dogs: http://www.asetra.it/?Comunicati_Asetra

The Italian veterinary web site ANMVI is warning vets and owners about how dangerous and abusive Millan's approach is towards dogs. They announce that they are taking steps to stop the show from being broadcast: http://www.anmvioggi.it/10262/12-10-09/la-veterinaria-disapprova-il-metodo-millan

There has also been coverage in the local Italian newspapers too where the headline message is equally clear; “Stop Millan - the veterinarians say he is educating people in the wrong way.”

Laura Borromeo is taking advice from lawyers so that a strategy can lead to the program being prevented from being broadcast.

Dog owners, dog trainers, pet behaviour counsellors and vets all have a choice in how pets are treated. The APBC believes in promoting the best in pet behaviour and it is clear from experience and research that some of the methods used by Cesar Millan can lead to an increase in dog aggression and behaviour problems. That’s why the APBC chooses to use better ways to train pets. There is a choice.

Graham Thompson

APBC Provisional Member.

http://www.apbc.org.uk/blog/CM_Italy

http://wp.me/poTwS-aM

No Shock Collar Coalition ~ Join for Dogs Sake!

noreply@blogger.com (joyce kesling, CDBC) — Wed, 18 Nov 2009 16:24:00 +0000

No Shock Collar Coalition ~ Join for Dogs Sake!

The following is from an organization of supporters, received as a member and supporter and being passed on in its entirety to help get the word out. Please take the time to evaluate the efficacy and harmful effects determined by scientific studies and observation and sign up to show and express your support for dogs who can’t speak up for themselves. If you’re not familiar with this information then please ask those who are already members and/or you are welcome to contact me…i have sufficient information for using these devices. Let’s raise happy dogs, not dogs trained using fearful aversive training methods and tools. The dogs will thank and not out of fear of you!

No Shock Collar Coalition

Getting Started

You are receiving this message because you have previously signed up with the No Shock Collar Coalition.

This silent movement began in 2006, as those who love our canine companions and respect them as our brethren objected to the use of electric shock devices being used in the training and containment of dogs. In 2006 we were concerned by the proliferation of these devices, and now, three years later, there appears to be continued focus on shock collars as acceptable tools, not only in the dog trainers' toolbox, but in the hands of the general public.
Since this problem has not abated, we believe it is time to stand up and be counted and make our position on this matter known to those who promote these devices and profit from them. In addition, raising awareness among those well-meaning trainers and owners who use them out of ignorance is also on our agenda!
To this end, we're asking those of you who have previously signed up for the NSCC to consider your commitment to this cause; if you are no longer interested in supporting us, please use the 'opt out' instructions in this email to have your email address removed from our list.

If you have continued commitment to the No Shock Collar movement, please help us by encouraging your like-minded friends, relatives, clients and others to sign up with us and lend their support to our campaign. New members can sign up by visiting http://www.baddogsinc.com/noshockcollars.html.

Over the coming months, we'll be collecting articles and other information about the use of shock collars to help educate users and distributors alike. In addition, we'll be looking for ways to make our position known to those who profit from these devices, either knowingly or unknowingly.

Thank you in advance for your support. Remember that a handful of committed people can make a huge difference for good!
With gratitude to those who honor and respect our canine brethren, I remain

Sincerely,

Barbara Davis

BADDogsInc

Family Dog Training & Behavior

Corona, CA

Thanks
Joyce Kesling, CDBC

Responsible Dog

www.responsibledog.net

Tug of War with Darwin before breakfast 110409

noreply@blogger.com (joyce kesling, CDBC) — Thu, 05 Nov 2009 05:26:00 +0000

Warning! Tug of War is a great confidence and bond builder, but is not recommended with already know established aggressors! You must reestablish through training obedience skills using only positive reinforcement first before engaging in this behavior.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f3oGZrhBTzk

Does simply being around dogs or owning dogs indicate knowledge of dog behavior? (follow up)

noreply@blogger.com (joyce kesling, CDBC) — Thu, 05 Nov 2009 05:17:00 +0000

Not Really Funny!

November 4, 2009

Joyce Kesling, CDBC

I’m beginning to read Alexandra Horowitz’s new book “Inside Of A Dog…” including her “prelude” and “prefatory note…” and couldn’t help but be reminded of a earlier blog when I suggested dog owners marginalize dogs, their behavior, and those who study dogs (Does simply being around dogs or owning dogs indicate knowledge of dog behavior? (follow up) http://wp.me/poTwS-aq ). Most specifically those most equipped to help in problem solving. According to Horowitz, the “prevailing view of behavioral scientists” suggested there was no data to be obtained from the study of dogs. Primates remained the species of choice studying animal cognition. She says further “dog owners seemed to have already covered the territory of theorizing about the dog mind…theories generated from anecdotes and misapplied anthropomorphisms.”

Why do we ignore our part when a problem occurs within the human-dog relationship? Why do dog owners continue to ignore how influential a dog behaviorist is, not only preventing problems but also resolving problems without creating more conflict?

I suggested in "Does simply being around dogs or owning dogs indicate knowledge of dog behavior? (follow up)" http://wp.me/poTwS-aq the following could be contributing to the continued neglect and importance placed on resolving dog behavior problems.

Some of the most easily identified, as cause and effect are the following examples.

1. Too much self-help on the internet – recipes to train and problem solve

2. Dog training and problem solving made easy by TV dog trainers while sitting on one’s couch

3. Shelters, rescues, humane societies offering free telephone call in support

4. Shelters, rescues, humane societies offering free downloaded “recipes” for problem solving

5. Myths and anecdotal information and experience incorrectly interpreted

6. Lack of knowledge and understanding about normal dog behavior

7. Misunderstanding of dog-human relationships

8. Unskilled dog trainers lacking sufficient knowledge in behavior

9. Publics general awareness and importance using credentialed professionals at both levels, dog trainers and behaviorist

10. Misunderstanding dogs in general

Several of these causes suggest a general lack of seriousness by owners, shelters, rescues and some instances the veterinary community. We think so little of our part in the equation; we further fail when we do not acknowledge both physiological and mental health is closely linked.

We further marginalize the process offering solutions to “fix the dog” in the worst way via internet and/or TV dog training programs. In most instances, owners need counseling, offering training solutions, in many instances, choosing painful punishment i.e. e-stimulus (shock collars) collars without first getting a behavior evaluation and history. To do otherwise suggest dogs and cats are automatons and applying fixed general rules and/or training are applicable to all situations, environments, and families/owners. It is simply not that easy. If our current system is working, why do we continue to see millions of dogs and cats relinquished and euthanized because of behavior problems?

Responsible Dog and Cat

Training and Behavior Solutions

Combining Art and Science for Training Animals

Joyce D. Kesling, CDBC

P.O. Box 15992

Sarasota, Florida 34277

941-966-1188

http://responsibledog.net

http://responsibledog.wordpress.com/

http://k9psych.wordpress.com/

http://k9psych.blogspot.com/

http://www.youtube.com/joycekesling

http://vodpod.com/responsibledog

The greatness of a nation and its moral progress can be judged by the way its animals are treated. Mahatma Gandhi 1869 – 1948

Dog Training Demonstration by Joyce Kesling, CDBC

noreply@blogger.com (joyce kesling, CDBC) — Tue, 22 Sep 2009 01:58:00 +0000

Dog Training by Certified Dog Behaviorist Joyce Kesling, CDBC

Using internal drives and motivation when training dogs

The following two youtube videos demonstrate dog training using toys as rewards. When training dogs, I like to think about what dogs do naturally, some more than others. Dogs expressing parts of the prey drive not intended would be considered faults. Border collies for example don’t naturally express “eye” they need the right environment to express that characteristic. Without it, they probably wouldn’t make a good working and/or herding dog.

In this first video, Boudicca is demonstrating learned behavior take and give (release). Training this behavior should be included in all puppy training. Rules are essential to maintain training new behavior during the acquisition phase, but also for maintaining already trained behaviors. Note, how I emphasize my cues, hand signals and body language. When we lack this type of consistency we can expect inconsistent behavior from our dogs.

However, this is not the same quality of precision one attempts to achieve in show obedience trials, however providing clear cues for behavior is essential, otherwise even pet/companion dogs may become anxious and frustrated. Make sure you watch for my mistakes, if I make any ;-)

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ik_9vaeq-MY

In this second video, Boudicca is demonstrating how we can train dogs using parts of their natural prey drive using an internal reinforcer, rather than external. This would be especially helpful for some dogs who might naturally express that behavior given the right environment.

In the previous video, I used a variety of objects to generalize the behavior. In this second video I get her started with my goal behavior, catch. I then add the distraction, dropping a ball at my side, she should stay focused on me not the other object. I pre-selected a soft bone shaped toy to use as the throwing object, this helps her catch a large object and express the kill bite part of the prey drive.

The purpose for training this type of behavior not only teaches bite inhibition further but includes impulse control and cooperation. When dogs willingly trust us to release objects, from their jaws and teeth and willingly retrieve objects to us, demonstrates very desirable manners and skills every owner should want for their dog.

Note, how I continually use toys as rewards rather than food treats. I use food treats to get a desirable behavior but move away from them to life rewards, especially play behaviors sooner than later! When you consider internal and external motivation and drives, I’ve found incorporating rewards in training that stimulate internal motivations rather than relying on external motivators might be necessary for some breeds. Teaching dogs to rely on food treats for good behavior can be compared to how we sometimes use food to satisfy unmet needs that could lead to eating disorders.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0RAQqSv_VWU

Responsible Dog and Cat

Training and Behavior Solutions

Combining Art and Science for Training Animals

Joyce D. Kesling, CDBC

P.O. Box 15992

Sarasota, Florida 34277

941-966-1188

http://responsibledog.net/

http://responsibledog.wordpress.com/

http://k9psych.wordpress.com/

http://k9psych.blogspot.com/

The greatness of a nation and its moral progress can be judged by the way its animals are treated. Mahatma Gandhi 1869 – 1948

Coyright Responsible Dog & Cat 2009

Responsible Dog Sarasota Florida, your puppy headquarters!

noreply@blogger.com (joyce kesling, CDBC) — Mon, 31 Aug 2009 20:43:00 +0000

Sarasota Florida Puppy and Dog Training

Welcome to Responsible Dog! Responsible Dog is located in Sarasota FL and provides Florida puppy and adult dog training, dog behavior modification, dog boarding and dog daycare.

Responsible Dog serves the following communities: Sarasota, Lakewood Ranch, Osprey, Nokomis, Venice

Our training programs are offered at your home or Responsible Dogs training location. Home visits are often helpful for working on specific training needs and during early stages of training.

When deciding on your dog trainer it is important to evaluate the professionals background, education, training methodology, where they received their education in dog training, do they have a working resume, do they have proof of continuing educational units (CEU's).

If you are looking for a behaviorist or behavior specialist, you will want to check that the individual has an appropriate behavioral background specializing in canine and/or feline behavior.

Please take the time to look over my resume, education, and credentials. Read some of my articles, essays, visit my blogs for more information and/or currently published articles. You will not find another dog trainer or certified dog behaviorist in Sarasota or Manatee County with my credentials or education, why not pay for and get the best in the beginning when it matters most.

Do you know how many times I'm contacted by dog owners who have been given poor training and behavior advice, often resorting to using aversive training methods, only to be disappointed and discouraged with their dog? This is because anyone can call themselves a dog trainer, what the public needs to understand is there are differences in educational levels even among dog trainers.

When seeking behavior advice, the choice you makes affects your dogs life, they are dependent on you to make an informed decision.

Read http://responsibledog.wordpress.com/2009/09/05/does-simply-being-around-dogs-or-owning-dogs-indicate-knowledge-of-dog-behavior/

Try the behavior quiz. . You might be surprised how well mannered your dog already is or you may discover a few things that might improve your dog's behavior, improving your relationship, and bond while furthering your dog's welfare and your commitment.

PUPPY Training Essentials One - For 10-18 week old puppies

Our Puppy Training Essentials puppy courses are taught off lead to maximize dog-dog play (learning bite inhibition) and socialization. Off lead training teaches 1) owners how to be calm (cool, calm and collected) and control their puppies when excited and distracted and 2) the opportunity to play is used as the ultimate reward for each short training session.

Early puppy training is essential to ensure puppies develop bite inhibition, people-friendly, dog-friendly and communication skills with both humans and dogs. Learning bite inhibition and socialization are easy during puppyhood, but extremely developmentally time-sensitive. If your puppy does not acquire reliable bite inhibition during this critical time, he will become potentially dangerous as an adult. If your puppy is not socialized, remedial socialization later can take months (even years); your dog will never be the relaxed confident dog that s/he could have been.

Most of the training essentials are teaching basic manners in distracting environments. We use lure/reward training that is simple, even children can easily learn how to train the puppy. It's effective for training young puppies beginning during your first training session. During the course of training, you learn how to phase out food rewards by replacing good puppy behavior with play and life rewards. Puppy Training Essentials lays the groundwork for reliable verbal, hand signal and off lead control that you and your puppy master in Puppy Training Essentials Two.

We continue to promote the use of food and play rewards forming positive associations (classical conditioning) teaching dogs to thoroughly enjoy being with you, others and dogs. We suggest every visitor to your house reward your puppy with a treat, and encourage anyone asking to pet your puppy on walks to reward your puppy with a treat (encourages your dog to feel comfortable and confident around people).

As part of your enrollment you will be provided with training support to ensure that you learn how to prevent the development of (or resolve) predictable, common, normal puppy and adolescent behavior and temperament problems. We help you resolve preventable behavior problems, such as house-soiling, destructive chewing, excessive barking and separation anxiety and aggression all common illnesses for adolescent dogs - often causing confinement to kennels and/or the yard, basement and finally a cage in an animal shelter.

Puppyhood is the time to rescue through prevention and unwanted adult shelter dogs. Take advantage of all our free educational puppy training handouts and resources to ensure your puppy has the opportunity to live in your home for the rest of their life.

To facilitate learning, owners are provided handouts and training booklets. Requirements: Puppies must be between 10 and 18 weeks of age at the start date of class with 2 DHLPP vaccinations, one of which must have been administered after 8 weeks of age but at least 7 days prior to the first session.

Registration Fee for Six Weeks: $159.00

Our Puppy Essential Courses are taught privately. We feel owners do better and more successful when they begin training young puppies using private instruction first, this prevents the distractions often found in a class environment, encountering reactive dogs, and generally a chaotic environment.

We may charge more, but you are guaranteed your trainer has the highest academic qualifications as a professional dog trainer and certified as a dog behavior specialist.

All puppies currently enrolled in Complete Puppy Essentials One and/or Two are eligible and encouraged to attend free play sessions every Saturday morning to help further their dog social skills. We maintain an exceptionally clean play environment on natural surfaces.

By offering this free puppy and adolescent play you can be assured your dog gets ample socialization not only with young puppies and adolescents but also savvy adult dogs with good bite inhibition and social communication skills that help teach young puppies how to communicate effectively with all types of dogs, both small, medium and large!

This is essential for dogs as part of their ongoing socialization process, otherwise many small dogs grow up fearful of large dogs, and large dogs don't learn how to behave around small dogs, dogs don't learn how to recognize differences in appearance and communication quality.
Additionally, you and your dog have the assurance of supervised play sessions conducted by an educated dog professional.

Dog parks are often risky ventures not only for contraction of disease and parasites but also the risk of unknowledgeable owners and dogs with little or no training and socialization.

Optional - enroll in Complete Puppy Essentials for 12 full weeks of complete puppy training, registration fee $300.00. We offer a mid-term break between classes.

Read more about our services...

Read what her clients say , not enough recommendations here, just ask, I will gladly furnish a list of clients and breeders you can contact for recommendations.

Responsible Dog and Cat
Training and Behavior Solutions
Combining Art and Science for Training Animals
Joyce D. Kesling, CDBC
P.O. Box 15992
Sarasota, Florida 34277
941-966-1188

http://responsibledog.net/
http://responsibledog.wordpress.com/
http://k9psych.wordpress.com/
http://k9psych.blogspot.com/

Housetraining ~ Do Dogs Learn to Wait? Wait for What?

noreply@blogger.com (joyce kesling, CDBC) — Wed, 26 Aug 2009 04:56:00 +0000

August 25, 2009
Joyce Kesling, CDBC

This post is actually a sequel of sorts to Housetraining, using a signal to indicate need to eliminate. The main point is dogs have the cognitive ability using simple associative learning to learn to “hold it” given the opportunity to learn housetraining correctly. Keep in mind, since dogs, owners and environments where they live are not all the same, it may be necessary to adapt these basic ideas, to fit your personal lifestyle, rather than relying on some sort of standard procedure.

The responsibilities for housetraining a dog can be overwhelming…especially when the dog’s owner is clueless or just plain LAZY. In this case, seriously, thinking about owning a dog should be considered, it is a long-term commitment, and the responsibilities of pet ownership should be given the same consideration as having and raising children.

Considerations for owning and raising a new puppy

Occasionally calls to board recently purchased puppies are received. The new owners failed to consider upcoming vacation plans, when they need to be home housetraining! It does not happen often, but it does, and caught off guard, I forget to quote double what I charge for boarding a housetrained dog. Why, I’m going to need to devote twice as much time and energy into taking care of an untrained puppy.

This is just one of many considerations potential pet owners should consider before purchasing puppies. Consider what you and/or your families’ schedules and demands are for the next few weeks or months, before rushing into a decision that you will live with for 10-15 years; if the dog is provided patience and training to prevent them from ending up in a shelter/rescue because you failed to train them properly!

The housetraining process has many variables, sometimes determined by breed, size, and temperament. However, your success depends on your understanding the correct process, your dogs physiological development, cognitive abilities (learning), reasoning for confinement and close supervision, but most of all, how you contribute in teaching your dog to wait for you to provide them opportunities to eliminate in the right location.

Breeders Responsibility – Before you bring your puppy home!

Puppies around 8-12 weeks, generally the time we bring them into our lives are at a critical stage in their development, both physiologically and mentally. Some of your puppies housetraining actually begins at the breeding location. This is why we encourage potential puppy purchasers to look carefully at whom and where they purchase their puppy.

Selling puppies before the age of 8 weeks is questionable; some breeders and dog experts suggest 12 weeks might be a more appropriate age to sell puppies. This creates a problem because the socialization period overlaps with the ongoing breeders care and responsibility; so you want to make sure the breeder you select has done some if not all of the following. This will help in housetraining, when you bring your new puppy home.

1. Individual puppies should spend time in a puppy pen with an open crate. This allows the puppy to begin learning where they sleep and where they eliminate.
2. Each puppy should get one-on-one time with as many humans as possible
3. Puppies should be isolated in a kennel for short periods of time (nap time), to prepare them for separation
4. Breeders should begin introducing puppies to desirable substrates for elimination i.e. grass, crushed shell, sand, dirt, clay, concrete, anything but what is found inside a home!

The time between 6-12 weeks is essential in developing a stable emotional temperament and affective tone. This is the period most responsible for the development of social and emotional deficits. This is why it is ill advised to remove puppies from their mother and littermates prematurely.

We have now reached that point, where you have done your homework, you have qualified a good breeder, selected the right puppy and breed for your lifestyle, and he’s now entered your world. It is now completely up to you and/or your family to successfully finish the job of housetraining, teaching your puppy to “learn to wait” for you to provide his/her elimination opportunities!

Physiological Considerations

A little about your dog's physiology

According to Lindsay (2001), "numerous conditioned and unconditioned digestive reflexes are triggered as soon as a bite of food is taken into the mouth." He says, the "internal alimentary reflexes function under the influence of classical conditioning" and external physiological conditions are controlled voluntarily through instrumental conditioning. He further suggests, through proper training and conditioning the ability to control the external muscles associated with elimination are regulated by "cortical inhibition" and "for urination to occur, the external sphincter must be voluntarily relaxed" which can be "strongly influenced by instrumental learning" and why using appropriate training methods are necessary for achieving successful house training.

The following sections will demonstrate “learning to wait” is not simply a stimulus response based on a learned location and/or substrate. It is not the location and/or substrate the dog should ultimately associate with elimination.

Certainly preferred locations and substrates are part of the overall association. However, for the dog to learn effectively and reliably based on a real “need to go” versus an “adventure outside” is an association connection with you and a cue!

If you have not read Housetraining, using a signal to indicate need to eliminate you may not fully understand what is going to be discussing here and its importance to successfully housetrain a new puppy and/or adult dog not reliably housetrained in the first place!

Shortly after writing that article, I read another article on housetraining prompting me to initiate a dialogue with the author. The author suggested the “[s]impliest [simplest] explanation is that they [dogs] are developing surface and location preferences for elimination and as dogs develop better muscle and nervous control over bladder and bowels they can choose when and where to relieve themselves.”

This next section gives a better explanation for how dogs learn the housetraining process, based on simple associations, but include more than simply “surface and location” stimuli to cause elimination to occur.

Elimination Communication (EC)

The earlier paper Housetraining, using a signal to indicate need to eliminate I suggested housetraining dogs required the same kind of attention parents would give to potty training a child. After my dialogue with the other author, I did some research on potty training children, to my surprise, my Google search turned up articles on a fairly new child potty training concept called “natural infant hygiene” or “elimination communication.” The concept was inspired by “traditional practices of diaperless baby care” commonly used in third world countries and some natural based cultures.

The author of a recent blog posting The Evolution of Potty Training uses his recent experience training a new puppy while comparing his current experience using elimination communication training his child.

Elimination communication has four components, timing, signaling and body language, intuition and cueing. All four components can be applied to housetraining dogs, but given some human work requirements and schedules, time allotted away from work for puppy owners versus stay at home parenting and parental leaves certainly raising a puppy will require some adjustments.

Let’s address timing first and similarities

In potty training human babies, mothers learn when their babies need to eliminate based on feeding schedules and activity. Proper housetraining puppies require the same considerations. We learn through observation when puppies are more likely to need opportunities to eliminate. For puppies, elimination is usually necessary first thing in the morning with the last opportunity before kenneling at night. Other frequent times occur after eating and drinking, during playful activities and after napping during the day. Initially new puppies may need to go out during the night, but this subsides as the puppy’s biological clock adjusts according to their physiological development.

Puppies’ development occurs much more rapidly than their human counterpart that may take as long as 2-4 years depending on the individual and method used. So consider yourself lucky if your only responsibility is training a new puppy!

Signaling and body language

An interesting association made concerning human parenting and using elimination communication is those who use this process suggest they become more attune to the needs and associated signals communicated from infants, suggesting this enhances the bonding process between mother and child. To facilitate this type of training mothers must carry their infants around making these associations easier to recognize thus respond.

Training puppies requires we keep constant attention and supervision as well as watching for any signals of elimination behavior. For dogs, this often includes sniffing, circling, whining, facial expressions and in some instances where mistakes have taken place, the dog may move toward those locations.

Contrasting, child elimination communication, we suggest puppy parents use short-term confinement in kennels, exercise pens that may include an open door kennel, naps (down time) scheduled throughout the day (used for impulse control), tethering via a lead to us and/or anchoring puppy to a heavy object but remaining in close proximity to our location. This allows us like humans parenting children to keep a watchful eye on our puppies and getting them outside before they have a chance to eliminate in the wrong location and setting them up to succeed.

Intuition

Mothers using the elimination communication say the “close nurturing relationship” helps them to know when it is necessary to get the child to the potty location. This is simply an unconscious knowing through observation and establishing the bond between mother and child that allows mothers to notice subtle behavioral change that may indicate specific needs.

This is not at all unlike dog owners who have established close attachments and secure bonds with their dogs. However, this does mean we have to be in touch with our dogs and since dogs live in the moment, we need to learn to be especially observant of their behavior.

Cueing

Communication elimination or natural infant hygiene used around the world requires a two-way communication between mother and infant. The communication is formed using classical conditioning. Human mothers having learned to recognize signals from the infant for their need to eliminate, is paired using a verbal sound or cue, generally in human culture “shhh” or “sss” is used, and parents may use different signals for urination and defecation. Other cues may also be associated with the elimination process such as holding the child in specific positions and specific locations. In some instances, the child may eventually learn to signal the parent using the verbal cue.

There are some key differences however between teaching communication elimination between human children and dogs. One of the most distinct differences is that dogs often learn through improper housetraining procedures and unwitting owners to use cues simply to get outside to play! I doubt human parents experience this behavior, but if happens often with dogs, so dog parents need to be savvy enough to out think their dogs behavior. This is where rewards, consequences, and confinement help establish successful housetraining for dog owners.

Finally, the ability to “hold it”

Just like human children, dogs also go through stages of physical development that increases one’s ability to control their bodily functions. This development occurs much faster in dogs and explained previously in “physiological considerations” earlier. The same occurs with human children who learn the “ability to retain” but at a human infant’s developmental pace and consequence of their awareness.

Dogs do possess the cognitive ability to associate and learn to control their sphincter muscles through similar conditioning to human children learning when/where access for elimination is available and by conditioning an associative cue to the process.

Potential problems and why I don’t recommend using doggie doors!

Housetraining issues are common; the second common reason dogs end up in shelters aggressive behavior is number one! Often the client is using doggie doors! Do you really think after all this discussion, your puppy, will actually know to take themselves outside to eliminate, that only outdoors is the acceptable potty area, without your help in the beginning?

Do you understand now how parents successfully use the same strategy to train infant children? Dogs need your help just as much as human children require parents to be there, observing their signals, body language, and teaching cues associated with elimination, how is your puppy going to learn if you’re sitting on the couch assuming they understand what a doggie door means!

A couple of facts

• Female dogs are just as capable of marking as males; an earlier issue of Journal Veterinary Behavior suggested this behavior does exist. Thus, owners must be aware of their dog’s elimination habits through close observation; this means YOU need to be present!
• When owners use doggie doors before their puppies elimination behavior is reliably trained, this can explain why so many owners using doggie doors end up with dogs that never reliably learned where the proper potty areas are located.

My experience

Being a professional dog trainer, certified in dog behavior, and I can reliably say that in all the years prior to becoming a professional in this industry and during the last ten years, I have never relied on dog doors to provide access for elimination purposes. My dogs have always been taken out on lead. I think it is important dogs are supervised and their elimination behavior observed. The only other option is provided in a securely fenced yard under my supervision.

Responsible Dog & Cat
Training and Behavior Solutions
Combining Art and Science for Training Animals
Joyce D. Kesling, CDBC
P.O. Box 15992
Sarasota, Florida 34277
941-966-1188

http://responsibledog.net
http://responsibledog.wordpress.com/
http://k9psych.wordpress.com/
http://k9psych.blogspot.com/

The greatness of a nation and its moral progress can be judged by the way its animals are treated. Mahatma Gandhi 1869 – 1948
Copyright Responsible Dog & Cat 2009

Is the study of animal behavior being marginalized when used as a marketing tool?

noreply@blogger.com (joyce kesling, CDBC) — Tue, 18 Aug 2009 16:25:00 +0000

I found a website yesterday, specializing in dog boarding. What alarmed me was they stated, “our camp counselors” are, “certified in dog behavior.” When I inquired, which I did, I was told they go through an in-house training program lasting a couple of weeks or less!

The problem I see with using the designation “certified in dog behavior” is, it makes the study of animal behavior, appear to be no more than friendly dog advice obtained from anyone, while marginalizing the very individuals who can and are educated to help the most.

This is a disservice to the dog owner and the industry.

This should be a concern for the public, as well as those who are degreed individuals, specializing in animal behavior. Aside from the obvious differences, between those who actually studied behavior at universities, there are some of us who have spent a great deal of time studying on our own, taking courses on-line and/or using qualified mentors, that may include veterinarians who themselves specialize in behavior.

What I’m wondering, is will the careless and continued use, eventually inculcate the public, into thinking that understanding and treating behavior related problems, can be accomplished by anyone referring to themselves as a “behavior expert.” I can see it now; these “camp counselors” will be delivering advice on how to solve anxiety problems and aggression. This marginalizes those of us who are qualified, and it most definitely affects the welfare of dogs. The alternative is referring owners to qualified individuals who really can help

Given the fact that most dogs end up in shelters because of behavior problems I view this as a serious problem for the public. If unqualified individuals continue providing uneducated advice, rather than referring dog owners to someone, who is qualified, through appropriate and acceptable training, we will continue to see more and more dogs in shelters.

The alternative is our communities and dog related businesses, need to seek out qualified individuals and refer pet owners to them. In turn, these professional behavior consultants will utilize dog day cares, dog walkers, and other dog trainers if they fit into the behavior modification program, designed by the behavior consultant, and fitting that individual dogs needs.

The needs of the family and dog must be addressed first; this means the behavior consultant identifies the underlying problem/conflict as defined by the family. This means bringing the family together in agreement how best to solve the problem, then putting together a plan that works for the entire family, to solve the problem and/or conflict, as well as making sure the dogs needs are met as well.

A good place to find qualified behavior experts are these organizations, the International Association of Behavior Consultants www.iaabc.org , the American College of Veterinary Behaviorists www.veterinarybehaviorists.org/ , the Animal Behavior Society www.animalbehavior.org.

When your business uses the right individuals, it creates a win-win situation for everyone, most of all you are ensuring the pet gets the best care possible.

Much of the problem is there are no regulations in the dog training, or dog behavior industry, so businesses are not required to seek out professional behavior consultants. So those of us who specialize in the behavior industry need to educate businesses about these differences, otherwise, the continuing result will be, more and more dogs, will either be given up to shelters or euthanized out of frustration, and potential dog owners , will be less likely to purchase and/or adopt dogs in the future.

In these uncertain economic times, I increasing get frustrated when I see dog organizations including shelters and rescues, dog boutiques, and large box pet stores, dog trainers and veterinarians not specializing in behavior, give little attention where they refer clients.
This has an impact on the welfare of pets, your clients and/or customers. Often owners are so frustrated over the unresolved problem they eventually give up and relinquish their pet.

As a founding member of the International Association of Animal Behavior Consultants www.iaabc.org , it has always been our goal to “assist and educate owners and handlers of companion animals to prevent problems and to interrupt the cycle of inappropriate punishment, rejection, and euthanasia of animals with behavior problems that are resolvable.”

I keep a complete resume posted on my website www.responsibledog.net . It is a chronological compilation www.responsibledog.net/certifications.html of my on-going training and behavior background. I publish and keep it updated so potential clients and/or others interested in my services, am apprised of my education and skill level.

Many of the seminars, workshops, conferences and private/semi-private mentoring sessions I attend, commonly referred to, in all teaching environments, are continuing educational units (CEU’s). I am meeting minimum standards suggested by the Journal Veterinary Behavior (2006, 1, 47-52) for dog trainers.

So, if someone calling themselves a behavior specialist/behaviorist is unable to provide up to date certificates of continuing education, related to the field of behavior, then you should look elsewhere, not only for your own sake, but also for the pet you care so much about.

Responsible Dog & Cat
Training and Behavior Solutions
Combining Art and Science for Training Animals

Joyce D. Kesling, CDBC
P.O. Box 15992
Sarasota, Florida 34277
941-966-1188 ~ 941-587-2049
http://responsibledog.net
http://responsibledog.wordpress.com/
http://k9psych.wordpress.com/
http://k9psych.blogspot.com/

Are Dog Trainers and Behavior Specialists all the Same? Is it important the public be informed about differences?

noreply@blogger.com (joyce kesling, CDBC) — Thu, 13 Aug 2009 16:33:00 +0000

“Good trainers How to identify one and why this is important to your practice of veterinary medicine”

The proceeding quote was the title for an article published in a peer-reviewed journal (JVB, 2006, 1, 47-52) in 2006, I wonder how many veterinarians, with practices centered on treating medical problems read the article. My point here is not to disparage veterinarians who practice medicine, but rather I am concerned that very few veterinarians understand a dog’s behavioral health is as important as their physical wellness.

However, the purpose for this paper is to clarify some of the glaring differences between dog trainers and those who specialize in behavior. For example, there are behaviorists who belong to the Animal Behavior Society, and similar organizations, and board certified veterinary behaviorists who are not only veterinarians but have additional credentials in behavioral studies. Then we have certified specialists in behavior, like me who belong to the International Association of Animal Behavior Consultants www.iaabc.org certified through the organization. We are required to meet five core areas of expertise put together by committee, with input and participation by a board certified veterinary member. IAABC is devoted to providing outstanding specialists, who can fill in the gaps since so few of these more credentialed individuals are not available in many regions and communities.

The article referenced above outlined recommended criteria for veterinarians to look for when referring clients from their practice to dog trainers, however in most if not all instances, the referral is for behavior problems, not training. Dog trainers are often not skilled in treating an actual behavior problem. Behavior problems are complex, i.e. a jumping dog does not necessarily indicate a lack of training; it could indicate other more complex issues. Therefore, it is important for veterinarians, and the public to recognize there are differences, this will not only reflect on their practice, but dogs may not get the right help they really need.

Dog trainers have traditionally been just that, running classes, teaching owners, and their dog basic and/or advanced obedience. The most basic trained skills often mean teaching dogs to sit, down, stay, wait, look at me, and recall training. In some instances, dog trainers are especially skilled in certain dog sports like agility, fly ball, hunting, SAR, therapy and service work. A few years ago, Rally classes were introduced; offering a more relaxed training process, and more recently the AKC is allowing mutts to participate in obedience but not with the purebreds!

For those of you who fit this next category, there is some dog trainers, I will refer to as cross-trained, or perhaps for a better use of words they are further educated in behavior, in addition to having dog training skills. I am emphasizing this point because problem solving requires a completely different skill set and base of knowledge, than just training dogs. I guarantee the dog trainer you would encounter at a retail dog store teaching lessons will likely not possess these same skill sets.

There are also two schools of thought within the behavioral sciences and sometimes they are interconnected. The traditional behaviorist uses a more mechanistic approach to problem solving, and those schooled more in ethology look for underlying causes for behavior. I actually utilize both approaches but with an emphasis more on ethology, I want to identify the source of the dogs problem, as defined by the owner, and identify any anxiety and deal with that first, then we move on to how we can change the dog’s environment, so we remove the stress.

Referring back to the original published article on how to identify a good dog trainer, the first thing scientists suggest is look for is what type of continuing education (CEU’s) does the trainer engage in and how often does he or she do so? This can be tricky because the industry is not regulated, and just about, anyone can print up business cards and call themselves a dog trainer. However, if veterinarians and dog owners ask to see certificates (CEU’s) of completion, and took the time to look them over, that is a starting point in your qualification process. If a person cannot provide proof of continuing education, then you should be wary to engage in hiring that individual, and continue to look for and/or ask for a referral from a trusted source. You want to know that the trainer, you are considering hiring is actually educated even as a dog trainer!

Some dog trainers belong to organizations like the APDT www.apdt.com , but with thousands of members, lacking strict accountability, you will need to do your homework in finding the right dog trainer. The organization does emphasize using positive reinforcement, but with a mixed bag of training philosophies and methods, experience and knowledge, you need to be careful in evaluating anyone recommended by this organization. There are other organizations i.e. NADOI and big box pet stores e.g. Pets Mart that offer in-house dog training programs but these programs are designed for the beginning dog trainer. That is where I got started nine years ago. Wow how time flies, but this limits the reliability for behavioral advice and training you and your dog receive. This could be an instance; you get what you pay for!

If you carefully screen dog trainers under consideration, you will likely find one that does not use punishment-training methods, and excludes the use of shock collars (e-stimulus devices – very limited effective use), choke collars, and prong collars, according to research studies these tools actually “increase fear and anxiety.”

What often occurs, owners may interrupt, and/or it may appear, they are extinguishing an undesirable behavior. However, the dog may turn to a completely new behavior, sometimes referred to as displacement or appeasement behavior in its place and/or you will notice signs of stress, when you are around your pet. Unless, you are skilled in recognizing stress related behavior you may think your dog has now developed a new problem.

This is WHY it is so important to identify the source/motivation for the undesirable behavior, and then you need to change the environment, relieving any stress associated with the problem behavior. Read Why consider the use of Shock Collars (E-Stimulus Devices) carefully for a more in-depth explanation before you make the mistake of using these devices in the wrong context/environment and for the wrong reason.

The difference between a certified dog behavior consultant and professional dog trainer, and member of IAABC www.iaabc.org , is we are required to maintain 30 CEU’s every two years, the courses must be preapproved, and the amount of credited CEU’s is based on the level of material covered. The courses approved, could be those required to fulfill an application for certification and/or continuing education for certified members, in a specialty field. For example, I recently attended a two-day seminar, taught by Dr. Myrna Milani, MS, DVM www.mmilani.com covering ethology and received 13 CEU’s.

Keep in mind these suggested guidelines are suggestions; however, I do agree with the outlined criteria, for identifying a good trainer, but think not enough is being done to delineate the differences between dog trainers and those specializing in behavior.

Source and produced by the Advanced Behavior Course at the North American Veterinary Conference, Post Graduate Institute (NAVC PGI), 2004¹.

Responsible Dog & Cat
Training and Behavior Solutions
Combining Art and Science for Training Animals
Joyce D. Kesling, CDBC
P.O. Box 15992
Sarasota, Florida 34277
941-966-1188 ~ 941-587-2049

http://responsibledog.net
http://responsibledog.wordpress.com/
http://k9psych.wordpress.com/
http://k9psych.blogspot.com/
The greatness of a nation and its moral progress can be judged by the way its animals are treated. Mahatma Gandhi 1869 – 1948
Copyright Responsible Dog & Cat 2009

Florida, Sarasota, Dog Boarding, Kenneling, Dog Sitting Services

noreply@blogger.com (joyce kesling, CDBC) — Fri, 07 Aug 2009 13:35:00 +0000

Boarding, Kenneling, Dog Sitting Services

How does one choose the right service and what considerations should be evaluated?

With all the choices available for boarding, kenneling, dog sitting, some even coming with fancy names like bed and breakfasts, doggie spas, motels and hotels, it might seem like an overwhelming choice for the average owner in selecting the proper boarding facility. However, in spite of luxurious claims compared to a bare bones facility, the most important consideration should be providing a safe, secure, predictable environment, with friendly and competently trained staff.

Before you make your decision, you should visit the facility; your visit should be welcome if not encouraged by management and staff. I consider it an important part of the decision making process. This provides the owner a visual representation where their pet will be kept and viewing outdoor areas used for potty and play.

Any questions and concerns should be answered to your satisfaction; because it is important while you are away that you feel comfortable, knowing your pet is being cared for properly.

Depending on the specific environment you choose, it should be a priority to evaluate the kennel staff experience and expertise in normal dog behavior, training, and general knowledge concerning dogs and cats. Ask how much training the staff has received, where and for how long. Beware of franchise establishments their staff has little to no experience believe me, I inquired!

If you choose to board in a facility-offering dog daycare or interactive activities including other dogs, it’s even more important the staff is sufficiently educated in normal dog behavior, dog communication, recognizing behavior problems and emphasis on aggression.

What are bare bone considerations when selecting a kennel?

Cleanliness is the most important feature you should consider. This should include proper sanitation procedures preventing spread of contagious disease. See important information concerning fecal matter below.
All accommodations including kennels, crates, outdoor-indoor runs or private rooms should be clean and odor free and pets should appear clean and well cared for.
Check designated potty areas and outdoor play areas. These areas should be free from accumulated fecal matter and depending on substrate routinely cleaned.
Ask how fecal matter is disposed of. Kennel facilities should take responsibility how fecal material is treated and disposed. See important information concerning fecal matter below.
Exercise should be a concern, ask how often it’s provided. Some kennels offer extra exercise opportunities at additional costs.
Ask to see the outdoor toilet areas your dog will be using, how often access is provided. Normal
dogs need toilet breaks at least every 6 hours, the only exception during normal sleeping hours.
Providing natural daylight is a plus, good air circulation and proper ventilation decreases risk of spreading disease.
Consider the number of staff compared to number of animals. A greater number of staff versus animals may indicate more individual attention. This depends on the environment provided, dogs kept in outdoor-indoor kennels, runs, or cages don’t usually get much attention.
Ask about veterinary care procedures in case of an emergency. Personal preferences should be discussed with the kennel owner.
If your pet requires medication or other treatments, make sure the kennel staff can accommodate your pet needs.
Grooming services are often required in kennels. Sending pets home clean or freshly groomed is a plus. You want to make sure the groomer is sufficiently trained in proper grooming procedures. Providing dogs with baths and grooming requires two completely different amounts of skill.
Make sure someone lives on the premises; fires or other natural disasters do occur. Kennels often do not provide this protection.
Ask if the owner carries liability insurance, especially for this type of business
Make sure you include emergency information or instructions; this should be included on the boarding intake form.

What you should know and consider when boarding, using a pet sitter or swanky spa!

When boarding includes socialization privileges

A well-socialized dog could be characterized by how readily it interacts and plays with other dogs. However, dogs will be dogs! In most cases, if there are altercations, they are often minor, but one cannot be careful enough when allowing a group of dogs to interact. If you decide to board your pet in this type of environment, make sure the staff have good working knowledge how dogs communicate, meaning they can read dogs well and have the ability to handle multiple dogs while keeping every one safe.

Often these kinds of businesses include behavior assessments, however, future behavior is not always predictable and there is always a chance that dogs may not get along with specific dogs. It’s best in these environments that numbers be limited by the effectiveness of staff, and sometimes alternating dogs in smaller groups, giving consideration to size, breed and personality can help provide safety while still providing interaction and socialization opportunity.

It’s your responsibility to make sure your dog is safe so your decision should include evaluating the level of expertise concerning animal behavior when boarding your pet in these types of environments. If the staff is not sufficiently educated in normal dog or cat behavior, and specifically aggression, how to manage it, recognize it and modify it, then you should be concerned about your dog’s welfare.

When boarding you don’t want your dog learning bad habits, proactive owners are concerned in preventing behavior problems and it’s not uncommon when dogs return from kennels poor habits have developed resulting from insufficient housing, management, exposure to dogs with bad habits and generally poor care.

Is stress a consideration during boarding?

“Stress occurs when any demand is placed upon a dog that requires the dog to change or adjust” (Lindsay, 2000). For stress to occur events or situations do not have to be unpleasant, rather any biological or psychological demand placed on an animal is capable of producing stress. There are certain amounts of healthy stress animals are capable of adapting to, however chronic stress may lead to stress-related medical conditions.

This is an important consideration when making your decision on how, where and under what conditions you board your animals. Stress-related hormonal changes occur during separation in a number of species. Tuber and colleagues (1996) studied dogs and found a “differential glucocorticoid (cortisol and corticosterone) response” occurs during five conditions of separation.

1. Alone in a novel environment2. With a conspecific (another dog) in a novel environment3. Alone in a familiar environment4. With a human in a novel environment5. With a conspecific (another dog) in a familiar environment.

The results of their study showed dogs left alone in novel environments had the highest level of cortisol output with the lowest level occurring in home kennels with a familiar conspecific. However, dogs tested in novel environments with a human companion had significantly lower cortisol levels when compared to dogs kept in the novel environment with a conspecific. These results lend support when considering your decision concerning your dog’s welfare when kenneling or boarding.

What exactly does Your dog prefer?

According to these studies, dogs prefer the company of humans even in novel (unfamiliar) environments compared to dogs kept/left in home environments even with a familiar dog! This means, you need to consider your dogs stress levels when using a pet sitter who drops by on occasion sometimes no longer than 30 minutes. Compared to a kennel alternative that meets your dogs needs for socialization as well as human contact, it’s almost a no brainer.

Things you might want to include for your pets comfort

• A favorite bed, blanket, toy may help your pet feel at home. Other dogs can destroy these items, unless provided under privately managed housing.
• Send your own food – pets can get stressed away from home, abrupt changes in diet can cause gastrointestinal upset that may include vomiting and diarrhea, you don’t want to stress your pet more than she/he needs to be.
• You may want to include any special treats or chew items, make sure the kennel accepts these as part of their overall care.

Why is disposing fecal matter so important?

If fecal matter is not removed regularly (immediately), dogs will not continue to potty in designated areas. During housetraining, teaching the dog proper locations should be of utmost priority. Dogs will not continue to use designated potty areas contaminated with fecal matter, instead moving to other locations within the yard. When we remove feces, our dogs will continue to use designated areas, providing ideal housetraining.

Additionally, feces should be removed because it creates a foul odor, is unsightly to humans, and presents a public health hazard. The public hazard comes in the form of Toxocara canis, which is larvae deposited in dog stools that become mature and infective after two to three days. During the summer months, it is even more hazardous when the sun dries the fecal matter allowing wind to carry it, contaminating everything in the area.

Additionally, feces provides an excellent breeding place for flies, according to Dunbar (1986) “a single dog fecal deposit” provides for the proliferation of up to 588 flies! (Yuk) These mature flies then spread not only the toxocara larvae but also other infectious disease. These flies find their way into our homes, carrying these infectious agents. The best prevention is clean up fecal matter before flies have the opportunity to lay eggs. For owners, this is easily done using plastic bags, tying them up and disposing of them. When considering a boarding facility, you should ask how this material is being processed. You want to ask, because you don’t want to expose your pet to unnecessary illness or disease.

Lastly, this a responsible dog owner’s duty, not only does ignoring this responsibility cause potential public health problems, it does not promote good pet management and consideration of neighbors!

Health and Vaccination Requirements

All dogs and cats should be healthy and free of disease contagious to other animals. Pet owners who have pets with medical problems and currently being treated and stable should advise the kennel owner or staff prior to boarding to ensure the kennel staff could accommodate your pets’ needs.

Many products are available for treating fleas, ticks or other external or internal parasite, your pet should be treated prior to any scheduled boarding. Some kennels will treat dogs or cats if any external parasites are noticed and charge you for the treatment.

Some kennels may require health certificates or proof of vaccinations from your veterinarian. Because some veterinarians do not routinely vaccinate every year for DHLPP (distemper, hepatitis, leptospirosis, parainfluenza and parvovirus), your dog may not have all the vaccinations a kennel or boarding facility may require. It’s best to ask what an individual kennels policy is concerning vaccinations because “there is no generally accepted rule regarding vaccinations in dogs.”

FYI – Information concerning vaccination protocols

Among the veterinary community there is developing a “diversity of opinion” concerning which vaccines should be administered, frequency and safety of administering vaccines as well as their protective value.

The veterinary community attempting to individualize immunization programs has divided vaccine protocols into Core and Non-Core groups. Core vaccines are recommended for all dogs, Non-Core are recommended for dogs at risk, due to lifestyle, or exposure to infectious disease. Core vaccines are determined by infectious ability and transference to other dogs and humans.
Due to vaccine safety risks, this debate is of concern, the benefits of vaccination are well recognized, there are reports of “injection-site tumors in cats, vaccine associated autoimmune disease in dogs” and vaccine reactions occurring after booster administration. This causes concern whether or not vaccines should be administered to all dogs and if annual booster administration is necessary for continued protection.

Recent publications suggest current vaccination schedules do not address effectiveness of vaccines protective immunity, saying, “depending on the infectious agent… protective immune response may persist for years” after vaccination questioning the continuance of boosters. However, no published data substantiates any “uniform standard” concerning the duration of any vaccine-induced immunity with the exception of rabies.

Finally, Non-Core vaccines should be considered based on risk assessment for individual dogs, taking into consideration the dog’s history, environment and infectious agent of concern. Some Non-Core vaccines include Canine Bordetella, parinfluenza, Leptospira, coronavirus, Giardia, and Borrelia (Lyme disease). It is suggested vaccines that do not present risk to a dog be excluded from any vaccination protocol; clients should rely on their veterinarian to guide their choices, what is best for their individual pet.

References

Dunbar, Ian & Bohnenkamp, Gwen. Behavior Booklets – Housetraining Supplement.CA: James & Kenneth. 1986.

Mansfield, Philip, DVM. (2000). Vaccination Issues of Concern to Dog Owners.Retrieved from: http://www.scwtca.org/pdf/bmarch/28.2Mansfield.pdf#search=’philip%20D.%20Mansfield%2C%20D.V.M

Responsible Dog & CatDog Training and Dog Behavior Solutions

Joyce D. Kesling, CDBC

Certified Dog Behavior Consultant, Profesional Dog Trainer

Sarasota, Florida 34277

941-966-1188

http://responsibledog.net
http://responsibledog.wordpress.com/

http://k9psych.wordpress.com/

The greatness of a nation and its moral progress can be judged by the way its animals are treated. Mahatma Gandhi 1869 – 1948