Take time to smell the roses

Our lives are hectic and it is so easy to get caught up in the chaos by letting the stress overwhelm us, but sometimes all it takes is to see the world through our dog’s eyes. Mackenzie had an amazing ability to soak in everything around him. He would take his time (no one was going to rush this guy), smell every little thing in the yard or on a walk, savour every bite of his meals like a food reviewer, appreciate every sip of his water like it was the first time he’d tasted it and embrace every touch from his family. Sometimes when I was feeling stressed I could almost hear him saying “relax, slow it down and enjoy.” I learned to appreciate all that I had and not let life pass me by.

Know yourself

Having Mackenzie since he was 8 weeks old until he was 15 1/2 years old meant that I had the priviledge of seeing him move through many stages of life. He started out as a very anxious and insecure puppy and then as a result of many adventures became the most self aware individual I knew. Over time he really understood what he needed, what he liked, what he couldn’t be bothered with and who he wanted to be around. I truly believe knowing who he was and what he wanted from life was a big reason he became such a laid back dog – a transition I would not have believed possible if I wasn’t there to see it. I know many humans that are incapable of change, but my pug took life’s experiences and used it to explore and understand who he was. I found it comforting to be around such a secure man.

Keep an open mind

Some dogs love to run and play, but Mackenzie was more along the lines of an adventurer and scientist. While my other dog would be chasing a ball, Mackenzie would circle the area inspecting everything in great detail. Once the exploring was done he would sit and think – in my mind it was as if he was solving the world’s problems. His curiosity continued throughout his entire life. He was always open to new things and would light up when we would go to different areas, take road trips, visit new parks etc because he loved having something different and interesting to explore. Whenever I find myself unmotivated or stuck in a routine, I think of him and try something new in my life.

Life is about change

If you have ever had a dog in your life, no matter what age, one thing you will undoubtedly see is the changes they go through as they pass through the various stages of their lives. The whole reason I started Dog Quality was because I wanted a better life for Mackenzie and Churchill as they began to face the challenges of old age. I learned very quickly that getting older doesn’t mean the fun has to stop, it just means that you need to have fun in different ways.

When Mackenzie struggled with mobility issues, we continued to have adventures thanks to the help of  a dog stroller. When he had trouble walking on tile and hardwood I gave him traction socks, when he became stiff I made sure he had an orthopedic bed. And when he had so many teeth removed I gave him softer food so he could continue to savour every bite. Throughout all this time Mackenzie had a blast. He continued to enjoy life, he continued to show me love and appreciation and we continued to have an amazing time together. He taught me that life is about change, so rather than fight it, just embrace it and enjoy the ride.

Family is everything

From the very beginning, Mackenzie has been a family man. When he was 2 months old I brought a little French Bulldog into his life named Churchill. The two of them were inseparable from the first moment they met and together the 3 of us became a family. Wherever one went, we all went. Whether it was around the house or across the country we were always together. I can honestly say that I appreciated every moment we spent with each other – I always knew life was short and I reminded myself constantly to treasure every moment which we all did. Mackenzie and Churchill showed me how strong a bond between dog and parent can be – they would have walked to the end of the earth for me and I would have done the same in return.

The love I felt was unconditional and something I will never forget. It taught me that no matter what is going on in your life not to worry because the important part, the part that really matters, is right there next to me. Even with both Mackenzie and Churchill gone I still feel them with me in my heart and in my memories and I find comfort in that.

I have Paige (my 6 year old French Bulldog) who I adore and eventually I will open my heart again to new four-legged family members and I am sure I will continue to become a better human being because of the lessons my dogs teach me.

What have you learned from your older dog?

Ann-Marie Fleming is the Founder of DogQuality.com, a site focused on products that help older dogs enjoy life.

If you are like me you have probably underestimated the impact that poor dental health can have for your senior dog, but it is time to change that. It is time to make proper dental care a top priority for your dog because without healthy teeth, your senior dog is susceptible to a long list of possible medical consequences from infections to organ damage and beyond – it’s mind blowing and unbelievably scary.

As a result, my goal is to help make caring for your dog’s teeth as simple as possible and that is the motivation behind our new dental section – effective, easy to use products that will help you keep your older dog’s teeth healthy.

Here is a review of the Nylabone Dental Chews – check out the reaction from our helpful dog volunteers Paige and Ozzy I bet you didn’t expect that something so effective could also be so popular among dogs.

As I mentioned in the video, please know that dental care products are meant to help protect and maintain, but if your dog’s teeth are already in a severe state then you really need to see your vet. Age is not a disease and you would be amazed at how safe dental surgery is these days, even for our seniors. Once your dog’s teeth are under control then these dental products are fantastic at maintaining dental health. If your dog’s teeth are still healthy then these products will help you prevent dental disease from creeping in. When you see how easy it can be, you really have no reason to not add some of these dog dental products into your routine.

If you have suggestions for additional dog dental products please let us know.

Ann-Marie Fleming is the Founder of DogQuality.com, a site focused on products that help older dogs enjoy life.

I know most pet strollers come with multiple parts and perplexing instructions, but not the Dogger – it’s as easy as 1-2-3

I should add that we typically take air out of the tires for shipping purposes because the air pressure in planes can damage inflated tires, so you may need to put a few pumps of air into your tires when they arrive. You can use a simple bicycle pump to do that very easily.

In a world where it seems that there’s a “natural” remedy to all of your dog’s problems at every turn, how do  you know what the right decision is and where the heck do you start?

I struggle with these same questions myself in my business as we look to make supplements available, as well as in my personal life with my own senior dogs. I know that dog supplements can do wonders. I would bet that each of you have read or heard at least one story where a dog has become like a puppy again, which is the hope we need to feel when our dog is struggling with the challenges of old age – making it hard to resist the urge to grab every bottle and give it a go.

The challenge is that not all supplements are created equal and in some cases they can do more harm than good, so being informed is an absolute necessity to ensure the well-being of your dog and to give him or her the best options for better health.

The area of dog supplements is one that has garnered a significant amount of attention from consumers, from vets and from the FDA. The issue at hand is that unlike the pharmaceutical industry, nutraceuticals better known as supplements, is an unregulated industry and that has many people concerned.

“Without FDA regulation companies can make all kinds of claims about the presence and quality of the ingredients they have and no one is there to enforce their integrity. Not only are the quality of nutrients (bioavailability, absorption capability in the GI, nutrient sources etc) not scrutinized by any official governing body, no one outside of private consumer advocacy groups is even sanctioned to ensure that the ingredients are there period,” warns Dr. Roger Welton, DVM with Maybeck Animal Hospital in Florida and creator of The Web-DVM TV, Radio and Blog.

Adding to this Dr. Kate Zimmerman, DVM with Tri-County Veterinary Hospital in Tennessee explains, “Even if the supplement contains something with potential usefulness like Omega3, there is little way for a lay person or even a vet to determine if the supplement has any active ingredients in it or whether it may or may not contain dangerous contaminants like heavy metals (a naturally occurring risk) or non-naturally occurring things like factory or processing based contaminants. This really complicates things for pet owners.”

Being able to make an informed decision is not an easy one, but there are a few key things that pet owners can do to ensure that they make the right choices when it comes to dog supplements. First of all please don’t grab the first bottle of supplements you see. Marketing promises does not mean results, and it certainly does not mean that your dog is getting the proper treatment.

Not only do you have to be concerned with the quality of the products and companies that provide them, but you also have to be aware that even though a supplement is considered “natural” it can cause reactions. If your dog is on medication there are risks associated with how the supplement’s ingredients will react with what your dog is already taking. Not only is your dog at risk of intestinal or allergenic reactions, but the supplements can potentially cancel out the drug’s impact or amplify it, putting your dog at serious risk.

Dr. Jessica Waldman, VMD, CVA, CCRT with California Animal Rehabilitation (CARE) describes, “Risks of supplements include gastrointestinal upset due to rapid introduction or intolerance of certain ingredients within supplements, and allergic reactions to sources of the ingredients. Some supplements interfere with and/or interact with medications the pet may be taking concurrently. Dosages of some medications may need to be adjusted if a pet is going to start on specific supplements.”

I know what you are thinking – this is scary. There are risks caused by not knowing enough about the product or the company producing it, and risks in terms of possible medical reactions – so how in the world can you help your dog without putting them in harm’s way?

To help senior dog owners find the right supplements it is recommended that you first consult with your vet.  They are aware of your dog’s medical condition and can advise the best approach and dosage based on their in-depth knowledge. They can make suggestions on which products and companies to consider and many times can give you insight into how other patients have responded. If you have done your homework and have questions on specific supplements on the market, you can ask your vet if they have any additional information. They have access to many databases and sources of information and can often provide a solid opinion on the supplements in question.

You can also do your own homework – look for companies and products that have scientific studies, peer reviews and research validating the effectiveness of the supplements. Companies that have been around a while and have established a solid reputation around the medical community are preferable. Dr. Duffy Jones, DVM with Peachtree Hills Animal Hospital in Atlanta, Georgia describes, “Most supplements do not have good data backing up their label claims so I look for thoroughly tested products from manufacturers that I know. Some of the better products do have efficacy and safety studies while many of the lower-grade products do not.”

Dr. Waldman advises, “It is important to know what to look for on a label and how to verify its validity in order to not fall victim to crafty marketing. Third party testing of products is the best way of determining whether a supplement has met it’s label claims for each ingredient. If third party testing is unavailable, a good quality product will be able to provide quality assurance/quality control data from intra-laboratory testing.  Any good quality product should list the amounts of all active ingredients, and should also list a website and/or phone number for additional information. Very few pet products and human products undergo clinical trials but the ones that do would be much preferred.”

Dr. Bruce Silverman VMD, MBA from Chicago’s Village West Veterinary adds, “Credible clinical studies are the gold standard for any medicine or supplement. Unfortunately, the supplement market is highly unregulated, unlike the market for prescription drugs, so the vast majority have reached the shelves with very little or no testing.  Therefore, all products available over the counter are not created equally. Some may be of good quality, and some may be of poor quality, yet have wonderful packaging and great testimonials, even from a veterinarian paid to have their face on the label. The supplements that I carry in my hospital are from credible companies that have undergone superior testing and get regular feedback from all the animal hospitals that prescribe their products.”

Some companies mentioned as making the grade include: Nutramax, Vetri-Science, Thorne, and Virbac.

Once you know you have the right company behind the supplements your work is not over yet.  Dog supplements cover a wide range of conditions including help for joints, bone, digestion, overall wellness, skin and coat, weight-loss as well as heart, liver and brain health. However, with most senior dogs facing multiple issues, where do you begin?

“It is best to ask your veterinarian what your pet’s issues are in terms of priorities. Although there may be concurrent issues, prioritizing them in terms of which issue is causing the most pronounced symptoms is helpful in narrowing down which supplements to administer. Supplementation if used properly can decrease the need for medication,” describes Dr. Heather Oxford, DVM, MPH, CVA, CCRT with California Animal Rehabilitation.

Dr. Babette Gladstein, VMD and acupuncturist cautions, “Never start a new supplement at full dosage. You need to start slowly and bring to full strength over a 3 week period. Any unusual behavior should be noted and discussed with your veterinarian.”

Dr. Lori Teller, DVM, DABVP (canine/feline), CVJ from the Meyerland Animal Clinic in Texas adds, “It is important to identify the specific areas where supplements may help, and then to add them in one at a time. This way the dog can be monitored for areas of improvement and potential side effects, and your veterinarian will know if the supplement caused them. If you start several supplements at one time, you won’t know which ones are really working, or which one has led to a nasty complication.”

Key Benefits:

Despite the challenges of sorting through the endless companies and products, as well as working with your veterinarian to minimize risks and increase chances of success, the reason the effort is worthwhile is because the benefits that dog supplements can bring to help our aging four-legged family members can be tremendous. They can compliment and even reduce the reliance on pharmaceuticals and can give our seniors the boost they need to continue to enjoy life.

A key advantage is that supplements allow us to target very specific ailments in our senior dogs. “Fatty acid supplements can benefit cardiovascular function, including helping the kidneys, as well as joint function, neural health, skin condition, allergies, and many other inflammatory conditions because they shift the body’s prostaglandin levels away from those that feed the body’s natural inflammatory response. Joint supplements help increase joint fluid viscosity for those dogs already suffering from arthritis, and can even reduce the future likehood of injury in dogs more prone to joint damage. Liver supplements can help with the detoxifying function when the liver is struggling from other disease.  Urinary health can be influenced by supplements, as can overall musculo-skeletal body condition be benefited by supplements. Other new developments have even led to supplements benefiting cognitive slowdown, like when a person gets Alzheimer’s disease, and to intestinal and nutritional health by focusing on prebiotic and probiotic dietary supplements,” describes Dr. Silverman.

Help is within reach so do your homework, work with your vet and you’ll be able get the most from the supplements you choose for your older dog.

Ann-Marie Fleming is the Founder of DogQuality.com, a site focused on products that help older dogs enjoy life.

From the Editors of The Dog Daily

George and Fritz — two canine littermates — spent their entire lives together. In the mornings they squabbled over the tastiest bowl bites. Sufficiently fueled, they then seemed to collaborate on clever schemes, like stealing tennis shoe laces or sneaking into forbidden places. They went on walks together, played and napped side by side.

This went on for 14 years until Fritz died. Suddenly, George no longer acted like the same dog. He slept more, withdrew from social activities and lost interest in his food.

At that point, a visit to the vet was in order. “In such cases, I always begin by looking for a physical cause,” said Dr. Raymond Van Lienden, DVM, a veterinarian at The Animal Clinic of Clifton, Va. “I conduct a full examination, do the blood work, run x-rays and analyze the dog’s complete health history to see what may be wrong.” He added that for dogs like George, no physical malady might show up in the barrage of medical tests. “It’s then that we have to look at other possible causes, including grief and depression.”

Is Dog Depression Real?
Dr. Van Lienden says that no study has yet unequivocally proven that depression exists in dogs, but he is convinced animals have emotions. “When you come home, your dog may appear happy and excited to see you, and when you scold it, it may slink away with apparent guilt,” he said, adding that dog’s appear to suffer from physical as well as emotional pain. A recent University of Portsmouth study further found that pet owners observed emotions like pride, embarrassment, shame and even jealousy in cats, pigs, horses, rabbits, rats and hamsters, as well as dogs. Since mammals appear to experience comparable emotions, depression could be added to the list.

The challenge in diagnosing depression is that symptoms mimic those for many other health problems. These symptoms may include lethargy, weight loss, lack of interest in food, drink and social activities, and a tendency to sleep more. Medical examinations are critical to rule out health problems that may include anything from a chemical imbalance to a thyroid-related condition.

Causes for Depression
According to Dr. Van Lienden, change is usually at the root of canine depression. As for George, the change could be a sudden death, or other disappearance, of a valued dog or human companion. It might be an unwanted change of scenery, such as when the owner moves from one location to another. Or it could be an unwanted addition, like a new baby, pet, or housemate that has altered the dog’s routine in some way.

Dr. Van Lienden offered these suggestions for preventing and treating depression in your dog:

• If some kind of major change is forthcoming, try to gradually transition your dog by maintaining its usual schedule and keeping familiar toys and objects at hand/paw. Then slowly introduce your dog to the new person or place, allowing it to sniff and investigate as much as possible.
• If another dog in your family dies, consider replacing it with a new dog, as studies suggest canines enjoy having same species companionship.
• Once your vet rules out medical conditions as a cause for your dog’s problems, say something like, “Humor me, doctor. Could my dog be depressed?” Some vets are more open to the possibility than others, so you may have to step in as your dog’s mental health advocate.
• In severe cases, consider medications that your veterinarian could prescribe, such as Prozac, which can “buy some time” to get your dog through the worst period.

The good news is that, unlike humans, dogs live more for the moment. Although grief and depression can linger for weeks or even months in canines, the feelings and related symptoms are usually temporary. “Most dogs will overcome the problems on their own,” said Dr. Van Lienden. “It may just take a bit of time for them to cope and adjust.”

Getting old is no excuse to become a couch potato—and that goes for dogs, too! As your dog ages, regular exercise keeps its muscles toned, his joints protected, his body trim and his mind sharp. He may no longer be able to slaughter the Frisbee like he used, but an exercise routine tailored to his individual likes and needs will make his remaining years truly golden.

“The most important thing with older dogs is making a routine,” says Nann Dawn, shelter manager at the Oakland Adoption Center in Oakland, California and one of the founders of the shelter’s innovative Silver Muzzle Club, an adoption program for pets eight-years and older. “Make time for exercise every day. They can’t afford at their age to be weekend warriors.”

Whether your dog’s idea of fun is swimming, walking, or playing with other dogs, build up slowly. If it’s walking, start with a few blocks and gradually progress to a couple of miles a day.

Beware of overstraining your pooch. An older dog will want to please you and might end up playing beyond its limits. Monitor the situation closely and make sure your dog doesn’t become dehydrated, overheated or too tired.  “The key is not to push a dog,” says Chuck Keicer, DVM, at the Heartland Veterinary Hospital in Kentucky. “You don’t want to push an animal beyond a comfort zone.”

Steer clear of high-impact activities like jumping which can stress aging joints. Keicer recommends swimming as “absolutely the best” for older dogs because it is low-impact. Walking is a close second for the same reason.  Surprisingly, however, Keicer also likes agility training, which he says can be easily adjusted to suit a senior dog’s ability. “There are lots of ways an agility course can be modified for an older dog,” says Keicer. Lowering jumps is a good example. “It can still be a blast for them to participate.”

Obedience training is another option to get senior dogs moving. “Every adult dog who joins the Silver Muzzle Club goes through obedience work,” says Dawn. “We have yet to find one that doesn’t like a little round of treat training,” she says. And a lot of the senior dogs have gone on to do pet therapy. “Most dogs don’t make it to old age without being really good dogs.  Sometimes they’re really ready to work.”

Dawn also recommends at-home toys, such as Buster Cubes and Kongs filled with kibble, because they keep a senior dog entertained and exercise the jaw muscles. As for social activities, she prefers large dog parks where an older dog might avoid getting bullied or crowded by younger aggressive dogs.  “Older dogs can’t take those adolescent body slams,” she says. “Most of them can’t keep up with the youngsters.”

By knowing your older dog’s likes and limitations, the two of you can develop an exercise regimen that will keep both of you having fun for years to come.

Stem cell research often conjures images of political firestorms and futuristic science, yet it’s a field that’s already offering hope for humans and dogs alike. While the ideal of fixing spinal injuries and curing disease may be a long way off, dogs treated with stem cells are enjoying a new lease on life.

Pepper, a 10-year-old standard poodle, is a case in point. Crippled with arthritis in both his hips, Pepper came to James Gaynor, DVM, M.S., medical director of Animal Anesthesia & Pain Management Center in Colorado Springs, Colo., with his owners, who fully expected to have to put their pet to sleep. Conventional treatments hadn’t worked, or had made their dog even sicker. In fact, Pepper’s owners were so certain nothing could be done that they bought another puppy. “At our 60 day recheck, the owner was hugging me and crying out of happiness because, in her words, we gave her back her dog,” Dr. Gaynor says. “The only problem was she now had Pepper and a puppy.”

Healthy Bones
It wasn’t long ago that dogs like Pepper with arthritis had few options beyond conventional anti-inflammatory treatments — including a variety of non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as Metacam, Previcox, Rimadyl and phenylbutazone; steroid medications such as Prednisone; and disease-modifying osteoarthritis drugs (DMOADs) such as Adequan Canine — that sometimes don’t work. Now stem cells are providing an alternative. One California-based company, Vet-Stem, uses stem cells from dogs’ own fat to treat animals in pain.

According to Julie Ryan Johnson, DVM, vice president of sales and marketing, studies have shown that fat is very rich with stem cells, making it an ideal source, and one that is nearly free from controversy, given that most of us don’t mind having a bit of fat removed. “The way we do this is a veterinarian will send us a sample of the dog’s fat,” Dr. Ryan Johnson says. “We isolate the stem cells from that and then send the stem cells back to the veterinarian who injects them back into the dog — for example, into an arthritic hip or elbow.”

Once in the dog, the stem cells communicate with other cells in their environment. While it’s not known exactly how they work, they do decrease the dog’s pain level. “It’s provided the veterinarian with another solution for helping these animals that have pain or difficulty moving,” Dr. Ryan Johnson says. “Most importantly, for the dog and the dog owner, it offers quality of life.”

The Possibilities
Richard Vulliet, Ph.D., DVM, professor and director of the Laboratory of Veterinary Cytotherapeutics at UC Davis, says stem cells haven’t cured any diseases yet, but researchers are working hard to change that. “I think that stem cells in general will rewrite the medical textbooks in the next 10 to 20 years,” Dr. Vulliet says. “They will have an impact on human, canine, feline and equine health and will allow us to treat diseases that we can only dream about at this time.”

Tony Kremer, DVM, an Illinois-based veterinary surgeon, says that as research progresses into the origin of diseases, there is hope that stem cell therapy might one day be used to treat diabetes and muscular dystrophy in dogs. “It is hoped that this research can repair or replace diseased organs, severed spinal cords, or brain cells destroyed by Alzheimer’s disease in humans and dogs,” he says.

Dr. Vulliet works with adult bone marrow stem cells to investigate potential cures for diseases that cause misery for many dogs. Your dog may soon be able to get breakthrough treatment in the following areas:

• degenerative myelopathy, a debilitating autoimmune disease that attacks the central nervous system, particularly of German Shepherds;
• enlarged and weakened hearts in Dobermans;
• lung and metabolic disorders.

“In the past several years, we have developed methods for recovering a therapeutic amount of bone marrow stem cells and safe, relatively non-intrusive methods for administering the cells,” he says. “We are now starting to enroll patients in these areas.” In terms of fat-derived stem cells, progress has been made in several areas of canine health, including muscle inflammation and a disease known as immune-mediated anemia, which is when the immune system destroys red blood cells, leaving your dog weak and listless.

There has been a lot of excitement over umbilical cord blood banks — centers that collect and store the blood from the placenta and umbilical cord after birth as a future source for blood stem cells — but don’t expect that to translate to the dog world anytime soon. “When the puppies are born, you would have to match that umbilical cord to the puppy and that might be a little complicated since there are often multiple puppies in a litter,” Dr. Ryan Johnson says.

Taking the Plunge
If you are going to consider stem cell therapy for your dog, it pays to think ahead. ”The fat in the abdomen holds stem cells so my recommendation is if, for example, a female dog is going to be spayed, as long as someone is in there, grab that fat, ship it to the lab and bank those stem cells,” Dr. Gaynor says.

You’ll also want to think about the risks involved in putting your dog through stem cell therapy. Dr. Vulliet says putting safety first is the primary concern. After it was found that injecting stem cells into the coronary arteries of university-owned dogs created mini heart attacks, the procedures were stopped until the technique had been improved.

According to Dr. Gaynor, there are three things to consider. The first is the same as any operation — the general risks associated with anesthesia needed to perform the procedure. “But there always is some anesthesia risk, especially as patients get older and sicker, but we can minimize that with good anesthesia,” he says. The second is the risk posed by the surgery itself. The biggest health threat he has seen is fluid pockets forming at the site of the surgery, which is a relatively minor problem.

Finally, there are the stem cells themselves. “Because they are the dog’s own stem cells, there’s virtually no risk,” he says. “The biggest thing we’ve seen is a few dogs whose nails grow faster than expected; that’s as bad as it seems to get.” With the benefits likely outweighing the risks, there’s a good chance that many dog owners, perhaps even you, will be exploring canine stem cell treatments in the not-too-distant future.

Kim Ribbink is a freelance writer and editor based in Perth, Australia, who specializes in health care and the life sciences, as well as pets. She has been a journalist for 20 years, working for magazines, newspapers and online publications covering a broad range of topics.

As a senior emergency clinician at New York City Veterinary Specialists, Trisha Joyce, DVM, has seen her share of doggie trauma. But she says some of the saddest cases are the least dramatic: dogs suffering from severe arthritis.

“One family brought in their Labrador that was so arthritic he couldn’t even get up to go to the bathroom,” Dr. Joyce says. “His overall health was OK, but he was just too big and too arthritic. The owners came in to euthanize, which was a really hard decision because it’s not like he had a life-threatening disease. But there was no practical way to manage it at home.”

Dog Arthritis Is Common

Scientific studies indicate that 20 percent of middle-aged dogs and 90 percent of older dogs have osteoarthritis in at least one joint. it’s hard to stop the disease once it has set in, according to James Cook, DVM, at the University of Missouri-Columbia.

“There are two problems we see in osteoarthritis,” explains Dr. Cook. “One is we don’t have a cure, and the other is that we still see progression of arthritis even after the best treatments. Both of those problems come from the fact that we diagnose it too late.”

A Research Breakthrough

Dr. Cook and his research team, however, may have found the key to early diagnosis. It’s what he calls “the Holy Grail” in the fluid that surrounds and lubricates the joints of both dogs and people. Dr. Cook sampled this fluid from dogs known to have osteoarthritis and from others without the disease. As he wrote in the American Journal of Veterinary Research, when he analyzed the proteins in the fluid, a pattern became evident.

The scientists noticed that quality and quantity of this fluid were altered in arthritic dogs. Examining the fluid even more closely, they identified seven proteins that appear to be linked to arthritis. The proteins increase and decrease in patterns that “are consistently different than [patterns] found in normal patients with no arthritis at all,” notes Dr. Cook.

The Next Steps

Dr. Cook and his team plan to follow healthy dogs over time to see if the pattern can correctly predict which dogs end up getting arthritis. If everything happens as theorized and according to schedule, he hopes that a screening test will be available for young dogs in three to four years.

Until then, here is some practical advice for dog owners worried about, or already dealing with, canine arthritis:

• Warning signs Watch for decreased activity and signs of pain. These may be overt (e.g., limping, lameness, whimpering) or subtle, like a typically pleasant dog becoming snippy. Some arthritic dogs may consistently stop doing only specific activities, such as jumping on the bed or into a car.

• Diagnosis If you think your dog has arthritis, schedule a visit with your veterinarian for a comprehensive diagnosis of the problem. Knowing which joints are affected, and how severely, can greatly help determine which treatment options to consider.

• Treatment Dr. Joyce says that while arthritis is forever and can’t be undone, certain medications can alleviate pain and symptoms. Other considerations include alternative treatments like acupuncture and hydrotherapy. Surgical procedures are an option for extreme cases. Most dogs will achieve a higher quality of life with any of these treatments.

• Activity The best way to treat and prevent arthritis is to help your dog stay in good shape. Maintain its weight in the low end of the normal range and keep your pet active just enough to sustain muscle tone and strength. Start with moderate levels of activity — a brisk walk, limited periods of playing in the park — and work your way up. Through trial and error with careful monitoring, you can find your dog’s “sweet spot” of exercise for optimal joint health.

• Diet A healthy diet is a big part of staying in shape. Dr. Cook recommends going with name brands that commit to putting science into dog food, offer well-balanced nutrition and are tailored to specific breed sizes. He says that while supplements cannot prevent the disease, they can help alleviate pain. “Pet foods with glucosamine and chondroitin or fish oil can help manage the disease because they reduce inflammation and degradation,” he adds.

A Cure on the Horizon

Is the ultimate solution — a cure for arthritis — within reach? Dr. Cook says he hopes his research is starting to point in the direction of a cure. If his pattern of biomarkers can truly predict arthritis, scientists will be closer to determining the root causes of the disease.

“Now we know earlier steps in the process,” he says. “If we can address those steps, we could potentially have a cure. We are getting to the foundation steps, or the critical cogs in the wheel, of what becomes arthritis.”

Brad Kloza is a freelance writer whose work has appeared in The New York Times Magazine and Discover.

Most people think of a pet stroller for its obvious use, giving your dog a ride (in particular senior dogs who need help walking), but thanks to some creative customers we have learned that there is so much more that you can do.

Here are the top 5 ‘creative’ uses for your pet stroller:

1. Highchair – If your older dog is challenged with mobility issues you are very familiar with the dangers that lay all around them. Stairs, floors, obstacles, etc. can pose safety issues. At the same time, if your dog is like mine, they always like to be able to see you or be close to you, which is why using your pet stroller in a highchair-like fashion is so clever. Not only does it allow them better visibility of you and what you are doing which they love, but most importantly it keeps them safe. I have heard from customers who use this method to keep their dogs nearby and out of harm’s way when working in basements and garages and some even use their pet stroller in family rooms as an extra chair for hanging out or watching TV.
2. Walking support – I am hearing more and more from our older customers of the human variety who find certain pet strollers like the Dogger sturdy enough to act as a walking support for them, helping them get out and about with their dog. What I love about this is both dog and human are finding ways to overcome their mobility issues and stay active.
3. Overheating – As dogs age, just as humans, their ability to cope with the heat diminishes. Even if your dog is not a senior, but struggles with the warmer temperatures, you know all about the risks and challenges of overheating. A pet stroller can give your heated dog a must needed break to cool off. In most cases, the soothing nature of the stroller helps them to relax long enough for them to bring down their body temperature. As many of you know, I use my Dogger dog stroller on a daily basis for my 15 year pug Mackenzie, but I find it to be a huge help in giving Paige, my 5 year old French Bulldog, a much needed break when walking. Paige overheats extremely easily even with an endless supply of water, so when she does, I place her in the stroller with Mackenzie for about 15 minutes, giving her enough time to cool off and then she is back to walking on her own. If I didn’t have the Dogger, I would only be able to walk very short distances before having to return home with her.
4. Paw protection – Have you ever tried to walk your dog when salt has been scattered across roads and sidewalks? How about the hot pavement during the summer months? Well a great way to help protect your dog’s paws from these conditions is to place them in a pet stroller, at least until you have cleared these troublesome areas. While footwear can also help with this, some dogs refuse to accept anything on their paws, making a pet stroller a viable alternative.
5. Shopping – Depending on the size of your pet stroller and the storage it allows, you may find taking it along while you pick up a few things very helpful. Perhaps you prefer to combine a walk with running errands? Rather than carrying a bunch of bags home you can use the stroller as a cart to help lighten your load.

Do you have any unique ways that you utilize your pet stroller? We’d love to hear from you.

Ann-Marie Fleming is the Founder of DogQuality.com, a site focused on products that help older dogs enjoy life.