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		<title>He Said, She Said: All the Reasons Every Bachelor Nation Couple Gave For Their Breakups</title>
		<link>https://www.dollyrogers.nl/he-said-she-said-all-the-reasons-every-bachelor-nation-couple-gave-for-their-breakups/</link>
				<pubDate>Wed, 08 Apr 2020 00:02:24 +0000</pubDate>
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				<description><![CDATA[Here&#8217;s the reason every Bachelor Nation couple gave for why their romances didn&#8217;t work. And as you will see, sometimes each person&#8217;s version of events didn&#8217;t exactly line up&#8230; ABC Peter Weber and Madison Prewett, The Bachelor Season 24 Length of Relationship: Two days after the After the Final Rose special. He Said: Just after ... <a title="He Said, She Said: All the Reasons Every Bachelor Nation Couple Gave For Their Breakups" class="read-more" href="https://www.dollyrogers.nl/he-said-she-said-all-the-reasons-every-bachelor-nation-couple-gave-for-their-breakups/">Read more</a>]]></description>
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<p>Here&#8217;s the reason every Bachelor Nation couple gave for why their romances didn&#8217;t work. And as you will see, sometimes each person&#8217;s version of events didn&#8217;t exactly line up&#8230;</p>
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								<img alt="The Bachelor" data-height="600" data-id="1079115" data-src="https://akns-images.eonline.com/eol_images/Entire_Site/2020211/rs_1024x683-200311054626-1024-2-bachelor-finale-ch-031120.jpg?fit=inside|900:650&#038;output-quality=90" data-width="900" src=" "></img></div>
<p>ABC</p>
<h3>
									Peter Weber and Madison Prewett, <i>The Bachelor</i> Season 24<br />
								</h3>
<div>
<p><strong>Length of Relationship:</strong> Two days after the <em>After the Final Rose</em> special.</p>
<p><strong>He Said:</strong> Just after going against his disapproving mother Barb&#8217;s wishes on live TV to pursue a relationship with his initial runner-up, the pilot took to Instagram to reveal he and Madi had &#8220;mutually decided to not pursue our relationship any further. Believe me this was not easy for either of us to be ok with.&#8221;</p>
<p><strong>She Said:</strong> At the same time, Madison, who had previously left the show ahead of the final rose ceremony, posted her own Instagram statement, writing, &#8220;I am confident that we will both move in the direction of our purpose and never forget that God has a plan in all things.&#8221;</p>
</p></div>
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								<img alt="The Bachelor, Season Finale, Peter Weber, Hannah Ann" data-height="506" data-id="1079061" data-src="https://akns-images.eonline.com/eol_images/Entire_Site/2020210/rs_1024x576-200310175458-1024.The_Bachelor.jpg?fit=inside|900:650&#038;output-quality=90" data-width="900" src=" "></img></div>
<p>ABC</p>
<h3>
									Peter Weber and Hannah Ann Sluss, <i>The Bachelor</i> Season 24<br />
								</h3>
<div>
<p><strong>Length of Relationship:</strong> Two months</p>
<p><strong>He Said:</strong> Similar to <strong>Arie Luyendyk Jr.</strong>, Peter proposed to Hannah Ann during his finale after Madison eliminated herself, only to find himself thinking of his runner-up. So he also broke it off with Hannah Ann during a &#8220;Happy Couples&#8221; visit, telling the model, &#8220;I want so badly to be able to give you everything, give you my entire heart.&#8221;(During his proposal, he told her she had &#8220;100 percent&#8221; of his heart.)</p>
</p>
<p><strong>She Said:</strong> When Peter tried to apologize, Hannah Ann <a href="https://www.eonline.com/news/1129940/the-bachelor-s-hannah-ann-is-the-real-mvp-after-peter-weber-breakup" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">responded</a>, &#8220;[Sorry] for not being man enough to follow through with your words? To not be true to who&#8230;not being true to your words? Not being true to your feelings? Is that what you&#8217;re sorry for?&#8221; Even Peter&#8217;s mom was clapping for Hannah Ann, who proved to be the MVP of the night when she told &#8220;torn and conflicted&#8221; Peter, &#8220;You&#8217;ve done enough damage. Leave. Leave, bye.&#8221;</p>
</p></div>
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								<img alt="Joe Amabile, Kendall Long" data-height="650" data-id="1000346" data-src="https://akns-images.eonline.com/eol_images/Entire_Site/2019327/rs_1024x759-190427135307-1024-joe-amabile-kendall-long-apartment.jpg?fit=inside|900:650&#038;output-quality=90" data-width="877" src=" "></img></div>
<p>Instagram</p>
<h3>
									Joe &#8220;Grocery Store Joe&#8221; Amabile and Kendall Long, <i>Bachelor in Paradise</i><br />
								</h3>
<div>
<p><strong>Length of Relationship:</strong> 18 months</p>
<p><strong>He and She Said:</strong> After becoming one of <em>Bachelor in Paradise</em>&#8216;s most beloved couples in season five, the couple, who had moved in together and had talked about getting engaged, announced their surprising split <a href="https://www.eonline.com/news/1117358/bachelor-in-paradise-s-joe-amabile-and-kendall-long-break-up" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">with a joint statement</a>.</p>
<p>&#8220;We have decided mutually to go our separate ways,&#8221; the pair wrote told BachelorNation.com. &#8220;Joe has made the decision to move back to Chicago while Kendall will be remaining in her hometown of Los Angeles.&#8221;</p>
<p>Later, Kendall <a href="https://www.eonline.com/news/1122222/bachelor-in-paradise-s-kendall-long-felt-blindsided-by-joe-amabile-breakup" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">admitted she</a> &#8220;did not see&#8221; the break-up coming, explaining, &#8220;Ultimately what happened was that Joe felt like he would have a better [life] in Chicago.&#8221; She went on to say she wasn&#8217;t &#8220;upset&#8221; with him.</p>
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								<img alt="Chris Bukowski, Katie Morton" data-height="650" data-id="1046942" data-src="https://akns-images.eonline.com/eol_images/Entire_Site/20191010/rs_1024x759-191110151212-1024-Chris-Bukowski-mv-111019.jpg?fit=inside|900:650&#038;output-quality=90" data-width="877" src=" "></img></div>
<p>Rich Fury/Getty Images for New York Magazine</p>
<h3>
									Chris Bukowski and Katie Morton, <i>Bachelor in Paradise</i><br />
								</h3>
<div>
<p>Length of Relationship: Four months</p>
<p>He and She Said: Following their rollercoaster romance (<a href="https://www.eonline.com/news/1101234/bachelor-in-paradise-s-chris-bukowski-and-katie-morton-break-up" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">with sources telling us the pair constantly argued</a>) and an intense showing at the <em>After Paradise</em> special, where she initially took the stage without wearing her engagement ring, Chris and Katie announced their split in December 2019 with a joint statement.</p>
<p>&#8220;We&#8217;ve reached a point in our story where we agree it&#8217;s best to go our separate ways,&#8221; the former couple said. &#8220;We have chosen to love and respect each other as friends because that&#8217;s the base of our relationship, and it&#8217;s what is most natural for us. We are incredibly thankful for the support we&#8217;ve received from our family, friends and everyone who supported us throughout our journey—from Paradise to this moment. We are grateful for everything that we&#8217;ve learned in this chapter, and are hopeful for what is to come in life and in love for both of us.&#8221;</p>
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								<img alt="Demi Burnett, Kristian Haggerty, Instagram" data-height="650" data-id="1033414" data-src="https://akns-images.eonline.com/eol_images/Entire_Site/2019820/rs_1080x1350-190920091600-1080.demi-burnett-kristian-bip-couple-tb-92019.jpg?fit=inside|900:650&#038;output-quality=90" data-width="520" src=" "></img></div>
<p>Instagram/Demi Burnett</p>
<h3>
									Demi Burnett and Kristian Haggerty, <i>Bachelor in Paradise</i><br />
								</h3>
<div>
<p><strong>Length of Relationship:</strong> Two months</p>
<p><strong>She Said and She Said:</strong> After becoming the franchise&#8217;s first same-<a href="https://www.dollyrogers.nl/victoriamilan" target="_blank">sex</a> couple and getting engaged at the end of <em>Bachelor in Paradise</em> season six, fan-favorite Demi and Kristian, who had not previously appeared on any of the franchise&#8217;s shows, <a href="https://www.eonline.com/news/1088046/bachelor-in-paradise-s-demi-burnett-and-kristian-haggerty-break-up" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">announced their split</a> in October 2019.</p>
<p>&#8220;With a heavy heart full of love for one another we have decided it is best for us to take a step back from our relationship,&#8221; the couple said in a joint statement on Instagram. &#8220;We ultimately want what is best for us in the long run and for us right now, that means being apart and growing individually.&#8221;</p>
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								<img alt="Tayshia Adams, John Paul Jones" data-height="650" data-id="1044193" data-src="https://akns-images.eonline.com/eol_images/Entire_Site/2019930/rs_1080x1350-191030130335-tayshia-adams-john-paul-jones-breakup-instagram-cc-103019.jpg?fit=inside|900:650&#038;output-quality=90" data-width="520" src=" "></img></div>
<p>Instagram</p>
<h3>
									John Paul Jones and Tayshia Adams, <i>Bachelor in Paradise</i><br />
								</h3>
<div>
<p><strong>Length of Relationship:</strong> Two months</p>
<p><strong>He and She Said:</strong> The unusual pair attempted to make their romance work IRL once leaving the beach in season six, but Tayshia announced <a href="https://www.eonline.com/news/1088008/bachelor-in-paradise-stars-tayshia-adams-and-john-paul-jones-split" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">their mutual decision to call it off</a>, writing on Instagram, &#8220;the reality was, we were living on opposite coasts, and working insane schedules that made it impossible to see each other and build a life with each other.&#8221;</p>
<p>She added, &#8220;We are the best of friends and will continue to remain in each other&#8217;s life because regardless of the situation, we make each other happy.&#8221;</p>
<p>JPJ commented on the post with the heart and praise hand emojis. </p>
</p></div>
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								<img alt="Hannah Brown, Jed Wyatt" data-height="650" data-id="1021822" data-src="https://akns-images.eonline.com/eol_images/Entire_Site/2019630/rs_1024x759-190730191321-1024-hanna-jed-talking-me-73019.jpg?fit=inside|900:650&#038;output-quality=90" data-width="877" src=" "></img></div>
<p>ABC/John Fleenor</p>
<h3>
									Hannah Brown and Jed Wyatt, <i>The Bachelorette</i> Season 15<br />
								</h3>
<div>
<p>Length of Relationship: One month&#8230;ish?</p>
<p><strong>She Said:</strong> Oof. Shortly after getting engaged to Jed during her finale, choosing him over fan-favorite <strong>Tyler Cameron</strong>, Hannah was shocked when she learned her fiance <a href="https://www.eonline.com/news/1050844/the-bachelorette-s-jed-wyatt-s-ex-girlfriend-reveals-why-she-came-forward-with-cheating-claim" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">came on the show with a girlfriend</a>, planning to use the experience as a platform to jumpstart his music career. After confronting him during a scheduled visit, Hannah dumped Jed.</p>
</p>
<p>&#8220;That&#8217;s not what I said yes to,&#8221; <a href="https://www.eonline.com/news/1060961/hannah-brown-reunites-with-jed-wyatt-after-calling-off-their-engagement-on-the-bachelorette" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">she later said</a>. &#8220;When I said those things, the things I said on my engagement day I thought that was my day. I feel like that was taken from me.&#8221;</p>
<p><strong>He Said:</strong> Jed continued to downplay his previous romance, claiming they were never officially together and <a href="https://www.eonline.com/news/1062059/the-bachelorette-s-jed-wyatt-talks-hannah-brown-split-and-maintains-he-didn-t-cheat" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">later stressing</a> he wasn&#8217;t &#8220;a cheater.&#8221; But he apologized to Hannah, saying, &#8220;I was acting out of of fear instead of love and respect for you. I wasn&#8217;t sure how any of it would be taken&#8230;.I held out because I was scared to lose you.&#8221;</p>
</p></div>
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<div>
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								<img alt="Arie Luyendyk Jr., Becca Kufrin" data-height="506" data-id="893544" data-src="https://akns-images.eonline.com/eol_images/Entire_Site/201825/rs_1024x576-180305200317-1024-arie-mv-3518.jpg?fit=inside|900:650&#038;output-quality=90" data-width="900" src=" "></img></div>
<p>ABC</p>
<h3>
									Arie Luyendyk Jr. and Becca Kufrin, <i>The Bachelor</i> Season 22<br />
								</h3>
<div>
<p><strong>Length of Relationship:</strong> Less than two months</p>
<p><strong>He Said:</strong> Oops, I pulled a Mesnick? After proposing to Becca at the end of his season, Arie realized by January that he still was in love with runner-up<strong> Lauren Burnham</strong> and wanted to pursue a relationship with her. So he decided to blindside Becca and break-up with her during a scheduled &#8220;Happy Couple Weekend,&#8221; and ABC later deciding to air it in all its uncomfortable split-screen glory. </p>
<p><strong>She Said:</strong> &#8220;Are you f&#8211;king kidding me?&#8221; It was what we were all thinking anyway! But Becca managed to move on just fine, becoming the next Bachelorette and she&#8217;s still with her final pick, <strong>Garrett Yrigoyen</strong>. </p>
</p></div>
</p></div>
<div>
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								<img alt="Bachelor in Paradise, Taylor Nolan, Derek Peth, Kissing" data-height="650" data-id="1042459" data-src="https://akns-images.eonline.com/eol_images/Entire_Site/2019922/rs_634x1024-191022125110-634-TAYLOR-NOLAN-DEREK-PETH.jpg?fit=inside|900:650&#038;output-quality=90" data-width="402" src=" "></img></div>
<p>Paul Hebert/ABC</p>
<h3>
									Derek Peth and Taylor Nolan, <i>Bachelor in Paradise</i><br />
								</h3>
<div>
<p><strong>Length of Relationship:</strong> One year</p>
<p><strong>He and She Said:</strong> After getting engaged during the season four reunion special, the long distance couple announced their split with a joint statement to E! News.</p>
<p>&#8220;It is with much sadness that we have decided to end our engagement. We put everything we could into our relationship and are heartbroken to go forward separately, but we know this is the best decision for the both of us,&#8221; the statement read. &#8220;We will still be present in each other&#8217;s lives with support, admiration and respect for each other.&#8221;</p>
<p>While Derek would return to <em>BIP</em> for another shot at love, Taylor <a href="https://www.eonline.com/news/1085243/bachelor-nation-s-taylor-nolan-clarifies-comments-on-derek-peth-reconciliation" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">opened up to E! News</a> about eventually being open to talking to her ex, whom she hadn&#8217;t spoken to in over a year.</p>
<p>&#8220;All I was saying is that I wouldn&#8217;t rule it out down the line if we actually talked and had some closure,&#8221; she said.</p>
</p></div>
</p></div>
<div>
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								<img alt="Kaitlyn Bristowe, Shawn Booth, The Bachelorette" data-height="415" data-id="620280" data-src="https://akns-images.eonline.com/eol_images/Entire_Site/2015627/rs_560x415-150727191658-1024.Kaitlyn-Bristowe-Shawn-Booth-The-Bachelorette.ms.072715_copy.jpg?fit=inside|900:650&#038;output-quality=90" data-width="560" src=" "></img></div>
<p>ABC/Rick Rowell</p>
<h3>
									Shawn Booth and Kaitlyn Bristowe, <i>The Bachelorette</i> Season 11<br />
								</h3>
<div>
<p>Length of Relationship: Three years</p>
<p><strong>He Said and She Said:</strong> Fans were devastated when the beloved couple <a href="https://www.eonline.com/news/982935/the-bachelorette-s-kaitlyn-bristowe-and-shawn-booth-break-up" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">announced their split</a>, though rumors about their relationship being on the rocks had been swirling for months.</p>
<p>&#8220;This difficult decision comes after thoughtful, respectful consideration,&#8221; Shawn and Kaitlyn said in statement. &#8220;We have both evolved as people, which is taking us in different directions, but with the hope that we will continue to support each other in new ways.&#8221;</p>
<p><strong>She Said:</strong> Following the split and entering  a new romance with <em>The Bachelorette</em>&#8216;s <strong>Jason Tartick</strong>, Kaitlyn has opened up about the issues in her relationship with Shawn, <a href="https://www.eonline.com/news/1043295/kaitlyn-bristowe-grieved-her-relationship-with-shawn-booth-for-a-year-before-they-split" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">admitting</a> she knew for the last year of their time together that &#8220;he couldn&#8217;t give me the kind of love that I needed.&#8221; She <a href="https://www.eonline.com/news/1108872/kaitlyn-bristowe-shades-ex-shawn-booth-and-reflects-on-her-bachelorette-ptsd" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">later hinted</a> she had &#8220;bitter feelings&#8221; towards her ex.</p>
</p></div>
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<div>
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								<img alt="LESLEY MURPHY, DEAN UNGLERT" data-height="650" data-id="900822" data-src="https://akns-images.eonline.com/eol_images/Entire_Site/201836/rs_1024x759-180406095759-1024-lesley-dean-winter-games.jpg?fit=inside|900:650&#038;output-quality=90" data-width="877" src=" "></img></div>
<p>ABC/Paul Hebert</p>
<h3>
									Dean Unglert and Lesley Murphy, <i>The Bachelor Winter Games</i><br />
								</h3>
<p><strong>Length of Relationship:</strong> Four months</p>
<p><strong>He Said:</strong> While he didn&#8217;t directly address the break-up, Dean took to Instagram following the split. &#8220;Love takes work. Love is compromise. Love is earned. I still have a lot of work to do on myself, a lot to prove to myself, before I&#8217;m ready for something like that,&#8221; the 26-year-old <a href="https://www.instagram.com/p/BhRzFDKnd5F/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">wrote</a>.</p>
<p><strong>She Said:</strong> In a length Instagram post, Lesley said she was looking for an equal in a relationship. &#8220;All we need is that same energy reciprocated, and despite how open and loving you attempt to be, people can only meet you as deeply as they&#8217;ve met themselves,&#8221; the travel blogger wrote. &#8220;Don&#8217;t be afraid to be the one that loved the most and give everything you had, because you&#8217;ve got to find people who love like you do and who are ready.&#8221; She added: &#8220;Out with the old, in with the TRUE.&#8221;</p>
</p></div>
<div>
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								<img alt="Bachelor Winter Games, Clare Crawley, Benoit Beausejour-Savard" data-height="600" data-id="890036" data-src="https://akns-images.eonline.com/eol_images/Entire_Site/2018123/rs_1024x683-180223073143-1024.clare-crawley.22318.jpg?fit=inside|900:650&#038;output-quality=90" data-width="900" src=" "></img></div>
<p>Paul Hebert/ABC</p>
<h3>
									Clare Crawley and Benoit Beausejour-Savard, <i>The Bachelor Winter Games</i><br />
								</h3>
<p><strong>Length of Relationship:</strong> Less than two months</p>
<p><strong>He Said and She Said:</strong> The former couple announced the end of their romance in a joint Instagram post following their surprise engagement at the <em>World Tells All</em> special. &#8220;We do understand however, having a public engagement on TV kind of changes that. It&#8217;s with a heavy heart that we have mutually decided to end our relationship,&#8221; <a href="https://www.eonline.com/news/925629/bachelor-winter-games-clare-crawley-and-benoit-beausejour-savard-break-up" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">they wrote</a>. &#8220;We think the world of each other, and we were both hoping we could make this work. I&#8217;m sorry that this may not be what you want to hear, but it&#8217;s our truth.&#8221;</p>
</p></div>
<div>
<div id="photo-895929">
								<img alt="Ashley Iaconetti, Kevin Wendt, The Bachelor Winter Games" data-height="600" data-id="895929" data-src="https://akns-images.eonline.com/eol_images/Entire_Site/2018215/rs_1024x683-180315075850-1024.bachelor.31518.jpg?fit=inside|900:650&#038;output-quality=90" data-width="900" src=" "></img></div>
<p>Lorenzo Bevilaqua/ABC</p>
<h3>
									Ashley Iaconetti and Kevin Wendt, <i>The Bachelor  Winter Games</i><br />
								</h3>
<div>
<p><strong>Length of Relationship:</strong> Less than a month</p>
<p><strong>He Said and </strong><strong>She Said:</strong> The winning couple of the spinoff sounded off on their split on <a href="https://www.eonline.com/news/920829/the-bachelor-s-ashley-iaconetti-reveals-the-harsh-reason-she-and-kevin-wendt-split" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">her<em> Almost  Famous</em> podcast</a>, both saying their relationship was short on &#8220;spark.&#8221;</p>
</p>
<p>Ashley explained, &#8220;It sounds a little harsh but it&#8217;s just that lack of magic. We get along very well, but there&#8217;s just a little something missing.&#8221; Kevin added that a long-distance relationship was an  &#8220;uphill battle,&#8221; saying, &#8220;We could have done two or three more trips and then it just would have kind of dragged it out so it&#8217;s all good. It makes sense.&#8221;</p>
</p></div>
</p></div>
<div>
<div id="photo-832322">
								<img alt="Nick Viall, Vanessa Grimaldi" data-height="650" data-id="832322" data-src="https://akns-images.eonline.com/eol_images/Entire_Site/2017628/rs_634x1024-170728142505-634-nick-viall-mv-72817.jpg?fit=inside|900:650&#038;output-quality=90" data-width="402" src=" "></img></div>
<p>Leon Bennett/Getty Images for Kershaw&#8217;s Challenge</p>
<h3>
									Nick Viall and Vanessa Grimaldi, <i>The Bachelor</i> Season 21<br />
								</h3>
<p><strong>Length of Relationship:</strong> Six months<br /></br><strong>He Said:</strong> After calling off their engagement, Nick told <em><a href="https://www.usmagazine.com/celebrity-news/news/nick-viall-breaks-silence-on-vanessa-grimaldi-split-i-still-love-her-w500096/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Us Weekly</a></em>, &#8220;&#8216;I still love her very much. I&#8217;m not afraid to say that.&#8221; <br /></br><strong>She Said:</strong> In an emotional Instagram post, Vanessa wrote, &#8220;It&#8217;s okay to feel broken. It&#8217;s okay to cry. It&#8217;s okay to lean on a friend. In the end, it will always be okay.&#8221; She later opened up to <em><a href="http://people.com/tv/the-bachelors-vanessa-grimaldi-opens-up-about-emotional-split-from-nick-viall-we-just-werent-the-best-fit-for-each-other/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">People</a></em>, saying, &#8220;as much as we loved each other and tried to make it work, we just realized we were different people fighting to keep a relationship when ultimately we just weren&#8217;t the best fit for each other.&#8221;</p>
</p></div>
<div>
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								<img alt="Ben Higgins, Lauren Bushnell " data-height="650" data-id="777091" data-src="https://akns-images.eonline.com/eol_images/Entire_Site/201703/rs_634x1024-170103165416-634-ben-higgins-mv-1317.jpg?fit=inside|900:650&#038;output-quality=90" data-width="402" src=" "></img></div>
<p>FabFitFun</p>
<h3>
									Ben Higgins and Lauren, <i>The Bachelor</i> Season 20<br />
								</h3>
<p><strong>Length of Relationship:</strong> Less than two years</p>
<p><strong>He Said:</strong> &#8220;I think mutually Lauren and I saw that life was getting more difficult,&#8221; <a href="https://www.eonline.com/news/853784/ben-higgins-sheds-light-on-tough-split-from-lauren-bushnell-life-was-getting-more-difficult" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Ben said on his <em>Almost Famous</em> podcast</a>, with a source telling us Lauren&#8217;s desire to move back to LA and Ben wanting to stay in Denver was a huge factor.</p>
<p><strong>She Said:</strong> Ben telling runner-up<strong> JoJo Fletcher</strong> he loved her during the show was a huge hurdle from the get-go for Lauren. &#8220;I always try to be really strong because I wanted to move forward from it,&#8221; she told People. &#8220;But because I wanted to move forward from it, I don&#8217;t think I ever really opened up about how hard that was.&#8221;</p>
</p></div>
<div>
<div id="photo-564991">
								<img alt="Chris Soules, Whitney Bischoff, Bachelor" data-height="650" data-id="564991" data-src="https://akns-images.eonline.com/eol_images/Entire_Site/201529/rs_1024x759-150309191854-1024.Chris-Soules-Whitney-Bischoff-Bachelor.ms.030915.jpg?fit=inside|900:650&#038;output-quality=90" data-width="877" src=" "></img></div>
<p>ABC/Nicole Kohl</p>
<h3>
									Chris Soules and Whitney Bischoff, <i>The Bachelor</i> Season 19<br />
								</h3>
<p><strong>Length of Relationship:</strong> Six months<br /></br><strong>He Said:</strong> &#8220;When I [got down] on one knee, I thought that was it,&#8221; Chris told<em> Entertainment Tonight</em> after the split. &#8220;[But] once it&#8217;s all said and done, you do get to a new reality after the show&#8217;s over. Then you start to learn and figure out if the relationship&#8217;s actually going to work.&#8221;<br /></br><strong>She Said:</strong> After their split, the nurse, who is now married, told Us Weekly, &#8220;I think that it&#8217;s important that we maintain our friendship, and I love that we were able to end things cordially. We went through something very unique, and I think that we&#8217;ll have a friendship for the rest of our lives.&#8221;</p>
</p></div>
<div>
<div id="photo-419876">
								<img alt="Juan Pablo Galavis, Nikki Ferrell" data-height="650" data-id="419876" data-src="https://akns-images.eonline.com/eol_images/Entire_Site/2014215/rs_1024x759-140315140816-1024.Juan-Pablo-Galavis-Nikki-Ferrell-3.jl.031514.jpg?fit=inside|900:650&#038;output-quality=90" data-width="877" src=" "></img></div>
<p>NP Photos</p>
<h3>
									Juan Pablo Galavis and Nikki Ferrell, <i>The Bachelor</i> Season 18<br />
								</h3>
<p><strong>Length of Relationship:</strong> Less than a year<br /></br><strong>He Said:</strong> The polarizing Bachelor has stayed mostly mum about the split, with the Venezuelan former soccer player receiving major flack from fans (and <strong>Chris Harrison</strong>) for not getting down on one knee or telling Nikki he loved her in the finale. <br /></br><strong>She Said:</strong> &#8220;It&#8217;s just a difference of lifestyles,&#8221; the now-married Nikki said. &#8220;At the end of the day, we gave it a go, but we&#8217;re two different people.&#8221; The distance was also a factor, according to Nikki.</p>
</p></div>
<div>
<div id="photo-228228">
								<img alt="Jake Pavelka, Vienna Girardi, The Bachelor" data-height="650" data-id="228228" data-src="https://akns-images.eonline.com/eol_images/Entire_Site/2012911/634.5bachelorette.ls.10112.jpg?fit=inside|900:650&#038;output-quality=90" data-width="402" src=" "></img></div>
<p>ABC/MATT KLITSCHER</p>
<h3>
									Jake Pavelka and Vienna Girardi, <i>The Bachelor</i> 17<br />
								</h3>
<p><strong>Length of Relationship:</strong> Seven months</p>
<p><strong>He Said:</strong> Remember that iconic trainwreck of a sitdown interview they gave after their split? Jake accused Vienna of undermining him and selling stories to tabloids, and yelled at her for interrupting him. &#8220;What guy in America would ever want to be intimate with someone who undermines him, emasculates and doesn&#8217;t respect him?&#8221; he said.</p>
<p><strong>She Said:</strong> &#8220;You are a fame whore is what you are,&#8221; Vienna said, adding that Jake ignored her throughout their relationship and only caring about being on TV. &#8220;When we were at home [it was] lonely,&#8221; she said. &#8220;I just wanted him to be around me and talk to me and kiss me like a normal relationship.&#8221; Then, she and boyfriend<strong> Kasey Kahl</strong> made it their mission to get Jake out of the <em>Bachelor Pad 2</em>, turning themselves into the villains and making Jake, who claimed he only did the show to apologize to Vienna, more sympathetic to viewers.</p>
</p></div>
<div>
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								<img alt="THE BACHELOR, BEN FLAJNIK, COURTNEY ROBERTSON " data-height="650" data-id="455404" data-src="https://akns-images.eonline.com/eol_images/Entire_Site/201456/rs_1024x759-140606163657-1024.Ben-Flajnik-Courtney-Johnson-The-Bachelor-Proposal.ms.060614.jpg?fit=inside|900:650&#038;output-quality=90" data-width="877" src=" "></img></div>
<p>ABC/NICK RAY</p>
<h3>
									Ben Fjajnik and Courtney Robertson, <i>The Bachelor</i> Season 16<br />
								</h3>
<p>Length of Relationship: Nine months<br /></br> He Said: Throughout their on and off again romance, Ben  had questioned  Courtney&#8217;s behavior on the show, saying she had him &#8220;<a href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/11/14/bachelor-ben-flajnik-courtney-robertson-had-me-fooled_n_2130726.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">fooled</a>.&#8221; <br /></br> She Said: Courtney wrote a tell-all, <em>I Didn&#8217;t Come Here to Make Friends</em>, which Ben was reportedly not too happy about. In it, she claimed Ben refused to let her do <em>Dancing With the Stars</em> and detailed some of their sexual encounters on the show.</p>
</p></div>
<div>
<div id="photo-795174">
								<img alt="Brad Womack, Emily Maynard, The Bachelor" data-height="650" data-id="795174" data-src="https://akns-images.eonline.com/eol_images/Entire_Site/2017213/1024.proposal-bachelor-womack.cm.31317.jpg?fit=inside|900:650&#038;output-quality=90" data-width="877" src=" "></img></div>
<p>ABC/MARK WESSELS</p>
<h3>
									Brad Womack and Emily Maynard, <i>The Bachelor</i> Season 15<br />
								</h3>
<p><strong>Length of Relationship:</strong> Six months<br /></br><strong>He Said:</strong> In a statement to<em> People</em>, the two-time Bachelor said that &#8220;the demise of our relationship was completely my fault.&#8221; But he later changed his tune, saying, &#8220;I think I dodged a bullet with that relationship.&#8221; Ouch!<br /></br><strong>She Said:</strong> In her book, <em>I Said Yes: My Story of Heartbreak, Redemption, and True Love</em>, Emily revealed Brad once broke up with her by CCing her on an e-mail to producers. Harsh!</p>
</p></div>
<div>
<div id="photo-228075">
								<img alt="Jason Mesnick, Melissa Rycroft, The Bachelor" data-height="650" data-id="228075" data-src="https://akns-images.eonline.com/eol_images/Entire_Site/2012911/1024.mesnick.rycroft.mh.101112.jpg?fit=inside|900:650&#038;output-quality=90" data-width="877" src=" "></img></div>
<p>ABC/MATT KLITSCHER</p>
<h3>
									Jason Mesnick and Melissa Rycroft, <i>The Bachelor</i> Season 13<br />
								</h3>
<p><strong>Length of Relationship:</strong> Halfway through the<em> After the Final Rose</em> special<br /></br><strong>He Said:</strong> Um, I made a mistake. During <em>ATFR</em>, Jason admitted he had made the wrong choice in the finale, and was in love with runner-up, <strong>Molli</strong>. (They&#8217;re now happily married with two kids.)<br /></br><strong>She Said:</strong> Yeah, you could say Melissa was pissed. &#8220;You&#8217;re such a bastard,&#8221; she said. &#8220;I wish more than anything that last day you would&#8217;ve just let me go instead of doing this to me. I&#8217;m so mad at you.&#8221; </p>
</p></div>
<div>
<div id="photo-469892">
								<img alt="Shayne Lamas, Matt Grant,The Bachelor" data-height="650" data-id="469892" data-src="https://akns-images.eonline.com/eol_images/Entire_Site/2014615/rs_634x1024-140715150007-634.12bachelor-bachelorette-final-rose.ls.71514.jpg?fit=inside|900:650&#038;output-quality=90" data-width="402" src=" "></img></div>
<p>ABC/ADAM LARKEY</p>
<h3>
									Shayne Lamas &#038; Matt Grant, <i>The Bachelor</i> Season 12<br />
								</h3>
<p><strong>Length of Relationship:</strong> Two months<br /></br><strong>He Said:</strong> &#8220;Did I find true love on the show? Um, no. Not one little bit,&#8221; the Bachelor said after the pair called it quits. &#8220;I proposed to a woman who was about a foot and a half shorter than me, who had nothing in common with me, and thought there were palm trees in London. Did I make a mistake? Yes. Did I look like an idiot? Yes. Do I regret it? A little bit.&#8221;<br /></br><strong>She Said:</strong> In an alleged blog post Shayne asked rhetorically, &#8220;What I don&#8217;t understand is why Matt hasn&#8217;t finally confessed that he is gay and the very first gay Bachelor.&#8221;</p>
</p></div>
<div>
<div id="photo-228159">
								<img alt="Andy Baldwin, Tessa Horst" data-height="650" data-id="228159" data-src="https://akns-images.eonline.com/eol_images/Entire_Site/2012911/634.5bach.ls.101112.jpg?fit=inside|900:650&#038;output-quality=90" data-width="402" src=" "></img></div>
<p>ABC</p>
<h3>
									Andy Baldwin and Tessa Horst, <i>The Bachelor</i> Season 10<br />
								</h3>
<p><strong>Length of Relationship:</strong> A few months (if that)<br /></br><strong>He Said: </strong>&#8220;When the fantasy wore off and the reality set in, we both realized we weren&#8217;t ready to be engaged,&#8221; the Naval officer said of their broken engagement. <br /></br><strong>She Said:</strong> Before officially pulling the plug on their relationship altogether, it not being &#8220;The ideal time for Tessa to uproot herself and move out [to Hawaii] right now&#8221; was cited as reason for their engagement to be called off. </p>
</p></div>
<div>
<div id="photo-620040">
								<img alt="Lorenzo Borghese, Jennifer, The Bachelor" data-height="650" data-id="620040" data-src="https://akns-images.eonline.com/eol_images/Entire_Site/2015627/rs_634x845-150727120459-634.lorenzo-jennifer.jpg?fit=inside|900:650&#038;output-quality=90" data-width="487" src=" "></img></div>
<p>ABC</p>
<h3>
									Lorenzo Borghese and Jennifer Wilson, <i>The Bachelor</i> Season 9<br />
								</h3>
<p><strong>Length of Relationship:</strong> One month<br /></br><strong>They Said:</strong> Nothing really, with just a show publicist confirming their split shortly after their finale aired, and Lorenzo went on to briefly date his runner-up. </p>
</p></div>
<div>
<div id="photo-228151">
								<img alt="Travis Stork, Sarah Stone, Bachelor" data-height="650" data-id="228151" data-src="https://akns-images.eonline.com/eol_images/Entire_Site/2012911/634.travisstork.mh.101112.jpg?fit=inside|900:650&#038;output-quality=90" data-width="402" src=" "></img></div>
<p>ABC</p>
<h3>
									Travis Stork and Sarah Stone, <i>The Bachelor</i> Season 8<br />
								</h3>
<p><strong>Length of Relationship:</strong> Three months<br /></br><strong>He Said:</strong> With their season set in Paris, Travis admitted returning to their real lives in Nashville (and being forced not to see each other by producers while the show was airing) put a huge strain on their romance. &#8220;You&#8217;re forced to pretend you don&#8217;t know someone, for four months, &#8220;he said.<br /></br><strong>She Said:</strong> Sarah believed the couple would&#8217;ve worked out if they had met under different circumstances. &#8220;I definitely think it would&#8217;ve worked out differently,&#8221; she told <em>The Tennessean</em>. &#8220;We wouldn&#8217;t have had all the baggage that comes from being on this show. It would just be the two of us being able to hang out and get to know each other in a normal situation.&#8221; </p>
</p></div>
<div>
<div id="photo-620044">
								<img alt="Charlie O'Connell, Sarah Brice, The Bachelor " data-height="650" data-id="620044" data-src="https://akns-images.eonline.com/eol_images/Entire_Site/2015627/rs_634x845-150727120936-634.charlie-sarah-bachelor.jpg?fit=inside|900:650&#038;output-quality=90" data-width="487" src=" "></img></div>
<p>Jeff Kravitz/FilmMagic</p>
<h3>
									Charlie O&#8217;Connell and Sarah Brice, <i>The Bachelor</i> Season 7<br />
								</h3>
<p>Length of Relationship: Five years<br /></br>He Said: After their on and off again romance officially came to an end in 2010, the actor said, &#8220;I think it was a mutual break-up. The thing is that we dated for five years&#8230;and were just arguing over the same things and stuff like that. And then eventually you&#8217;ve got to go your separate ways.&#8221;<br /></br>She Said: Sarah had attributed most of their previous break-ups to Charlie&#8217;s drinking. &#8220;A lot of it had to do with a little bit of the drinking that he was doing and I kind of didn&#8217;t really appreciate it and respond well to it,&#8221; she said.</p>
</p></div>
<div>
<div id="photo-228150">
								<img alt="Byron Velvick, Mary Delgado, Bachelor" data-height="650" data-id="228150" data-src="https://akns-images.eonline.com/eol_images/Entire_Site/2012911/634.Byron.Mary.mh.101112.jpg?fit=inside|900:650&#038;output-quality=90" data-width="402" src=" "></img></div>
<p>ABC</p>
<h3>
									Byron Velvick and Mary Delgado, <i>The Bachelor</i> Season 6<br />
								</h3>
<p><strong>Length of Relationship:</strong> Five years</p>
<p><strong>He Said:</strong> After their assault incident in 2007, the Bachelor admitted, &#8220;Just because you met on a reality show, got engaged on this beautiful incredible setting doesn&#8217;t mean that we&#8217;re Prince Charming or Beautiful Princess. It&#8217;s nothing like that. It&#8217;s just a real couple going through real things.&#8221;</p>
<p><strong>She Said:</strong> After being arrested three times since her season aired in 2004, including once for allegedly assaulting Byron, the former NFL cheerleader <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3v6QGsH1b4k" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">gave an interview</a> in 2016 revealing her struggle with depression. &#8220;There was a big pressure also to have a successful relationship for TV and the show.&#8221; She hinted that there were trust issues in the relationship. </p>
</p></div>
<div>
<div id="photo-228149">
								<img alt="Jesse Palmer, Jessica Bowlin, Bachelor" data-height="650" data-id="228149" data-src="https://akns-images.eonline.com/eol_images/Entire_Site/2012911/634.jessica.jesse.mh.101112.jpg?fit=inside|900:650&#038;output-quality=90" data-width="402" src=" "></img></div>
<p>ABC</p>
<h3>
									Jesse Palmer and Jessica Bowlin, <i>The Bachelor</i> Season 5<br />
								</h3>
<p><strong>Length of Relationship:</strong> One month<br /></br><strong>He Said:</strong> &#8220;Jessica and I shared an incredible romantic journey on the show that began with a friendship that remains strong today. We simply realized that, individually, our next steps take us in different directions,&#8221; the former NFL player-turned- <em>Good Morning America</em> host said in a statement after their short-lived relationship. <br /></br><strong>She Said:</strong> Jessica continued in the statement, saying, &#8220;With too much distance and too little time these were not ideal circumstances in which to start a relationship. Jesse is a great guy and has a wonderful family. Who knows what the future holds?&#8221; Spoiler alert: it held nothing!</p>
</p></div>
<div>
<div id="photo-228148">
								<img alt="Bob Guiney, Estella Gardinier, Bachelor" data-height="650" data-id="228148" data-src="https://akns-images.eonline.com/eol_images/Entire_Site/2012911/634.Bob.Estella.mh.101112.jpg?fit=inside|900:650&#038;output-quality=90" data-width="402" src=" "></img></div>
<p>ABC</p>
<h3>
									Bob Guiney and Estella Gardinier, <i>The Bachelor</i> Season 4<br />
								</h3>
<p><strong>Length of Relationship:</strong> Three months</p>
<p><strong>He Said:</strong> The Bachelor took the blame for their split, telling <a href="http://people.com/archive/war-of-the-roses-vol-61-no-1/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><em>People</em> mag</a>, &#8220;It was largely my fault. I&#8217;ve been pulled in so many directions, and the one that I don&#8217;t think got enough of my time was our relationship.&#8221; He cited his promotional tour for his book and his music career as reasons.</p>
<p><strong>She Said:</strong> In an interview post-split, Estella told <em>People</em> she blamed Bob&#8217;s hunger for the spotlight as a reason for their demise. &#8220;He&#8217;s not the person I thought he was,&#8221; she said. &#8220;I don&#8217;t see any reason to ever have a conversation with him.&#8221;</p>
</p></div>
<div>
<div id="photo-228147">
								<img alt="Andrew Firestone, Jen Scheff, Bachelor" data-height="650" data-id="228147" data-src="https://akns-images.eonline.com/eol_images/Entire_Site/2012911/634.AFirestone.mh.101112.jpg?fit=inside|900:650&#038;output-quality=90" data-width="402" src=" "></img></div>
<p>ABC</p>
<h3>
									Andrew Firestone and Jen Scheftt, <i>The Bachelor</i> Season 3<br />
								</h3>
<p><strong>Length of Relationship:</strong> 10 months</p>
<p><strong>He Said:</strong> &#8220;I was probably a little too young,&#8221; Andrew told<em> Us Weekly</em> in 2008. &#8220;The relationship felt right at the time.&#8221;</p>
<p><strong>She Said:</strong> Of their split, Jen told <em>Us Weekly</em>, &#8220;I was naive in thinking [the relationship with Firestone] was going to be great in the real world, since we got along so great [during taping].&#8221; She would go on to be the Bachelorette, but rejected both of her final suitors. Tell &#8217;em boys bye!</p>
</p></div>
<div>
<div id="photo-534840">
								<img alt="Aaron Buerge, The Bachelor " data-height="650" data-id="534840" data-src="https://akns-images.eonline.com/eol_images/Entire_Site/201505/rs_634x1024-150105122646-634-bachelor.jpg?fit=inside|900:650&#038;output-quality=90" data-width="402" src=" "></img></div>
<p>ABC </p>
<h3>
									Aaron Buerge and Helene Eksterowicz, <i>The Bachelor</i> Season 2<br />
								</h3>
<p><strong>Length of Relationship:</strong> One month</p>
<p><strong>He Said:</strong> The Bachelor agreed to do a televised interview about the split after his former GF went on the record with a tabloid. &#8220;I have nothing bad to say about her and I don&#8217;t want different accounts of my story turning into rumors,&#8221; he said.</p>
<p><strong>She Said:</strong> Helene said she was shocked when Aaron told her he was no longer invested in their relationship.  &#8220;It felt like a bomb dropped,&#8221; she said to <em>People</em>. &#8220;I said, &#8216;I feel very deceived by you. You&#8217;ve told me every single day that you love me, and now this is it?'&#8221;</p>
</p></div>
<div>
<div id="photo-620039">
								<img alt="Alex Michel, Amanda Marsh, The Bachelor" data-height="650" data-id="620039" data-src="https://akns-images.eonline.com/eol_images/Entire_Site/2015627/rs_634x836-150727120322-634.Alex-Michel-Amanda-Marsh-The-Bachelor.2.ms.072715.jpg?fit=inside|900:650&#038;output-quality=90" data-width="492" src=" "></img></div>
<p>ABC</p>
<h3>
									Alex Michael and Amanda Marsh, <i>The Bachelor</i> Season 1<br />
								</h3>
<p><strong>Length of Relationship:</strong> Several months</p>
<p><strong>He Said:</strong> <strong>Trista Sutter</strong>, Alex&#8217;s runner-up and eventual Bachelorette, revealed he had told her he&#8217;d made a mistake choosing Amanda. &#8220;Basically he told me that he thought he had made a mistake,&#8221;she spilled to <em>TV Guide</em> in 2003. &#8220;He&#8217;ll probably deny that he said [that he&#8217;d made a mistake].&#8221;</p>
<p><strong>She Said:</strong> While their romance didn&#8217;t last, Alex and Amanda&#8217;s friendship did, with Amanda revealing they occasionally e-mail. </p>
</p></div>
<div>
<div id="photo-536949">
								<img alt="Josh Murray, Andi Dorfman" data-height="650" data-id="536949" data-src="https://akns-images.eonline.com/eol_images/Entire_Site/201509/rs_634x1024-150109094957-634-andi-dorfman-1915.jpg?fit=inside|900:650&#038;output-quality=90" data-width="402" src=" "></img></div>
<p>Paul Archuleta/FilmMagic</p>
<h3>
									Andi Dorfman and Josh Murray, <i>The Bachelorette</i> Season 10<br />
								</h3>
<p><strong>Length of Relationship:</strong> Seven months<br /></br><strong>She Said:</strong> More like that she wrote, as Andi detailed her nasty split in her book,<em> It&#8217;s Not Okay</em>, accusing Josh of being verbally and emotionally abusive. She also wrote he prohibited her from taking photos with other men and called her a &#8220;whore&#8221; for sleeping with <strong>Nick Viall</strong> in the fantasy suite.<br /></br><strong>He Said:</strong> Josh denied everything in Andi&#8217;s book while on <em>Bachelor in Paradise</em>. &#8220;I can&#8217;t comment on specific things in any kind of book that my ex has written, because it&#8217;s a fictional story,&#8221; he said. &#8220;There&#8217;s stuff that&#8217;s so ludicrous; how do you comment on stuff like that?&#8221;</p>
</p></div>
<div>
<div id="photo-620028">
								<img alt="The Bachelorette, EMILY MAYNARD, JEF HOLM" data-height="650" data-id="620028" data-src="https://akns-images.eonline.com/eol_images/Entire_Site/2015627/rs_1024x759-150727114757-1024.emily-maynard-jef-holm-finale.jpg?fit=inside|900:650&#038;output-quality=90" data-width="877" src=" "></img></div>
<p>ABC</p>
<h3>
									Emily Maynard and Jef Holm, <i>The Bachelorette</i> Season 8<br />
								</h3>
<p><strong>Length of Relationship:</strong> Six months<br /></br><strong>She Said:</strong> &#8220;I am sorry to tell you that Jef and I have, indeed, parted ways,&#8221; the Bachelorette said in a statement at the time. &#8220;It was a very difficult and heartbreaking decision.&#8221; A few years later, she would write in her book that she immediately knew accepting Jef&#8217;s proposal was a mistake when her daughter<strong> Ricki</strong> joined them, and she wondered if he was ready to be a &#8220;stepparent.&#8221; <br /></br><strong>He Said:</strong> He said a lot without words just before the couple announced their official split, by changing his relationship status on Facebook and removing Emily from his Twitter bio pic ahead of the official confirmation that they were dunzo. He later said they wanted &#8220;different things.&#8221; </p>
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								<img alt=" Ali Fedotowsky, Roberto Martinez" data-height="650" data-id="228161" data-src="https://akns-images.eonline.com/eol_images/Entire_Site/2012911/634.3bach.ls.101112.jpg?fit=inside|900:650&#038;output-quality=90" data-width="402" src=" "></img></div>
<p>ABC/MATT KLITSCHER</p>
<h3>
									Ali Fedotowsky and Roberto Martinez, <i>The Bachelorette</i> Season 6<br />
								</h3>
<p><strong>Length of Relationship:</strong> One and a half years<br /></br><strong>She Said:</strong> &#8220;We were really trying to make it work, and realizing it wasn&#8217;t getting better,&#8221; the Bachelorette said after the couple&#8217;s split. &#8220;We were unhappy more than we were happy, and something needed to change&#8230;I didn&#8217;t want to let people down. I felt anger from my followers, fans&#8230;The pressure was to make sure we did what would make both of us happy.&#8221;<br /></br><strong>He Said:</strong> The insurance agent has never spoken out publicly about the end of their engagement. </p>
</p></div>
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								<img alt="The Bachlorette, Ed Swiderski, Jillian Harris" data-height="650" data-id="228160" data-src="https://akns-images.eonline.com/eol_images/Entire_Site/2012911/634.2bach.ls.101112.jpg?fit=inside|900:650&#038;output-quality=90" data-width="402" src=" "></img></div>
<p>ABC/MARIO PEREZ</p>
<h3>
									Jillian Harris and Ed Swiderski, <i>The Bachelorette</i> Season 5<br />
								</h3>
<p><strong>Length of Relationship:</strong> One year<br /></br><strong>She Said:</strong> After cheating allegations surfaced, which Jillian defended Ed from before the split, the Bachelorette <a href="http://people.com/celebrity/jillian-harris-on-bachelorette-breakup-and-moving-on/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">has since admitted,</a> &#8220;I was so devastated.&#8221; And in another interview, <a href="http://radaronline.com/exclusives/2013/09/bachelorette-jillian-harris-bachelor-ed-swiderski/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">she said</a>, &#8220;Looking back, [Ed] just did what he wanted to do.&#8221;<br /></br><strong>He Said:</strong> During his stint on <em>Bachelor Pad 3</em>, Ed basically confirmed the reports of him cheating on Jillian, saying, &#8220;I&#8217;m not an angel. There was certainly some truth to what was in the tabloids.&#8221; </p>
</p></div>
<div>
<div id="photo-228122">
								<img alt="DeAnna Pappas, Jesse Csincsak" data-height="650" data-id="228122" data-src="https://akns-images.eonline.com/eol_images/Entire_Site/2012911/634.pappas.mh.101112.jpg?fit=inside|900:650&#038;output-quality=90" data-width="402" src=" "></img></div>
<p>David Livingston/Getty Images</p>
<h3>
									DeAnna Pappas and Jesse Csincsak, <i>The Bachelorette</i> Season 4<br />
								</h3>
<p><strong>Length of Relationship:</strong> Less than a year<br /></br><strong>She Said:</strong> Admitting she liked Jesse because he was a bit of a &#8220;wild card,&#8221; DeAnna admitted, &#8220;Eventually it wasn&#8217;t what I was attracted to anymore.&#8221;<br /></br><strong>He Said:</strong> Jesse decided to post a YouTube video (?!) detailing their split, saying the Bachelorette broke it off with him by saying, &#8220;&#8216;I love you, but I&#8217;m not in love with you. She&#8217;s a great person but she wasn&#8217;t willing to try anymore&#8230;that&#8217;s a lot to swallow no matter who you are when you&#8217;re in love and you put yourself out there.&#8221;</p>
</p></div>
<div>
<div id="photo-620052">
								<img alt="Bachelorette,  Meredith Phillips, Ian McKee" data-height="650" data-id="620052" data-src="https://akns-images.eonline.com/eol_images/Entire_Site/2015627/rs_634x951-150727121441-634.meredith-ian-bachelorette.jpg?fit=inside|900:650&#038;output-quality=90" data-width="433" src=" "></img></div>
<p>ABC</p>
<h3>
									Meredith Phillips and Ian McKee, <i>The Bachelorette</i> Season 2<br />
								</h3>
<p><strong>Length of Relationship:</strong> One year<br /></br><strong>She Said:</strong> &#8220;Our relationship began with great expectations for a happy ending, but unfortunately things didn&#8217;t work out as we had hoped,&#8221; the couple said in a statement at the time<em>.</em> &#8220;What we experienced together was incredible and we are both sad to see it end. We thank you for your support.&#8221; Years later, Meredith revealed her battle with alcoholism, saying she was &#8220;drunk every night&#8221; during filming.<br /></br><strong>He Said:</strong> According to the show&#8217;s co-executive producer<strong> Lisa Levenson</strong>, Ian was skeptical about reality TV romances, saying, &#8220;From day one, he said he could never see himself proposing to a woman on national television or saying the words ‘I love you.'&#8221;</p>
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		<title>The Time a Serial Killer در بازی Dating ظاهر شد</title>
		<link>https://www.dollyrogers.nl/the-time-a-serial-killer-%d8%af%d8%b1-%d8%a8%d8%a7%d8%b2%db%8c-dating-%d8%b8%d8%a7%d9%87%d8%b1-%d8%b4%d8%af/</link>
				<pubDate>Wed, 08 Apr 2020 00:02:20 +0000</pubDate>
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				<description><![CDATA[Translating&#8230; NEW FEATURE: VOTE &#038; EARN NEATOPOINTS! Submit your own Neatorama post and vote for others&#8217; posts to earn NeatoPoints that you can redeem for T-shirts, hoodies and more over at the NeatoShop! Main Blog > The Time a Serial Killer Appeared on The Dating Game The Dating Game was a Chuck Barris game show ... <a title="The Time a Serial Killer در بازی Dating ظاهر شد" class="read-more" href="https://www.dollyrogers.nl/the-time-a-serial-killer-%d8%af%d8%b1-%d8%a8%d8%a7%d8%b2%db%8c-dating-%d8%b8%d8%a7%d9%87%d8%b1-%d8%b4%d8%af/">Read more</a>]]></description>
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<article data-sharetitle="The Time a Serial Killer Appeared on The Dating Game" data-shareurl="https://www.neatorama.com/2020/03/29/The-Time-a-Serial-Killer-Appeared-on-iThe-Dating-Gamei/" data-shorturl="http://tinyurl.com/s8qyoy6" data-urlname="The-Time-a-Serial-Killer-Appeared-on-iThe-Dating-Gamei" data-vh="45d9539ebb33d19d53b2fad5723944f6" id="post-113158" itemscope="" itemtype="http://schema.org/Article">
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<p><em>The Dating Game</em> was a Chuck Barris game show that began in 1965 and ran in various versions up through 1999. Like <em>The Newlywed Game</em>, it owed its popularity to sexual innuendo that produced giggles at the time, but just seems creepy now. Adding to the cringe factor is the fact that a convicted <a href="https://www.dollyrogers.nl/victoriamilan" target="_blank">sex</a> offender on parole managed to become a contestant. And he later turned out to be a prolific serial killer.</p>
<blockquote>
<p>The man born as Rodney James Alcala is maybe not as well known as some of the more notorious serial killers such as Ted Bundy or Jeffrey Dahmer, but he is certainly just as bad. Throughout the course of his grim killing spree he would ruthlessly rape, torture, and murder at least seven young women in California and New York under the guise of being a professional photographer, quite possibly dozens more. He was known as being particularly sadistic in his killings, often strangling a woman until she passed out, reviving her, and then starting the process over again, until she was dead. He was a cold hearted monster, but by all accounts a very personable and charming fellow to those who had no idea of his secret life, and this is probably best illustrated by the time he turned up on an episode of The Dating Game.</p>
</blockquote>
<p>Alcala appeared on <em>The Dating Game</em> in 1978 as one of three bachelors to compete for a date with a young woman named Cheryl Bradshaw. Alcala won that competition. Read about <a href="https://mysteriousuniverse.org/2020/03/the-time-a-serial-killer-appeared-on-a-dating-show-and-won/" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Rodney Alcala and his TV victory</a> at Mysterious Universe. See clips from the show<a href="https://youtu.be/XQ4d2nORMHQ" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"> here</a>. -via <a href="http://strangeco.blogspot.com/" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Strange Company </a></p>
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		<title>ملیسا لوکارلی ، ستاره MAFS می گوید: کورو ویروس به زندگی جنسی او آسیب رسانده است</title>
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				<pubDate>Wed, 08 Apr 2020 00:02:16 +0000</pubDate>
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				<description><![CDATA[Translating&#8230; &#8216;I thought 2020 would be my year&#8217;: Former Married At First Sight star Melissa Lucarelli says the coronavirus pandemic has stopped her breaking her decade-long sex drought By Daily Mail Australia Reporter Published: 08:04 BST, 1 April 2020 &#124; Updated: 10:53 BST, 1 April 2020 Melissa Lucarelli was open about suffering from an almost ... <a title="ملیسا لوکارلی ، ستاره MAFS می گوید: کورو ویروس به زندگی جنسی او آسیب رسانده است" class="read-more" href="https://www.dollyrogers.nl/%d9%85%d9%84%db%8c%d8%b3%d8%a7-%d9%84%d9%88%da%a9%d8%a7%d8%b1%d9%84%db%8c-%d8%8c-%d8%b3%d8%aa%d8%a7%d8%b1%d9%87-mafs-%d9%85%db%8c-%da%af%d9%88%db%8c%d8%af-%da%a9%d9%88%d8%b1%d9%88-%d9%88%db%8c%d8%b1/">Read more</a>]]></description>
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<h2>&#8216;I thought 2020 would be my year&#8217;: Former Married At First Sight star Melissa Lucarelli says the coronavirus pandemic has stopped her breaking her decade-long <a href="https://www.dollyrogers.nl/victoriamilan" target="_blank">sex</a> drought</h2>
<p>By <a href=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/home/search.html?s=&#038;authornamef=Daily+Mail+Australia+Reporter rel="nofollow">Daily Mail Australia Reporter</a> </p>
<p><span> <span>Published:</span> <time datetime="2020-04-01T08:04:01 0100"> 08:04 BST, 1 April 2020 </time></span> | <span> <span>Updated:</span> <time datetime="2020-04-01T10:53:34 0100"> 10:53 BST, 1 April 2020 </time></span> </p>
<div itemprop="articleBody">
<p>Melissa Lucarelli was open about suffering from an almost decade-long <a href="https://www.dollyrogers.nl/victoriamilan" target="_blank">sex</a> drought when she starred on <a href=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/tvshowbiz/married-at-first-sight-australia/index.html id="mol-f69e8e40-73e6-11ea-a37b-57aa394f64ad">Married At First Sight</a> last year.</p>
<p>And while the semi-celibate star had promised herself that she&#8217;d end her drought in 2020, she&#8217;s now revealed that the <a href=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/coronavirus/index.html id="mol-f69cb980-73e6-11ea-a37b-57aa394f64ad">coronavirus</a> pandemic has put a stop to her plans.</p>
<p>In a column for <a href="https://thelatch.com.au/melissa-lucarelli-online-dating/" rel="nofollow noreferrer noopener" target="_blank">The Latch</a>, the 39-year-old wrote: &#8216;How do I meet and connect with someone while we are all in self-isolation?&#8217;</p>
<div>
<p>&#8216;How do I meet someone while we are all in self-isolation?&#8217; Former Married At First Sight star Melissa Lucarelli (pictured) says coronavirus has stopped her from breaking her <a href="https://www.dollyrogers.nl/victoriamilan" target="_blank">sex</a> drought</p>
</div>
<p>She continued: &#8216;And how the heck am I going to break the drought when we must keep a social distance of 1.5 metres?&#8217;</p>
<p>The former TV presenter admitted that she&#8217;s now turned to <a href="https://www.dollyrogers.nl" target="_blank">online dating</a> for the first time in her life in a bid to find love.</p>
<p>&#8216;True love waits for no one and if I want to meet someone during corona times, then desperate times calls for desperate measures!&#8217; she wrote. </p>
<div>
<p>&#8216;And how the heck am I going to break the drought when we must keep a social distance of 1.5 metres?&#8217; The 39-year-old opened up in a column for The Latch</p>
</div>
<p>However, Melissa admitted that she&#8217;s already had trouble figuring out the <a href="https://www.dollyrogers.nl" target="_blank">online dating</a> world and has been confused by all the apps on the market.</p>
<p>&#8216;Bumble, Tinder, Her, Plenty of Fish, Happn, Zoosk, Ok Cupid, Badoo, Hingee… the list goes on and on, just like my man drought,&#8217; he joked.</p>
<p>In a previous column for <a href="https://thelatch.com.au/mafs-mel-lucarelli-married-at-first-sight/" rel="nofollow noreferrer noopener" target="_blank">The Latch</a>, Mel wrote that she and her husband Dino Hira were &#8216;totally mismatched&#8217; by the show&#8217;s relationship experts.</p>
<div>
<p>&#8216;Desperate times calls for desperate measures!&#8217; Mel said that she&#8217;s now turned to <a href="https://www.dollyrogers.nl" target="_blank">online dating</a> in a bid to meet somebody </p>
</div>
<p>&#8216;Dino and I literally had nothing in common,&#8217; she wrote, candidly. </p>
<p>&#8216;Everything from our personalities to our belief systems; our values and our interests, and even the way we communicate,&#8217; she continued.</p>
<p>&#8216;While I had no idea what to expect of the experience, one thing I hadn&#8217;t counted on was being totally mismatched.&#8217; </p>
<p>Outspoken Mel has taken swipes at MAFS relationship experts before, after her disastrous marriage to Dino ended in tears. </p>
<div>
<p>Flashback: Melissa Luarelli was open about suffering from an almost decade-long <a href="https://www.dollyrogers.nl/victoriamilan" target="_blank">sex</a> drought when she starred on Married At First Sight last year</p>
</div>
<p>During an interview with <a href="https://www.dailytelegraph.com.au/" rel="nofollow noreferrer noopener" target="_blank">The Daily Telegraph</a> in March last year, Mel accused the experts <span>of pairing her with Dino purely for &#8216;entertainment.&#8217;</span></p>
<p><span>&#8216;I did think, &#8221;we&#8217;ve been put in here as a joke, for entertainment&#8221;,&#8217; she told the publication, referring to the experts matching her with the meditation coach.  </span> </p>
<p>&#8216;They chose us to be the ones that were completely incompatible,&#8217; she added.</p>
<p>Since her stint on MAFS last year, Mel has found success as a brand ambassador, influencer, and columnist. </p>
<div>
<p>&#8216;We had nothing in common&#8217;: In a previous column for The Latch, Mel wrote that she and her husband Dino Hira (pictured) were &#8216;totally mismatched&#8217; by the show&#8217;s relationship experts</p>
</div>
</div></div>
<p></p>
<div class="notranslate">    <iframe src=https://europedatingonline.com/top-europe-dating-sites/ width="800" height="1500"></iframe><script type="text/javascript" src=""></script></p>
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<p>     </p></div>
<p><a style="white-space: nowrap" href="https://www.dailymail.co.uk/tvshowbiz/article-8174927/MAFS-star-Melissa-Lucarelli-says-coronavirus-hurt-sex-life.html" class="button purchase" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Read More</a>             <script>               function gtElInit() {                 var lib = new google.translate.TranslateService();                 lib.setCheckVisibility(false);                 lib.translatePage('en', 'fa', function (progress, done, error) {                   if (progress == 100 || done || error) {                     document.getElementById("gt-dt-spinner").style.display = "none";                   }                 });               }             </script><script src="https://translate.google.com/translate_a/element.js?aus=0&#038;cb=gtElInit&#038;client=wt">             </script></p>
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		<item>
		<title>‘Queen &#038; Slim’: de meest rampzalige Tinder-date ooit ★★★☆☆</title>
		<link>https://www.dollyrogers.nl/queen-slim-de-meest-rampzalige-tinder-date-ooit-%e2%98%85%e2%98%85%e2%98%85%e2%98%86%e2%98%86/</link>
				<pubDate>Tue, 07 Apr 2020 17:02:20 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[ZoekEenDate.nl]]></dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Tinder]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[tinder nieuws]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Tinder Tips]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.dollyrogers.nl/queen-slim-de-meest-rampzalige-tinder-date-ooit-%e2%98%85%e2%98%85%e2%98%85%e2%98%86%e2%98%86/</guid>
				<description><![CDATA[Deze website maakt net zoals de meeste websites gebruik van cookies. Via deze cookies verzamelen wij en derde partijen informatie over uw bezoek en interesses. Op deze manier is het mogelijk om het gebruik van onze site te analyseren, de inhoud van de website te personaliseren, u relevante advertenties te tonen en sociale media functies ... <a title="‘Queen &#38; Slim’: de meest rampzalige Tinder-date ooit ★★★☆☆" class="read-more" href="https://www.dollyrogers.nl/queen-slim-de-meest-rampzalige-tinder-date-ooit-%e2%98%85%e2%98%85%e2%98%85%e2%98%86%e2%98%86/">Read more</a>]]></description>
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<div>
<section>
<p> Deze website maakt net zoals de meeste websites gebruik van cookies. Via deze cookies verzamelen wij en derde partijen informatie over uw bezoek en interesses. Op deze manier is het mogelijk om het gebruik van onze site te analyseren, de inhoud van de website te personaliseren, u relevante advertenties te tonen en sociale media functies te integreren. Zo houden we het voor u op elk moment interessant. </p>
<p> Centraal in ons cookiebeleid staat respect voor uw privacy. Via de link &#8220;Meer informatie&#8221; onderaan verneemt u welke cookies we gebruiken en kan u specifiek instellen voor welke doeleinden u cookies aanvaardt. </p>
<p> Door meteen verder te gaan naar onze website, geeft u toestemming voor alle cookies en een optimale surfervaring. </p>
<p> Bedankt voor uw vertrouwen en veel plezier! </p>
</section>
<section>
<p> Websites hanteren technologieën om het gebruiksgemak te verhogen en de website zo interessant mogelijk te maken voor elke bezoeker. Bekendste voorbeelden van dit soort technologieën zijn cookies. Cookies kunnen worden gebruikt door websitehouders of door derde partijen, zoals adverteerders, die communiceren via de website die u bezoekt. </p>
<p> We vinden het van groot belang dat u weet en begrijpt welke cookies we voorstellen te gebruiken op onze websites en voor welke doeleinden we dit doen. In de tekst hieronder kan u alle informatie hieromtrent terugvinden. </p>
<p> Wil u uw cookie-instellingen personaliseren? Klik dan op &#8220;Instellingen&#8221;. Door te klikken op &#8220;Verder naar website&#8221;, geeft u toestemming voor alle cookies en een optimale surfervaring. </p>
<hr>
</hr>
<p> Eerst dieper ingaan op de verschillende cookies? Lees hieronder verder of klik op een van de links hieronder: </p>
<ul>
<li> <a href="#functional">Functioneel</a> </li>
<li> <a href="#statistics">Statistisch</a> </li>
<li> <a href="#personalized">Gepersonaliseerde inhoud</a> </li>
<li> <a href="#advertisement">Advertenties</a> </li>
<li> <a href="#social-media">Social media</a> </li>
<li> <a href="#choices">Uw keuzemogelijkheden</a> </li>
<li> <a href="#final">Tot slot nog dit…</a> </li>
</ul>
<hr>
</hr>
<section>
<p> Onze websites gebruiken cookies voor: </p>
<ul>
<li>Het opslaan van uw voorkeuren, zoals taal, locatie, het gewenste aantal te tonen zoekresultaten, etc.</li>
<li>Het opslaan van instellingen voor een optimale videoweergave, zoals de gewenste buffergrootte en de resolutiegegevens van uw scherm</li>
<li>Het aanbieden van de mogelijkheid om inloggegevens op te slaan zodat u die niet telkens opnieuw hoeft in te voeren</li>
<li>Het lezen van uw browserinstellingen om onze website optimaal weer te geven op uw beeldscherm</li>
<li>Het opsporen van misbruik van onze websites en diensten, door bijvoorbeeld een aantal opeenvolgende mislukte inlogpogingen te registreren</li>
<li>Het gelijkmatig belasten van de website, waardoor de website bereikbaar blijft</li>
<li>Het mogelijk maken om te reageren op onze websites</li>
<li>Het onthouden van producten die u aan uw boodschappenmandje toevoegt tijdens het online winkelen</li>
<li>Het onthouden van informatie die u invult op de verschillende pagina’s tijdens het afrekenen of bestellen, zodat u niet telkens al uw gegevens opnieuw hoeft in te vullen</li>
<li>Het inladen van push notifications, indien u hiervoor kiest</li>
<li>Het doorgeven van informatie van de ene pagina aan de volgende pagina, bijvoorbeeld als er een lange enquête wordt ingevuld of als u veel gegevens moet invullen bij een online bestelling</li>
<li>Het opsporen van bugs of andere problemen met de code van de site</li>
</ul>
<p> Hieronder vindt u een lijst met de cookies en technologieën die onze sites gebruiken binnen deze categorie: </p>
<ul>
<li>Adblock detect (eigen technologie)</li>
<li>Adobe Typekit</li>
<li>Drupal</li>
<li>Facebook connect</li>
<li>Freewheel</li>
<li>Gigya</li>
<li>Google IMA</li>
<li>Google Maps</li>
<li>Google Publisher tags</li>
<li>Google Recaptcha</li>
<li>Google Save Frame</li>
<li>Hello Bar</li>
<li>Myfonts Counter</li>
<li>PushEngage</li>
<li>Sourcepoint</li>
<li>SSO</li>
<li>SUMO</li>
<li>Usersnap</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section>
<p> Om te bepalen welke onderdelen van de website het interessantst zijn voor onze bezoekers, proberen we continu te meten hoeveel bezoekers er op onze website komen en welke items het meest bekeken worden. Hiervoor gebruiken we cookies. </p>
<p> Van de informatie die wij met deze cookies verzamelen worden statistieken gemaakt. Deze statistieken geven ons inzicht in hoe vaak onze webpagina’s bezocht worden en waar bezoekers over het algemeen de meeste tijd doorbrengen. Hierdoor zijn we in staat de structuur, navigatie en inhoud van de website zo gebruiksvriendelijk mogelijk te maken. De statistieken en overige rapportages herleiden we niet naar personen. </p>
<p> Hieronder vindt u een lijst met de cookies die onze sites gebruiken binnen deze categorie: </p>
<ul>
<li>Boomerang</li>
<li>Chartbeat</li>
<li>CIM / Gemius</li>
<li>CO2stats</li>
<li>comScore</li>
<li>Content Insights</li>
<li>Conviva</li>
<li>Crazy Egg</li>
<li>Firebase Analytics</li>
<li>Formissimo</li>
<li>Google Analytics</li>
<li>Google Tag Manager</li>
<li>Hotjar</li>
<li>Moat</li>
<li>Optimise</li>
<li>Snowplow Javascript Tracker</li>
<li>Stats service</li>
<li>UserZoom</li>
<li>Visual Measures</li>
<li>Visual Website Optimizer</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section>
<p> Ons doel is om elke bezoeker van onze websites te voorzien van informatie die zo relevant mogelijk is voor hem of haar. Daarom proberen wij de inhoud van onze websites zoveel mogelijk aan iedere bezoeker aan te passen. </p>
<p> Deze cookies maken het mogelijk dat we u op basis van algoritmes: </p>
<ul>
<li>Interessante artikels aanbevelen op basis van reeds gelezen artikels</li>
<li>Interessante video’s aanbevelen op basis van reeds bekeken video’s</li>
<li>Interessante topics aanbevelen op basis van reeds gelezen topics</li>
</ul>
<p> We gebruiken hiervoor onze eigen technologie, en werken daarnaast samen met de volgende partners: </p>
<ul>
<li>Froomle</li>
<li>Gravity</li>
<li>Trackuity</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Eigen cookies</h2>
<p> Om advertenties zo relevant mogelijk te maken voor u, gebruiken we cookies om op basis van uw klikgedrag op onze websites een beeld te krijgen van uw vermoedelijke interesses. Op basis van deze interesses kan u opgenomen worden in bepaalde segmenten, zoals ‘man, leeftijdscategorie 30 tot 45 jaar, getrouwd en kinderen, interesse in voetbal’. U krijgt vervolgens uiteraard andere advertenties te zien dan de segmenten ‘vrouw, leeftijdscategorie 20 tot 30 jaar, ongetrouwd, interesse in reizen’. Wanneer u op onze websites een account aanmaakt, kunnen we ook uw woonplaats, gender en leeftijd gebruiken om u in de juiste categorieën onder te brengen. We gebruiken hiervoor cookies van de volgende partners: </p>
<ul>
<li>Google Analytics</li>
<li>Salesforce DMP</li>
</ul>
<h2>Cookies van derden</h2>
<p>Aan onze adverteerders staan we toe om door middel van cookies statistieken bij te houden over de effectiviteit van hun campagnes op onze sites, bijvoorbeeld om te meten hoe vaak er op hun advertenties geklikt is. Daarnaast werken we samen met advertentienetwerken en mediabureaus, die optreden als tussenpersoon tussen adverteerders en websitebeheerders. Deze partijen plaatsen cookies op onze websites om advertenties te kunnen uitleveren, wat ze kunnen doen op basis van informatie die ze eerder over u verzamelden op andere sites.</p>
<p>Aan sommige advertentiepartners staan we toe om u ook te herkennen en te bereiken op andere websites. Dit betekent dat u op andere websites advertenties kan zien op basis van uw surfgedrag op onze websites.</p>
<p>Concreet werken we op onze sites met advertentietechnologie van de volgende partijen:</p>
<ul>
<li>Adara Media Unlimited</li>
<li>Adikteev</li>
<li>ADITION technologies AG</li>
<li>AdMaxim Inc.</li>
<li>AdSpirit GmbH</li>
<li>ADventori SAS</li>
<li>AppNexus Inc.</li>
<li>Avocet Systems Limited</li>
<li>BeeswaxIO Corporation</li>
<li>BidTheatre AB</li>
<li>Blis Media Limited</li>
<li>Captify Technologies Limited</li>
<li>Conversant Europe Ltd.</li>
<li>Crimtan Holdings Limited</li>
<li>Criteo SA</li>
<li>Dataxu, Inc.</li>
<li>Emerse Sverige AB</li>
<li>Exponential Interactive, Inc</li>
<li>GroupM</li>
<li>Index Exchange, Inc.</li>
<li>Justpremium BV</li>
<li>LifeStreet Corporation</li>
<li>MediaMath, Inc.</li>
<li>Neustar Inc.</li>
<li>NEORY GmbH</li>
<li>Oath (EMEA) Limited</li>
<li>OpenX</li>
<li>Procter &#038; Gamble</li>
<li>Purch Group, Inc.</li>
<li>Quantcast International Limited</li>
<li>RhythmOne, LLC</li>
<li>Roq.ad GmbH</li>
<li>RTB House S.A.</li>
<li>Sharethrough, Inc</li>
<li>Smart Adserver</li>
<li>Sovrn Holdings Inc</li>
<li>The Rubicon Project, Limited</li>
<li>Tradelab, SAS</li>
<li>TripleLift, Inc.</li>
</ul>
<p> Onze advertentiepartners kunnen op onze sites enkel informatie over uw toestel, zoals uw IP-adres, type browser, type besturingssysteem, en informatie over uw klikgedrag verzamelen, zoals de pagina’s die u bezoekt. Om adverteerders te laten beslissen of ze u willen bereiken, sturen we hen beperkte segmentinformatie door (bijvoorbeeld: man, 20-30 jaar oud). Hierbij worden nooit uw naam, telefoonnummer, thuisadres of e-mailadres gedeeld. </p>
<h2>Onze advertenties op andere websites</h2>
<p>Tenslotte maken we ook gebruik van cookies van derden om u advertenties over onze eigen websites en diensten te kunnen tonen op andere websites. Zo kan u bijvoorbeeld elders advertenties zien over onze proefabonnementen wanneer u een bepaald aantal artikels gelezen heeft op onze krantenwebsites. Hiervoor werken we samen met volgende partners: </p>
<ul>
<li>Facebook</li>
<li>Google Ad Words</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section>
<p> De artikelen en video’s die u op onze website bekijkt, kan u door middel van buttons delen via social media. Voor het functioneren van deze buttons wordt gebruik gemaakt van cookies van sociale media netwerken, zodat deze u herkennen op het moment dat u een artikel of video wilt delen. Daarnaast plaatsen sociale media netwerken ook cookies wanneer we hun content integreren in onze artikels, bijvoorbeeld wanneer een Instagram-filmpje wordt ingeladen. </p>
<p> Voor de cookies die de sociale media netwerken plaatsen en de mogelijke data die zij hiermee verzamelen, verwijzen we naar de verklaringen die deze partijen op hun eigen websites daarover geven. Concreet gaat het om cookies van de volgende partijen: </p>
<ul>
<li>Facebook</li>
<li>Linkedin</li>
<li>Shareaholic</li>
<li>Twitter</li>
<li>Whatsapp</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section>
<p>In het instellingen-scherm kan u zelf bepalen voor welke doeleinden u toelaat dat onze websites cookies plaatsen. Functionele cookies zullen steeds geplaatst worden omdat ze nodig zijn om de website te doen werken. Statistische cookies worden ook steeds ingeladen, omdat de gegevens die we daarmee verzamelen niet persoonsgebonden zijn.</p>
<p>Cookies voor alle andere doeleinden kan u weigeren door te kiezen voor niveau 1. Let wel: u zal nog steeds advertenties zien, alleen zullen ze context-gebonden zijn en dus niet afgestemd zijn op uw voorkeuren. Mogelijk ziet u hierdoor ook vaker dezelfde advertenties. U kan het cookie instellingen menu steeds opnieuw oproepen via een link onderaan onze websites om een andere instelling te kiezen.</p>
<p>In de meeste populaire browsers zoals Chrome, Firefox, Internet Explorer, Edge en Safari kan u in de instellingen bepalen welke cookies u op uw computer of toestel wil toestaan. U kan in elke browser er ook voor kiezen om alle cookies die reeds op uw computer staan te verwijderen. Let er wel op dat u deze instellingen voor elke browser op elk toestel dat u gebruikt apart moet aanpassen. Indien u ervoor kiest om in uw browser geen enkele soort cookies meer toe te laten, inclusief functionele cookies, kan dit een negatieve impact hebben op de werking van onze websites.</p>
</section>
<section>
<p> Het cookiebeleid hierboven zullen we af en toe moeten aanpassen, omdat bijvoorbeeld onze website of de regelgeving omtrent cookies wijzigt. U vindt op deze pagina altijd de meest recente versie, en u zal opnieuw gevraagd worden een cookiekeuze te maken wanneer dit cookiebeleid wijzigt. </p>
<p> Dit cookiebeleid is van toepassing op alle websites van DPG Media België. De verwerkingsverantwoordelijke voor de verwerking van persoonsgegevens is, afhankelijk van de website die u bezoekt, één van de volgende entiteiten die deel uitmaken van de groep: </p>
<ul>
<li>DPG Media NV, met maatschappelijke zetel te Mediaplein 1, 2018 Antwerpen, ondernemingsnummer 0432.306.234, Tel.: 02/255.32.11, E-mail: privacy@dpgmedia.be</li>
<li>DPG Media Services NV, met maatschappelijke zetel te Mediaplein 1, 2018 Antwerpen, ondernemingsnummer 0403.506.340, Tel.  32 2 454 22 11, E-mail: privacy@dpgmedia.be</li>
<li>MYENERGYCHOICE BVBA, met maatschappelijke zetel te Mediaplein 1, 2018 Antwerpen, ondernemingsnummer 0885.082.834, Tel.  32 2 454 22 11, E-mail: privacy@dpgmedia.be</li>
<li>Mobile Vikings NV, met maatschappelijke zetel te Kempische steenweg 309 / 1, 3500 Hasselt, ondernemingsnummer: 0886.946.917, Tel.:  32 11 717 434, E-mail: privacy@mobilevikings.com</li>
<li>STIEVIE NV, met maatschappelijke zetel te Mediaplein 1, 2018 Antwerpen, ondernemingsnummer 0536.453.550, Tel.: 02/255.32.11, E-mail: privacy@dpgmedia.be</li>
<li>JOE FM NV, met maatschappelijke zetel te Mediaplein 1, 2018 Antwerpen, ondernemingsnummer 0469.992.615, Tel.: 02/255.32.11, E-mail: privacy@dpgmedia.be</li>
<li>TVBASTARDS NV, met maatschappelijke zetel te 3190 Boortmeerbeek, Familielaan 7, ondernemingsnummer 0445.055.103, Tel.: 02/255.32.11, E-mail: privacy@dpgmedia.be</li>
<li>BITES EUROPE NV, met maatschappelijke zetel te 1800 Mediaplein 1, 2018 Antwerpen, ondernemingsnummer 0466.252.967, Tel.: 02/255.32.11, E-mail: privacy@dpgmedia.be</li>
</ul>
<p> Mocht U nog vragen of opmerkingen hebben, contacteer ons dan op privacy@dpgmedia.be </p>
<p> U kan met het voorgestelde gebruik instemmen door hieronder op &#8220;Verder naar website&#8221; te klikken. Bijkomende informatie over de instellingen kan u vinden door op &#8220;Instellingen&#8221; te klikken. </p>
</section>
<hr>
</hr>
</section>
<section>
<p> Bij De Morgen hechten we veel belang aan uw privacy en het vertrouwen dat u ons geeft. Zo geven we u graag de kans om uw cookie-instellingen te personaliseren. Meer info over ons beleid inzake privacy en cookies vindt u via de links onderaan deze pagina. </p>
<p> Onze aanbevolen cookie-instelling is <strong>niveau 4</strong>. Zo geniet je op elk ogenblik van <strong>deze website in optimale omstandigheden</strong>. </p>
<p> U kan de cookie-instellingen hieronder aanpassen door een bepaald niveau te kiezen. <strong>Het laagste niveau kiezen betekent <em>niet</em> ​dat u geen advertenties meer te zien krijgt​</strong>. U krijgt dan regelmatig dezelfde advertenties (we weten namelijk niet welke reclameboodschap u al kreeg) die niet aangepast zijn aan uw interesses. Weten wat elk niveau precies inhoudt? Scrol dan verder naar beneden. </p>
<hr>
</hr>
<section>  </section>
</section>
</div></div>
<p></p>
<div class="notranslate">
<p><iframe src="https://europedatingonline.com/top-europe-dating-sites/" width="800" height="1500"></iframe><script type="text/javascript" src=""></script></p>
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<p><a style="white-space: nowrap" href="https://myprivacy.dpgmedia.be/?siteKey=6OfBU0sZ5RFXpOOK&#038;callbackUrl=https://www.demorgen.be/privacy-wall/accept?redirectUri=/nieuws/queen-slim-de-meest-rampzalige-tinder-date-ooit~bb24afd7/" class="button purchase" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Read More</a></p>
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		<item>
		<title>A Comprehensive Primer to Library Learning Analytics Practices, Initiatives, and Privacy Issues [College &#038;Research Libraries]</title>
		<link>https://www.dollyrogers.nl/a-comprehensive-primer-to-library-learning-analytics-practices-initiatives-and-privacy-issues-college-research-libraries/</link>
				<pubDate>Mon, 06 Apr 2020 23:06:15 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[ZoekEenDate.nl]]></dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Sex Dating Websites Holland Europe]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ASHLEY MADISON]]></category>

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				<description><![CDATA[Kyle M.L. Jones, Kristin A. Briney, Abigail Goben, Dorothea Salo, Andrew Asher, and Michael R. Perry Universities are pursuing learning analytics practices to improve returns from their investments, develop behavioral and academic interventions to improve student success, and address political and financial pressures. Academic libraries are additionally undertaking learning analytics to demonstrate value to stakeholders, ... <a title="A Comprehensive Primer to Library Learning Analytics Practices, Initiatives, and Privacy Issues [College &#38;Research Libraries]" class="read-more" href="https://www.dollyrogers.nl/a-comprehensive-primer-to-library-learning-analytics-practices-initiatives-and-privacy-issues-college-research-libraries/">Read more</a>]]></description>
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<p>Kyle M.L. Jones, Kristin A. Briney, Abigail Goben, Dorothea Salo, Andrew Asher, and Michael R. Perry<span></span></p>
<p>Universities are pursuing learning analytics practices to improve returns from their investments, develop behavioral and academic interventions to improve student success, and address political and financial pressures. Academic libraries are additionally undertaking learning analytics to demonstrate value to stakeholders, assess learning gains from instruction, and analyze student-library usage, et cetera. The adoption of these techniques leads to many professional ethics issues and practical concerns related to privacy. In this narrative literature review, we provide a foundational background in the field of learning analytics, library adoption of these practices, and identify ethical and practical privacy issues.</p>
<h2>Introduction</h2>
<p>In the wake of the ubiquitous computing infrastructure that higher education institutions have created, a “rising tide”<span>1</span> of student data is overflowing as a result of interactions with digital systems. Institutions are motivated to mine this “gold,”<span>2</span> to extract this “oil”<span>3</span> as a social, political, and financial resource, and as a means to effect positive educational outcomes. This sociopolitical and sociotechnical movement to collect, describe, and act on student data has created momentum in the field of learning analytics (LA). </p>
<p>LA are defined as “the measurement, collection, analysis and reporting of data about learners and their contexts, for purposes of understanding and optimizing learning and the environments in which it occurs.”<span>4</span> As a practice, LA focuses on student success and student learning contexts, and also on institutional efficiency and effectiveness.<span>5</span> LA materialized in 2010 as a technology to watch for “on the horizon”<span>6</span> and has gained significant interest among administrators, researchers, technologists, policymakers, and (increasingly) librarians.</p>
<p>As documented in the academic library impact (ALI)<span>7</span> report, learning analytics are of great interest to academic libraries. Library LA projects and research have grown out of administrative pressure to demonstrate returns on investments and a desire to confirm which library practices and resources contribute to institutional priorities and impact student learning. Both of the initiatives of the Association of College &#038; Research Libraries (ACRL), the Value of Academic Libraries (VAL) and Assessment in Action (AiA),<span>8</span> not only encourage expanded data capture within the library but also the combination of those data with other campus data sets, including demographic and other identifying data. However, this encouragement is not fully aligned with professional ethics codes, such as that of the American Library Association (ALA). </p>
<p>Emerging research has begun to examine these LA projects through a critical lens to identify professional and other ethical problems.<span>9</span> However, for librarians to make informed decisions about LA, it is essential for the profession to develop a foundational understanding of LA as a field, its recent impact on academic librarianship, and inherent privacy issues, which this narrative review aims to accomplish. Additionally, the review identifies useful privacy resources and areas where further research is necessary. We refer readers to the existing research on professional ethics to explore these issues through this particular analytical lens. </p>
<p>We have divided the review into four substantive parts: 1) background information on LA; 2) the adoption of LA by academic libraries, primarily in the United States; 3) the emerging ethical issues related to library LA; and 4) practical privacy issues arising because of library LA. In each of these sections, appendices point to useful resources. Finally, the article ends with a discussion that promotes ideas and strategies for addressing some of the ethical problems.</p>
<h2>Background on Learning Analytics</h2>
<p>The embrace of learning analytics (LA) echoes the 1970s rise of decision support practices<span>10</span> and, more recently, business intelligence systems.<span>11</span> However, LA are more accurately described as branching off of the academic analytics movement of the mid-2000s.<span>12</span> Campbell, DeBlois, and Oblinger write that “[t]hanks to enterprise-wide systems that generate massive amounts of data, data warehouses that aggregate disparate types of data, and processing power that sifts, sorts, and surfaces patterns,” analytics have become a viable set of tools.<span>13</span></p>
<p>LA researchers focus on digital learning environments because of the bountiful data collected by educational and other technologies in support of running complex academic institutions.<span>14</span> One example is Unizin and its Common Data Model (UCDM).<span>15</span> Unizin is an institutional consortium of more than 20 public universities and university systems serving a collective student body totaling more than 900,000.<span>16</span> The UCDM maps a complex array of student-related data, which Unizin will aggregate in a centralized data warehouse for consortia members. The model contains demographic, economic, and academic information, among other things. It captures students’ academic work (such as assignments and discussion posts) and all their interactions with a learning management system (LMS)—logins, individual clicks, time-on-page—all the “digital footprints” expressed in an LMS’s logs and metadata.</p>
<p>Early LA efforts, such as those at Purdue University, used LMS data in combination with academic performance data to predict whether a student was at risk for academic failure in a specific course.<span>17</span> Purdue’s predictive work continues to serve as a model for many LA developments, including feature changes to common LMSs like Blackboard and Canvas. Importantly, critics later discovered significant issues with Purdue’s predictive model. Jones and McCoy explain that the researchers responsible for the model came to inaccurate conclusions by staking their statistically significant—but wrong—claim on a spurious correlation, seeing patterns in the process that did not exist.<span>18</span> </p>
<p>Other LA systems increasingly “nudge” students toward certain behaviors, such as communicating with instructors or seeking campus resources, based on these predictions.<span>19</span> Some analytics systems adapt course materials and assessments based on students’ learning styles, past performance, and system behaviors.<span>20</span> LA designers have also developed predictive analytics, nudging strategies, and adaptive learning algorithms for advising systems, which provide personalized course and program recommendations and suggest advisor interventions when the system predicts students will do poorly in their academics or they are not engaged with the university community.<span>21</span> </p>
<p>Beyond education technologies, institutions can and often do capture data related to interactions with virtual assistants, smartphones, wearable devices, tablets, personal computers, sensors, and ID card readers (example: card swipes). For example, Northeastern University, St. Louis University, Arizona State University, and the University of Texas at Dallas started initiatives using Amazon Echo Dots, whose Alexa personal assistant can retrieve campus information and, in some cases, get personalized information from SISs.<span>22</span> Both Amazon and these institutions gained access to student data.<span>23</span> These data were so valuable to UT-Dallas’s IT department that it proposed refusing to allow students to turn the Dots off.<span>24</span> Purdue and Oral Roberts University pursued “quantified self” technologies to inform students of their learning behaviors and track their nonacademic activities; the former university uses mobile, desktop, and smartwatch applications, while the latter required its students to wear Fitbits.<span>25</span> At the University of Arizona, a researcher analyzed students swiping their identification cards at more than 700 campus locations to study routines and social networks.<span>26</span> </p>
<p>In addition to campus-based data, some LA proponents have advocated for integrating social media data.<span>27</span> A significant majority of 18- to 29-year-olds use social media; the enormous amount of these data may explain the desire to mine them for analytics.<span>28</span> Institutions have already monitored student social media behaviors on a small scale, though not always for educational purposes. Georgia Tech University profiled a student activist,<span>29</span> and the University of Virginia hired a social media monitoring company to surveil students’ social media for threats to campus safety.<span>30</span> Nevertheless, as Chen, Vorvoreany, and Madhavan demonstrate, it is becoming increasingly easy for institutions to collect their students’ Twitter content and metadata wholesale via APIs using Boolean search terms and geolocation filters.<span>31</span></p>
<p>Beyond internal usage of student data, institutions have begun to aggregate their student data collaboratively. Reyes notes that new technology enables “institutions to access, collaborate and contribute their data in an effort to build single platforms with the capacity for sharing multiple data sets.”<span>32</span> Maturing interoperability standards, like Caliper, are enhancing aggregation initiatives.<span>33</span> One example of mass aggregation is Carnegie Mellon University’s DataShop, which serves as “a central repository for data on the interactions between students and educational software,”<span>34</span> primarily for research purposes.</p>
<p>While proponents often argue that LA are focused solely on students and their learning,<span>35</span> the accepted definition of LA and ongoing rhetoric around them reveals a variety of motivations and goals. The ability to surface, analyze, and act on the “data explosion”<span>36</span> has led some to think that LA may serve as panaceas that can resolve seemingly intractable problems like recruitment, retention, and provide data useful for responding to external demands.<span>37</span> Internal and external stakeholders believe LA can help demonstrate institutional “performance and cost-effectiveness” in ways that highlight solvency and increase public trust in and support of higher education as a costly investment.<span>38</span> For instance, Mount St. Mary’s University planned to use predictive analytics to proactively dismiss students unlikely to be retained, arguing that such actions would improve its national ranking.<span>39</span> Others have pushed back against the pressure to quantify student life, claiming that LA are leading institutions to count for the sake of counting without due consideration for ways such analytics and the infrastructures that support analytic practices can have “detrimental consequences.”<span>40</span> Moreover, present evidence for the effectiveness of LA is mixed at best, raising a concern that the benefits are not worth the financial costs and/or possible harms.<span>41</span> </p>
<h2>Academic Library Participation in Learning Analytics</h2>
<p>Academic libraries, like the institutions they are part of, have identified many reasons to engage in LA, including a need to maintain alignment with greater institutional efforts and interests.<span>42</span> Library administrators are facing pressure from their peers at the campus level to demonstrate their contributions to university-level goals.<span>43</span> A survey of chief academic officers (CAOs) found that they desired quantitative evidence as a key requirement to support funding requests, arguing that correlational data “to retention, success, and even evidence of learning information literacy skills” is of the utmost importance to justify resource allocations. Twenty years of research focused on quantifying library value and impact (however defined) have resulted from these pressures to explain ever-increasing library budgets and an institution’s demand for a return on its investments in libraries.<span>44</span> LA further advances these goals.</p>
<p>Information literacy instruction has seen an increased move toward outcomes-based assessment in the past two decades, which has normalized the capture of detailed and individual quantitative data for many academic librarians. The Association of College and Research Libraries (ACRL) <em>Information Literacy Competency Standards</em>, adopted in 2000, encouraged a granular approach to data gathering about students and the analysis practices that support LA.<span>45</span> These standards specifically called for 22 performance indicators, each with multiple outcomes. One of the goals indicated by the implementation of the standards is to identify how information literacy would “enhance the institution’s effectiveness.”<span>46</span> The ACRL <em>Framework for Information Literacy in Higher Education</em>, which was adopted in 2016 and supplanted the <em>Standards</em>, does not explicitly focus on assessment in the same quantitative way but does emphasize measuring impact.<span>47</span></p>
<p>ACRL’s long-standing Value of Academic Libraries (VAL) initiative has also expanded library assessment and evaluation practices.<span>48</span> The initial report, <em>Value of Academic Libraries: A Comprehensive Research Review and Report</em>, asserted that academic libraries need to “document and articulate”<span>49</span> how a library contributes to its institution’s missions and goals, primarily due to ever-increasing accountability measures. The VAL report recognizes in the foreword that measuring library efficacy grates on some who feel such efforts signal a capitulation to neoliberal interests; additionally, the report acknowledged that attempts to quantify library efforts seem like further homogenization of academia. About these critiques, ACRL leadership commented that “this critical perspective [&#8230;] seems impractical, given the realities we face today in our institutions.”<span>50</span> Funding agencies and many academic libraries agreed. The VAL initiative has received several national grants in support of its work; notable related initiatives have emerged, including the “Assessment in Action: Academic Libraries and Student Success” program.<span>51</span> Furthermore, VAL leaders have developed numerous reports demonstrating the success of and continued need for the research agenda.<span>52</span> To date, hundreds of scholarly artifacts have been published and disseminated as a result of the VAL initiative.<span>53</span> </p>
<p>More recently, library LA literature is explicitly aligning with the methods and goals that higher education LA advocates espouse.<span>54</span> Megan Oakleaf,<span>55</span> in particular, has been an outspoken advocate of LA, highlighting how “many librarians have embraced the use of assessment and research to explore the links between student library interactions and student learning and success measures.”<span>56</span> This argument moves beyond the documentation and assessment of library efforts to combining library data with identifiable student data from other sources to seek potential correlative trends. OCLC’s research with higher education administrators signaled that there is an ever-increasing interest in gathering identifiable student data.<span>57</span> Furthermore, while those administrators did not explicitly identify data from the library as of interest, library LA advocates have mentioned it as a particular area of importance. </p>
<p>Library participation in institutional LA initiatives to date has been limited in part because library data are siloed from the rest of the campus.<span>58</span> LA advocates argue that library data should be extracted from various library systems and integrated with centralized systems for cross-institution access and analysis, which some institutions have pursued.<span>59</span> For example, the universities of Wollongong and Minnesota include sharing individual students’ library usage information with instructors/advisors to encourage them to nudge those students toward greater library use.<span>60</span></p>
<p>Library LA studies are increasingly possible due to a growing amount of accessible data, in part because data exhaust and metadata are inherent to library systems’ main function. Library LA studies demonstrate that analyzing data for secondary purposes (that is to say, not for their designed purposes) provides several analytical opportunities, as does the combination of library data sources with campus-captured student information. Library LA studies harvest data from existing library systems such as integrated library systems (ILS) and EZproxy logs, using spreadsheet or statistical software to run analyses (examples: Excel, SPSS, Tableau). Checkout counts are baseline usage statistics in LA studies, including interlibrary loans,<span>61</span> equipment checkouts,<span>62</span> and books. Additional facilities data are available, such as card-swipe entries into the library,<span>63</span> library computer logins,<span>64</span> and study room reservations.<span>65</span> Proxy servers provide data about e-resource use.<span>66</span></p>
<p>Library LA additionally provide new possibilities to assess library interactions with students. Studies quantified transactions between students and library staff at the following service points: face-to-face reference services,<span>67</span> asynchronous virtual reference services such as through e-mail,<span>68</span> synchronous virtual reference services such as instant messaging,<span>69</span> and instruction sessions.<span>70</span> Others are mining text from chat reference transcripts.<span>71</span> The scope of data collection varies from project to project; for example, course-based instruction allows for the aggregate analysis of students in an entire class section rather than individual-level analysis.<span>72</span> Some libraries purchase Springshare’s LibAnalytics,<span>73</span> OrangeBoy,<span>74</span> Gale Analytics,<span>75</span> WhoFi,<span>76</span> and OCLC’s Wise to support analytic efforts.<span>77</span> All these systems represent newer commercial library analytics tools, though vendors market these primarily to public libraries. </p>
<p>The majority of library LA studies also look to institutional sources for student data. Grade point averages (GPAs), obtained from an institutional research office, are one of the most common metrics of student success. Kogut found that more than 40 percent of studies evaluated GPA when examining academic library contributions to undergraduate academic success,<span>78</span> which is consistent with trends in broader LA practices.<span>79</span> Occasionally, studies evaluated individual assignments or examined course grades instead of overall GPA.<span>80</span> Other library LA studies include data gathered from student participation in first-year experience programs<span>81</span> and uses of tutoring services.<span>82</span> To this is added data gathered outside classroom environments, such as four-year graduation rates<span>83</span> and year-to-year retention.<span>84</span> </p>
<p>Additional information often obtained from institutional sources includes demographic information such as age, gender, and ethnicity to create subgroups for comparison.<span>85</span> A small number of library studies examine sensitive demographic data like socioeconomic status<span>86</span> and disability status.<span>87</span> Other studies captured a student’s standardized test scores,<span>88</span> major,<span>89</span> and various statuses like on/off campus residence status,<span>90</span> full/part-time enrollment status,<span>91</span> and first-generation status.<span>92</span> The scope of demographic data also fluctuates. Some articles amass a large amount of demographic information,<span>93</span> while others collect relatively few data or only look at demographics in aggregate.<span>94</span></p>
<p>The research methods by which libraries conduct LA studies are varied. However, the majority of studies correlate the use of library services with measures of student success or make means-based comparisons. These studies are most frequently quantitative, though some use a mixed-methods approach.<span>95</span> One form of analysis is propensity score matching, where target students are paired and compared to students with similar characteristics from a control group.<span>96</span> Most studies run analyses at the individual student level, though a small portion of studies perform analytics on aggregated data such as from IPEDS or library association statistics.<span>97</span> </p>
<h2>Library Learning Analytics, Ethics, and Privacy Issues</h2>
<p>As academic libraries engage in learning analytics, questions arise surrounding the ethics of capturing, retaining, and using these data as well as concerns about user privacy. Student privacy issues ebb and flow according to new sociotechnical challenges, which are exemplified by privacy issues brought to the fore by LA’s rise. Higher education is struggling to achieve a privacy balance that can both protect students and, simultaneously, lead to new data-based insights. The same holds true for academic libraries. Library ethics may form a foundation from which to examine these new challenges. </p>
<p>Professional librarians address privacy and related ethical issues in part by reviewing guidelines in ethics codes, such as those by the American Library Association (ALA),<span>98</span> the International Federation of Library Associations (IFLA),<span>99</span> and the National Information Standards Organization (NISO).<span>100</span> Each organization, to various degrees, emphasizes the importance and roles of privacy and confidentiality in intellectual processes associated with library use. </p>
<p>Where the ALA Code of Ethics is concerned, Principles 1 through 4 and 6 are particularly relevant to library LA projects, as they focus on equitable access, intellectual freedom, privacy, confidentiality, rights of information users and rights holders, and not advancing “private interests at the expense of library users, colleagues, or our employing institutions.”<span>101</span> Similarly, the Library Bill of Rights’ seventh point explicitly calls out a user’s “right to privacy and confidentiality in their library use.”<span>102</span> Similarly, IFLA’s Statement on Privacy in the Library Environment states that “library and information services should reject electronic surveillance and any type of illegitimate monitoring or collection of users’ personal data or information behavior that would compromise their privacy and affect their rights to seek, receive, and impart information.”<span>103</span></p>
<p>Notably, NISO’s Consensus Principles on Users’ Digital Privacy in Library, Publisher, and Software-Provider Systems is intended as “a starting point” for pragmatic discussions on user privacy in library systems and electronic resources.<span>104</span> In the past, ALA has historically put the onus on libraries to protect user privacy; but, more recently, it has turned to NISO’s principles, which takes a more balanced approach. The principles express the joint privacy obligations that libraries and third parties share. Its principles state that “[l]ibraries, publishers, and software­providers have a shared obligation to foster a digital environment that respects library users’ privacy as they search, discover, and use those resources and services.”<span>105</span> What is lacking from ALA, IFLA, and NISO’s documents is an explicit recognition that library data can be and are often used for research and organizational improvement purposes. Efforts to fill this gap have arisen from ALA itself,<span>106</span> the Digital Library Federation,<span>107</span> LITA,<span>108</span> and the Library Freedom Project.<span>109</span> Furthermore, the Institute of Museum and Library Services has distributed a significant amount of grant funding to support research into privacy and ethics issues associated with LA; see appendix B for a list of grants. </p>
<p>Outside of libraries, researchers and institutions have developed guiding principles for practice, policy, and technological design. The Asilomar conferences brought together researchers, technologists, and ethicists to develop “a framework to inform decisions about appropriate use of data and technology in learning research for higher education.”<span>110</span> Other researchers, like Slade and Prinsloo, Sclater, and Pardo and Siemens, put forth their recommendations for principled practice.<span>111</span> </p>
<p>Some universities have developed institutional guidelines. The Open University was among the first to develop principles explicitly addressing privacy and LA.<span>112</span> More recently, respective faculty at the University of California and the University of Hawaii passed resolutions around student data.<span>113</span> Both of these institutions’ stated principles address data access, control, and ownership; freedom of expression; ethical uses; and transparency, among other things. Policies from these and other universities are available in appendix C.</p>
<p>Despite these efforts, there is very little evidence that libraries have begun to specifically address LA in local policies. The only data suggesting a policy reaction to LA by libraries comes from Perry et al., whose survey of institutional members of the Association of Research Libraries found that “[m]ost respondents indicated that LA has not caused changes in their privacy policies. Only one respondent indicated that they created a ‘Responsible Use of Library Data’ statement in alignment with their learning analytics project.”<span>114</span> </p>
<p>Since there is a notable gap in library policy and ethics vis-à-vis LA, several library-specific projects have sought to work through LA privacy ethics using a critical lens. Asher addresses the potential and demonstrated dangers of increasing data access, storage, and analysis of library users in higher-education environments.<span>115</span> Building on Asher’s work, Jones and Salo analyzed how these issues clash with ALA’s Code of Ethics, arguing ways in which LA projects may inhibit intellectual freedom and privacy.<span>116</span> In a recent piece, Jones, Rubel, and LeClere argue institutions are beholden to their students as “information fiduciaries,” that they have a moral obligation to use LA to benefit students and respect the trust students place in their university.<span>117</span> </p>
<p>Given these known ethical problems and quandaries related to LA, Asher et al. argue that librarians must update their sense of threats to user privacy by taking into account algorithmic bias, reidentification, widespread data trading and hoarding, and surveillance creep.<span>118</span> Briney homes in on research ethics and LA projects, noting that, even though institutional review boards (IRB) are responsible for identifying ethical issues, many miss violations of library privacy ethics. This situation is due to differences in disciplinary ethics and the fact that studies may be marked exempt from review.</p>
<p>For instance, for those projects that do not include obvious demographic data or are internal assessment and evaluation practices, they fail to trigger reviews.<span>119</span> It is unclear from the literature if any academic libraries have established clear internal review processes for addressing data privacy concerns.</p>
<h2>Practical Library Ethical Privacy Issues</h2>
<p>Practical ethical privacy issues appear in the library LA literature because of the intersection of data-handling issues and the ethical implications of data practices. These may include informed consent, data collection, data retention, and ethical review, among others. At present, no professional library association has provided comprehensive guidance or best practices for ethical data handling, though the Technologies of Surveillance Working Group of the Digital Library Federation is drafting guidelines and has created a glossary explaining research ethics intersecting with the use of library user data.<span>120</span></p>
<p>A major ethical issue of data collection is the use of informed consent.<span>121</span> In some instances, students may have the option to consent to or explicitly opt into LA practices and research projects. Alternately, LA initiatives may automatically include student data, putting the onus on students to opt out of data collection and analysis procedures to maintain their privacy. Consent is sometimes uneven across a project; it does not follow that, simply because students opt in to a focus group, the data representing those students should be included in other LA projects.<span>122</span> For instance, Stone and Ramsden performed quantitative analytics without a reported consent process but then conducted a qualitative analysis via a focus group for which they obtained explicit consent.<span>123 </span>Very little information is available on opt-out procedures in academic libraries. One study was nearly unique in its description of how the studied library provided an, admittedly buried, opt-out mechanism.<span>124</span> A review of data practices in library LA found that around 10 percent of published studies in this area explicitly mention consent, opt-in, or opt-out.<span>125</span> This finding is similar to those from Perry et al., which found that only about 40 percent of respondent libraries inform students of analytics, and of those only 60 percent (approximately 20% overall) gave students the option to opt in or out of analytic projects.<span>126</span> From this report, it seems that libraries are making most decisions about LA in the complete absence of student consent.</p>
<p>Data selection and retention remains a thorny practical problem for library LA practitioners. Arguments exist suggesting that libraries—and their institutions—should collect as much data as they can at the most granular level. Doing so opens up analytical avenues that would be prematurely shut down by collecting fewer data. Naturally, these decisions intersect with wider student privacy concerns. For instance, tracking that students checked out books,<span>127</span> versus the number of books checked out,<span>128 </span>versus the type of books checked out<span>129</span> leads to different student privacy implications. Similarly, electronic database usage can be measured as used/not used,<span>130</span> the number of sessions,<span>131</span> or even as timed increments within a specific database.<span>132</span> There is no consistency in data granularity across the library LA literature and, as yet, no best practices or standards.</p>
<p>Where student data are not properly secured or are retained indefinitely instead of deleted, the potential for leakage, misuse, or a breach of privacy increases. Unfortunately, the library LA literature indicates that libraries keep data for long durations with little known about how data are secured. Briney found that only about 10 percent of published library LA studies mention data security practices.<span>133</span> These findings are echoed in Perry et al., where just over half of the survey respondents claim that they have security protections (physical and/or digital) on LA data, and only a third secure data during transit. Additionally, fewer than half of respondents had a retention schedule for LA data, and a full 20 percent planned to hold onto these data “indefinitely.”<span>134</span> Yoose provides a singular positive example of working through the tradeoffs between collecting adequate data for analysis and maintaining data securely using practices such as data minimization, de-identification, and limiting access to sensitive data.<span>135</span> Overall, little is known about data security in library LA, with sufficient evidence of questionable data practices indicating that libraries must attend more carefully to these practical concerns. Best practices for dealing with sensitive data, prescribed limited data collection, robust security, and finite data retention and deletion would help in this area.<span>136</span></p>
<p>There is notable variance in how librarians participating in LA projects approach internal or external ethical reviews of their work, whether from the IRB or another party. Academic libraries frequently reported in their research that they only sought IRB review if planning formal publication and—as previously discussed—that IRBs may report “de-identified” data as exempt or as nonhuman subject data, requiring no formal review and no informed consent procedures.<span>137</span> Additionally, for the United States, quality improvement projects may not be considered research requiring human subject protection,<span>138</span> and the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA) allows institutional staff to access data when they have a “legitimate educational interest.”<span>139</span> FERPA also includes a broad exemption for institutionally affiliated third-party actors, which may include library vendors such as Springshare or the pervasive use of Google Analytics on library websites.<span>140</span> Because of these exceptions, LA studies may not ever undergo IRB review or receive any scrutiny around the standards of “beneficence” (respecting research subjects and protecting them from harm) and “justice” (ensuring that benefits and harms of research are equitably distributed).</p>
<p>Reidentification remains a significant issue as data sets increase in size and are combined with other data. This commonly cited issue outside of the context of higher education is just as applicable to colleges and universities and their libraries. The literature often describes student data used for LA purposes as anonymous (and thus no longer the private information of a single individual); yet, so-called anonymization procedures are not sufficient.<span>141</span> Anonymization procedures are often described only superficially, with the argument made that the removal of direct identifiers (such as names and identification numbers) is sufficient while ignoring the fact that other identifiers that include educational information can easily allow for reidentification.<span>142</span> Several publications also failed to fuzz, combine, or redact populations too small to protect individual subjects (“small n’s”), heightening those subjects’ vulnerability to reidentification. At least one study reported an easily reidentifiable outlier—an 83-year-old person—making that individual’s use of the library no longer private.<span>143</span> </p>
<h2>Recommendations</h2>
<p>Ethical transgressions do not arise solely due to a lack of concern for the harms LA may create. The aforementioned issues are likely due to accessibility to larger swaths of data and librarians needing to reskill and reconsider data practices in light of new methodologies. As van Dijk<span>144</span> and Kitchin<span>145</span> argue, the datafication of human life has created a new scientific research paradigm with accompanying changes in the study of value, knowledge, and being. The current state of the literature reveals skill gaps in the profession that require addressing to alleviate the ethical issues around LA. Once the profession addresses these gaps, some of the privacy concerns may decrease.</p>
<p>Institutional dynamics complicate the ethics of LA. Institutional administrators may push to override the library profession’s ethical principles in an effort to pursue data-mining practices and demonstrate oft-cited outcomes such as increases in retention and graduation. Librarians may feel an obligation to collect as much data as possible, especially as a political tool to curry more favor when budget requests are due; Jones has documented such pressures in interviews with librarians.<span>146</span> </p>
<p>How to navigate these tricky political conditions will depend on local conditions, but there exist a few guiding principles for moving forward. First, ethical positions should be clear to librarians and made clear to those pressuring them to pursue LA. Librarians should reflect on their ethics and discuss their positions with their peers to enter into campus LA discussions with a clear sense of direction; see the “Action Handbook” by Young, Clark, Mannheimer, and Hinchliffe for more ideas in this area.<span>147</span> Second, while some interpret ethical principles as black/white directives or bright lines that they should not cross, they should instead be pragmatically used as guideposts that point to optimal outcomes and need interpretation at the local level; doing so will lead to a more fruitful discussion with administrators and others pursuing an LA agenda. Within academic libraries, practitioners and researchers have provided examples of how to balance ethical concerns with practical data needs.<span>148</span></p>
<p>Librarians are not rigorously prepared to conduct ethical qualitative or quantitative research.<span>149</span> Previous research has found that there is no relationship between taking a research methods course in a library and information science graduate program and feeling prepared to conduct research as a professional librarian.<span>150</span> Librarians are likely to employ self- and continuing education to fill the research methods gap in their formal education.<span>151</span> For LA specifically, more than 15 percent of survey respondents in Perry et al. said that staff receive no training at all for analytics projects. Even where training is occurring, it is not uniform or thorough and most often consisted of IRB and FERPA training.<span>152</span> </p>
<p>LA require practitioners to increase their methodological capacities if they are to pursue analytic-based practices and conduct LA research in rigorous and valid ways. It does no good to the profession or the students it serves by taking up LA to appease administrators—and using precious resources and time—only to do it poorly. Moreover, as Robertshaw and Asher highlight, applying analytic practices incorrectly and drawing conclusions without appropriate statistical support is an unethical practice.<span>153</span> </p>
<p>A complicating factor for librarians is that institutions expect professional librarians to conduct research yet do not provide sufficient support. Hoffman, Berg, and Koufogiannakis found that “Institutional Structures and Supports” were one of three broad categories that contribute to research productivity.<span>154</span> Intra-library mentoring also contributes to research success, but not all libraries offer formal mentoring;<span>155</span> libraries that grant tenure are more likely to provide this type of support.<span>156</span> Lacking resources like time, institutional support, or professional mentorship may cause librarians to 1) not be prepared methodologically, 2) not fully consider the ethical implications of their study design and implementation, and/or 3) not have time to conduct their research in an ethically rigorous way.</p>
<p>Librarians, and particularly library administrators, should push for institutional support from their administrative peers and colleagues in other offices. Ethically pursuing LA requires time and effort to establish goals, reflect on practices, improve infrastructures, and develop strategies. Training specifically for librarians in this area is beginning to be available from IMLS-funded projects and professional organizations.<span>157</span> Moreover, librarians should seek the support of those whose expertise is complementary to their own, such as seeking input from statistical experts, getting guidance from institutional researchers, and conferring with philosophy professors to help them navigate thorny ethical issues. These collaborative approaches have the potential to lead to more fully informed and ethically sound LA practices.</p>
<p>There exists an unquestionable power imbalance between students and institutional actors, including librarians. Institutions can analytically dig into student lives by accessing, analyzing, and acting on granular student data. Jones and McCoy argue that the power disparity enables institutions to render students as data subjects whose lives can be molded according to the interests of educational-technology designers and institutions.<span>158</span> Rubel and Jones caution that institutional interests should not be conflated with student interests, noting that, while powerful administrators may want to increase retention and graduation rates, the question remains whether the analytical means employed to achieve those ends are justifiable.<span>159</span></p>
<p>Whose interests are served by LA is a paramount question. Where researchers asked students about their perceptions of learning analytics, their positive views partially depended on an ability to manage their privacy.<span>160</span> Students may not feel that they can freely opt out of analytics without damaging their academic success, even when they are informed about data practices. Inside the library, this is likely to add to students’ existing library anxiety,<span>161</span> and it may abruptly and negatively affect the way students view the library as a safe intellectual space. If a power balance is to occur when librarians pursue LA, they are obligated to work hand-in-hand with students; engaging a student advisory board may resolve this concern.</p>
<h2>Conclusion</h2>
<p>As LA initiatives continue to evolve, librarians will need to understand the changes in the field and the potential impact on local and national practice. Privacy considerations will continue to emerge as potential and actual threats to student privacy arise.<span>162</span> Library ethics do not directly inform the Common Rule and ethical interpretations by IRBs, so such things cannot guide library LA projects as well as librarians might wish. While many librarians are undertaking and publishing about LA initiatives, current research has identified several gaps in practice, including the need for adoption of sensitive data-management best practices and the need for more training and interdisciplinary collaboration to improve methodological and ethical practices. Additionally, libraries must integrate student participation to identify their preferences and needs. Further research is also warranted to understand LA projects and practices at nonresearch libraries and academic libraries outside the United States. </p>
<p>Academic libraries’ goal should be to balance the potential rewards from LA practices with the risks these practices pose to users. To do this successfully, librarians first need to know which practices endanger user privacy so clearly and dangerously that they are never allowable under any circumstances. Next, librarians need guidelines for balancing concerns with benefits appropriately. Finally, librarians need to ensure that their data-collection and data-management practices accord responsibly with best practices. By identifying and understanding these risks, librarians may begin to approach LA initiatives from an informed and critical perspective to best serve their students. </p>
<h2>APPENDIX A. Abbreviations</h2>
<p>ACRL = Association of College and Research Libraries</p>
<p>ALI = Academic Library Impact</p>
<p>ALA = American Library Association</p>
<p>ARL = Association of Research Libraries</p>
<p>CAO = Chief academic officer</p>
<p>GPA = Grade point average</p>
<p>IFLA = International Federation of Library Associations</p>
<p>ILS = Integrated library system</p>
<p>IRB = Institutional review board</p>
<p>LA = Learning analytics</p>
<p>LMS = Learning management system</p>
<p>NISO = National Information Standards Organization</p>
<p>OCLC = Online Computer Library Center</p>
<p>SIS = Student information system</p>
<p>UCDM = Unizin Common Data Model</p>
<p>VAL = Value of Academic Libraries</p>
<h2>APPENDIX B. Institute of Museum and Library Services Grants on Learning Analytics</h2>
<table id="table001">
<colgroup>
<col></col>
<col></col>
<col></col>
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
<p>Title</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>Amount</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>URL</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>Prioritizing Privacy: Training to Improve Practice in Library Analytics Projects	</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>$249,198</p>
</td>
<td>
<p><a href="https://imls.gov/grants/awarded/re-18-19-0014-19">https://imls.gov/grants/awarded/re-18-19-0014-19</a></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>Student Privacy in the Datafied Classroom: Identifying Instructional Student Privacy Practices to Facilitate Librarian/Faculty Conversations</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>$306,682</p>
</td>
<td>
<p><a href="https://imls.gov/grants/awarded/lg-18-19-0032-19">https://imls.gov/grants/awarded/lg-18-19-0032-19</a></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>Getting to Know Their Data Doubles</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>$514,484</p>
</td>
<td>
<p><a href="https://www.imls.gov/grants/awarded/lg-96-18-0044-18">https://www.imls.gov/grants/awarded/lg-96-18-0044-18</a></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>Library Values &#038; Privacy in Our National Digital Strategies: <br /></br>Field Guides, Convenings, and Conversations</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>$90,150</p>
</td>
<td>
<p><a href="https://www.imls.gov/grants/awarded/lg-73-17-0062-17">https://www.imls.gov/grants/awarded/lg-73-17-0062-17</a></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>A National Forum on Web Privacy and Web Analytics</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>$100,000</p>
</td>
<td>
<p><a href="https://www.imls.gov/grants/awarded/lg-73-18-0100-18">https://www.imls.gov/grants/awarded/lg-73-18-0100-18</a></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>Library Integration in Institutional Learning Analytics (LIILA)</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>$99,876</p>
</td>
<td>
<p><a href="https://www.imls.gov/grants/awarded/lg-98-17-0019-17">https://www.imls.gov/grants/awarded/lg-98-17-0019-17</a></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>Connecting Libraries and Learning Analytics for Student Success (CLLASS)</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>$50,000</p>
</td>
<td>
<p><a href="https://www.imls.gov/grants/awarded/lg-97-18-0209-18">https://www.imls.gov/grants/awarded/lg-97-18-0209-18</a></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>Scaling Digital Privacy and Data Literacy in Libraries</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>$240,729</p>
</td>
<td>
<p><a href="https://imls.cg-devel.com/grants/awarded/re-06-15-0050-15">https://imls.cg-devel.com/grants/awarded/re-06-15-0050-15</a></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>Privacy in Libraries</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>$249,504</p>
</td>
<td>
<p><a href="https://www.imls.gov/grants/awarded/re-95-17-0076-17">https://www.imls.gov/grants/awarded/re-95-17-0076-17</a></p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h2>APPENDIX C. Learning Analytics Codes of Ethics and Institutional Policies</h2>
<h2>Notes</h2>
<p>	1.	Leah P. Macfadyen et al., “Embracing Big Data in Complex Educational Systems: The Learning Analytics Imperative and the Policy Challenge,” <em>Research and Practice in Assessment</em> 9, no. 2014 (n.d.), available online at <a href="http://www.rpajournal.com/embracing-big-data-in-complex-educational-systems-the-learning-analytics-imperative-and-the-policy-challenge/">www.rpajournal.com/embracing-big-data-in-complex-educational-systems-the-learning-analytics-imperative-and-the-policy-challenge/</a> [accessed 3 March 2020].</p>
<p>	2.	Matt Asay, “Who’s Getting Rich In The Big Data Gold Rush?” ReadWrite (blog, Nov.11, 2013), available online at <a href="https://readwrite.com/2013/11/11/whos-getting-rich-in-the-big-data-gold-rush/">https://readwrite.com/2013/11/11/whos-getting-rich-in-the-big-data-gold-rush/</a> [accessed 3 March 2020]; David Steinberg, “Unlocking the Big Data Goldmine for SMBs,” <em>WIRED</em> (Apr. 25, 2013), available online at <a href="https://www.wired.com/insights/2013/04/unlocking-the-big-data-goldmine-for-smbs/">https://www.wired.com/insights/2013/04/unlocking-the-big-data-goldmine-for-smbs/</a> [accessed 3 March 2020]; Brad Peters, “The Big Data Gold Rush,” <em>Forbes</em> (June 21, 2012), available online at <a href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/bradpeters/2012/06/21/the-big-data-gold-rush/">https://www.forbes.com/sites/bradpeters/2012/06/21/the-big-data-gold-rush/</a> [accessed 3 March 2020].</p>
<p>	3.	Edwin Lane, “Businesses Are Using Big Data to Outsmart Rivals,” CNN, available online at <a href="https://www.cnn.com/2014/10/13/business/moneyball-businesses-outsmarting-rivals/index.html">https://www.cnn.com/2014/10/13/business/moneyball-businesses-outsmarting-rivals/index.html</a> [accessed 8 July 2019]; Viktor Mayer-Schönberger and Kenneth Cukier, <em>Big Data: A Revolution That Will Transform How We Live, Work, and Think</em>, Reprint edition (Boston, MA: Eamon Dolan/Mariner Books, 2014); Perry Rotella, “Is Data the New Oil?” <em>Forbes</em> (Apr. 2, 2012), available online at <a href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/perryrotella/2012/04/02/is-data-the-new-oil/">https://www.forbes.com/sites/perryrotella/2012/04/02/is-data-the-new-oil/</a> [accessed 3 March 2020]; Simon Moss and Pneuron Corporation, “Big Data: New Oil or Snake Oil?” <em>WIRED</em> (Oct. 23, 2014), available online at <a href="https://www.wired.com/insights/2014/10/big-data-new-oil-or-snake-oil/">https://www.wired.com/insights/2014/10/big-data-new-oil-or-snake-oil/</a> [accessed 3 March 2020].</p>
<p>	4.	George Siemens, “Learning Analytics: Envisioning a Research Discipline and a Domain of Practice,” in <em>Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Learning Analytics and Knowledge</em> (New York, NY: ACM, 2012), 4–8, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1145/2330601.2330605">https://doi.org/10.1145/2330601.2330605</a>.</p>
<p>	5.	Angela van Barneveld, Kimberly E. Arnold, and John P. Campbell, “Analytics in Higher Education: Establishing a Common Language,” <em>Educause</em> 1, no. 1 (2012): 1–11.</p>
<p>	6.	L. Johnson et al., <em>The 2010 Horizon Report</em> (Austin, TX: New Media Consortium, 2010), available online at <a href="https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED510220">https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED510220</a> [accessed 3 March 2020.</p>
<p>	7.	Association of College and Research Libraries (ACRL), <em>Academic Library Impact: Improving Practice and Essential Areas to Research</em>, prepared by Lynn Silipigni Connaway, William Harvey, Vanessa Kitzie, and Stephanie Mikitish of OCLC Research (Chicago, IL: ACRL, 2017), available online at <a href="http://www.ala.org/acrl/sites/ala.org.acrl/files/content/publications/whitepapers/academiclib.pdf">www.ala.org/acrl/sites/ala.org.acrl/files/content/publications/whitepapers/academiclib.pdf</a> [accessed 3 March 2020].</p>
<p>	8.	Kara Malenfant, “Assessment in Action: Academic Libraries and Student Success” (text, Association of College &#038; Research Libraries, Oct. 9, 2012), available online at <a href="http://www.ala.org/acrl/AiA">www.ala.org/acrl/AiA</a> [accessed 3 March 2020]; Association of College and Research Libraries, “Assessment in Action Final Narrative” (Sept. 30, 2015), available online at <a href="http://www.ala.org/acrl/sites/ala.org.acrl/files/content/AiA final report to IMLS FINAL no cover.pdf">www.ala.org/acrl/sites/ala.org.acrl/files/content/AiA final report to IMLS FINAL no cover.pdf</a> [accessed 3 March 2020]; Association of College and Research Libraries (ACRL), <em>The Value of Academic Libraries: A Comprehensive Research Review and Report</em>, prepared by Megan Oakleaf (Chicago, IL: ACRL, 2010), available online at <a href="http://www.acrl.ala.org/value">www.acrl.ala.org/value</a> [accessed 3 March 2020].</p>
<p>	9.	Kyle M.L. Jones and Dorothea Salo, “Learning Analytics and the Academic Library: Professional Ethics Commitments at a Crossroads,” <em>College &#038; Research Libraries</em> 17 (2017): 304–23; Karen P. Nicholson, Nicole Pagowsky, and Maura Seale, “Just-in-Time or Just-in-Case? Time, Learning Analytics, and the Academic Library,” <em>Library Trends</em> 68 (2019): 54–75; Tami Oliphant and Michael R. Brundin, “Conflicting Values: An Exploration of the Tensions between Learning Analytics and Academic Librarianship,” <em>Library Trends</em> 68 (2019): 5–23.</p>
<p>10.	Thomas H. Davenport, <em>Big Data at Work: Dispelling the Myths, Uncovering the Opportunities</em> (Boston, MA: Harvard Business Review Press, 2014).</p>
<p>11.	Jacqueleen A. Reyes, “The Skinny on Big Data in Education: Learning Analytics Simplified,” <em>TechTrends</em> 59, no. 2 (2015): 75–80.</p>
<p>12.	van Barneveld, Arnold, and Campbell, “Analytics in Higher Education”; Kyle M.L. Jones, “All the Data We Can Get: A Contextual Study of Learning Analytics and Student Privacy” (PhD diss., The University of Wisconsin-Madison, 2015), available online at <a href="https://search.proquest.com/docview/1751011265/abstract/F69EA27D0E3D4A43PQ/1.van">https://search.proquest.com/docview/1751011265/abstract/F69EA27D0E3D4A43PQ/1.van</a> [accessed 3 March 2020].</p>
<p>13.	J.P. Campbell and D.G. Oblinger, “Academic Analytics” (Oct. 2007), available online at <a href="http://www.educause.edu/library/resources/academic-analytics">www.educause.edu/library/resources/academic-analytics</a> [accessed 3 March 2020].</p>
<p>14.	Abelardo Pardo and Carlos Delgado Kloos, “Stepping Out of the Box: Towards Analytics Outside the Learning Management System,” in <em>Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Learning Analytics and Knowledge</em>—LAK ’11 (the 1st International Conference, Banff, Alberta, Canada: ACM Press, 2011), 163, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1145/2090116.2090142.pardo">https://doi.org/10.1145/2090116.2090142.pardo</a>. </p>
<p>15.	Unizin Consortium, “Unizin Common Data Model,” available online at <a href="https://docs.udp.unizin.org/">https://docs.udp.unizin.org/</a> [accessed 3 March 2020].</p>
<p>16.	Unizin Consortium, “About,” Unizin (blog), available online at <a href="https://unizin.org/about/">https://unizin.org/about/</a> [accessed 8 July 2019].</p>
<p>17.	Kimberly E. Arnold, “Signals: Applying Academic Analytics,” <em>EDUCAUSE Quarterly</em> 33, no. 1 (2010), available online at <a href="https://er.educause.edu/articles/2010/3/signals-applying-academic-analytics">https://er.educause.edu/articles/2010/3/signals-applying-academic-analytics</a> [accessed 3 March 2020].</p>
<p>18.	Kyle M.L. Jones and Chase McCoy, “Reconsidering Data in Learning Analytics: Opportunities for Critical Research Using a Documentation Studies Framework,” <em>Learning, Media and Technology</em> 44, no. 1 (January 2, 2019): 52–63, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1080/17439884.2018.1556216">https://doi.org/10.1080/17439884.2018.1556216</a>.</p>
<p>19.	C. Carmean and P. Mizzi, “The Case for Nudge Analytics,” <em>EDUCAUSE Quarterly</em> 33, no. 4 (2010), available online at <a href="http://www.educause.edu/ero/article/case-nudge-analytics">www.educause.edu/ero/article/case-nudge-analytics</a> [accessed 3 March 2020]; Jill Frankfort et al., “Analytics, Nudges, and Learner Persistence,” <em>EDUCAUSE Review</em> 19 (July 18, 2012), available online at <a href="https://digitalcommons.tacoma.uw.edu/academic_affairs_pubs/19/">https://digitalcommons.tacoma.uw.edu/academic_affairs_pubs/19/</a> [accessed 3 March 2020].</p>
<p>20.	Marc Parry, “Big Data on Campus,” <em>The New York Times</em>, July 18, 2012, sec. Education Life, available online at <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2012/07/22/education/edlife/colleges-awakening-to-the-opportunities-of-data-mining.html">https://www.nytimes.com/2012/07/22/education/edlife/colleges-awakening-to-the-opportunities-of-data-mining.html</a> [accessed 3 March 2020].</p>
<p>21.	Stephen Aguilar, Steven Lonn, and Stephanie D. Teasley, “Perceptions and Use of an Early Warning System During a Higher Education Transition Program,” in <em>Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Learning Analytics and Knowledge</em>—LAK ’14 (New York, NY: ACM, 2014), 113–17, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1145/2567574.2567625">https://doi.org/10.1145/2567574.2567625</a>; Stephanie Kraft-Terry and Cheri Kau, “Manageable Steps to Implementing Data-Informed Advising” (NACADA, 2016), available online at <a href="https://www.nacada.ksu.edu/Resources/Clearinghouse/View-Articles/Manageable-Steps-to-Implementing-Data-Informed-Advising.aspx">https://www.nacada.ksu.edu/Resources/Clearinghouse/View-Articles/Manageable-Steps-to-Implementing-Data-Informed-Advising.aspx</a> [accessed 3 March 2020].</p>
<p>22.	Lindsay McKenzie, “In the News: Alexa, What’s the Deal with You, Anyway?” <em>Education Next</em> (Aug. 23, 2018), available online at <a href="https://www.educationnext.org/news-alexa-whats-deal-anyway/">https://www.educationnext.org/news-alexa-whats-deal-anyway/</a> [accessed 3 March 2020].</p>
<p>23.	Diamond Naga Siu, “Amazon Echo Dots Are Coming to Every St. Louis University Dorm Room,” Mashable (Aug. 16, 2018), available online at <a href="https://mashable.com/article/amazon-alexa-dot-saint-louis-university/">https://mashable.com/article/amazon-alexa-dot-saint-louis-university/</a> [accessed 3 March 2020].</p>
<p>24.	Thomas Hobohm, “‘Alexa, Why Are You Here?” <em>The Mercury</em> (Apr. 29, 2019), available online at <a href="https://utdmercury.com/alexa-where-are-you-here/">https://utdmercury.com/alexa-where-are-you-here/</a> [accessed 3 March 2020].</p>
<p>25.	Jessica Chasmar, “Oklahoma University Requires Freshmen to Wear Fitbit, Track 10K Steps per Day,” <em>The Washington Times</em> (Jan. 11, 2016), available online at <a href="https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2016/jan/11/oklahoma-university-requires-freshmen-to-wear-fitb/">https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2016/jan/11/oklahoma-university-requires-freshmen-to-wear-fitb/</a> [accessed 3 March 2020]; Steve Tally, “Students Can Study Their Study Habits on Apple Watch,” <em>Purdue University News</em> (Apr. 8, 2015), available online at <a href="https://www.purdue.edu/newsroom/releases/2015/Q2/students-can-study-their-study-habits-on-apple-watch.html">https://www.purdue.edu/newsroom/releases/2015/Q2/students-can-study-their-study-habits-on-apple-watch.html</a> [accessed 3 March 2020].</p>
<p>26.	Alexis Blue and University Communications, “Researcher Looks at ‘Digital Traces’ to Help Students,” <em>UANews</em>, available online at <a href="https://uanews.arizona.edu/story/researcher-looks-digital-traces-help-students">https://uanews.arizona.edu/story/researcher-looks-digital-traces-help-students</a> [accessed 12 August 2018].</p>
<p>27.	S. Buckingham Shum and R. Ferguson, “Social Learning Analytics,” <em>Journal of Educational Technology &#038; Society</em> 15, no. 3 (2012): 3–26.</p>
<p>28.	Aaron Smith and Monica Anderson, “Social Media Use 2018: Demographics and Statistics | Pew Research Center” (Mar. 1, 2018), available online at <a href="https://www.pewinternet.org/2018/03/01/social-media-use-in-2018/">https://www.pewinternet.org/2018/03/01/social-media-use-in-2018/</a> [accessed 3 March 2020].</p>
<p>29.	Jeremy Bauer-Wolf, “Georgia Tech’s Monitoring of Student’s Social Media Causes Concern,” <em>Inside Higher Education</em> (Dec. 21, 2017), available online at <a href="https://www.insidehighered.com/news/2017/12/21/georgia-techs-monitoring-students-social-media-causes-concern">https://www.insidehighered.com/news/2017/12/21/georgia-techs-monitoring-students-social-media-causes-concern</a> [accessed 3 March 2020].</p>
<p>30.	Ruth Serven, “With Safety in Mind, UVa Police Monitoring Social Media,” <em>The Daily Progress</em> (Feb. 11, 2018), available online at <a href="https://www.dailyprogress.com/news/local/with-safety-in-mind-uva-police-monitoring-social-media/article_94dde34a-0f8e-11e8-b8c0-cba42c10d40f.html">https://www.dailyprogress.com/news/local/with-safety-in-mind-uva-police-monitoring-social-media/article_94dde34a-0f8e-11e8-b8c0-cba42c10d40f.html</a> [accessed 3 March 2020].</p>
<p>31.	X. Chen, M. Vorvoreanu, and K. Madhavan, “Mining Social Media Data for Understanding Students’ Learning Experiences,” <em>IEEE Transactions on Learning Technologies</em> 7, no. 3 (July 2014): 246–59, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/TLT.2013.2296520">https://doi.org/10.1109/TLT.2013.2296520</a>.</p>
<p>32.	Reyes, “The Skinny on Big Data in Education,” 76.</p>
<p>33.	IMS Global Learning Consortium, “IMS Leadership Activities” (2018), available online at <a href="http://www.imsglobal.org/leadershipactivities">www.imsglobal.org/leadershipactivities</a> [accessed 3 March 2020].</p>
<p>34.	PSLC DataShop, “About / Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ),” DataShop@CMU, available online at <a href="https://pslcdatashop.web.cmu.edu/about/faq.html">https://pslcdatashop.web.cmu.edu/about/faq.html</a> [accessed 25 February 2020].</p>
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<p>111.	Sharon Slade and Paul Prinsloo, “Learning Analytics: Ethical Issues and Dilemmas,” <em>American Behavioral Scientist</em> 57, no. 10 (Mar. 2013): 1510–29, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1177/0002764213479366">https://doi.org/10.1177/0002764213479366</a>; N. Sclater, “Code of Practice for Learning Analytics: A Literature Review of the Ethical and Legal Issues” (2014), available online at <a href="http://repository.jisc.ac.uk/5661/1/Learning_Analytics_A-_Literature_Review.pdf">http://repository.jisc.ac.uk/5661/1/Learning_Analytics_A-_Literature_Review.pdf</a> [accessed 3 March 2020]; Abelardo Pardo and George Siemens, “Ethical and Privacy Principles for Learning Analytics,” <em>British Journal of Educational Technology</em> 45, no. 3 (2014): 438–50, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/bjet.12152">https://doi.org/10.1111/bjet.12152</a>.</p>
<p>112.	The Open University, “Ethical Use of Student Data for Learning Analytics,” <em>Student Policies and Regulations</em>, available online at <a href="https://help.open.ac.uk/documents/policies/ethical-use-of-student-data">https://help.open.ac.uk/documents/policies/ethical-use-of-student-data</a> [accessed 15 July 2019].</p>
<p>113.	University of California, “University of California: Learning Data Privacy Principles” (Mar. 5, 2018), available online at <a href="https://www.ets.berkeley.edu/sites/default/files/general/university_of_california_learning_data_privacy_principles_handout.pdf">https://www.ets.berkeley.edu/sites/default/files/general/university_of_california_learning_data_privacy_principles_handout.pdf</a> [accessed 3 March 2020]; University of Hawaii Mānoa Committee on Academic Policy and Planning, “Resolution Supporting Learning Data Privacy Principles and Practices,” Google Docs (Nov.14, 2018), available online at <a href="https://docs.google.com/document/d/1bqJTZ4tCK3SFdsS4rXVNK5xlS87g0ajfE3EYk3u0Zh8/edit?usp=embed_facebook">https://docs.google.com/document/d/1bqJTZ4tCK3SFdsS4rXVNK5xlS87g0ajfE3EYk3u0Zh8/edit?usp=embed_facebook</a> [accessed 3 March 2020].</p>
<p>114.	Michael R. Perry et al., “Learning Analytics, SPEC Kit 360” (Sept. 4, 2018), available online at <a href="https://publications.arl.org/Learning-Analytics-SPEC-Kit-360/">https://publications.arl.org/Learning-Analytics-SPEC-Kit-360/</a> [accessed 3 March 2020].</p>
<p>115.	Andrew Asher, “Risk, Benefits, and User Privacy: Evaluating the Ethics of Library Data,” in <em>Protecting Patron Privacy</em>, eds. Bobbi Newman and Bonnie Tijerina (Lanham, MA: Rowman &#038; Littlefield, 2017), 43–56.</p>
<p>116.	Jones and Salo, “Learning Analytics and the Academic Library.”</p>
<p>117.	Kyle M.L. Jones, Alan Rubel, and Ellen LeClere, “A Matter of Trust: Higher Education Institutions as Information Fiduciaries in an Age of Educational Data Mining and Learning Analytics.” <em>Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology</em>, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/asi.24327">https://doi.org/10.1002/asi.24327</a>.</p>
<p>118.	Asher et al., “Ethics in Research Use of Library Patron Data.”</p>
<p>119.	Kristin A. Briney, “Data Management Practices in Academic Library Learning Analytics: A Critical Review,” <em>Journal of Librarianship and Scholarly Communication</em> 7, no. 1 (Feb. 22, 2019): 1–39, <a href="https://doi.org/10.7710/2162-3309.2268">https://doi.org/10.7710/2162-3309.2268</a>.</p>
<p>120.	Kristin Briney et al., “A Practical Guide to Performing a Data Risk Assessment in a Library (Draft),” Technologies of Surveillance Working Group (Digital Library Federation, Oct. 2019), available online at <a href="https://docs.google.com/document/d/1FF75widvFPW2Ean68FIu6ddN7bgjfk2LzntYpZVc-KA/edit">https://docs.google.com/document/d/1FF75widvFPW2Ean68FIu6ddN7bgjfk2LzntYpZVc-KA/edit</a> [accessed 3 March 2020]; Asher et al., “Ethics in Research Use of Library Patron Data.”</p>
<p>121.	Asher, “Risk, Benefits, and User Privacy.”</p>
<p>122.	Melissa Bowles-Terry, “Library Instruction and Academic Success: A Mixed-Methods Assessment of a Library Instruction Program,” <em>Evidence Based Library and Information Practice</em> 7, no. 1 (Mar. 2012), <a href="https://doi.org/10.18438/B8PS4D">https://doi.org/10.18438/B8PS4D</a>; Graham Stone and Bryony Ramsden, “Library Impact Data Project: Looking for the Link between Library Usage and Student Attainment,” <em>College &#038; Research Libraries</em> 74, no. 6 (2013): 546–59, <a href="https://doi.org/10.5860/crl12-406">https://doi.org/10.5860/crl12-406</a>.</p>
<p>123.	Stone and Ramsden, “Library Impact Data Project.”</p>
<p>124.	LeMaistre, Shi, and Thanki, “Connecting Library Use to Student Success.”</p>
<p>125.	Briney, “Data Management Practices in Academic Library Learning Analytics.”</p>
<p>126.	Perry et al., “Learning Analytics, SPEC Kit 360.”</p>
<p>127.	Murray, Ireland, and Hackathorn, “The Value of Academic Libraries.”</p>
<p>128.	Haddow and Joseph, “Loans, Logins, and Lasting the Course.”</p>
<p>129.	Becky Yoose, “Patrons, Privacy, and Technology in the Library” (2017), available online at <a href="https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/14gaycdLUCiD71FlY2BAsNggsG3D6fmVQFDmkSSdD1XA/edit#slide=id.p">https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/14gaycdLUCiD71FlY2BAsNggsG3D6fmVQFDmkSSdD1XA/edit#slide=id.p</a> [accessed 3 March 2020].</p>
<p>130.	Fransen and Peterson, “Graduate in Four Years? Yes, the Library Can Help with That!”</p>
<p>131.	Ellen Collins and Graham Stone, “Understanding Patterns of Library Use Among Undergraduate Students from Different Disciplines,” <em>Evidence Based Library and Information Practice</em> 9, no. 3 (Sept. 2014): 51, <a href="https://doi.org/10.18438/B8930K">https://doi.org/10.18438/B8930K</a>; LeMaistre, “Cost Per User.”</p>
<p>132.	Alison Pepper and Margie Jantti, “The Tipping Point: How Granular Statistics Can Make a Big Difference in Understanding and Demonstrating Value,” in <em>Australian Library and Information Association Information Online</em> (Sydney, Australia, 2015), available online at <a href="https://works.bepress.com/mjantti/34/">https://works.bepress.com/mjantti/34/</a> [accessed 3 March 2020]; Maximiliano Montenegro et al., “Library Resources and Students’ Learning Outcomes: Do All the Resources Have the Same Impact on Learning?” 42, no. 5 (2016): 551–56.</p>
<p>133.	Briney, “Data Management Practices in Academic Library Learning Analytics.”</p>
<p>134.	Perry et al., “Learning Analytics, SPEC Kit 360.”</p>
<p>135.	Becky Yoose, “Balancing Privacy and Strategic Planning Needs: A Case Study in de-Identification of Patron Data,” <em>Journal of Intellectual Freedom and Privacy </em>2, no. 1 (July 2017): 15–22, <a href="https://doi.org/10.5860/jifp.v2i1.6250">https://doi.org/10.5860/jifp.v2i1.6250</a>.</p>
<p>136.	Yoose, “Balancing Privacy and Strategic Planning Needs”; Simson L. Garfinkel, “NISTIR 8053: De-Identification of Personal Information” (2015), <a href="https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8053">https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8053</a>; Mohammad Khalil and Martin Ebner, “De-Identification in Learning Analytics,” <em>Journal of Learning Analytics</em> 3, no. 1 (Apr. 2016): 129–38, <a href="https://doi.org/10.18608/jla.2016.31.8">https://doi.org/10.18608/jla.2016.31.8</a>.</p>
<p>137.	Briney, “Data Management Practices in Academic Library Learning Analytics.”</p>
<p>138.	“49 CFR Part 11 Federal Policy for the Protection of Human Subjects,” Federal Register 82, no. 12 (Jan. 19, 2017): 7149–7274.</p>
<p>139.	US Department of Education, “Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA),” <em>Guides </em>(Mar. 1, 2018), available online at <a href="https://www2.ed.gov/policy/gen/guid/fpco/ferpa/index.html">https://www2.ed.gov/policy/gen/guid/fpco/ferpa/index.html</a> [accessed 3 March 2020].</p>
<p>140.	Scott W.H. Young, “Achieving Privacy in the Age of Analytics” (2018), available online at <a href="https://scottwhyoung.com/talks/web-privacy-web-analytics-niso-2018/">https://scottwhyoung.com/talks/web-privacy-web-analytics-niso-2018/</a> [accessed 3 March 2020]; M Ryan Hess, “Google Analytics and Privacy,” Fail!Lab (blog, Apr. 27, 2016), available online at <a href="https://faillab.wordpress.com/2016/04/27/google-analytics-and-privacy/">https://faillab.wordpress.com/2016/04/27/google-analytics-and-privacy/</a> [accessed 3 March 2020].</p>
<p>141.	Briney, “Data Management Practices in Academic Library Learning Analytics.”</p>
<p>142.	Perry et al., “Learning Analytics, SPEC Kit 360.”</p>
<p>143.	Briney, “Data Management Practices in Academic Library Learning Analytics.”</p>
<p>144.	Jose van Dijck, “Datafication, Dataism and Dataveillance: Big Data between Scientific Paradigm and Ideology,” <em>Surveillance &#038; Society</em> 12, no. 2 (May 9, 2014): 197–208, <a href="https://doi.org/10.24908/ss.v12i2.4776">https://doi.org/10.24908/ss.v12i2.4776</a>.</p>
<p>145.	Rob Kitchin, “Big Data, New Epistemologies and Paradigm Shifts,” <em>Big Data &#038; Society</em> 1, no. 1 (Jan. 1, 2014): 2053951714528481, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1177/2053951714528481">https://doi.org/10.1177/2053951714528481</a>.</p>
<p>146.	Jones, “Just Because You Can Doesn’t Mean You Should.”</p>
<p>147.	Scott W.H. Young et al., “A National Forum on Web Privacy and Web Analytics: Action Handbook,” (May 2019), <a href="https://doi.org/10.15788/20190416.15446">https://doi.org/10.15788/20190416.15446</a>.</p>
<p>148.	Yoose, “Balancing Privacy and Strategic Planning Needs”; LeMaistre, Shi, and Thanki, “Connecting Library Use to Student Success.”</p>
<p>149.	Soyeon Park, “The Study of Research Methods in LIS Education: Issues in Korean and U.S. Universities,” <em>Library &#038; Information Science Research </em>26, no. 4 (Sept. 1, 2004): 501–10, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lisr.2004.04.009">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lisr.2004.04.009</a>; Juris Dilevko, “Inferential Statistics and Librarianship,” <em>Library &#038; Information Science Research</em> 29, no. 2 (June 1, 2007): 209–29, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lisr.2007.04.003">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lisr.2007.04.003</a>.</p>
<p>150.	R.R. Powell, L.M. Baker, and J.J. Mika, “Library and Information Science Practitioners and Research,” <em>Library &#038; Information Science Research</em> 24, no. 1 (2002): 49–72, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/S0740-8188(01)00104-9">https://doi.org/10.1016/S0740-8188(01)00104-9</a>; Marie R. Kennedy and Kristine R. Brancolini, “Academic Librarian Research: A Survey of Attitudes, Involvement, and Perceived Capabilities,” <em>College &#038; Research Libraries</em> 73, no. 5 (Sept. 2012): 431–48, <a href="https://doi.org/10.5860/crl-276">https://doi.org/10.5860/crl-276</a>.</p>
<p>151.	Marie Kennedy and Kristine Brancolini, “Academic Librarian Research: An Update to a Survey of Attitudes, Involvement, and Perceived Capabilities,” <em>College &#038; Research Libraries</em> 79, no. 6 (2018): 822–51, <a href="https://doi.org/10.5860/crl.79.6.822">https://doi.org/10.5860/crl.79.6.822</a>.</p>
<p>152.	Perry et al., “Learning Analytics, SPEC Kit 360.”</p>
<p>153.	Robertshaw and Asher, “Unethical Numbers?”</p>
<p>154.	Kristin Hoffmann, Selinda Adelle Berg, and Denise Koufogiannakis, “Examining Success: Identifying Factors That Contribute to Research Productivity across Librarianship and Other Disciplines,” <em>Library and Information Research</em> 38, no. 119 (2014): 13–28, <a href="https://doi.org/10.29173/lirg639">https://doi.org/10.29173/lirg639</a>.</p>
<p>155.	Catherine Sassen and Diane Wahl, “Fostering Research and Publication in Academic Libraries,” <em>College &#038; Research Libraries</em> 75, no. 4 (July 2014): 458–91, <a href="https://doi.org/10.5860/crl.75.4.458">https://doi.org/10.5860/crl.75.4.458</a>.</p>
<p>156.	Elizabeth M. Smigielski, Melissa A. Laning, and Caroline M. Daniels, “Funding, Time, and Mentoring: A Study of Research and Publication Support Practices of ARL Member Libraries,” <em>Journal of Library Administration</em> 54, no. 4 (May 19, 2014): 261–76, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1080/01930826.2014.924309">https://doi.org/10.1080/01930826.2014.924309</a>.</p>
<p>157.	Sarah Hartman-Caverly and Alex Chisholm, “Digital Shred: Privacy Literacy Toolkit,” available online at <a href="https://sites.psu.edu/digitalshred/">https://sites.psu.edu/digitalshred/</a> [accessed 8 October 2019]; Macrina, “Library Freedom Project”; Scott W.H. Young et al., “A Roadmap for Achieving Privacy in the Age of Analytics: A White Paper from A National Forum on Web Privacy and Web Analytics” (May 2019), <a href="https://doi.org/10.15788/20190416.15445">https://doi.org/10.15788/20190416.15445</a>; Scott W.H. Young et al., “A National Forum on Web Privacy and Web Analytics: Action Handbook” (Montana State University, Apr. 30, 2019), <a href="https://doi.org/10.15788/20190416.15446">https://doi.org/10.15788/20190416.15446</a>; Alex Chisholm and Sarah Hartman-Caverly, “If Not Us, Who? Privacy Literacy Instruction in Academic Libraries, Connect &#038; Communicate” (College and Research Division of the Pennsylvania Library Association), available online at <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=49mDqex6K1o&#038;feature=youtu.be">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=49mDqex6K1o&#038;feature=youtu.be</a> [accessed 8 October 2019].</p>
<p>158.	Jones and McCoy, “Reconsidering Data in Learning Analytics.”</p>
<p>159.	Alan Rubel and Kyle M.L. Jones, “Student Privacy in Learning Analytics: An Information Ethics Perspective,” <em>The Information Society</em> 32, no. 2 (Mar. 2016): 143–59, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1080/01972243.2016.1130502">https://doi.org/10.1080/01972243.2016.1130502</a>.</p>
<p>160.	Clara Schumacher and Dirk Ifenthaler, “Features Students Really Expect from Learning Analytics,” <em>Computers in Human Behavior</em> 78 (Jan. 1, 2018): 397–407, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2017.06.030">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2017.06.030</a>; Lynne D. Roberts et al., “Student Attitudes toward Learning Analytics in Higher Education: The Fitbit Version of the Learning World,” <em>Frontiers in Psychology</em> 7 (2016), <a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01959">https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01959</a>.</p>
<p>161.	Constance A. Mellon, “Library Anxiety: A Grounded Theory and Its Development,” <em>College &#038; Research Libraries</em> 76, no. 3 (Mar. 2015): 276–82, <a href="https://doi.org/10.5860/crl.76.3.276">https://doi.org/10.5860/crl.76.3.276</a>.</p>
<p>162.	Steve Witt, “The Evolution of Privacy within the American Library Association, 1906–2002,” <em>Library Trends</em> 65, no. 4 (Sept. 8, 2017): 639–57, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1353/lib.2017.0022">https://doi.org/10.1353/lib.2017.0022</a>.</p>
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                	Copyright Kyle M.L. Jones, Kristin A. Briney, Abigail Goben, Dorothea Salo, Andrew Asher, Michael R. Perry
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		<title>Porn &#038; Camming: Coronavirus بر جنسیت مجازی تأثیر می گذارد ، بیش از حد</title>
		<link>https://www.dollyrogers.nl/porn-camming-coronavirus-%d8%a8%d8%b1-%d8%ac%d9%86%d8%b3%db%8c%d8%aa-%d9%85%d8%ac%d8%a7%d8%b2%db%8c-%d8%aa%d8%a3%d8%ab%db%8c%d8%b1-%d9%85%db%8c-%da%af%d8%b0%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%af-%d8%8c-%d8%a8/</link>
				<pubDate>Mon, 06 Apr 2020 23:06:07 +0000</pubDate>
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				<category><![CDATA[Sex Dating Websites Holland Europe]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[SEX DATING]]></category>

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				<description><![CDATA[Translating&#8230; Photographed by Michael Beckert. In the age of coronavirus , many of us are glued to our TVs, phones, and laptops. We’re eating up the news — that’s a given. We’re streaming workouts. We&#8217;re Zooming friends and coworkers. And we may not be talking about it as much, but we’re also using our screens to ... <a title="Porn &#38; Camming: Coronavirus بر جنسیت مجازی تأثیر می گذارد ، بیش از حد" class="read-more" href="https://www.dollyrogers.nl/porn-camming-coronavirus-%d8%a8%d8%b1-%d8%ac%d9%86%d8%b3%db%8c%d8%aa-%d9%85%d8%ac%d8%a7%d8%b2%db%8c-%d8%aa%d8%a3%d8%ab%db%8c%d8%b1-%d9%85%db%8c-%da%af%d8%b0%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%af-%d8%8c-%d8%a8/">Read more</a>]]></description>
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<p>Translating&#8230;</p>
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<p>Photographed by Michael Beckert.</p>
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<p>In the </p>
<p><a href=https://www.refinery29.com/en-us/2020/03/9550211/coronavirus-myths-and-facts>age of coronavirus</a></p>
<p>, many of us are glued to our TVs, phones, and laptops. We’re eating up the news — that’s a given. We’re streaming workouts. We&#8217;re Zooming friends and coworkers. And we may not be talking about it as much, but we’re also using our screens to watch porn, order vibrators, and connect with </p>
<p><a href=https://www.refinery29.com/en-us/money-diary-san-francisco-cam-girl-budget>cam-models</a></p>
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<p>It makes sense that the virtual <a href="https://www.dollyrogers.nl/victoriamilan" target="_blank">sex</a> industry would be booming as many of us are </p>
<p><a href=https://www.refinery29.com/en-us/2020/03/9588017/social-distancing-video-chat-movies-coronavirus-trends>participating in social distancing</a></p>
<p>. “More people are using technology-mediated ways to have <a href="https://www.dollyrogers.nl/victoriamilan" target="_blank">sex</a> than before because that&#8217;s all that is available to them right now,” says </p>
<p><a href=http://www.myishabattle.com/>Myisha Battle</a></p>
<p>, certified <a href="https://www.dollyrogers.nl/victoriamilan" target="_blank">sex</a> and dating coach. “We see spikes in pornography use during periods of unemployment, which is something that so many of us are living through right now.” </p>
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<p>Plus, research shows that </p>
<p><a href=https://www.refinery29.com/en-gb/health-implications-not-having-sex>sex is a stress reliever</a></p>
<p>. “I would say that people think they&#8217;re looking for <a href="https://www.dollyrogers.nl/victoriamilan" target="_blank">sex</a>, but what many of them are looking for is to manage their anxiety by finding a connection,” </p>
<p><a href=https://askdoctornan.com/>Nan Wise</a></p>
<p>, PhD, a <a href="https://www.dollyrogers.nl/victoriamilan" target="_blank">sex</a> therapist, relationship specialist, and cognitive neuroscientist. “We often conflate our sexual needs with our need for closeness.” </p>
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<p>Here, a deep dive into how the pandemic is affecting different aspects of the virtual <a href="https://www.dollyrogers.nl/victoriamilan" target="_blank">sex</a> industry.</p>
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<p>They&#8217;re not the only site slashing prices right now. “Pretty much every paid pornography site and online <a href="https://www.dollyrogers.nl/victoriamilan" target="_blank">sex</a> toy retailer is offering some deal on their products and content, so I encourage taking advantage of that,” Battle says. “I also love </p>
<p><a href=https://www.dipseastories.com/?gclid=EAIaIQobChMIuJ6B6pi26AIVErbICh3G_QtSEAAYASAAEgIj1vD_BwE>the Dipsea app</a></p>
<p> for people who want to escape into audio sexual content during masturbation.” </p>
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<p>For those who like their sexual fantasies to be grounded in reality, you&#8217;ll be glad to know that people are also </p>
<p><a href=https://www.refinery29.com/en-us/2020/03/9543194/coronavirus-porn-search-pornhub>making and watching coronavirus-themed porn</a></p>
<p>. As one filmmaker and star previously told Refinery29. “I think people are drawn to this because it’s one of those fears that you can’t come to terms with.” </p>
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<p>Photographed by Natalia Mantini.</p>
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<div><a href=http://www.jennyphonesexpert.com>Jenny Ainslie-Turner</a></p>
<p>, a phone <a href="https://www.dollyrogers.nl/victoriamilan" target="_blank">sex</a> expert and operator who’s been in the <a href="https://www.dollyrogers.nl/victoriamilan" target="_blank">sex</a> industry for 20 years, says coronavirus may actually be </p>
<p><em>adversely</em></p>
<p> impacting her work. Many industries are experiencing, or </p>
<p><a href=https://www.refinery29.com/en-gb/2020/03/9579147/coronavirus-job-losses>expecting to experience, layoffs</a></p>
<p>. As a result, people are tightening their belts — in part, by avoiding spending money on <a href="https://www.dollyrogers.nl/victoriamilan" target="_blank">sex</a>.</p>
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<p>At the same time, “more girls are turning to phone chat to earn money,” explains Ainslie-Turner, who lives and works in the UK. &#8220;The company I now work for had 22 new girls start last week and 14 the week before,” she says. “When I log on to our website, there&#8217;s as many as 21 girls waiting for a call but only six girls chatting with callers.” Demand is down, but supply is up — and that can be a problem.</p>
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<p>Similarly, </p>
<p><a href=https://ismygirl.com/>IsMyGirl</a></p>
<p>, a subscription-based adult social platform, says their new model sign ups are increasing more than 200% worldwide on average. The company&#8217;s founder Evan Seinfeld tells Refinery29 that means revenue is up, too.</p>
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<p>Still, everyone being cooped up at home poses other challenges for the industry. “The difficulties are children being home, and, of course, wives,” Ainslie-Turner says. “So, obviously, no chance to make the call… Cheekily, I&#8217;m hoping to sell more erotic audio downloads. I refer to them as iWanks.” </p>
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</div>
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<p>Although the industry is hitting some snags, </p>
<p><a href=https://nypost.com/2020/03/14/business-booming-for-cam-girls-amid-coronavirus-outbreak/>The New York <em>Post</em></a><em> </em></p>
<p>reports that some cam models are still thriving. Joslyn Jane, who does solo videos for the site OnlyFans, says she’s been bringing in $1,700 a week in sales and tips, up from her typical average of $1,050.</p>
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<p>Photographed by Ashley Armitage.</p>
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<div>
<p>Right now, officials are advising against co-mingling, and instead are suggesting people masturbate. Really. The New York City Department of Health even put out a memo on Saturday that read, in part: “</p>
<p><a href=https://twitter.com/chrissyford/status/1241341554742214656>You are your safest sex partner</a></p>
<p>.” </p>
</div>
</div>
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<div>
<p><a href="https://www.dollyrogers.nl/victoriamilan" target="_blank">sex</a> toy companies want you to heed that advice, and, as </p>
<p><a href=https://www.refinery29.com/en-us/2020/03/9563928/sex-toys-for-sale-coronavirus>Refinery29 previously reported</a></p>
<p>, they’re offering some serious deals. That includes a 40% discount on </p>
<p><a href=https://www.refinery29.com/en-us/remote-control-vibrator>a highly sought after remote control vibrator</a></p>
<p>. Wise says you can use tools like these to connect with your partner, even if you’re not quarantining together. “</p>
<p><a href=https://wowtech.com/>Wow Tech</a></p>
<p> makes a device called</p>
<p><a href=https://we-vibe.com/app> We-Connect</a></p>
<p> that is billed as ‘don&#8217;t let distance get in the way of your passion,'&#8221; she says. With these </p>
<p><a href=https://www.refinery29.com/en-us/long-distance-sex-toys>LDR-friendly toys</a></p>
<p>, your boo can use a smartphone app or BlueTooth to control speed and vibrations for you, without even being in the room.</p>
</div>
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</div>
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<div>
<h2><strong>Sexting and FaceTime hookups</strong></h2>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<p>If <a href="https://www.dollyrogers.nl/victoriamilan" target="_blank">sex</a> toys, porn, and cybersex aren’t your thing, there are still ways to spice up your social distancing — even if you’re not physically with your lover. As Wise puts it, “You can still do face to face even if you can&#8217;t do flesh to flesh.” She suggests using platforms such as FaceTime, WhatsApp, or even Zoom to, ahem, <em>connect</em> with partners.</p>
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<div>
<div>
<p>“Some apps are more secure than others,” Battle cautions. “WhatsApp, for instance, offers encrypted messaging. If you want to explore exchanging sexy pics, video <a href="https://www.dollyrogers.nl/victoriamilan" target="_blank">sex</a>, or sexting you can make an agreement to clear out any saved data after each session or after a specific period of time.”</p>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<p>If you want to try video <a href="https://www.dollyrogers.nl/victoriamilan" target="_blank">sex</a> but are a little shy, </p>
<p><a href=https://www.sexwithdrjess.com/>Dr. Jess O’Reilly</a></p>
<p>, PhD, </p>
<p><a href=https://astroglide.com/products?utm_source=google&#038;utm_medium=cpc&#038;utm_campaign=brand&#038;gclid=EAIaIQobChMIrZH006S26AIVmeDICh3yPQ4sEAAYASAAEgLK7_D_BwE>Astroglide</a></p>
<p>’s resident sexologist, suggests starting with the lights off. &#8220;They don’t need to see every curve and contour to get the picture,&#8221; O&#8217;Reilly says. &#8220;Touch yourself in the dark so they have to watch intently to decipher your body.&#8221;</p>
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<div>
<p>Wise&#8217;s best tip is to focus on intimacy. “I would encourage people to think about connecting deeply about what they are thinking, feeling, and what&#8217;s happening in light of the big changes we are experiencing,” she says. “They could see this as an opportunity to experience <a href="https://www.dollyrogers.nl/victoriamilan" target="_blank">sex</a> as more than genital friction or orgasmic relief, but as a way to have a real connection.” </p>
</div>
</div>
</section>
</div>
</div>
<p></p>
<div class="notranslate">    <iframe src=https://europedatingonline.com/top-europe-dating-sites/ width="800" height="1500"></iframe><script type="text/javascript" src=""></script></p>
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<p>     </p></div>
<p><a style="white-space: nowrap" href="https://www.refinery29.com/en-ca/2020/03/9613221/more-online-sex-coronavirus-porn-phone-sex" class="button purchase" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Read More</a>             <script>               function gtElInit() {                 var lib = new google.translate.TranslateService();                 lib.setCheckVisibility(false);                 lib.translatePage('en', 'fa', function (progress, done, error) {                   if (progress == 100 || done || error) {                     document.getElementById("gt-dt-spinner").style.display = "none";                   }                 });               }             </script><script src="https://translate.google.com/translate_a/element.js?aus=0&#038;cb=gtElInit&#038;client=wt">             </script></p>
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		<title>Psychologist creates viral ‘which character are you?’ quiz</title>
		<link>https://www.dollyrogers.nl/psychologist-creates-viral-which-character-are-you-quiz/</link>
				<pubDate>Mon, 06 Apr 2020 23:06:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[ZoekEenDate.nl]]></dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Online Dating Site For Free]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ok cupid]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.dollyrogers.nl/psychologist-creates-viral-which-character-are-you-quiz/</guid>
				<description><![CDATA[Who among us hasn’t been tempted to take a BuzzFeed-style “which character are you?” type of quiz that often pops up into our collective Facebook feeds? Sure, they may be entertaining. But how much value can you really place in a character assessment that judges you by having you choose from pictures of places that ... <a title="Psychologist creates viral ‘which character are you?’ quiz" class="read-more" href="https://www.dollyrogers.nl/psychologist-creates-viral-which-character-are-you-quiz/">Read more</a>]]></description>
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<p>Who among us hasn’t been tempted to take a <em>BuzzFeed</em>-style “which character are you?” type of quiz that often pops up into our collective Facebook feeds? Sure, they may be entertaining. But how much value can you really place in a character assessment that judges you by having you choose from pictures of places that you’d like to go on vacation or your preferred beverage or snack?</p>
<p>It was exactly this principle that led a psychologist working on the <a href="https://openpsychometrics.org/">Open-Source Psychometrics Project</a>—a website that provides a collection of interactive personality tests—to create a statistical “which character” type of personality quiz. Psychometrics, for the uninitiated, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychometrics">pertain to</a> a field of study concerned with the theory and technique of psychological measurement. This can include the measurement of knowledge, abilities, attitudes, and personality traits.</p>
<p>A <a href="https://openpsychometrics.org/tests/characters/">note</a> on the project’s website explains that when the creator of the project told people he published personality tests on the internet, they often incorrectly assumed he worked for <em>BuzzFeed</em>. And although he admits he had never shown interest in those kinds of tests, it did spark an idea.</p>
<p>To determine which character most correctly aligns with an individual’s personality, <a href="https://openpsychometrics.org/tests/characters/">the test</a> presents 28 questions in the form of a slider of personality traits. The test-taker then determines where they fall on the spectrum, using indicators such as “artistic vs. scientific,” “fast vs. slow,” “indulgent vs. sober,” “modest vs. flamboyant,” “normal vs. weird,” and so on.</p>
<p>The results then draw from hundreds of characters out of 47 fictional universes, including <em>Friends</em>, <em>The Office</em>, <em>Twin Peaks</em>, <em>The Simpsons</em>, <em>Star Wars</em>, <em><a href="https://www.dollyrogers.nl/victoriamilan" target="_blank">sex</a> and the City</em>, <em>Harry Potter,</em> <em>Breaking Bad</em>, <em>Game of Thrones</em>, and more. The user is then presented with the character they most resemble, as well as a full list of characters they partially resemble based on percentages.</p>
<p>It’s not difficult to see why the test has become hugely popular, as people began sharing their results—for better or worse! In other words, some were more pleased with their assessments from the “which character” quiz than others.</p>
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<blockquote data-dnt="true" data-width="550">
<p dir="ltr" lang="en">Bored on quarantine? Want to take a super in-depth character quiz with 121 questions? Drop ur results below if so, I’m curious about y’all <a href="https://t.co/I5LuIBt8rs">pic.twitter.com/I5LuIBt8rs</a></p>
<p>— Heather Hunter (@fr3ckledfriend) <a href="https://twitter.com/fr3ckledfriend/status/1246171048640417793?ref_src=twsrc^tfw">April 3, 2020</a></p></blockquote>
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</figure>
<p>Author J.K. Rowling also took the “which character” quiz, with predictable results:</p>
<figure></figure>
<p>Writer Caroline Framke had the brilliant idea to take the character quiz not for herself—but for her ideal partner:</p>
<figure>
<div>
<blockquote data-dnt="true" data-width="550">
<p dir="ltr" lang="en">tired: taking the % character quiz for yourself</p>
<p>wired and deeply cursed: taking the character quiz for your ideal partner <a href="https://t.co/NIvCIDA5zV">pic.twitter.com/NIvCIDA5zV</a></p>
</p>
<p>— Caroline Darya Framke (@carolineframke) <a href="https://twitter.com/carolineframke/status/1245810274617241600?ref_src=twsrc^tfw">April 2, 2020</a></p></blockquote>
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</figure>
<p>Hey, who knows? Maybe “which character” quiz-based psychometrics could be the future of dating? Sounds better than OK Cupid, anyway.</p>
<p><strong>READ MORE:</strong></p>
<ul>
<li><strong><a href="https://www.dailydot.com/irl/google-introduces-quiz-for-depressed-users/">Next time you Google ‘clinical depression,’ prepare to take a quiz about your symptoms</a></strong></li>
<li><strong><a href="https://www.dailydot.com/irl/porn-game-hot-glue-adventure-time-anime-lesbians/">Upcoming porn game combines ‘Adventure Time’ with anime lesbians</a></strong></li>
<li><strong><a href="https://www.dailydot.com/unclick/the-office-jim-pam-daughter-tiktok/">The internet has discovered Jim and Pam Halpert’s daughter—and she’s on TikTok</a></strong></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<p>
								*First Published: Apr 6, 2020, 12:50 pm							</p>
</p></div>
</p></div>
<div>
<div>
<h4>
      <a href="https://www.dailydot.com/author/staceyritzengmail-com/">Stacey Ritzen</a><br />
    </h4>
<p>Stacey Ritzen is a reporter and editor based in West Philadelphia with over 10 years&#8217; experience covering pop culture, web culture, entertainment, and news. You can follow her on Twitter @staceyritzen.</p>
</p></div>
<div>
    <a href="https://www.dailydot.com/author/staceyritzengmail-com/"><br />
      <img alt="Stacey Ritzen" data-src="https://www.dailydot.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/Stacey-Ritzen_avatar_1527191471-50x50.png" data-src-webp="https://www.dailydot.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/Stacey-Ritzen_avatar_1527191471-50x50.png.webp" height="50" src="data:image/svg xml,<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 50 50"></svg>&#8221; width=&#8221;50&#8243;></img></a>
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		<title>50-plussers in thuisisolatie kunnen nu video daten</title>
		<link>https://www.dollyrogers.nl/50-plussers-in-thuisisolatie-kunnen-nu-video-daten/</link>
				<pubDate>Mon, 06 Apr 2020 23:05:57 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[ZoekEenDate.nl]]></dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Senioren]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[50plusmatch]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[senioren dating]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.dollyrogers.nl/50-plussers-in-thuisisolatie-kunnen-nu-video-daten/</guid>
				<description><![CDATA[ROTTERDAM – Omdat singles elkaar tijdens de Corona-crisis niet lijfelijk kunnen ontmoeten, maakt datingsite 50PlusMatch het sinds kort mogelijk om te videobellen. Dat leidde meteen tot een aanzienlijke stijging van het datingverkeer op de site. 50PlusMatch is een van de grootste Nederlandse datingsites voor actieve ouderen. Juist die doelgroep wordt momenteel hard geraakt door het ... <a title="50-plussers in thuisisolatie kunnen nu video daten" class="read-more" href="https://www.dollyrogers.nl/50-plussers-in-thuisisolatie-kunnen-nu-video-daten/">Read more</a>]]></description>
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					<img src="https://www.emerce.nl/content/uploads/2020/04/50plusmatchchatimage-423x400.jpg"></img></p>
<p>ROTTERDAM – Omdat singles elkaar tijdens de Corona-crisis niet lijfelijk kunnen ontmoeten, maakt <a href="https://www.dollyrogers.nl" target="_blank">datingsite</a> 50PlusMatch het sinds kort mogelijk om te videobellen. Dat leidde meteen tot een aanzienlijke stijging van het datingverkeer op de site.</p>
<p>50PlusMatch is een van de grootste Nederlandse datingsites voor actieve ouderen. Juist die doelgroep wordt momenteel hard geraakt door het Coronavirus. Veel mensen zitten in vrijwilligere thuisquarantaine of werken noodgedwongen thuis. Normaal sturen de leden elkaar via de site berichten of appjes om af te spreken. ,,Maar in deze tijd kunnen mensen niet afspreken. Daarom hebben we het nu mogelijk gemaakt om met elkaar te videobellen, zodat je elkaar toch kunt zien”, legt John Meuffels van 50PlusMatch uit.</p>
<p>Veel datingsites en apps in binnen en buitenland zijn bezig om deze mogelijkheid te introduceren. 50PlusMatch is in Nederland een van de eerste die ermee is gestart. De afgelopen weken werd er al druk gebruik van gemaakt door de leden.</p>
<p>Van de 3 miljoen singles in Nederland is het merendeel ouder dan vijftig, berekende RTL Nieuws onlangs op basis van cijfers van het CBS. De datingpoel is het grootst als mensen halverwege de vijftig zijn. Niet alleen neemt de vergijzing toe, ook het aantal echtscheidingen boven de vijftig stijgt. Daardoor worden meer ouderen single en gaan meer mensen daten. Internet is daarbij al lang geen probleem meer. Bijna alle 50-plussers weten tegenwoordig prima online hun weg te vinden.</p>
<p>Tijdens de intelligente Corona-lockdown stijgt het gebruik van online datingsites enorm, meldt consumentenprogramma Radar. Zowel het aantal gebruikers als het aantal verstuurde berichten neemt explosief toe. Ook 50PlusMatch heeft 15 procent meer gebruikers dan normaal en ziet dat zijn leden een stuk actiever zijn dan gebruikelijk. Logisch ook, want mensen hebben meer tijd en omdat ze meer thuis zitten hebben ze meer behoefte aan contact.</p>
<p>50PlusMatch startte in 2006 en innoveert steeds om mensen nog makkelijker in contact te brengen met mogelijke partners. Videobellen is de nieuwste toevoeging aan de <a href="https://www.dollyrogers.nl" target="_blank">datingsite</a>. Als mensen inloggen zien ze wie er online is en kunnen ze die persoon een verzoek tot videobellen sturen. Dat kan zowel via de computer, laptop of smartphone. Als die persoon akkoord gaat komt het contact tot stand. Meuffels: ,,We willen niet dat mensen in deze tijd fysiek gaan afspreken. Dan is dit het next best alternatief. Zo hebben mensen toch meer contact dan via een bericht of appje. Na de crisis kunnen mensen dan weer lijfelijk met elkaar afspreken.”</p>
<p><em>Dit artikel is een ingezonden bericht en valt buiten de verantwoordelijkheid van de redactie.</em></p>
</p></div>
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		<title>با حرکت چینی از بحران کروناویروس ، مومو همچنان پایدار است</title>
		<link>https://www.dollyrogers.nl/%d8%a8%d8%a7-%d8%ad%d8%b1%da%a9%d8%aa-%da%86%db%8c%d9%86%db%8c-%d8%a7%d8%b2-%d8%a8%d8%ad%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%86-%da%a9%d8%b1%d9%88%d9%86%d8%a7%d9%88%db%8c%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%b3-%d8%8c-%d9%85%d9%88%d9%85%d9%88/</link>
				<pubDate>Mon, 06 Apr 2020 18:02:10 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[ZoekEenDate.nl]]></dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Tinder]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[tinder nieuws]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Tinder Tips]]></category>

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				<description><![CDATA[زمان آن است که دوباره به سمت راست &#8220;Tinder چین&#8221; بپیچید؟ سهام Momo ( NASDAQ : MOMO ) ، بزرگترین شرکت دوستیابی آنلاین در چین ، طی سه ماه گذشته با سقوط بحران کرونا ویروس ، بازار گاو نر را نابود کرد. با این حال ، سهام اخیراً پس از ضرب و شتم اعداد سه ... <a title="با حرکت چینی از بحران کروناویروس ، مومو همچنان پایدار است" class="read-more" href="https://www.dollyrogers.nl/%d8%a8%d8%a7-%d8%ad%d8%b1%da%a9%d8%aa-%da%86%db%8c%d9%86%db%8c-%d8%a7%d8%b2-%d8%a8%d8%ad%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%86-%da%a9%d8%b1%d9%88%d9%86%d8%a7%d9%88%db%8c%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%b3-%d8%8c-%d9%85%d9%88%d9%85%d9%88/">Read more</a>]]></description>
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<header>
<h2> زمان آن است که دوباره به سمت راست &#8220;Tinder چین&#8221; بپیچید؟ </h2>
</header>
</section>
<div>
<section> <span>    </p>
<p> سهام <strong> Momo </strong> <span data-id = "317500"> (<a href="https://www.fool.com/quote/nasdaq/momo/momo/ "> NASDAQ : MOMO </a>) </span> ، بزرگترین شرکت دوستیابی آنلاین در چین ، طی سه ماه گذشته با سقوط بحران کرونا ویروس ، بازار گاو نر را نابود کرد. با این حال ، سهام اخیراً پس از ضرب و شتم اعداد سه ماهه چهارم ، برآورد تحلیلگران را برگرداند </p>
<p> درآمد مومو سالانه 22٪ افزایش یافت و به 4.69 میلیارد یوان (673.4 میلیون دلار) رسید و برآوردها را 17.7 میلیون دلار ضرب کرد. درآمد خالص آن با رشد 60٪ به 1.06 میلیارد یوان (151.7 میلیون دلار) رسید. براساس <a href="https://www.fool.com/ognledge-center/your-guide-to-gaap.aspx"> غیر GAAP </a> ، درآمد خالص آن با 41٪ افزایش به 1.25 میلیارد دلار یوان (179.9 میلیون دلار) ، یا 0.81 دلار در هر ADS &#8211; که تخمین های آن با هفت سنت محاسبه می شود. </p>
<div> <img alt = "قلبهایی که از تلفن هوشمند شناور می شوند." src = "https://g.foolcdn.com/image/؟url=https٪3A٪2F٪2Fg.foolcdn.com٪2Feditorial٪2Fimages٪2F564493٪2Fgettyimages-1094164812.jpg&#038;w=700&#038;op=resize"> </img > </p>
<p> منبع تصویر: گتی ایماژ. </p>
</p></div>
<p> بیایید ببینیم چرا با شروع شیوع کروناویروس در چین ، تجارت شغلی انعطاف پذیر است ، و چرا سرعت رشد آن باید تثبیت شود زیرا سرعت عفونت چین کند می شود. </p>
<h2> شماره های کلیدی </h2>
<p> قبل از اینکه نرخ رشد مومو را مرور کنیم ، باید دو چیز را به خاطر بسپاریم. ابتدا ، مومو کوچکتر <a href = "https://www.fool.com/investing/2018/05/19/momo-gobbles-up-a-rival-dating-app-for-800-million.aspx را خریداری کرد "> برنامه دوستیابی Tantan </a> در اواسط سال 2018. دوم ، تانتان <a href="https://www.fool.com/investing/2019/05/13/momos-censorship-headaches-just-got-a-lot-worse.aspx "> موقتی کشیده شد </a> از فروشگاه های اپلیکیشن چین در سال گذشته به دلیل ادعاهای مربوط به تبلیغات نامناسب ، و خبرهای خبری Momo در تانتان و اپلیکیشن مخصوص خودش برای بررسی داخلی به حالت تعلیق درآمد. </p>
<p> خدمات مومو در تابستان گذشته به طور کامل احیا شد ، اما این اختلال رشد آن در سه ماهه دوم سال 2019 افزایش یافت. این کاهش در سه ماهه سوم ادامه داشت ، اما در طول سه ماهه چهارم تثبیت شد. </p>
<div>
<table>
<colgroup>
<col width = "105"> </col>
<col width = "82"> </col>
<col width = "87"> </col>
<col width = " 82 "> </col>
<col width =" 82 "> </col>
<col width =" 81 "> </col>
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<tbody>
<tr>
<th>
<p> رشد (YOY) </p>
</th>
<th>
<p> Q4 2018 </p>
</th>
<th>
<p> Q1 2019 </p>
</th>
<th>
<p> Q2 2019 </p>
</th>
<th>
<p> Q3 2019 </p>
</th>
<th>
<p> Q4 2019 </p>
</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p> درآمد </p>
</td>
<td>
<p> 50٪ </p>
</td>
<td>
<p> 35٪ </p>
</td>
<td>
<p> 32٪ </p>
</td>
<td>
<p> 22٪ </p>
</td>
<td>
<p> 22٪ </p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p> درآمد خالص * </p>
</td>
<td>
<p> 22٪ </p>
</td>
<td>
<p> 1٪ </p>
</td>
<td>
<p> 39٪ </p>
</td>
<td>
<p> 40٪ </p>
</td>
<td>
<p> 41٪ </p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table></div>
<p> YOY = سال گذشته. منبع: گزارش های سه ماهه Momo. * غیر GAAP. </p>
<p> کاربران فعال ماهانه برنامه اصلی Momo (MAU) سالانه 1٪ به 114.5 میلیون نفر رسیدند. تعداد کل کاربران پرداخت شده در هر دو برنامه با 6٪ افزایش به 13.8 میلیون نفر رسیده است. در این تعداد ، تعداد کاربران پرداخت شده Tantan با 15٪ افزایش به 4.5 میلیون رسید. </p>
<div> <img alt = "شخصی از یک برنامه دوست یابی استفاده می کند." src = "https://g.foolcdn.com/image/؟url=https٪3A٪2F٪2Fg.foolcdn.com٪2Feditorial٪2Fimages٪2F564493٪2Fgettyimages-1127085107.jpg&#038;w=700&#038;op=resize"> </img > </p>
<p> منبع تصویر: گتی ایماژ. </p>
</p></div>
<p> مومو اظهار داشت که میانگین زمان صرف شده برای برنامه اصلی خود ، به میزان دو سال بالایی رسیده است و میزان نگهداری آن در هر دو Momo و Tantan به سطح قبل از تعلیق رسیده است. ویژگی های جدید &#8211; از جمله خواستگاری مبتنی بر فیلم ، مینی بازی های اجتماعی و نسخه سبک تر این برنامه برای بازارهای پهنای باند پایین &#8211; در کاربران بیشتری قفل شده است. </p>
<p> درآمد پخش مستقیم Momo سالانه 14٪ افزایش یافت و 72٪ از خط اصلی آن را به خود اختصاص داد. درآمد خدمات ارزش افزوده آن (VAS) که عمدتا از هدایای مجازی Momo و اشتراک های Tantan حاصل می شود ، 65٪ افزایش یافته و 25٪ از خط اصلی آن را به خود اختصاص داده است. </p>
<p> مابقی درآمد Momo ناشی از تبلیغات و بازی های موبایل است. درآمد هر دو مشاغل کاهش یافت زیرا Momo در اولویت قرار دادن روند پخش مستقیم آن و بخشهای VAS قرار گرفت. </p>
<p> کل هزینه ها و مخارج Momo فقط سالانه در طول سه ماهه 12٪ افزایش یافت ، حتی در شرایطی که با فشار سختی در فضای پخش مستقیم مواجه شد <a href = "https://www.fool.com/investing/2020/03/18 /coronavirus-crisis-cant-crush-chinese-tech-joyy.aspx"> از رقبا </a> مانند <strong> JOYY </strong> <span data-id = "273778"> (<a href = "https : //www.fool.com/quote/nasdaq/yy/yy/ "> NASDAQ: YY </a>) </span>. در نتیجه ، حاشیه بهره برداری آن 620 نقطه پایه سالانه به 26.7٪ افزایش یافته است </p>
<h2> در حال گذر از شیوع تاج ویروس </h2>
<p> مومو انتظار دارد درآمد خود را در سه ماهه اول 5٪ -7٪ سالانه کاهش دهد زیرا تأثیر شیوع COVID-19 در چین را جذب می کند. در مقایسه ، JOYY هنوز انتظار دارد که درآمد خود را در طول سه ماهه اول سال جاری 41٪ -43٪ افزایش دهد ، زیرا بخش بزرگی از درآمد خود را در خارج از کشور تولید می کند. </p>
<p> Momo کند بودن خود را به سرنشینان كلان محدود كردن عادتهای خرجی كاربران پردرآمد ، تأخیر در بازگشت به شهرهای بزرگ و تلاشهای دوردست اجتماعی با افزایش تقاضا برای خدمات دوستیابی و تعدیل برخی ویژگیهای تعاملی در Momo نسبت می دهد. </p>
<p> در طول <a href = "https://www.fool.com/earnings/call-transcripts/2020/03/19/momo-inc-momo-q4-2019-earnings-call-transcript.aspx" > تماس کنفرانسی </a> ، کتی پنگ ، رئیس جمهوری اسلامی اظهار داشت که آن سرنشینان بیشترین تأثیر را روی مومو در ماه فوریه گرفتند ، زیرا بسیاری از شهرهای چین قفل شده بودند ، اما این وضعیت باعث بهبودی تدریجی در ترافیک و درآمد در ماه مارس شد. از بین رفت این اظهار نظر به شدت نشان می دهد که کند شدن مومو کوتاه مدت خواهد بود و سهام آن هفت برابر ارزان است و درآمد آن غیر GAAP بسیار ناچیز است. </p>
<h2> آیا زمان مناسب برای خرید مومو است؟ </h2>
<p> مومو با برنامه های دوستیابی خود ، در بازار فناوری شلوغ چین ، طاقچه ای قابل دفاع را حک کرده است. تجارت این کشور هنوز در حال گسترش است ، پس از گذر از بحران ، باید دوباره رشد آن سرعت یابد و به نظر می رسد سهام آن پایین آمده است. سهام می تواند به همراه بازار گسترده تر روند نزولی داشته باشد ، اما سرمایه گذاران که برخی از سهام را انباشته می کنند در طولانی مدت می توانند از پاداش خوبی برخوردار شوند. </p>
<p>     </span> <span data-content = "

<p> <em> <a href="http://boards.fool.com/profile/TMFSunLion/info.aspx "> لئو خورشید </a> در هیچکدام از آنها موقعیتی ندارد سهام Motole Fool به Momo توصیه می کند. Motley Fool دارای <a href="http://www.fool.com/Legal/fool-disclosure-policy.aspx "> خط مشی افشای </em> است. > </p>
<p> &#8220;> </span>      </section>
</p></div>
<p> </p>
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<p> ٪٪ مورد_read_more_button ٪٪</p>
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		<title>Coronababyboom of coronascheidingen: lastige tijden voor de liefde</title>
		<link>https://www.dollyrogers.nl/coronababyboom-of-coronascheidingen-lastige-tijden-voor-de-liefde/</link>
				<pubDate>Mon, 06 Apr 2020 17:02:50 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[ZoekEenDate.nl]]></dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Tinder]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[tinder nieuws]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Tinder Tips]]></category>

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				<description><![CDATA[Op social media wordt er volop gespeculeerd. Hebben we over negen maanden een babyboom – de ‘coronials’ &#8211; of juist meer scheidingen? „Geen van beide zou me verbazen. Het kan echt alle kanten opgaan,” zegt seksuoloog en psycholoog Eveline Stallaart aan de telefoon. Ze is thuis met haar man en kinderen, want in haar praktijkruimte ... <a title="Coronababyboom of coronascheidingen: lastige tijden voor de liefde" class="read-more" href="https://www.dollyrogers.nl/coronababyboom-of-coronascheidingen-lastige-tijden-voor-de-liefde/">Read more</a>]]></description>
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<p>Op social media wordt er volop gespeculeerd. Hebben we over negen maanden een babyboom – de ‘coronials’ &#8211; of juist meer scheidingen?</p>
<p>„Geen van beide zou me verbazen. Het kan echt alle kanten opgaan,” zegt seksuoloog en psycholoog Eveline Stallaart aan de telefoon. Ze is thuis met haar man en kinderen, want in haar praktijkruimte komt ze voorlopig niet – ze doet alle consulten via Skype. „Iedereen moet wennen aan deze nieuwe realiteit en dat maakt emoties los. Hoogoplopende gevoelens kunnen van alles in beweging zetten.”</p>
<p>Dat blijkt, zo leert de geschiedenis ons. Vlak na de Tweede Wereldoorlog zorgde de euforie van de bevrijding voor de bekende geboortegolf. Maar er zijn nog meer rampen of crises geweest met opvallende uitkomsten. Wetenschappers van onder andere het Amerikaanse Pennsylvania State University onderzochten welke impact orkaan Hugo in 1989 had op liefdesrelaties. <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11915406">Uit die studie</a>  bleek dat een jaar later het aantal scheidingen significant was toegenomen, evenals het aantal bruiloften en geboortes. En volgens <a href="https://www.cbs.nl/nl-nl/achtergrond/2012/46/crisis-in-de-economie-crisis-in-relatie-en-gezinsvorming-">cijfers</a> van het CBS  kan een economische crisis leiden tot spanningen binnen het huwelijk, met meer scheidingen tot gevolg – al kunnen financiële problemen het ook moeilijker maken om te scheiden, vanwege de kosten. </p>
<p>„De angst voor iets onbekends is heel besmettelijk, misschien nog wel besmettelijker dan een virus”, zegt Jan Geurtz,  leraar Tibetaans boeddhisme en auteur van onder andere de bestseller <em>Verslaafd aan liefde</em>. Hij zit thuis en is druk bezig met het verzetten van zijn cursussen. „Als je eenmaal in die massale angstpsychose zit, wat nu wereldwijd gebeurt, ga je alles door die bril zien”, zegt hij. Dat heeft volgens hem invloed op hoe mensen zich tot elkaar verhouden en dat kan relaties op de spits drijven.</p>
<h2>Zorgen over het nieuws </h2>
<p>Ook Steven (31) merkt dat. Hij is werkzaam als manager in een IT-bedrijf en wil vanwege privacyredenen niet met zijn achternaam in <em>NRC</em>. Op dit moment werkt hij thuis en past hij zoveel mogelijk op de kinderen terwijl zijn vrouw parttime aan het werk is, vooralsnog buitenshuis. „Ze is heel gevoelig voor nieuws”, zegt hij. „Ze wéét dat het beter is om niet alles te lezen, omdat ze zich dan nog meer zorgen gaat maken. Maar wat doet ze? De hele dag het nieuws afstruinen.” Steven ergert zich aan dat gedrag, maar door alle spanningen heeft hij een korter lontje dan normaal, geeft hij toe. Dat leidt tot irritaties aan beide kanten. </p>
<p>Volgens Stallaart zullen veel stellen de komende tijd met dit soort frustraties te maken krijgen. „Het is een bekend gegeven dat je elkaar pas echt leert kennen tijdens een vakantie. Je brengt samen veel tijd door en zit dicht op elkaar.” De coronacrisis zorgt voor een vergelijkbare situatie, maar dan gedwongen en extreem beladen, zegt ze. „Dat kan het slechtste in een mens naar boven halen.” </p>
<p>Ze voorziet snelkookpansituaties waarin kleine relationele problemen worden uitvergroot. Ook de karakterverschillen tussen partners kunnen een grotere rol gaan spelen. Als de een van nature nerveus is en de ander juist nuchter, kan dat onder deze omstandigheden tot onbegrip en ruzie leiden. Het Landelijk Netwerk Veilig Thuis zegt zelfs een stroom aan nieuwe geweldsincidenten te vrezen, en vragen daarvoor <a href="https://www.zorgvisie.nl/zorgen-over-toename-huiselijk-geweld-door-coronacrisis/">aandacht</a> aan zorgprofessionals, de samenleving en zorgbestuurders. </p>
<h2>Teamwork verbindt</h2>
<p>Maar dreiging van buitenaf kan ook verbroederen. Zo worden mensen hechter en komt hun liefde meer tot uiting, zegt Geurtz. Dat herkent Steven.  „Een paar jaar geleden maakten we een wandeltocht door de Karpaten in Roemenië en raakten we tegen zonsondergang verdwaald. Eerst was er paniek, maar vervolgens bleek dat we ontzettend goed konden samenwerken. Dankzij teamwork wisten we de weg terug te vinden.”  </p>
<p>Houden Steven en zijn vrouw zich eigenlijk aan de voorschriften om zo veel mogelijk fysieke afstand te bewaren? „Wel met de buitenwereld, maar zolang we geen van tweeën symptomen hebben, slapen we in hetzelfde bed.” </p>
<p>Toch wil dat niet zeggen dat het  romantische leven van mensen een oppepper krijgt. „We zijn op dit moment niet licht en luchtig in ons hoofd, waardoor we minder snel aan seks denken,” zegt Stallaart. „Dat de kinderen nu de hele thuis zijn, helpt daarbij ook niet. Anderzijds is seks juist een goede manier om even afstand te nemen van alles wat nu speelt.”</p>
<p>Wetenschapper Todd Kashdan, verbonden aan George Mason University in de VS, concludeerde <a href="https://w0ww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28604041)">na onderzoek</a> dat seks aanzienlijk bijdraagt aan ons algeheel geluksgevoel – vooral de dag ná seksuele actie. Seksueel contact zou een communicatiemiddel zijn dat sociale inclusie uitdrukt tussen partners, wat zorgt voor een gevoel van verbondheid. Dat verbetert de emotionele gezondheid en maakt ons op deze manier weerbaar in crisistijden. </p>
<h2>Het singlebestaan</h2>
<p>Maar wat als je alleenstaand bent? Ja, dat is lastig in deze tijd, beaamt Melvin van den Kieboom (28) uit Capelle aan den IJssel. Hij is werkzaam als zelfstandig kok en heeft een druk sociaal leven. Sinds vijf jaar is hij single, en hoewel hij niet actief op zoek is naar een vaste vriend, begint het singlebestaan nu toch wel te knagen. „Ik heb normaal gesproken altijd mensen om me heen,” zegt hij. „Maar nu ik hele dagen alleen thuiszit, zet me dat toch aan het denken over mijn liefdesleven. Je mist iemand.” Vooral ’s avonds vindt hij het confronterend. Hij mist de huiselijke gezelligheid van samen koken, tv kijken, slapen en alles kunnen delen. </p>
<p>Ook Myrna Westdorp (32) uit Rotterdam mist dat. Ze werkt in de logistiek en ze is sinds vier jaar single. „Ik ben blij dat de coronacrisis niet vorig jaar gebeurde, want dan was ik gek geworden,” zegt ze. Destijds zat ze in een moeilijke periode, omdat ze heel graag het complete plaatje van een gezin wilde, wat maar niet lukte. „Steeds meer vriendinnen gingen trouwen en kregen kinderen, terwijl ik gevoelsmatig in mijn eentje achterbleef.” Maar nu richt ze zich vooral op de positieve kanten van haar leven. „Niks is zaligmakend, een relatie is geen garantie voor geluk. Al mis ik natuurlijk wel die geruststellende arm om mijn schouder, zeker tijdens deze spannende periode.”</p>
<p>Westdorp is  blij met het gezelschap van haar twee katten. „Ze liggen constant bij me op schoot, wat echt heel fijn is. Want hoewel ik veel bel met familie en vrienden, mis ik het verschrikkelijk om aangeraakt te worden. Soms zo erg dat het pijn doet,” zegt ze. </p>
<h2>Huidhonger</h2>
<p>Waarom willen we dat eigenlijk zo graag, aangeraakt worden? „We worden allemaal geboren met een zekere mate van huidhonger,” legt Stallaart uit. Dat is de biologische behoefte aan lichamelijk contact. Uit een <a href="http://pediatrics.med.miami.edu/touch-research/">onderzoek</a> van het Touch Research Institute aan de University of Miami  bleek dat kinderen die minder lichamelijke affectie kregen, vaker verbaal agressief gedrag vertoonden in hun puberteit dan kinderen die wél liefdevol waren aangeraakt. </p>
<p>Een studie van de University College London toonde aan dat langzame, zachte strelingen gevoelens van sociale uitsluiting verminderen – en dat laatste is een van de pijnlijkste gevoelens die een mens kan ervaren. </p>
<p>Diantha Voskuijl (22) zit in vrijwillige quarantaine op haar kamer in Amsterdam. Ze werkt in de jeugdzorg en ze is sinds december single. De afgelopen maanden heeft ze met veel verschillende mensen gedatet. Maar nu ligt haar liefdesleven stil. „Ik onderga de komende periode als een moment van berusting,” zegt ze. Ze onderhoudt haar sociale contacten via Facetime en WhatsApp. Ook maakt ze nog steeds gebruik van de datingapp OKCupid, waarop je kunt aangeven of je wel of niet fysiek wilt afspreken.</p>
<p>Vrijwel alle datingapps houden rekening met de coronacrisis. Zo heeft Tinder de ‘Passport’-feature, waarmee je in contact kunt komen met mensen over de hele wereld, tot eind april gratis gemaakt. Ze hopen daarmee de verbinding tussen mensen te <a href="https://www.news18.com/news/tech/stayhome-dating-in-times-of-coronavirus-tinder-passport-available-for-free-until-april-30-2545659.html">stimuleren</a>.  „Wanneer alles onder controle is, pak ik mijn dateleven wel weer op,” zegt Voskuijl. „Als dan blijkt dat sommige contacten niet bestand waren tegen zo’n sabbatical, is dat maar zo.”  </p>
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