Dotnet Help Center

Getting started with Windows Workflow Foundation (WWF)

noreply@blogger.com (Manas) — Tue, 04 Jan 2011 19:56:00 +0000

Windows Workflow Foundation (WWF) is one of the key pillars of the .NET Framework 3.0 (formerly known as WinFX), next to Windows Presentation Foundation (WPF), Windows Communication Foundation (WCF) and Windows CardSpace (WCS).

Now we ready to start a simple WWF example which demonstrated as bellow in steps. This example I demonstrated by using VS 2008 but you can do it in VS 2005 also by downloading the template from the bellow link:

http://www.microsoft.com/downloads/en/details.aspx?FamilyId=5D61409E-1FA3-48CF-8023-E8F38E709BA6&displaylang=en

STEP: 1 Start Visual Studio 2008 and select create new project and Choose for a Sequential Workflow Console Application. Let's named it HelloWorkflow . In the solution explorer, delete Workflow1.cs. Although this is not necessary it's interesting to create the workflow in another way, using "code separation" with XOML (which stands for eXtensible Object Markup Language).

Click on image to see in big size

STEP: 2 Then add a new item to the project and choose for Sequential Workflow (with code separation) and named it HelloWorkflow. As you can see, it has the extension .xoml.

Click on image to see in big size

STEP: 3 Workflows consist of activities that are executed in a well-defined order by the workflow runtime engine. These activities can be found in the Visual Studio 2008 toolbox, but it's also possible to create your own activities.The tool box looks like as follows:

Click on image to see in big size

STEP: 4 For this demo, drag and drop a Code (Activity) to the "Drop Activities to create a Sequential Workflow" part in the designer. Using the properties grid, change the name of the new activity from codeActivity1 to sayHello. The result should look like this:

Click on image to see in big size

The red exclamation mark tells you there's still something wrong with the activity's configuration. More specifically, the designer tells you "Property 'ExecuteCode' is not set.". Basically, ExecuteCode is an event handler which can be created by double-clicking on the code activity. (Note: for other activities too, always use the red exclamation mark assistance to configure an activity properly). The code for our activity will consist of a simple Console.WriteLine() method.

using System;

using System.ComponentModel;

using System.ComponentModel.Design;

using System.Collections;

using System.Drawing;

using System.Linq;

using System.Workflow.ComponentModel.Compiler;

using System.Workflow.ComponentModel.Serialization;

using System.Workflow.ComponentModel;

using System.Workflow.ComponentModel.Design;

using System.Workflow.Runtime;

using System.Workflow.Activities;

using System.Workflow.Activities.Rules;

namespace HelloWorkflow

{

public partial class HelloWorkflow : SequentialWorkflowActivity

{

private void sayHello_ExecuteCode(object sender, EventArgs e)

{

Console.WriteLine("Hello, Workflow..!");

Console.WriteLine("Please press any KEY to continue....");

Console.ReadLine();

}

}

Notice the use of a partial class. The other part of the HelloWorkflow definition lives in the .xoml file. Right click the HelloWorkflow.xoml file in the Solution Explorer, choose Open With... and select the XML Editor:

SequentialWorkflowActivity>

STEP: 5 In order to execute a workflow, one need to host the workflow engine. However, no worries: Visual Studio 2008 has generated the code for us in Program.cs. It needs a little modification however because we did remove Workflow1.cs and replaced it by HelloWorkflow.cs. Here's the modified Main code (change indicated in yellow marked):

namespace HelloWorkflow

{

class Program

{

static void Main(string[] args)

{

using(WorkflowRuntime workflowRuntime = new WorkflowRuntime())

{

AutoResetEvent waitHandle = new AutoResetEvent(false);

workflowRuntime.WorkflowCompleted += delegate(object sender, WorkflowCompletedEventArgs e) {waitHandle.Set();};

workflowRuntime.WorkflowTerminated += delegate(object sender, WorkflowTerminatedEventArgs e)

{

Console.WriteLine(e.Exception.Message);

waitHandle.Set();

};

WorkflowInstance instance = workflowRuntime.CreateWorkflow(typeof(HelloWorkflow));

instance.Start();

waitHandle.WaitOne();

}

}
This code initializes the WorkflowRuntime and starts the workflow by calling the CreateWorkflow method. The anonymous method plumbing keeps the console application alive till the workflow has executed and also reports exceptions that terminated the workflow.

STEP: 6 Now we are ready to see the output of our effort. Press Ctrl+F5

Click on image to see in big size

Hope It Helps…!

A Silverlight Application By Using ADO.NET DataEntities and WCF Service

noreply@blogger.com (Manas) — Sun, 05 Sep 2010 15:11:00 +0000

Before we start this application we have to install the following pre-requisite software:

Visual Studio 2008 with SP1 or Visual Studio 2010
SQL Server 2005 or later version
Silverlight 3 or later version with full toolkits

After installed the above pre-requisites we are now ready to start our application.

STEP: 1. Ready the database which will be use in our application. Here I am using the local database called DG in which Tab_Emp is the table.

STEP: 2. Create a new Silverlight project, named SilverlightWcfEntities, and accept the default of creating an ASP.NET Web Application.

Visual Studio will create one solution with two projects:

SilverlightWcfEntities (the Silverlight project)
SilverlightWcfEntities.Web (the Web project)

The second project will house both the ADO.NET Entity model and the web service, while the first will hold the Silverlight DataGrid.

STEP: 3. To create the Data Model, right click on SilverlightWcfEntitities (the web project) and select Add >>> New Item. Choose Ado.Net Entity Data Model, name it EmployeeDataModel.edmx and click the Add button.

In the next dialog click on the Generate from Database button – this will, ultimately, because the data model to be created for you, a wonderful thing saving you endless boring work. The next dialog will ask you to choose the data connection you’d like to use.

And once the connection is made and the data structure retrieved, you’ll be asked to select which tables, views and stored procedures you’d like included in your model. Here I selected just one table: Tab_Emp. We can select stored procedure and views also.

When we click Finish, our entity data model is generated. Spend a couple minutes looking at the result, it is quite cool. Note there may be a window hiding at the bottom of Visual Studio named Mapping Details. Examine the result of that window.

STEP: 4. With the Entity Data Model in place we’re ready to create a web service to make the data available to the Silverlight application that will be running on the client.

Once again right-click on SilverlightWcfEntitities (the web project) and chose Add >>> New Item, this time selecting Silverlight-Enabled WCF Service. Name the new service EmployeeWebService and click Add.

Open EmployeeWebService.svc.cs where we will find a stub method, DoWork() which we will modify to fetch the list of employees.

[ServiceContract(Namespace = "")]

[AspNetCompatibilityRequirements(RequirementsMode = AspNetCompatibilityRequirementsMode.Allowed)]

public class EmployeeWebService

{

[OperationContract]

public List<Tab_Emp> GetEmployees()

{

EmployeeEntities empEntity = new EmployeeEntities();

return empEntity.Tab_Emp.Where(emp => emp.DeptName.Equals("Developer")).ToList();

}

// Add more operations here and mark them with [OperationContract]

}

The first line of the GetEmployees() method creates an instance of the Data Entity that we defined earlier.

The second line asks the data entity instance for the Employee objects, but since there are a lot of them, it adds a where clause, using a lambda expression to narrow the return set and then calls ToList() on the result effectively casting the result set to a List.

STEP: 5. Lets now move to silverlight application named SilverlightWcfEntities (the Silverlight project) and right click on that project and select reference >>> Add Service Reference. On that dialog click on Discover. The Web Service we created earlier (EmployeeWebService) will appear in the list. Click on it and then rename the namespace to EmployeeWebService.

After getting the service reference we’ll start working on MainPage.xaml of the SilverlightWcfEntities (the Silverlight project). First we drag a datagrid from the toolbox which makes the code like this:

<UserControl xmlns:data="clr-namespace:System.Windows.Controls;assembly=System.Windows.Controls.Data" x:Class="EntitiesWebSvcGrid.MainPage"
   xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
   xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
   xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008" xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006"
   mc:Ignorable="d" d:DesignWidth="640" d:DesignHeight="480">
    <Grid x:Name="LayoutRoot" Background="White">
       <data:DataGrid x:Name="dg" >data:DataGrid>
    Grid>
UserControl>

Then switch to the MainPage.xaml.cs and there we have to to create an instance of the web service client and then use that client to call the GetEmployees method on the web service. Write this method in Page_Loaded() event.

public MainPage()
        {
            InitializeComponent();
            Loaded += new RoutedEventHandler(Page_Loaded);
        }

        void Page_Loaded(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
        {
            EmployeeWebService.EmployeeWebServiceClient ws = new EntitiesWebSvcGrid.EmployeeWebService.EmployeeWebServiceClient();

        }

Because Silverlight applications run in the browser, however, we cannot make direct method calls (you must not block the browser) but rather must make asynchronous calls. In fact, Intellisense not only offers an async alternative, it does not even offer the synchronous method we created. So we have to call the GetEmployeeAsync method for that. After which we have to define another event called GetEmployeeCompleted where we set the data source for our grid in runtime.

So please don’t worry just compare your whole code as shown bellow:

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Net;
using System.Windows;
using System.Windows.Controls;
using System.Windows.Documents;
using System.Windows.Input;
using System.Windows.Media;
using System.Windows.Media.Animation;
using System.Windows.Shapes;

namespace EntitiesWebSvcGrid
{
    public partial class MainPage : UserControl
    {
        public MainPage()
        {
            InitializeComponent();
            Loaded += new RoutedEventHandler(Page_Loaded);
        }

        void Page_Loaded(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
        {
            EmployeeWebService.EmployeeWebServiceClient ws = new EntitiesWebSvcGrid.EmployeeWebService.EmployeeWebServiceClient();
            ws.GetEmployeesCompleted += new EventHandlerGetEmployeesCompletedEventArgs>(ws_GetEmployeesCompleted);
            ws.GetEmployeesAsync();
        }
        void ws_GetEmployeesCompleted(object sender, EntitiesWebSvcGrid.EmployeeWebService.GetEmployeesCompletedEventArgs e)
        {
            dg.ItemsSource = e.Result;
        }
    }
}

Now its its time to see the output of the whole process. So just press F5 and here we go…

Note: number of rows may be differing according to the data you have.

Hope It Helps..!

Difference Between WPF and Silverlight

noreply@blogger.com (Manas) — Thu, 02 Sep 2010 18:27:00 +0000

Silverlight and Windows Presentation Foundation (WPF) are 2 different products from Microsoft, but have lot of overlap. Silverlight is a sub set of WPF in terms of features and functionality.

Silverlight is a Microsoft technology, competing with Adobes Flash and is meant for developing rich browser based internet applications.

WPF is a graphical subsystem that was added as a part of the .NET Framework. It allows developers to easily develop interfaces for their Windows applications. Microsoft Silverlight is another piece of software from Microsoft that offers the same capabilities. It is simply a subset of the already existing WPF. For a period of time, Silverlight was called WPF/E, with the ‘E’ standing for ‘everywhere’.

Now here we can summaries the difference as bellow:

WPF

Silverlight

1. WPF is for local use.

Silverlight is meant to be used online.

2. WPF applications are restricted to later versions of the Windows operating system.

Silverlight applications regardless of the operating system.

3. WPF can utilize local resources.

Silverlight lacks access to local resources.

4. WPF is capable of full 3D images.

Silverlight only has perspective 3D support.

New Features in the .NET Framework 3.5

noreply@blogger.com (Manas) — Sat, 14 Aug 2010 15:49:00 +0000

Microsoft released ASP.NET 3.5 on November 19, 2007. Along with it, was released Visual Studio 2008. In this version Microsoft enhanced features of .NET Framework Version 3.0 and adds some new too. Now we will take a look at new and enhanced features in the .NET Framework version 3.5. The features updated or added by Microsoft are:

.NET Compact Framework
ASP.NET
Add-Ins and Extensibility
Common Language Runtime
Cryptography
Networking
Windows Communication Foundation
Windows Presentation Foundation
Windows Workflow Foundation
Windows Forms
LINQ
Expression Trees
Programming Languages

Let’s discuss all the features one by one briefly:

NET Compact Framework

NET Compact Framework helps in the develop contents for a Pocket PC or a Smartphone. The .NET Compact Framework version 3.5 extends the .NET Compact Framework with many new features. The .NET Compact Framework version 3.5 expands support for distributed mobile applications by includes:

Windows Communication Foundation (WCF) technology
Language-Integrated Query (LINQ)
Improvements made to Windows Forms controls
SoundPlayer to play multiple sounds.
Supports Compression through the System.IO.Compression namespace
Supports the CreateDelegate method
Supports the CLR Profiler
Supports the Configuration Tool (which provides runtime version information and administrative functions)
Debugging enhancements
Improvements have been made to logging features
Information about the platform type
The runtime tools library with diagnostic tools, such as Remote Performance Monitor, with the emulator.
Strong names that are greater than 1,024 bytes are now supported
The global assembly provides improved error handling and integration with Windows Embedded CE version 6.0.
The class library documentation improved

ASP.NET

The .NET Framework 3.5 includes enhancements in targeted areas of ASP.NET and Visual Web Developer. In ASP.NET 2.0 to use AJAX we have to download the extensions and install it. However in ASP.NET 3.5, ASP.NET AJAX is integrated into the .NET Framework. The Microsoft AJAX Library supports client-centric, object-oriented development, which is browser-independent. By using the library classes in your ECMAScript (JavaScript) you can enable rich UI behaviors without roundtrips to the server.Visual Web Developer includes improved IntelliSense support for JavaScript and support for the Microsoft AJAX Library. The integration of ASP.NET and IIS 7.0 includes the ability to use ASP.NET services, such as authentication and caching, for any content type. It also includes the ability to develop server pipeline modules in ASP.NET managed code and supports unified configuration of modules and handlers.

Other improvements in ASP.NET include new data control ListView and DataPager along with a new datasource control called the LinqDataSource that exposes Language Integrated Query (LINQ) to Web developers through the ASP.NET data source control architectures. ASP.NET 3.5 includes a new merge tool (aspnet_merge.exe). This tool lets you combine and manage assemblies created by aspnet_compiler.exe. This tool was available earlier as an add-on.

ListView Class

ListView Class displays the values of a data source by using user-defined templates. The ListView control enables users to select, sort, delete, edit, and insert records. The ListView control is quiet flexible and contains features of the Gridview, Datagrid, Repeater and similar list controls available in ASP.NET 2.0.

DataPager

Provides paging functionality for data-bound controls that implement the IPageableItemContainer interface, such as the ListView control.The best advantage is that you need not have to keep it ‘tied’ with the control on which the paging is being done. You can keep it anywhere on the page.DataPager gives you a consistent way of paging with the controls that support it.

Add-Ins and Extensibility

The System.AddIn.dll assembly in the .NET Framework 3.5 provides powerful and flexible support to developers of extensible applications. It introduces a new architecture and model that helps developers with the initial work to add extensibility to an application and by ensuring that their extensions continue working as the host application changes.

Common Language Runtime

Common Language Runtime used in .NET 3.5 has improved and its feature also gets updated. Which are Collections, Diagnostics, I/O and Pipes, Garbage Collection, Reflection and Reflection Emit in Partial Trust, Threading Better Reader n Writer Lock, ThreadPool Performance Enhancements, Time Zone Improvements, TimeZoneInfo and DateTimeOffset.

Cryptography

To improve security .NET 3.5 updated with some features. There are new cryptography classes for verifying and obtaining information about manifest signatures for ClickOnce applications. The .NET Framework 3.5 supports the Suite B set of cryptographic algorithms.

Networking

Several features in networking also get improved in .NET 3.5. Peer to peer networking is a serverless networking technology that allows several network devices to share resources and communicate directly with each other is get improved. The Socket class has been enhanced for use by applications that use asynchronous network I/O to achieve the highest performance. These enhancements were specifically designed for network server applications that require the high-performance.

Windows Communication Foundation and Windows Workflow Foundation

The .NET Framework 3.5 unifies the Windows Workflow Foundation (WF) and Windows Communication Foundation (WCF) frameworks so that you can use WF as a way to author WCF services or expose your existing WF workflow as a service. This enables you to create services that can be persisted, can easily transfer data in and out of a workflow, and can enforce application-level protocols.

Windows Presentation Foundation

In the .NET Framework 3.5, Windows Presentation Foundation contains changes sand improvements in numerous areas, including versioning, the application model, data binding, controls, documents, annotations, and 3-D UI elements.

Windows Forms

Windows Forms has enhanced to host Windows Presentation Foundation (WPF) controls and content together with Windows Forms controls. You can also open WPF windows from a Windows Form. Client application services are new in the .NET Framework 3.5 and enable Windows-based applications (including Windows Forms and Windows Presentation Foundation applications) to easily access the ASP.NET login, roles, and profile services. These services enable you to authenticate users and retrieve user roles and application settings from a shared server.

Language-Integrated Query (LINQ)

Language-Integrated Query (LINQ) is a new feature in Visual Studio 2008 and the .NET Framework 3.5. LINQ adds native data querying capability to C# and VB.NET along with the compiler and Intellisense support. This technology can be extended to support potentially any kind of data store. The .NET Framework 3.5 includes LINQ provider assemblies that enable the use of LINQ for querying .NET Framework collections, SQL Server databases, ADO.NET Datasets, and XML documents.

Expression Trees

Expression trees are new in the .NET Framework 3.5, and provide a way to represent language-level code in the form of data. Expression trees are used extensively in LINQ queries that target remote data sources such as a SQL database. These queries are represented as expression trees, and this representation enables query providers to examine them and translate them into a domain-specific query language.

Programming Languages

Visual C#, Visual C++ 2008, Visual Basic Language Three Microsoft programming languages explicitly target the .NET Framework so to achieve this some new changes are carried out for it.

ASP.NET HTTP Modules and HTTP Handlers Overview

noreply@blogger.com (Manas) — Sun, 08 Aug 2010 15:19:00 +0000

HTTP modules and HTTP handlers are an integral part of the ASP.NET architecture. While a request is being processed, each request is processed by multiple HTTP modules (for example, the authentication module and the session module) and is then processed by a single HTTP handler. After the handler has processed the request, the request flows back through the HTTP modules.

HTTP Modules:

Modules are called before and after the handler executes. Modules enable developers to intercept, participate in, or modify each individual request. Modules implement the IHttpModule interface, which is located in the System.Web namespace.

An HttpApplication class provides a number of events with which modules can synchronize. The following events are available for modules to synchronize with on each request. These events are listed in sequential order:

BeginRequest: Request has been started. If you need to do something at the beginning of a request (for example, display advertisement banners at the top of each page), synchronize this event.

AuthenticateRequest: If you want to plug in your own custom authentication scheme (for example, look up a user against a database to validate the password), build a module that synchronizes this event and authenticates the user how you want to.

AuthorizeRequest: This event is used internally to implement authorization mechanisms (for example, to store your access control lists (ACLs) in a database rather than in the file system). Although you can override this event, there are not many good reasons to do so.

ResolveRequestCache: This event determines if a page can be served from the Output cache. If you want to write your own caching module (for example, build a file-based cache rather than a memory cache), synchronize this event to determine whether to serve the page from the cache.

AcquireRequestState: Session state is retrieved from the state store. If you want to build your own state management module, synchronize this event to grab the Session state from your state store.

PreRequestHandlerExecute: This event occurs before the HTTP handler is executed.

PostRequestHandlerExecute: This event occurs after the HTTP handler is executed.

ReleaseRequestState: Session state is stored back in the state store. If you are building a custom session state module, you must store your state back in your state store.
UpdateRequestCache: This event writes output back to the Output cache. If you are building a custom cache module, you write the output back to your cache.

EndRequest: Request has been completed. You may want to build a debugging module that gathers information throughout the request and then writes the information to the page.

The following events are available for modules to synchronize with for each request transmission. The order of these events is non-deterministic.

PreSendRequestHeaders: This event occurs before the headers are sent. If you want to add additional headers, you can synchronize this event from a custom module.

PreSendRequestContent: This event occurs when the Response.Flush method is called. If you want to add additional content, you can synchronize this event from a custom module.

Error: This event occurs when an unhandled exception occurs. If you want to write a custom error handler module, synchronize this event.

Configuring HTTP Modules

The configuration section handler is responsible for configuring the HTTP modules within an application. It can be declared at the computer, site, or application level. Use the following syntax for the section handler:

httpModules>

Creating HTTP Modules

To create an HTTP module, you must implement the IHttpModule interface. The IHttpModule interface has two methods with the following signatures:

public void Init(HttpApplication app)

{

}

public void Dispose() { }

HTTP Handlers

Handlers are used to process individual endpoint requests. Handlers enable the ASP.NET framework to process individual HTTP URLs or groups of URL extensions within an application. Unlike modules, only one handler is used to process a request. All handlers implement the IHttpHandler interface, which is located in the System.Web namespace. Handlers are somewhat analogous to Internet Server Application Programming Interface (ISAPI) extensions.

Configuring HTTP Handlers

The configuration section handler is responsible for mapping incoming URLs to the IHttpHandler or IHttpHandlerFactory class. It can be declared at the computer, site, or application level. Subdirectories inherit these settings.

Administrators use the tag directive to configure the section. directives are interpreted and processed in a top-down sequential order. Use the following syntax for the section handler:

httpHandlers>

Creating HTTP Handlers

To create an HTTP handler, you must implement the IHttpHandler interface. The IHttpHandler interface has one method and one property with the following signatures:

public bool IsReusable

{

get { return false; }

}

public void ProcessRequest(HttpContext context)

{

// some codes....

}

NOTE: If session state is required in your HTTP handler, you also need to implement the IRequiresSessionState interface.

Hope It Helps…!

Overview of Static Members in C#

noreply@blogger.com (Manas) — Wed, 19 May 2010 19:29:00 +0000

Static Class:

A static class is basically the same as a non-static class, but there is one difference: a static class cannot be instantiated. In other words, you cannot use the new keyword to create a variable of the class type. Because there is no instance variable, you access the members of a static class by using the class name itself.

The following list provides the main features of a static class:

Contains only static members.
Cannot be instantiated.
Is sealed.
Cannot contain Instance Constructors.

Static classes are sealed and therefore cannot be inherited. They cannot inherit from any class except Object. Static classes cannot contain an instance constructor; however, they can contain a static constructor. Non-static classes should also define a static constructor if the class contains static members that require non-trivial initialization.

Static Fields:

When a field declaration includes a static modifier, the fields introduced by the declaration are static fields.

Static fields have the following properties:

A static field is not part of a specific instance instead; it identifies exactly one storage location.

A static field is always accessed by the class name, not the instance name.

If your class contains static fields, provide a static constructor that initializes them when the class is loaded.

C# does not support static local variables (variables that are declared in method scope).

Static fields can be declared as follows by using the keyword static.

class MyClass

{

public static int x;

public static int y = 20;

}

When we declare a static field inside a class, it can be initialized with a value as shown above. All un-initialized static fields automatically get initialized to their default values when the class is loaded first time.

Static Constructor:

A static constructor is used to initialize any static data, or to perform a particular action that needs performed once only. It is called automatically before the first instance is created or any static members are referenced.

Static constructors have the following properties:

A static constructor does not take access modifiers or have parameters.

A static constructor is called automatically to initialize the class before the first instance is created or any static members are referenced.

A static constructor cannot be called directly.

The user has no control on when the static constructor is executed in the program.

The name of a static constructor must be the name of the class and even they don't have any return type.

A typical use of static constructors is when the class is using a log file and the constructor is used to write entries to this file.

Static constructors are also useful when creating wrapper classes for unmanaged code, when the constructor can call the LoadLibrary method.

If a static constructor throws an exception, the runtime will not invoke it a second time, and the type will remain uninitialized for the lifetime of the application domain in which your program is running.

Example:

// C# static constructor

class MyClass

{

public static int x;

public static int y;

static MyClass()

{

x = 100;

y = 200;

}

class MyClient

{

public static void Main()

{

Console.WriteLine("{0},{1},{2}", MyClass.x, MyClass.y);

}

Static Functions:

A member functions can also be declared as static. But a static member function can access only other static members. They can access non-static members only through an instance of the class.

We can invoke a static member only through the name of the class.

Example:

// C# static Member function

class MyClass

{

private static int x = 20;

private static int y = 40;

public static void Method()

{

Console.WriteLine("{0},{1}", x, y);

}

class MyClient

{

public static void Main()

{

MyClass.Method();

}

Static Properties:

The properties also in C# can be declared as static. The static properties are accessing using the class name.

Example:

// C#: static Properties

class MyClass

{

public static int X

{

get

{

Console.Write("GET");

return 10;

}

set

{

Console.Write("SET");

}

class MyClient

{

public static void Main()

{

MyClass.X = 20; // calls setter displays SET

int val = MyClass.X;// calls getter displays GET

}

But a static member in C# can't be marked as override, virtual or abstract. However it is possible to hide a base class static method in a derived class by using the keyword new.

Example:

// C#:static Override

class MyBase

{

public static int x = 25;

public static void Method()

{

Console.WriteLine("Base static method");

}

class MyClass : MyBase

{

public new static int x = 50;

public new static void Method()

{

Console.WriteLine("Derived static method");

}

class MyClient

{

public static void Main()

{

MyClass.Method(); // Displays 'Derived static method'

Console.WriteLine(MyClass.x);// Displays 50

}

Hope It Helps...!

Object and Collection Initializers in ASP.net

noreply@blogger.com (Manas) — Fri, 30 Apr 2010 15:18:00 +0000

Object initializers let you assign values to any accessible fields or properties of an object at creation time without having to explicitly invoke a constructor. The following example shows how to use an object initializer with a named type, Cat. Note the use of auto-implemented properties in the Cat class.

private class Cat

{

// Auto-implemented properties.

public int Age { get; set; }

public string Name { get; set; }

}

Cat cat = new Cat { Age = 10, Name = "Fluffy" };

Although object initializers can be used in any context, they are
especially useful in LINQ query expressions. Query expressions make
frequent use of anonymous types, which can only be initialized with an object
initializer. In the select clause, a query expression can transform objects of the original
sequence into objects whose value and shape may differ from the original. This
is very useful if you want to store only a part of the information in each
object in a sequence. In the following example, assume that a product object (p) contains many fields and methods, and that you are only
interested in creating a sequence of objects that contain the product name and
the unit price.

var productInfos =
    from p in products
    select new {
p.ProductName, p.UnitPrice };
When this query is executed, the productInfos variable will
contain a sequence of objects that can be accessed in a foreach statement as
shown in this example:
You can specify null as an element in a collection initializer if the collection's Add method allows it.

List moreCats = new List
{
    new Cat(){ Name = "Furrytail", Age=5 },
    new Cat(){ Name = "Peaches", Age=4 },
    null
};
Example

// The following code consolidates examples from the topic.
class ObjInitializers
{
    private class Cat
    {
       // Auto-implemented properties.
        public int Age { get; set; }
        public string Name { get; set; }
    }

  static void Main()
    {
      Cat cat = new Cat { Age =10, Name = "Fluffy" };
      List cats = new List
   {
     new Cat(){ Name = "Sylvester", Age=8 },
     new Cat(){ Name = "Whiskers", Age=2 },
     new Cat(){ Name = "Sasha", Age=14 }
   };
      List moreCats = new List
        {
      new Cat(){ Name = "Furrytail", Age=5 },
      new Cat(){ Name = "Peaches", Age=4 },
      null
        };
        // Display results.
       
   System.Console.WriteLine(cat.Name);
   foreach (Cat c in cats)
    
  System.Console.WriteLine(c.Name);
  foreach (Cat c in moreCats)
            if (c != null)
              
System.Console.WriteLine(c.Name);
           else
            
System.Console.WriteLine("List element has null value.");

    }

    // Output:
    //Fluffy
    //Sylvester
    //Whiskers
    //Sasha
    //Furrytail
    //Peaches
    //List
   //  element has null value.

Hope It Helps...!

Openquery in SQL Server

noreply@blogger.com (Manas) — Wed, 03 Mar 2010 12:30:00 +0000

It helps to execute the specified pass-through query on the specified linked server. This server is an OLE DB data source. Following features can be drawn for OPENQUERY:

- OPENQUERY can be referenced in the FROM clause of a query as if it were a table name.

- OPENQUERY can also be referenced as the target table of an INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE statement. This is subject to the capabilities of the OLE DB provider. Although the query may return multiple result sets.

- OPENQUERY returns only the first one.

Syntax to Write:

OPENQUERY (linked_server,’query’)

linked_server = Is an identifier representing the name of the linked server.

‘query’ = Is the query string executed in the linked server. The maximum length of the string is 8 KB.

You can use this OPENQUERY in following ways:

1. SELECT Statement:

SELECT * FROM OPENQUERY (SQLSvr, 'SELECT name, id FROM joe.titles')

2. UPDATE Statement:

UPDATE OPENQUERY (SQLSvr, 'SELECT name FROM joe.titles WHERE id = 101')

SET name = 'ADifferentName';

3. INSERT Statement:

INSERT OPENQUERY (SQLSvr, 'SELECT name FROM joe.titles')

VALUES ('NewTitle');

4. DELETE Statement:

DELETE OPENQUERY (SQLSvr, 'SELECT name FROM joe.titles WHERE name = ''NewTitle''');

Hope It Helps!

Overview About Static Class & Members in C#.Net

noreply@blogger.com (Manas) — Tue, 02 Feb 2010 14:19:00 +0000

Static classes and class members are used to create data and functions that can be accessed without creating an instance of the class. Static class members can be used to separate data and behavior that is independent of any object identity. Static classes can be used when there is no data or behavior in the class that depends on object identity.

Static Class:

A class can be declared static, indicating that it contains only static members. It is not possible to create instances of a static class using the new keyword. Static classes are loaded automatically by the .NET Framework common language runtime (CLR) when the program or namespace containing the class is loaded.

Use a static class to contain methods that are not associated with a particular object. For example, it is a common requirement to create a set of methods that do not act on instance data and are not associated to a specific object in your code. You could use a static class to hold those methods.

The main features of a static class are:

They only contain static members.
They cannot be instantiated.
They are sealed.
They cannot contain Instance Constructors.

See the following example for static class:

C#:

static class CompanyInfo

{

public static string GetCompanyName() { return "CompanyName"; }

public static string GetCompanyAddress() { return "CompanyAddress"; }

//...

}

Static Member:

A static method, field, property, or event is callable on a class even when no instance of the class has been created. If any instances of the class are created, they cannot be used to access the static member. Only one copy of static fields and events exists, and static methods and properties can only access static fields and static events. Static members are often used to represent data or calculations that do not change in response to object state; for instance, a math library might contain static methods for calculating sine and cosine.

Static members are initialized before the static member is accessed for the first time, and before the static constructor, if any is called. To access a static class member, use the name of the class instead of a variable name to specify the location of the member. For example:

C#:

public class Employee

{

public static int NumberOfEmp = 200;

public static long SalaryOfEmp

{

get

{

return 15000;

}

public static void EmpProfile() { }

//other non-static fields and properties...

}

Employee. EmpProfile();

int i = Employee. NumberOfEmp;

Hope It Helps!

Keyboard shortcut keys for .Net Users

noreply@blogger.com (Manas) — Mon, 01 Feb 2010 10:35:00 +0000

General

Shortcut

Description

Ctrl-X or
Shift-Delete

Cuts the currently selected item to the clipboard

Ctrl-C or
Ctrl-Insert

Copies the currently selected item to the clipboard

Ctrl-V or
Shift-Insert

Pastes the item in the clipboard at the cursor

Ctrl-Z or
Alt-Backspace

Undo previous editing action

Ctrl-Y or
Ctrl-Shift-Z

Redo the previous undo action

Ctrl-Shift-V or
Ctrl-Shift-Insert

Pastes an item from the clipboard ring tab of the Toolbox at the cursor in the file and automatically selects the pasted item. Cycle through the items on the clipboard by pressing the shortcut keys repeatedly

Esc

Closes a menu or dialog, cancels an operation in progress, or places focus in the current document window

Ctrl-S

Saves the selected files in the current project (usually the file that is being edited)

Ctrl-Shift-S

Saves all documents and projects

Ctrl-P

Displays the Print dialog

F7

Switches from the design view to the code view in the editor

Shift-F7

Switches from the code view to the design view in the editor

F8

Moves the cursor to the next item, for example in the TaskList window or Find Results window

Shift-F8

Moves the cursor to the previous item, for example in the TaskList window or Find Results window

Shift-F12

Finds a reference to the selected item or the item under the cursor

Ctrl-Shift-G

Opens the file whose name is under the cursor or is currently selected

Ctrl-/

Switches focus to the Find/Command box on the Standard toolbar

Ctrl-Shift-F12

Moves to the next task in the TaskList window

Ctrl-Shift-8

Moves backward in the browse history. Available in the object browser or Class View window

Alt-Left Arrow

Go back in the web browser history

Alt-Right Arrow

Go forward in the web browser history

Text Navigation

Shortcut

Description

Left Arrow

Moves the cursor one character to the left

Right Arrow

Moves the cursor one character to the right

Down Arrow

Moves the cursor down one line

Up Arrow

Moves the cursor up one line

Page Down

Scrolls down one screen in the editor window

Page Up

Scrolls up one screen in the editor window

End

Moves the cursor to the end of the current line

Home

Moves the cursor to the beginning of the line. If you press Home when the cursor is already at the start of the line, it will toggle the cursor between the first non-whitespace character and the real start of the line

Ctrl-End

Moves the cursor to the end of the document

Ctrl-Home

Moves the cursor to the start of the document

Ctrl-G

Displays the Go to Line dialog. If the debugger is running, the dialog also lets you specify addresses or function names to go to

Ctrl-]

Moves the cursor to the matching brace in the document. If the cursor is on an opening brace, this will move to the corresponding closing brace and vice versa

Ctrl-K, Ctrl-N

Moves to the next bookmark in the document

Ctrl-K, Ctrl-P

Moves to the previous bookmark

Ctrl-K, Ctrl-I

Displays Quick Info, based on the current language

Ctrl-Down Arrow

Scrolls text down one line but does not move the cursor. This is useful for scrolling more text into view without losing your place. Available only in text editors

Ctrl-Up Arrow

Scrolls text up one line but does not move the cursor. Available only in text editors

Ctrl-Right Arrow

Moves the cursor one word to the right

Ctrl-Left Arrow

Moves the cursor one word to the left

Ctrl-Shift-1

Navigates to the next definition, declaration, or reference of an item. Available in the object browser and Class View window. Also available in source editing windows if you have already used the Edit.GoToReference (Shift-F12) shortcut

Ctrl-Shift-2

Navigates to the previous definition, declaration, or reference of an item

Text Manipulation

Shortcut

Description

Enter

Inserts a new line

Delete

Deletes one character to the right of the cursor

Insert

Toggles between insert and overtype insertion modes

Tab

Indents the currently selected line or lines by one tab stop. If there is no selection, this inserts a tab stop

Shift-Tab

Moves current line or selected lines one tab stop to the left

Backspace or
Shift-Backspace

Deletes one character to the left of the cursor

Ctrl-K, Ctrl-C

Marks the current line or selected lines of code as a comment, using the correct comment syntax for the programming language

Ctrl-K, Ctrl-U

Removes the comment syntax from the current line or currently selected lines of code

Ctrl-T or
Shift-Enter

Swaps the characters on either side of the cursor. (For example, AC|BD becomes AB|CD.) Available only in text editors

Ctrl-K, Ctrl-L

Removes all unnamed bookmarks in the current document

Ctrl-M, Ctrl-O

Automatically determines logical boundaries for creating regions in code, such as procedures, and then hides them. This collapses all such regions in the current document

Alt-Right Arrow or
Ctrl-Spacebar

Displays statement completion based on the current language or autocompletes word if existing text unambiguously identifies a single symbol

Ctrl-K, Ctrl-\

Removes horizontal whitespace in the selection or deletes whitespace adjacent to the cursor if there is no selection

Ctrl-K, Ctrl-F

Applies the indenting and space formatting for the language as specified on the Formatting pane of the language in the Text Editor section of the Options dialog to the selected text.

Ctrl-L

Cuts all selected lines or the current line if nothing has been selected to the clipboard

Ctrl-Shift-L

Deletes all selected lines or the current line if no selection has been made

Ctrl-Enter

Inserts a blank line above the cursor

Ctrl-Shift-Enter

Inserts a blank line below the cursor

Shift-Alt-T

Moves the line containing the cursor below the next line

Ctrl-J

Lists members for statement completion when editing code

Ctrl-U

Changes the selected text to lowercase characters

Ctrl-Shift-U

Changes the selected text to uppercase characters

Ctrl-Shift-Spacebar

Displays a tooltip that contains information for the current parameter, based on the current language

Ctrl-M, Ctrl-U

Removes the outlining information for the currently selected region

Ctrl-M, Ctrl-P

Removes all outlining information from the entire document

Ctrl-R, Ctrl-P

Swaps the anchor and endpoint of the current selection

Ctrl-M, Ctrl-L

Toggles all previously marked hidden text sections between hidden and display states

Ctrl-K, Ctrl-K

Sets or removes a bookmark at the current line

Ctrl-M, Ctrl-M

Toggles the currently selected hidden text section or the section containing the cursor if there is no selection between the hidden and display states

Ctrl-K, Ctrl-H

Sets or removes a shortcut in the tasklist to the current line

Ctrl-R, Ctrl-R

Enables or disables word wrap in an editor

Ctrl-R, Ctrl-W

Shows or hides spaces and tab marks

Ctrl-Delete

Deletes the word to the right of the cursor

Ctrl-Backspace

Deletes the word to the left of the cursor

Ctrl-Shift-T

Transposes the two words that follow the cursor. (For example, |End Sub would be changed to read Sub End|.)

Text Selection

Shortcut

Description

Shift-Left Arrow

Moves the cursor to the left one character, extending the selection

Shift-Alt-Left Arrow

Moves the cursor to the left one character, extending the column selection

Shift-Right Arrow

Moves the cursor to the right one character, extending the selection

Shift-Alt-Right Arrow

Moves the cursor to the right one character, extending the column selection

Ctrl-Shift-End

Moves the cursor to the end of the document, extending the selection

Ctrl-Shift-Home

Moves the cursor to the start of the document, extending the selection

Ctrl-Shift-]

Moves the cursor to the next brace, extending the selection

Shift-Down Arrow

Moves the cursor down one line, extending the selection

Shift-Alt-Down Arrow

Moves the cursor down one line, extending the column selection

Shift-End

Moves the cursor to the end of the current line, extending the selection

Shift-Alt-End

Moves the cursor to the end of the line, extending the column selection

Shift-Home

Moves the cursor to the start of the line, extending the selection

Shift-Alt-Home

Moves the cursor to the start of the line, extending the column selection

Shift-Up Arrow

Moves the cursor up one line, extending the selection

Shift-Alt-Up Arrow

Moves the cursor up one line, extending the column selection

Shift-Page Down

Extends selection down one page

Shift-Page Up

Extends selection up one page

Ctrl-A

Selects everything in the current document

Ctrl-W

Selects the word containing the cursor or the word to the right of the cursor

Ctrl-=

Selects from the current location in the editor back to the previous location in the navigation history

Ctrl-Shift-Page Down

Moves the cursor to the last line in view, extending the selection

Ctrl-Shift-Page Up

Moves the cursor to the top of the current window, extending the selection

Ctrl-Shift-Alt-Right Arrow

Moves the cursor to the right one word, extending the column selection

Ctrl-Shift-Left Arrow

Moves the cursor one word to the left, extending the selection

Ctrl-Shift-Alt-Left Arrow

Moves the cursor to the left one word, extending the column selection

Project Related

Shortcut

Description

Ctrl-Shift-B

Builds the solution

Ctrl-N

Displays the New File dialog. Note: files created this way are not associated with a project. Use Ctrl-Shift-A to add a new file in a project

Ctrl-Shift-N

Displays the New Project dialog

Ctrl-O

Displays the Open File dialog

Ctrl-Shift-O

Displays the Open Project dialog

Shift-Alt-A

Displays the Add Existing Item dialog

Ctrl-Shift-A

Displays the Add New Item dialog

Ctrl-Alt-Insert

Allows you to override base class methods in a derived class when an overridable method is highlighted in the Class View pane

Window Manipulation

Shortcut

Description

Shift-Alt-Enter

Toggles full screen mode

Ctrl-+

Goes back to the previous location in the navigation history. (For example, if you press Ctrl-Home to go to the start of a document, this shortcut will take the cursor back to wherever it was before you pressed Ctrl-Home.)

Ctrl-Shift-+

Moves forward in the navigation history. This is effectively an undo for the View.NavigateBackward operation

Ctrl-F4

Closes the current MDI child window

Shift-Esc

Closes the current tool window

Ctrl-F2

Moves the cursor to the navigation bar at the top of a code view

Ctrl-Tab

Cycles through the MDI child windows one window at a time

Ctrl-F6,
Ctrl-Shift-Tab

Moves to the previous MDI child window

Alt-F6,
Ctrl-Shift-F6

Moves to the next tool window

Shift-Alt-F6

Moves to the previously selected window

F6

Moves to the next pane of a split pane view of a single document

Shift-F6

Moves to the previous pane of a document in split pane view

Ctrl-Pagedown

Moves to the next tab in the document or window (e.g., you can use this to switch the HTML editor from its design view to its HTML view

Ctrl-PageUp

Moves to the previous tab in the document or window

Designer Controller

Shortcut

Description

Shift-Alt-Enter

Toggles full screen mode

Ctrl-+

Goes back to the previous location in the navigation history. (For example, if you press Ctrl-Home to go to the start of a document, this shortcut will take the cursor back to wherever it was before you pressed Ctrl-Home.)

Ctrl-Shift-+

Moves forward in the navigation history. This is effectively an undo for the View.NavigateBackward operation

Ctrl-F4

Closes the current MDI child window

Shift-Esc

Closes the current tool window

Ctrl-F2

Moves the cursor to the navigation bar at the top of a code view

Ctrl-Tab

Cycles through the MDI child windows one window at a time

Ctrl-F6,
Ctrl-Shift-Tab

Moves to the previous MDI child window

Alt-F6,
Ctrl-Shift-F6

Moves to the next tool window

Shift-Alt-F6

Moves to the previously selected window

F6

Moves to the next pane of a split pane view of a single document

Shift-F6

Moves to the previous pane of a document in split pane view

Ctrl-Pagedown

Moves to the next tab in the document or window (e.g., you can use this to switch the HTML editor from its design view to its HTML view

Ctrl-PageUp

Moves to the previous tab in the document or window

Search & Replace

Shortcut

Description

Shift-Alt-Enter

Toggles full screen mode

Ctrl-+

Goes back to the previous location in the navigation history. (For example, if you press Ctrl-Home to go to the start of a document, this shortcut will take the cursor back to wherever it was before you pressed Ctrl-Home.)

Ctrl-Shift-+

Moves forward in the navigation history. This is effectively an undo for the View.NavigateBackward operation

Ctrl-F4

Closes the current MDI child window

Shift-Esc

Closes the current tool window

Ctrl-F2

Moves the cursor to the navigation bar at the top of a code view

Ctrl-Tab

Cycles through the MDI child windows one window at a time

Ctrl-F6,
Ctrl-Shift-Tab

Moves to the previous MDI child window

Alt-F6,
Ctrl-Shift-F6

Moves to the next tool window

Shift-Alt-F6

Moves to the previously selected window

F6

Moves to the next pane of a split pane view of a single document

Shift-F6

Moves to the previous pane of a document in split pane view

Ctrl-Pagedown

Moves to the next tab in the document or window (e.g., you can use this to switch the HTML editor from its design view to its HTML view

Ctrl-PageUp

Moves to the previous tab in the document or window

Debugging

Shortcut

Description

Ctrl-Alt-V, A

Displays the Auto window to view the values of variables currently in the scope of the current line of execution within the current procedure

Ctrl-Alt-Break

Temporarily stops execution of all processes in a debugging session. Available only in run mode

Ctrl-Alt-B

Displays the Breakpoints dialog, where you can add and modify breakpoints

Ctrl-Alt-C

Displays the Call Stack window to display a list of all active procedures or stack frames for the current thread of execution. Available only in break mode

Ctrl-Shift-F9

Clears all of the breakpoints in the project

Ctrl-Alt-D

Displays the Disassembly window

Ctrl-F9

Enables or disables the breakpoint on the current line of code. The line must already have a breakpoint for this to work

Ctrl-Alt-E

Displays the Exceptions dialog

Ctrl-Alt-I

Displays the Immediate window, where you can evaluate expressions and execute individual commands

Ctrl-Alt-V, L

Displays the Locals window to view the variables and their values for the currently selected procedure in the stack frame

Ctrl-Alt-M, 1

Displays the Memory 1 window to view memory in the process being debugged. This is particularly useful when you do not have debugging symbols available for the code you are looking at. It is also helpful for looking at large buffers, strings, and other data that does not display clearly in the Watch or Variables window

Ctrl-Alt-M, 2

Displays the Memory 2 window

Ctrl-Alt-M, 3

Displays the Memory 3 window

Ctrl-Alt-M, 4

Displays the Memory 4 window

Ctrl-Alt-U

Displays the Modules window, which allows you to view the .dll or .exe files loaded by the program. In multiprocess debugging, you can right-click and select Show Modules for all programs

Ctrl-B

Opens the New Breakpoint dialog

Ctrl-Alt-Q

Displays the Quick Watch dialog with the current value of the selected expression. Available only in break mode. Use this command to check the current value of a variable, property, or other expression for which you have not defined a watch expression

Ctrl-Alt-G

Displays the Registers window, which displays CPU register contents

Ctrl-Shift-F5

Terminates the current debugging session, rebuilds if necessary, and then starts a new debugging session. Available in break and run modes

Ctrl-Alt-N

Displays the Running Documents window that displays the set of HTML documents that you are in the process of debugging. Available in break and run modes

Ctrl-F10

Starts or resumes execution of your code and then halts execution when it reaches the selected statement. This starts the debugger if it is not already running

Ctrl-Shift-F10

Sets the execution point to the line of code you choose

Alt-NUM *

Highlights the next statement to be executed

F5

If not currently debugging, this runs the startup project or projects and attaches the debugger. If in break mode, this allows execution to continue (i.e., it returns to run mode).

Ctrl-F5

Runs the code without invoking the debugger. For console applications, this also arranges for the console window to stay open with a "Press any key to continue" prompt when the program finishes

F11

Executes code one statement at a time, tracing execution into function calls

Shift-F11

Executes the remaining lines of a function in which the current execution point lies

F10

Executes the next line of code but does not step into any function calls

Shift-F5

Available in break and run modes, this terminates the debugging session

Ctrl-Alt-V, T

Displays the This window, which allows you to view the data members of the object associated with the current method

Ctrl-Alt-H

Displays the Threads window to view all of the threads for the current process

F9

Sets or removes a breakpoint at the current line

Ctrl-F11

Displays the disassembly information for the current source file. Available only in break mode

Ctrl-Alt-W, 1

Displays the Watch 1 window to view the values of variables or watch expressions

Ctrl-Alt-W, 2

Displays the Watch 2 window

Ctrl-Alt-W, 3

Displays the Watch 3 window

Ctrl-Alt-W, 4

Displays the Watch 4 window

Ctrl-Alt-P

Displays the Processes dialog, which allows you to attach or detach the debugger to one or more running processes

Object Browser

Shortcut

Description

Ctrl-Alt-V, A

Displays the Auto window to view the values of variables currently in the scope of the current line of execution within the current procedure

Ctrl-Alt-Break

Temporarily stops execution of all processes in a debugging session. Available only in run mode

Ctrl-Alt-B

Displays the Breakpoints dialog, where you can add and modify breakpoints

Ctrl-Alt-C

Displays the Call Stack window to display a list of all active procedures or stack frames for the current thread of execution. Available only in break mode

Ctrl-Shift-F9

Clears all of the breakpoints in the project

Ctrl-Alt-D

Displays the Disassembly window

Ctrl-F9

Enables or disables the breakpoint on the current line of code. The line must already have a breakpoint for this to work

Ctrl-Alt-E

Displays the Exceptions dialog

Ctrl-Alt-I

Displays the Immediate window, where you can evaluate expressions and execute individual commands

Ctrl-Alt-V, L

Displays the Locals window to view the variables and their values for the currently selected procedure in the stack frame

Ctrl-Alt-M, 1

Displays the Memory 1 window to view memory in the process being debugged. This is particularly useful when you do not have debugging symbols available for the code you are looking at. It is also helpful for looking at large buffers, strings, and other data that does not display clearly in the Watch or Variables window

Ctrl-Alt-M, 2

Displays the Memory 2 window

Ctrl-Alt-M, 3

Displays the Memory 3 window

Ctrl-Alt-M, 4

Displays the Memory 4 window

Ctrl-Alt-U

Displays the Modules window, which allows you to view the .dll or .exe files loaded by the program. In multiprocess debugging, you can right-click and select Show Modules for all programs

Ctrl-B

Opens the New Breakpoint dialog

Ctrl-Alt-Q

Displays the Quick Watch dialog with the current value of the selected expression. Available only in break mode. Use this command to check the current value of a variable, property, or other expression for which you have not defined a watch expression

Ctrl-Alt-G

Displays the Registers window, which displays CPU register contents

Ctrl-Shift-F5

Terminates the current debugging session, rebuilds if necessary, and then starts a new debugging session. Available in break and run modes

Ctrl-Alt-N

Displays the Running Documents window that displays the set of HTML documents that you are in the process of debugging. Available in break and run modes

Ctrl-F10

Starts or resumes execution of your code and then halts execution when it reaches the selected statement. This starts the debugger if it is not already running

Ctrl-Shift-F10

Sets the execution point to the line of code you choose

Alt-NUM *

Highlights the next statement to be executed

F5

If not currently debugging, this runs the startup project or projects and attaches the debugger. If in break mode, this allows execution to continue (i.e., it returns to run mode).

Ctrl-F5

Runs the code without invoking the debugger. For console applications, this also arranges for the console window to stay open with a "Press any key to continue" prompt when the program finishes

F11

Executes code one statement at a time, tracing execution into function calls

Shift-F11

Executes the remaining lines of a function in which the current execution point lies

F10

Executes the next line of code but does not step into any function calls

Shift-F5

Available in break and run modes, this terminates the debugging session

Ctrl-Alt-V, T

Displays the This window, which allows you to view the data members of the object associated with the current method

Ctrl-Alt-H

Displays the Threads window to view all of the threads for the current process

F9

Sets or removes a breakpoint at the current line

Ctrl-F11

Displays the disassembly information for the current source file. Available only in break mode

Ctrl-Alt-W, 1

Displays the Watch 1 window to view the values of variables or watch expressions

Ctrl-Alt-W, 2

Displays the Watch 2 window

Ctrl-Alt-W, 3

Displays the Watch 3 window

Ctrl-Alt-W, 4

Displays the Watch 4 window

Ctrl-Alt-P

Displays the Processes dialog, which allows you to attach or detach the debugger to one or more running processes

Tool Window

Shortcut

Description

Ctrl-Shift-M

Toggles the Command window into or out of a mode allowing text within the window to be selected

Ctrl-Shift-C

Displays the Class View window

Ctrl-Alt-A

Displays the Command window, which allows you to type commands that manipulate the IDE

Ctrl-Alt-T

Displays the Document Outline window to view the flat or hierarchical outline of the current document

Ctrl-Alt-F

Displays the Favorites window, which lists shortcuts to web pages

Ctrl-Alt-O

Displays the Output window to view status messages at runtime

F4

Displays the Properties window, which lists the design-time properties and events for the currently selected item

Shift-F4

Displays the property pages for the item currently selected. (For example, use this to show a project's settings.)

Ctrl-Shift-E

Displays the Resource View window

Ctrl-Alt-S

Displays the Server Explorer window, which allows you to view and manipulate database servers, event logs, message queues, web services, and many other operating system services

Ctrl-Alt-R

Displays the web browser window, which allows you to view pages on the Internet

Ctrl-Alt-L

Displays the Solution Explorer, which lists the projects and files in the current solution

Ctrl-Alt-K

Displays the TaskList window, which displays tasks, comments, shortcuts, warnings, and error messages

Ctrl-Alt-X

Displays the Toolbox, which contains controls and other items that can be dragged into editor and designer windows

HTML Editor(Design view)

Shortcut

Description

Ctrl-B

Toggles the selected text between bold and normal

Ctrl-Shift-T

Decreases the selected paragraph by one indent unit

Ctrl-T

Indents the selected paragraph by one indent unit

Ctrl-I

Toggles the selected text between italic and normal

Ctrl-Shift-K

Prevents an absolutely positioned element from being inadvertently moved. If the element is already locked, this unlocks it

Ctrl-G

Toggles the grid

Ctrl-Shift-G

Specifies that elements be aligned using an invisible grid. You can set grid spacing on the Design pane of HTML designer options in the Options dialog, and the grid will be changed the next time you open a document

Ctrl-U

Toggles the selected text between underlined and normal

Ctrl-Shift-L

Displays the Bookmark dialog

Ctrl-J

Inserts

in the current HTML document

Ctrl-L

When text is selected, displays the Hyperlink dialog

Ctrl-Shift-W

Displays the Insert Image dialog

Ctrl-Alt-Up Arrow

Adds one row above the current row in the table

Ctrl-Alt-Down Arrow

Adds one row below the current row in the table

Ctrl-Alt-Left Arrow

Adds one column to the left of the current column in the table

Ctrl-Alt-Right Arrow

Adds one column to the right of the current column in the table

Ctrl-Shift-Q

Toggles display of marker icons for HTML elements that do not have a visual representation, such as comments, scripts, and anchors for absolutely positioned elements

Ctrl-Page Down

Switches from design view to HTML view and vice versa

Ctrl-Q

Displays a 1-pixel border around HTML elements that support a BORDER attribute and have it set to zero, such as tables, table cells, and divisions

Hope It Helps!

The Page Life Cycle in ASP.NET

noreply@blogger.com (Manas) — Fri, 22 Jan 2010 11:18:00 +0000

When a web page is sent to the Web Server for processing, it goes through a sequence of steps before it finally gets displayed in the Web Browser. The following steps and events that occur in a page life cycle in ASP.NET.

Page_Init
LoadViewState
LoadPostData
Page_Load
RaisePostDataChangedEvent
RaisePostBackEvent
Page_PreRender
SaveViewState
Page_Render
Page_UnLoad

When a POST request is initiated from the client side, the Web Server traps the request and it is usually routed to an .aspx web page. The request is actually routed to the HTTP Pipeline, a chain of managed objects.

After the HTTP Page handler class is identified, the ProcessRequest() method is called which eventually fires the different page events in the life cycle of a web page. The sequence of events that takes place in the life cycle of a web page in ASP.NET are mentioned above.

To make discussion of all the events is beyond of this article. So I just mentioned some of the main event that occur when page arrive into the browser.

· Page_Init event is the first event to be triggered in the page life cycle. It is responsible for the initialization activities that are essential to create a page instance. In this phase of the page life cycle, all the server controls of the web page are initialized to their default values. However, it should be noted that the View State for a page is not available at this stage of the page life cycle and a server control of the page cannot access other server controls of the page at this phase.

· Next, the LoadViewState method is called.The load view state stage only happens when the page has been posted back. During this stage the view state data saved from the previous page visit is loaded and recursively populated into the Page’s control hierarchy. This method restores the View State information of a web page that was last saved using the SaveViewState method. You can override the LoadViewState() method to get an idea on how the viewstate is actually restored.

· The LoadPostBackData event is fired next that processes the data that was last posted to the server for all the server controls that requires the same. Note that all controls in an ASP.NET web page is identified by a unique id. The runtime now parses the controls to match their unique ids against the Name Value Collection in the View State for the control (that has its View State enabled) and updates the control with the posted data.

· The next event that gets fired is the Page_Load event that typically restores the page's control values. At this phase of the page life cycle, the web page "calls the OnLoad event method on the Page, then recursively does the same for each child control, which does the same for each of its child controls until the page and all controls are loaded." Typically, you bind data to the controls of your web form in this method or call methods write code that should be executed or loaded first before any other event of the web page is triggered.

· The RaisePostBackData and the RaisePostBackEvent events call their respective handlers if the request was a postback. The RaisePostBackEvent that executes next "notifies the server control that caused the postback that it should handle an incoming postback event."

How to do only Ascending/Descending Sort in Telerik RadGrid

noreply@blogger.com (Manas) — Fri, 15 Jan 2010 11:12:00 +0000

For sorting you have to first declare the event name in page design code like this:

OnSortCommand="radGridView_OnSorting"

Then add the following code snippets in server side code as follows:

C# code:

public GridSortOrder GridViewSortDirection

{

get

{

if (Session["SortDirection"] == null)

{

Session["SortDirection"] = GridSortOrder.Ascending;

}

return (GridSortOrder)Session["SortDirection"];

}

set

{

Session["SortDirection"] = value;

}

protected void radGridView_OnSorting(object sender, GridSortCommandEventArgs e)

{

if (e.SortExpression.Equals(ActiveSortExpression) && GridViewSortDirection == GridSortOrder.Ascending)

{

this.GridViewSortDirection = GridSortOrder.Ascending;

}

else if (e.SortExpression.Equals(ActiveSortExpression) && GridViewSortDirection == GridSortOrder.Descending)

{

this.GridViewSortDirection = GridSortOrder.Descending;

}

else

{

this.GridViewSortDirection = GridSortOrder.Ascending;

}

this.ActiveSortExpression = e.SortExpression;

}

And then add following codes to your BindGrid() method where you bind the GridView:

private void BindGrid()

{

radGridView.MasterTableView.AllowNaturalSort = false;

string sortExpression = this.ActiveSortExpression;

if (this.GridViewSortDirection == GridSortOrder.Ascending)

{

sortExpression += " ASC";

}

else

{

sortExpression += " DESC";

}

radGridView.Sort = sortExpression;

}

Hope It Helps!

How to Add a Shortcut Icon to a Web Page

noreply@blogger.com (Manas) — Thu, 07 Jan 2010 12:45:00 +0000

You can use shortcut icons to display your logo or some other small graphic on the Windows Internet Explorer Favorites menu, address bar, and starting with Internet Explorer 7 page tabs. They have no special Web server requirements and are a great way to add brand recognition to your Web site. The following screen shot shows a shortcut icon for MSN.com on the Favourites menu, the address bar, and a page tab.

First you have to select correct size and format icon to show on address bar. Then add the <link> tag to your design code at <head> tag which looks like as follows:

head>

Hope it Helps!

Where to Use abstract key word in .net..?

noreply@blogger.com (Manas) — Thu, 07 Jan 2010 11:47:00 +0000

The abstract modifier can be used with classes, methods, properties, indexers, and events. Use the abstract modifier in a class declaration to indicate that a class is intended only to be a base class of other classes. Members marked as abstract, or included in an abstract class, must be implemented by classes that derive from the abstract class.

Abstract classes have the following features:

§ An abstract class cannot be instantiated.

§ An abstract class may contain abstract methods and accessors.

§ It is not possible to modify an abstract class with the sealed (C# Reference) modifier, which means that the class cannot be inherited.

§ A non-abstract class derived from an abstract class must include actual implementations of all inherited abstract methods and accessors.

§ An abstract method is implicitly a virtual method.

§ Abstract method declarations are only permitted in abstract classes.

§ The implementation is provided by an overriding method override (C# Reference), which is a member of a non-abstract class.

§ It is an error to use the static or virtual modifiers in an abstract method declaration.

Use the abstract modifier in a method or property declaration to indicate that the method or property does not contain implementation. Please check the following example. In this example, the class DerivedClass is derived from an abstract class BaseClass. The abstract class contains an abstract method, AbstractMethod, and two abstract properties, X and Y.

// Abstract Classes

using System;

abstract class BaseClass // Abstract class

{

protected int _x = 100;

protected int _y = 150;

public abstract void AbstractMethod(); // Abstract method

public abstract int X { get; }

public abstract int Y { get; }

}

class DerivedClass : BaseClass

{

public override void AbstractMethod()

{

_x++;

_y++;

}

public override int X // overriding property

{

get

{

return _x + 10;

}

public override int Y // overriding property

{

get

{

return _y + 10;

}

static void Main()

{

DerivedClass o = new DerivedClass();

o.AbstractMethod();

Console.WriteLine("x = {0}, y = {1}", o.X, o.Y);

}

How to give link directly to send mail by clicking hyperlink in Telerik RadGrid

noreply@blogger.com (Manas) — Tue, 22 Dec 2009 12:39:00 +0000

Please write the following codes into your GridView design window:

<telerik:GridHyperLinkColumn UniqueName="Email" HeaderText="Email" DataTextField="Email" SortExpression="Email" DataNavigateUrlFields="Email" DataNavigateUrlFormatString="MailTo:{0}">

telerik:GridHyperLinkColumn>

Hope It Helps!

What’s Jagged Array in .Net ?

noreply@blogger.com (Manas) — Mon, 30 Nov 2009 10:34:00 +0000

A jagged array is an array whose elements are arrays. The elements of a jagged array can be of different dimensions and sizes. A jagged array is sometimes called an "array of arrays." The following examples show how to declare, initialize, and access jagged arrays.

Each of the elements is a single-dimensional array of integers. The first element is an array of 5 integers, the second is an array of 4 integers, and the third is an array of 2 integers.

jaggedArray[0] = new int[5];

jaggedArray[1] = new int[4];

jaggedArray[2] = new int[2];

The following example showing a jagged array demonstartion which builds an array whose elements are themselves arrays. Each one of the array elements has a different size.

class ArrayTest

{

static void Main()

{

// Declare the array of two elements:

int[][] arr = new int[2][];

// Initialize the elements:

arr[0] = new int[5] { 1, 3, 5, 7, 9 };

arr[1] = new int[4] { 2, 4, 6, 8 };

// Display the array elements:

for (int i = 0; i < arr.Length; i++)

{

System.Console.Write("Element({0}): ", i);

for (int j = 0; j < arr[i].Length; j++)

{

System.Console.Write("{0}{1}", arr[i][j], j == (arr[i].Length - 1) ? "" : " ");

}

System.Console.WriteLine();

System.Console.ReadLine();

}

Copy the above code and paste it on your console application code window (.cs only) and the following output window will come.

Get the value from GridView Column without ViewState Enabled

noreply@blogger.com (Manas) — Wed, 25 Nov 2009 14:38:00 +0000

Its easy to get value from the GridView column when ViewState is Enabled by using GridVIew_ItemCommand() event. But its little difficult to get the column value when the ViewState is Disabled. Here I found one solution for that and wish to share it here.

First you have to make the EnableViewState=False of the GridView control and then write following code line in GridView Design code

OnSelectedIndexChanged="radGridQcDupsView_SelectionIndexChanged"

Note: Here my GridView name is radGridQcDupsView. You change according to your GridView name.

Then in codebehind file(.cs/.vb) you can write following code according to your language

C#:

protected void grdQcDupsView _SelectionIndexChanged(object sender, EventArgs e)

{

string contentId = grdQcDupsView.DataKeyNames.GetValue(1).ToString();

long RowValue = long.Parse(contentId);

}

VB:

Protected Sub grdQcDupsView_SelectionIndexChanged(ByVal source As Object, ByVal e As EventArgs) Handles grdQcDupsView.SelectedIndexChanged

Dim contentId As String = grdQcDupsView.DataKeyNames.GetValue(1).ToString()

Dim RowValue As Long = CLng(contentId)

End Sub

Hope it Helps!

How to Pop-up Messagebox in Web Application

noreply@blogger.com (Manas) — Mon, 23 Nov 2009 06:25:00 +0000

Like in windows application you can show your messagebox in web applicaion also. First you have to write a simple javascript code in yourpage HTML page itself or in another file with .js extension and give the path to your HTML page file where you want to use it. Your javascript code should be shown like bellow:

function WebMsgBox() {

var msg = 'Good Morning .Net ';

alert(msg);

}

And after that you can call this function from your serverside page code (.cs/.vb) file by using ScriptManager as shown bellow:

ScriptManager.RegisterStartupScript(this, this.GetType(), "Welcome Message", "WebMsgBox();", true);

And when fire that event the WebMsgBox will shown as bellow:

Create WPF Project in Visual Studio 2008

noreply@blogger.com (Manas) — Thu, 12 Nov 2009 16:17:00 +0000

WPF stands for Windows Presentation Foundation, which helps developer to design innovative application which can be reuse by other applications. To create WPF application you have to install .Net Framework 3.0 or latter. If you have Visual Studio 2008 then don’t worry. You can develop a high quality WPF application.

Here I demonstrate a media player by using this WPF application. So follow the steps as follows:

STEP 1: Open your Visual Studio IDE and select File >> New Project and from windows templates select WPF Application and rename the project as MyPlayer as shown in figure:

Now you can see the following look in your IDE as shown in the figure:

STEP 2: If you click on Show All Files in Solution Explorer, then you can see three files i.e.; App.xaml, App.xaml.cs, Window1.xaml and Window1.xaml.cs; as shown in figure:

STEP 3: Change your Window1.xaml as shown bellow:

And your design window also looks as bellow:

Then double click the Browse button and it’ll open in code window named as Window1.xaml.cs and write the following code snippet in BrowseButton_Click event:

STEP 4: Now run the application by pressing F5 and you will see following like output:

Note: The above application code is in C# language but you can convert it into other languages.

I think it’ll help you.

Create WCF Project in Visual Studio 2008

noreply@blogger.com (Manas) — Thu, 12 Nov 2009 11:44:00 +0000

First you have to know what WCF is: WCF stands for Windows Communication Foundation and it helps developers to create interoperable services that send and receive messages between server and client. It’s based on message based communication and supports many Communication Protocols like TCP, MSMQ, and HTTP etc. This is somewhat similar to that Webservice also. The following simple example can make you understand the whole concept. So now you can follow the following steps in your own system and try to understand also.

STEP 1: First you have to check Visual Studio 2008 (its can be do with Visual Studio 2005 also) is properly installed or not. Because the following demonstration in VS 2008 only.

STEP 2: Open the Visual Studio IDE and select New Project from File Menu and from template window select the WCF Service Application and name the project as CalculatorService and click on Ok button as shown in the figure:

STEP 3: Now you can see two files i.e.; IService1.cs and Service1.svc.cs in your Solution Explorer (It depends on your language that you choose). Double click the IService1.cs file and write the code to create an Interface for your calculator service as shown bellow:

STEP 4: Then double click the Service1.svc.cs and write the definition code for previous created Interface as shown bellow:

Now save your project and build it by selecting Build >>> Build CalculatorService from the main menu.

STEP 5: Now open the command prompt of the Visual Studio 2008 by selecting Visual Studio Tools >>> Visual Studio 2008 Command Prompt from the program menu. On the command prompt type the following URL: svcutil.exe http://localhost:1067/Service1.svc?wsdl and press <Enter> key. This will generate a configuration file and a code file that contains the client class. Add the two files to your client application and use the generated client class to call the Service (its need to remember the path where these two files are resides) as shown in the figure:

In my case I got two files named Output.xml and Service1.cs.

STEP 6: After that you have to create a Client Application to consume that service that you created in previous steps. Simply open your Visual Studio 2008 IDE and select File >>> New Project. From the entire template select Console Application and named it as ClientCalculator and press Ok. Then add the previous two commands generated files (Output.xml and Service1.cs) in to your project solution and rename that Output.xml to App.config (delete the previous App.config first). Then your Solution Explorer looks as follows:

STEP 7: Then add the client side codes to your ClientCalculator.cs file which looks like as shown bellow:

Now run the application as normal project by pressing F5 and you can see the following output window:

So at last you learned the creation and consume of WCF Service Application.

Note: You can implement the same thing in VB and other languages also.

Creating a Report by Using SQL Report Server

noreply@blogger.com (Manas) — Wed, 04 Nov 2009 17:22:00 +0000

In my previous post I discussed about the Configuration of Report Server. After configuration successfully you can follow the following steps to create your report by using the Report Server of MS SQL Server 2008.

STEP:1 First you have to prepare your data source (it may be SQL Server or Oracle or Ms-Access,etc). Because during the reporting process it asks for a database to which your report will connect and shows the data.

STEP:2 Open Visual Studio 2008 or 2005(not less than that) and then select File >>> New >>> Project >>> Business Intelligence Projects >>> Report Server Project Wizard . Then give your project name as “FirstSqlReport” and press Ok button as shown in figure:

STEP:3 Then you can see the following screen in Wizard and click on Next button.

STEP:4 Then you can see the following screen and here you have select your data source and all credential required by your database. Her I am using MS SQL Server database as data source. So that it looks like as:

On this screen click on Edit button and it shows the following screen and there you select your server and database with credentials (if required). This screen may differ according to the data source you selected in above screen. So in my case it looks like as:

Then come to the previous screen and hit on Next button and another window will come like this:

STEP:5 On this window you click on Query Builder… and it’ll open another window. Here you can write/import the SQL query to retrieve the data from the database (it may be simple text or stored procedure or table). In my case it looks like as:

Then click on Ok and get back to the previous window, click on Next button.

STEP:6 On the new window you can select the type of report that it’ll Tabular or Matrix. I have selected first one (i.e.; Tabular). So it looks as:

Click on Next button and a new window will come.

STEP:7 On this window select the fields you want show in details, page, group. Here I selected all fields to show in details view and it looks as:

Click on Next button and a new window will come.

STEP:8 On this window you can select style of the report and I selected corporate style which looks like as:

Click on Next and another window will come which looks as:

Note: Please don’t try to change any value on this window (although it’s not looks as above screen), because this is your default Report Server settings.

Click on Next and another window will come as shown bellow:

STEP:9 Here you have to give some name to the report as I given “TaskReport” and check Preview report option and click on Finish button.

Now your report is ready to deploy in to the Report Server. Now select Build >>> Build FirstSqlReport from the main menu and then select Build >>> Deploy FirstSqlReport and wait a while when it shows the Deploy Succeed message in output window. Then press F5 button to run the project and it’ll come as follows:

Configure Report Server in SQL Server 2008

noreply@blogger.com (Manas) — Wed, 04 Nov 2009 11:46:00 +0000

First you have to install MS SQL Server 2008. Then go to Start – All Programs – Microsoft SQL Server 2008 – Configuration Tools and select ‘Reporting Services Configuration Manager’. After that follow the following

steps:

STEP:1. Then the following window will come:

Click on ‘Connect’ button and then following window will come:

Note: If the ‘Stop’ button disabled then click on ‘Start’ button to start the server.

STEP:2. Then Select ‘Service Account’ from left side panel and if the following window will come then you are on right way otherwise you should change as shown in figure:

STEP:3. Then Select ‘Web Service URL’ from left side panel and if the following window will come then you are on right way otherwise you should change as shown in figure:

Note: You can give any name in ‘Virtual Directory’ field, but don’t change other fields

And click on that URLs shown bellow to check the server. If you see the following screen in your browser then it’s ok. Otherwise you have to check configuration again.

STEP:4. Then come to the next option ‘Database’ of that left side panel and check whether following screen like window is coming or not. If is not coming then click on ‘Change Database’ button or ‘Change Credential’ button on the right side and configure them.

STEP:5. Then come to the next option ‘Report Manager URL’ of that left side panel and check whether following screen like window is coming or not. If its not coming click on ‘Advance’ button and configure for your IP address.

On the above window click on that URLs and it’ll open in your default browser as shown bellow:

Note: The red circle marked things are optional for you. It shows in my case only.

That’s it. Now you can create your report and deploy easily which I’ll discuss in my next post.
Note: If it will not come as above then again repeat the above steps.

What’s XML..?

noreply@blogger.com (Manas) — Thu, 29 Oct 2009 14:29:00 +0000

XML stands for Extensible Markup Language, with the markup bit being the key. You can create content and mark it up with delimiting tags, making each word, phrase, or chunk into identifiable, sort able information. The files, or document instances, you create consist of elements (tags) and content, and the elements help the documents to be understood fairly well when read from printouts or even processed electronically. The more descriptive the elements, the more a document's parts can be identified. From the early days of markup to today, one advantage of tagging content is that if a computer system is lost, the data in print can still be understood from its tags.

Markup languages evolved from early, private company and government forms into Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML), Hypertext Markup Language (HTML), and eventually into XML. SGML can seem complex, and HTML (which was really just an element set) was just not powerful enough to identify information. XML is designed as an easy-to-use and easy-to-extend markup language.

With XML, you can create your own elements, giving you the freedom to precisely represent your pieces of information. Rather than treating your documents as headings and paragraphs, you can identify each part within the document. For efficiency, you'll want to define a finite list of your elements and stick to them. You can define your elements in a Document Type Definition (DTD) or in a schema. As you start out and get used to XML, feel free to experiment with element names as you build practice files.

Some important features of XML:

XML is a set of rules (you may also think of them as guidelines or conventions) for designing text formats that let you structure your data.
XML uses the tags only to delimit pieces of data, and leaves the interpretation of the data completely to the application that reads it.
A forgotten tag or an attribute without quotes makes an XML file unusable, while in HTML such practice is often explicitly allowed.
XML Schemas help developers to precisely define the structures of their own XML-based formats.
XML allows you to define a new document format by combining and reusing other formats.
XML is license-free; you can build your own software around it without paying anybody anything.

You have to enter the line “” first to start writing XML code. Following shows a well-formed XML structure of some data. First you have to write it in notepad and Save As it with FirstData.xml file in your drive.

After that double click that file (FirstData.XML) and it’ll open in your default browser as shown bellow:

Overview of LINQ

noreply@blogger.com (Manas) — Wed, 28 Oct 2009 14:31:00 +0000

Rather than add relational or XML-specific features to our programming languages and runtime, with the LINQ project we have taken a more general approach and are adding general-purpose query facilities to the .NET Framework that apply to all sources of information, not just relational or XML data. This facility is called .NET Language-Integrated Query (LINQ).

We use the term language-integrated query to indicate that query is an integrated feature of the developer's primary programming languages (for example, Visual C#, Visual Basic). Language-integrated query allows query expressions to benefit from the rich metadata, compile-time syntax checking, static typing and IntelliSense that was previously available only to imperative code. Language-integrated query also allows a single general purpose declarative query facility to be applied to all in-memory information, not just information from external sources.

.NET Language-Integrated Query defines a set of general purpose standard query operators that allow traversal, filter, and projection operations to be expressed in a direct yet declarative way in any .NET-based programming language. The standard query operators allow queries to be applied to any IEnumerable-based information source. LINQ allows third parties to augment the set of standard query operators with new domain-specific operators that are appropriate for the target domain or technology. More importantly, third parties are also free to replace the standard query operators with their own implementations that provide additional services such as remote evaluation, query translation, optimization, and so on. By adhering to the conventions of the LINQ pattern, such implementations enjoy the same language integration and tool support as the standard query operators.

The extensibility of the query architecture is used in the LINQ project itself to provide implementations that work over both XML and SQL data. The query operators over XML (LINQ to XML) use an efficient, easy-to-use, in-memory XML facility to provide XPath/XQuery functionality in the host programming language. The query operators over relational data (LINQ to SQL) build on the integration of SQL-based schema definitions into the common language runtime (CLR) type system. This integration provides strong typing over relational data while retaining the expressive power of the relational model and the performance of query evaluation directly in the underlying store.

The following example shows how to include a LINQ query in a Web page. The example displays the results from the query in a GridView control.

[VB Code]

Protected Sub Page_Load(ByVal sender As Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles Me.Load

    If Not IsPostBack Then

        Dim dataContext As AdventureWorksDataContext =  New AdventureWorksDataContext()

        Dim query = From contact In dataContext.Contacts _

          Where contact.EmailPromotion = 1 _

          Select contact

        GridView1.DataSource = query

        GridView1.DataBind()

    End If

End Sub

[C# Code]

protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)

    if (!IsPostBack)

        AdventureWorksDataContext dataContext =  new AdventureWorksDataContext();

        var query = from contact in dataContext.Contacts

          where contact.EmailPromotion==1

          select contact;

        GridView1.DataSource = query;

        GridView1.DataBind();

}
}

Web Services Overview

noreply@blogger.com (Manas) — Mon, 26 Oct 2009 13:56:00 +0000

A Web Service is programmable application logic accessible via standard web protocols. One of these web protocols is the Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP). SOAP is a W3C (World Wide Web Consortium), that uses standards based technologies (XML for data description and HTTP for transport) to encode and transmit application data.

Consumers of a Web Service do not need to know anything about the platform, object model or programming language used to implement the service. They only need to understand how to send and receive SOAP messages (HTTP and XML). It would also be relatively straightforward to build an application capable of receiving SOAP messages over HTTP and deriving meaningful value out of it. For those of you familiar with PERL, this could simply be a matter of using RegEx to parse the value out of the XML result; it's just another string.

Like other asp.net framework application, for web service also we need the framework.
The reasoning is quite logical. We don't need to know a high level knowledge to develop a Web Service. Just the capability to serialize our data as XML, transports the data using HTTP, and de-serializes the XML back to meaningful data. Instead, we want a framework that makes building Web Services easy. ASP.NET provides this framework for us.

Let's start with some very simple application logic so we can see what we need to do to expose our logic as a Web Service. We'll use an Add() method that accepts two Integers and returns their sum. Bellow we can demonstrate the code in two languages:

Steps to create and consume a webservice

Creation:

Open Visual Studio .NET.
On the File menu, click New and then click Project. Under Project types click Visual C# Projects/VB Projects, and then click ASP.NET Web Service under Templates. Type MathService in the Location text box to change the default name (WebService1) to MathService.
Change the name of the default Web service that is created from Service1.asmx to MathService.asmx.
Click Click here to switch to code view in the designer environment to switch to code view.
Define methods that encapsulate the functionality of your service. Each method that will be exposed from the service must be flagged with a WebMethod attribute in front of it. Without this attribute, the method will not be exposed from the service.
Add the following method to the MathServices class that you just created:

C# Code:

[WebMethod]
    public int Add(int a, int b)
    {
        return (a + b);
    }
VB Code:

Public Function Add(ByVal a As Integer, ByVal b As Integer)

Return (a + b)
End Function

7. Click Build on the Build menu to build the Web service.
8.Browse to the MathService.asmx Web service page to test the Web service. If you set the local computer to host the page, the URL is http://localhost/MathService/MathService.asmx.

Consumption or Usage:

Open Visual Studio .NET.
Under Project types click Visual C# Projects/VB Projects, then click Console Application underTemplates.
Add a reference for the MathService Web service to the new console application.
This step creates a proxy class on the client computer. After the proxy class exists, you can create objects based on the class. Each method call that is made with the object then goes out to the uniform resource identifier (URI) of the Web service (usually as a SOAP request).

a. On the Project menu, click Add Web Reference.

b. In the Add Web Reference dialog box, type the URL for the Web service in the Address text box and press ENTER. If you set the local computer to host the Web service, the URL is http://localhost/MathService/MathService.asmx.

c. Click Add Reference. Alternatively, you can type the URL to the discovery file (MathService.vsdisco) or click Web References on Local Web Server in the left pane to select the MathService service from the list.

d. Expand the Web References section of Solution Explorer and note the namespace that was used.

Create an instance of the proxy object that was created. Place the following code in the function called Main:

C# Code:

localhost.Service myMathService = new localhost.Service1();

VB Code:

Dim myMathService As New localhost.Service1

5. Invoke a method on the proxy object that you created in the previous step, as follows:

C# Code:

Console.Write("2 + 4 = {0}", myMathService.Add(2, 4));

VB Code:

Console.Write("2 + 4 = {0}", myMathService.Add(2, 4))

  6.Click Build on the Build menu to build the console application.
  7. Click Start on the Debug menu to test the application.
  8.Close and save the project.

WPF	Silverlight
1. WPF is for local use.	Silverlight is meant to be used online.
2. WPF applications are restricted to later versions of the Windows operating system.	Silverlight applications regardless of the operating system.
3. WPF can utilize local resources.	Silverlight lacks access to local resources.
4. WPF is capable of full 3D images.	Silverlight only has perspective 3D support.

Shortcut		Description

Ctrl-X or Shift-Delete	Cuts the currently selected item to the clipboard
Ctrl-C or Ctrl-Insert	Copies the currently selected item to the clipboard
Ctrl-V or Shift-Insert	Pastes the item in the clipboard at the cursor
Ctrl-Z or Alt-Backspace	Undo previous editing action
Ctrl-Y or Ctrl-Shift-Z	Redo the previous undo action
Ctrl-Shift-V or Ctrl-Shift-Insert	Pastes an item from the clipboard ring tab of the Toolbox at the cursor in the file and automatically selects the pasted item. Cycle through the items on the clipboard by pressing the shortcut keys repeatedly
Esc	Closes a menu or dialog, cancels an operation in progress, or places focus in the current document window
Ctrl-S	Saves the selected files in the current project (usually the file that is being edited)
Ctrl-Shift-S	Saves all documents and projects
Ctrl-P	Displays the Print dialog
F7	Switches from the design view to the code view in the editor
Shift-F7	Switches from the code view to the design view in the editor
F8	Moves the cursor to the next item, for example in the TaskList window or Find Results window
Shift-F8	Moves the cursor to the previous item, for example in the TaskList window or Find Results window
Shift-F12	Finds a reference to the selected item or the item under the cursor
Ctrl-Shift-G	Opens the file whose name is under the cursor or is currently selected
Ctrl-/	Switches focus to the Find/Command box on the Standard toolbar
Ctrl-Shift-F12	Moves to the next task in the TaskList window
Ctrl-Shift-8	Moves backward in the browse history. Available in the object browser or Class View window
Alt-Left Arrow	Go back in the web browser history
Alt-Right Arrow	Go forward in the web browser history

Shortcut	Description
Left Arrow	Moves the cursor one character to the left
Right Arrow	Moves the cursor one character to the right
Down Arrow	Moves the cursor down one line
Up Arrow	Moves the cursor up one line
Page Down	Scrolls down one screen in the editor window
Page Up	Scrolls up one screen in the editor window
End	Moves the cursor to the end of the current line
Home	Moves the cursor to the beginning of the line. If you press Home when the cursor is already at the start of the line, it will toggle the cursor between the first non-whitespace character and the real start of the line
Ctrl-End	Moves the cursor to the end of the document
Ctrl-Home	Moves the cursor to the start of the document
Ctrl-G	Displays the Go to Line dialog. If the debugger is running, the dialog also lets you specify addresses or function names to go to
Ctrl-]	Moves the cursor to the matching brace in the document. If the cursor is on an opening brace, this will move to the corresponding closing brace and vice versa
Ctrl-K, Ctrl-N	Moves to the next bookmark in the document
Ctrl-K, Ctrl-P	Moves to the previous bookmark
Ctrl-K, Ctrl-I	Displays Quick Info, based on the current language
Ctrl-Down Arrow	Scrolls text down one line but does not move the cursor. This is useful for scrolling more text into view without losing your place. Available only in text editors
Ctrl-Up Arrow	Scrolls text up one line but does not move the cursor. Available only in text editors
Ctrl-Right Arrow	Moves the cursor one word to the right
Ctrl-Left Arrow	Moves the cursor one word to the left
Ctrl-Shift-1	Navigates to the next definition, declaration, or reference of an item. Available in the object browser and Class View window. Also available in source editing windows if you have already used the Edit.GoToReference (Shift-F12) shortcut
Ctrl-Shift-2	Navigates to the previous definition, declaration, or reference of an item

Shortcut	Description
Enter	Inserts a new line
Delete	Deletes one character to the right of the cursor
Insert	Toggles between insert and overtype insertion modes
Tab	Indents the currently selected line or lines by one tab stop. If there is no selection, this inserts a tab stop
Shift-Tab	Moves current line or selected lines one tab stop to the left
Backspace or Shift-Backspace	Deletes one character to the left of the cursor
Ctrl-K, Ctrl-C	Marks the current line or selected lines of code as a comment, using the correct comment syntax for the programming language
Ctrl-K, Ctrl-U	Removes the comment syntax from the current line or currently selected lines of code
Ctrl-T or Shift-Enter	Swaps the characters on either side of the cursor. (For example, AC\|BD becomes AB\|CD.) Available only in text editors
Ctrl-K, Ctrl-L	Removes all unnamed bookmarks in the current document
Ctrl-M, Ctrl-O	Automatically determines logical boundaries for creating regions in code, such as procedures, and then hides them. This collapses all such regions in the current document
Alt-Right Arrow or Ctrl-Spacebar	Displays statement completion based on the current language or autocompletes word if existing text unambiguously identifies a single symbol
Ctrl-K, Ctrl-\	Removes horizontal whitespace in the selection or deletes whitespace adjacent to the cursor if there is no selection
Ctrl-K, Ctrl-F	Applies the indenting and space formatting for the language as specified on the Formatting pane of the language in the Text Editor section of the Options dialog to the selected text.
Ctrl-L	Cuts all selected lines or the current line if nothing has been selected to the clipboard
Ctrl-Shift-L	Deletes all selected lines or the current line if no selection has been made
Ctrl-Enter	Inserts a blank line above the cursor
Ctrl-Shift-Enter	Inserts a blank line below the cursor
Shift-Alt-T	Moves the line containing the cursor below the next line
Ctrl-J	Lists members for statement completion when editing code
Ctrl-U	Changes the selected text to lowercase characters
Ctrl-Shift-U	Changes the selected text to uppercase characters
Ctrl-Shift-Spacebar	Displays a tooltip that contains information for the current parameter, based on the current language
Ctrl-M, Ctrl-U	Removes the outlining information for the currently selected region
Ctrl-M, Ctrl-P	Removes all outlining information from the entire document
Ctrl-R, Ctrl-P	Swaps the anchor and endpoint of the current selection
Ctrl-M, Ctrl-L	Toggles all previously marked hidden text sections between hidden and display states
Ctrl-K, Ctrl-K	Sets or removes a bookmark at the current line
Ctrl-M, Ctrl-M	Toggles the currently selected hidden text section or the section containing the cursor if there is no selection between the hidden and display states
Ctrl-K, Ctrl-H	Sets or removes a shortcut in the tasklist to the current line
Ctrl-R, Ctrl-R	Enables or disables word wrap in an editor
Ctrl-R, Ctrl-W	Shows or hides spaces and tab marks
Ctrl-Delete	Deletes the word to the right of the cursor
Ctrl-Backspace	Deletes the word to the left of the cursor
Ctrl-Shift-T	Transposes the two words that follow the cursor. (For example, \|End Sub would be changed to read Sub End\|.)

Shortcut	Description
Shift-Left Arrow	Moves the cursor to the left one character, extending the selection
Shift-Alt-Left Arrow	Moves the cursor to the left one character, extending the column selection
Shift-Right Arrow	Moves the cursor to the right one character, extending the selection
Shift-Alt-Right Arrow	Moves the cursor to the right one character, extending the column selection
Ctrl-Shift-End	Moves the cursor to the end of the document, extending the selection
Ctrl-Shift-Home	Moves the cursor to the start of the document, extending the selection
Ctrl-Shift-]	Moves the cursor to the next brace, extending the selection
Shift-Down Arrow	Moves the cursor down one line, extending the selection
Shift-Alt-Down Arrow	Moves the cursor down one line, extending the column selection
Shift-End	Moves the cursor to the end of the current line, extending the selection
Shift-Alt-End	Moves the cursor to the end of the line, extending the column selection
Shift-Home	Moves the cursor to the start of the line, extending the selection
Shift-Alt-Home	Moves the cursor to the start of the line, extending the column selection
Shift-Up Arrow	Moves the cursor up one line, extending the selection
Shift-Alt-Up Arrow	Moves the cursor up one line, extending the column selection
Shift-Page Down	Extends selection down one page
Shift-Page Up	Extends selection up one page
Ctrl-A	Selects everything in the current document
Ctrl-W	Selects the word containing the cursor or the word to the right of the cursor
Ctrl-=	Selects from the current location in the editor back to the previous location in the navigation history
Ctrl-Shift-Page Down	Moves the cursor to the last line in view, extending the selection
Ctrl-Shift-Page Up	Moves the cursor to the top of the current window, extending the selection
Ctrl-Shift-Alt-Right Arrow	Moves the cursor to the right one word, extending the column selection
Ctrl-Shift-Left Arrow	Moves the cursor one word to the left, extending the selection
Ctrl-Shift-Alt-Left Arrow	Moves the cursor to the left one word, extending the column selection

Shortcut	Description
Ctrl-Shift-B	Builds the solution
Ctrl-N	Displays the New File dialog. Note: files created this way are not associated with a project. Use Ctrl-Shift-A to add a new file in a project
Ctrl-Shift-N	Displays the New Project dialog
Ctrl-O	Displays the Open File dialog
Ctrl-Shift-O	Displays the Open Project dialog
Shift-Alt-A	Displays the Add Existing Item dialog
Ctrl-Shift-A	Displays the Add New Item dialog
Ctrl-Alt-Insert	Allows you to override base class methods in a derived class when an overridable method is highlighted in the Class View pane

Shortcut	Description
Shift-Alt-Enter	Toggles full screen mode
Ctrl-+	Goes back to the previous location in the navigation history. (For example, if you press Ctrl-Home to go to the start of a document, this shortcut will take the cursor back to wherever it was before you pressed Ctrl-Home.)
Ctrl-Shift-+	Moves forward in the navigation history. This is effectively an undo for the View.NavigateBackward operation
Ctrl-F4	Closes the current MDI child window
Shift-Esc	Closes the current tool window
Ctrl-F2	Moves the cursor to the navigation bar at the top of a code view
Ctrl-Tab	Cycles through the MDI child windows one window at a time
Ctrl-F6, Ctrl-Shift-Tab	Moves to the previous MDI child window
Alt-F6, Ctrl-Shift-F6	Moves to the next tool window
Shift-Alt-F6	Moves to the previously selected window
F6	Moves to the next pane of a split pane view of a single document
Shift-F6	Moves to the previous pane of a document in split pane view
Ctrl-Pagedown	Moves to the next tab in the document or window (e.g., you can use this to switch the HTML editor from its design view to its HTML view
Ctrl-PageUp	Moves to the previous tab in the document or window

Shortcut	Description
Ctrl-Alt-V, A	Displays the Auto window to view the values of variables currently in the scope of the current line of execution within the current procedure
Ctrl-Alt-Break	Temporarily stops execution of all processes in a debugging session. Available only in run mode
Ctrl-Alt-B	Displays the Breakpoints dialog, where you can add and modify breakpoints
Ctrl-Alt-C	Displays the Call Stack window to display a list of all active procedures or stack frames for the current thread of execution. Available only in break mode
Ctrl-Shift-F9	Clears all of the breakpoints in the project
Ctrl-Alt-D	Displays the Disassembly window
Ctrl-F9	Enables or disables the breakpoint on the current line of code. The line must already have a breakpoint for this to work
Ctrl-Alt-E	Displays the Exceptions dialog
Ctrl-Alt-I	Displays the Immediate window, where you can evaluate expressions and execute individual commands
Ctrl-Alt-V, L	Displays the Locals window to view the variables and their values for the currently selected procedure in the stack frame
Ctrl-Alt-M, 1	Displays the Memory 1 window to view memory in the process being debugged. This is particularly useful when you do not have debugging symbols available for the code you are looking at. It is also helpful for looking at large buffers, strings, and other data that does not display clearly in the Watch or Variables window
Ctrl-Alt-M, 2	Displays the Memory 2 window
Ctrl-Alt-M, 3	Displays the Memory 3 window
Ctrl-Alt-M, 4	Displays the Memory 4 window
Ctrl-Alt-U	Displays the Modules window, which allows you to view the .dll or .exe files loaded by the program. In multiprocess debugging, you can right-click and select Show Modules for all programs
Ctrl-B	Opens the New Breakpoint dialog
Ctrl-Alt-Q	Displays the Quick Watch dialog with the current value of the selected expression. Available only in break mode. Use this command to check the current value of a variable, property, or other expression for which you have not defined a watch expression
Ctrl-Alt-G	Displays the Registers window, which displays CPU register contents
Ctrl-Shift-F5	Terminates the current debugging session, rebuilds if necessary, and then starts a new debugging session. Available in break and run modes
Ctrl-Alt-N	Displays the Running Documents window that displays the set of HTML documents that you are in the process of debugging. Available in break and run modes
Ctrl-F10	Starts or resumes execution of your code and then halts execution when it reaches the selected statement. This starts the debugger if it is not already running
Ctrl-Shift-F10	Sets the execution point to the line of code you choose
Alt-NUM *	Highlights the next statement to be executed
F5	If not currently debugging, this runs the startup project or projects and attaches the debugger. If in break mode, this allows execution to continue (i.e., it returns to run mode).
Ctrl-F5	Runs the code without invoking the debugger. For console applications, this also arranges for the console window to stay open with a "Press any key to continue" prompt when the program finishes
F11	Executes code one statement at a time, tracing execution into function calls
Shift-F11	Executes the remaining lines of a function in which the current execution point lies
F10	Executes the next line of code but does not step into any function calls
Shift-F5	Available in break and run modes, this terminates the debugging session
Ctrl-Alt-V, T	Displays the This window, which allows you to view the data members of the object associated with the current method
Ctrl-Alt-H	Displays the Threads window to view all of the threads for the current process
F9	Sets or removes a breakpoint at the current line
Ctrl-F11	Displays the disassembly information for the current source file. Available only in break mode
Ctrl-Alt-W, 1	Displays the Watch 1 window to view the values of variables or watch expressions
Ctrl-Alt-W, 2	Displays the Watch 2 window
Ctrl-Alt-W, 3	Displays the Watch 3 window
Ctrl-Alt-W, 4	Displays the Watch 4 window
Ctrl-Alt-P	Displays the Processes dialog, which allows you to attach or detach the debugger to one or more running processes

Shortcut	Description
Ctrl-Shift-M	Toggles the Command window into or out of a mode allowing text within the window to be selected
Ctrl-Shift-C	Displays the Class View window
Ctrl-Alt-A	Displays the Command window, which allows you to type commands that manipulate the IDE
Ctrl-Alt-T	Displays the Document Outline window to view the flat or hierarchical outline of the current document
Ctrl-Alt-F	Displays the Favorites window, which lists shortcuts to web pages
Ctrl-Alt-O	Displays the Output window to view status messages at runtime
F4	Displays the Properties window, which lists the design-time properties and events for the currently selected item
Shift-F4	Displays the property pages for the item currently selected. (For example, use this to show a project's settings.)
Ctrl-Shift-E	Displays the Resource View window
Ctrl-Alt-S	Displays the Server Explorer window, which allows you to view and manipulate database servers, event logs, message queues, web services, and many other operating system services
Ctrl-Alt-R	Displays the web browser window, which allows you to view pages on the Internet
Ctrl-Alt-L	Displays the Solution Explorer, which lists the projects and files in the current solution
Ctrl-Alt-K	Displays the TaskList window, which displays tasks, comments, shortcuts, warnings, and error messages
Ctrl-Alt-X	Displays the Toolbox, which contains controls and other items that can be dragged into editor and designer windows