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Dividing ASP.NET MVC Components in Separate Projects

2012-01-17T07:57:00.000+05:30

Whenever we create new ASP.NET MVC 3 project, it follow pre defined directory convention and adds few files and directory to the project. However it is not compulsory to follow this default directory structure, but it help us to keep application clean & maintainable by grouping application component based on functionality i.e. controller, model, view etc. But when it comes to large project, it is very hard to maintain all components in one project.

In such scenario, it is advisable to divide different components in different library projects. i.e. all model classes goes in separate library project, all controller goes in another library project and so on. Apart from model, and controller, it is also advisable to encapsulate business logic in separate library project rather than placing it in controller. By this way we can reuse business logic to expose additional services for e.g. it may happen application also provide API for third party integration. In this case we can reuse business logic to build API services because generally business logic remain same regardless of consumer (here web portal or API services).

So here we will see how we can divide model, controller, and view in separate project. Once we done with dividing MVC component in different project, it is quite easier to encapsulate business logic in separate project.

To get started, create blank solution in Visual Studio and add one library project to it. Let give it name ModelLib. We need to add reference to Entity Framework as ModelLib is responsible to deal with data source. To add reference of Entity Framework via NuGet type following in Package Manager Console in Visual Studio.

Now we can add model classes in this project. So far we have done successfully but it may require that we need to add more references to the project as and when it is needed. For e.g. reference to System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations to use Data Annotations Attribute to validate property or field of model.

Now add one more class library project named ControllerLib and add following references to the project.

Entity Framework
ASP.NET MVC 3 assembly which is by default installed at C:\Program Files\Microsoft ASP.NET\ASP.NET MVC 3\Assemblies
ModelLib project

Now we can create new controller within this project as we were creating it with default project template by inheriting class from System.Web.Mvc.Controller and use the same naming convention i.e. NameController.cs where name is replaced with controller name.

NOTE: While adding new model or controller classes, verify that its access modifier is public. Because here model and controller classes are placed in different assembly and might be in different namespace also.

So far we are ready with controller and model classes, now its turn to build views. To build view, add empty MVC 3 project template (or we can even use Phil Haack’s Really Empty MVC 3 template) and add references to the ControllerLib project. Now we are just one step away to finish! Now we can add view as we were adding it in default project template within sub directory of view directory.

To run application set MVC 3 project, which we added in last, as a startup project and run by pressing F5.

One great thing is that in this pattern also Add View dialog populate with model classes from ModelLib project as displayed in below image so we can even create strongly typed view based on model!!

Sample project can be downloaded from here.

Hope this would be helpful. You can follow me @NandipMakwana to get latest update via twitter.

Installing and Running node.js application with iisnode

2012-01-11T09:12:00.000+05:30

Over a last few days, all are talking about asynchronous programming especially node.js and signalr. Microsoft also included AsyncCTP within ASP.NET 4.5. But it seems node.js and SignalR is winning the race. Anyway we are not going to compare AsyncCTP with node.js or SignalR. In this post we will see how to install and run node.js in IIS 7 with iisnode.

Get IIS ready to run node.Js application

To run node.js application under IIS, we need to install node.js engine on server which can be download from http://www.nodejs.org/#download. Installing node.js engine will enable us to run node.js application on windows server. But still we require configuring IIS so it can route .js requests to the node.js engine. This can be easily done with the help of iisnode module for IIS 7.x. Once we install iisnode module, we can configure web.config file to route .js or particular file to iisnode module. Iisnode module can be downloaded from https://github.com/tjanczuk/iisnode/archives/master once you install iisnode, you will able to find iisnode module in IIS Manager under modules.

Iisnode will also install sample application to get started with node.js. Sample application is copied within iisnode installation directory. If you installed iisnode with default settings, then sample can be found in C:\Program Files\iisnode\www directory. To run this sample application, create new application within default website for e.g. let say nodejsapp which points to sample application directory mentioned above. Now go to http://localhost/nodejsapp/ and you should able to see different sample link on your browser.

Now let examine HelloWorld sample. Go to http://localhost/nodejsapp/helloworld/hello.js to run server side JavaScript with the help of node.js engine.

Ohhh!! It looks there are some issue with application pool write permission. Scott Hanselman already posted issue here. There are two temporary workaround to deal with this permission issue. One is disable logging by adding following key in web.config.

Another one is create one application pool with identity as LocalSystem and assign that application pool to the nodejsapp application.

Now you should able to run node.js sample shipped with iisnode.

ASP.NET 4.5 : Issue With CssMinify And Workaround For It

2011-12-25T21:52:00.000+05:30

Before 2-3 days, while I was examining Bundling and Minification in ASP.NET 4.5. I observed problem with CSS3 minification while using default bundling which is available with Microsoft.Web.Optimization. Exploring more on it I found that there is a bug in CSS3 minification (while using nested parentheses) and it is already logged at

http://connect.microsoft.com/VisualStudio/feedback/details/696436/microsoft-web-optimization-cannot-compress-css3-animations
and
http://connect.microsoft.com/VisualStudio/feedback/details/689523/bugs-in-microsoft-web-optimization

Later I thought that why not create custom transform type for CSS3 which can be used with Bundling and Minification till above bug got fixed in next release. So I started to search for any open source module for CSS3 minification as I was not interested in creating my own buggy module (because it may possible, I might forget to include some possible CSS3 syntax). After searching and testing a few modules I came across to JavaScript port of YUI Compressor which is available at http://tools.w3clubs.com/cssmin/ and in my test YUI Compressor pass all cases. Luckily today I found a C# port of YUI Compressor on codeplex. Thanks to Pure Krome for this work. So with the help of C# port of YUI Compressor, I have created custom transform type for CSS3 minification which can be used with ASP.NET 4.5 and MVC 4 application. CSS3Minify transform type can be downloaded from here.

To use this transform type with Bundling and Minification download it from here and add downloaded class file into your ASP.NET 4.5 or MVC 4 application. You do not need to add reference to YUI Compressor.

Open Global.asax.cs file and in Application_Start event add following two lines.

DynamicFolderBundle Css3Bundle = new DynamicFolderBundle("css3", typeof(CSS3Minify), "*.css", false);

BundleTable.Bundles.Add(Css3Bundle);

That’s it now you should get your CSS3 minified. However this is temporary workaround till this bug got fixed in next version of Microsoft.Web.Optimization.

Let me know if you found any problem with this.

Creating Custom Transform Type for Bundling and Minification in .NET 4.5

2011-12-24T02:11:00.000+05:30

Yesterday, we have learnt how to implement default Bundling and Minification with ASP.NET MVC 4 application as well we also examined how to create custom bundle which bundle and minify only specified files. While creating custom bundle, we suppose to pass transform type to bundle. Microsoft.Web.Optimization assembly shipped with two inbuilt transform type namely JsMinify and CssMinify. In addition to built-in transform type, we can also create our own custom transform type. Today we will examine how to create custom transform type for Bundling and Minification.

To create new transform type, add new class to your MVC 4 or .NET 4.5 application. For e.g. MyJsMinify. Each transform type must implement interface IBundleTransform and Process member function of IBundleTransform interface.

Process method accepts one argument of BundleResponse type. This BundleResponse object is used to retrieve list of files included in bundle. Once we process retrieved files, we will assign processed response back to BundleResponse so it can send it back to browser.

BundleResponse class has 4 properties. Each of them is as follow.

BundleResponse.Files

This is IEnumerable collection of files which is included in bundle.

BundleResponse.ContentType

Through this property, we can set content type for bundle so that browser can render it appropriately. Default content type "text/html".

BundleResponse.Cacheability

We can use this property to set Cache-Control HTTP header of bundled response.

BundleResponse.Content

Anything which we set as a value of this property, that content will be sent back to browser as a response of bundle. We have examined each property of BundleResponse class. So basic steps for creating custom transform type is iterate through each file of BundleResponse.Files, process it and assign it back to BundleResponse.Content. And finally set appropriate content type and cache control if it is required.

Complete code for custom transform type is given below.

public class MyJsMinify : IBundleTransform
{
    public void Process(BundleResponse bundle)
    {
        string strAllJS = string.Empty;
        // Collect content of each included files
        foreach (FileInfo obj in bundle.Files)
        {
            StreamReader srCSSFile = new StreamReader(obj.FullName);
            strAllJS += srCSSFile.ReadToEnd();
            srCSSFile.Close();
        }
        // Process gathered content or
        // process indivisual file in
        // loop and finally assign it back
        bundle.Content = strAllJS;
        bundle.ContentType = "text/javascript";
        bundle.Cacheability = HttpCacheability.Public;
    }
}

Finally we can use custom transform type as we were using built-in transform type!!!

Bundle myJSBundle = new Bundle("~/MyJSBundle", typeof(MyJsMinify));

Hope this would be helpful.

Bundling and Minification in ASP.NET MVC 4

2011-12-23T09:08:00.000+05:30

This post is part of ASP .NET MVC 4 Article Series.

In yesterday’s post, we have discussed that in today’s web application, client side operation is also important as much as server operation. And hence client side operation increase, JavaScript code is also increased and for maintainability of code we generally separate it by functionality in different files. Hence separated code is JavaScript so web page needs to reference many JavaScript files. Now the trouble may starts, as all browsers limits the parallel request and request beyond that limits goes in queue. More information on each browser can be found here on Browserscope. To overcome this we can combine all JavaScript files in one. But as far as code maintainability is concern this is not the right solutions. Another way is to combine and minify all files on the fly. This is also sound to be right solution than combining all JavaScript files into one. Here we will see how we can leverage the Microsoft.Web.Optimization assembly to achieve this.

With .NET 4.5, Microsoft introduced a new featured called Bundling and Minification which bundle multiple JavaScript and CSS files in one requests and minify it by removing white spaces and characters which is not required. Microsoft introduced a new class called BundleTable which take care of Bundling and Minification. BundleTable class is shipped with two inbuilt Bundle for JavaScript and CSS respectively. However one can easily create their own custom Bundle as per requirements. Here we will see how we implement Bundling and Minification in MVC 4 application.

To get started, create new MVC 4 application, build it and open it in Firefox or any other browser. And inspect the loaded JavaScript information with the help of developer tools of browser you are using.

We can see in above image that before implementing Bundling and Minification, browser requests four JavaScript files and total size of JavaScript files are 503.8KB. Now let enable Bundling with MVC 4 application and again inspect the loaded JavaScript to check how it benefit. We discuses earlier that BundleTable shipped with two inbuilt Bundle one for JavaScript and one for CSS. So first of all let enable this default Bundle. Later we will also see how we can create our own custom Bundle also. To enable default bundling, open global.asax.cs and in Application_Start events write following lines.

BundleTable.Bundles.EnableDefaultBundles();

We have enabled default bundles, but still we have not referenced it in view. Open _Layout.cshtml and looks for following lines in Head tag.

Replace above lines with following line to reference default JavaScript Bundle and press Ctrl + F5 to see Bundling and Minification in action.

Again inspect JavaScript information, after enabling default bundle. We can see in below image that browser request only one JavaScript file which is combination of previously loaded four files. Moreover if you will look at size of loaded JavaScript then you will find that it is also reduced by almost 25% previously it was total 503.8KB and after Minification it is just 359.8KB!!!

Bundling and Minification with CSS

Same way we can also reference bundled and minified CSS by replacing default CSS reference with following one in _Layout.cshtml. However Bundling and Minification does not works with CSS3 rules. It is also logged here on connect.microsoft.com. I have posted temporary workaround for it here in my post: ASP.NET 4.5 : Issue With CssMinify And Workaround For It

Creating custom Bundle with .NET 4.5 and MVC 4

So far we have used default bundle. Now we will create one custom bundle which will bundle and minify only required files. To create custom bundle we need to create object of Bundle class by specifying virtual path through which we can reference custom bundle and transform type whether it is JavaScript or CSS. Complete code for creating custom bundle is as follow. Write following code snippet in Application_Start event.

Bundle myJSBundle = new Bundle("~/MyJSBundle", typeof(JsMinify));

myJSBundle.AddDirectory("~/Scripts", "*.js", false);
myJSBundle.AddFile("~/Scripts/jquery.validate.min.js");
myJSBundle.AddFile("~/Scripts/common.js");

BundleTable.Bundles.Add(myJSBundle);

To reference created custom bundle, write following lines in respective view.

Conclusion

With vNext or .NET 4.5, it is easier to implement Bundling and Minification with very less effort and without major changes.

Hope this would be helpful.

Efficient Use Of jQuery Object

2011-12-22T08:58:00.001+05:30

Day by day, jQuery is becoming a more popular and it is widely used instead core JavaScript. With ASP.NET & ASP.NET MVC also there are so many good examples available on net to get best of both. Moreover default project template of ASP.NET MVC is also including latest jQuery file for easiness of client operation.

To perform any jQuery operation, first we need to select target DOM element or set of DOM elements. And we are living (rather programming) in the era of web 2.0 and Mashup where web documents are suppose to be large with few hundred elements and lots of client side operation as well. So here we will see how one small tip can be helpful to improve jQuery performance.

Many a time we have seen developer to perform a various operation on a specific DOM element or specific set of DOM element as described below.

$("#MyDiv").show();
$("#MyDiv").addClass("header");
$("#MyDiv").css("height","100");

However nothing is wrong in above code and it will works fine without any error. But there is a lot to improvements in above code. In above example we are selecting "MyDiv" elements three times; means for each of three operations, jQuery will search for "MyDiv" in whole document and then after it will perform specific operation on it. There are two different ways to overcome this overhead. Both are explained below.

jQuery Chaining 'em up

$("#MyDiv").show().addClass("header").css("height","100");

As displayed in above example, if we are supposed to use specific DOM elements or set of DOM elements in one code block only, Then we should use jQuery Chaining pattern as displayed above. In this it will select "MyDiv" only once. As we know that after performing any jQuery operation, it will return jQuery object so we can directly use that returned jQuery object to perform next operation and can form chaining pattern.

Cache jQuery Object

var myDivElement = $("#MyDiv");
myDivElement.show();
myDivElement.addClass("header");
myDivElement.css("height","100");

jQuery chaining pattern is suitable when we are suppose to perform multiple operation in one code block only, but it will not helpful when we have to perform multiple operation from different-different code block. In such situation we should cache jQuery object as displayed in above example and then after use cached object instead selecting it each and every times.

Hope this would be helpful.

SQL Wait Stats Joes 2 Pros Review

2011-12-19T14:15:00.001+05:30

Last month on 5th Anniversary give away of http://blog.sqlauthority.com/ , I received, SQL Wait Stats Joes 2 Pros book from Pinal Dave. Although I am not a SQL developer but I was very curious to know more about SQL Wait Stats since the June 11, 2011 (day, I attended Pinal Dave’s session on Wait Stats at Community Tech Day, Ahmadabad) as it affect the overall performance of system. As I told I am not SQL developer, so after that day, I could not bother (frankly telling) to look into book when it is published. Luckily, Last month I received book from Pinal Dave on 5th anniversary of his blog. And surprisingly after starting to read it I could not stop it and completed whole book in one seating! And I realized that I could have missed many things if I have not received the book. I would highly recommend all reader of this blog to read this book once. So I thought to write on why this book is special for person who has to deals with SQL server (and of course to convey my gratitude towards Pinal Dave also).

Real world example

One of the best parts of this book is that each and every topic in this book is explained with real life example just like Head First Series except graphical representation. But I am sure examples used in this book are very much easy to understand and uses day to day life example.

Covered Beginner to Advance Level Topic

Another great feature about this small book (110 pages only) is that it starts with beginner level introduction and end with justifying advance level topics. For e.g. Wait Stats on Multi-tasking, external resources, etc.

System Architecture

Apart from exploration of SQL Wait Stats, if you are little interested in knowing Under the hood of system then also this book is useful for you to get started thinking on how actual systems work.

Practical hands-on example

Each chapter of this book is wrapped with ready to use hands on example and exercise so reader can directly use that example on their machine and can get started to explore around it.

Points to Ponder Section

Each chapter of this book is committed (so there is no need of rollback) with "Points to Ponder Section" which include quick review of the points covered in respective chapter and review quiz for a quick refresh.

SQL Wait Stats Joes 2 Pros on Flipkart | Amazon

Upgrading an ASP.NET MVC 3 Project to ASP.NET MVC 4

2011-12-13T22:15:00.000+05:30

This post is part of ASP .NET MVC 4 Article Series.

To upgrade and existing ASP.NET MVC 3 Project to ASP.NET MVC 4, one need to take care of following points. Complete guideline on upgrading from MVC 3 to MVC 4 is available in MVC 4 Release Notes.

In all web.config, including one in root folder and Views folder, change assembly version 3.0.0.0 to 4.0.0.0 for System.Web.Mvc and 1.0.0.0 to 2.0.0.0 for System.Web.WebPages, System.Web.Helpers, System.Web.WebPages.Razor.
Change appSettings value for key "webPages:Version" to "2.0.0.0". Apart from that also add new appSettings key named "PreserveLoginUrl" with "true" as a value. More information on PreserveLoginUrl key can be found here.
Now remove all reference to MVC 3.0 assembly and Webpages 1.0 assembly. And add a reference to MVC 4.0 assembly and Webpages 2.0 assembly.
If you are using any third party assembly built with previous versions of MVC then do not forget to configure bindingredirect in root web.config as mentioned here.
Finally one more step is to change project type to MVC 4 from MVC 3. For that unload project by right clicking in solution explorer and select edit ProjectName.csproj file. Now Locate the ProjectTypeGuids element and replace {E53F8FEA-EAE0-44A6-8774-FFD645390401} with {E3E379DF-F4C6-4180-9B81-6769533ABE47}. Now save changes and re load the project.

Complete step by step information is given here in MVC 4 Release Notes.

Summarizing DateTime.Now & StopWatch In C#

2011-12-09T07:29:00.001+05:30

In last post, Efficient Use of Try Catch Block, we have used StopWatch class to measure CPU ticks consumed by particular code execution. After reading that one of the reader asked cant we use DateTime.Now instead. So here I have tried to explain the same.

Many times we have found developer to use DateTime.Now to measure the performance of code execution. But if you google it out, you will find plenty of source which recommend using StopWatch class instead DateTime.Now. Here I am summarizing few of them.

As per the MSDN

The Stopwatch measures elapsed time by counting timer ticks in the underlying timer mechanism. If the installed hardware and operating system support a high-resolution performance counter, then the Stopwatch class uses that counter to measure elapsed time. Otherwise, the Stopwatch class uses the system timer to measure elapsed time. Use the Frequency and IsHighResolution fields to determine the precision and resolution of the Stopwatch timing implementation.

It means StopWatch class uses higher resolution / precision than DateTime.Now. So it is worth to use StopWatch class for more accurate result.

One more thing we need to consider while using DateTime.Now function is that DateTime.Now return Date and Time after applying system time zone and daylight saving time settings. So it also adds overhead to the DateTime.Now function.

In above output, we can see that DateTime.Now return time zone applied value (UTC +05:30 in my case). So one may recommend using DateTime.UtcNow to overcome time zone calculation overhead. But it will not also helpful. Continue reading what is difference between DateTime.Now and DateTime.UtcNow :)

Moreover StopWatch class is shipped under System.Diagnostics namespaces hence Microsoft designed StopWatch class keeping in mind that it would more useful for diagnosis purpose and provide utmost accurate result.

However as per Barfield’s comment on John Chapman’s blog that StopWatch uses more system resources. But I don’t think that you will consider it while you are benchmarking your system.

We have enough discussion. Now let see one small example which shows clear measurement difference discussed here.

Use of DateTime.Now

DateTime dtStart;
DateTime dtEnd;
TimeSpan tsDifference;

dtStart = DateTime.Now;
System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(500);
dtEnd = DateTime.Now;

tsDifference = dtEnd - dtStart;

Console.WriteLine("CPU Ticks Count With Now : " + tsDifference.Ticks);

Output:

Use of DateTime.UtcNow

DateTime dtStart;
DateTime dtEnd;
TimeSpan tsDifference;

dtStart = DateTime.UtcNow;
System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(500);
dtEnd = DateTime.UtcNow;

tsDifference = dtEnd - dtStart;

Console.WriteLine("CPU Ticks Count With UtcNow : " + tsDifference.Ticks);

Output:

Use of StopWatch

Stopwatch sw = new Stopwatch();

sw.Start();
System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(500);
sw.Stop();

Console.WriteLine("CPU Ticks Count With StopWatch : " + sw.ElapsedTicks);

Output:

Conclusion

Based on above discussion and example, we can clearly see that use of StopWatch is preferable over DateTime.Now and DateTime.UtcNow as Stopwatch provide more accurate result.

What do you say reader???

Efficient Use of Try Catch Block

2011-12-06T07:51:00.001+05:30

In all application, whether it is web or desktop, whether it is built in .NET or JAVA or any other language, we all are using (and we should use if we are not!) Try Catch Block or similar available mechanism to handle the exception.

But recently while I was working on one application, I observed that Try Catch Block was also used to make decision!!! As Try Catch mechanism is provided to handle exception and hence it is heavy operation and utilizes more CPU, we should not use Try Catch for such decision making scenario. Instead we should look for any alternate solution. Let try to understand whole scenario by formulating one small example.

In all below example, I am using System.Diagnostics.Stopwatch class to count CPU ticks consumed by particular task.

Example 1 Scenario 1 : With Try Catch

string strPrice = "abc";
int Price;           
Stopwatch sw = new Stopwatch();
sw.Start();

try
{
    Price = Int32.Parse(strPrice);
    // DO SOMETHING
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
    Price = 0;
    // DO SOMETHING
}

sw.Stop();
Console.WriteLine("CPU Ticks Used For Parsing : " + sw.ElapsedTicks.ToString());

Output:

In above example, we are parsing string into integer within Try block and performing some operation (If part of if else condition). And if we are unable to parse string (as displayed in above case), it throws an exception and goes in Catch block and there we perform some other operation (else past of if else condition).

Now observe below scenario, in that we are rewriting above 10 line code with another 10 line with if else and of course we are removing Try Catch also :)

Example 1 Scenario 2 : Without Try Catch

string strPrice = "abc";
int Price;           
Stopwatch sw = new Stopwatch();
sw.Start();

Int32.TryParse(strPrice, out Price);
if (Price == 0)
{
    // DO SOMETHING
}
else
{
    // DO SOMETHING
}

sw.Stop();
Console.WriteLine("CPU Ticks Used For Parsing : " + sw.ElapsedTicks.ToString());

Output:

Volia!!! We have reduced CPU ticks from 42949 to 27.

I don’t think that, I need to write more on scenario 2. It is self explanatory. Here the idea is that we should use Try Catch to handle exception only. In above example we are just parsing one string, but consider scenario where we are iterating through few thousands element or collection and where 90% or more elements are suppose to be string only and hence it goes in Catch block (Yes I faced the same situation!) After replacing Try Catch Block with If Else, I observed 10 times faster code than previous one.

Now let see one more example for illustrative purpose.

Example2 Scenario 1 : With Try Catch

Stopwatch sw = new Stopwatch();
sw.Start();

FileStream fs;
try
{
    fs = File.Open("D:\\nandip.docx", FileMode.Open);
}
catch
{
    fs = File.Open("D:\\nandip.docx", FileMode.Create);
}

sw.Stop();
Console.WriteLine("CPU Ticks Used For Reading File : " + sw.ElapsedTicks.ToString());

Output:

Example 2 Scenario 2 : Without Try Catch

Stopwatch sw = new Stopwatch();
sw.Start();

if (File.Exists("D:\\nandip.docx"))
{
    fs = File.Open("D:\\nandip.docx", FileMode.Open);
}
else
{
    fs = File.Open("D:\\nandip.docx", FileMode.Create);
}

sw.Stop();
Console.WriteLine("CPU Ticks Used For Reading File : " + sw.ElapsedTicks.ToString());

Output:

In above example also we can see CPU ticks reducing from 106668 to 1820. Idea behind above example is to show how to choose alternate solution where we fall in such situation or found in inherited code :)

I hope two example discussed here, one real life example and one for illustrative purpose, would be helpful.

Import Apache mod_rewrite Rules in IIS 7

2011-10-30T09:08:00.000+05:30

With Microsoft's Web Stack, many PHP applications are now hosted on IIS. As PHP is an open source, one of the advantages of using PHP is that you will find plenty of free script for ready to use. And basically these all ready to use scripts are written for LAMP model, so we might face some problem related to web server (Apache vs IIS) configuration while running these scripts on IIS. Recently one of my friend face similar problem with Apache rewrite rules while he deployed ready to use PHP script on IIS, and asked me to resolve it.

We need to convert apache mod_rewrite rules into IIS URL Rewrite rules to deploy PHP application on IIS. We can accomplish this task in two ways.

First way

Open .htaccess file of PHP and manually convert each apache mod_rewrite rule in IIS URL Rewrite rule and then save it in web.config. Now loop through above process for total number of apache mod_rewrite rule ;)

Smarter way

Instead of manually loop through each apache mod_rewrite rule and converting it in IIS URL Rewrite rule, we can automate this process with IIS URL Rewrite Module. Earlier in one post we have seen how we can use IIS URL Rewrite Module to set preferred domain. Following is the steps for converting apache mod_rewrite rules into IIS URL Rewrite rules.

Open URL Rewrite Module in IIS.

In Actions pane of right side, click on import rules. It will open Import mod_rewrite rules screen.

Browse through .htaccess file and click on import button.

You can see summary of converted rules in tree view. You can also verify converted rules in XML view.

After verifying each rule click on apply in Actions pane.

That’s it, you have done. Now your all apache mod_rewrite rules are converted in IIS URL Rewrite rule and saved in web.config.

IIS 7 Tutorial Posts Link

2011-10-30T09:03:00.000+05:30

This page keep tracks of tutorial post link on IIS administrations and configurations.

Build Online C# Syntax Checker with Roslyn

2011-10-21T08:04:00.000+05:30

On 19th Oct, Microsoft released first Community Technology Preview of the Roslyn Project. With the release of Roslyn Project, First time Microsoft is opening up the C# and Visual Basic compilers through Rich Roslyn API. More detail about Core API and others feature of October CTP released can be found here.

As far as the web development concerns, Possibilities are lot increased with Roslyn project. In future we might see web application for online syntax checker-formatter, online code compiler (Upload code and download dll / assembly!!!), and might even whole online IDE based on SaaS model!!!

Possibilities are endless. Here we will see how we can create online C# syntax checker with the help of Roslyn.Compilers.CSharp.DiagnosticList class.

NOTE: Please note that Roslyn Project is a still in technology preview and there are known issues and only a subset of the VB and C# languages has been implemented at this time.

Create new web application with Roslyn (See my post on how to setup .NET project with Roslyn).

In default.aspx add one textbox, button, and label as below. And on button click event write following code.

protected void btnCheck_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
    string strDetail = "";
    Diagnostic obj;
    var tree = SyntaxTree.ParseCompilationUnit(txtSyntax.Text);

    if (tree.GetDiagnostics().Count == 0)
    {
        strDetail += "Diagnostic test passed!!!";
    }

    for (int i = 0; i < tree.GetDiagnostics().Count; i++)
    {
        obj = tree.GetDiagnostics()[i];
        strDetail += "<b>" + (i + 1).ToString() + ". Info: </b>" + obj.Info.ToString();
        strDetail += " <b>Warning Level: </b>" + obj.Info.WarningLevel.ToString();
        strDetail += " <b>Severity Level: </b>" + obj.Info.Severity.ToString() + "<br/>";
        strDetail += " <b>Location: </b>" + obj.Location.Kind.ToString();
        strDetail += " <b>Character at: </b>" + obj.Location.GetLineSpan(true).StartLinePosition.Character.ToString();
        strDetail += " <b>On Line: </b>" + obj.Location.GetLineSpan(true).StartLinePosition.Line.ToString();
        strDetail += "</br>";                
    }            

    lblResult.Text = strDetail;
}

Code Explanation

DiagnosticList is a collection or list of Diagnostic class gives information which can be helpful to diagnosis any error if there is. Diagnostic.Info property gives various information which is helpful in diagnosis. For e.g. Error code, Warning Level, Severity Level, Message, etc. whereas Diagnostic.Location property give information which can be helpful to identify error location. For e.g. line no, character position, source file or metadata error and lot more.

Sample Output

Setup .NET Project with Roslyn

2011-10-21T07:44:00.000+05:30

Yesterday Microsoft released first Community Technology Preview of the Roslyn Project. With the release of Roslyn Project, First time Microsoft is opening up the C# and Visual Basic compilers through Rich Roslyn API. More detail about Core API and others feature of October CTP released can be found here.

In this post we will see how to setup .NET project with Roslyn.

Prerequisite

Visual Studio 2010 SP1 SDK (Download it here)
Microsoft “Roslyn” CTP (Download it here)

Setup Project with Roslyn

Create new project (Web / Console / Windows)

From Project menu click on Add Reference, it will open Add Reference dialog box.

You need to add reference to Roslyn.Compilers and Roslyn.Services.CSharp or Roslyn.Compilers.VisualBasic depending upon your project language C# or Visual Basic.

You can find these assemble under .NET tab of Add Reference dialog. Add reference to appropriate assembly as listed above.

In case if you do not find above assembly under .NET tab then navigate to Browse tab and look in C:\Program Files\Reference Assemblies\Microsoft\Roslyn\v1.0 directory. By default all Roslyn assembly are placed at that location.

That’s it, you have done!!! You can now leverage the rich Roslyn API to build application or extensions based on Roslyn.

Under the Hood of Display Mode in MVC 4

2011-09-27T01:33:00.000+05:30

This post is part of ASP.NET MVC 4 Article Series.

I am little late in publishing this post as I was busy with my 1st codeplex project. Very soon I will post about my 1st codeplex project. Till that, enjoy this MVC 4 series and do let me know your valuable feedback.

In our last post, we have seen how we can use Display Mode feature of MVC 4 to enable browser specific view. In this post we will examine how in built Display Mode works in MVC 4.

We know that we can create view for mobile browser by adding .mobile suffix in view name. For e.g. index.mobile.cshtml. And this mobile view will be automatically rendered in mobile browser and we also know how to add new Display Mode in MVC 4 application but the question is that we have not added any Display Mode for .mobile suffix than also how it is rendered automatically in mobile browser. We will try to debug it in this post.

Get started for the Learn with Fun

Create a new MVC 4 application.
Open Global.asax.cs and put break point on Application_Start as displayed in below image.

Now press F5 and wait till break point hit.
Now open Immediate Window and type as shown below.

As you can see the value of System.Web.WebPages.DisplayModes.Modes.Count is 2 which mean there are two in built Display Mode in MVC 4 application. Let take it further to know more about these two in built Display Mode.
First of all stop debugging by pressing Shift + F5 and import System.Web.WebPages namespace at the top of Global.asax.cs file so we need not to write full qualified name in debugging process.
Now again press F5 and wait till break point hit.
Type following in the Immediate Window.

We have tried to create instance of DefaultDisplayMode class and assigned it with Display Mode at 0th position. Examining its DisplayModeId properties, we found that its value is Mobile and hence this Display Mode is responsible for rendering mobile view in mobile browser. Examining ContextCondition properties, we found that it reference the <.cctor>b__b(System.Web.HttpContextBase) method and hence this method is responsible for validating current request context that whether it is from mobile browser or not (We will also dig into this method at later in this post).

Same way let also inspect Display Mode at 1st position just as we inspected of 0th position. Type following in the Immediate Window.

As we can see in Immediate Window that DisplayModeId is set to blank or empty and ContextCondition is set to null which means if all preceding Display Mode’s ContextCondition fail at that time this Display Mode will be taken in consider. So keep patient while adding Display Mode with null ContextCondition and make sure you add it after adding all other Display Mode otherwise succeeding Display Mode will never taken in consideration.

In earlier in this post, while we examined Display Mode at 0th position at that time we noticed that <.cctor>b__b(System.Web.HttpContextBase) method is responsible for validating current request context. To dig more on this method do as follow.

Open Visual Studio Command Prompt and type ildasm.
Open System.Web.WebPages.dll and navigate to <.cctor>b__b(System.Web.HttpContextBase) method under System.Web.WebPages.DisplayModes.
Now double clicking on method name will open a new window.

Examining code in that window you will find that it is detecting mobile browser with System.Web.HttpBrowserCapabilitiesBase::get_IsMobileDevice() which is equivalent to C# Request.Browser.IsMobileDevice.

So in this post, we tried to examine in built Display Mode of MVC 4. Hope this post would be helpful.

Display Mode in ASP.NET MVC 4

2011-09-21T23:09:00.000+05:30

This post is part of ASP.NET MVC 4 Article Series.

In previous post, we learnt how to get started with MVC 4 Mobile Project which target mobile or tablet device. Then after you can host this application to separate sub domain and redirect your mobile or tablet device visitor to that mobile application. In this post, we will learn how to develop a MVC 4 application which target desktop browser as well mobile or tablet device without redirecting to separate mobile application.

MVC 4 introduces a new Display Mode feature which enables us to create different version of view and it will select appropriate view version based on requesting browser. For e.g. if desktop browser is requesting home page then it can render Views\Home\Homepage.cshtml and if the mobile or tablet browser request home page then it can render Views\Home\Homepage.Mobile.cshtml without changing URL of the application.

We can also have different version for layout and partial view. So whenever desktop browser will make request at that time it will use Views\Shared\_Layout.cshtml and if mobile or tablet browser is making request at that time it will use Views\Shared\_Layout.Mobile.cshtml

In addition to layout view, same strategy also applies for partial vie. For e.g. @Html.Partial(“Login”) will render login.cshtml if requesting browser is desktop otherwise it will render login.Mobile.cshtml if request is made by mobile browser.

How Display Mode works

To get started with different view version, you need to register each view version name in Application_Start event of the global.asax.cs. So later on application can select appropriate view version when browser request satisfies certain conditions.

We can register a new display mode or view version with the DefaultDisplayMode class and we need to assign Display Mode name and condition when to apply this Display Mode. For e.g. following code snippet register a display mode “Mobile” which will used whenever any mobile browser make a request.

protected void Application_Start()
{
        System.Func<HttpContextBase, bool> contextCheckDelegate = contextCheck;
        DefaultDisplayMode mobileMode = new DefaultDisplayMode("Mobile");
        mobileMode.ContextCondition = contextCheckDelegate;
        DisplayModes.Modes.Add(mobileMode);
}

public bool contextCheck(HttpContextBase objHttpContextBase)
{
	If(IsMobileBrowser)
		Return true;
	Else
		Return false;
}

In above code, we have seen that ContextCondition properties of DefaultDisplayMode accept a delegate so we can register a more than one Display Mode with the application.

Now have a quick look at sample application for Display Mode.

Sample application with MVC 4 which target desktop as well mobile device

Create a new MVC 4 application
Now in the Views\Home folder and Views\Shared add new views (You can even add existing views which we created with Mobile Project Template and then rename it as shown in the following picture. So you do not need bother about layout and designing for Mobile views) as displayed in following picture.

Now add following code in the Application_Start event of the global.asax.cs (You can download full Regular expression to detect mobile browser from the http://detectmobilebrowsers.com/)

protected void Application_Start()
{
        System.Func<HttpContextBase, bool> contextCheckDelegate = contextCheck;
        DefaultDisplayMode mobileMode = new DefaultDisplayMode("Mobile");
        mobileMode.ContextCondition = contextCheckDelegate;
        DisplayModes.Modes.Add(mobileMode);
}

public bool contextCheck(HttpContextBase objHttpContextBase)
{
        string strUserAgent = objHttpContextBase.Request.UserAgent;
        Regex strBrowser = new Regex(@"android.+mobile|blackberry|ip(hone|od)", RegexOptions.IgnoreCase | RegexOptions.Multiline);
        if ((strBrowser.IsMatch(strUserAgent)))
        {
            return true;
        }
        return false;
}

Build the project and views it in browser by pressing Ctrl + F5
Now open same URL with any mobile emulator or you can even use Mozilla with Mozilla User Agent Switcher Add-ons. I am using User Agent Switcher. Switch user agent to iPhone and now press F5. You will see the mobile index.mobile.cshtml view rendered.

In above scenario, note the address bar of the browser in both case, you will notice that address bar remains same even if it render different view based on requesting browser.

ASP.NET MVC 4 Mobile Project Template

2011-09-18T12:56:00.000+05:30

This post is part of ASP.NET MVC 4 Article Series.

With ASP.NET MVC 4, it’s even easier to setup and carry out a project which target mobile and tablet device. Yes MVC team introduce a new project template with MVC 4 which target mobile and tablet platform. This project template is build on the base of jQuery Mobile. And hence it is also optimized for better experience for touch screen.

To get started with Mobile Project Template in MVC 4

Create a new ASP.NET MVC 4 Web Application
Select Mobile Application template when it ask to select project template

As far as the server side code (Controller, Model) is concern, it is same structured as Internet Application template. But responsibility of well rendering and well behavior for touch media is left on jQuery Mobile.

Inspecting Script folder of Internet Application Template and Mobile Project Template, you will find additional jquery.mobile-1.0b2.js file which is core script of jQuery Mobile included in Mobile Project Template of MVC 4.

Internet Application Project

Mobile Project

Another major difference between Internet Application Template and Mobile Project Template is in its view. Inspecting _Layout.cshtml, you will notice some additional script reference and script in Mobile Project which is used by mobile or template device. In addition to script, another major difference in MVC 4 Mobile Project Template View is use of data-role and other attribute which is required for Mobile page structure and it used by mobile device and jQuery Mobile for proper rendering and behavior in touch screen and Smartphone. You can get more information regarding this here.

ASP.NET MVC 4 Mobile Project Template

Hope It would be helpful.

First look at ASP.NET MVC 4 Templates

2011-09-16T08:28:00.000+05:30

This post is part of ASP.NET MVC 4 Article Series.

With release of ASP.NET MVC 4 Developer Preview, ASP.NET MVC team introduces a new default project template for MVC 4. New template has following improvements.

Cosmetic Improvements
New MVC 4 project template has cosmetic improvements prior to MVC 3 project template. And it will help community to create good looking modern websites with the default template itself without investing more in template designing.

Adaptive Rendering
Along with cosmetic improvements, new MVC 4 template used technique called Adaptive Rendering which will help in proper rendering in desktop browser as well mobile browser also without making any changes. To see Adaptive Rendering in action, resize browser window to be smaller and accordingly MVC 4 template layout will be changed to fit with screen size.

Rich UI
Another major improvement with MVC 4 default project template is use of JavaScript and jQuery plugins to provide rich UI. Click on Register and Login link to see rich UI in action.

Getting Started With ASP.NET MVC 4

2011-09-15T23:31:00.000+05:30

This post is part of ASP.NET MVC 4 Article Series.

In this first post of ASP.NET MVC 4 article series, we will see how and from where we can download and install MVC 4. Following are the different useful links for downloading ASP.NET MVC 4.

ASP.NET MVC 4 NuGet Packages
One good news is that MVC 4 is also available via NuGet. To install MVC 4 via NuGet, type following in the Package Manager Console.

For more detail regarding NuGet package please visit http://www.nuget.org/List/Packages/AspNetMvc

ASP.NET MVC 4 for Visual Studio 2010
If you are using Visual Studio 2010 then you can use MVC 4 with Visual Studio 2010. To install MVC 4 via Web Platform Installer for Visual Studio 2010 please visit following link.
http://www.microsoft.com/web/gallery/install.aspx?appid=MVC4VS2010&prerelease=true

ASP.NET MVC 4 for Visual Studio 11 Developer Preview
If you are using Visual Studio 11 Developer Preview then you can install MVC 4 in Visual Studio 11 Developer Preview via following link.
http://www.microsoft.com/web/gallery/install.aspx?appid=MVC4VS11&prerelease=true

ASP.NET MVC 4 Direct Download Link
For Visual Studio 2010, first you need to install Visual Studio 2010 SP1 KB983509 via http://download.microsoft.com/download/2/3/0/230C4F4A-2D3C-4D3B-B991-2A9133904E35/VS10sp1-KB983509.exe

MVC 4 Direct link for Visual Studio 2010 http://download.microsoft.com/download/E/D/7/ED7CB028-2CBD-4E26-87D5-C9164A0B4849/AspNetMVC4VisualStudio2010Setup.exe

MVC 4 Direct link for Visual Studio 11 Developer Preview http://download.microsoft.com/download/E/D/7/ED7CB028-2CBD-4E26-87D5-C9164A0B4849/AspNetMVC4VisualStudio11Setup.exe

Useful links

http://asp.net/mvc/mvc4 for latest update regarding MVC 4
http://forums.asp.net/1146.aspx ASP.NET MVC forum

ASP.NET MVC 4 Article Series

2011-09-15T23:28:00.000+05:30

Well after a long buzz of vNext (ASP.NET 4.5) and MVC 4. Yesterday Microsoft released a developer preview of ASP.NET 4.5 and MVC 4. For a next couple of day I am going to post about cool new features of MVC 4. And accordingly I will update this page with updated MVC 4 post links.

Getting Started With ASP.NET MVC 4 (15-Sep-2011)
First look at ASP.NET MVC 4 Templates (16-Sep-2011)
ASP.NET MVC 4 Mobile Project Template (18-Sep-2011)
Display Mode in ASP.NET MVC 4 (21-Sep-2011)
Under the Hood of Display Mode in MVC 4 (27-Sep-2011)
ASP.NET MVC 4 Mobile Features (By Rick Anderson)
Upgrading an ASP.NET MVC 3 Project to ASP.NET MVC 4 (13-Dec-2011)
Bundling and Minification in ASP.NET MVC 4 (23-Dec-2011)
Creating Custom Transform Type for Bundling and Minification in .NET 4.5 & MVC 4 (24-Dec-2011)

Hope it would be helpful.

Article featured on official ASP.NET website home page!!

2011-09-02T07:44:00.001+05:30

Last Updated On : 7-Feb-2012
This page keep track of article featured on www.asp.net. My first article was featured in August 2011. Starting from August 2011, There are total 9 article featured till February 2012. Thanks to all reader of dotnetExprtGuide.com for making this success.

Very soon we hope to start article series on new release of Visual Studio and ASP.NET. So stay connected. You can also connect us through following social media.

10-Aug-2011: Article of the day Validate uploaded image content in ASP.NET
31-Aug-2011: www.asp.net homepage Validate uploaded image content in ASP.NET
25-Sep-2011: www.asp.net homepage ASP.NET MVC 4 Article Series Also available on MSDN
02-Nov-2011: Article of the day Under the Hood of Display Mode in MVC 4
07-Nov-2011: Article of the day ASP.NET 4.0 : Visualize Response.RedirectPermanent
25-Nov-2011: Article of the day Build Online C# Syntax Checker with Roslyn
23-Dec-2011: www.asp.net homepage Creating Custom Transform Type for Bundling and Minification in .NET 4.5
2-Jan-2012: Article of the day Bundling and Minification in ASP.NET MVC 4
6-Feb-2012: Article of the day Dividing ASP.NET MVC Components in Separate Projects

6-Feb-2012: Article of the day
2-Jan-2012: Article of the day	23-Dec-2011: www.asp.net homepage
25-Nov-2011: Article of the day	07-Nov-2011: Article of the day
02-Nov-2011: Article of the day	25-Sep-2011: www.asp.net homepage
31-Aug-2011: www.asp.net homepage	10-Aug-2011: Article of the day

You can also connect us through following social media.

IIS 7 : Redirect domain.com to www.domain.com

2011-08-19T22:08:00.000+05:30

IIS URL Rewrite extensions enables web administrator to enforce powerful rules to transform complex URLs into simple and consistent Web addresses. As well it also helps to produce user and search engine friendly URLs.

In this post, we will examine how we can use IIS URL Rewrite extensions to redirect domain.com to www.domain.com. For more information on how to connect to remote website through IIS read my previous post. As we all know that by default we can access website with or without WWW. For e.g. browsing nandipmakwana.com and www.nandipmakwana.com will open same website. This means there are two different web addresses are available for one website and hence website’s SEO ranking will be distributed between these two addresses. To overcome these SEO ranking distribution, we can force all web traffic to redirect either domain.com or www.domain.com. Google web masters tool also allow web master to set preferred domain for indexing website URLs.

So conclusion is that redirecting all web traffic to only one primary domain or canonical domain can improve SEO ranking. Following is the step to achieve same with IIS.

Connect to website through IIS manager and click on URL Rewrite icon.

In Actions pane click on Add Rules.

In Add Rules dialog box click you can find several predefined rule template. Click on canonical domain name template under search engine optimization section.

It will open dialog box to select primary domain for website. Choose appropriate options.

Press ok. You have done it. Now all your web traffic will be redirected to primary domain you have selected. And you can see added rewrite rule in list pane. But just using predefined rule template is not enough for web administrator. We should also dig into rule settings done by this rule template. For examine settings of created rule select rule in list pane and double click on it or click on Edit Rules link in Action Pane.

It will open edit inbound rule window. Scroll down to bottom of window. There you will find Action sections. In action sections, there is one drop down named Action Type. Default value of Action Type is redirect. Expand Action Type drop down to see different actions available for this rule.

And below action type drop down there is another drop down Redirect Type. Default value of this is Permanent (301). Expand drop down to see list of available other redirect type.

Setting redirection type Permanent (301) will cause to send HTTP 301 status code and then after it will redirect to primary domain. So search engine can index appropriate URLs.

Connect to remote site through remote IIS manager

2011-08-15T12:47:00.001+05:30

I was about to blog how we can redirect domain.com to www.domain.com (redirecting can improve SEO ranking, tune to next post for more detail) in IIS 7. But before that I thought let me first blog how to connect with remote website through IIS manager. Before proceeding with this tutorial we need to download IIS Manager for Remote Administration and of course windows hosting account which allow remote IIS management. After installing IIS Manager for Remote Administration open IIS Manager by typing inetmgr in Run window. In connection pane of IIS manager click on Create New Connection button. There are three different options. Click on Connect to a Site…

It will open new dialog box for connecting to remote website. In that dialog box enter server name and website name (which can be obtained from hosting control panel or contact hosting provider).

Clicking on next will ask for credentials for connecting to website.

After providing credentials when you click next, you might get server certificate alert depends on connecting server certificate. If you get one then click on connect if you trust connecting server.

On successful connection, it will ask for connection name. Provide connection name and click on finish button.

On connection, you might get following dialog asking to install server feature. This is the list of server feature which is not available on your local machine. If you want to manage / configure that feature through remote IIS then you must install it on your local machine.

After that you can see list of IIS feature available. Now you can configure it.

If you have any query regarding this or any other IIS feature then do let me know in comment thread so I can blog about it.

ASP.NET 4.0 : Visualize Response.RedirectPermanent

2011-07-06T22:35:00.001+05:30

In ASP.NET 4.0 there are new features that enable developer to make SEO friendly websites very easily. And if you google out, you will find plenty of article which explain this feature. But I am more interested in Response.RedirectPermanent. As the name suggest it is used to redirect permanently moved resources to new location. And most of all articles on the net just explain this with some example. But how can we visualize that whether resource is redirected permanently or not. So here is the answer for that. I have used FireBug to examine the same.

Whenever we redirect with Response.Redirect, we can see following activity in FireBug console.

As we can see that page which issues Response.Redirect its response status code 302(Found) which means requested url(default.aspx) is found but it is temporarily moved to about.aspx. More information on HTTP status code can be found here.

Now whenever we redirect with Response.RedirectPermanent, we can see following activity in FireBug console.

As we can see that page which issues Response.RedirectPermanent its response status code 301(Moved Permanently) which means requested url(default.aspx) is moved Permanently to about.aspx. 301 status code is used by search engine crawler to update search index to new moved information.

I hope information provided here would be more helpful to distinguish between Response.Redirect and Response.RedirectPermanent.

Validate uploaded image content in ASP.NET

2011-05-24T17:05:00.014+05:30

A very few day ago i had to face the situation where hacker uploaded the malicious ASP script to the web server by changing its extension to .JPG through user interface which allow user to upload image file. Although developer team had put the validation on extension. But unfortunately extension of ASP script was .JPG and hence it is allowed extension. So hacker could upload that malicious script.

After this situation i thought just checking only extension for uploaded file is not the sufficient. We need to check content as well of the uploaded file.

So i decided to check header information in uploaded image file. If it found valid header information then only save uploaded file otherwise discard uploaded file. After Digging couple of hour on http://www.wotsit.org(I am fan of www.wotsit.org for more than 5 years), found following Header Information about different image file format.

Image File Header Information Table
File Format	Offset	Length	Value
JPG / JPEG	0	4	0xFF, 0xD8, 0xFF, 0xE0
PNG	0	4	0x89, 0x50, 0x4E, 0x47
TIF / TIFF	0	4	0x49, 0x49, 0x2A, 0x00
GIF	0	4	0x47, 0x49, 0x46, 0x38
BMP	0	2	0x42, 0x4D
ICO	0	4	0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00

Instead of checking only header, we could also check whole file content against its file format. But checking only header could serve our purpose and it is also speedy process than checking whole file content so i am not checking whole file content.

Following code snippet validate header of known image types (JPG, PNG, TIFF, GIF, BMP, ICO) Please do let me know if i have missed any image types.

NOTE: In code snippet fuImage refer to ASP.NET file upload control

protected void btnUpload_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
    // DICTIONARY OF ALL IMAGE FILE HEADER
    Dictionary<string, byte[]> imageHeader = new Dictionary<string, byte[]>();
    imageHeader.Add("JPG", new byte[] { 0xFF, 0xD8, 0xFF, 0xE0 });
    imageHeader.Add("JPEG", new byte[] { 0xFF, 0xD8, 0xFF, 0xE0 });
    imageHeader.Add("PNG", new byte[] { 0x89, 0x50, 0x4E, 0x47 });
    imageHeader.Add("TIF", new byte[] { 0x49, 0x49, 0x2A, 0x00 });
    imageHeader.Add("TIFF", new byte[] { 0x49, 0x49, 0x2A, 0x00 });
    imageHeader.Add("GIF", new byte[] { 0x47, 0x49, 0x46, 0x38 });
    imageHeader.Add("BMP", new byte[] { 0x42, 0x4D });
    imageHeader.Add("ICO", new byte[] { 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00 });

    byte[] header;
    if (fuImage.HasFile)
    {
        // GET FILE EXTENSION
        string fileExt;
        fileExt = fuImage.FileName.Substring(fuImage.FileName.LastIndexOf('.') + 1).ToUpper();

        // CUSTOM VALIDATION GOES HERE BASED ON FILE EXTENSION IF ANY
        
        byte[] tmp = imageHeader[fileExt];
        header = new byte[tmp.Length];

        // GET HEADER INFORMATION OF UPLOADED FILE
        fuImage.FileContent.Read(header, 0, header.Length);

        if (CompareArray(tmp, header))
        {
            lblMessage.Text = "Valid ." + fileExt + " file.";
            // VALID HEADER INFORMATION 
            // CODE TO PROCESS FILE
        }
        else
        {
            lblMessage.Text = "Invalid ." + fileExt + " file.";
            // INVALID HEADER INFORMATION
        }
    }
    else
    {
        lblMessage.Text = "Please select image file.";
    }
}

private bool CompareArray(byte[] a1, byte[] a2)
{
    if (a1.Length != a2.Length)
        return false;

    for (int i = 0; i < a1.Length; i++)
    {
        if (a1[i] != a2[i])
            return false;
    }

    return true;
}

Any input on above is greatly appreciated...

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