Dr DS Vet Talk

Eye Cancer in Cattle (ocular squamous cell carcinoma)

2023-06-20T16:40:00.000+05:30

Hello Friends,
Today we will discuss about Eye Cancer in Cattle .

. The most common type of tumor or 'cancer eye' in cattle is squamous cell carcinoma.
. Its a Cancer occuring on the eye & eyelid
. Older cattle are more susceptible to cancer eye, with the disease being uncommon in cows under five years of age. (Mostly found over 5-6 years old cattle).
Now question is that ....
How to diagnose "Cancer eye" in Cattle?
(1) The tumours are found most commonly on the third eyelid.
(2) Small, circular, white elevation on the surface of the eyeball.
(3) wart-like growth on the eyelids, often with discharge
(4) You can see cauliflower-like. Structure that is bloody, ulcerated, friable, and foul smelling.

Etiology of ocular squamous cell carcinoma:-

(1) pigmentation.
(2) Age(more than 5 years are more susceptible).
(3) Exposure to sunlight (UV radiation).
(4) Breed

Treatment of Cancer Eye:-

The success of treatment is highly dependent on the location of the tumor and invasion of surrounding tissues.
(1) Cryotherapy:-
. Cryotherapy is a very useful therapeutic tool work on small tumors (less than 2 cm diameter)

(2) Radiation:--
Radiation therapy is not practical in the field but may be an option for valuable animals.
(3) Immunotherapy:
-Immunotherapy is still experimental

(4) Surgical procedure:-

Step: 1
Clean the area by using Blade.
Step: 2
Desensitized the area by giving 2% Lignocaine ( Local Anaesthesia)

Step: 3
Used suture matterial in a Interlocking pattern for holding tissue during expiration.
Step: 4
Skin incision Removal of Eye tissue with cancerous mass.

Step: 5
After removing cancer mass dead area packed with iodine gauze.

Step: 6
skin suture in Horizontal mattress.

Step: 7
Antibiotics & NSAIDS given repeatedly for a week.

Note:- For more information click on the link 👇

https://youtu.be/xNdsZwR0N2I

Prevention and Control of Cancer Eye

. Routine inspection of All Cows (Aged More Than 6 Years Old) .

(1) it is Important to Always Check Both Eyes.
(2) Multiple lesions identification of plaques,papillomas & keratomas is preferable as these early stages.
(3) All treated animals should be closely observed on a regular basis for recurrence.

Thank you

Brucellosis in Cattle 🐄

2020-05-18T16:12:00.000+05:30

Hello friends,

We will discuss about Brucellosis in cattle

Etiology/Cause:-
:- Main Etiological agent that cause Brucellosis - Bacteria Brucella There are 5 Brucella bacteria each causing a different form of disease
(a)Brucella abortus - Affect Cattle, causing bovine brucellosis (Contagious abortion)
(b)Brucella ovis - Affect sheep ,causing Ovine brucellosis
(c)Brucella melintensis- Mainly affect Female goats, causing Caprine brucellosis
(d)Brucella suis - Affect pigs causing Swine brucellosis.
(e)Brucella canis- Affect Dogs,causing Canine brucellosis.
Brucellosis in Cattle :-
(1) Brucella abortus is highly contagious , spreading very easily between cattle as the calf .
(2) Zoonotic disease means it transmitted animals to humans.

Symptoms in Animals:-

Abortion
Stillborn
Weak calf born
Retention of fetal membranes;
Signs of infection in the membranes;
Swollen testicles in bulls
Knee Hygroma

Symptoms in Humans :-

(1) Intermittent Fever ( Undulating Fever)

(2) Flu like symptoms
(3) Orchitis in Male (inflammation in testicles)
For more details see the video👇

Diagnosis:-

Diagnosis can be done by laboratory testing of blood or milk samples or by laboratory culture of brucella abortus from the placenta, vaginal discharge or the milk of infected cows.

Treatment:-

(1) No treatment is available, which makes detection and prevention essential.

.Calfhood Vaccination:-

At the age of 4-8 months calf we should vaccinate by Live strainof Brucella abortus S-19 ( Bruvax) dose rate - 2ml s/c once in life .

.Another Vaccine RB-51

Prevention:-(for Animal)

(1) Testing herds regularly and culling has been an effective way of eradicating the disease in individual herds before.

(2) Quarantines are placed on infected herds and good sanitation and biosecurity will protect uninfected herds.

(3)In endemic areas vaccination is available. In some areas wild populations of buffalo, bison or cattle can carry the disease and infect domestic animals if they come into contact. Vaccination is not a guarantee but can increase resistance to infection.

Precaution:-(for Humans)

(1) Always use /drink Boil milk instead of Raw milk .

(2) Always use gloves during removing fetal membrane

Thank you

Horn Cancer in Cattle 🐂

2020-05-12T00:31:00.001+05:30

Hello Friends,

Today we will discuss about .....

(1) Horn cancer is a common condition in
bullocks in India.
(2) Horn cancer is generally unilateral and is encountered in cattle in the age group of (5-10 years)

Clinical signs of Horn Cancer:-

This disease is associated with chronic irritation of horn at their base .

(1) Head shaking.

(2) Tilting at the affected side.

(3) Bending of affected horn .

(4) Nasal discharge on the affected side.

(5) Cauliflower like growth.

For more information see the video👇

Treatment:-

Step-1

The animal restrained in standing position

Step-2

The surgical site prepared for aseptic surgery.

Step-3

Sedate the animal by xylazine hcl

@0.1-0.2mg/kg.

Step-4

10ml 2% Lignocaine hydrochloride was infiltrated in a fan pattern to desensitize the cornual nerve .

Step-5

After adequate analgesia dehorning was

done by Flap method.

Step-6

The incision was extended in an elliptical

manner around the corium.

Step-7

Following skin incision the cornual artery

were located on its ventral aspect & ligated by chromic catgut to prevent haemorrhage

Step-8

The exposed horn was then dehorned closely to its base by using gigli wire saw.

Step-9

The remaining attachment to the bone was chiselled out with bone chisel.

Step-10

The cavity was thoroughly curetted to get rid of neoplastic cells.

Step-11

To avoid haemorrhage gauze soaked in clotase was applied in the cavity for some time.

Step-12

The skin flaps were sutured by mattress suture pattern using silk and wound is covered with Tincture Benzoin seal to prevent haemorrhage.

Post-operative treatment :-

(1) Administration of ceftriaxone (10mg/kg intramuscularly).

(2) Meloxicam (0.2 mg/kg intramuscularly) for 7 days

(3) chlorpheniraminemaleate(10ml

intramuscularly) .

(4) Daily dressing of the suture line was

performed with 0.1% Povidone iodine

solution .applied Gentamicin tube .

(5) skin sutures were removed on 12th post-operative .

THANK YOU

Pancreatitis in Dog 🐕

2020-05-10T19:59:00.000+05:30

Hello friends,

Today we will discuss .....

pancreas is a vital organ that lies on the right side of the abdomen adjacent to the stomach.

The pancreas produces enzymes to assist in food digestion and hormones such as insulin, which regulates blood sugar .
Pancreatitis:-

"An Inflammation of Pancreas is known as Pancreatitis"

Causes of Pancreatitis:-

(1) The exact cause of pancreatitis is not known

(2) May be triggered in some cases by a fatty meal or corticosteroid administration.

many cases it appears to occur spontaneously

Symptoms Of Pancreatitis:-

The most common clinical signs include

(1) Vomiting

(2) Fever

(3)Diarrhea

(4) Abdominal pain
(Hunched back posture)

Diagnosis of Pancreatitis:-

1.Laboratory tests usually an elevated WBC.

2.cPLI test (specific test of Pancreatitis)

Treatment (Rx) of Pancreatitis :-

(1) 'Resting' the pancreas and allowing the body to heal itself.

(2) Fluid therepy (Normal saline ,RL etc.)

(3) NSAIDs, Antibiotics

Chronic kidney Disease (CKD) in Dogs 🐕

2020-05-09T16:48:00.000+05:30

Hello friends,

Today we will discuss the most important disease in Dogs

It’s an important topic to understand because.
(1) It is estimated that more than 1 in 10 dogs will develop kidney disease over a lifetime
(2) Kidney disease is more common in aged dog.

(A) Causes of Chronic kidney disease:-

(1) Here's list several risk factors that make dogs more susceptible to kidney disease.
Such as age or breed,an investigatereversible factors that initiate kidney damage.
Another facors responsible for kidney damage .

Glomerulonephritis
Pyelonephritis (kidney infection)
Nephrolithiasis (kidney stones)
Ureteral obstruction & hydronephrosis (stones causing a blockage)
Tubulointerstitial disease (involving the kidney tubules)
Leptospirosis
Cancer
Amyloidosis (protein problem)
Hereditary nephropathies (genetic proble)

Now we will discuss about what are the symptoms observe during chronic kidney disease.

(B) Clinical signs of Chronic kidney disease:-

Lots of symptoms show during chronic kidney problem but earliest symptom shows Polyuria.

(C) Test for chronic kidney disease :-

Physical Examination:- The first test your veterinarian is prefer for chronic kidney disese.

Enlarged, painful kidneys
Back or flank pain
Changes in the prostate or urinary bladder

A rectal examination can give more detail about the possibility of urethral, bladder or prostatic disease that might relate to kidney disease.

Other testing may include:

Complete blood count (CBC)—The CBC may reveal anemia (too few red blood cells) or an elevation white blood cells .
Urinalysis with sediment exam— A simple and economical way to gauge urine quality.
Infectious disease testing—Regular testing for heartworm infection and for vector borne diseases such as Ehrlichiosis and Lyme can identify risk factors for kidney disease.
Diagnostic imaging—Using radiography (X-rays) and diagnostic ultrasound to identify changes in the size, shape and architecture of the kidneys.
Blood pressure measurement—High blood pressure is common in dogs with chronic kidney disease.
Kidney Sampling.

NOTE:- The IDEXX SDMA Test ( serum concentration of symmetric dimethylarginine):- Latest sensitive kidney function test that helps identify the kidney disease in dogs

A new standard of care for monitoring kidney function that detects and reflects disease

SDMA is a sensitive indicator of kidney function that detects as little as 25% loss of function.
SDMA is more reliable than creatinine as an indicator of kidney function because it is not influenced by confounding conditions.
SDMA is an earlier indicator of progressive kidney function loss, often increasing before other parameters.
An increased SDMA may also serve as an indicator of concurrent disease that may have a secondary impact on kidney function.

(D) Treatment (Rx) of Chronic kidney disease:-

Providing adequate and appropriate nutrition.
Ensuring excellent hydration.
Balancing salts and acid-base levels.
Aggressively treating any protein problems or high blood pressure, since these conditions tend to worsen kidney damage.
Keeping plenty of fresh water available—this is essential!

8 Things to know before adopting a pet dog 🐕

2020-05-08T02:46:00.000+05:30

Hello Friends,

Are you thinking of adopting dog ?

1.Make sure you really want a dog? .

2.Which breed is right for you taken.

3.Take history before choose puppy or dog .

4.you should have veterinaria for routine check-up of dog.

5. Needed a proper place in house for dog .

6.provide ample opportunity to exercise

7.proper Grooming & Nail trimming .

8. Communicate with your dog & develop relationship.

(1)Make sure you really want a dog?

:-Deciding to get a dog should not be an impulsive choice.
:-Owning a dog is not all fun and games. They can be expensive, energetic, messy, strong-willed and noisy.
:- You need to really consider if you are ready for a long-term commitment.
:-You might be crazy about dogs

(2) Which breed is right for you taken.

:- you need to figure out before getting a dog if you want a puppy or an older dog, as well as what breed of dog would suit you best.

:- First of all you should clear what's your need i means u need a dog for working purpose or utility purpose or loyality.

:- A little puppy is always cute and fun, but they typically have a lot of energy and will need plenty of attention.

:- An adult dog may not need as much maintenance as a puppy, but it may have some habits that still need some training.

(3) Take history before choose puppy or dog .

:- You should know about the parental history of adopted puppy or dog as well as you should know about the physical health of your pet .

(4) you should have a veterinaria for routine check-up of dog.

:- You are now responsible for the dog’s wellbeing.

:- An important aspect of this includes regular checkups with veterinarian

:- Veterinarian will provide you with the information on vaccination schedules, deworming and external parasite control.

5. Needed a proper place in house for dog .

:- It might be a better idea to keep your dog in a specific area in your house where it cannot do too much damage or get hurt.

:- Make sure that the exploration areas are safe.

6.provide ample opportunity to exercise

:- Make sure your dog gets the regular exercise needed to enabke it to be fit.

:-Your dog will be more capable participating in the activities that it enjoy.

7.proper Grooming & Nail trimming.

:- Long coated dogs are prone to developing matts and ice balls in their hair.

:- Overgrown nails are common in elderly dogs and can make it more difficult for them to walk.

:- In addition, such nails are much more prone to breaking, which can be quite painful

8. Communicate with your dog & develop relationship.

:- Dogs are social creatures and they need to interact with their owner.

:- Quality time will help you get to know your dog and understand particular needs that it might have, as well enhance your ability to recognize early signs of an illness that could be developing.

Can animals be infected with SARS-CoV-2?

2020-05-07T01:33:00.001+05:30

Hello friends,

Today we will discuss about SARS-CoV-2

SARS-CoV-2

(severe acute respiratory syndrome CoV-2)

This is the scientific name of the CoV which causes COVID-19 has been named as SARS-CoV-2 by the international committee on taxonomy of virus (ICTV).

Image source- Google- web MD

Now question arise in our mind that.....

Q.Can animals be infected with SARS-CoV-?

Ans:-

1. SARS-CoV-2 infections are widely distributed in the human population.

2. There is a possibility? for some animals to become infected through close contact with infected humans.

3. Infection of animals with SARS-CoV-2 virus may have implications for animal health and welfare, for wildlife conservation, and for biomedical research.

4.Dogs, cats (domestic cats and a tiger), and minks have tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 in following close contact with infected humans.

NOTE:-There are is No evidence that they contribute to spreading of virus.so there is nothing to worry the fact is COVID-19 is only transmissible from human to human.

Image sources- Google_weforum.org