Understanding Allergy

Everyone knows someone with an allergy.  Whether it be seasonal allergies like hay fever or a life-threatening allergy to peanuts a staggering 10 million Canadians suffers from seasonal, environmental or food allergies.  Despite the vast difference in the cause of allergic symptoms the sequence of events in our body remains the same.  With this knowledge we can target treatments at the underlying cause of allergies and minimize the allergic sequence, and decrease or eliminate symptoms.

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The Allergic Sequence

A person becomes ‘allergic’ to a substance through a distinct two-step process.

Step 1 – Sensitization

During the first step of sensitization, a person begins to produce significant levels of immunoglobulin (IgE orIgG) antibodies against inhaled or ingested trigger substances (allergens).  This initial step stimulates production of memory B cells.  These long-lived cells will trigger future allergic responses when exposed to the allergen.

The antibodies then bind to cells in the blood (basophils) or cells in the skin, digestive tract and respiratory tract (mast cells).  Once the antibody binds to these cells a person is considered ‘sensitized’.

The process of sensitization does not produce any symptoms – it is only on re-exposure to the allergen that allergic symptoms will appear.

Step 2 – Reactivity

The second step in the allergic sequence occurs on re-exposure to the allergen and involves many distinct physiological processes.

In a sensitized person exposure to the allergen causes the allergen to form a ‘bridge’ on the surface of basophils and mast cells, cross-linking the immunoglobulin antibodies.  This bridging causes changes to occur in the cell, most significantly a degranulation of the mast cell or basophil.

Degranulation releases preformed allergic mediators (histamine) and begins synthesis of other allergic compounds (cytokines and eicosanoids).  Release of these compounds causes inflammation and the symptoms typically associated with allergies.

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Naturopathic Treatment of Allergies

Knowing the underlying process of allergies – the allergic sequence, and the immune compounds involved in that sequence allows us to focus our treatments on the specific physiological processes and diminish or eliminate symptoms naturally.

Anti-inflammatories

In past generations the only available treatment for allergies were systemic corticosteroids.  These powerful anti-inflammatories were effective but had significant severe, long-term adverse effects including bone loss, muscle weakness, weight gain, acne, osteoporosis, mood changes, elevated blood pressure and many more.  Fortunately we now have research showing natural anti-inflammatories are as effective as corticosteroids and much safer for long-term use.

Omega-3 rich fish oils are one of the most potent anti-inflammatories.  They alter the fatty acid structure of cell membranes throughout the body.  Having increased omega-3 fatty acids compared to omega-6 fatty acids decreases the amount of omega-6 available to be used for immune mediator production.  This leads to lower levels of substances that are involved in many allergic processes, such as histamine and leukotrienes.  Increase the amount of omega-3 you consume in your diet by eating cold water fish such as wild pacific salmon and mackerel.  Flax seeds are also a great vegetarian source of omega-3s.  Discuss with your Naturopathic Doctor whether you would also benefit from a fish oil supplement.

Minimizing inflammation can also be done by avoiding specific foods or food additives.  Consuming foods that we have a sensitivity to (determined by elimination diets or food sensitivity testing) creates a state of inflammation both in the digestive tract and throughout the body.  This state can worsen allergy symptoms.  Additionally, some foods (such as dairy and animal proteins) have been associated with increased mucus production or increased inflammation in some individuals.

Antioxidants

Dietary antioxidants, found in fruits and vegetables, are important for decreasing the production of allergic mediators in cells.  Consuming apples (a rich source of vitamin C and selenium) has been shown to decrease allergy and asthma symptoms in affected individuals.  Selenium is involved in preventing peroxidation of cell membranes, a problem that is more prevalent in people with allergies and asthma.

Consuming antioxidants in your food is the best medicine.  Fruits and vegetables not only have high amounts of antioxidants, but they also contain many other compounds that enhance our health.  In some instances an antioxidant supplement may be used, but is not usually required if your diet is rich and diverse.

Supplements and Botanicals

Quercetin

The bioflavonoid quercetin, found in apples, buckwheat, onions and citrus has a long history of being used for allergies.  It functions by stabilizing the cell membrane of mast cells, reducing the release of preformed histamine.  It also inhibits production of leukotrienes.

Quercetin is only effective if used preventatively – before allergy symptoms begin.  The action of quercetin is similar to cromolyn sodium, a pharmaceutical drug used daily to prevent allergy and asthma symptoms.  It should be started 2-3 weeks prior to your allergy season, or taken all year-round if you suffer from perennial allergies.  Due to poor absorption it is recommended to take quercetin with bromelain (a pineapple enzyme) or vitamin C.

Butterbur – Petasites hybridus

Butterbur is most often used to treat migraine headaches but can also be used for allergies due to its ability to reduce mucus production.  With short-term supplementation this herb has been found to be as effective as Zyrtec for hay fever with runny nose.  Butterbur has considerably fewer side effects than over-the-counter antihistamines and is non-sedating.  It should be taken only under supervision of a Naturopathic Doctor and only professional-grade supplements that are free of harmful pyrrolizidine alkolids should be used.

Stinging Nettle – Urtica dioica

Nettle has been used traditionally for centuries as an anti-allergy medicine.  Nettle extracts have been shown to inhibit production of inflammatory genes and is effective in decreasing allergic rhinitis (runny nose) symptoms.  Half of patients who tried it in one randomized, double-blind study said it equaled or surpassed over-the-counter medications in effectiveness.  Nettles can be taken as a tea, tincture or supplement – ask your ND which will be most effective for you.

Knowing what allergies are, how and why they happen gives us the knowledge to treat them safely and effectively.  Through diet and simple, safe and effective supplements you can minimize or eliminate allergic symptoms and learn how to enjoy Spring again!

Disclaimer

The advice provided in this article is for informational purposes only.  It is meant to augment and not replace consultation with a licensed health care provider.  Consultation with a Naturopathic Doctor or other primary care provider is recommended for anyone suffering from a health problem.

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When you think of a healthy, balanced diet you probably think of the Four Food Groups – whole grains, lean meats/ meat alternatives, fruits and vegetables, and healthy fats.  But a healthy diet should also include an abundance of the ‘fifth food group’ – spices!

Spices used in cooking are the original herbal medicines.  Many of the spices in our kitchen pantry have been used for hundreds, or thousands of years to enhance flavour – and to enhance health.

Spices have more antioxidant potential (ORAC score) by weight than fruits and vegetables.  Antioxidants are infinitely useful in the body – they prevent cancer, Alzheimer’s disease, heart disease, premature aging and chronic diseases.

Below are sixteen spices that can easily be incorporated into your diet to spice up your food, and your health.

Cardamom

A spice native to India, cardamom is a member of the ginger family.  Cardamom contains oils with “carminative” properties – they help to stimulate digestion and relieve flatulence.  Chewing a teaspoon of cardamom seeds after eating can relieve indigestion and decrease cramping and gas pains.

Cayenne Pepper

Cayenne is an excellent anti-inflammatory and also aids in digestion.  Research also has shown that capsaicin, found in cayenne peppers, can relieve pain from achy joints and sore muscles when applied directly to the painful area.  Cayenne pepper can also relieve the pain of cluster headaches when applied intra-nasally.

Cilantro

Cilantro is used extensively in Thai and Mexican cuisine.  Cilantro is effective at mobilizing heavy metals including mercury, cadmium, lead and aluminum.  It can be used during detoxification protocols, but should be used under supervision of a Naturopathic Doctor.

Cinnamon

Cinnamon is one of the richest sources of antioxidants.  It is a warming spice and can be used to relieve nausea and vomiting. Cinnamon is anti-inflammatory and has insulin-like qualities.  Recent research shows that ¼ teaspoon per day can lower blood sugar, cholesterol and triglyceride levels which make it beneficial for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and heart disease. Cinnamon is also anti-microbial and can stop the growth of bacteria, yeast and fungi.

Cloves

Cloves are the unopened buds of an evergreen tree.  Clove oil is traditionally used as a treatment for toothache and as a mouthwash because of it’s antibacterial effects.  As a spice clove is warming and can reduce congestion and stimulate healthy digestion.

Cumin

Cumin is one of the oldest culinary spices.  It is a member of the carrot family and has a similar appearance, fragrance and medicinal properties as caraway seed.  Cumin supports digestion by decreasing gas and bloating.  Additionally, cumin has been shown in studies to suppress the onset of colon cancer

Fennel

My favourite spice for the treatment of colic and gas in infants.  Fennel is also useful in supporting liver detoxification.  Brew a fennel tea and give a teaspoon to infants to support digestion and relief the pain and discomfort of colic or gas.

Garlic

Garlic is one of the most popular herbal medicines and is found in most kitchens as well.  Garlic is a potent antimicrobial and can be used during acute or chronic infections (such as ear infections, sore throat, coughs, colds and yeast infections).  Garlic can also reduce cholesterol and normalize high blood pressure.  Regular consumption of garlic can prevent cancer and it is currently being studied for its ability to destroy cancer cells and disrupt the metabolism and growth of tumours.

Ginger

Ginger is a common ingredient in Asian and Indian cooking as well as giving the flavour to Ginger Ale.  Ginger is high in antioxidants and can protect against aging and development of chronic disease.  Ginger is best used for decreasing indigestion, treating gas and abdominal spasms and managing nausea.  Ginger has been shown in multiple studies to be an effective treatment for nausea associated with motion sickness, pregnancy and hangovers.  Ginger tea is easily made by adding a few thin slices of ginger to hot water.

Nutmeg

Nutmeg is most often used during the holiday season, but can be used to relieve the joint inflammation associated with gout.  Toxic in large doses, nutmeg should not be used as an herbal medicine in children or pregnant women.

Oregano

Oregano has potent antibacterial properties.  Oregano is effective at destroying unfriendly intestinal bacteria without damage to the friendly bacteria.  Oregano is also effective at eliminating yeast (Candida albicans) overgrowth in the body, and particularly in the sinuses.

Rosemary

As with many other spices, rosemary helps increase blood flow to the digestive tract, supporting digestion and relieving gas.  As an oil, rosemary increases circulation and relieves muscle aches when applied directly to painful muscles.

Saffron

Notorious for being the world’s most expensive spice, saffron has been shown to be an effective treatment for mild to moderate depression.

Thyme

Thyme is antimicrobial and is useful for cough and colds.  Thyme can also reduce the pain of menstrual cramps and calm stomach cramping.  Applied topically to cuts and abrasions, thyme is an effective antiseptic preventing bacterial infection.

Turmeric

Turmeric is a traditional Indian spice and is best known in North America as the spice that gives mustard it’s characteristic yellow colour.  Turmeric is a powerful anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant.  It is used to treat arthritis, decreasing pain and joint inflammation.  Turmeric is useful for any inflammatory condition including inflammatory bowel disease, Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis, cystic fibrosis, heart disease and cancer.  Curcumin (a component of turmeric) may also be used in the prevention of Alzheimers by preventing plaque formation in the brain.  Research is currently being done to assess the ability of turmeric to prevent the spread (metastasis) of cancer.

Wasabi

The hot Asian spice commonly served with sushi has been shown in studies to kill Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) bacteria in the stomach.  This bacteria is associated with the development of ulcers.

Remember to replace your spices frequently.  The antioxidant and other medicinal compounds in spices deteriorate with age.  Keep spices in well sealed glass containers and replace after their best-before date or every 6 months.

Disclaimer

The advice provided in this article is for informational purposes only.  It is meant to augment and not replace consultation with a licensed health care provider.  Consultation with a Naturopathic Doctor or other primary care provider is recommended for anyone suffering from a health problem.

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HELD OVER.  Due to popular demand, we are offering a second FREE infant massage seminar on March 24th, 2012 at 3:00pm.  Join Sarah Barton, RMT at 360 Health Care to learn baby massage techniques and tricks.    Located at 360 King Street East in Toronto (King and Parliament).  Space is limited – call 416-360-1300 or email info@360healthcare.com to reserve your spot now.

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We all know that calcium is an essential mineral that is used by the body to build and maintain healthy bones and teeth.  But did you know that calcium is also used for blood clotting, nerve conduction, muscle contraction, regulation of enzymes and cell membrane function?  That is one useful mineral!

Figs are a vegan source of calcium

If we aren’t consuming enough calcium in our diet, our body will take the calcium it needs from our bones – leading to osteomalacia (softening of the bones) and, along with other factors, to osteoporosis.  If children don’t consume adequate calcium they will not have healthy bone mineralization which can lead to rickets and lifelong low bone mineral density.

Calcium and a vegan diet

One of the concerns people express when they learn I’m raising my children as vegetarians is “how are they getting calcium if they aren’t drinking milk?”.  It’s impressive how well the dairy industry has marketed milk as the only dietary source of calcium!  But there are many plant-based sources of calcium – and it’s not hard to reach your daily calcium needs by eating these common (and delicious!) foods – usually just 2-4 servings a day is more than enough.

Daily Recommended Allowance of Calcium 

40 Vegan Sources of Calcium

Vegetables (per cup)

Kale is a vegan source of calcium

Bok choy (cooked) – 330 mg
Kale – 180mg
Bean sprouts – 320 mg
Spinach (cooked) – 250 mg
Collard greens (cooked) – 260 mg
Mustard greens (cooked) – 100 mg
Turnip greens (cooked) – 200 mg
Swiss chard (cooked) – 100 mg
Seaweed (Wakame) – 120mg
Okra – 130 mg
Broccoli – 45 mg
Fennel – 45 mg
Artichoke – 55 mg
Celery – 40 mg
Leeks – 55 mg

Nuts, nut butters and seeds

Almonds (1/4 cup) – 95 mg
Brazil nuts (1/4 cup) – 55 mg
Hazelnuts (1/4 cup) – 55 mg
Almond butter (1 tbsp) – 43 mg
Sesame seeds (1 tbsp) – 63 mg
Tahini (1 tbsp) – 65 mg

Grains

Cereals (calcium fortified, ½ cup) – 250 to 500 mg
Amaranth (cooked, ½ cup) – 135 mg
Brown rice (cooked, 1 cup) – 50 mg
Quinoa (cooked, 1 cup) – 80 mg

Legumes and beans

Chickpeas (cooked, 1 cup) – 80 mg
Pinto beans (cooked, 1 cup) – 75 mg
Soy beans (cooked, 1 cup) – 200 mg
Tofu (soft or firm, 4 oz) – 120 – 400mg
Tempeh (1 cup) – 150 mg
Navy beans (1 cup) – 110 mg
White beans (cooked, 1 cup) – 140 mg

Fruit (per cup)

Figs (dried) – 300 mg
Apricots (dried) – 75mg
Kiwi – 60mg
Rhubarb (cooked) – 350 mg
Orange – 70 mg
Prunes – 75 mg
Blackberries – 40 mg

Miscellaneous

Blackstrap molasses (1 tbsp) – 135 mg

Disclaimer

The advice provided in this article is for informational purposes only.  It is meant to augment and not replace consultation with a licensed health care provider.  Consultation with a Naturopathic Doctor or other primary care provider is recommended for anyone suffering from a health problem.

References:

Health Canada.  Vitamin D and Calcium: Updated Dietary Reference Intakes. http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/fn-an/nutrition/vitamin/vita-d-eng.php.  Accessed January 31, 2012

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Eggs are a common food allergy

Food allergy testing is one of the tools Naturopathic Doctors use to assess health in our patients.  In Naturopathic Medicine our goal is to find the cause of symptoms of illness and disease.  In some people the cause is the food we eat, and a sensitivity or allergy to those foods.  In this article I will answer some of the most common questions people have regarding food allergy testing.

I would know if I had food allergies or intolerances, right?

Not necessarily.  Although you are likely to know if you have an anaphylactic allergy to peanuts or eggs, you may not know if you have a less severe food allergy or intolerance.

What are the symptoms of food allergies and intolerances?

Food allergies and sensitivities can have an incredibly wide range of symptoms including:

Almonds and other nuts can cause food allergies

How can food intolerances cause such a range of symptoms?

The majority of our immune system is found in our digestive tract.  When a food we have an allergy or intolerance to is eaten the immune system makes and releases powerful chemical agents – such as histamines, cytokines, lymphokines, and interferons.  These hormone-like substances dramatically influence our cellular physiology producing diverse effects on the digestive, endocrine, immune and nervous system.

Deficiencies in digestive enzymes (hydrochloric acid or pancreatic enzymes) are also significant contributors to food intolerances.  When proteins (the most common allergens) are not fully digested into individual amino acids, or smaller dipeptides, they retain their full allergic potential.  These incompletely digested proteins are more likely to cause a heightened immune response and a resulting allergic reaction.

What is the difference between a food allergy and a food intolerance?

True food allergies cause atopic hypersensitivity reactions including airway closure, thoat swelling, tongue swelling, hives and other severe symptoms leading to anaphylaxis and can be life-threatening.  They often begin during childhood and may be present for life.

Food intolerances or sensitivities do not often cause these severe symptoms but cause other non-specific or generalized symptoms (as outlined above).  Food intolerances are often the root cause of complex symptom pictures that are not readily diagnosed by conventional methods of testing.  Food intolerances can develop at any age and may or may not be present for life.

How are food allergies or intolerances tested for?

There are several methods of testing for food sensitivities/ intolerances.

 1.    Elimination Diet

Often the first method of determining the presence of food intolerances.  A hypoallergenic, anti-inflammatory diet is consumed for a set period of time (usually 6 weeks).  All the most common allergenic foods are eliminated and the patient self-monitors for improvements in symptoms.  Foods are re-introduced one at a time after the initial period of restriction.  If symptoms arise on reintroducing the food then a food intolerance is suspected.

Advantages: Promotes a general sense of well-being, high level of patient involvement in their health.

Disadvantages: Does not eliminate all potential sources of intolerance.  Requires compliance with a restricted diet for a period of time.  Can be expensive (the cost of egg-free, gluten-free, dairy-free, organic food adds up quickly).

2.    Electrodermal Food Allergy Testing

A machine is held by the patient and the electrical frequencies of food are tested against the body’s reaction to those foods (the brain interprets the electrical signal and elicits a skin resistance response which is read by the machine).

Advantages: Painless.  Children can be tested easily.   A clear outline of food intolerances and the severity of intolerances is given.  Foods do not have to have been consumed recently for valid results (although accuracy is increased if they have been consumed recently or are consumed frequently).

Disadvantages: Moderately expensive.  Some practitioners do not accept the validity of the testing method.  Test accuracy relies on technician proficiency.

Tomatoes and other nightshades are common allergies

 3.    IgG Food Allergy Testing

A finger-prick blood test is analyzed by a specialized laboratory to assess for IgG (immunoglobulin G – one of two antibodies produced during an allergic response). IgG antibodies are produced for several hours or days after exposure to an allergen (which is one of the reasons why some symptoms of allergy/intolerance don’t occur immediately after eating a food).

Advantages: Gives a clear outline of food intolerances and the severity of the intolerance.  Tests for a wide variety of commonly consumed foods.  Only a small amount of blood is required for the test and it can be done in office or at home.  Antihistamine use is permitted during the test.

Disadvantages: Can be expensive.  Food must be consumed within 3 weeks prior to the test for an accurate reading.  Immunosuppressant drugs (prednisone, chloroquine and azothioprine) must not be used during the testing.

In my Toronto clinic I use only the elimination diet and IgG food allergy blood test to assess for food allergies or sensitivities.  Clinically I have found these two tests to be the only measures of food allergy to accurately identify allergies and have a corresponding improvement in patient symptoms.

Why is this testing different than that provided by my MD or allergist?

Most severe, immediate allergy symptoms are a result of IgE (immunoglobulin E) – responsible for Type I hypersensitivity reactions in which a food antigen attaches to an IgE antibody and results in an immediate, and potentially life-threatening, hypersensitivity reaction.  Because of this many MDs have limited their testing to this class of immunoglobulins.

There is considerable evidence for IgE testing, but there is also abundant evidence that IgG (immunoglobulin G) is an important marker for allergy testing.  IgG and IgG-complexes are involved in 80% of all food allergy reactions.  IgG is involved in delayed immune responses which are more common in food intolerance.

How are food allergies treated?

Once the food allergies are identified successful treatment requires five essential components:

1. Avoidance of identified allergens/ intolerances
2. Rotation diet until sensitivity is decreased
3. Re-establishment of proper intestinal flora
4. Healing the damaged intestinal mucosa
5. Correction of underlying cause (e.g. maldigestion, insufficient enzymes)

Nutritional and botanical supplements are used to support the body as it repairs and regenerates damaged tissue.  Supplemental enzymes may be used short term to support digestion as the body works towards correcting imbalances.

Why should I have food allergy/ intolerance testing done?

Oranges and other citrus are common food allergens

If you have any of the symptoms listed above, or if you have symptoms that are persistent and unresponsive to treatment then you should consider having food allergy testing done.

One of the best reasons to have food allergy/ intolerance testing done is because you can cure the intolerance.  When you consume foods that you are intolerant to you are creating a state of inflammation (a product of immune system activation) in your digestive tract and other systems in your body.  When you take out the food intolerance, and give your body time and support to heal the damaged tissues in many cases (up to 80%) you can resume eating that food in moderate quantities.

How can I learn more about food allergy testing?

At 360 Health Care I offer Rocky Mountain Analytical’s IgG Food Allergy test.  They offer more information here.  You can also book a complimentary 15 minute consult with me to discuss whether or not food allergy testing would benefit your health.

Disclaimer

The advice provided in this article is for informational purposes only.  It is meant to augment and not replace consultation with a licensed health care provider.  Consultation with a Naturopathic Doctor or other primary care provider is recommended for anyone suffering from a health problem.

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Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) or “multiple ovarian cysts” affect many teenage girls and adult women.   PCOS often begins shortly after puberty and can persist for years.  It can be a frustrating, and sometimes painful condition.  It can also make becoming pregnant difficult.  However, there are natural treatment options available that are safe and effective even for teenaged girls.

What are ovarian cysts?

Ovarian cysts are formed when ovulation doesn’t occur as it is supposed to.  Within each ovary there are sacs called follicles that contain eggs.  Normally, one or more eggs are released during each menstrual cycle – this is ovulation.  In PCOS the eggs within the follicles do not mature and are not released from the ovaries.  Instead, they form small cysts in the ovary – ovarian cysts.

How do I know if I have PCOS?

Having ovarian cysts is not enough for a diagnosis of polycystic ovaries.  You also must have other symptoms of PCOS. Typically a combination of the following symptoms is present:

• Ovarian cysts
• No menstrual cycle, irregular or infrequent menstrual cycles
• No ovulation
• Infertility
• Hair growth on the upper lip or chin
• Hair loss from the head
• Acne
• Body fat around the waistline
• Dark skin under the armpits, neck, groin or breasts

 If you have symptoms of PCOS there are laboratory tests and ultrasound studies that should be done before a diagnosis of PCOS is made.

What causes PCOS?

PCOS is caused by hormonal imbalances.  An imbalance in a number of different hormones can lead to symptoms of polycystic ovarian syndrome.  Imbalances in the pituitary, ovaries, pancreatic and adrenal hormones have all been linked to PCOS.  Insulin resistance (a lack of responsiveness to insulin in the cells of your body) is an important factor in the development of PCOS.  Hormone testing should be done to identify your personal imbalances.

PCOS also has a genetic component – if a family member has it (your mother, aunt or grandmother) then you are more likely to develop it.

What treatments are available for PCOS?

With proper diagnosis and treatment, most PCOS symptoms can be effectively managed or eliminated.  The goals for PCOS treatment are to balance hormone levels, decrease insulin resistance and maintain a healthy body weight.

Most Medical Doctors will prescribe a daily birth control pill to manage PCOS.  This approach uses synthetic hormones to artificially ‘balance’ the body’s hormones.  Naturopathic Doctors use diet, vitamins, minerals, herbs and natural supplements to correct the body’s balance and teach it how to maintain balance without using drugs.

Diet and Lifestyle

Whole grains like flax are a source of fiber

Because of the association between being overweight and having PCOS it is important to achieve and maintain a healthy body weight.  Losing as little as 5% of body weight can correct insulin resistance and decrease elevated hormone levels (specifically testosterone).

Select foods that are low on the glycemic index and high in fiber to decrease insulin resistance.  Daily exercise is also important for insulin resistance.  A daily fiber supplement can help some people meet their daily fiber goals.  Look for a fiber made from psyllium, guar gum or pectin.

Consider taking an omega 3 supplement (either fish oil or flax seed oil) and avoid consuming saturated fats.  For more information on omega 3 fatty acids read the article here.

Vitamins and minerals

Vitamin B6 can help balance prolactin levels, which are often elevated in PCOS.  B vitamins are also necessary for dopamine synthesis and adrenal hormone production.

Chromium is necessary for proper blood sugar regulation.  Taking chromium increases the uptake of glucose into cells, decreasing insulin resistance.

Herbs (Botanicals)

Vitex agnus castus

Saw palmetto (Serenoa repens) is a very effective hormone balancer for PCOS.  Saw palmetto decreases the conversion of testosterone to its more biologically active form (dihydroxytestosterone or DHT).  This results in lower levels of circulating testosterone.  Saw palmetto is effective in addressing symptoms of acne, hair loss, and facial hair growth.

Chasteberry (Vitex agnus-castus) is another herb used for PCOS.  Chasteberry inhibits prolactin synthesis and raises progesterone levels restoring balance to two important hormones involved in the menstrual cycle.  Low progesterone levels are very common during puberty and are known to contribute to the formation of ovarian cysts.

Natural supplements

Additional natural supplements may be prescribed by your Naturopathic Doctor to address your individual imbalances.  One natural supplement that is often used for PCOS is inositol (d-chiro-inositol).  A deficiency of inositol is often seen in women with PCOS.  Inositol has many benefits for PCOS – it decreases insulin and insulin resistance, decreases testosterone levels and can help promote regular ovulation.

Summary

Natural treatment of PCOS takes a few months.  A minimum of three menstrual cycles is usually needed to allow for the hormones to become balanced.  Your Naturopathic Doctor will provide you with support and can modify your treatment plan as needed based on your symptoms.  Remember to inform your Naturopathic Doctor if you begin taking any prescription or over-the-counter medications during your treatment because there can be significant interactions between natural supplements and drugs.

Disclaimer

The advice provided in this article is for informational purposes only.  It is meant to augment and not replace consultation with a licensed health care provider.  Consultation with a Naturopathic Doctor or other primary care provider is recommended for anyone suffering from a health problem.

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Fever is a natural defence mechanism that our body uses to fight off viral and bacterial infections.  Increasing the body’s temperature allows our immune system to function optimally and makes it difficult for viruses and bacteria to replicate.

In an adult the level of fever generally corresponds to the severity of the illness causing it.  This is not necessarily the case in children.  In a newborn the body’s temperature control mechanisms are not yet well developed.  As a result signs other than fever (poor appetite, lethargy, irritability, nausea and vomiting) may be earlier indicators of an infection than fever.

Often the best treatment for a fever is NOT to decrease the fever (which is performing an important function in fighting off infection), but instead to optimize the fever with herbal diaphoretics.  Diaphoretics temporarily raise the body temperature, activate the immune system, encourage sweating (which then brings down body temperature), improve circulation, and minimize the symptoms of colds and influenza including sore muscles, chills, congestion, and sore throat.

Fever often leads to dehydration, which makes tea an especially effective treatment because it will not only help you to manage the fever but it will also supply much-needed hydration.

Very high fevers (generally above 103F/ 39.4^oC in an adult, above 102F/ 38.8^oC in a child, and above 101F/ 38.3^oC in an infant) should be treated with appropriate medications (such as children’s acetaminophen or ibuprofen) to decrease fever while using tea as a supportive treatment.  Do not give aspirin to a child with a fever.  Aspirin use in children with viral infections has been linked to development of a serious liver disease known as Reye’s syndrome.

In some cases a feverish child may experience a febrile seizure.  These occur in a very small percentage of children.  They do not appear to be related to the severity of the fever or to the rate at which the temperature rose.  About 50% of children to experience one febrile seizure will go on to have another one.  If your child has a febrile seizure ensure that you have your child examine by a doctor to rule out any underlying conditions or causes.

There are several herbal teas that can be used safely in children with a fever.  These herbs can also be used by adults.  Children should be dosed according to their age.  One teaspoon every 3-4 hours for children under one year of age, 2 teaspoons every 3-4 hours for children 1-2 years of age and children over 2 years of age can have 1/4 cup every 3-4 hours.  Adults can consume one cup every 3-4 hours.  

Tea for Fever

Remember – a fever is a sign that the immune system is working.  Hydration and herbal teas are often enough to help a child (or adult!) through the symptoms of a fever.  Always monitor the fever and use medications when necessary.  When in doubt, consult a Naturopathic Doctor or Medical Doctor for help.

Disclaimer

The advice provided in this article is for informational purposes only.  It is meant to augment and not replace consultation with a licensed health care provider.  Consultation with a Naturopathic Doctor or other primary care provider is recommended for anyone suffering from a health problem.

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I’ve said it before, and I’ll say it again – every pregnancy is different.  And so too is the post-natal period, or months following the delivery of your baby.  My son was born at the end of September and in the weeks since then I’ve developed a troubling new symptom – biliary colic or “gallstone attacks”.

What is the gallbladder?

The gallbladder is a small pear-shaped organ that sits next to the liver.  It’s main function is to store and concentrate the bile that is produced in the liver.  When fat is consumed in the diet the gallbladder contracts to release bile back into the digestive tract for fat digestion.

What are gallstones?

Gallstones are accumulations of crystals that join together to form stones.  The stones can be composed of cholesterol (the most common), calcium salts, bilirubin or other bile pigments.  They can vary in size from very small (grains of sand or gravel) to as large as a golf ball.  A person can have gallstones and never know they are there.  Other people develop symptoms known as biliary colic or cholecystitis (inflammation of the gallbladder).

Gallstones are more common in women, people who are overweight, over 40 years of age, during pregnancy, after sudden weight loss or in people who consume a high-fat, high-sugar, low-fiber diet.

What are the symptoms of biliary colic or cholecystitis?

The symptoms of gallstone attacks vary but typically include some or all of the following:

• Abdominal pain (often right sided)
• Back pain or shoulder pain (often right sided)
• Nausea and vomiting
• Pain that begins after consuming a fatty meal
• Pain that gets steadily worse
• Pain lasting from 30 minutes to several hours
• No symptoms between attacks
• Fever (can indicate serious blockage – see a doctor immediately)

The best way to determine if you do have gallstones is with an abdominal ultrasound.

What is the recommended diet for people with gallstones?

Certain foods are better tolerated by people with gallstones.  In general a low-fat, high vegetable and fruit diet is the best for managing symptoms of gallstones.  A vegetarian diet is associated with a low incidence of gallstones.

Foods that are recommended for people with gallstones:

• Beets (very good for supporting the liver and gallbladder)
• Cucumber
• Green beans
• Sweet potatoes
• Avocado
• Artichoke
• Tomatoes and tomato sauce
• Okra
• Cold water fish (salmon, trout, herring, mackerel) and fish oils
• Grapes and organic grape juice
• Apples and organic apple juice
• Apricots
• Blue and blackberries
• Currants
• Figs
• Guava
• Lemons
• Pears
• Papaya
• Prunes
• Coconut
• Flax seed oil
• Vinegar
• Vegetable juices
• Garlic
• Ginger
• Turmeric
• Onions (may aggravate sensitive individuals)
• WATER – incredibly important.  Drink 2 liters per day.
• Peppermint tea
• Herbal teas

Foods that should be avoided:

• Deep fried foods
• Eggs (cause symptoms in up to 95% of patients)
• Pork
• Turkey
• Chicken
• Beef
• Nuts
• Legumes
• Dairy (milk, butter, cheese, cream, ice cream)
• Gluten grains (wheat, barley, spelt, rye, kamut)
• Corn
• Coffee (can decrease the risk of developing gallstones, but can aggravate existing gallstones)
• Black tea
• Oranges, grapefruit
• Margarine
• Chocolate
• Alcohol
• Cabbage
• Cauliflower
• Carbonated beverages
• Food allergens

In addition to avoiding these foods you should also avoid large meals, especially late in the evening.  Eat several smaller meals throughout the day and focus on consuming greater amounts of fruit and vegetables.  Once you are symptom free and ready to re-introduce dairy and meat products, select low fat options.

While weight loss is often desirable for people with gallstones it is important not to lose weight too quickly – this can lead to a gallbladder crisis.  Instead focus on slow, steady weight loss and regular aerobic exercise (which also supports gallbladder health).

Are there naturopathic treatments for gallstones?

Yes.  In addition to a healthy diet there are several supplements that can support the function of the gallbladder and decrease symptoms of gallstones.

Omega 3 fish oils – Fish oils reduce the formation of gallstones by enhancing bile flow and blocking cholesterol formation in the bile.  A combined EPA-DHA fish oil supplement should be taken by anyone with gallstones, or risk factors for the development of gallstones.

Increase dietary fiber – Diets high in water-soluble fiber (from fruits, vegetables, oat bran and guar gum) decrease cholesterol levels – a primary goal of gallstone treatment.  A good source of fiber is to mix 1 tablespoon of ground flaxseed into one serving (8oz or ½ cup) of organic applesauce and consume daily.

Vitamin C – Low levels are associated with the development of gallstones.

Lecithin - a phospholipid that reduces the saturation of cholesterol in bile that leads to stone formation.  Oral supplementation results in higher concentrations of lecithin in the bile.  This results in improved bile flow.

Enteric-coated peppermint oil – peppermint has been shown to have ‘anti-lithic’ activities.  It may be able to breakup small stones, but is unlikely to dissolve large stones.  Peppermint also has anti-spasmodic effects and can help manage the pain of gallstone attacks.  Non-enteric-coated forms can cause heartburn and should be avoided.

Other botanicals with liver and gallbladder specific actions can be used in some individuals.  These include dandelion root, milk thistle, artichoke, curcumin, celandine, wild yam, blackroot, boldo, and others.

Another popular natural remedy for gallstones is the “Olive Oil Flush”.  Stories abound of individuals passing large gallstones after following this protocol.  Studies examining these ‘stones’ have demonstrated them to be saponified olive oil and not gallstones.  Olive oil flushes are NOT recommended for individuals with gallstones as they can lead to a complete blockage of the bile ducts and result in the need for surgery.

As with any serious health concern, it is recommended that you contact a qualified Naturopathic Doctor who can individualize your plan to meet your specific needs.

Disclaimer

The advice provided in this article is for informational purposes only.  It is meant to augment and not replace consultation with a licensed health care provider.  Consultation with a Naturopathic Doctor or other primary care provider is recommended for anyone suffering from a health problem.

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Essential fatty acids are just that – essential.  Our body can produce most of the fats it needs (such as cholesterol, saturated and unsaturated fatty acids), however it can not produce omega-3 or omega-6 fatty acids.  This makes them essential to consume in our diet.

Omega-6 fatty acids are found in the oils of seeds and grains, such as sunflower, safflower, soy and corn oils.   The average North American tends to consume adequate amounts of omega-6 fatty acids through their diet.

Omega-3 fatty acids are found in fish and fish oils, flax, walnuts and canola.  Omega-3 fatty acids have been shown in over 8000 studies to be important for human health and nutrition.  Omega-3s have a role in every stage of development from pregnancy and infancy through to elder adulthood.   The average North American diet does not provide adequate amounts of omega-3 fatty acids and most people would benefit from an omega-3 supplement.

The ABCs of EFAs

The language of essential fatty acids (also known as EFAs) can be confusing.  Knowing the basic ‘ABCs’ of the EFAs can simplify things and make selecting a supplement much easier.

ALA – alpha-linolenic acid.  An omega-3 fatty acid found in flax, walnuts and canola oil.  The other omega-3s (EPA and DHA) can be synthesized from this molecule.  The primary source of omega-3s for vegans.

DHA – docosahexaenoic acid.  An omega-3 fatty acid.  The richest source is fish and fish oil.  Especially important for the central nervous system, brain and eye.  Has anti-inflammatory effects in the body.

EPA – eicosapentaenoic acid.  An omega-3 fatty acid.  The richest source is fish and fish oil.  Important for mood and behaviour as well as anti-inflammatory effects.

GLA – gamma-linolenic acid.  An omega-6 fatty acid.  The richest sources are evening primrose oil, borage oil, and black currant oil.

LA – linoleic acid.  An omega-6 fatty acid.  Found in the oils of seeds and grains such as sunflower, safflower, soy and corn.   The other omega-6 fatty acids can be synthesized from this molecule.

Balancing 3s and 6s

In the body omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids (ALA and LA) compete for the same enzymes to be converted into the health promoting long-chain omega 3s and 6s (DHA, EPA and GLA).  This is significant because the substances derived from the omega 3 fatty acids, EPA and DHA have opposite effects to the omega 6 derived substances.  EPA and DHA lead to eicosanoids that are anti-inflammatory, while the eicosanoids derived from GLA are pro-inflammatory.

High intake of dietary omega 6s can be detrimental to health by blocking enzyme conversion of the omega-3s to their active EPA and DHA form.  Maintaining an optimal ratio of omega-3s and omega-6s is essential for health.

The standard North American diet has a ratio of 20:1 omega-6s to omega-3s.  An ideal ratio is closer to 1:1 or 2:1.  Excess omega-6s have been implicated in thrombosis, vasoconstriction, inflammation, heart disease, autoimmune disease, rheumatoid arthritis, ulcerative colitis, multiple sclerosis, lupus, asthma, depression, and other chronic diseases.

Due to this imbalance in omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids most people do not require an omega-6 supplement but could benefit from an omega-3 supplement to correct the essential fatty acid ratio.

The Benefits of Omega-3s

Higher intake of omega-3 fatty acids have numerous benefits and no disadvantages.  There are so many benefits of omega-3s that it is easiest to break down the benefits by system.   Unless otherwise indicated both EPA and DHA are recommended to achieve the listed benefit.

General Health

• Improved mood and memory
• Healthy metabolism
• Bone strength
• Healthy skin
• Decreased inflammation
• Better management of pain associated with arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis and back pain

Cardiovascular Health

• Reduced triglycerides
• Reduced blood pressure
• Decrease inflammation in the heart and blood vessels
• Decreased risk of angina, heart attack and stroke

Cognitive Health

DHA is important for development of the brain and nervous system in infants, and in the repair and protection of the nervous system from age-related damage.  DHA plays an important role in:

• Development of fetal nervous system in utero
• Improved cognitive function in infants, toddlers and children
• Preventing dementia and Alzheimer’s in the elderly
• Improving cognitive performance in the elderly

EPA (combined with DHA) has the greatest benefit for conditions of altered mood and behaviour including:

• ADHD
• Depression
• Bipolar disorder
• Schizophrenia

Pregnancy, Infancy and Breast Feeding

DHA is necessary for the proper development and functioning of the nervous system, brain, and eyes.  The fetus is dependent on the mother for DHA intake – which must be high enough to meet both the requirements of the fetus and the mother.  Improved DHA levels in mothers and their breast milk is associated with:

• Improved fertility
• Decreased risk of premature birth
• Decreased risk of post-partum depression
• Improved attention, focus, learning, intelligence and behaviour in children
• Decreased risk of allergies in children
• Improved immune development
• Improved visual acuity
  

  

Eye Health

• Decreased dryness
• Decreased redness
• Improved tear production
• Decreased risk of age-related macular degeneration
• Decreased risk of cataracts
• Protection against age-related damage to the eyes

Essential Fatty Acid Supplements

For most people, the preferred form of essential fatty acid supplement is a fish oil supplement.  Vegans may use flax oil as an alternative, but will require higher doses because the conversion to EPA and DHA in the body is inefficient.

Select a fish oil supplement that is:

• Made from small cold water fish (such as sardines and anchovies) or cod liver.
• Fresh.  Fish oil can go rancid and should not be used beyond the listed best before date.
• Adheres to high production standards and performs third-party testing for peroxide, heavy metals, dioxins, polychlorinated biphenyl (PCBs) and other contaminants.
• Is sustainably harvested.  This means the fish used are not endangered, are not from overfished waters and 100% of fish that are harvested are used for human or animal consumption.

Fish oil doses are dependent on the levels of EPA and DHA and should be individualized according to your individual health requirements.  Speak to a Naturopathic Doctor to determine your ideal EPA and DHA ratio and dosage.  A basic maintenance dose for someone with no major health issues is approximately 500mg EPA and DHA daily.

Disclaimer

The advice provided in this article is for informational purposes only.  It is meant to augment and not replace consultation with a licensed health care provider.  Consultation with a Naturopathic Doctor or other primary care provider is recommended for anyone suffering from a health problem.

Selected References

Calder PC.  n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, inflammation, and inflammatory diseases.  Am J Clin Nutr 2006;83:1505S-1519S.

Deckelbaum RJ, Leaf A, Mozaffarian D, et al.  Conclusions and recommendations from the symposium, Beyond Cholesterol: Prevention and Treatment of Coronary Heart Disease with n-3 Fatty Acids.  Am J Clin Nutr 2008;87:2010S-2012S.

Freeman MP, Hibbeln JR, Wisner KL, et al.  Omega-3 fatty acids: evidence basis for treatment and future research in psychiatry.  J Clin Psychiatry 2006;67:1954-1967.

Goldberg RJ, Katz J.  A meta-analysis of the analgesic effects of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation for inflammatory joint pain.  Pain 2007;129:210-223.

Helland IB, Smith L, Saarem K, et al.  Maternal supplementation with very-long-chain n-3 fatty acids during pregnancy and lactation augments children’s IQ at 4 years of age. Pediatrics 2003;111:e39-44.

Helland IB, Smith L, Blomen B, et al.  Effect of supplementing pregnant and lactating mothers with n-3 very-long-chain fatty acids on children’s IQ and body mass index at 7 years of age.  Pediatrics 2008;122:472-479.

Howe PR.  Dietary fats and hypertension: focus on fish oil.  Ann NY Acad Sci 1997;827:339-352.

Kris-Etherton PM, Harris WS, Appel LJ; American Heart Association.  Nutrition Committee.  Fish consumption, fish oil, omega-3 fatty acids, and cardiovascular disease.  Circulation 2002;106:2747-2757.

Saldeen P, Saldeen T.  Women and Omega-3 Fatty Acids.  Obstet Gynecol Surv 2004;59:722-730.

Simopoulos AP.  The importance of the omega-6/omega-3 fatty acid ratio in cardiovascular disease and other chronic diseases.  Exp Biol Med 2008;233:674-688.

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Obviously my favourite use for tea is as a delicious health-promoting beverage, but I love finding new ways to incorporate tea into my life.  I scoured the internet to find other uses for tea – either loose tea leaves, new or used tea bags.  I was amazed at the versatility of tea – just another reason to love it!

Around the house

1. Deodorize fridges: Place loose black tea leaves or used tea bags in the fridge to absorb odours.

2. Spice up your lingerie: Place loose herbal tea leaves in a muslin bag (or use a new tea bag – try chai or another spicy blend) and place in your lingerie drawer to add a subtle spice to your unmentionables.

3. Clear out kitty litter odours: Used tea leaves can help deodorize kitty litter boxes.  Dry out used green tea leaves and mix into the litter.

4. Clean carpets: Sprinkle dry, used green tea, mint, vanilla or spiced tea leaves onto dirty or musty carpets.  Leave in place for 10-15 minutes, then vacuum up.  Mint and other herbal teas leave a nice fresh scent without the chemical residue of carpet cleaners.

5. Clean surfaces: A number of different surfaces can be cleaned with tea.  Mirrors, windows and white boards are easily cleaned with a cool tea solution (or simply wipe the surface with a cool, wet green tea bag).

6. Polish wood furniture: Brewed black or green tea (both have a high tannin content) can help clean and shine wood furniture.  Dip a soft cloth in a small amount of cooled brewed tea (freshly brewed and cooled tea works best) and use to wipe down tables, chairs and other wood furniture.

7. Tenderize meat: A great substitute for meat tenderizer, place 4 tablespoons of black tea leaves in 3 cups of warm water and steep for 5 minutes.  Strain the leaves and place meat in tea solution before cooking.  Works best for pot roast or other oven-baked meat.

8. Flavour foods: Place tea in an infuser and drop in rice while cooking for tea-infused flavour (try making a chai-spice brown rice then using it to make a decadent oven-baked rice pudding!)

Body Care

9. Soothe tired eyes: Place brewed chamomile, black or green tea bags (let them cool until they are warm, but not hot to the touch) over tired eyes for 5-15 minutes. This can reduce puffiness and hydrate the skin around the eyes.

10. Soothe pain of pinkeye: Pinkeye (conjunctivitis) can be quite painful.  Use a warm, wet tea bag (try chamomile, Rooibos, green or black tea) as a compress to soothe the itching and pain of pinkeye.

11. Soothe a sunburn: If you don’t have any aloe around, you can use wet tea bags to soothe sunburn and other minor burns.  Be sure to cool the teabag before applying it to burnt skin.  If you are burnt all over, take a bath in tea infused water.

12. Soothe razor burn: Apply a warm wet black or green tea bag to skin irritated by razor burn.  The tea will soothe the irritation and calm the redness.

13. Soothe a lost tooth: When your child looses a tooth, soak a tea bag in cool water and place it on the site to stop bleeding and reduce the pain.  (Decaffeinated black tea bags or peppermint tea are a good choice if doing this for a child!)

14. Condition dry hair: If you have dry hair, try a tea rinse.  Brew a strong black or green tea, apply to hair and allow to dry.  Rinse with water once hair is dry.  Will leave hair softer and with more shine.

15. Cleanse face and body: Tea is a rich source of antioxidants and some people claim that it can be used to protect and beautify the skin.  Instead of using water, consider washing your face with green tea (said to help clear acne) or taking a bath in green tea infused water.

16. Resolve foot odour: Soak your feet in strong tea for 20 minutes daily to reduce foot odour.  A mixture of black and peppermint teas is particularly effective for this purpose – the tannins in the black tea will decrease sweating and eliminate odour causing bacteria, while the peppermint is cooling, refreshing and adds a pleasant fragrance.

17. Dry poison ivy rash: A strongly brewed black tea can be used to help dry a weepy poison ivy rash.  Simply dip a cotton ball into the tea, dab it onto the rash and allow to air-dry.  Repeat as needed.

Garden

18. Fertilize roses: Roses appreciate the acidic nature of tea (especially the tannic acid).  Spread used black or green tea leaves around rosebushes, then add mulch and water.

19. Feed houseplants: Use cold brewed tea once per week instead of water to feed ferns and other houseplants that thrive in an acidic soil (most plants that bloom).  See here for a list of acid-loving houseplants.

20. Encourage compost: Add strong tea to a compost bin (also put your used tea leaves in the compost!) to speed up the decomposition process and encourage the growth of friendly bacteria.

Other

21. Freshen up your car: Place loose lavender, chamomile or other soothing herbal teas in a bag under the seat to fight odours (and fight road rage!)

22. Dye paper and fabrics: Green and black teas can be used to dye fabric and paper to give it an antique appearance.

23. Paint with tea: Experiment with tea as paint or to accent black and white sketches for a weathered look.

24. Tell the future: Reading tea leaves is an ancient art that can be entertaining and enlightening.  Join Sax Francisco monthly at Steeped and Infused for the very popular Tea Reading Workshops.

25. Improve sleep: Make a tea leaf pillow.  Use dry loose tea leaves (brewed or unbrewed) and fill a small pillow for your bed.  Traditional Chinese Medicine practitioners suggest using green tea so that you will wake ‘clear headed and fast thinking’.  Herbalists suggest using chamomile, lavender, or passionflower to calm the mind and relax the body for a more restful sleep.

.

Disclaimer

The advice provided in this article is for informational purposes only.  It is meant to augment and not replace consultation with a licensed health care provider.  Consultation with a Naturopathic Doctor or other primary care provider is recommended for anyone suffering from a health problem.

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