Drilling Technology

Packing Unit Replacement Screwed Head WellControl

Tue, 21 Feb 2012 21:38:06 GMT

The following steps are required to remove the packing unit. 7 Clean and lubricate BOP head and body threads 8 Replace head and tighten to align for lock screw 9 Install lock screw and torque to 100 ft lbs

Psistroke FormulasCalculations

Sun, 19 Feb 2012 06:49:12 GMT

ICP psi FCP_psi - strokes to bit_ _psi stk Example Use the following data and fill out a kill sheet Example Use the following data and fill out a kill sheet drill pipe 5.0 in. 19.5 lb ft capacity drill collars 8.0 in. OD 3.0 in. ID Mud pump 7 in. x 12 in. triplex 95 eff.

Von Mises Stress Oil Well Drilling

Thu, 16 Feb 2012 10:03:42 GMT

2 V2 Sa - Sr 2 St - Sr 2 Sa - St 2 6 Tt2 Tr2 Tz2 V von Mises stress or general stress psi Sa axial stress in the wall of the drillpipe psi Sr radial stress in the wall of the drillpipe psi Sj. tangential stress in the wall of Tt tangential shear stress normal to the longitudinal axis of the drillpipe psi Tr radial shear stress normal to the longitudinal axis of the drillpipe psi Tz axial shear stress parallel to the radial axis of the drillpipe psi The formula for computing the external...

Gas Migration WellControl

Wed, 15 Feb 2012 15:50:59 GMT

If a gas kick enters a well, the pressure of gas at that point is formation pressure PF , ignoring any skin damage effects . Gases are compressible and thus store energy for later release. Considerable energy can be stored in this way. Liquids, in contrast, are virtually incompressible, and because little or no change in volume occurs little energy can be stored. This characteristic of gas means that when a well is shut in with a gas kick, the gas in the well retains the prevailing pressure at...

Collection of data DrillingOperations

Wed, 15 Feb 2012 10:35:42 GMT

Most of the decisions during well planning are based on formation pore pressure. It is imperative, therefore, that pore pressures be known or estimated as accurately as possible. The two sources of well pressure data for well planning are geophysical geological data and offset well data. Offset wells provide more accurate data, however, in the case of rank wildcats or wells in new areas, there will be no offset well data available. This means that pore pressure prediction will be done by...

Introduction DrillingFluids

Fri, 10 Feb 2012 18:47:19 GMT

Fallacious arguments persist that drilled solids are beneficial. Drilled solids are evil and insidious. Increases in drilled-solids concentrations generally do not immediately reveal their economic impact. Their detrimental effects are generally not immediately obvious on a drilling rig so skeptics fail to believe that drilled solids foster the havoc that they truly do. The secret to drilling safely, fast, and under budget is to remove drilled solids. Drilled solids increase drilling costs,...

Offshore Mobile Drilling Units OffshoreDrilling

Wed, 08 Feb 2012 13:47:54 GMT

Offshore mobile drilling units as we know them today are sophisticated pieces of machinery. However, this was not always the case. The original units were simply land rigs taken into shallow waters and placed on a structure for drilling. The same drilling techniques that had been developed on land were used on the first offshore rigs. These techniques worked for some time, but the need to drill in deeper waters created a new type of engineer the offshore structural design engineer. And along...

Scintillation Detectors DirectionalDrilling

Wed, 08 Feb 2012 02:39:03 GMT

Detection of gamma rays using Scintillators represents a significant improvement over both the efficiency and spectral deficiencies of G-M tubes. The most common scintillation detector, and the one used in MLW LWD sensors, is the sodium iodide NaI crystal. Again, the detection occurs as the gamma ray interacts with the electrons in the NaI crystal, either through Compton scattering or the photoelectric event. However, the effective volume of the detector is that of the crystal to be compared...

Well Control From A Floating Rig WellControl

Tue, 07 Feb 2012 01:46:15 GMT

Well Control on a floating rig can present special problems that are not encountered on land or fixed bottom rigs. These problems can be summarised as follows. Kick Detection can be more difficult due to the motion of the vessel. Mud surges in a flow line or fluid movement in mud pits can make the detection of small inflows into the well very difficult to detect. Fracture Gradients. Fracture gradients are a function of overburden and formation fluid pressures. As water depth increases the...

Arctic Casing Packs DrillingFluids

Mon, 06 Feb 2012 22:14:30 GMT

Casing packs perform a special function in arctic areas. They are applied between strings of casing which penetrate the permafrost layer in these areas. They have an added function of reducing the heat flow from the well to the surrounding environment. Arctic packs are highly gelled to limit the formation of convection currents which increase heat transfer. They should also be non-freezing, which effectively limits them to being oil-based fluids. The freezing restriction is necessary to protect...

Well Site Reports DrillingProcedures

Mon, 06 Feb 2012 15:19:18 GMT

It is vitally important that the operation process is fully recorded and documented in a consistent format, therefore, standard feed-back or report forms with relevant filling instructions for ensuring a consistent and homogeneous method will be used in technical data reporting of world wide activities. It will be the responsibility of the ENI-AGIP and Affiliates Drilling And Completion Supervisor to ensure the correct filling in and forwarding of the appropriate forms reports to the Company...

Waste Management and Disposal DrillingFluids

Sun, 05 Feb 2012 16:26:08 GMT

The drilling-fluid program should address environmental issues concerned with the discharge of drilling fluid, products, and removed solids. Personnel managing the solids-separation equipment must be very familiar with this part of the drilling-fluid program and have a good understanding of governmental regulations and operator requirements. Many drilling operations have strategies in place for drilling-fluid recovery and will have established some general guidelines for the disposal of...

Azimuth DrillingEngineering

Fri, 03 Feb 2012 20:53:09 GMT

In the azimuth system, directions are expressed as a clockwise angle from 0 to 359.99 , with North being 0 . Figure 5-12 The Azimuth System Quadrant Bearings Figure 5-12 The Azimuth System Quadrant Bearings In the quadrant system Figure 5-13 , the directions are expressed as angles from 0 -90 measured from North in the two Northern quadrants and from South in the Southern quadrants. The diagram in Figure 5-14 illustrates how to convert from the quadrant system to azimuth, and vice versa. Figure...

Diverter Procedure While Drilling WellControl

Thu, 02 Feb 2012 13:08:07 GMT

1 When a possible indication is observed, STOP the rotary, pick up until spaced out. 2 Shut down pumps and check for flow. If positive 3 OPEN diverter line valves- check that flow will be diverted to downwind side of rig. 5 CLOSE diverter annular BOP. 6 Start pumps ideally to pump water at maximum possible rate, for lubrication. NOTE On many rigs, there is a mechanical interconnection to prevent the diverter annular closing, until the diverter line valves are opened. This is to prevent an...

D Prespud preparations DrillingOperations

Thu, 02 Feb 2012 05:12:34 GMT

D.l All potential offshore locations will have the following surveys carried out sea bed survey shallow seismic survey soil sample coring tidal flow currents weather prediction sea state prediction D.2 When operating a floating rig in a new area, or under new conditions, a full riser and mooring analysis will be carried out. D.3 On residential land sites, sleeping cabins will be placed upwind of the wellbore at a minimum distance of 200 m for normal wells and 300 m for wells where HjS is...

Plug Flow Cementation Oil Well Drilling

Thu, 02 Feb 2012 03:15:26 GMT

The plug flow technique is very efficient but it is limited to cementations of small volumes and where the mud in the hole is of low density. The technique calls for Reynolds numbers of 100 or less, no cement slurry retarders or thinners, and for the cement to be in contact with the mud no spacer . It can be demonstrated in laboratory experiments that a thickened plug or ball of flocculated cement and mud is formed in the annulus which when aided by buoyancy pushes the mud from the hole.

Baker Hughes INTEQ DrillingEngineering

Tue, 31 Jan 2012 18:16:40 GMT

The relationship between True North and Grid North is indicated by the angles 'a' in Figure 5-9. Convergence is the angle difference between grid north and true north for the location being considered. Figure 5-9 Relationship between True North and Grid North Figure 5-9 Relationship between True North and Grid North The reference meridians are 6 degrees apart, starting at the Greenwich meridian, which means the world is divided into 60 zones. The zones are numbered 0 to 60 with zone 31 having...

Example Acq DrillingEngineering

Sat, 28 Jan 2012 15:33:43 GMT

In the illustration in Fig. 4-9, what is the effective fracture gradient at the casing seat 1. Convert the water depth to an equivalent section of formation 1,000 ft X 0.465 psi ft 465 psi Fig. 4-7 Graphical determination of fracture gradients using the Eaton approach Courtesy of Adams and Rountree Technology, Inc. 0.45 0.50 055 0.60 0.65 0.70 0.75 0.80 Fracture gradient, ps fl subsea 0.45 0.50 055 0.60 0.65 0.70 0.75 0.80 Fracture gradient, ps fl subsea Fig. 4-8 Offshore fracture gradients as...

Gtotal Btotal DirectionalDrilling

Tue, 24 Jan 2012 19:20:21 GMT

As a general guideline, MDIP should not vary by more than - 0.3 degrees from the local magnetic dip angle or from survey to survey during a bit run. The local magnetic dip angle is determined by using magnetic modeling software or directly measuring it through infield referencing. Surveys which do not conform to this guideline should alert the field engineer that some magnetic interference or pipe movement is probable, or that there was a hardware failure. MDIP may also change abruptly from bit...

HDD Technology and Equipment Horizontal Directional Drilling

Mon, 23 Jan 2012 22:42:57 GMT

A basic horizontal-directional drill-rig is illustrated in Figure 3-1. Horizontal directional drilling is accomplished using a drill rig. It services a bottom-hole assembly BHA that is responsible for creating a curved bore hole. The BHA consists of a drilling tool that is capable of creating a curved bore hole and a guidance system that locates the bore hole and directs changes in the trajectory. There is a variety of HDD rigs currently in use. Table 1-3 lists the three general categories of...

Concepts of Petroleum Geology and Basic Rock Properties PetroleumEngineering

Mon, 23 Jan 2012 20:22:57 GMT

Petroleum is not found in underground lakes or rivers, but it exists within the void space of certain rocks. Unfortunately, these oil-bearing rocks are a definite minority, and the determination of their whereabouts is the basic problem confronting geologists and geophysicists. The mechanism of the origin and accumulation of petroleum is not completely understood and is the subject of much controversy. However, a great deal has been learned about the habitat of oil and gas, i.e., the nature of...

Shear Rate RPM DrillingFluids

Mon, 23 Jan 2012 02:27:23 GMT

Plastic Viscosity PV - Drilling muds are usually composed of a continuous fluid phase in which solids are dispersed. Plastic viscosity is that part of the resistance to flow caused by mechanical friction. The friction is caused by Viscosity of the fluid phase. For practical field applications, plastic viscosity is regarded as a guide to solids control. Plastic viscosity increases if the volume percent of solids increases, or if the volume percent remains constant, and the size of the particle...

API RPlb TB TG GSB Db Drilling Risers Systems

Fri, 20 Jan 2012 23:56:50 GMT

at the riser connector, allowing the riser tensioners to lift the riser clear of the stack. After disconnect, the vessel should be moved off the well location and guidelines slackened to prevent the heaving riser and LMRP from striking the BOP. If conditions permit, the riser and LMRP can be retrieved and stored on the vessel. Otherwise the riser should be raised as high as possible and hung off. 4.4.4.2 Emergency. Each rig should be equipped with written emergency disconnect procedures which...

Ice Drilling and Coring ExtremeEnvironments

Wed, 18 Jan 2012 20:50:54 GMT

Charles R. Bentley, Bruce R. Koci, LaurentJ.-M. Augustin, Robin J. Bolsey, James A. Green, Jay D. Kyne, Donald A. Lebar, William P. Mason, Alexander J. Shturmakov, Hermann F. Engelhardt, William D. Harrison, Michael H. Hecht, and Victor Zagorodnov 4.2.1 Surface-Driven Rotary Drills 224 4.2.3 Cable-Suspended Electromechanical Drills 226 4.2.4 Cable-Suspended Electrothermal Drills 248 4.2.6 Koci Drill for Debris-Laden Ice 259 4.3.1 Hot-Water Drilling Systems 262 4.3.5 Electrochaude 284 4.3.6...

Constant Bhp Kill Methods WellControl

Wed, 18 Jan 2012 13:08:00 GMT

There are three 'constant bottom-hole pressure' kill methods in common use today which are Wait amp Weight Method also known as the 'Engineer's Method' These three techniques are very similar in principle, and differ only in respect of when kill mud is pumped down. In the Driller's method, the kill is split into two circulations. During the first, the kick fluid is circulated without changing the mud weight once the kick is out, the mud is weighted up and pumped around the well on the second...

I I 1 PetroleumEngineering

Wed, 18 Jan 2012 03:42:16 GMT

3. Aromatics benzene series having the general formula C H2 _6. These compounds are chemically active and contain the benzene ring. The simplest member is In addition to hydrocarbons, petroleum may contain numerous impurities such as carbon dioxide C02 , hydrogen sulfide H2S , and other complex compounds of nitrogen, sulphur, and oxygen. When it is considered that any particular crude oil may contain a portion of each of the listed hydrocarbon series plus numerous impurities, and that its...

Tapered Spindle Grinder Milling Grinding Drilling

Tue, 17 Jan 2012 03:32:50 GMT

For shallow and small diameter holes up to 6 inches in depth, use the tapered spindle internal grinder. Tapers may also be ground on the work by using either the taper attachment or the compound rest. See Figure 9-40. The deep-hole grinder with the extended housing offers a rigid precision grinder for holes as deep as 18 inches. Tapers may also be ground with the deep-hole grinder. See Figure 941. The Versa-Mil external grinder with the wheel guard removed may be used for internal grinding of...

Stability and Moving OffshoreDrilling

Fri, 13 Jan 2012 21:55:49 GMT

Stability is simply the ability of a rig to remain afloat. The subject of stability is further divided under the two headings of a Intact Stability and b Damaged Stability. For every rig, the designer or builder should furnish the rig owner with a Stability Booklet which, at a very minimum, should contain a Hydrostatic Properties , b Cross Curves of Stability, c Statical Stability Curves, and d Dynamic Stability Curves, Items c and d should be sufficient to cover the normal operating range of...

Chapter Footnotes 1 Horizontal Directional Drilling

Fri, 13 Jan 2012 21:40:31 GMT

1 Geotechnical Engineers Handbook, Robert W. Day, McGraw-Hill, 2000 2 Horizontal Directional Drilling, Good Practices Guidelines, HDD Consortium, May 2001 3 J. D. Hair amp Associates, Louis J. Capozzoli amp Associates, and Stress Engineering Services 1995 . Installation of Pipelines by Horizontal Directional Drilling, An Engineering Design Guide, prepared for the Offshore and Onshore Design Applications Supervisory Committee of the Pipeline Research Committee.

Multiple wells from offshore structures DrillingEngineering

Thu, 12 Jan 2012 13:22:10 GMT

The most common application of directional drilling techniques is in offshore drilling. Many oil and gas deposits are situated well beyond the reach of land based rigs. Drilling a large number of vertical wells from individual platforms is both impractical and uneconomical. The obvious approach for a large oilfield is to install a fixed platform on the seabed, from which many directional boreholes can be drilled. The bottomhole locations of these wells are carefully spaced for optimum recovery....

Gravity Toolface DirectionalDrilling

Thu, 12 Jan 2012 09:38:09 GMT

Gravity toolface is the angular distance the bent sub scribe line is turned, about the tool axis, relative to the high side of the hole Gravity toolface Dir Probe Gravity Toolface Toolface Offset If the inclination of the wellbore is above 5 to 8 , then gravity toolface can be used The toolface will be referenced to the highside of the survey instrument, no matter what the hole direction of the survey instrument is at the time The toolface will be presented in a number of degrees either right...

Additional ReviewReading Material DrillingEngineering

Tue, 10 Jan 2012 15:58:57 GMT

EXLOG, MS-3026 Theory And Applications Of Drilling Fluid Hydraulics Baker Hughes INTEQ, Drilling Fluids Manual, 1991 API, The Rheology of Oil-Well Drilling Fluids, Bulletin 13D,2nd Edition, May 1985 API, Recommended Practice for Drilling Mud Report Form, Report 13G, 2nd Edition, May 1982 Chilingarian, G.V. and Vorabutr, P., Drilling and Drilling Fluids, Elsevier Science Publishers, 1983 Bourgoyne Jr., Adam, et al Applied Drilling Engineering, SPE Textbook Series, Vol. 2, 1986 Moore, Preston...

Gamma Ray Applications DirectionalDrilling

Tue, 10 Jan 2012 14:52:26 GMT

Determining shale volume - By using the relative response of the gamma curve compared with a 100 shale reading, the shale volume Vsh in the formation can be estimated from the following equation To calculate the shale volume Vsh of any zone, determine the denominator of the equation by subtracting the clean sand reading GRclean from the shale baseline reading GRsh . Then, determine the numerator of the equation by subtracting the reading in the zone of interest GRzone from the shale baseline...

Survey Accuracy As A Function Of Inclination DirectionalDrilling

Tue, 10 Jan 2012 14:43:29 GMT

Berror IS A LARGER PERCENTAGE OF Bref AT HIGHER INCLINATIONS For systematic uncertainty, the uncertainty is along the Z-axis. This will result in decreased survey accuracy when drilling east or west as opposed to drilling north or south. This is due to the fact that Berror will tend to pull Bref in the direction of the Z-axis, away from Bn. This relationship is shown in the figure below.

Control Fluid Circuit WellControl

Tue, 10 Jan 2012 07:51:56 GMT

In addition to the control fluid circuits used to operate stack functions such as ram or annular preventers, the control system must also perform other functions such as control of subsea regulators, provide readback pressures, latch unlatch the subsea control pods and charge the subsea accumulators. Fig 9.4 shows a typical control fluid circuit. The hydraulic fluid is mixed, pressurised and stored in accumulator bottles by the hydraulic power unit. A pilot operated accumulator isolator valve...

Bop Stack Equipment DrillingProcedures

Tue, 10 Jan 2012 05:30:39 GMT

Floating drilling rigs may be equipped with either a 'one stack' or a 'two stack' BOP system. The two stack system is a combination of a 2,000 or 3,000psi large bore stack and a 5,000, 10,000 or 15,000psi stack. A one stack system is either a 10,000 or 15,000psi system. The following list gives the common sizes and various configurations 183 4 - 10,000 and 15,000psi WP 163 4 - 10,000 and 15,000psi WP 135 s - 5,000, 10,000 and 15,000psi WP 4 rams and 2 annulars 4 rams and 1 annular 3 rams and 1...

Automatic Opening To Diverter Lines As Bag Closes 1 WellControl

Mon, 09 Jan 2012 00:22:36 GMT

Figure 6.3.3 Example diverter with annular packing element Figure 6.3.3 Example diverter with annular packing element Figure 6.3.4 Example diverter with insert - type packer Figure 6.3.4 Example diverter with insert - type packer Figure 6.3.5 Example diverter with rotating stripper Figure 6.3.5 Example diverter with rotating stripper Figure 6.3.6 Example diverter systems - Integral sequencing Figure 6.3.6 Example diverter systems - Integral sequencing

Cuttings Bed Suppression DirectionalDrilling

Sat, 07 Jan 2012 15:28:07 GMT

Cuttings beds formation in deviated holes can be suppressed by using muds with exceptionally good suspension characteristics. However, high flow rates are still necessary since the beds can never be totally eliminated. For water based mud, the best conventional additive for this purpose is XC polymer. All the major service companies now offer low shear enhancers sometimes referred to as rheology modifiers for oil based muds. A simple force balance approach can be used to determine the minimum...

Pump Rate DirectionalDrilling

Sat, 07 Jan 2012 15:26:03 GMT

The single most crucial factor for successful hole cleaning is mud flow rate, especially for deviated holes. As a rough guide, the annular velocity needed for cleaning wells deviated 50 - 60 is approximately twice that required for the vertical case. Take all reasonable steps to reduce frictional pressure. Doing so will extend the range of available flowrate. In critical cases, careful consideration should be given to BHA design, nozzle selection, and additional losses due to mud motors MWD...

The basic ingredient of calcium chloridecalcium bromide brines DrillingEquipment

Sat, 07 Jan 2012 14:03:19 GMT

CaCl2 CaBr2 is a calcium bromide solution that ranges in density from 14.1 to 14.3 ppg 1.72 SG the pH range is 7.0 to 7.5. The density of CaBr2 brine can be increased by adding calcium chloride pellets or flakes. However, a 1.81 S.G. CaCl2 CaBr2 solution crystallizes at approximately 65 F 18 C . CaCl2 CaBr2 brine can be diluted by adding a CaCl2 brine weighing 11.6 ppg 1.39 SG . The corrosion rate for CaCl2 CaBr2 is no more than5 mm per year on N-80 steel coupons at 300 F 149 C . If a...

Chemical Analysis Mud Check DrillingFluids

Sat, 07 Jan 2012 10:20:21 GMT

Table 6 pH of 10 Solution approximate Soda Ash Sodium Hydroxide Potassium Hydroxide Calcium Hydroxide Barium Carbonate Gypsum Alkalinity of the whole mud, or PM, is a measure of both the soluble and insoluble materials in a mud. Soluble ions, such as hydroxyls, carbonates and bicarbonates, and insoluble compounds, such as lime and magnesium hydroxide, have an affect on the PM. The PM is expressed as the volume in cm3 of 0.02N sulfuric acid required to lower the pH of 1 cm3 of the mud to 8.3....

Redundancy WellControl

Fri, 06 Jan 2012 07:40:42 GMT

The two subsea control pods are functionally identical. When a pilot control valve rams close for example is operated on the hydraulic control manifold a pilot signal is sent down both umbilicals so that the associated SPM valve in each pod 'fires'. If the pod selector valve is set on yellow then power fluid is sent only to this pod and it is only through the SPM valve in this pod that the fluid will reach the ram operating piston. The pod selection has no effect on the pilot system. Once the...

Removal Section TankArrangement

Wed, 04 Jan 2012 12:31:36 GMT

Undesirable drilled solids and gas are removed in this section before new additions are made to the fluid system. Drilled solids create poor fluid properties and cause many of the costly problems associated with drilling wells. Excessive drilled solids can cause stuck drill pipe, bad primary cement jobs, or high surge and swab pressures, which can result in lost circulation and or well-control problems. Each well and each type of drilling fluid has a different tolerance for drilled solids. Each...

Hopkin S Particle Slip Velocity Chart Oil Well Drilling

Sun, 01 Jan 2012 13:56:39 GMT

An example problem follows Hopkins slip velocity chart. Hopkin ran over 2,000 dynamic particle lifting tests with a 8 foot long 4.5 diameter vertical tube with 13 types of mud and 52 particle shapes and sizes. The particles were circulated from the bottom of the tube to the top with the fluid in laminar, transitional, and turbulent flow. Mud Marsh funnel viscosities ranged from 26 to 1,000 seconds qt. A minimum of three data points were collected for each test. A curve fit of his graph not...

What Are Gamma Rays DirectionalDrilling

Fri, 30 Dec 2011 05:34:34 GMT

Gamma rays are a form of high energy electromagnetic EM radiation. Other examples of EM radiation are visible light, radio and microwaves, infrared and ultraviolet light, and x-rays. Each of these forms is distinguished in the EM spectrum by their frequency f and wavelength A, . In free space that is, a vacuum all EM waves travel at the speed of light, c, which is 3 108 meters second, or 186,000 miles second The frequency and wavelength are related to the speed by the equation While the...

Drilling Hole DrillingProcedures

Sat, 24 Dec 2011 14:33:02 GMT

1 Run a 17 2 bit and BHA. Drill out the 20 float collar, cement, casing shoe and wash down to the rat hole TD. If it is planned to drill a long section, install a well head bore hole protector into the base flange. 2 Drill 5m 15ft of new hole, condition the mud and perform a leak off test Refer to section 11 . 3 Resume drilling with the 17 2 bit using the proper BHA for either a vertical or deviated hole Refer to section 8.1 . 4 Drill the 17 2 hole down to KOP if in a deviated hole phase and...

Drilling Hole 1 DrillingProcedures

Sat, 24 Dec 2011 14:33:00 GMT

1 Run a 12 4 bit and BHA. Drill out the 17 2 float collar, cement, casing shoe and wash down to the rat hole TD. If it is planned to drill a long section, install a wellhead bore hole protector into the first casing spool. 2 Drill 5m 15ft of new hole, condition the mud and perform a leak off test Refer to section 11 . 3 Resume drilling with the 12 4 bit using the proper BHA for a vertical or deviated hole. 4 Drill the 12 4 hole down to KOP and, if in a deviated hole phase, change the BHA for...

Workbook DrillingEngineering

Thu, 22 Dec 2011 12:27:05 GMT

Figure 5-15 Type 1 Build and Hold Figure 5-15 Type 1 Build and Hold Build-up section which may have more than one build up rate Tangent section Deep wells with large horizontal displacements Moderately deep wells with moderate horizontal displacement, where intermediate casing is not required Features There are several variations Shallow KOP - Build, hold amp drop back to vertical Build-up section - Build, hold, drop amp hold illustrated above Tangent section - Build, hold amp continuous drop...

Marine deltas DrillingServices

Mon, 19 Dec 2011 15:44:17 GMT

The mouths of rivers fall into two general categories. A river with a low sediment load may reach the sea in an estuary, where the effect of current, waves, and tides keeps sediment from accumulating. A heavily laden river, however, usually creates a marine delta, a seaward extension of land at or near sea level caused by the accumulation of sediments at the river's mouth. A delta is composed mostly of sediments brought down by the river, but mixed with them are fine wave-borne sediments...

Example Cgl DrillingEngineering

Mon, 19 Dec 2011 03:40:11 GMT

A drilling engineer wants to compare the viability of preplanning a hydraulics program for a well. He knows the expected and actual parameters used on the well. Determine if preplanning the hydraulics program provides a realistic estimate that is sufficiently accurate for field use. The mud parameters used in the actual well were the only values different than the expected conditions. Hole geometry Interval, ft 0-3,500 3.500-10,000 10,000-13,000 maximum pump pressure maximum flow rate pump...

Plug Choices and Techniques DrillingFluids

Fri, 16 Dec 2011 22:23:01 GMT

When a loss zone cannot be stabilized with sealing materials it may be desirable to try a plug. Several choices and techniques are available however, in all cases a reasonably accurate estimate of depth of the loss is required prior to setting the plug. Spinner surveys, radioactive traces, and temperature surveys are most commonly used for this purpose. The following is a typical list of plug choices. These are generally classified as soft, medium or hard plugs Bentonite-diesel oil squeeze gunk...

Clear Brine Fluids SolidsFree Brine Fluid Systems DrillingFluids

Thu, 15 Dec 2011 00:52:22 GMT

These fluids are made from fresh water or are solutions made with water and the addition of one or more electrolytes. These fluids do not contain either suspended particles or viscosifiers, which means neither filtration control nor viscosity control are provided. Some brines are corrosive and when corrosion inhibitors are required, compatibility studies should be performed. Some brines are toxic and precautions should be taken to prevent contact with unprotected skin. Brine solutions can be...

References Oyy DrillingEngineering

Wed, 14 Dec 2011 12:53:48 GMT

Casner, J.A. How to Design Drill Strings for Deep Wells. World Oil, February I, 1968. Coins, W.C. Better Understanding Prevents Tubular Buckling Problems. World Oil, January-February, 1980. Hansford, J.E., and A. Lubinski. Cumulative Fatigue Damage of Drill Pipe in Dog-Legs. Presented at the AIME-SPE meeting, Denver, Colorado, 965. Hansford, J.E., and A. Lubinski. The Effects of Drilling Vessel Pitch or Roll on Kelly and Drill Pipe Fatigue. Tram,, AIME, volume 231, 1964. Lubinski, A. A Study of...

Principles of Neutron Logging DirectionalDrilling

Tue, 13 Dec 2011 18:37:52 GMT

Neutrons are emitted from the source at a high energy, usually between 1 and 10 MeV. However, they are not detected until their energy has been reduced to a fraction of an eV through collisions with atomic nuclei in the formation. The rate at which energy is lost by the neutrons is a function of the elements in formation. Hydrogen is the most efficient element in slowing down, or moderating, neutrons. Porosity is inferred from the detection of these low energy, or thermal, neutrons because...

Balance Of Pressures WellControl

Sun, 11 Dec 2011 15:42:00 GMT

Once the well is shut-in providing nothing has broken down, the pressures in the well will be in balance. What is lacking in hydrostatic head of fluid in the well is now being made up by surface applied pressure on the annulus and on the drill pipe. Providing the bit is on bottom and the string is full with a known mud density this allows us to determine what the formation pressure is and hence what kill mud weight is required to achieve balance. On the drill pipe side of the U-tube. Figure 5.1...

Chronology Of Submersible Rigs OffshoreDrilling

Fri, 09 Dec 2011 12:54:18 GMT

CHRONOLOGY OF JACKUP RIGS, 1953-1969 In 1955, the first 3-legged jack-up appeared on the scene Figure 1-6 . The rig was the R. G. LeTourneau jack-up, the Scorpion, for Zapata Offshore Company. The Scorpion, an independent leg jack-up, used a rack and pinion elevating system on a truss framed leg. The rig worked very successfully for several years but was lost during a move in the Gulf of Mexico. The Scorpion was closely followed by The Offshore Company Rig No. 54. For Rig No. 54, however, a...

Piping and Equipment Arrangement TankArrangement

Fri, 09 Dec 2011 05:10:10 GMT

Drilling fluid should be processed through the solids-removal equipment in a sequential manner. The most common problem on drilling rigs is improper fluid routing, which causes some drilling fluid to bypass the sequential arrangement of solids-removal equipment. When a substantial amount of drilling fluid bypasses a piece or pieces of solids-removal equipment, many of the drilled solids cannot be removed. Factors that contribute to inadequate fluid routing include ill-advised manifolding of...

Multiple Well Man foldProduction Station OffshoreDrilling

Thu, 08 Dec 2011 07:40:02 GMT

The station consists of three basic hardware components the base, the wellhead connector assembly, and the subsea work enclosure. It also includes a number of associated supporting subsystems. A full-scale prototype has been constructed and tested. The prototype base Figure 4-6 is composed of structural piping and is about 50 feet square, 26 feet high. It weighs approximately 140 tons in air, with positive buoyancy in water with pipes unflooded. A circular base was designed to serve as a...

Casing Check List DrillingProcedures

Thu, 08 Dec 2011 01:49:30 GMT

Within a reasonable time prior to the beginning of the casing operation, the Company Drilling and Completion Supervisor and the Drilling Contractor's Toolpusher shall physically check the availability on the rig of all materials necessary to operations. The following check list may be used as a guideline. a Casing joints, enough for planned depth with 5-10 excess or a min. of 10 joints. b Float equipment float shoe, float collar, stage collar back-up are recommended . e Solvent to clean casing...

The Drillers Method WellControl

Wed, 07 Dec 2011 23:55:27 GMT

In the Driller's Method, the kick is circulated out of the hole using the existing mud weight. The mud weight is then raised to the required level and circulated around the well. Two complete circulations are thus required, as a minimum, for this method. Since it deals separately with the removal of the kick and the addition of kill weight mud, it is generally considered to be the simplest of well control methods, and it requires least arithmetic. However, this results, in the well being...

Marsh Funnel Viscosity DrillingFluids

Wed, 07 Dec 2011 18:02:42 GMT

Marsh Funnel viscosity is used to indicate relative mud consistency or thickness. Marsh Funnel viscosity is the time required seconds for a quart of mud to flow through a 2-in. long, 3 16-in. diameter tube at the bottom of the Marsh Funnel. This viscosity measurement is used to periodically report mud consistency. One quart of water should flow through a Marsh Funnel in 26 1. Hold one finger over the orifice at the tip of the funnel. Pour the mud sample through the funnel screen until mud...

Engine Control Instrument 1 PetroleumEngineering

Mon, 05 Dec 2011 18:01:16 GMT

Fig. 6.23. Aerated mud system. After Bobo, Ormsby, and Houch,42 courtesy Oil and Gas Journal. 2 greater safety quick weight buildup is quickly obtained by shutting off the injected air. Explosions and or fire possibilities are minimized by the water in the mixture. A typical layout for this method is shown in Figure 6.23. Air is injected into the system between the mud pumps and the standpipe. The air-mud ratio may be controlled by increasing or reducing inputs of each fluid. Such a system is...

Typical Properties of Saturated Salt Muds DrillingFluids

Mon, 05 Dec 2011 16:18:51 GMT

Saturated Salt Muds typically exhibit high yield point values and gel strengths. Gel strengths, although high, are generally fragile. Table 21 lists typical properties for unweighted 10.5 lb gal and weighted saturated salt muds. Typical Properties of Saturated Salt Muds

Saturated Salt Muds DrillingFluids

Mon, 05 Dec 2011 15:23:31 GMT

common practice to maintain the pH of the mud from 11-11.5 with additions of caustic soda. Saturated salt muds require larger additions of caustic soda to maintain a higher pH than do freshwater muds. Maintaining an 11 to 11.5 pH offers several advantages Deflocculants are more effective Lower concentrations of filtration control additives are required when Ca and Mg solubility is reduced Foaming tendency is lessened Mud is generally more stable Saturated salt muds will normally contain soluble...

Secondary ram shaft seal WellControl

Mon, 05 Dec 2011 02:38:25 GMT

1 Manual-lock piston in open position Locking shaft 2 Manual-lock piston in closed and locked position Locking shaft 2 Manual-lock piston in closed and locked position 2 Poslock piston in closed position 3 Manual-lock piston in closed position 3 Manual-lock piston in closed position

Junk in the Borehole DrillingEngineering

Sun, 04 Dec 2011 19:54:58 GMT

Junk is a foreign object in the borehole, which is not meant to be there. Since the clearance between casing and collars stabilizers is not great, even a small piece of junk can stick the drillstring. Preventive measures include 1. Ensure downhole tools are in good condition 2. Inspect downhole tools regularly 3. Be careful when working around the rotary table 4. Leave the hole covered when the drillstring is out of the borehole 5. Install drillpipe wipers whenever possible If junk sticking is...

Shear Rate DrillingFluids

Sun, 04 Dec 2011 16:05:30 GMT

Non-Newtonian fluids are classified into four major categories Those with properties independent of time, Those with properties dependent on time, The first two categories are of principal concern to drilling fluids. There is a further subdividing of these Time Independent, Non-Newtonian Fluids Time Dependent, Non-Newtonian Fluids

Bullheading DrillingEngineering

Sun, 04 Dec 2011 13:17:14 GMT

This is defined as pumping fluid into the well without circulation back to the surface. The fluid can be pumped down the drillpipe, down the annulus, or both. In most instances this will result in formation fracturing. This will occur at the weakest point, which is usually the formation near the last casing shoe. Obviously, in underground blowouts or wells with lost circulation, bullheading can prove useful since the fracture or loss zone already exists. Wells with short open hole sections and...

Soft Shutin Procedure While Tripping Fixed Rig WellControl

Sun, 04 Dec 2011 08:38:47 GMT

1 When a possible sign is observed, set top tool joint in the slips. 2 Install a full opening Safety valve on the drill pipe. Close the valve once it is installed. 3 Pick pipe up, check for flow. Check trip volumes. 4 OPEN choke line valve at Bop stack. HCR valve . 6 CLOSE choke. If this is not a positive shut-off type, it is necessary to close a valve just downstream of the choke in order to read well pressures. 8 Stab IBOP Grey Valve and open full opening safety valve. 9 Read and record...

Baker Hughes INTEQ Jwz DrillingEngineering

Sun, 04 Dec 2011 01:56:30 GMT

7. Determine what specifications govern the writing There is an FWR format and it usually uses a canned selection of questions statements which are to be answered. 8. Determine deadlines for each stage of the writing task Normally, rough drafts of the FWR are required after each casing point and at the end of the well. These deadlines also include when the final version of the report is due, when the illustrations or plots prints are due, and when all are to be delivered to the client. 9....

Introduction Smr DrillingEngineering

Fri, 02 Dec 2011 15:24:56 GMT

Drillstrings weigh less in weighted fluids than in air due to a fluid property known as buoyancy. Therefore, what is seen as the hookload is actually the buoyed weight of the drillstring. Archimedes's principle states that the buoy force is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced. Another way of saying this is that a buoy force is equal to the pressure at the bottom of the string multiplied by the cross sectional area of the tubular. This is due to the fact that the force of buoyancy is not...

Workbook Xaw DrillingEngineering

Fri, 02 Dec 2011 08:10:14 GMT

Figure 5-31 BHA using the fulcrum principle. Figure 5-31 BHA using the fulcrum principle. The rate of build will be INCREASED by the following Increasing the distance from the near-bit stabilizer to the first string stabilizer Increase in hole inclination Reduction of drill collar diameter Reduction in flow rate in soft formations The distance from the near-bit stabilizer to the first string stabilizer is the main design feature in a fulcrum assembly which will affect the build rate. The build...

D C 1 DrillingEngineering

Thu, 01 Dec 2011 10:45:41 GMT

CASING 'If vir' CASING 'IK VlT CASING 4 tIL SPOOL JPT lt 1L SPOOL JPT SPOOL JR Fig. 1.48-Cutaway view of rotating blowout preventer. Fig. 1.47-Typical surface stack blowout preventer arrangements for 10,000- and 15,000-psi working pressure service. Fig. 1.48-Cutaway view of rotating blowout preventer. and an annular preventer above the ram preventers. In some cases, it may be desirable to conduct drilling operations with a slight surface pressure on the annulus. A rotating head, which seals...

Drilling Fluid Report DrillingEngineering

Thu, 01 Dec 2011 10:27:19 GMT

One of the most important reports at the wellsite is the daily drilling fluid report, or mud report. In addition to containing basic well and rig information, chemical inventory and mud system costs, the mud report will contain a list of the fluid properties of the mud system. To maintain the required properties, certain tests are conducted on the drilling fluid. The most important are listed below. The density of the drilling fluid is important to maintaining well control. As mentioned...

Chapter Directional Drilling DrillingEngineering

Wed, 30 Nov 2011 18:43:20 GMT

1. a. Multiple wells from offshore platforms 2. True North - this is the direction of the geographic north pole, which lies on the Earth's axis of rotation Magnetic North - This is the direction of the magnetic north pole, which lies in northern Canada. Grid North - the northern direction as depicted on a flat surface i.e. a map S64.75E 115.25 N35E 35 S88.75W 268.75 N66.5W 293.5 S22.25E 157.75 N35.5W 324.5 S89E 91 N71.5E 71.5 S25.5W 205.5 N3.75W 356.25 S11.5E 168.5 4. Advantage Simple piece of...

Cementing DrillingEngineering

Wed, 30 Nov 2011 17:33:56 GMT

Cementing is an integral, necessary aspect of drilling oi and gas wells. Cement is used to secure casing strings and to isolate zones for production purposes as well as to solve various hole problems. A properly planned cement program is essential to a successfully drilled well. Cement planning consists of several features, including the following assessment of hole conditions such as temperature, size, etc. evaluation of mud properties equipment selection, such as central zers, scratcbcrs, and...

Planning a nudge program DrillingEngineering

Wed, 30 Nov 2011 16:32:28 GMT

The directions in which the wells are nudged'' should be chosen to achieve maximum separation. Wells may not necessarily be nudged in their target directions. Nudges will not only be shown on the individual well plans for each well, but a structure plot will also be drawn which will show well positions at the surface casing point after the nudge. On multi-well projects particularly offshore there are small distances between slots. To eliminate the risk of collisions directly beneath the...

The Drillers Method DrillingEngineering

Wed, 30 Nov 2011 12:14:28 GMT

When a kick occurs, the normal procedures is as follows 1. Pick up the kelly and note the position of tool joints in relation to the drilling spools. 4. Close the annular preventer or ram preventers. 7. Record the SIDP and SICP when they stabilize. Once the well is shut-in, it is necessary to calculate the kill mud density, initial and final circulating pressures, and the kick fluid gradient. If the kick fluid is gas, the bubble may start to percolate up the annulus. this will cause a slow rise...

Umbilical Hose WellControl

Wed, 30 Nov 2011 07:41:24 GMT

The umbilical transmits all power fluid and all pilot signals from the surface to the subsea control pods. Hydraulic pressure from the regulated side of the subsea regulators is also transmitted through the umbilical to pressure readback gauges at surface. The power fluid is supplied only to the umbilical of the selected active pod, whereas pilot pressure is normally supplied to both the active and inactive pods. Figure 63 Hose Reel Control Manifold Figure 63 Hose Reel Control Manifold rilling...

Broken Diamonds DirectionalDrilling

Tue, 29 Nov 2011 23:02:48 GMT

Broken diamonds result from excessive tangential force. When the diamond's strength is exceeded, a fracture along a cleavage plane s occurs on most bits, and all or most of the exposed stone separates. This is recognizable on the used bit by the generally flat, highly reflective surface. Causes are stones too large, broken formation, junk, too few stones, excessive WOB, improper stabilization, and erosion. Downhole pressure sensors are drilling performance tools that provide continuous and...

Aspects Of The Transitory Field DrillingServices

Tue, 29 Nov 2011 16:19:38 GMT

The transitory field is responsible for the following variations of the magnetic field. Secular variations of approximately 15 gammas per year - a minor effect. Diurnal solar variation on the order of 30 to 40 gammas per day a minor effect. The cyclical Eleven Years variation - a minor effect. Magnetic storms which may reach several hundreds of gammas - a major effect. The Earth's own magnetic field extends out to approximately 8 times the radius of the planet. Beyond this prevails the Magneto...

Chart For Determination Of PetroleumEngineering

Tue, 29 Nov 2011 14:37:19 GMT

HOLE CURVATURE DOG-LEG SEVERITY DEGREES PER 100 FT. Fig. 9.20. Solution of Example 9.12. advantages which may be derived from closer producer-drilling contractor cooperation in developing modern contract specifications. The general purpose of directional drilling is to place the bottom of a well under an inaccessible surface location. In such drilling, both the vertical and horizontal deviation are carefully controlled within pre-computed limits. Some specific applications of directional...

Summary and Recommended Practices DrillingEngineering

Tue, 29 Nov 2011 03:29:40 GMT

The safest approach to designing and using a pendulum assembly is to concentrate on producing a side force at the bit on the low side of the hole. This is achieved by running an assembly where the pendulum portion will be as stiff and straight as possible. It is also desirable that the section immediately above the first string stabilizer be stiff and straight and that a second string stabilizer be within 30 feet of the first. Omit the near-bit stabilizer when azimuth control is not a concern...

Casing Centralizer Spacing Oil Well Drilling

Mon, 28 Nov 2011 09:51:59 GMT

The purpose of centralizers on casing is to provide separation for the casing from the wall of the hole. This separation is called standoff. The strength of a centralizer is the amount of force required to compress its bows a given distance. Thus, stronger bows provide more standoff for casing. Wall force is the sum of two components 1 the product of the tension in the pipe and the dogleg severity of the hole and 2 buoyed weight of the pipe. The moments transmitted through the string of pipe in...

Other Common Fishing Tools Oil Well Drilling

Mon, 28 Nov 2011 05:45:31 GMT

There are a wide variety of fishing tools and equipment. The following is a short description of common tools. BAILER A pipe with a compression actuatedvalve which is used to place cement in a hole or clean cavings out of the hole. BUMPER SUB A drill string sub withsmandrel and housing which may be extended with tension or closed with compression. Used in combination with jars.

Faults DrillingServices

Sat, 26 Nov 2011 10:06:28 GMT

Many structural traps, especially those near the surface, can be located by careful study of the surface geology. Stratigraphic traps, however, are usually unrelated to surface features. Their elusiveness has stimulated the development of more and more sophisticated exploration techniques and devices. Many stratigraphic traps have been discovered accidentally while drilling structural traps. A good example of why stratigraphic traps are hard to find is the shoestring sand. This type of...

Workshop WellControl

Thu, 24 Nov 2011 10:42:47 GMT

1. Convert the following mud densities into pressure gradients. 2. Convert the following gradients into mud densities. 3. Calculate the hydrostatic pressure for the following. a. 9.5 ppg mud at 9000ft MD 8000 ft TVD _ b. 15.5 ppg mud at 18000ft TVD 21000ft MD _ c. 0.889 psi ft mud at 11000ft MD 9000ft TVD _ 4. Convert the following pressures into equivalent mud weights in PPG. c. 12000ft MD 10500ft TVD with 9000 psi High bottom hole temperatures could affect the hydrostatic pressure gradients...

Special Features WellControl

Wed, 23 Nov 2011 19:26:07 GMT

Flat doors simplify ram changes. To change the rams, apply opening hydraulic pressure to move the rams to the full open position. Remove the door cap screws and swing the door open. Remove the ram from the ram shaft and replace it. It is not necessary to apply closing hydraulic pressure to move the rams inward to clear the door. Door seals on most sizes have a hard backing moulded into the rubber. This fabric and phenolic backing prevents extrusion and pinching at all pressures to assure long...

Problems Pxd DrillingEngineering

Wed, 23 Nov 2011 18:25:44 GMT

13.1 Suppose that high-density cement is pumped down a production tubing string during a squeeze cement job. Can the tubing buckle Why 13.2 Discuss the operating conditions that cause an anchored assembly to increase tubing stress, 13.3 Suppose steam will be injected through tubing in a thermal recovery project. What effect will it have on the tubing If the average temperature change is I50 F, what is the expected length change 13.4 Discuss the significance of the helical spiral in a buckled...

Vertical Projection DirectionalDrilling

Wed, 23 Nov 2011 18:17:25 GMT

Declination, dip and Bt are constant No drillstring interference No casing or other non-drillstring interference IFR In-Field Referencing Geomagnetic Field Measurement Method Impact to drilling survey programs Impact to drilling survey programs IFR stations, or geomagnetic observatories, measure the earth's magnetic field at constant time intervals The IFR Method is the ability to enhance survey quality at the rig site The IFR Method is of continuing value to the drilling and sub-surface...

Drilling Fluid Selection DrillingFluids

Tue, 22 Nov 2011 17:30:43 GMT

Over the years a considerable number of drilling fluid formulations have been developed to suit various subsurface conditions. Selection of the best fluid to meet anticipated conditions will minimize well costs and reduce the risk of catastrophes such as stuck drill pipe, loss of circulation, and gas kicks. Consideration must also be given to obtaining adequate formation evaluation and maximum productivity. The different types of drilling fluids that are available have been summed up by...

Whirling Motion Of The Drill String Oil Well Drilling

Tue, 22 Nov 2011 17:30:33 GMT

The rule of not permitting turbulent flow in the open hole annulus may be revoked by considerations surrounding an orbiting drill string. The figure is a view of a cross section of a drill string while looking into the hole. The mud will be displaced by the orbiting drill string in the direction of the arrow captioned with MUD FLOW. The direction of the flow of the mud is horizontal. However, while this motion is coupled with vertical annular flow, mud will flow in a spiral motion. With no slip...

Example Nwp DrillingEngineering

Tue, 22 Nov 2011 16:18:26 GMT

Use Fig. 5-2a to determine the proper setting depth for intermediate pipe. Assume a 0.3-lb gal factor for swab and surge and a 0.2-lb gal safety factor. Use an arbitrary maximum limit of 2,200 psi differential pressure for normal 1. Evaluate the maximum pressures equivalent mud weights at the total depth of the well. Amount, lb gal Purpose Type of Pressure 15.6 Formation pressure Actual mud weight 0.3 Trip margin Actual mud weight 0.3 Surge pressure Equivalent mud weight 0.2 Safety factor...

Thousand Lb Wt PetroleumEngineering

Tue, 22 Nov 2011 16:17:04 GMT

Fig. 8.8. The effect of bit loading on penetration rate for various rocks. Laboratory data atmospheric pressure. Courtesy Hughes Tool Company.10 Again, the true relationship may be obscured by the hole cleaning variable. A satisfactory nozzle velocity at 100 rpm may not be adequate at 200 rpm, since at the latter speed a cutting has only half as much time to clear bottom prior to the next tooth impact. The Battelle Institute study2'3 set forth a formula for a rate of advance predicting...

Inside Bops WellControl

Sat, 19 Nov 2011 09:22:28 GMT

The drill pipe float valve and the flapper type of back pressure valve, serve essentially the same purpose, but differ in design. These valves provide instantaneous shut-off against high or low back pressure and allow full fluid flow through the drill string. Another advantage is that it prevents cuttings from entering the drill string, thus reducing the likelihood of pulling a wet string. Abnormal pressures and anticipated subnormal pressure zones should be the deciding factor regarding what...

End Of Manual Return Exercises 1 DrillingEngineering

Sat, 19 Nov 2011 08:52:48 GMT

1. Name the classifications of drilling fluid systems. 2. Excess filter cake can lead to four basic problems. Name them. 3. Give the generalizations that have been made concerning cuttings transport. 4. Compute the volume and density of a mud composed of 25 lb of bentonite, 60 lb of barite, and 1 bbl of fresh water. 5. There are 500 barrels of an 18.0 lb gal mud with the following composition Oil 51 , Water 9 , Solids 40 2 The fluid type and amount to increase the oil ratio to 90 10. 3 The...

STAPPM Hop DrillingProcedures

Fri, 18 Nov 2011 02:17:13 GMT

Squnch Joint Quick Thread Connector Figure 4.C - Squnch Joints and Quick Connectors Table 4.E - RL-4 Rapid Lock Conductor Connector Standard Specifications Table 4.E - RL-4 Rapid Lock Conductor Connector Standard Specifications

Chipped Cutter DirectionalDrilling

Thu, 17 Nov 2011 17:38:11 GMT

Description A cutter which has minor breakage. Less than half of the cutter has been broken. The chip is in both the diamond layer and tungsten carbide substrate. Cause Impact associated with bit whirl or excessive torque due to change information as well as similar variable. Description Where the diamond layer or a predominant portion of the layer has cleanly come off the tungsten carbide interface. A delamination always occurs at the interface where the tungsten carbide substrate is exposed....

Preventive Measures DrillingProcedures

Thu, 17 Nov 2011 16:39:55 GMT

When conditions for a potential differential sticking are encountered, the risk can be minimised by applying the following procedure 1 Reduce the mud weight as much as possible, maintaining the minimum differential pressure necessary for a safe trip margin. 2 Reduce the contact surface by using spiral type drill collars also called NWS No Wall Stick and using a properly stabilised bottom hole assembly. A shorter BHA with a greater number of HWDP could be considered. 3 Use mud with minimum...

A WAVE LENGTH L CHARACTERISTIC LENGTH Vck OffshoreDrilling

Thu, 17 Nov 2011 11:50:21 GMT

Fig. 1-48 Yaw transfer functions, Aker H-3, HeadingJi 45 a Stationary Conditions Short term Statistics Stationary conditions do not imply that the ocean surface is constant or repeats itself, but rather that the statistical parameters are constant. An irregular sea such as that shown in Figure 1-49 may be described by linearly superimposing a gTeat number of regular waves with different frequencies, H WAVE HEIGHT T ZERO UPCROSSING PERIOD H. SIGNIFICANT WAVE HEIGHT- T AVERAGE APPARENT ZERO...

Invasion Process Measurement of Rxo DirectionalDrilling

Thu, 17 Nov 2011 08:38:15 GMT

Log ex. 2 displays a water zone located deeper in the same well as above. The MWD curves in Track II had a formation exposure time of only one hour, and the agreement of all four phase shift resistivity curves signified that no appreciable invasion had occurred. Track III shows the same interval logged 71 2 days later, and significant invasion Di 23 inches had occurred, as indicated by the interrelationship of the curves. This profile is commonly observed in Gulf Coast high salinity water sands...