<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><?xml-stylesheet href="http://www.blogger.com/styles/atom.css" type="text/css"?><feed xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom' xmlns:openSearch='http://a9.com/-/spec/opensearchrss/1.0/' xmlns:blogger='http://schemas.google.com/blogger/2008' xmlns:georss='http://www.georss.org/georss' xmlns:gd="http://schemas.google.com/g/2005" xmlns:thr='http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0'><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1684678318395006462</id><updated>2024-09-08T21:20:29.987+09:00</updated><category term="soal-soal"/><category term="hukum-hukum astronomi"/><category term="materi"/><category term="soal"/><category term="Supernova"/><title type='text'>Dunia Astronomi (The world of astronomy)</title><subtitle type='html'></subtitle><link rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#feed' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://govindaastronomy.blogspot.com/feeds/posts/default'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1684678318395006462/posts/default?redirect=false'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://govindaastronomy.blogspot.com/'/><link rel='hub' href='http://pubsubhubbub.appspot.com/'/><author><name>govinda al-araaf</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/04830455143926099450</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='24' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEivFjh-ec6xR2QdD35_nkpjlQluJ0naBWVQG5rHngTgEm2M5LSUGFwULnSENRwZaf8CVTRed6mE_n5IeWldRFIV_3vfbHOea_Wu1rhW2dgaXil302JwD-kwkoFiEeJh/s220/09122010154.jpg'/></author><generator version='7.00' uri='http://www.blogger.com'>Blogger</generator><openSearch:totalResults>19</openSearch:totalResults><openSearch:startIndex>1</openSearch:startIndex><openSearch:itemsPerPage>25</openSearch:itemsPerPage><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1684678318395006462.post-3863517826063652217</id><published>2011-06-14T20:34:00.002+09:00</published><updated>2011-06-14T20:34:34.306+09:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="soal"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="soal-soal"/><title type='text'>Pemahaman materi</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; trbidi=&quot;on&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Calibri;&quot;&gt;1.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7pt &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Calibri;&quot;&gt;Pada suatu malam seorang pengamat mengamati langit. Pada pukul 20.00 waktu setempat langit cerah (tanpa awan sama sekali) sejam kemudian pada pukul 21.00 waktu setempat setengah dari luas langit tertutup oleh awan, sejam kemudian bagian yang sejam sebelumnya belum tertutupi awan kini tertutupi sepertiga bagian, sejam kemudian lagi sisa langit yang sejam sebelumnya belum tertutupi awan kini tertutupi seper empat bagian, dan terus ditutupi awan hingga langit tertutup awan seluruhnya. Jam berapa peristiwa itu terjadi?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Calibri;&quot;&gt;2.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7pt &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Calibri;&quot;&gt;Jika matahari memilki diameter lebih besar 0,02 kali dari semula, apakah yang akan terjadi dengan tata surya kita?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Calibri;&quot;&gt;3.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7pt &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Calibri;&quot;&gt;Apakah yang akan terjadi pada bumi apabila jaraknya dijauhnya 0,03 kali dari semula?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Calibri;&quot;&gt;4.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7pt &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Calibri;&quot;&gt;Jarak bumi-bulan saat ini adalah 340,000 km, andaikan bulan didekatkan dengan bumi sehingga jarak bumi-bulan kini menjadi 338,000 km. apakah yang akan terjadi dengan bumi dan bulan kemudian?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0in 0in 10pt 0.5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Calibri;&quot;&gt;5.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7pt &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Calibri;&quot;&gt;Apakah yang mendasari adanya teori bigbang?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://govindaastronomy.blogspot.com/feeds/3863517826063652217/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://govindaastronomy.blogspot.com/2011/06/pemahaman-materi.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1684678318395006462/posts/default/3863517826063652217'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1684678318395006462/posts/default/3863517826063652217'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://govindaastronomy.blogspot.com/2011/06/pemahaman-materi.html' title='Pemahaman materi'/><author><name>govinda al-araaf</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/04830455143926099450</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='24' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEivFjh-ec6xR2QdD35_nkpjlQluJ0naBWVQG5rHngTgEm2M5LSUGFwULnSENRwZaf8CVTRed6mE_n5IeWldRFIV_3vfbHOea_Wu1rhW2dgaXil302JwD-kwkoFiEeJh/s220/09122010154.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1684678318395006462.post-2084428716597358681</id><published>2011-04-07T23:11:00.001+09:00</published><updated>2011-04-07T23:21:27.329+09:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="hukum-hukum astronomi"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="soal"/><title type='text'>soal pendalaman</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; trbidi=&quot;on&quot;&gt;
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1.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;Jika massa sebuah neutron adalah 2 x 10&lt;sup&gt;-34&lt;/sup&gt;gram
dan terdapat &amp;nbsp;12 x 10&lt;sup&gt;45&lt;/sup&gt;neutron.
Hitunglah berapa massa total neutron jika dibandikan dengan massa matahari!&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;Apabila
pada suatu pengamatan didapat &lt;/span&gt; spektrum sebuah bintang yang teramati
adalah 5007 Angstrom. Jika spektrum normalnya sebesar 5005 Angstrom. Hitung
berapa diameter linear bintang tersebut jika kecepatan tangensial bintang dan
laju gerak diri adalah 100 km/s, 0,2”/tahun, serta konstanta hubble bernilai 70
km/s/Mpc!&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;&quot;&gt;
3.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;Jika bintang yang diamati mengalami pegeseran
merah maka bintang?&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;&quot;&gt;
4.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;Tuliskan fase hidup dari sebuah bintang?&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;&quot;&gt;
5.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;Jika sebuah planet berevolusi pada matahari
dengan periode 128 tahun serta memiliki panjang sumbu perihelium 26 AU. Hitunglah
panjang sumbu aphelium planet tersebut!&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://govindaastronomy.blogspot.com/feeds/2084428716597358681/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://govindaastronomy.blogspot.com/2011/04/soal-pendalaman.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1684678318395006462/posts/default/2084428716597358681'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1684678318395006462/posts/default/2084428716597358681'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://govindaastronomy.blogspot.com/2011/04/soal-pendalaman.html' title='soal pendalaman'/><author><name>govinda al-araaf</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/04830455143926099450</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='24' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEivFjh-ec6xR2QdD35_nkpjlQluJ0naBWVQG5rHngTgEm2M5LSUGFwULnSENRwZaf8CVTRed6mE_n5IeWldRFIV_3vfbHOea_Wu1rhW2dgaXil302JwD-kwkoFiEeJh/s220/09122010154.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1684678318395006462.post-7274678962711706071</id><published>2011-04-07T22:36:00.001+09:00</published><updated>2011-04-07T22:37:09.502+09:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="soal-soal"/><title type='text'>soal latihan</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; trbidi=&quot;on&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;&quot;&gt;
1.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;Seorang astronom pergi dari kota A pukul 12.00
sampai di kota B pukul 16.00. Keesokan harinya ia pulang dari kota B pukul
08.00 dan sampai di kota A pukul 10.00 dengan pesawat yang sama. Tentukan kota
mana yang lebih barat serta selisih waktu antara kota A dan B?&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;&quot;&gt;
2.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Bumi mengelilingi matahari dengan periode 365,25
hari. Makhluk asing yang tinggal di luar tata surya mengamati gerak Bumi
mengelilingi Matahari. Jika tat surya lain tersebut bergerak mengelilingi
matahari dengan kecepatan 2000 km/s. Hitung berapa periode bumi yang teramati
oleh makhluk asing tersebut?&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;&quot;&gt;
3.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Jika setiap tahun bumi megalami penyusutan massa
sebanyak 0,0001% dan apabila massa bumi saat ini sebesar 5,59 x 10&lt;sup&gt;27&lt;/sup&gt;kg.
Tentukan kapan bumi akan tertarik dan tertelan oleh matahari jika diketahui
massa minimal bumi untuk dapat bertahan pada tata surya adalah 5,59 x 10&lt;sup&gt;20&lt;/sup&gt;kg!&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;&quot;&gt;
4.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Mengapa para
astronomer sering mengatakan jika kita melihat bintang yang amat jauh maka sama
saja kita melihat masa lalu?&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;&quot;&gt;
5.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;Apa yang menyebabkan galaksi dapat berotasi?&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://govindaastronomy.blogspot.com/feeds/7274678962711706071/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://govindaastronomy.blogspot.com/2011/04/soal-latihan.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1684678318395006462/posts/default/7274678962711706071'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1684678318395006462/posts/default/7274678962711706071'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://govindaastronomy.blogspot.com/2011/04/soal-latihan.html' title='soal latihan'/><author><name>govinda al-araaf</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/04830455143926099450</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='24' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEivFjh-ec6xR2QdD35_nkpjlQluJ0naBWVQG5rHngTgEm2M5LSUGFwULnSENRwZaf8CVTRed6mE_n5IeWldRFIV_3vfbHOea_Wu1rhW2dgaXil302JwD-kwkoFiEeJh/s220/09122010154.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1684678318395006462.post-70919737009086714</id><published>2011-03-12T19:54:00.001+09:00</published><updated>2011-04-08T14:12:45.471+09:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="soal"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="soal-soal"/><title type='text'>SOAL ESSAI OSN ASTRONOMI  2010</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; trbidi=&quot;on&quot;&gt;
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  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;60&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;61&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light List Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;62&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;63&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;64&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;65&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;66&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;67&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;68&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;69&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;70&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;71&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;60&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;61&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light List Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;62&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;63&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;64&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;65&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;66&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;67&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;68&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;69&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;70&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;71&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;19&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Subtle Emphasis&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;21&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Intense Emphasis&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;31&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Subtle Reference&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;32&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Intense Reference&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;33&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Book Title&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;37&quot; Name=&quot;Bibliography&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;39&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;TOC Heading&quot;/&gt;
 &lt;/w:LatentStyles&gt;
&lt;/xml&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 10]&gt;
&lt;style&gt;
 /* Style Definitions */
 table.MsoNormalTable
 {mso-style-name:&quot;Table Normal&quot;;
 mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;
 mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;
 mso-style-noshow:yes;
 mso-style-priority:99;
 mso-style-qformat:yes;
 mso-style-parent:&quot;&quot;;
 mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;
 mso-para-margin-top:0in;
 mso-para-margin-right:0in;
 mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt;
 mso-para-margin-left:0in;
 line-height:115%;
 mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
 font-size:11.0pt;
 font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;
 mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
 mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
 mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;
 mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;}
&lt;/style&gt;
&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt;
 &lt;o:shapedefaults v:ext=&quot;edit&quot; spidmax=&quot;1027&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/xml&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt;
 &lt;o:shapelayout v:ext=&quot;edit&quot;&gt;
  &lt;o:idmap v:ext=&quot;edit&quot; data=&quot;1&quot;/&gt;
 &lt;/o:shapelayout&gt;&lt;/xml&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;

&lt;ol start=&quot;1&quot; type=&quot;1&quot;&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Andaikan
     sebuah supernova mengembang dengan kecepatan 1.000 km/detik, dan jarak
     supernova tersebut adalah 10.000 parsek. Berapa perubahan diameter
     sudutnya dalam 1 tahun ?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ol&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Penyelesaian:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Kuncinya gunakan trigonometri &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;D&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;/&lt;i&gt;d&lt;/i&gt;
= sin&lt;i&gt; δ&lt;/i&gt;, dengan &lt;i&gt;D&lt;/i&gt; diameter objek, &lt;i&gt;d&lt;/i&gt; jarak objek dan &lt;i&gt;δ&lt;/i&gt;
diameter sudutnya.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;d&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;
= 10000 pc&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;ingat 1 pc = 206265 AU dan 1 AU =
1,496 × 10&lt;sup&gt;8&lt;/sup&gt; km&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;v&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;
= 1000 km/s = 3,16 × 10&lt;sup&gt;10&lt;/sup&gt; km/tahun = 1,023 × 10&lt;sup&gt;-3&lt;/sup&gt;
pc/tahun&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Jadi dalam 1 tahun diameternya
menjadi &lt;i&gt;D&lt;/i&gt; = 1,023×10&lt;sup&gt;-3&lt;/sup&gt; pc&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;δ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;
= sin&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt; (&lt;i&gt;D&lt;/i&gt;/&lt;i&gt;d&lt;/i&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;δ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;
= (5,86136 × 10&lt;sup&gt;-6&lt;/sup&gt;)º = 0&lt;i&gt;”&lt;/i&gt;,02&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;* simbol (“) artinya detik busur.
Satu derajat = 60 menit busur = 3600 detik busur. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;ol start=&quot;2&quot; type=&quot;1&quot;&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Nebula
     kepiting yang mempunyai radius sebesar 1 pc, mengembang dengan kecepatan
     1.400 km/detik. Hitung umur nebula tersebut !&lt;b&gt; &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ol&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Penyelesaian:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;http://seasonsmks.files.wordpress.com/2010/12/p.png?w=96&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;&quot; src=&quot;data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAGAAAABVCAIAAAA5TXZxAAAClUlEQVR4nO2a25GDMAxFXRcFUQ/VuBmK0X54gpeBYOtlyUTncwekq7NgkuAEwSPJOoB3DASlPsYHu2VcDuzkTmTp9pYa0lCWVj+9YQZrku80ZoBhmoR7DL4FRvwnxAoZrabafWVKmz+V9QJw65o/hg+UknCfvlI5pBCPRC/n0E5BNhixlls7BcF4lELO7RSkQuKq+FmSexCJiigxkZoDfmbEd2tmJyu435PHtJEmr/Xr/ZpbR3PCd53pzA4AAOzbktYMsG/Lsu3Nw8kjtE/zaAcA8lounRB0T16LlrymHj8A1EEa5/i0U26w3hXowy8JKvfVvi39egCANM7TCU7t1HUHbehHBNV1+bNSI8AO9fVop3aOxedYo1Hr0PsFsZER9FY7BdR0Iah1ML/EjCDegDPPnxSWoNfbgRDUQ+eYIah1GPnM2QlBDUJQgxDUIAQ1IAp6q53rK88QdCKdgXcLSkJ09br2Vpjoe3tTuhJeEyt4+N5ebbCHRsdfuk68rUVI4Jyr3BB04jrUmwVx7rX/RboOI5/pAY6mnxDEIQQ1CEENQtAT/TNO+VajvH+u7+d7dwhVXi4I6g48ANi3DbmB4RcE1S0eecNeP6jpphVUNuHh91CBiCBsFQvyWtchBNi5phaEv3gEBRFqTUEIeoIw0Zy7XKnIC6IV9Qnxp0ilug7REkQu7Qr6z0baDTzACf9+QdxfZod1MoGfGfmpaSpHImnxnwvmcWQjSKqxNlIhdd+ZWCEYj/H88+pINtiIl5MjEY/EfgqyXwFLoZREaCWzdqQXQG4xM7qUtPtK37HD91+pt5CvOORSGnbBqt26Elt4hpV96qjegD1S+odgsN7u4zph5rSVckpi07WFSapbHEXxSQhq8AeSvRlF7ySDtgAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;R&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;
= 1 pc = 3,09 × 10&lt;sup&gt;13&lt;/sup&gt; km&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;v &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;=
1400 km/s&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;t&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;
= &lt;i&gt;R&lt;/i&gt;/&lt;i&gt;v&lt;/i&gt; = 2,2 × 10&lt;sup&gt;10&lt;/sup&gt; s = 698,4 tahun&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;ol start=&quot;3&quot; type=&quot;1&quot;&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Kecepatan
     yang diamati dari sebuah galaksi yang jauh (V&lt;sub&gt;teramati&lt;/sub&gt;) adalah
     gabungan dari kecepatan akibat ekspansi alam semesta (V&lt;sub&gt;ekspansi&lt;/sub&gt;)
     dan kecepatan pekuliar (V&lt;sub&gt;pek&lt;/sub&gt;), yaitu (V&lt;sub&gt;teramati&lt;/sub&gt; = V&lt;sub&gt;ekspansi&lt;/sub&gt;
     + V&lt;sub&gt;pek&lt;/sub&gt;). Kecepatan pekuliar adalah kecepatan diri galaksi
     terhadap kecepatan rata-rata galaksi lain disekitarnya. Kecepatan ekspansi
     bergantung pada hukum Hubble, sedangkan kecepatan pekuliar sebuah galaksi
     nilainya acak, sekitar ratusan km/s. Misalkan kita mengamati dua galaksi,
     satu pada jarak 35 juta tahun cahaya dengan kecepatan radial 580 km/s, dan
     yang lain pada jarak 1.100 juta tahun cahaya dengan kecepatan radial
     25.400 km/s.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ol&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-indent: -.25in;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;a)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Hitung
konstanta Hubble dari masing-masing hasil pengamatan diatas dalam satuan km/s
/juta tahun cahaya.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-indent: -.25in;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;b)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Manakah di
antara dua perhitungan yang akan Anda anggap lebih dapat dipercaya? Mengapa?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-indent: -.25in;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;c)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Estimasikan
kecepatan pekuliar dari galaksi dekat.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-indent: -.25in;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;d)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Jika galaksi
yang lebih jauh diketahui punya kecepatan diri yang sama dengan galaksi dekat,
hitung konstanta Hubble yang lebih akurat!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Penyelesaian:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Kuncinya, untuk kecepatan ekspansi, &lt;i&gt;v&lt;sub&gt;e&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/i&gt;,
gunakan Hukum Hubble &lt;i&gt;v&lt;sub&gt;e&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/i&gt; = &lt;i&gt;H d&lt;/i&gt;, dimana &lt;i&gt;H&lt;/i&gt;
konstanta Hubble dan &lt;i&gt;d&lt;/i&gt; jarak dalam Mpc (1 Mpc = 10&lt;sup&gt;6&lt;/sup&gt; pc)
dengan &lt;i&gt;v&lt;sub&gt;e&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/i&gt; dalam km/s.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-indent: -.25in;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;a)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;d&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp;= 35.000.000 ly = 1,0736×10&lt;sup&gt;7&lt;/sup&gt;
pc = 10,736 Mpc&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;v&lt;sub&gt;e&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt; = 580 km/s&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;v&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt; = &lt;i&gt;H d&lt;/i&gt; → &lt;i&gt;H&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt; = &lt;i&gt;v&lt;sub&gt;e&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;/&lt;i&gt;d&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;
= 54 (km/s)/Mpc …….. (1)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;d&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp;= 1.100.000.000 ly = 337,42
Mpc&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;v&lt;sub&gt;e&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt; = 25.400 km/s&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;H&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt; = &lt;i&gt;v&lt;sub&gt;e&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;/&lt;i&gt;d&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;
= 75,3 (km/s)/Mpc …………….… (2)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-indent: -.25in;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;b)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;(2), karena jarak yang jauh
mengakibatkan kecepatan ekspansi besar sehingga persentase kecepatan pekuliar
menjadi lebih kecil (nilai &lt;i&gt;H&lt;/i&gt; semakin akurat)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-indent: -.25in;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;c)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;V&lt;sub&gt;e&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt; = &lt;i&gt;H d&lt;/i&gt;
→ &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;gunakan &lt;i&gt;H&lt;/i&gt;
yang lebih akurat&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;v&lt;sub&gt;e&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt; = 75
(km/s)/Mpc × 10,736 Mpc = 808,42 km/s&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;v&lt;sub&gt;tot&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt; = &lt;i&gt;v&lt;sub&gt;e&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/i&gt; + &lt;i&gt;v&lt;sub&gt;p&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/i&gt; → &lt;i&gt;v&lt;sub&gt;p&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;
= 580 – 808,42 = -228,42 km/s&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-indent: -.25in;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;d)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;v&lt;sub&gt;e&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt; = &lt;i&gt;v&lt;sub&gt;tot&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/i&gt; – &lt;i&gt;v&lt;sub&gt;p&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;ve &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;= 25400 – (-228,42) = 25628,42 km/s&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;H&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt; = &lt;i&gt;v&lt;sub&gt;e&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;/&lt;i&gt;d&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;
= (25628,42)/(337,42) = 75,95 (km/s)/Mpc&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;ol start=&quot;4&quot; type=&quot;1&quot;&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo4; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Andaikan
     kita mengamati sebuah galaksi yang jaraknya 500 Mpc, dan galaksi tersebut
     bergerak menjauhi kita dengan kecepatan 30.000 km/detik. Jika kecepatannya
     konstan, kapan Big Bang terjadi ?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ol&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Penyelesaian:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;d&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;
= 500 Mpc = 1,543 × 10&lt;sup&gt;27&lt;/sup&gt; km&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;v&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;
= 30000 km/s&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;t&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;
= &lt;i&gt;d&lt;/i&gt;/&lt;i&gt;v&lt;/i&gt; = 5,143 × 10&lt;sup&gt;17&lt;/sup&gt; tahun = &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;16,3 milyar tahun&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;ol start=&quot;5&quot; type=&quot;1&quot;&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo5; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Massa
     Bulan adalah 7,1 x 10&lt;sup&gt;22&lt;/sup&gt; kg, orbit Bulan mengelilingi Bumi
     dianggap lingkaran dengan radius 384.400 km dan periode 27⅓ hari. Apabila
     pada suatu saat bulan bertabrakan dengan sebuah astroid besar bermassa 3,2
     x 10&lt;sup&gt;18&lt;/sup&gt; kg, dengan arah tumbukan sentral, asteroid menghujam
     permukaan Bulan secara tegak lurus dengan kecepatan relatif 30 km/s
     terhadap bulan. Vektor kecepatan asteroid tepat berlawanan dengan vektor
     kecepatan Bulan dalam orbitnya mengelilingi Bumi. Berubah menjadi berapa
     lama periode orbit bulan ?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ol&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Penyelesaian:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;r&lt;sub&gt;B&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt; = 384400000 m&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;T&lt;sub&gt;B&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt; = 27⅓ hari = 2,362×10&lt;sup&gt;6&lt;/sup&gt; s&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;v&lt;sub&gt;B&lt;/sub&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;= (2π&lt;i&gt;r&lt;sub&gt;B&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/i&gt;)/&lt;i&gt;T&lt;sub&gt;B&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/i&gt; = 1021,7 m/s&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;m&lt;sub&gt;B&lt;/sub&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;= 7,1×1022 kg&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;v&lt;sub&gt;A&lt;/sub&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;= -30000 m/s (berlawanan, tandanya negatif)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;m&lt;sub&gt;A&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt; = 3,2×1018 kg&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Perhatikan setelah tumbukan terjadi, Bulan dan asteroid akan menyatu dan
bergerak bersama-sama kearah vektor kecepatan Bulan dengan kecepatan yang
berubah. Dengan menggunakan hukum kekekalan momentum linier&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Momentum sebelum tumbukan = momentum setelah tumbukan&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;m&lt;sub&gt;B&lt;/sub&gt;v&lt;sub&gt;B&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt; + &lt;i&gt;m&lt;sub&gt;A&lt;/sub&gt;v&lt;sub&gt;A&lt;/sub&gt; &lt;/i&gt;= (&lt;i&gt;m&lt;sub&gt;B&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/i&gt;
+ &lt;i&gt;m&lt;sub&gt;A&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/i&gt;)&lt;i&gt;v’&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;(7,1×10&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;22&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;)(1021,7) + (3,2×10&lt;sup&gt;18&lt;/sup&gt;)(-30000) = (7,1×10&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;22&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt; + 3,2×10&lt;sup&gt;18&lt;/sup&gt;)&lt;i&gt;v’&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;v’&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt; = 1020,6 m/s&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Periode revolusi Bulan setelah tumbukan, &lt;i&gt;T&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;B&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;’&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;&quot;&gt;T&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;&quot;&gt;B&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;&quot;&gt;’ &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;&quot;&gt;= (2π&lt;i&gt;r&lt;sub&gt;B&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/i&gt;)/&lt;i&gt;v’&lt;/i&gt;
= 2,366×10&lt;sup&gt;6&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sub&gt; &lt;/sub&gt;s = 27,38 hari (lebih lambat)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://govindaastronomy.blogspot.com/feeds/70919737009086714/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://govindaastronomy.blogspot.com/2011/03/soal-essai-osn-astronomi-2010.html#comment-form' title='2 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1684678318395006462/posts/default/70919737009086714'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1684678318395006462/posts/default/70919737009086714'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://govindaastronomy.blogspot.com/2011/03/soal-essai-osn-astronomi-2010.html' title='SOAL ESSAI OSN ASTRONOMI  2010'/><author><name>govinda al-araaf</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/04830455143926099450</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='24' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEivFjh-ec6xR2QdD35_nkpjlQluJ0naBWVQG5rHngTgEm2M5LSUGFwULnSENRwZaf8CVTRed6mE_n5IeWldRFIV_3vfbHOea_Wu1rhW2dgaXil302JwD-kwkoFiEeJh/s220/09122010154.jpg'/></author><thr:total>2</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1684678318395006462.post-392943215129487583</id><published>2011-01-28T13:36:00.000+09:00</published><updated>2011-01-28T13:36:50.890+09:00</updated><title type='text'>Prediction exercises of astronomy olimpiad</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; trbidi=&quot;on&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt;  &lt;o:OfficeDocumentSettings&gt;   &lt;o:RelyOnVML/&gt;   &lt;o:AllowPNG/&gt;  &lt;/o:OfficeDocumentSettings&gt; &lt;/xml&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt;  &lt;w:WordDocument&gt;   &lt;w:View&gt;Normal&lt;/w:View&gt;   &lt;w:Zoom&gt;0&lt;/w:Zoom&gt;   &lt;w:TrackMoves/&gt;   &lt;w:TrackFormatting/&gt;   &lt;w:PunctuationKerning/&gt;   &lt;w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/&gt;   &lt;w:SaveIfXMLInvalid&gt;false&lt;/w:SaveIfXMLInvalid&gt;   &lt;w:IgnoreMixedContent&gt;false&lt;/w:IgnoreMixedContent&gt;   &lt;w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText&gt;false&lt;/w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText&gt;   &lt;w:DoNotPromoteQF/&gt;   &lt;w:LidThemeOther&gt;EN-US&lt;/w:LidThemeOther&gt;   &lt;w:LidThemeAsian&gt;X-NONE&lt;/w:LidThemeAsian&gt;   &lt;w:LidThemeComplexScript&gt;X-NONE&lt;/w:LidThemeComplexScript&gt;   &lt;w:Compatibility&gt;    &lt;w:BreakWrappedTables/&gt;    &lt;w:SnapToGridInCell/&gt;    &lt;w:WrapTextWithPunct/&gt;    &lt;w:UseAsianBreakRules/&gt;    &lt;w:DontGrowAutofit/&gt;    &lt;w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/&gt;    &lt;w:DontVertAlignCellWithSp/&gt;    &lt;w:DontBreakConstrainedForcedTables/&gt;    &lt;w:DontVertAlignInTxbx/&gt;    &lt;w:Word11KerningPairs/&gt;    &lt;w:CachedColBalance/&gt;   &lt;/w:Compatibility&gt;   &lt;m:mathPr&gt;    &lt;m:mathFont m:val=&quot;Cambria Math&quot;/&gt;    &lt;m:brkBin m:val=&quot;before&quot;/&gt;    &lt;m:brkBinSub m:val=&quot;--&gt;    &lt;m:smallfrac m:val=&quot;off&quot;&gt;    &lt;m:dispdef&gt;    &lt;m:lmargin m:val=&quot;0&quot;&gt;    &lt;m:rmargin m:val=&quot;0&quot;&gt;    &lt;m:defjc m:val=&quot;centerGroup&quot;&gt;    &lt;m:wrapindent m:val=&quot;1440&quot;&gt;    &lt;m:intlim m:val=&quot;subSup&quot;&gt;    &lt;m:narylim m:val=&quot;undOvr&quot;&gt;   &lt;/m:narylim&gt;&lt;/m:intlim&gt; &lt;/m:wrapindent&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt;  &lt;w:LatentStyles DefLockedState=&quot;false&quot; DefUnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
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&lt;/style&gt; &lt;![endif]--&gt;  &lt;/m:defjc&gt;&lt;/m:rmargin&gt;&lt;/m:lmargin&gt;&lt;/m:dispdef&gt;&lt;/m:smallfrac&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;1.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Star A is radiating four times as much energy as star B, but it is two times the distance from us. Which star will appear brighter, and by how much? &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;2.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Two stars have the same absolute magnitude. One is two thousand time farther away than the other. What is the difference in apparent magnitudes?which magnitude larger?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;3.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Two star have the same apparent magnitude and are of the same spectral type. One is twice as far away as the other. What is the relative the relative size of two stars?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;4.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;A quasar is observed and it is found that a line whose rest wavelenght is 3000 A(Angstrom) it observed at 15000 A. Estimate :&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 54pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;a.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;How fast is the quasar receding?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 54pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;b.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;How far away is its distance is given by the hubble relation?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 54pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;(the hubble constan is H = 73 km/sec/Mpc)?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 54pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Both answer may be done with an accuracy 30%.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;5.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Let’s assume you discover a new starand you measure an apparent visual magnitude of 7.66, a parallaxof 0.31 arcsec and a recessional velocity of 53 km/sec (it moves awa from us with 53 km/sec).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 54pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;a.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Calculate the absolute magnitude&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 54pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;b.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Calculate the diameter of that star in solar units.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://govindaastronomy.blogspot.com/feeds/392943215129487583/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://govindaastronomy.blogspot.com/2011/01/prediction-exercises-of-astronomy.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1684678318395006462/posts/default/392943215129487583'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1684678318395006462/posts/default/392943215129487583'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://govindaastronomy.blogspot.com/2011/01/prediction-exercises-of-astronomy.html' title='Prediction exercises of astronomy olimpiad'/><author><name>govinda al-araaf</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/04830455143926099450</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='24' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEivFjh-ec6xR2QdD35_nkpjlQluJ0naBWVQG5rHngTgEm2M5LSUGFwULnSENRwZaf8CVTRed6mE_n5IeWldRFIV_3vfbHOea_Wu1rhW2dgaXil302JwD-kwkoFiEeJh/s220/09122010154.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1684678318395006462.post-4118257872404796310</id><published>2011-01-24T14:42:00.000+09:00</published><updated>2011-01-24T14:42:35.576+09:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="soal-soal"/><title type='text'>exercises of elementary astronomy</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; trbidi=&quot;on&quot;&gt;&lt;m:smallfrac m:val=&quot;off&quot;&gt;    &lt;m:dispdef&gt;    &lt;m:lmargin m:val=&quot;0&quot;&gt;    &lt;m:rmargin m:val=&quot;0&quot;&gt;    &lt;m:defjc m:val=&quot;centerGroup&quot;&gt;    &lt;m:wrapindent m:val=&quot;1440&quot;&gt;    &lt;m:intlim m:val=&quot;subSup&quot;&gt;    &lt;m:narylim m:val=&quot;undOvr&quot;&gt;   &lt;/m:narylim&gt;&lt;/m:intlim&gt; &lt;/m:wrapindent&gt;  &lt;/m:defjc&gt;&lt;/m:rmargin&gt;&lt;/m:lmargin&gt;&lt;/m:dispdef&gt;&lt;/m:smallfrac&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 21.3pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;nw&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;1.&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Suatu kelompok bintang yang sejenis terdiri dari empat buah bintang. Paralaks&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;nw&quot;&gt;rata-rata kelompok bintang ini adalah 0&quot;,08 dan magnitudo visual masing-masing&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;nw&quot;&gt;bintang adalah 11,03, 11,75, 12,04 dan 12,95. Apabila magnitudo mutlak&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;nw&quot;&gt;kelompok bintang ini dianggap sama, tentukanlah magnitudo mutlak dan paralaks&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;nw&quot;&gt;masing-masing anggota kelompok bintang tersebut.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;nw&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 21.3pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;nw&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;2.&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;nw&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Sebuah bintang mempunyai paralaks 0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ff10&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 9pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;nw&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;,474 dan gerak diri (&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ff3&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;proper motion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;nw&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;nw&quot;&gt;bintang tersebut adalah 3&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ff10&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 9pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&quot;,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;nw&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;00/tahun. Jika kecepatan radial bintang adalah 40 km/s,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;nw&quot;&gt;tentukanlah kecepatan linier bintang tersebut.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;nw&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 21.3pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;nw&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;3.&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;nw&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Luminositas sebuah bintang 100 kali lebih terang daripada luminositas Matahari,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;nw&quot;&gt;tetapi temperaturnya hanya setengahnya dari temperatur Matahari. Berapakah&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;nw&quot;&gt;radius bintang tersebut dinyatakan dalam radius Matahari?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;nw&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 21.3pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;nw&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;4.&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;nw&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Bintang A dan B mempunyai magnitudo semu yang sama. Jika luminositas&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;nw&quot;&gt;bintang A lima kali luminositas bintang B, dan jarak bintang A sekitar 15 pc,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;nw&quot;&gt;berapakah jarak bintang B?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;nw&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 21.3pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;5.&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;If you measure the parallax of a star to be 0,5 arc seconds on Earth and an observer in a space station in the orbit around the Sun measures a parallax for the same star to be 1 arc seconds, how far is the space station from the Sun ?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 21.3pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;6.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Para ahli menggunakan sinar laser untuk menentukan jarak dari Bumi ke planet Venus. Sinar laser ditembakkan ke arah planet Venus , lalu para ahli mengukur selang waktu antara penembakkan sinar laser dengan pantulan yang diterima oleh detektor tertentu. Jika didapat selang waktunya adalah 4,32178 menit. Hitunglah jarak planet Venus dari Bumi !&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 21.3pt; text-indent: -21.3pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;7.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;You observe an asteroid approaching the Earth. You have two observatories 3200 km apart, so you can measure the parallax shift of the incoming asteroid. You observe the parallax shift to be 0,022 degrees.&lt;br /&gt;
a) How big is the parallax shift in radians ?&lt;br /&gt;
b) How far away is the asteroid ?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://govindaastronomy.blogspot.com/feeds/4118257872404796310/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://govindaastronomy.blogspot.com/2011/01/normal-0-false-false-false-en-us-x-none.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1684678318395006462/posts/default/4118257872404796310'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1684678318395006462/posts/default/4118257872404796310'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://govindaastronomy.blogspot.com/2011/01/normal-0-false-false-false-en-us-x-none.html' title='exercises of elementary astronomy'/><author><name>govinda al-araaf</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/04830455143926099450</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='24' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEivFjh-ec6xR2QdD35_nkpjlQluJ0naBWVQG5rHngTgEm2M5LSUGFwULnSENRwZaf8CVTRed6mE_n5IeWldRFIV_3vfbHOea_Wu1rhW2dgaXil302JwD-kwkoFiEeJh/s220/09122010154.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1684678318395006462.post-5368455373395646916</id><published>2011-01-23T20:52:00.000+09:00</published><updated>2011-01-23T20:52:12.238+09:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="materi"/><title type='text'>Fotometri</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; trbidi=&quot;on&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: Georgia,&amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif;&quot;&gt;Materi yang berikutnya akan dibahas sebagai rangkaian pengenalan akan  fotometri adalah sistem magnitudo. Magnitudo adalah suatu sistem skala  ukuran kecerlangan bintang. Sistem magnitudo ini dibuat pertama kali  oleh Hipparchus pada abad 2 sebelum masehi. Dia membagi terang bintang  menjadi 6 kelompok berdasarkan penampakkannya dengan mata telanjang.  Bintang yang paling terang diberi magnitudo 1 sedangkan bintang yang  paling lemah yang bisa diamati oleh mata telanjang diberi magnitudo 6.  Hal yang perlu diperhatikan bahwa semakin terang suatu bintang, semakin  kecil magnitudonya. Kelemahan sistem ini adalah tidak adanya suatu  standar baku tentang terang bintang dan penentuan skala ini sangat  tergantung pada kejelian dan kualitas mata pengamat (karena bersifat  kualitatif) &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: Georgia,&amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif;&quot;&gt;Ilmuwan John Herschel mendapatkan bahwa kepekaan mata dalam menilai  terang bintang bersifat logaritmik. Bintang yang bermagnitudo 1 ternyata  100 kali lebih terang dibandingkan bintang yang bermagnitudo 6.  Berdasarkan fakta ini, Pogson merumuskan skala magnitudo secara  kuantitatif. Hal ini menyebabkan sistem magnitudo semakin banyak  digunakan hingga saat ini.&lt;span id=&quot;more-273&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: Georgia,&amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif;&quot;&gt;Skala Pogson untuk magnitudo (semu):&lt;br /&gt;
m&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt; – m&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; = -2,5log(E&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;/E&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;)&lt;br /&gt;
dengan :&lt;br /&gt;
m&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt; : magnitudo (semu) bintang 1&lt;br /&gt;
m&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; : magnitudo (semu) bintang 2&lt;br /&gt;
E&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt; : Fluks pancaran yang diterima pengamat dari bintang 1&lt;br /&gt;
E&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; : Fluks pancaran yang diterima pengamat dari bintang 2&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: Georgia,&amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif;&quot;&gt;Harga acuan (pembanding standar) skala magnitudo mula-mula digunakan  bintang Polaris. Bintang Polaris ditetapkan memiliki magnitudo 2 dan  bintang lainnya dibandingkan terhadap bintang Polaris. Bintang Polaris,  yang juga bintang kutub langit utara, dipilih karena bintang ini  terlihat dari seluruh observatorium yang ada di belahan bumi utara  (karena pada masa itu, belahan bumi utara lebih berkembang dan maju  secara teknologi). Namun, bintang ini ternyata memiliki kecerlangan yang  berubah-ubah (Polaris ternyata adalah sebuah bintang variabel Cepheid)  sehingga kecerlangan Polaris tidak bisa digunakan sebagai  patokan/standar baku. Oleh sebab itu, astronom menentukan bintang –  bintang lainnya untuk dijadikan standar.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: Georgia,&amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif;&quot;&gt;Untuk mengukur kecerlangan suatu bintang digunakan alat yang  dinamakan fotometer. Prinsip kerjanya adalah dengan memanfaatkan gejala  fotolistrik. Efek fotolistrik inilah yang membuat Einstein memperoleh  hadiah Nobel (dan bukan karena hukum relativitas). Penerapan efek  fotolistrik ini antara lain diterapkan pada sel surya, chip CCD, dll.  Cahaya (atau gelombang elektromagnetik lainnya) ketika menyentuh  kelompok bahan tertentu akan menyebabkan elektron yang ada di permukaan  bahan akan terlepas. Jumlah elektron yang terlepas tergantung dari  intensitas radiasi gelombang elektromagnetik yang diterimanya. Jumlah  elektron yang dihasilkan ini dapat menghasikan arus listrik yang dapat  kita ukur. Dengan prinsip inilah, kita dapat mengukur intensitas cahaya  sebuah bintang.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: Georgia,&amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif;&quot;&gt;Cara terbaik untuk mengukur magnitudo adalah dengan membandingkan  kecerlangan suatu bintang dengan bintang standar yang ada di dekatnya.  Hal ini disebabkan perbedaan keadaan atmosfer antara kedua bintang  (bintang standar dan bintang program/yang diamati) tidaklah besar.  Atmosfer Bumi dapat menyerap sebagian cahaya bintang dan besarnya  penyerapan tergantung dari ketinggian dan kondisi atmosfer yang dilewati  cahaya bintang sebelum sampai ke detektor pengamat. Pada saat ini,  sudah banyak bintang standar, baik di langit belahan utara maupun  selatan.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: Georgia,&amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif;&quot;&gt;Magnitudo yang kita bahas di atas merupakan ukuran terang bintang  yang kita lihat atau terang semu (ada faktor jarak dan penyerapan yang  harus diperhitungkan). Magnitudo yang menyatakan ukuran fluks energi  bintang yang kita terima/ukuran terang bintang yang kita lihat/jumlah  foton yang kita terima disebut magnitudo semu (apparent magnitude).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: Georgia,&amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif;&quot;&gt;Untuk menyatakan luminositas atau kuat sebenarnya sebuah bintang,  kita definisikan besaran magnitudo mutlak (intrinsic/absolute  magnitude), yaitu magnitudo bintang yang diandaikan diamati dari jarak  10 pc.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: Georgia,&amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif;&quot;&gt;Skala Pogson untuk magnitudo mutlak (M) :&lt;br /&gt;
M&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt; – M&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; = -2,5log(L&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;/L&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;)&lt;br /&gt;
dengan :&lt;br /&gt;
M&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt; : magnitudo mutlak bintang 1&lt;br /&gt;
M&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; : magnitudo mutlak bintang 2&lt;br /&gt;
L&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt; : Luminositas bintang 1&lt;br /&gt;
L&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; : Luminositas bintang 2&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: Georgia,&amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif;&quot;&gt;Hubungan antara magnitudo semu (m) dan magnitudo mutlak (M) disebut modulus jarak.&lt;br /&gt;
m – M = -5 + 5 log d&lt;br /&gt;
dengan d adalah jarak bintang (dalam pc) dan (m-M) disebut modulus jarak.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: Georgia,&amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif;&quot;&gt;Persamaan modulus jarak umumnya digunakan dalam menentukan jarak  bintang-bintang yang jauh secara tidak langsung (metode indirect).  Seperti yang sudah pernah dibahas sebelumnya bahwa metode paralaks  trigonometri hanya bisa menentukan jarak secara akurat untuk beberapa  bintang dengan jarak kurang dari 500 pc. Untuk bintang yang lebih jauh  lagi, perlu digunakan metode-metode tak langsung (indirect). Salah  satunya adalah dengan mengukur magnitudo semu bintang lalu memperkirakan  magnitudo mutlaknya. Cara memperkirakan magnitudo mutlak ini banyak  metode/caranya. Dengan mengetahui magnitudo semu dan perkiraan magnitudo  mutlak, maka kita bisa memperkirakan jarak suatu bintang dengan modulus  jarak.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: Georgia,&amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif;&quot;&gt;Hal yang perlu diperhatikan adalah persamaan modulus jarak di atas  valid/benar/akurat jika diasumsikan tidak ada materi antar bintang yang  terletak di antara arah pandang kita ke bintang. Materi antar bintang  tersebut dapat mengabsorpsi sebagian cahaya bintang. Jika keberadaan  serapan oleh materi antar bintang (MAB) tidak diabaikan, maka persamaan  modulus jaraknya :&lt;br /&gt;
m – M = -5 + 5 log d + A&lt;sub&gt;V&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
dengan A&lt;sub&gt;V&lt;/sub&gt; : konstanta serapan materi antar bintang.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: Georgia,&amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif;&quot;&gt;Contoh:&lt;br /&gt;
Magnitudo mutlak sebuah bintang adalah M = 5 dan magnitudo semunya  adalah m = 10. Jika absorpsi oleh materi antar bintang diabaikan,  berapakah jarak bintang tersebut ?&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: Georgia,&amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif;&quot;&gt;Jawab :  m = 10 dan M = 5, dari rumus Pogson&lt;br /&gt;
m – M  = -5 + 5 log d&lt;br /&gt;
diperoleh,  10 – 5  = -5 + 5 log d&lt;br /&gt;
5 log d = 10&lt;br /&gt;
log d = 2 –&amp;gt; d = 100 pc&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: Georgia,&amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif;&quot;&gt;Sebelum perkembangan fotografi, magnitudo bintang ditentukan dengan  mata. Kepekaan mata untuk daerah panjang gelombang yang berbeda tidak  sama. Mata terutama peka untuk cahaya kuning hijau di daerah λ = 5 500  Å, karena itu magnitudo yang diukur pada daerah ini disebut magnitudo  visual atau m&lt;sub&gt;vis&lt;/sub&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: Georgia,&amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif;&quot;&gt;Dengan berkembangnya fotografi, magnitudo bintang selanjutnya  ditentukan secara fotografi. Pada awal fotografi, emulsi fotografi  mempunyai kepekaan di daerah biru-ungu pada panjang gelombang sekitar  4.500 Å. Magnitudo yang diukur pada daerah ini disebut magnitudo  fotografi atau m&lt;sub&gt;fot&lt;/sub&gt; .&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: Georgia,&amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif;&quot;&gt;Jadi, untuk suatu bintang, m&lt;sub&gt;vis&lt;/sub&gt; berbeda dari m&lt;sub&gt;fot&lt;/sub&gt;. Selisih kedua magnitudo tersebut, yaitu magnitudo fotografi dikurang magnitudo visual disebut indeks warna (Color Index – CI).&lt;br /&gt;
Semakin panas atau makin biru suatu bintang, semakin kecil indeks warnanya.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: Georgia,&amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif;&quot;&gt;Dengan berkembangnya fotografi, selanjutnya dapat dibuat pelat foto  yang peka terhadap daerah panjang gelombang lainnya, seperti kuning,  merah bahkan inframerah.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: Georgia,&amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif;&quot;&gt;Pada tahun 1951, H.L. Johnson dan W.W. Morgan mengajukan sistem magnitudo yang disebut sistem UBV, yaitu :&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: Georgia,&amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;U&lt;/em&gt; = magnitudo semu dalam daerah ultraungu (&lt;em&gt;λ&lt;sub&gt;ef&lt;/sub&gt; = &lt;/em&gt;3500 Å)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;B&lt;/em&gt; = magnitudo semu dalam daerah biru (&lt;em&gt; λef = &lt;/em&gt;4350 Å)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;V&lt;/em&gt; = magnitudo semu dalam daerah visual ( &lt;em&gt;λef = &lt;/em&gt;5550 Å)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: Georgia,&amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif;&quot;&gt;Dalam sistem UBV ini, indeks warna adalah U-B dan B-V. Semakin panas suatu bintang, semakin kecil nilai (B-V) nya.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: Georgia,&amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif;&quot;&gt;Dewasa ini pengamatan fotometri tidak lagi menggunakan pelat film,  tetapi dilakukan dengan kamera CCD, sehingga untuk menentukan  bermacam-macam sistem magnitudo tergantung pada filter yang digunakan.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: Georgia,&amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif;&quot;&gt;Contoh:&lt;br /&gt;
Tiga bintang diamati magnitudo dalam panjang gelombang visual (V) dan biru (B) seperti yang diperlihatkan dalam tabel di bawah.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;table align=&quot;left&quot; border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia,&amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt; &lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;59&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;No.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;68&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;B&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;68&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;V&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt; &lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;59&quot;&gt;1&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;68&quot;&gt;8,52&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;68&quot;&gt;8,82&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt; &lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;59&quot;&gt;2&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;68&quot;&gt;7,45&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;68&quot;&gt;7,25&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt; &lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;59&quot;&gt;3&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;68&quot;&gt;7,45&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;68&quot;&gt;6,35&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt; &lt;/table&gt;&lt;ol style=&quot;font-family: Georgia,&amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;li&gt;Tentukan bintang nomor berapakah yang paling terang ? Jelaskanlah alasannya&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Bintang yang anda pilih sebagai bintang yang paling terang itu dalam  kenyataannya apakah benar-benar merupakan bintang yang paling terang ?  Jelaskanlah jawaban anda.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tentukanlah bintang mana yang paling panas dan mana yang paling dingin. Jelaskanlah alasannya.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ol&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: Georgia,&amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif;&quot;&gt;Jawab:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;ol style=&quot;font-family: Georgia,&amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;li&gt;Bintang paling terang adalah bintang yang magnitudo visualnya paling  kecil. Dari tabel tampak bahwa bintang yang magnitudo visualnya paling  kecil adalah bintang no. 3, jadi bintang yang paling terang adalah  bintang no. 3&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Belum tentu karena terang suatu bintang bergantung pada jaraknya ke  pengamat seperti terlihat pada rumus yang sudah dijelaskan sebelumnya.  Oleh karena itu bintang yang sangat terang bisa tampak sangat lemah  cahayanya karena jaraknya yang jauh.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Untuk menjawab pertanyaan-pertanyaan ini kita tentukan dahulu indeks  warna ketiga bintang tersebut, karena makin panas atau makin biru  sebuah bintang maka semakin kecil indeks warnanya.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ol&gt;&lt;table align=&quot;left&quot; border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia,&amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; width: 314px;&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt; &lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;134&quot;&gt; &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Nomor bintang&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;58&quot;&gt; &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;B&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;58&quot;&gt; &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;V&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;65&quot;&gt; &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;B – V&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt; &lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;134&quot;&gt; &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;1.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;58&quot;&gt; &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;8,52&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;58&quot;&gt; &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;8,82&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;65&quot;&gt; &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;-0,30&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt; &lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;134&quot;&gt; &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;2.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;58&quot;&gt; &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;7,45&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;58&quot;&gt; &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;7,25&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;65&quot;&gt; &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;0,20&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt; &lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;134&quot;&gt; &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;3.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;58&quot;&gt; &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;7,45&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;58&quot;&gt; &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;6,35&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;65&quot;&gt; &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;1,10&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt; &lt;/table&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: Georgia,&amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif;&quot;&gt;Dari tabel di atas tampak bahwa bintang yang mempunyai indeks warna  terkecil adalah bintang no. 1. Jadi bintang terpanas adalah bintang no.  1.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: Georgia,&amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif;&quot;&gt;Magnitudo Bolometrik&lt;br /&gt;
Sistem magnitudo yang sudah kita bahas di atas hanya diukur pada panjang gelombang tertentu saja (m&lt;sub&gt;vis&lt;/sub&gt;,m&lt;sub&gt;fot&lt;/sub&gt;,m&lt;sub&gt;B&lt;/sub&gt;,m&lt;sub&gt;U&lt;/sub&gt;).  Walaupun berbagai magnitudo tersebut dapat menggambarkan sebaran energi  pada spektrum bintang sehingga dapat memberikan petunjuk mengenai  temperaturnya, namun belum dapat memberikan informasi mengenai sebaran  energi pada seluruh panjang gelombang yang dipancarkan oleh suatu  bintang. Oleh sebab itu, didefinisikanlah sistem magnitudo bolometrik (m&lt;sub&gt;bol&lt;/sub&gt;) yang menyatakan magnitudo bintang yang diukur dalam seluruh panjang gelombang.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: Georgia,&amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif;&quot;&gt;Magnitudo mutlak bolometrik bintang sangat penting karena dapat  digunakan untuk mengetahui luminositas dari sebuah bintang (energi total  yang dipancarkan permukaan bintang per detik) dengan membandingkannya  dengan magnitudo mutlak bolometrik Matahari.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgJt1O-MZ88LCnhqiDnE1qEqlgp9akzO3Z-piXVN80-ptdC_cBc8AWopk4bUoUMXs13i7zIfxSS1LhXmdzyTD-CFbCOqZVEWyF4RrkH270adfY_R76__XTMLP7aWer4uvW2La2b9BQ7gAh0/s1600-h/mag+bolometrik.jpg&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; id=&quot;BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5255220461896931602&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgJt1O-MZ88LCnhqiDnE1qEqlgp9akzO3Z-piXVN80-ptdC_cBc8AWopk4bUoUMXs13i7zIfxSS1LhXmdzyTD-CFbCOqZVEWyF4RrkH270adfY_R76__XTMLP7aWer4uvW2La2b9BQ7gAh0/s400/mag+bolometrik.jpg&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;Dengan M&lt;sub&gt;bol&lt;/sub&gt; = magnitudo mutlak bolometrik bintang&lt;br /&gt;
M&lt;sub&gt;bol&lt;/sub&gt;¤  = magnitudo mutlak bolometrik Matahari (4,74)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: Georgia,&amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif;&quot;&gt;Persamaan modulus jarak untuk magnitudo bolometrik (absorpsi MAB diabaikan):&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;m&lt;sub&gt;bol&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; – &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;M&lt;sub&gt;bol&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; = -5 + 5log d&lt;br /&gt;
dengan d dalam parsec.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: Georgia,&amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif;&quot;&gt;Apabila M&lt;sub&gt;bol&lt;/sub&gt; suatu bintang dapat ditentukan, maka  luminositasnya juga dapat ditentukan (dapat dinyatakan dalan luminositas  Matahari). Luminositas bintang merupakan parameter yang sangat penting  dalam teori evolusi bintang. Sayangnya, magnitudo mutlak bolometrik  sangat sukar ditentukan, karena beberapa panjang gelombang tidak dapat  menembus atmosfer bumi. Untuk bintang yang panas, sebagian energinya  dipancarkan pada daerah ultraviolet. Untuk bintang yang dingin, sebagian  energinya dipancarkan pada daerah inframerah. Oleh karena itu,  pengamatan magnitudo bolometrik harus dilakukan di atas atmosfer.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: Georgia,&amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif;&quot;&gt;Untuk memudahkan, magnitudo bolometrik ditentukan secara teori  berdasarkan pengamatan di bumi. Atau, dapat ditentukan secara tidak  langsung, yaitu dengan memberikan koreksi pada magnitudo visualnya, yang  disebut koreksi bolometrik (Bolometric Correction – BC).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia,&amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;m&lt;sub&gt;v&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/em&gt; – &lt;em&gt;m&lt;sub&gt;bol&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/em&gt; = BC&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia,&amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;M&lt;sub&gt;v&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/em&gt; – &lt;em&gt;M&lt;sub&gt;bol&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/em&gt; = BC&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: Georgia,&amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif;&quot;&gt;Nilai BC tergantung pada temperatur atau warna bintang.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: Georgia,&amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif;&quot;&gt;Untuk bintang yang sangat panas, sebagian besar energinya dipancarkan  pada daerah ultraviolet sedangkan untuk bintang yang sangat dingin,  sebagian besar energinya dipancarkan pada daerah inframerah (hanya  sebagian kecil saja pada daerah visual). Untuk bintang-bintang seperti  ini, harga BC-nya besar. Untuk bintang-bintang yang bertemperatur  sedang, sebagian besar energinya dipancarkan pada daerah visual,  sehingga harga BC-nya kecil.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: Georgia,&amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif;&quot;&gt;Karena harga BC bergantung pada warna bintang, maka kita dapat  mencari hubungan antara BC dan indeks warna (B-V). Untuk bintang yang  dapat ditentukan magnitudo bolometriknya. Didefinisikan bahwa harga  terkecil BC adalah nol (BC ≥ 0). Untuk BC = 0 untuk (B-V) = 0,3.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: Georgia,&amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif;&quot;&gt;Hubungan antara nilai BC dengan indeks warna (CI) ditunjukkan dalam grafik di bawah ini:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjlhteUgzMxAnt1kK1rBdP1IFqvyKSt9NhR3mmLmDCu3hnIIUB8OJcayU-b7PaDR1qgcq3JFidiNvvzBovNaJMS7d_XNIf-LY5lD2flMHOQYsjP0Cm6qGKM4kJ0fS866SPxrlkc-YjaS-5z/s1600-h/hub+BC+dengan+indeks+warna+%28CI%29.png&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; id=&quot;BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5255220465870276786&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjlhteUgzMxAnt1kK1rBdP1IFqvyKSt9NhR3mmLmDCu3hnIIUB8OJcayU-b7PaDR1qgcq3JFidiNvvzBovNaJMS7d_XNIf-LY5lD2flMHOQYsjP0Cm6qGKM4kJ0fS866SPxrlkc-YjaS-5z/s400/hub+BC+dengan+indeks+warna+%28CI%29.png&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: Georgia,&amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif;&quot;&gt;Untuk Matahari, magnitudo bolometriknya (&lt;em&gt;m&lt;sub&gt;bol&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sub&gt;¤&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/em&gt;) = -26,83, magnitudo mutlak bolometriknya adalah &lt;em&gt;M&lt;sub&gt;bol&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sub&gt;¤&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/em&gt;  = 4,74 dan koreksi bolometriknya BC = 0,08. Berikut disajikan tabel  temperatur efektif dan koreksi bolometrik untuk bintang-bintang deret  utama dan bintang maharaksasa.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;table align=&quot;left&quot; border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia,&amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; width: 417px;&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt; &lt;td rowspan=&quot;2&quot; width=&quot;69&quot;&gt; &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;B – V&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;176&quot;&gt; &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Bintang deret utama&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;171&quot;&gt; &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Bintang maharaksasa&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt; &lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;73&quot;&gt; &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;T&lt;sub&gt;ef&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;103&quot;&gt; &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;BC&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;63&quot;&gt; &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;T&lt;sub&gt;ef&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;108&quot;&gt; &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;BC&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt; &lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;69&quot;&gt; &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;- 0,25&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;73&quot;&gt; &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;24500&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;103&quot;&gt; &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;2,30&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;63&quot;&gt; &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;26000&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;108&quot;&gt; &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;2,20&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt; &lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;69&quot;&gt; &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;- 0,23&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;73&quot;&gt; &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;21000&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;103&quot;&gt; &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;2,15&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;63&quot;&gt; &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;23500&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;108&quot;&gt; &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;2,05&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt; &lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;69&quot;&gt; &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;- 0,20&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;73&quot;&gt; &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;17700&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;103&quot;&gt; &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;1,80&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;63&quot;&gt; &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;19100&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;108&quot;&gt; &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;1,72&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt; &lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;69&quot;&gt; &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;- 0,15&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;73&quot;&gt; &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;14000&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;103&quot;&gt; &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;1,20&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;63&quot;&gt; &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;14500&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;108&quot;&gt; &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;1,12&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt; &lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;69&quot;&gt; &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;- 0,10&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;73&quot;&gt; &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;11800&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;103&quot;&gt; &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;0,61&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;63&quot;&gt; &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;12700&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;108&quot;&gt; &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;0,53&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt; &lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;69&quot;&gt; &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;- 0,01&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;73&quot;&gt; &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;10500&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;103&quot;&gt; &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;0,33&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;63&quot;&gt; &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;11000&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;108&quot;&gt; &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;0,14&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt; &lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;69&quot;&gt; &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;0,00&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;73&quot;&gt; &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;9480&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;103&quot;&gt; &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;0,15&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;63&quot;&gt; &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;9800&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;108&quot;&gt; &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;- 0,01&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt; &lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;69&quot;&gt; &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;0,10&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;73&quot;&gt; &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;8530&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;103&quot;&gt; &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;0,04&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;63&quot;&gt; &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;8500&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;108&quot;&gt; &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;- 0,09&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt; &lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;69&quot;&gt; &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;0,20&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;73&quot;&gt; &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;7910&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;103&quot;&gt; &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;0&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;63&quot;&gt; &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;7440&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;108&quot;&gt; &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;- 0,10&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt; &lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;69&quot;&gt; &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;0,30&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;73&quot;&gt; &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;7450&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;103&quot;&gt; &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;0&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;63&quot;&gt; &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;6800&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;108&quot;&gt; &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;- 0,10&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt; &lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;69&quot;&gt; &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;0,40&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;73&quot;&gt; &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;6800&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;103&quot;&gt; &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;0&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;63&quot;&gt; &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;6370&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;108&quot;&gt; &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;- 0,09&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt; &lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;69&quot;&gt; &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;0,50&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;73&quot;&gt; &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;6310&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;103&quot;&gt; &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;0,03&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;63&quot;&gt; &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;6020&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;108&quot;&gt; &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;- 0,07&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt; &lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;69&quot;&gt; &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;0,60&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;73&quot;&gt; &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;5910&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;103&quot;&gt; &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;0,07&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;63&quot;&gt; &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;5800&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;108&quot;&gt; &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;- 0,003&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt; &lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;69&quot;&gt; &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;0,70&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;73&quot;&gt; &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;5540&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;103&quot;&gt; &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;0,12&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;63&quot;&gt; &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;546&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;108&quot;&gt; &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;0,003&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt; &lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;69&quot;&gt; &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;0,80&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;73&quot;&gt; &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;5330&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;103&quot;&gt; &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;0,19&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;63&quot;&gt; &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;5200&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;108&quot;&gt; &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;0,10&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt; &lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;69&quot;&gt; &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;0,90&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;73&quot;&gt; &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;5090&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;103&quot;&gt; &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;0,28&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;63&quot;&gt; &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;4980&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;108&quot;&gt; &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;0,19&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt; &lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;69&quot;&gt; &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;1,00&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;73&quot;&gt; &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;4840&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;103&quot;&gt; &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;0,40&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;63&quot;&gt; &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;4770&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;108&quot;&gt; &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;0,30&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt; &lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;69&quot;&gt; &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;1,20&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;73&quot;&gt; &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;4350&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;103&quot;&gt; &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;0,75&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;63&quot;&gt; &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;4400&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;108&quot;&gt; &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;0,59&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt; &lt;/table&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: Georgia,&amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif;&quot;&gt;Latihan :&lt;/div&gt;&lt;ol style=&quot;font-family: Georgia,&amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;li&gt;Bintang A tampak mempunyai kecerlangan yang sama pada filter merah  dan biru. Bintang B tampak lebih terang pada filter merah daripada  filter biru. Bintang C tampak lebih terang pada filter biru daripada di  filter merah. Urutkan bintang-bintang itu berdasarkan pertambahan  temperaturnya.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;The binary star Capella has a total magnitude of 0.21&lt;sup&gt;m&lt;/sup&gt; and the two components differ in magnitude by 0.5&lt;sup&gt;m&lt;/sup&gt;. The parallax of Capella is 0.063″. Calculate the absolute magnitudes of the two components.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;There are about 250 millions of the stars in the elliptical galaxy  M32. The visual magnitude of this galaxy is 9. If the luminosities of  all are equal, what is the visual magnitude of one star in this galaxy?&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Two stars have the same apparent magnitude and are of the same  spectral type. One is twice as far away as the other. What is the  relative size of the two stars?&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Sebuah galaksi diamati memiliki magnitudo visual m&lt;sub&gt;V&lt;/sub&gt; = 21. Magnitudo ini berasosiasi dengan energi dari 10&lt;sup&gt;11&lt;/sup&gt;  bintang yang ada di dalamnya (terdiri dari 3 jenis). Perkirakan/hitung  jarak galaksi tersebut. Untuk itu gunakan asumsi sebagai berikut&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ol&gt;&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia,&amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt; &lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;106&quot;&gt; &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Jenis   bintang&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;186&quot;&gt; &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;M&lt;sub&gt;V&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;190&quot;&gt; &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Jumlah   (%)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt; &lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;106&quot;&gt; &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;a&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;186&quot;&gt; &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;1&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;190&quot;&gt; &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;20&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt; &lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;106&quot;&gt; &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;b&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;186&quot;&gt; &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;4&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;190&quot;&gt; &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;50&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt; &lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;106&quot;&gt; &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;c&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;186&quot;&gt; &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;6&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;190&quot;&gt; &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;30&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt; &lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://govindaastronomy.blogspot.com/feeds/5368455373395646916/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://govindaastronomy.blogspot.com/2011/01/fotometri.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1684678318395006462/posts/default/5368455373395646916'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1684678318395006462/posts/default/5368455373395646916'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://govindaastronomy.blogspot.com/2011/01/fotometri.html' title='Fotometri'/><author><name>govinda al-araaf</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/04830455143926099450</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='24' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEivFjh-ec6xR2QdD35_nkpjlQluJ0naBWVQG5rHngTgEm2M5LSUGFwULnSENRwZaf8CVTRed6mE_n5IeWldRFIV_3vfbHOea_Wu1rhW2dgaXil302JwD-kwkoFiEeJh/s220/09122010154.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgJt1O-MZ88LCnhqiDnE1qEqlgp9akzO3Z-piXVN80-ptdC_cBc8AWopk4bUoUMXs13i7zIfxSS1LhXmdzyTD-CFbCOqZVEWyF4RrkH270adfY_R76__XTMLP7aWer4uvW2La2b9BQ7gAh0/s72-c/mag+bolometrik.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1684678318395006462.post-1981626031933090010</id><published>2011-01-22T16:28:00.002+09:00</published><updated>2011-01-23T08:55:50.692+09:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="soal-soal"/><title type='text'>Soal astronomi gabungan</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; trbidi=&quot;on&quot;&gt;&lt;m:smallfrac m:val=&quot;off&quot;&gt;    &lt;m:dispdef&gt;    &lt;m:lmargin m:val=&quot;0&quot;&gt;    &lt;m:rmargin m:val=&quot;0&quot;&gt;    &lt;m:defjc m:val=&quot;centerGroup&quot;&gt;    &lt;m:wrapindent m:val=&quot;1440&quot;&gt;    &lt;m:intlim m:val=&quot;subSup&quot;&gt;    &lt;m:narylim m:val=&quot;undOvr&quot;&gt;   &lt;/m:narylim&gt;&lt;/m:intlim&gt; &lt;/m:wrapindent&gt;  &lt;/m:defjc&gt;&lt;/m:rmargin&gt;&lt;/m:lmargin&gt;&lt;/m:dispdef&gt;&lt;/m:smallfrac&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot;&gt;1.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot;&gt;Sebuah satelit diluncurkan pada tanggal 23 maret 1987 dan mengorbit bumi pada ketinggian 1300 km ketika diluncurkan satelit ini dibiarkan hingga jatuh perlahan-lahan di bumi. Jika pada tanggal 19 oktober 1996 satelit telah jatuh dibumi. Hitung berapa kali revolusi satelit tersebut jika satu kali revolusi satelit membutuhkan waktu 82 menit dan berapakah jarak yang ditempuh!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot;&gt;2.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot;&gt;Berpakah perbandingan gaya tarik gravitasi yang dirasakan oleh sebuah pesawat ruang angkasa yang berjarak 3,6 AU di bandingkan dengan planet jupiter yang berjarak 5,2 AU?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot;&gt;3.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot;&gt;Sebuah satelit mengorbit pada ketinggian 1200 km di atas permukaan bumi setiap 0,73 jam. Jika akan ditempatkan sebuah satelit baru pada ketinggian 2100 km berapakah waktu yang dibutuhmkan satelit tersebut untuk mengedari bumi?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot;&gt;4.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot;&gt;Paralaks sebuah bintang jika dilihat dari bumi adalah 0,”023, jika di ukur dari sebuah pesawat ruang angkasa yang mengelilingi matahari adalah 0,”019. Hitung berapa jarak antara pasawat tersebut ke bintang?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot;&gt;5.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot;&gt;Paralaks sebuah bintang yang diukur dari bumi adalah 0,”12, berapakah besar paralaks yang diukur dari bulan yang berjarak 0,0024 AU?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://govindaastronomy.blogspot.com/feeds/1981626031933090010/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://govindaastronomy.blogspot.com/2011/01/soal-astronomi-gabungan.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1684678318395006462/posts/default/1981626031933090010'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1684678318395006462/posts/default/1981626031933090010'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://govindaastronomy.blogspot.com/2011/01/soal-astronomi-gabungan.html' title='Soal astronomi gabungan'/><author><name>govinda al-araaf</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/04830455143926099450</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='24' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEivFjh-ec6xR2QdD35_nkpjlQluJ0naBWVQG5rHngTgEm2M5LSUGFwULnSENRwZaf8CVTRed6mE_n5IeWldRFIV_3vfbHOea_Wu1rhW2dgaXil302JwD-kwkoFiEeJh/s220/09122010154.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1684678318395006462.post-7528591405503332569</id><published>2011-01-21T14:44:00.004+09:00</published><updated>2011-01-21T14:54:53.897+09:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="soal-soal"/><title type='text'>Soal-soal fotometri(astronomi)</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; trbidi=&quot;on&quot;&gt;&lt;m:smallfrac m:val=&quot;off&quot;&gt;    &lt;m:dispdef&gt;    &lt;m:lmargin m:val=&quot;0&quot;&gt;    &lt;m:rmargin m:val=&quot;0&quot;&gt;    &lt;m:defjc m:val=&quot;centerGroup&quot;&gt;    &lt;m:wrapindent m:val=&quot;1440&quot;&gt;    &lt;m:intlim m:val=&quot;subSup&quot;&gt;    &lt;m:narylim m:val=&quot;undOvr&quot;&gt;   &lt;/m:narylim&gt;&lt;/m:intlim&gt; &lt;/m:wrapindent&gt;  &lt;/m:defjc&gt;&lt;/m:rmargin&gt;&lt;/m:lmargin&gt;&lt;/m:dispdef&gt;&lt;/m:smallfrac&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 20pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 21.3pt; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;1.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Berapakah kecerlangan sebuah bintang jika jaraknya di jauhkan 4 kali semula?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 21.3pt; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;2.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Jika bumi menerima energi dari matahari sebesar 1380 watt/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;. Berapakah energi yang diterima planet jupiter yang bejarak 5,3 AU?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 21.3pt; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;3.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Jika bintang A memiliki luminositas 4 kali bintang B dan memiliki jari-jari ½ kali bintang B, serta jarak antara bintang B dengan bumi 4 kali jarak bintang A ke bumi. Hitung perbandingan fluks pancaran kedua bintang tersebut?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 21.3pt; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;4.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Hitunglah jari-jari bintang X dengan temperatur efektif 6000&lt;sup&gt;o&lt;/sup&gt;K dan memiliki luminositas 1,36 x 10&lt;sup&gt;25&lt;/sup&gt;J/s. Jika ketetapan steven-boltzman bernilai&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;s&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt; = 5,67 x 10&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;8&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt; J dt&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt; m&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt; K&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;4&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 21.3pt; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;5.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Sebuah satelit mengelilingi matahari, berebentuk bola dan dianggap sebagai benda hitam sempurna(black body). Satelit ini secara berkesinambungan memberikan data mengenai temperatur efektif matahari ke stasiun pengontrol di bumi. Dari hasil revolusi didapatkan data temperatur terendah adalah 3000&lt;sup&gt;0&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;K dan temperatur tertinggi 4126&lt;sup&gt;0&lt;/sup&gt;K. Tentukan eksentrisitas satelit tersebut serta panjang sumbu ½ mayor! &amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://govindaastronomy.blogspot.com/feeds/7528591405503332569/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://govindaastronomy.blogspot.com/2011/01/soal-soal-biometrikastronomi.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1684678318395006462/posts/default/7528591405503332569'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1684678318395006462/posts/default/7528591405503332569'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://govindaastronomy.blogspot.com/2011/01/soal-soal-biometrikastronomi.html' title='Soal-soal fotometri(astronomi)'/><author><name>govinda al-araaf</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/04830455143926099450</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='24' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEivFjh-ec6xR2QdD35_nkpjlQluJ0naBWVQG5rHngTgEm2M5LSUGFwULnSENRwZaf8CVTRed6mE_n5IeWldRFIV_3vfbHOea_Wu1rhW2dgaXil302JwD-kwkoFiEeJh/s220/09122010154.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1684678318395006462.post-7016582244516517788</id><published>2011-01-21T12:36:00.001+09:00</published><updated>2011-01-21T14:50:29.670+09:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="soal-soal"/><title type='text'>soal-soal magnitudo/exercises of magnitude</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; trbidi=&quot;on&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;m:smallfrac m:val=&quot;off&quot;&gt;    &lt;m:dispdef&gt;    &lt;m:lmargin m:val=&quot;0&quot;&gt;    &lt;m:rmargin m:val=&quot;0&quot;&gt;    &lt;m:defjc m:val=&quot;centerGroup&quot;&gt;    &lt;m:wrapindent m:val=&quot;1440&quot;&gt;    &lt;m:intlim m:val=&quot;subSup&quot;&gt;    &lt;m:narylim m:val=&quot;undOvr&quot;&gt;   &lt;/m:narylim&gt;&lt;/m:intlim&gt; &lt;/m:wrapindent&gt;  &lt;/m:defjc&gt;&lt;/m:rmargin&gt;&lt;/m:lmargin&gt;&lt;/m:dispdef&gt;&lt;/m:smallfrac&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot;&gt;1.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot;&gt;Sebuah bintang dengan magnitudo&amp;nbsp; semu m= -2,3 memliki jarak d= 37 tahun cahaya. Hitung besar magnitudo mutlak (M) bintang terebut?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot;&gt;2.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot;&gt;Sebuah bintang yang memiliki jarak 12pc memiliki magnitudo mutlak 3,5. Tentukan berapa besar magnitudo semu bintang tersebut?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot;&gt;3.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot;&gt;Magnitudo sebuah bintang adalah 2,5. Jika sudut paralaksnya adalah 0”,0012. Hitung magnitudo mutlaknya! Hitung juga perbandingan luminositasnya dengan&amp;nbsp; matahari dimana magnitudo mutlak matahari 4.82!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot;&gt;4.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot;&gt;Magnitudo semu bintang A adalah -1.6. Sedangkan radius bintang B ¾ kali bintang bintang A, dan temperatur efektif bintang A &amp;nbsp;2 ¼ kali bintang B. Jarak bintang B terhadap pengamat lebih dekat ¼ kali. Hitung magnitudo semu bintang B?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot;&gt;5.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot;&gt;Star X and Y have the same relative magnitude. If star A has a luminosity equal to two times that of star B, and is 7 lyr away, how far away is star B? &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://govindaastronomy.blogspot.com/feeds/7016582244516517788/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://govindaastronomy.blogspot.com/2011/01/soal-soal-magnitudoexercise-of.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1684678318395006462/posts/default/7016582244516517788'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1684678318395006462/posts/default/7016582244516517788'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://govindaastronomy.blogspot.com/2011/01/soal-soal-magnitudoexercise-of.html' title='soal-soal magnitudo/exercises of magnitude'/><author><name>govinda al-araaf</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/04830455143926099450</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='24' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEivFjh-ec6xR2QdD35_nkpjlQluJ0naBWVQG5rHngTgEm2M5LSUGFwULnSENRwZaf8CVTRed6mE_n5IeWldRFIV_3vfbHOea_Wu1rhW2dgaXil302JwD-kwkoFiEeJh/s220/09122010154.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1684678318395006462.post-4618424632262579545</id><published>2011-01-17T15:19:00.000+09:00</published><updated>2011-01-17T15:19:09.494+09:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="soal-soal"/><title type='text'>Soal - soal Latihan</title><content type='html'>&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt;  &lt;w:WordDocument&gt;   &lt;w:View&gt;Normal&lt;/w:View&gt;   &lt;w:Zoom&gt;0&lt;/w:Zoom&gt;   &lt;w:TrackMoves/&gt;   &lt;w:TrackFormatting/&gt;   &lt;w:PunctuationKerning/&gt;   &lt;w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/&gt;   &lt;w:SaveIfXMLInvalid&gt;false&lt;/w:SaveIfXMLInvalid&gt;   &lt;w:IgnoreMixedContent&gt;false&lt;/w:IgnoreMixedContent&gt;   &lt;w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText&gt;false&lt;/w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText&gt;   &lt;w:DoNotPromoteQF/&gt;   &lt;w:LidThemeOther&gt;EN-US&lt;/w:LidThemeOther&gt;   &lt;w:LidThemeAsian&gt;X-NONE&lt;/w:LidThemeAsian&gt;   &lt;w:LidThemeComplexScript&gt;X-NONE&lt;/w:LidThemeComplexScript&gt;   &lt;w:Compatibility&gt;    &lt;w:BreakWrappedTables/&gt;    &lt;w:SnapToGridInCell/&gt;    &lt;w:WrapTextWithPunct/&gt;    &lt;w:UseAsianBreakRules/&gt;    &lt;w:DontGrowAutofit/&gt;    &lt;w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/&gt;    &lt;w:DontVertAlignCellWithSp/&gt;    &lt;w:DontBreakConstrainedForcedTables/&gt;    &lt;w:DontVertAlignInTxbx/&gt;    &lt;w:Word11KerningPairs/&gt;    &lt;w:CachedColBalance/&gt;   &lt;/w:Compatibility&gt;   &lt;w:BrowserLevel&gt;MicrosoftInternetExplorer4&lt;/w:BrowserLevel&gt;   &lt;m:mathPr&gt;    &lt;m:mathFont m:val=&quot;Cambria Math&quot;/&gt;    &lt;m:brkBin m:val=&quot;before&quot;/&gt;    &lt;m:brkBinSub m:val=&quot;--&gt;    &lt;m:smallfrac m:val=&quot;off&quot;&gt;    &lt;m:dispdef&gt;    &lt;m:lmargin m:val=&quot;0&quot;&gt;    &lt;m:rmargin m:val=&quot;0&quot;&gt;    &lt;m:defjc m:val=&quot;centerGroup&quot;&gt;    &lt;m:wrapindent m:val=&quot;1440&quot;&gt;    &lt;m:intlim m:val=&quot;subSup&quot;&gt;    &lt;m:narylim m:val=&quot;undOvr&quot;&gt;   &lt;/m:narylim&gt;&lt;/m:intlim&gt; &lt;/m:wrapindent&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt;  &lt;w:LatentStyles DefLockedState=&quot;false&quot; DefUnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
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   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;65&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;66&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;67&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;68&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;69&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;70&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List Accent 5&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;71&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 5&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 5&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 5&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;60&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 6&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;61&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light List Accent 6&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;62&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 6&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;63&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;64&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;65&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;66&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;67&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;68&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;69&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;70&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List Accent 6&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;71&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 6&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 6&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 6&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;19&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Subtle Emphasis&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;21&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
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   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Subtle Reference&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;32&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Intense Reference&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;33&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Book Title&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;37&quot; Name=&quot;Bibliography&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;39&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;TOC Heading&quot;/&gt;  &lt;/w:LatentStyles&gt; &lt;/xml&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 10]&gt; &lt;style&gt;
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&lt;/style&gt; &lt;![endif]--&gt;  &lt;/m:defjc&gt;&lt;/m:rmargin&gt;&lt;/m:lmargin&gt;&lt;/m:dispdef&gt;&lt;/m:smallfrac&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 13.5pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://hansgunawan-astronomy.blogspot.com/2010/11/soal-soal-latihan.html&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;1. Bulan memerlukan waktu paling tidak 2 menit untuk terbit dilihat dari Bumi. Berapa lama Bumi memerlukan waktu untuk terbit dilihat oleh seorang pengamat dari Bulan? &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;a. 2 menit &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;b. 4 menit &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;c. 6 menit &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;d. 8 menit &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;e. Bumi tidak terbit dan tidak tenggelam &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;2. On the sunlit side of the Moon the sky appears … &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;A. white because of the extreme brilliance of the sunlight &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;B. black because the Earth blocks the light &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;C. blue due to the Moons&#39; atmosphere &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;D. black because the Moon lacks an atmosphere &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;E. black because the Moon has a dense atmosphere&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;3. You are adrift at sea, and you see a star directly overhead. You remember from your astronomy lab at N.C. State that this star has a declination of 42 degrees South, and a Right Ascension of 8 hours. From this information alone, you know that … &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;A) You are adrift at a point north latitude 42 degrees. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;B) You are adrift at a point south latitude 42 degrees. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;C) You are adrift at a point west longitude 8 degrees. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;D) You are adrift at a point south latitude 48 degrees. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;E) A and C&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;4. If you lived on the Moon, would the motion of the planets appear any different than from Earth? &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;A. The motion of the planets would not appear significantly different than on the Earth. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;B. The planets would not appear to go around the Moon. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;C. The planets would not appear to go around the Earth. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;D. The planets would not appear to go around the Sun. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;E. None of the above &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;5. You are carried away by an alien spacecraft to a different star planetary system. You are set down on a planet with cloudless skies. After some time, you notice five planets in the sky. Three retrograde after greatest eastern elongation with the &quot;sun&quot;; two at opposition. From this observation, you infer that, in a heliocentric model, you are on the _____ planet outward from the &quot;sun&quot;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;A. first &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;B. second &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;C. third &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;D. fourth &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;E. fifth &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;6. When Venus sets after sunset … &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;a. Venus is west of the sun &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;b. Venus is east of the sun &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;c. Venus could be either east or west of the sun depending on the month. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;d. it is a mistake because Venus never sets after sunset &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;e. it must be moving retrograde &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;7. Pernyataan tentang gerak planet yang tepat adalah ... &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;A. Planet Venus mungkin saja terlihat saat tengah malam &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;B. Planet Jupiter tidak mungkin tertutup oleh bulan Purnama &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;C. Planet Mars selalu nampak berdekatan dengan Matahari &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;D. Planet Merkurius tidak mungkin nampak melintas di depan piringan Matahari &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;E. Planet Saturnus bisa mengalami gerak retrogade &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;8. Peristiwa yang tidak tepat berhubungan dengan pengamat yang ada tepat di kutub utara adalah ... &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;A. Matahari paling tinggi ada di 23,50 di atas horizon &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;B. Pada bulan Desember, Matahari tidak terbit &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;C. Semua arah adalah arah selatan &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;D. Bisa mengamati rasi Centaurus di bulan-bulan tertentu &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;E. Bintang Polaris menjadi bintang sirkumpolar&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;sumber:http://hansgunawan-astronomy.blogspot.com/search/label/soal&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://govindaastronomy.blogspot.com/feeds/4618424632262579545/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://govindaastronomy.blogspot.com/2011/01/soal-soal-latihan.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1684678318395006462/posts/default/4618424632262579545'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1684678318395006462/posts/default/4618424632262579545'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://govindaastronomy.blogspot.com/2011/01/soal-soal-latihan.html' title='Soal - soal Latihan'/><author><name>govinda al-araaf</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/04830455143926099450</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='24' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEivFjh-ec6xR2QdD35_nkpjlQluJ0naBWVQG5rHngTgEm2M5LSUGFwULnSENRwZaf8CVTRed6mE_n5IeWldRFIV_3vfbHOea_Wu1rhW2dgaXil302JwD-kwkoFiEeJh/s220/09122010154.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1684678318395006462.post-6448139820318619165</id><published>2011-01-08T21:58:00.002+09:00</published><updated>2011-01-08T22:04:12.149+09:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Supernova"/><title type='text'>Supernova Tycho 432 Tahun</title><content type='html'>&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: helvetica; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Hendro Setyanto&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: helvetica; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: helvetica; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;(Observatorium Bosscha - Departemen Astronomi ITB)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;img align=&quot;right&quot; border=&quot;1&quot; hspace=&quot;5&quot; src=&quot;http://www.fisikanet.lipi.go.id/gambar/1101303297.jpg&quot; style=&quot;font-family: helvetica; font-size: small;&quot; vspace=&quot;5&quot; width=&quot;200&quot; /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;font-family: helvetica; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;font-family: helvetica; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;TEPATNYA tanggal 11 November 1572, Tycho Brahe mencatat kemunculan bintang baru-disebut nova. Dari hari ke hari kecerlangan bintang meningkat dengan cepat sehingga dapat dilihat siang hari.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;font-family: helvetica; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Kemunculan &quot;nova&quot; (berasal dari kata&amp;nbsp;&lt;i&gt;novae stella&lt;/i&gt;&amp;nbsp;yang berarti bintang baru) tahun 1572 itu tidak semata disaksikan Tycho Brahe, namun juga astronom-astronom lain zaman itu. Kemunculan sang nova sekaligus mengubah pandangan para astronom bahwa langit-begitu juga bintang-bersifat kekal dan abadi.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;font-family: helvetica; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Kemunculan &quot;nova&quot; di rasi Cassiopeia tersebut dicatat dengan teliti oleh Tycho Brahe. Kecerlangan &quot;nova&quot; menyamai kecerlangan planet Yupiter yang ketika itu berada di Rasi Pisces. Tak lama kemudian kecerlangannya menyamai kecerlangan planet Venus ketika Matahari tenggelam. Padahal, Venus merupakan obyek langit paling terang setelah Matahari dan Bulan.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;font-family: helvetica; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Kecerlangan &quot;nova&quot; terus meningkat hingga terlihat pada siang hari. Akhir November kecerlangannya meredup dan berubah warna dari putih menjadi kuning, oranye, lalu merah dan akhirnya hilang pada Maret 1574.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;font-family: helvetica; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;KATA &quot;nova&quot; kini menjadi istilah untuk fenomena ledakan bintang. Tatkala sebuah bintang meledak, maka kecerlangannya akan meningkat hingga ratusan sampai ribuan kali dari kecerlangan semula. Kecerlangan maksimum umumnya dicapai dalam orde jam dan kemudian meredup kembali dalam beberapa hari.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;font-family: helvetica; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Apabila kecerlangan sebuah bintang yang meledak mencapai jutaan bahkan miliaran kali dari kecerlangan semula, fenomena itu disebut Supernova. Kecerlangannya dapat bertahan hingga beberapa bulan.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;font-family: helvetica; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Istilah nova dan supernova menggambarkan fenomena ledakan sebuah bintang bahkan secara spektroskopi, keduanya menunjukkan garis emisi yang bergeser ke arah biru, menunjukkan adanya gas panas yang dipancarkan ke luar. Namun, ledakan supernova merupakan peristiwa cataclysmic yang menandai bahwa sebuah bintang telah mengakhiri aktivitasnya, yaitu pembangkitan energi.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;font-family: helvetica; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Berdasarkan catatan kecerlangan &quot;nova&quot; yang dibuat Tycho Brahe, astronom mengidentifikasi ledakan bintang yang terjadi ketika itu merupakan sebuah Supernova dan dikelompokkan sebagai Supernova tipe Ia, biasa ditulis SNe Ia. Gambar 1 menunjukkan sisa ledakan SNe Ia yang dipotret dengan teleskop luar angkasa, Hubble. Sisa ledakan pertama kali ditemukan 1960 di pelat foto teleskop Mt Palomar sebagai sebuah nebula yang redup.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;font-family: helvetica; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;SNe Ia dicirikan dengan keberadaan garis absorbsi Si II (silikon yang terionisasi satu kali) di sekitar 6150Å ketika kecerlangannya mencapai maksimum. Magnitudo mutlaknya dapat mencapai -19. Bandingkan dengan Matahari yang hanya 4.2, yang berarti kecerlangan Supernova dapat lebih dari 1 miliar kecerlangan Matahari.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;font-family: helvetica; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Ledakan SNe Ia, secara teori, dimungkinkan berasal dari dua mekanisme yang berasal dari dua sistem bintang ganda yang berbeda.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;font-family: helvetica; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Mekanisme pertama berasal dari pasangan bintang katai putih (bintang dengan massa seperti Matahari dan radius seukuran Bumi) dengan bintang seperti Matahari. Bintang yang seukuran Matahari tersebut mengalirkan materinya ke katai putih.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;font-family: helvetica; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Akumulasi materi yang terjadi mengakibatkan bintang katai putih melampaui batas massa, disebut sebagai batas Chandrasekar, yang diperkenankan untuk sebuah bintang katai putih. Apabila hal tersebut terjadi, muncullah ledakan termonuklir yang mahadahsyat.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;font-family: helvetica; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Mekanisme kedua berasal dari pasangan ganda bintang katai putih yang bergabung. Penggabungan kedua bintang katai putih tersebut diakibatkan oleh pancaran radiasi gravitasi yang mengakibatkan jarak kedua bintang semakin mendekat dari waktu ke waktu. Dengan kata lain kedua bintang bergerak spiral satu sama lain dan akhirnya bergabung.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;font-family: helvetica; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Akibat penggabungan adalah massa katai putih yang baru akan melampaui batas massa yang diperkenankan untuk sebuah bintang katai putih. Hal itu memicu terjadinya ledakan termonuklir yang mahadahsyat.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;font-family: helvetica; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Manakah dari kedua mekanisme di atas yang dapat menjelaskan peristiwa ledakan supernova yang diamati oleh Tycho Brahe tahun 1572?&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;font-family: helvetica; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;PENGAMATAN pada sisa ledakan supernova Tycho yang dilakukan oleh Tim Astronom Internasional dan diketuai astronom perempuan, Piuz-Lapuente, 28 Oktober 2004 berhasil menemukan keberadaan sebuah bintang seusia Matahari. Bintang sedang dalam tahap membesar menjadi bintang raksasa merah.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;font-family: helvetica; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Bintang tersebut diidentifikasi sebagai bintang seperti Matahari pasangan bintang katai putih yang selamat dari ledakan SNe. Ini karena -di antaranya-kecepatan gerak yang tiga kali dari kecepatan rata-rata bintang di sekitarnya. Telaah spektroskopi dari teleskop 4,2m W Herschel di La Palma dan teleskop 10m WM Keck di Hawaii menunjukkan bintang tersebut serupa dengan bintang-bintang di cakram Galaksi Bima Sakti.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;font-family: helvetica; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Besarnya kecepatan gerak bintang berasal dari kecepatan orbitnya yang dipertahankan ketika sistem bintang ganda itu pecah. Hal ini bagaikan sebuah batu yang dilempar dengan menggunakan kain pelempar. Adapun telaah spektroskopi menegaskan bahwa bintang tersebut tidak berasal dari daerah lain dari galaksi.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;font-family: helvetica; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Identifikasi bintang yang selamat dari bencana ledakan supernova tersebut mirip halnya ahli forensik yang coba mengidentifikasi suatu bencana. Meskipun telah terjadi 432 tahun lalu, dengan menggunakan astronomical forensic astronom berhasil menemukan salah satu korban ledakan termonuklir di lokasi ledakan yang sekarang berupa gelembung gas panas sangat besar dan terus mengembang dengan kecepatan 9.000 km/detik, disebut Sisa Ledakan Supernova Tycho.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;font-family: helvetica; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Meski temuan tersebut menjelaskan bahwa ledakan SNe Ia yang dicatat oleh Tycho bermula dari sistem bintang ganda yang terdiri dari bintang seperti Matahari yang menghantarkan massa ke bintang katai putih, bukan berarti mekanisme kedua tidak mungkin terjadi. Mekanisme kedua dari ledakan SNe Ia yang berasal dari penggabungan dua bintang katai putih tetap merupakan kemungkinan lain yang dapat terjadi. Itu karena sistem binatang ganda katai putih telah dikonfirmasi keberadaannya seperti pada sistem L870-2 (periode 1.55578 hari) dan sistem 0957-666 (periode 1.17 hari) sehingga ledakan Sne Ia akibat penggabungan dua bintang katai putih merupakan keniscayaan.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;font-family: helvetica; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;PENINGKATAN kecerlangan yang tinggi pada peristiwa supernova memungkinkan astronom untuk menjadikan peristiwa SNe Ia sebagai &quot;lilin&quot; penentu jarak. Dengan mengukur kecerlangan ledakan di suatu galaksi dan membandingkannya dengan kecerlangan Absolute SNe Ia yang telah diketahui, astronom dapat menentukan jarak galaksi tersebut dari Bumi.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;font-family: helvetica; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Di samping itu, ledakan Sne Ia dapat dipergunakan untuk menentukan konstanta Hubble dan laju percepatan pengembangan alam semesta. Dengan kata lain, pengamatan ledakan SNe Ia memberi kontribusi berarti dalam pengembangan kosmologi modern.&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://govindaastronomy.blogspot.com/feeds/6448139820318619165/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://govindaastronomy.blogspot.com/2011/01/supernova-tycho-432-tahun.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1684678318395006462/posts/default/6448139820318619165'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1684678318395006462/posts/default/6448139820318619165'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://govindaastronomy.blogspot.com/2011/01/supernova-tycho-432-tahun.html' title='Supernova Tycho 432 Tahun'/><author><name>govinda al-araaf</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/04830455143926099450</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='24' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEivFjh-ec6xR2QdD35_nkpjlQluJ0naBWVQG5rHngTgEm2M5LSUGFwULnSENRwZaf8CVTRed6mE_n5IeWldRFIV_3vfbHOea_Wu1rhW2dgaXil302JwD-kwkoFiEeJh/s220/09122010154.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1684678318395006462.post-9165143797024072093</id><published>2011-01-08T21:56:00.001+09:00</published><updated>2011-01-08T22:04:12.149+09:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Supernova"/><title type='text'>Ledakan Bintang Yang Mengubah Teori SuperNova</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style=&quot;color: #4b5161; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;; font-size: 12px; line-height: 18px;&quot;&gt;Teleskop Hubble milik NASA berhasil mengidentifikasi bintang yang satu juta kali lebih terang dari Matahari, sebelum ia meledak sebagai supernova di tahun 2005.&lt;span id=&quot;more-1468&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;color: #4b5161; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;; font-size: 12px; line-height: 18px;&quot;&gt;Yang menarik, berdasarkan teori evolusi bintang yang ada saat ini, sebuah bintang seharusnya belum menghancurkan diri sendiri di awal kehidupannya. Dengan adanya penemuan ini, bisa jadi pemahaman evolusi bintang masif yang ada selama ini memiliki kesalahan dan perlu adanya revisi.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;color: #4b5161; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;; font-size: 12px; line-height: 18px;&quot;&gt;Bintang yang meledak tersebut memiliki massa 100 kali massa Matahari dan masih terlalu muda untuk dapat mengevolusi inti besi yang masif dalam reaksi fusi nuklir. Kondisi tersebut merupakan prasyarat terjadinya keruntuhan inti yang memicu terjadinya ledakan supernova.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wp-caption alignright&quot; id=&quot;attachment_1469&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #f3f3f3; border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #4b5161; float: right; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;; font-size: 12px; line-height: 18px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 10px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 10px; padding-top: 4px; text-align: center; width: 343px;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://langitselatan.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/03/hs-2009-13-a.jpg&quot; style=&quot;color: #3b5998; outline-color: initial; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;Hubble mnemukan supernova pada bintang yang masih muda. Kredit : Hubble&quot; class=&quot;size-full wp-image-1469&quot; height=&quot;400&quot; src=&quot;http://langitselatan.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/03/hs-2009-13-a.jpg&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-style: none; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot; title=&quot;hs-2009-13-a&quot; width=&quot;333&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;wp-caption-text&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 17px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;Hubble menemukan supernova pada bintang yang masih muda. Kredit : Hubble&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;color: #4b5161; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;; font-size: 12px; line-height: 18px;&quot;&gt;Ledakan yang di identifikasi sebagai SN 2005gl terlihat pada galaksi spiral NGC 266 tanggal 5 Oktober 2005. Citra pra-ledakan yang diambil pada tahun 1997 menunjukan kalau si bintang yang meledak ini dulunya merupakan titik yang sangat terang dengan magnitudo visual absolutnya mencapai -10,3. Dengan kecerlangan seperti itu, diperkirakan ia berasal dari kelas bintang Luminous Blue Variables (LBVs), karena tidak ada bintang tipe lain yang lebih terang lagi.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;color: #4b5161; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;; font-size: 12px; line-height: 18px;&quot;&gt;Seagai bagian dari bintang kelas LBV, evolusi pada bintang untuk melepaskan massanya terjadi lewat angin bintang yang sangat dasyat. Hanya dengan cara ini, si bintang dapat membentuk inti besi yang sangat besar yang pada akhirnya meledak saat terjadi keruntuhan inti. Pada saat itulah ledakan supernova terjadi.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;color: #4b5161; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;; font-size: 12px; line-height: 18px;&quot;&gt;Di galaksi Bima Sakti, ada bintang bernama Eta Carinae yang massanya 100 massa Matahari. Eta Carinae diperkirakan mengalami kehilangan selubung hidrogennya saat ia meledak sebagai supernova. Nah, dalam penelitian tampaknya identifikasi awal menunjukan pada sebagian kasus, bintang masif akan meledak sebelum selubung hidrogen terlepas. Dengan demikian bisa dikatakan kalau evolusi inti dan evolusi selubung&amp;nbsp; tidak selamanya harus terjadi seiring, seperti yang diperkirakan selama ini. Penemuan tersebut memberi pemahaman baru untuk merevisi teori evolusi yang sudah ada.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;color: #4b5161; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;; font-size: 12px; line-height: 18px;&quot;&gt;Kemungkinan lain yang dihadirkan adalah, SN 2005gl pada awalnya merupakan sepasang bintang yang kemudian bergabung. Jika ini terjadi maka di dalam bintang baru tersebut terjadi penimbunan reaksi nuklir yang membuat bintang terlihat makin terang namun sepertinya kurang berevolusi dibanding kondisi sebenarnya. Jika ini yang terjadi, muncul pertanyaan lain apakah ada mekanisme lain yang bisa memicu terjadinya ledakan supernova? Menurut Avishay Gal-Yam dari&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;Weizmann Institute of Science&lt;/em&gt;, Rehovot, Israel, bisa jadi ada pemahaman dasar tentang bintang super cerlang melalui kehilangan massanya yang luput dari perhatian para peneliti.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;color: #4b5161; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;; font-size: 12px; line-height: 18px;&quot;&gt;Hasil pengamatan teleskop Hubble hanya mengungkap sebagian kecil dari massa bintang yang terlepas saat terjadi ledakan. Sebagian besar materi lainnya diperkirakan tertarik masuk ke dalam inti yang runtuh yang kemudian menjadi lubang hitam dengan estimasi massa sekitar 10-15 massa matahari.&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://govindaastronomy.blogspot.com/feeds/9165143797024072093/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://govindaastronomy.blogspot.com/2011/01/ledakan-bintang-ynag-mengubah-teori.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1684678318395006462/posts/default/9165143797024072093'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1684678318395006462/posts/default/9165143797024072093'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://govindaastronomy.blogspot.com/2011/01/ledakan-bintang-ynag-mengubah-teori.html' title='Ledakan Bintang Yang Mengubah Teori SuperNova'/><author><name>govinda al-araaf</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/04830455143926099450</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='24' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEivFjh-ec6xR2QdD35_nkpjlQluJ0naBWVQG5rHngTgEm2M5LSUGFwULnSENRwZaf8CVTRed6mE_n5IeWldRFIV_3vfbHOea_Wu1rhW2dgaXil302JwD-kwkoFiEeJh/s220/09122010154.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1684678318395006462.post-6790280451824441268</id><published>2011-01-03T16:10:00.009+09:00</published><updated>2011-01-04T15:22:14.295+09:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="hukum-hukum astronomi"/><title type='text'>Tiga hukum empiris Kepler</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: Verdana, Tahoma, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.8em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #9fc5e8; line-height: 1px;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: Verdana, Tahoma, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.8em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.8em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.8em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;font-size: 12px; line-height: 1px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #9fc5e8;&quot;&gt;HUKUM KEPLER&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.8em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.8em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #9fc5e8;&quot;&gt;Karya Kepler sebagian dihasilkan dari data-data hasil pengamatan yang dikumpulkan Ticho Brahe mengenai posisi planet-planet dalam geraknya di luar angkasa. Hukum ini telah dicetuskan Kepler setengah abad sebelum Newton mengajukan ketiga Hukum-nya tentang gerak dan hukum gravitasi universal. Di antara hasil karya Kepler, terdapat&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;font-size: 12px; line-height: 1px;&quot;&gt;tiga penemuan&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;yang sekarang kita kenal sebagai&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;font-size: 12px; line-height: 1px;&quot;&gt;Hukum Kepler mengenai gerak planet.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.8em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #9fc5e8;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;font-size: 12px; line-height: 1px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.8em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;font-size: 12px; line-height: 1px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #9fc5e8;&quot;&gt;Hukum I Kepler&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.8em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #9fc5e8;&quot;&gt;Lintasan setiap planet ketika mengelilingi matahari berbentuk elips, di mana matahari terletak pada salah satu fokusnya.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.8em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;aligncenter size-full wp-image-3061&quot; height=&quot;120&quot; src=&quot;http://www.gurumuda.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/11/hukum-kepler-a.jpg&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; display: block; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: center;&quot; title=&quot;hukum-kepler-a&quot; width=&quot;281&quot; /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.8em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.8em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #9fc5e8;&quot;&gt;Kepler tidak mengetahui alasan mengapa planet bergerak dengan cara demikian. Ketika mulai tertarik dengan gerak planet-planet, Newton menemukan bahwa ternyata hukum-hukum Kepler ini bisa diturunkan secara matematis dari hukum gravitasi universal dan hukum gerak Newton. Newton juga menunjukkan bahwa di antara kemungkinan yang masuk akal mengenai hukum gravitasi, hanya satu yang berbanding terbalik dengan kuadrat jarak yang konsisten dengan Hukum Kepler.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.8em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #9fc5e8;&quot;&gt;Perhatikan orbit elips yang dijelaskan pada Hukum I Kepler. Dimensi paling panjang pada orbit elips disebut sumbu mayor alias sumbu utama, dengan setengah panjang a. Setengah panjang ini disebut sumbu semiutama alias semimayor&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;(sambil lihat gambar di bawah ya)&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.8em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;aligncenter size-full wp-image-3062&quot; height=&quot;176&quot; src=&quot;http://www.gurumuda.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/11/hukum-kepler-b.jpg&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; display: block; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: center;&quot; title=&quot;hukum-kepler-b&quot; width=&quot;282&quot; /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.8em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.8em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #9fc5e8;&quot;&gt;F&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;dan F&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;adalah titik Fokus. Matahari berada pada F&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;dan planet berada pada P. Tidak ada benda langit lainnya pada F&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;. Total jarak dari F&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;ke P dan F&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;ke P sama untuk semua titik dalam kurva elips. Jarak pusat elips (O) dan titik fokus (F&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;dan F&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;) adalah ea, di mana e merupakan angka tak berdimensi yang besarnya berkisar antara 0 sampai 1, disebut juga&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;font-size: 12px; line-height: 1px;&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;eksentrisitas&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;. Jika e = 0 maka elips berubah menjadi lingkaran. Kenyataanya, orbit planet berbentuk elips alias mendekati lingkaran. Dengan demikian besar eksentrisitas tidak pernah bernilai nol. Nilai e untuk orbit planet bumi adalah 0,017. Perihelion merupakan titik yang terdekat dengan matahari, sedangkan titik terjauh adalah aphelion.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.8em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #9fc5e8;&quot;&gt;Pada Persamaan Hukum Gravitasi Newton, telah kita pelajari bahwa gaya tarik gravitasi berbanding terbalik dengan kuadrat jarak (1/r&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;), di mana hal ini hanya bisa terjadi pada orbit yang berbentuk elips atau lingkaran saja.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.8em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.8em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;font-size: 12px; line-height: 1px;&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #9fc5e8;&quot;&gt;Contoh soal Hukum I Kepler :&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.8em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #9fc5e8;&quot;&gt;Komet Halley bergerak sepanjang orbit elips mengitari matahari. Pada perihelion, komet Halley berjarak 8,75 x10&lt;sup&gt;7&lt;/sup&gt;&amp;nbsp;km dari matahari, sedangkan pada aphelion berjarak 5,26 x 10&lt;sup&gt;9&lt;/sup&gt;&amp;nbsp;km dari matahari. Berapakah eksentrisitas dari orbit komet halley&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.8em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.8em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #9fc5e8;&quot;&gt;Panduan jawaban :&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.8em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #9fc5e8;&quot;&gt;Panjang sumbu utama sama dengan total jarak komet ke matahari ketika komet berada di perihelion dan aphelion.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.8em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #9fc5e8;&quot;&gt;Panjang sumbu utama adalah 2a, dengan demikian :&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.8em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;aligncenter size-full wp-image-3063&quot; height=&quot;71&quot; src=&quot;http://www.gurumuda.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/11/hukum-kepler-c.jpg&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; display: block; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: center;&quot; title=&quot;hukum-kepler-c&quot; width=&quot;324&quot; /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.8em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.8em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #9fc5e8;&quot;&gt;Pada Perihelion, jarak komet Halley dengan matahari diperoleh dari&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;(sambil perhatikan gambar di atas)&lt;/em&gt;&amp;nbsp;:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.8em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;font-size: 12px; line-height: 1px;&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #9fc5e8;&quot;&gt;a – ea = a(1-e)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.8em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #9fc5e8;&quot;&gt;Jarak komet Halley dengan matahari ketika komet Halley berada pada perihelion adalah 8,75 x10&lt;sup&gt;7&lt;/sup&gt;&amp;nbsp;km. Dengan demikian, eksentrisitas komet Halley adalah :&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.8em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;aligncenter size-full wp-image-3064&quot; height=&quot;114&quot; src=&quot;http://www.gurumuda.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/11/hukum-kepler-d.jpg&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; display: block; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: center;&quot; title=&quot;hukum-kepler-d&quot; width=&quot;324&quot; /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.8em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.8em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #9fc5e8;&quot;&gt;Nilai eksentrisitas komet halley mendekati 1. Ini menunjukkan bahwa orbit halley sangat panjang….&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.8em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.8em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.8em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.8em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;font-size: 12px; line-height: 1px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #9fc5e8;&quot;&gt;Hukum II Kepler&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.8em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #9fc5e8;&quot;&gt;Luas daerah yang disapu oleh garis antara matahari dengan planet adalah sama untuk setiap periode waktu yang sama.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.8em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.8em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;aligncenter size-full wp-image-3065&quot; height=&quot;131&quot; src=&quot;http://www.gurumuda.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/11/hukum-kepler-e.jpg&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; display: block; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: center;&quot; title=&quot;hukum-kepler-e&quot; width=&quot;324&quot; /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.8em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;aligncenter size-full wp-image-3066&quot; height=&quot;205&quot; src=&quot;http://www.gurumuda.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/11/hukum-kepler-f.jpg&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; display: block; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: center;&quot; title=&quot;hukum-kepler-f&quot; width=&quot;324&quot; /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.8em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;aligncenter size-full wp-image-3067&quot; height=&quot;117&quot; src=&quot;http://www.gurumuda.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/11/hukum-kepler-g.jpg&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; display: block; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: center;&quot; title=&quot;hukum-kepler-g&quot; width=&quot;324&quot; /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.8em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;aligncenter size-full wp-image-3068&quot; height=&quot;97&quot; src=&quot;http://www.gurumuda.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/11/hukum-kepler-h.jpg&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; display: block; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: center;&quot; title=&quot;hukum-kepler-h&quot; width=&quot;325&quot; /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.8em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.8em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.8em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.8em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #9fc5e8;&quot;&gt;Hal yang paling utama dalam Hukum II Kepler adalah kecepatan sektor mempunyai harga yang sama pada semua titik sepanjang orbit yang berbentuk elips.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.8em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;aligncenter size-full wp-image-3073&quot; height=&quot;104&quot; src=&quot;http://www.gurumuda.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/11/hukum-kepler-k.jpg&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; display: block; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: center;&quot; title=&quot;hukum-kepler-k&quot; width=&quot;326&quot; /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.8em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;aligncenter size-full wp-image-3072&quot; height=&quot;135&quot; src=&quot;http://www.gurumuda.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/11/hukum-kepler-j1.jpg&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; display: block; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: center;&quot; title=&quot;hukum-kepler-j1&quot; width=&quot;325&quot; /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.8em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #9fc5e8;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.8em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;font-size: 12px; line-height: 1px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #9fc5e8;&quot;&gt;Hukum III Kepler&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.8em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #9fc5e8;&quot;&gt;Kuadrat waktu yang diperlukan oleh planet untuk menyelesaikan satu kali orbit sebanding dengan pangkat tiga jarak rata-rata planet-planet tersebut dari matahari.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.8em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #9fc5e8;&quot;&gt;Jika T&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;dan T&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;menyatakan periode dua planet, dan r&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;dan r&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;menyatakan jarak rata-rata mereka dari matahari, maka&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.8em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.8em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;aligncenter size-full wp-image-3079&quot; height=&quot;195&quot; src=&quot;http://www.gurumuda.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/11/hukum-kepler-l2.jpg&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; display: block; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: center;&quot; title=&quot;hukum-kepler-l2&quot; width=&quot;326&quot; /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.8em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;aligncenter size-full wp-image-3080&quot; height=&quot;288&quot; src=&quot;http://www.gurumuda.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/11/hukum-kepler-m.jpg&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; display: block; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: center;&quot; title=&quot;hukum-kepler-m&quot; width=&quot;500&quot; /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.8em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.8em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.8em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #9fc5e8;&quot;&gt;Newton menunjukkan bahwa Hukum III Kepler juga bisa diturunkan secara matematis dari Hukum Gravitasi Universal dan Hukum Newton tentang gerak dan gerak melingkar. Sekarang mari kita tinjau Hukum III Kepler menggunakan pendekatan Newton.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.8em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #9fc5e8;&quot;&gt;Terlebih dahulu kita tinjau kasus khusus orbit lingkaran, yang merupakan kasus khusus dari orbit elips. Semoga dirimu belum melupakan Hukum Newton dan pelajaran Gerak Melingkar…&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.8em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;aligncenter size-full wp-image-3081&quot; height=&quot;224&quot; src=&quot;http://www.gurumuda.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/11/hukum-kepler-n.jpg&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; display: block; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: center;&quot; title=&quot;hukum-kepler-n&quot; width=&quot;344&quot; /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.8em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.8em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #9fc5e8;&quot;&gt;Sekarang kita masukan persamaan Hukum Gravitasi Newton dan percepatan sentripetal ke dalam persamaan Hukum II Newton :&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.8em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;aligncenter size-full wp-image-3082&quot; height=&quot;78&quot; src=&quot;http://www.gurumuda.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/11/hukum-kepler-o.jpg&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; display: block; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: center;&quot; title=&quot;hukum-kepler-o&quot; width=&quot;345&quot; /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.8em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.8em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.8em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #9fc5e8;&quot;&gt;m&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;adalah massa planet, m&lt;sub&gt;M&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;adalah massa matahari, r&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;adalah jarak rata-rata planet dari matahari, v&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;merupakan laju rata-rata planet pada orbitnya.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.8em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #9fc5e8;&quot;&gt;Waktu yang diperlukan sebuah planet untuk menyelesaikan satu orbit adalah T&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;, di mana jarak tempuhnya sama dengan keliling lingkaran, 2&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;phi&amp;nbsp;&lt;/em&gt;r&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;. Dengan demikian, besar v&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;adalah :&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.8em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;aligncenter size-full wp-image-3083&quot; height=&quot;256&quot; src=&quot;http://www.gurumuda.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/11/hukum-kepler-p.jpg&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; display: block; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: center;&quot; title=&quot;hukum-kepler-p&quot; width=&quot;345&quot; /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.8em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.8em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #9fc5e8;&quot;&gt;Misalnya persamaan 1 kita turunkan untuk planet venus (planet 1). Penurunan persamaan yang sama dapat digunakan untuk planet bumi (planet kedua).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.8em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;aligncenter size-full wp-image-3084&quot; height=&quot;51&quot; src=&quot;http://www.gurumuda.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/11/hukum-kepler-q.jpg&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; display: block; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: center;&quot; title=&quot;hukum-kepler-q&quot; width=&quot;345&quot; /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.8em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.8em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #9fc5e8;&quot;&gt;T&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;dan r&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;adalah periode dan jari-jari orbit planet kedua. Sekarang coba anda perhatikan persamaan 1 dan persamaan 2. Perhatikan bahwa ruas kanan kedua persamaan memiliki nilai yang sama. Dengan demikian, jika kedua persamaan ini digabungkan, akan kita peroleh :&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.8em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;aligncenter size-full wp-image-3085&quot; height=&quot;173&quot; src=&quot;http://www.gurumuda.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/11/hukum-kepler-r.jpg&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; display: block; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: center;&quot; title=&quot;hukum-kepler-r&quot; width=&quot;345&quot; /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.8em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.8em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #9fc5e8;&quot;&gt;Persamaan ini adalah Hukum III Kepler…&amp;nbsp;&lt;img alt=&quot;:)&quot; class=&quot;wp-smiley&quot; src=&quot;http://www.gurumuda.com/wp-includes/images/smilies/icon_smile.gif&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: center;&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.8em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.8em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #9fc5e8;&quot;&gt;Kita juga bisa menurunkan persamaaan untuk menghitung besarnya periode gerak planet (T) dengan cara lain. Pertama terlebih dahulu kita turunkan untuk kasus gerak melingkar.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.8em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #9fc5e8;&quot;&gt;Sebelumnya kita telah mensubtitusikan persamaan Hukum Gravitasi Newton dan percepatan sentripetal ke dalam persamaan Hukum II Newton :&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.8em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;aligncenter size-full wp-image-3086&quot; height=&quot;144&quot; src=&quot;http://www.gurumuda.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/11/hukum-kepler-s.jpg&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; display: block; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: center;&quot; title=&quot;hukum-kepler-s&quot; width=&quot;333&quot; /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.8em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.8em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #9fc5e8;&quot;&gt;Pada pembahasan mengenai gerak melingkar beraturan, kita mempelajari bahwa laju v adalah perbandingan jarak tempuh dalam satu kali putaran (&lt;em&gt;2phir&lt;/em&gt;) dengan periode&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;(waktu yang dibutuhkan untuk melakukan satu kali putaran),&amp;nbsp;&lt;/em&gt;yang secara matematis dirumuskan sebagai berikut :&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.8em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;aligncenter size-full wp-image-3087&quot; height=&quot;300&quot; src=&quot;http://www.gurumuda.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/11/hukum-kepler-t.jpg&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; display: block; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: center;&quot; title=&quot;hukum-kepler-t&quot; width=&quot;333&quot; /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.8em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.8em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #9fc5e8;&quot;&gt;Pada persamaan ini tampak bahwa periode dalam orbit lingkaran sebanding dengan pangkat 3/2 dari jari-jari orbit. Newton menunjukkan bahwa hubungan ini juga berlaku untuk orbit elips, di mana jari-jari orbit lingkaran (r) diganti dengan setengah sumbu utama&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;a&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.8em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;aligncenter size-full wp-image-3088&quot; height=&quot;111&quot; src=&quot;http://www.gurumuda.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/11/hukum-kepler-u.jpg&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; display: block; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: center;&quot; title=&quot;hukum-kepler-u&quot; width=&quot;333&quot; /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.8em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.8em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #9fc5e8;&quot;&gt;Dibaca secara perlahan-lahan sambil direnungkan&amp;nbsp;&lt;img alt=&quot;;)&quot; class=&quot;wp-smiley&quot; src=&quot;http://www.gurumuda.com/wp-includes/images/smilies/icon_wink.gif&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: center;&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.8em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #9fc5e8;&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.8em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.8em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;font-size: 12px; line-height: 1px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #9fc5e8;&quot;&gt;DATA ASTRONOMI&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;aligncenter size-full wp-image-3089&quot; height=&quot;348&quot; src=&quot;http://www.gurumuda.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/11/hukum-kepler-v.jpg&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; display: block; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: center;&quot; title=&quot;hukum-kepler-v&quot; width=&quot;500&quot; /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #9fc5e8;&quot;&gt;sumber :&amp;nbsp;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.gurumuda.com/hukum-kepler&quot;&gt;http://www.gurumuda.com/hukum-kepler&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://govindaastronomy.blogspot.com/feeds/6790280451824441268/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://govindaastronomy.blogspot.com/2011/01/tiga-hukum-empiris-kepler.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1684678318395006462/posts/default/6790280451824441268'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1684678318395006462/posts/default/6790280451824441268'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://govindaastronomy.blogspot.com/2011/01/tiga-hukum-empiris-kepler.html' title='Tiga hukum empiris Kepler'/><author><name>govinda al-araaf</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/04830455143926099450</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='24' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEivFjh-ec6xR2QdD35_nkpjlQluJ0naBWVQG5rHngTgEm2M5LSUGFwULnSENRwZaf8CVTRed6mE_n5IeWldRFIV_3vfbHOea_Wu1rhW2dgaXil302JwD-kwkoFiEeJh/s220/09122010154.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1684678318395006462.post-5261869986622523806</id><published>2011-01-03T15:32:00.011+09:00</published><updated>2011-01-04T15:03:30.563+09:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="hukum-hukum astronomi"/><title type='text'>Hukum Gravitasi isaac Newton</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style=&quot;border-bottom: solid #AAAAAA 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;border: none; margin-bottom: 1.2pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-line-height-alt: 14.4pt; mso-outline-level: 1; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; padding: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 21px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #444640; font-family: Verdana, Tahoma, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj6Ggt0vRdAxKDj3qNYVqU1v6ddijUjS6_VqH5IqGOoWNPOZ9MN1_oxRguO_8jDMNZtGVPYD6YDkLOT9TuTBbRGKQ89614TwM8p1q6lJD3Gtr8ebYxuOC_Om1XKp4gbf7E-sq1EDYYM_Q/s1600/newton.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;314&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj6Ggt0vRdAxKDj3qNYVqU1v6ddijUjS6_VqH5IqGOoWNPOZ9MN1_oxRguO_8jDMNZtGVPYD6YDkLOT9TuTBbRGKQ89614TwM8p1q6lJD3Gtr8ebYxuOC_Om1XKp4gbf7E-sq1EDYYM_Q/s320/newton.jpg&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;color: black; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.8em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;color: black; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.8em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;Pengantar&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;color: black; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.8em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Pada pembahasan mengenai pokok bahasan kinematika (gerak lurus dan gerak bengkok, kita telah menyinggung mengenai Gravitasi. Pada kesempatan ini, kita akan mempelajari Gravitasi secara lebih mendalam.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;color: black; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.8em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Mengapa buah mangga yang lezat dan bergizi yang terlepas dari tangkainya selalu jatuh ke permukaan bumi ? ayo dijawab…&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;color: black; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.8em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Selain mengembangkan tiga hukum tentang Gerak&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;(Hukum I Newton, Hukum II Newton dan Hukum III Newton)&lt;/em&gt;, eyang Newton juga menyelidiki gerakan planet-planet dan bulan. Ia selalu bertanya mengapa bulan selalu berada dalam orbitnya yang hampir berupa lingkaran ketika mengitari bumi. Selain itu, ia juga selalu mempersoalkan mengapa benda-benda selalu jatuh menuju permukaan bumi.&lt;span id=&quot;more-1769&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;Wililiam Stukeley, teman eyang Newton ketika masih muda, menulis bahwa ketika mereka sedang duduk minum teh di bawah pohoh apel, eyang Newton yang waktu itu masih muda dan cakep, melihat sebuah apel jatuh dari pohonnya. Dikatakan bahwa eyang Newton mendapat ilham dari jatuhnya buah apel. Menurutnya, jika gravitasi bekerja di puncak pohon apel, bahkan di puncak gunung, maka mungkin saja gravitasi bekerja sampai ke bulan. Dengan penalaran bahwa gravitasi bumi yang menahan bulan pada orbitnya, eyang Newton mengembangkan teori gravitasi yang sekarang diwariskan kepada kita.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;color: black; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.8em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Perlu diketahui bahwa persoalan yang dipikirkan eyang Newton ini telah ada sejak zaman yunani kuno. Ada dua persoalan dasar yang telah diselidiki oleh orang yunani, jauh sebelum eyang Newton lahir. Persoalan yang selalu dipertanyakan adalah mengapa benda-benda selalu jatuh ke permukaan bumi dan bagaimana gerakan planet-planet, termasuk matahari dan bulan&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;(matahari dan bulan pada waktu itu digolongkan menjadi planet-planet).&amp;nbsp;&lt;/em&gt;Orang-orang Yunani pada waktu itu melihat kedua persoalan di atas&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;(benda yang jatuh dan gerakan planet)&lt;/em&gt;&amp;nbsp;sebagai dua hal yang berbeda. Demikian hal itu berlanjut hingga zaman eyang Newton. Jadi apa yang dihasilkan oleh eyang dibangun di atas hasil karya orang-orang sebelum dirinya. Yang membedakan eyang Newton dan orang-orang sebelumnya adalah bahwa eyang memandang kedua persoalan dasar di atas&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;(gerak jatuh benda dan gerakan planet)&lt;/em&gt;&amp;nbsp;disebabkan oleh satu hal saja dan pasti mematuhi hukum yang sama. Pada abad ke-17, eyang menemukan bahwa ada interaksi yang sama yang menjadi penyebab jatuhnya buah apel dari pohon dan membuat planet tetap berada pada orbitnya ketika mengelilingi matahari. Demikian juga bulan, satu-satunya satelit alam kesayangan bumi tetap berada pada orbitnya.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;color: black; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.8em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Mari kita belajar hukum dasar cetusan eyang Newton yang kini diwariskan kepada kita. Hukum dasar inilah yang menentukan interaksi gravitasi. Ingat bahwa hukum ini bersifat universal alias umum; gravitasi bekerja dengan cara yang sama, baik antara diri kita dengan bumi, antara bumi dengan buah mangga yang lezat ketika jatuh, antara bumi dengan pesawat yang jatuh&amp;nbsp;&lt;img alt=&quot;;)&quot; class=&quot;wp-smiley&quot; src=&quot;http://www.gurumuda.com/wp-includes/images/smilies/icon_wink.gif&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: center;&quot; /&gt;&amp;nbsp;, antara planet dengan satelit dan antara matahari dengan planet-planetnya dalam sistem tatasurya.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;color: black; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.8em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;color: black; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.8em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;Oya lupa….&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;color: black; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.8em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Tahukah anda, bahkan gagasan eyang Newton mengenai gravitasi pada mulanya&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;dibantai&amp;nbsp;&lt;/em&gt;habisan-habisan oleh banyak ilmuwan yang bertentangan dengan gagasannya ? Pada waktu itu, banyak ilmuwan yang mungkin saking kebingungan sulit menerima gagasan eyang Newton mengenai gaya gravitasi. Gaya gravitasi termasuk gaya tak sentuh, di mana bekerja antara dua benda yang berjauhan alias tidak ada kontak antara benda-benda tersebut. Gaya-gaya yang umumnya dikenal adalah gaya-gaya yang bekerja karena adanya kontak; gerobak sampah bergerak karena kita memberikan gaya dorong, bola bergerak karena ditendang,&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;sedangkan gravitasi&lt;/em&gt;,&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;bisa bekerja tanpa sentuhan ? aneh…&lt;/em&gt;&amp;nbsp;eyang Newton mengatakan kepada mereka bahwa ketika apel jatuh, bumi memberikan gaya kepadanya sehingga apel tersebut jatuh, demikian juga bumi mempertahankan bulan tetap pada orbitnya dengan gaya gravitasi, meskipun tidak ada kontak dan letak bumi dan bulan berjauhan. Akhirnya, perlahan-lahan sambil bersungut-sungut mereka mulai merestui dan mendukung dengan penuh semangat Hukum Gravitasi yang dicetuskan oleh Eyang Newton&amp;nbsp;&lt;img alt=&quot;:)&quot; class=&quot;wp-smiley&quot; src=&quot;http://www.gurumuda.com/wp-includes/images/smilies/icon_smile.gif&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: center;&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;color: black; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.8em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;color: black; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.8em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;color: black; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1px;&quot;&gt;HUKUM GRAVITASI NEWTON&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;color: black; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.8em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Sebelum mencetuskan Hukum Gravitasi Universal, eyang Newton telah melakukan perhitungan untuk menentukan besar gaya gravitasi yang diberikan bumi pada bulan sebagaimana besar gaya gravitasi bumi yang bekerja pada benda-benda di permukaan bumi. Sebagaimana yang kita ketahui, besar percepatan gravitasi di bumi adalah 9,8 m/s&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;. Jika gaya gravitasi bumi mempercepat benda di bumi dengan percepatan 9,8 m/s&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, berapakah percepatan di bulan ? karena bulan bergerak melingkar beraturan&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;(gerakan melingkar bulan&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;color: black; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1px;&quot;&gt;hampir&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;beraturan),&amp;nbsp;&lt;/em&gt;maka percepatan sentripetal bulan dihitung menggunakan rumus percepatan sentripetal Gerak melingkar beraturan.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;color: black; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.8em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;aligncenter size-full wp-image-3044&quot; height=&quot;49&quot; src=&quot;http://www.gurumuda.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/11/hukum-gravitasi-newton-a.jpg&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; display: block; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: center;&quot; title=&quot;hukum-gravitasi-newton-a&quot; width=&quot;348&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;color: black; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.8em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;color: black; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.8em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Diketahui orbit bulan yang hampir bulat mempunyai jari-jari sekitar 384.000 km dan periode&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;(waktu yang dibutuhkan untuk melakukan satu putaran)&lt;/em&gt;&amp;nbsp;adalah 27,3 hari. Dengan demikian, percepatan bulan terhadap bumi adalah&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;color: black; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.8em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;aligncenter size-full wp-image-3045&quot; height=&quot;197&quot; src=&quot;http://www.gurumuda.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/11/hukum-gravitasi-newton-b.jpg&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; display: block; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: center;&quot; title=&quot;hukum-gravitasi-newton-b&quot; width=&quot;355&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;color: black; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.8em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;color: black; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.8em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Jadi percepatan gravitasi bulan terhadap bumi 3600 kali lebih kecil dibandingkan dengan percepatan gravitasi bumi terhadap benda-benda di permukaan bumi. Bulan berjarak 384.000 km dari bumi. Jarak bulan dengan bumi ini sama dengan 60 kali jari-jari bumi&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;(jari-jari bumi = 6380 km)&lt;/em&gt;. Jika jarak bulan dari bumi (60 kali jari-jari bumi) dikuadratkan, maka hasilnya sama dengan 3600 (60 x 60 = 60&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&amp;nbsp;= 3600). Angka 3600 yang diperoleh dengan mengkuadratkan 60 hasilnya sama dengan Percepatan bulan terhadap bumi, sebagaimana hasil yang diperoleh melalui perhitungan.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;color: black; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.8em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Berdasarkan perhitungan ini, eyang newton menyimpulkan bahwa besar gaya gravitasi yang diberikan oleh bumi pada setiap benda semakin berkurang terhadap kuadrat jaraknya&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;(r)&lt;/em&gt;&amp;nbsp;dari pusat bumi. Secara matematis dapat ditulis sebagai berikut :&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;color: black; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.8em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;aligncenter size-full wp-image-3046&quot; height=&quot;74&quot; src=&quot;http://www.gurumuda.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/11/hukum-gravitasi-newton-c.jpg&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; display: block; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: center;&quot; title=&quot;hukum-gravitasi-newton-c&quot; width=&quot;357&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;color: black; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.8em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;color: black; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.8em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Selain faktor jarak, Eyang Newton juga menyadari bahwa gaya gravitasi juga bergantung pada massa benda. Pada Hukum III Newton kita belajar bahwa&lt;em&gt;jika ada gaya aksi maka ada gaya reaksi.&lt;/em&gt;&amp;nbsp;Ketika bumi memberikan gaya aksi berupa gaya gravitasi kepada benda lain, maka benda tersebut memberikan gaya reaksi yang sama besar tetapi berlawanan arah terhadap bumi. Karena besarnya gaya aksi dan reaksi sama, maka besar gaya gravitasi juga harus sebanding dengan massa dua benda yang berinteraksi. Berdasarkan penalaran ini, eyang Newton menyatakan hubungan antara massa dan gaya gravitasi. Secara matematis ditulis sbb :&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;color: black; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.8em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;aligncenter size-full wp-image-3047&quot; height=&quot;41&quot; src=&quot;http://www.gurumuda.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/11/hukum-gravitasi-newton-d.jpg&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; display: block; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: center;&quot; title=&quot;hukum-gravitasi-newton-d&quot; width=&quot;358&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;color: black; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.8em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;color: black; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.8em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;M&lt;sub&gt;B&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;adalah massa bumi, M&lt;sub&gt;b&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;adalah massa benda lain dan r adalah jarak antara pusat bumi dan pusat benda lain.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;color: black; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.8em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Setelah membuat penalaran mengenai hubungan antara besar gaya gravitasi dengan massa dan jarak, eyang Newton membuat penalaran baru berkaitan dengan gerakan planet yang selalu berada pada orbitnya ketika mengitari matahari. Eyang menyatakan bahwa jika planet-planet selalu berada pada orbitnya, maka pasti ada gaya gravitasi yang bekerja antara matahari dan planet serta gaya gravitasi antara planet, sehingga benda langit tersebut tetap berada pada orbitnya masing-masing. Luar biasa pemikiran eyang Newton ini. Tidak puas dengan penalarannya di atas, ia menyatakan bahwa jika gaya gravitasi bekerja antara bumi dan benda-benda di permukaan bumi, serta antara matahari dan planet-planet maka mengapa gaya gravitasi tidak bekerja pada semua benda ?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;color: black; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.8em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Akhirnya, setelah bertele-tele dan terseok-seok, kita tiba pada inti pembahasan panjang lebar ini. Eyang Newton pun mencetuskan Hukum Gravitasi Universal dan mengumumkannya pada tahun 1687, hukum yang sangat terkenal dan berlaku baik di indonesia, amerika atau afrika bahkan di seluruh penjuru alam semesta. Hukum gravitasi Universal itu berbunyi demikian :&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;color: black; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.8em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;Semua benda di alam semesta menarik semua benda lain dengan gaya sebanding dengan hasil kali massa benda-benda tersebut dan berbanding terbalik dengan kuadrat jarak antara benda-benda tersebut.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;color: black; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.8em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;color: black; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;color: black; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.8em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Secara matematis, besar gaya gravitasi antara partikel dapat ditulis sbb :&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;color: black; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.8em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;aligncenter size-full wp-image-3048&quot; height=&quot;49&quot; src=&quot;http://www.gurumuda.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/11/hukum-gravitasi-newton-e.jpg&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; display: block; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: center;&quot; title=&quot;hukum-gravitasi-newton-e&quot; width=&quot;358&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;color: black; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.8em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;color: black; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.8em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;F&lt;sub&gt;g&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;adalah besar gaya gravitasi pada salah satu partikel, m&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;dan m&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;adalah massa kedua partikel, r adalah jarak antara kedua partikel.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;color: black; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.8em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;G adalah konstanta universal yang diperoleh dari hasil pengukuran secara eksperimen. 100 tahun setelah eyang Newton mencetuskan hukum Gravitasi Universal, pada tahun 1978, Henry Cavendish berhasil mengukur gaya yang sangat kecil antara dua benda, mirip seperti dua bola. Melalui pengukuran tersebut, Henry membuktikan dengan sangat tepat persamaan Hukum Gravitasi Universal di atas. Perbaikan penting dibuat oleh Poyting dan Boys pada abad kesembilan belas. Nilai G yang diakui sekarang = 6,67 x 10-11&lt;em&gt;Nm&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;/kg&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;color: black; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.8em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;color: black; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.8em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;color: black; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.8em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;Contoh soal 1 :&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;color: black; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.8em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Seorang guru fisika sedang duduk di depan kelas dan seorang murid sedang duduk di bagian belakang ruangan kelas. Massa guru tersebut adalah 60 kg dan massa siswa 70 kg&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;(siswa gendut).&lt;/em&gt;&amp;nbsp;Jika pusat mereka&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;(yang dimakudkan di sini bukan pusat yang terletak di depan perut manusia)&lt;/em&gt;&amp;nbsp;berjarak 10 meter, berapa besar gaya gravitasi yang diberikan oleh guru dan murid satu sama lain ?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;color: black; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.8em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;Panduan jawaban :&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;color: black; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.8em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Gampang, tinggal dimasukkan&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;aja&amp;nbsp;&lt;/em&gt;nilai-nilai telah diketahui ke dalam persamaan Hukum Newton tentang Gravitasi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;color: black; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.8em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;aligncenter size-full wp-image-3049&quot; height=&quot;247&quot; src=&quot;http://www.gurumuda.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/11/hukum-gravitasi-newton-f.jpg&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; display: block; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: center;&quot; title=&quot;hukum-gravitasi-newton-f&quot; width=&quot;359&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;color: black; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.8em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;color: black; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.8em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ya, gayanya sangat kecil…&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;color: black; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.8em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;color: black; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.8em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;Contoh soal 2 :&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;color: black; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.8em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Diketahui massa bulan 7,35 x 10&lt;sup&gt;22&lt;/sup&gt;&amp;nbsp;kg, massa bumi 5,98 x 10&lt;sup&gt;24&amp;nbsp;&lt;/sup&gt;kg dan massa matahari adalah 1,99 x 10&lt;sup&gt;30&lt;/sup&gt;&amp;nbsp;kg. Hitunglah gaya total di bulan yang disebabkan oleh gaya gravitasi bumi dan matahari. Anggap saja posisi bulan, bumi dan matahari membentuk segitiga siku-siku. Oya, jarak bumi-bulan 3,84 x 10&lt;sup&gt;8&lt;/sup&gt;&amp;nbsp;m dan jarak matahari-bulan 1,50 x 10&lt;sup&gt;8&lt;/sup&gt;&amp;nbsp;km (1,50 x 10&lt;sup&gt;11&lt;/sup&gt;&amp;nbsp;m)&lt;em&gt;.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;color: black; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.8em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;aligncenter size-full wp-image-3050&quot; height=&quot;236&quot; src=&quot;http://www.gurumuda.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/11/hukum-gravitasi-newton-g.jpg&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; display: block; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: center;&quot; title=&quot;hukum-gravitasi-newton-g&quot; width=&quot;360&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;color: black; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.8em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;color: black; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.8em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Keterangan Gambar :&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;color: black; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.8em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;b = bulan, B = bumi dan M = matahari&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;color: black; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.8em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;color: black; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.8em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;Panduan jawaban :&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;color: black; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.8em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Gaya total yang bekerja pada bulan akibat gravitasi matahari dan bumi kita hitung menggunakan vektor. Sebelumnya, terlebih dahulu kita hitung besar gaya gravitasi antara bumi-bulan dan matahari-bulan.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;color: black; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.8em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;color: black; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.8em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Besar gaya gravitasi antara bumi-bulan :&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;color: black; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.8em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;aligncenter size-full wp-image-3051&quot; height=&quot;148&quot; src=&quot;http://www.gurumuda.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/11/hukum-gravitasi-newton-h.jpg&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; display: block; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: center;&quot; title=&quot;hukum-gravitasi-newton-h&quot; width=&quot;361&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;color: black; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.8em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;color: black; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.8em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Besar gaya gravitasi antara matahari-bulan.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;color: black; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.8em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;color: black; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.8em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;aligncenter size-full wp-image-3052&quot; height=&quot;148&quot; src=&quot;http://www.gurumuda.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/11/hukum-gravitasi-newton-i.jpg&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; display: block; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: center;&quot; title=&quot;hukum-gravitasi-newton-i&quot; width=&quot;361&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;color: black; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.8em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Besar gaya total yang dialami bulan dapat dihitung sebagai berikut :&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;color: black; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.8em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;aligncenter size-full wp-image-3053&quot; height=&quot;203&quot; src=&quot;http://www.gurumuda.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/11/hukum-gravitasi-newton-j.jpg&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; display: block; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: center;&quot; title=&quot;hukum-gravitasi-newton-j&quot; width=&quot;361&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;color: black; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.8em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;color: black; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.8em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Gaya total yang dimaksud di sini tidak sama dengan gaya total pada Hukum II Newton. Hukum gravitasi berbeda dengan Hukum II Newton. Hukum Gravitasi menjelaskan gaya gravitasi dan besarnya yang selalu berbeda tergantung dari jarak dan massa benda yang terlibat. Hukum II Newton menghubungkan gaya total yang bekerja pada sebuah benda dengan massa dan percepatan benda tersebut.&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;Dipahami ya perbedaannya….&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;color: black; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.8em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;color: black; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.8em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;color: black; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.8em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;color: black; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1px;&quot;&gt;Kuat Medan Gravitasi dan Percepatan Gravitasi&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;color: black; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.8em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;color: black; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;color: black; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.8em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Pada pembahasan mengenai Hukum Newton tentang Gravitasi, kita telah meninjau gaya gravitasi sebagai interaksi gaya antara dua atau lebih partikel bermassa. Partikel-partikel tersebut dapat saling berinteraksi walaupun tidak bersentuhan. Pandangan lain mengenai gravitasi adalah konsep medan, di mana sebuah benda bermassa mengubah ruang di sekitarnya dan menimbulkan medan gravitasi. Medan ini bekerja pada semua partikel bermassa yang berada di dalam medan tersebut dengan menimbulkan gaya tarik gravitasi. Jika sebuah benda berada di dekat bumi, maka terdapat sebuah gaya yang dikerjakan pada benda tersebut. Gaya ini mempunyai besar dan arah di setiap titik pada ruang di sekitar bumi. Arahnya menuju pusat bumi dan besarnya adalah&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;color: black; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1px;&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;mg&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;color: black; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.8em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Jadi jika sebuah benda terletak di setiap titik di dekat bumi, maka pada benda tersebut bekerja sebuah vektor&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;color: black; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1px;&quot;&gt;g&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;yang sama dengan percepatan yang akan dialami apabila benda itu dilepaskan. Vektor g tersebut dinamakan kekuatan medan gravitasi. Secara matematis, besar&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;color: black; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1px;&quot;&gt;g&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;dinyatakan sebagai berikut :&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;color: black; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.8em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;aligncenter size-full wp-image-3054&quot; height=&quot;42&quot; src=&quot;http://www.gurumuda.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/11/hukum-gravitasi-newton-k.jpg&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; display: block; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: center;&quot; title=&quot;hukum-gravitasi-newton-k&quot; width=&quot;361&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;color: black; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.8em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;color: black; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.8em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Berdasarkan persamaan di atas, kita dapat mengatakan bahwa kekuatan medan gravitasi di setiap titik merupakan gaya gravitasi yang bekerja pada setiap satuan massa di titik tersebut.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;color: black; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.8em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;color: black; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.8em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;color: black; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.8em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;color: black; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1px;&quot;&gt;Gravitasi di Sekitar Permukaan Bumi&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;color: black; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.8em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;color: black; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.8em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Pada awal tulisan ini, kita telah mempelajari Hukum gravitasi Newton dan menurunkan persamaan gravitasi Universal. Sekarang kita mencoba menerapkannya pada gaya gravitasi antara bumi dan benda-benda yang terletak di permukaannya. Kita tulis kembali persamaan gravitasi universal untuk membantu kita dalam menganalisis :&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;color: black; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.8em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;color: black; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.8em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;aligncenter size-full wp-image-3055&quot; height=&quot;40&quot; src=&quot;http://www.gurumuda.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/11/hukum-gravitasi-newton-l.jpg&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; display: block; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: center;&quot; title=&quot;hukum-gravitasi-newton-l&quot; width=&quot;334&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;color: black; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.8em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Untuk persoalan gravitasi yang bekerja antara bumi dan benda-benda yang terletak di permukaan bumi, m&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;pada persamaan di atas adalah massa bumi (m&lt;sub&gt;B&lt;/sub&gt;), m&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;adalah massa benda (m), dan r adalah jarak benda dari permukaan bumi, yang merupakan jari-jari bumi (r&lt;sub&gt;B&lt;/sub&gt;). Gaya gravitasi yang bekerja pada bumi merupakan berat benda, mg. Dengan demikian, persamaan di atas kita ubah menjadi :&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;color: black; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.8em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;aligncenter size-full wp-image-3056&quot; height=&quot;97&quot; src=&quot;http://www.gurumuda.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/11/hukum-gravitasi-newton-m.jpg&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; display: block; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: center;&quot; title=&quot;hukum-gravitasi-newton-m&quot; width=&quot;334&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;color: black; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.8em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;color: black; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.8em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Berdasarkan persamaan ini, dapat diketahui bahwa percepatan gravitasi pada permukaan bumi alias&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;color: black; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1px;&quot;&gt;g&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;ditentukan oleh massa bumi (m&lt;sub&gt;B&lt;/sub&gt;) dan jari-jari bumi (r&lt;sub&gt;B&lt;/sub&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;color: black; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.8em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;aligncenter size-full wp-image-3057&quot; height=&quot;44&quot; src=&quot;http://www.gurumuda.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/11/hukum-gravitasi-newton-n.jpg&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; display: block; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: center;&quot; title=&quot;hukum-gravitasi-newton-n&quot; width=&quot;324&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;color: black; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.8em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;G dan g merupkan dua hal yang berbeda. g adalah percepatan gravitasi, sedangkan G adalah konstanta universal yang diperoleh dari hasil pengukuran. Setelah G ditemukan, manusia baru bisa mengetahui massa bumi lewat perhitungan menggunakan persamaan ini. Hal ini bisa dilakukan karena telah diketahui konstanta universal, percepatan gravitasi dan jari-jari bumi.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;color: black; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.8em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;color: black; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.8em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Ini adalah persamaan percepatan gravitasi efektiv. Jika ditanyakan percepatan gravitasi pada ketinggian tertentu di dekat permukaan bumi, maka kita dapat menggunakan persamaan ini. Jika kita menghitung berat benda yang terletak di permukaan bumi, kita menggunakan&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;color: black; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1px;&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;mg.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;color: black; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.8em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;color: black; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1px;&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;sumber :&amp;nbsp;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.gurumuda.com/hukum-kepler&quot;&gt;http://www.gurumuda.com/hukum-kepler&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;color: black; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.8em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;color: black; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;color: black; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.8em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://govindaastronomy.blogspot.com/feeds/5261869986622523806/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://govindaastronomy.blogspot.com/2011/01/hukum-gravitasi.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1684678318395006462/posts/default/5261869986622523806'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1684678318395006462/posts/default/5261869986622523806'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://govindaastronomy.blogspot.com/2011/01/hukum-gravitasi.html' title='Hukum Gravitasi isaac Newton'/><author><name>govinda al-araaf</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/04830455143926099450</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='24' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEivFjh-ec6xR2QdD35_nkpjlQluJ0naBWVQG5rHngTgEm2M5LSUGFwULnSENRwZaf8CVTRed6mE_n5IeWldRFIV_3vfbHOea_Wu1rhW2dgaXil302JwD-kwkoFiEeJh/s220/09122010154.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj6Ggt0vRdAxKDj3qNYVqU1v6ddijUjS6_VqH5IqGOoWNPOZ9MN1_oxRguO_8jDMNZtGVPYD6YDkLOT9TuTBbRGKQ89614TwM8p1q6lJD3Gtr8ebYxuOC_Om1XKp4gbf7E-sq1EDYYM_Q/s72-c/newton.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1684678318395006462.post-822062877831994191</id><published>2011-01-01T09:35:00.000+09:00</published><updated>2011-01-03T15:29:46.578+09:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="soal-soal"/><title type='text'>Soal olimpiade astronomi sma</title><content type='html'>&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt; 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&lt;/style&gt; &lt;![endif]--&gt;  &lt;/m:defjc&gt;&lt;/m:rmargin&gt;&lt;/m:lmargin&gt;&lt;/m:dispdef&gt;&lt;/m:smallfrac&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a name=&#39;more&#39;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;1.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot;&gt;Jika dibangun sebuah observatorium penikgamat dikedua ekuatornya pada sebuah planet yang memiliki kala periode rotasi 21 jam, dan sedang mengamati sebuah titik yang sama pada sebuah satelit &lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;dengan deklinasi 0&lt;sup&gt;0&lt;/sup&gt; . Jika jarak keduanya 244.000 km dan diameter&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;planet tersebut adalah 12.500 km, hitunglah besar ansiorektanya.....&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;2.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot;&gt;Dua orang astronot yang berasal dari Amerika dan Rusia mendarat pada sebuah planet untuk melakukan obervasi. Mereka menemukan bahwa ternyata komposisi penyusun planet tersebut memiliki rata-rata 2 kali massa jenis bumi, jika ansesiorekta tercatat 9&lt;sup&gt;m&lt;/sup&gt; ,55 dan jarak planet tersebut 450.000 km, hitung massa planet tersebut dalam massa bumi...&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;3.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot;&gt;Jarak matahari-mars adalah dua kali jarak matahari-venus. Berapa perbandingan fluks cahaya matahari yang di terima kedua planet tersebut....&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;4.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot;&gt;Jelaskan mengapa sampai pada saat ini para ilmuan sepakat bahwa alam semesta berkembang....&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;5.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot;&gt;Jelaskan mengapa astronom radio dapat melakukan pengamatan sepanjang hari sedangkan astronom optik hanya pada malam hari....&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;6.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot;&gt;Bintang X mempunyai magnitudo semu -2,4, sedangkan magnitudo bintang Y adalah 3. Berapakah perbandingan fluks kedua bintang.... &lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://govindaastronomy.blogspot.com/feeds/822062877831994191/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://govindaastronomy.blogspot.com/2011/01/soal-olimpiade-astronomi-sma.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1684678318395006462/posts/default/822062877831994191'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1684678318395006462/posts/default/822062877831994191'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://govindaastronomy.blogspot.com/2011/01/soal-olimpiade-astronomi-sma.html' title='Soal olimpiade astronomi sma'/><author><name>govinda al-araaf</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/04830455143926099450</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='24' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEivFjh-ec6xR2QdD35_nkpjlQluJ0naBWVQG5rHngTgEm2M5LSUGFwULnSENRwZaf8CVTRed6mE_n5IeWldRFIV_3vfbHOea_Wu1rhW2dgaXil302JwD-kwkoFiEeJh/s220/09122010154.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1684678318395006462.post-5578373098734372717</id><published>2010-12-31T20:36:00.000+09:00</published><updated>2011-01-23T20:54:31.533+09:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="materi"/><title type='text'>lubang hitam</title><content type='html'>&lt;b&gt;Lubang hitam&lt;/b&gt; adalah sebuah pemusatan &lt;a href=&quot;http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massa&quot; title=&quot;Massa&quot;&gt;massa&lt;/a&gt; yang cukup besar sehingga menghasilkan gaya &lt;a href=&quot;http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravitasi&quot; title=&quot;Gravitasi&quot;&gt;gravitasi&lt;/a&gt; yang sangat besar. Gaya &lt;a href=&quot;http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravitasi&quot; title=&quot;Gravitasi&quot;&gt;gravitasi&lt;/a&gt; yang sangat besar ini mencegah apa pun lolos darinya kecuali melalui perilaku &lt;a class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; href=&quot;http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terowongan_kuantum&quot; title=&quot;Terowongan kuantum&quot;&gt;terowongan kuantum&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;a href=&quot;http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medan_gravitasi&quot; title=&quot;Medan gravitasi&quot;&gt;Medan gravitasi&lt;/a&gt; begitu kuat sehingga 8&lt;a class=&quot;new&quot; href=&quot;http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kecepatan_lepas&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;redlink=1&quot; title=&quot;Kecepatan lepas (halaman belum tersedia)&quot;&gt;kecepatan lepas&lt;/a&gt; di dekatnya mendekati &lt;a href=&quot;http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kecepatan_cahaya&quot; title=&quot;Kecepatan cahaya&quot;&gt;kecepatan cahaya&lt;/a&gt;. Tak ada sesuatu, termasuk &lt;a href=&quot;http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiasi&quot; title=&quot;Radiasi&quot;&gt;radiasi&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; href=&quot;http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektromagnetik&quot; title=&quot;Elektromagnetik&quot;&gt;elektromagnetik&lt;/a&gt; yang dapat lolos dari &lt;a href=&quot;http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravitasi&quot; title=&quot;Gravitasi&quot;&gt;gravitasinya&lt;/a&gt;, bahkan &lt;a href=&quot;http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cahaya&quot; title=&quot;Cahaya&quot;&gt;cahaya&lt;/a&gt;  hanya dapat masuk tetapi tidak dapat keluar atau melewatinya, dari sini  diperoleh kata &quot;hitam&quot;. Istilah &quot;lubang hitam&quot; telah tersebar luas,  meskipun ia tidak menunjuk ke sebuah &lt;i&gt;lubang&lt;/i&gt; dalam arti biasa,  tetapi merupakan sebuah wilayah di angkasa di mana semua tidak dapat  kembali. Secara teoritis, lubang hitam dapat memliki ukuran apa pun,  dari mikroskopik sampai ke ukuran alam raya yang dapat diamati.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;h2&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;editsection&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mw-headline&quot; id=&quot;Landasan_Teori&quot;&gt;Landasan Teori&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;Teori adanya lubang hitam pertama kali diajukan pada abad ke-18 oleh &lt;a class=&quot;new&quot; href=&quot;http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John_Michell&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;redlink=1&quot; title=&quot;John Michell (halaman belum tersedia)&quot;&gt;John Michell&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; href=&quot;http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre-Simon_Laplace&quot; title=&quot;Pierre-Simon Laplace&quot;&gt;Pierre-Simon Laplace&lt;/a&gt;, selanjutnya dikembangkan oleh &lt;a href=&quot;http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronom&quot; title=&quot;Astronom&quot;&gt;astronom&lt;/a&gt; Jerman bernama &lt;a class=&quot;new&quot; href=&quot;http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Karl_Schwarzschild&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;redlink=1&quot; title=&quot;Karl Schwarzschild (halaman belum tersedia)&quot;&gt;Karl Schwarzschild&lt;/a&gt;, pada tahun 1916, dengan berdasar pada teori relativitas umum dari &lt;a href=&quot;http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Einstein&quot; title=&quot;Albert Einstein&quot;&gt;Albert Einstein&lt;/a&gt;, dan semakin dipopulerkan oleh &lt;a class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; href=&quot;http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_William_Hawking&quot; title=&quot;Stephen William Hawking&quot;&gt;Stephen William Hawking&lt;/a&gt;.  Pada saat ini banyak astronom yang percaya bahwa hampir semua galaksi  dialam semesta ini mengelilingi lubang hitam pada pusat galaksi.&lt;br /&gt;
Adalah &lt;a class=&quot;new&quot; href=&quot;http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John_Archibald_Wheeler&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;redlink=1&quot; title=&quot;John Archibald Wheeler (halaman belum tersedia)&quot;&gt;John Archibald Wheeler&lt;/a&gt;  pada tahun 1967 yang memberikan nama &quot;Lubang Hitam&quot; sehingga menjadi  populer di dunia bahkan juga menjadi topik favorit para penulis fiksi  ilmiah. Kita tidak dapat melihat lubang hitam akan tetapi kita bisa  mendeteksi materi yang tertarik / tersedot ke arahnya. Dengan cara  inilah, para astronom mempelajari dan mengidentifikasikan banyak lubang  hitam di angkasa lewat observasi yang sangat hati-hati sehingga  diperkirakan di angkasa dihiasi oleh jutaan lubang hitam.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;b&gt;Asal Mula Lubang Hitam&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;Lubang Hitam tercipta ketika suatu obyek tidak dapat bertahan dari kekuatan tekanan &lt;a class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; href=&quot;http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaya_gravitasi&quot; title=&quot;Gaya gravitasi&quot;&gt;gaya gravitasinya&lt;/a&gt;  sendiri. Banyak obyek (termasuk matahari dan bumi) tidak akan pernah  menjadi lubang hitam. Tekanan gravitasi pada matahari dan bumi tidak  mencukupi untuk melampaui kekuatan atom dan &lt;a href=&quot;http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuklir&quot; title=&quot;Nuklir&quot;&gt;nuklir&lt;/a&gt;  dalam dirinya yang sifatnya melawan tekanan gravitasi. Tetapi  sebaliknya untuk obyek yang bermassa sangat besar, tekanan gravitasi-lah  yang menang.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;b&gt;Pertumbuhannya&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;Massa dari lubang hitam terus bertambah dengan cara menangkap semua  materi didekatnya. Semua materi tidak bisa lari dari jeratan lubang  hitam jika melintas terlalu dekat. Jadi obyek yang tidak bisa menjaga  jarak yang aman dari lubang hitam akan terhisap. Berlainan dengan  reputasi yang disandangnya saat ini yang menyatakan bahwa lubang hitam  dapat menghisap apa saja disekitarnya, lubang hitam tidak dapat  menghisap material yang jaraknya sangat jauh dari dirinya. dia hanya  bisa menarik materi yang lewat sangat dekat dengannya. Contoh&amp;nbsp;:  bayangkan &lt;a href=&quot;http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matahari&quot; title=&quot;Matahari&quot;&gt;matahari&lt;/a&gt; kita menjadi lubang hitam dengan massa yang sama. Kegelapan akan menyelimuti &lt;a href=&quot;http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bumi&quot; title=&quot;Bumi&quot;&gt;bumi&lt;/a&gt;  dikarenakan tidak ada pancaran cahaya dari lubang hitam, tetapi bumi  akan tetap mengelilingi lubang hitam itu dengan jarak dan kecepatan yang  sama dengan saat ini dan tidak terhisap masuk kedalamnya. Bahaya akan  mengancam hanya jika bumi kita berjarak 10 mil dari lubang hitam, dimana  hal ini masih jauh dari kenyataan bahwa bumi berjarak 93 juta mil dari  matahari. Lubang hitam juga dapat bertambah massanya dengan cara  bertubrukan dengan lubang hitam yang lain sehingga menjadi satu lubang  hitam yang lebih besar.(sumber:Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas)</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://govindaastronomy.blogspot.com/feeds/5578373098734372717/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://govindaastronomy.blogspot.com/2010/12/lubang-hitam.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1684678318395006462/posts/default/5578373098734372717'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1684678318395006462/posts/default/5578373098734372717'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://govindaastronomy.blogspot.com/2010/12/lubang-hitam.html' title='lubang hitam'/><author><name>govinda al-araaf</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/04830455143926099450</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='24' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEivFjh-ec6xR2QdD35_nkpjlQluJ0naBWVQG5rHngTgEm2M5LSUGFwULnSENRwZaf8CVTRed6mE_n5IeWldRFIV_3vfbHOea_Wu1rhW2dgaXil302JwD-kwkoFiEeJh/s220/09122010154.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1684678318395006462.post-452336997942645036</id><published>2010-12-31T20:14:00.000+09:00</published><updated>2011-01-23T20:54:31.533+09:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="materi"/><title type='text'>FAKTA TENTANG ASTRONOMI</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href=&quot;http://b371ny03.blogspot.com/&quot;&gt;&lt;div id=&quot;header-wrapper&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;header section&quot; id=&quot;header&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;widget Header&quot; id=&quot;Header1&quot;&gt; &lt;div id=&quot;header-inner&quot;&gt; &lt;div class=&quot;titlewrapper&quot;&gt; &lt;h1 class=&quot;title&quot;&gt; &lt;/h1&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;descriptionwrapper&quot;&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;div class=&quot;Menu&quot;&gt;    &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&quot;content-wrapper&quot;&gt;  &lt;div id=&quot;main-wrapper&quot;&gt; &lt;div class=&quot;main section&quot; id=&quot;main&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;widget Blog&quot; id=&quot;Blog1&quot;&gt; &lt;div class=&quot;blog-posts hfeed&quot;&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;post-template&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;posthead&quot;&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;&quot; name=&quot;7360663744510882598&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;small&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;post-author vcard&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;fn&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;post-timestamp&quot;&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;timestamp-link&quot; href=&quot;http://b371ny03.blogspot.com/2009/01/fakta-fakta-dunia-astronomi.html&quot; rel=&quot;bookmark&quot; title=&quot;permanent link&quot;&gt;&lt;abbr class=&quot;published&quot; title=&quot;2009-01-23T15:26:00+07:00&quot;&gt;&lt;/abbr&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;post-labels&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/small&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;float: right; padding: 6px 0px 6px 6px;&quot;&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.facebook.com/sharer.php?u=http%3A%2F%2Fb371ny03.blogspot.com%2F2009%2F01%2Ffakta-fakta-dunia-astronomi.html&amp;amp;t=Fakta-Fakta%20di%20Dunia%20Astronomi%20%3A%3A%20YST%20%3A%3A%20Unlimited%20Knowledge&amp;amp;src=sp&quot; name=&quot;fb_share&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; style=&quot;text-decoration: none;&quot; type=&quot;box_count&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;fb_share_size_Small fb_share_count_wrapper&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;fb_share_count_nub_top &quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;fb_share_count  fb_share_count_top&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;fb_share_count_inner&quot;&gt;11&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;FBConnectButton FBConnectButton_Small&quot; style=&quot;cursor: pointer;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;FBConnectButton_Text&quot;&gt;Share&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;/style&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEisHdrghLzM2KKIBuZmjxDCno5L5qzEE6ODdwXg3ixWyUnmoYsdU-Q-WZBClJhOL-d8wM8_dbr38ckJCVgcjubgmWFn7NDdR2PZdn6yUwSl8ZXfWwxtoSRzmcBZL1FEGZI0ENw1u_Tme-eF/s1600-h/0212x.jpg&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; id=&quot;BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5294408319409630770&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEisHdrghLzM2KKIBuZmjxDCno5L5qzEE6ODdwXg3ixWyUnmoYsdU-Q-WZBClJhOL-d8wM8_dbr38ckJCVgcjubgmWFn7NDdR2PZdn6yUwSl8ZXfWwxtoSRzmcBZL1FEGZI0ENw1u_Tme-eF/s320/0212x.jpg&quot; style=&quot;cursor: pointer; float: left; height: 227px; margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; width: 320px;&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 130%;&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt;stronomi,  yang secara etimologi berarti &quot;ilmu bintang&quot; (dari Yunani: άστρο, +  νόμος), adalah ilmu yang melibatkan pengamatan dan penjelasan kejadian  yang terjadi di luar Bumi dan atmosfernya. Ilmu ini mempelajari  asal-usul, evolusi, sifat fisik dan kimiawi benda-benda yang bisa  dilihat di langit (dan di luar Bumi), juga proses yang melibatkan  mereka. (sumber :&lt;a href=&quot;http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomi&quot;&gt;wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 130%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;B&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;eberapa fakta di dunia astronomi, yang perlu kita ketahui :&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;OBJEK TERBESAR DI TATA SURYA&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Matahari  adalah objek paling besar dalam tata surya kita dengan diameter (pada  equator) sepanjang 1.392.140 km. Urutan kedua ditempati oleh planet  Jupiter dengan diameter 142.984 km. Di urutan berikutnya berturut-turut  adalah Saturnus (120.536 km), Uranus (51.118 km), dan Neptunus (49.600  km). Bumi kita menempati urutan ke-6 dalam daftar ini dengan diameter  12.756 km, disusul oleh Venus (12.103 km) dan Mars (6.794 km). Urutan  ke-9 dan ke-10 diduduki oleh dua buah satelit alam masing masing  Ganymede, satelit Jupiter (5.262 km) dan Titan, satelit Saturnus (5.150  km).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;SATELIT ALAM TERBESAR&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Ganymede  dan Titan merupakan satelit alam (bulan) terbesar dalam tata surya  kita. Berikutnya berturut-turut disusul oleh Callisto (Jupiter/4.820 km)  dan Io (Jupiter/3.632 km). Bulan kita menempati peringkat kelima dengan  diameter 3.475 km. Sementara itu, Europa (Jupiter/3.126 km), Triton  (Neptunus/2750 km), dan Titania (Uranus/1.580 km) menyusul di urutan  selanjutnya. Daftar ini ditutup dengan Rhea (Saturnus/1.530 km) dan  Oberon (Uranus/1.516 km) masing-masing di urutan ke-9 dan 10.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;ANOMALI VENUS&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Venus  berotasi               pada sumbunya sedemikian lambat, bahkan lebih  lambat daripada               periode orbitnya. Akibatnya satu tahun  disana adalah lebih pendek               daripada satu harinya (sehari  di Venus setara dengan 243 hari di               Bumi, sementara satu  tahun Venus setara 225 hari Bumi). Disamping               itu Venus  diketahui berotasi dari arah timur ke barat, kebalikan                dari planet-planet lain di tata surya kita yang berotasi dari                barat ke timur, karena itu di Venus matahari terbit dari arah                barat dan terbenam di timur.             &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;SATELIT ALAM  &lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Diantara  kesemua planet anggota tata surya, hanya Bumi yang mempuyai                 satu-satunya satelit alam. Sementara itu, dua planat diantaranya,                yakni Merkurius dan Venus sama sekali tidak memiliki  satelit. Planet-planet                bagian luar di tata surya umumnya  kaya akan satelit alam. Hingga kini, telah                diketemukan  puluhan satelit alam yang mengedari planet Jupiter, Saturnus dan Uranus.                 Tidak semua satelit alam berbentuk bundar, tipikal  sebuah planet.                Kedua satelit Mars, Phobos dan Deimos  serta satelit-satelit kecil yang                mengedari Jupiter,  Saturnus, Uranus, dan Neptunus diketahui                memiliki bentuk  yang tidak beraturan             &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;SUMBU ROTASI&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Planet  Uranus memiliki kemiringan sumbu rotasi sebesar 98º. Hal                 ini menyebabkan kutub utaranya menunjuk ke bawah bidang garis                 edarnya. Karenanya permukaan planet di kedua kutub memiliki malam                 yang lamanya setara dengan 21 tahun di Bumi.             &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;SUHU PALING EKSTREM &lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Planet  dengan temperatur paling                ekstrem dalam tata surya kita  ialah Merkurius. Temperatur siang                hari disana mencapai  hingga 427ºC, cukup panas untuk melelehkan                logam seng. Di  malam hari, temperatur turun hingga -183ºC, cukup                dingin  untuk membekukan krypton. Selain itu Merkurus tercatat                 sebagai planet yang letaknya paling dekat dengan Matahari             &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;PLANET TERPANAS&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Walaupun  Merkurius adalah planet terdekat dari Matahari, namun                 rekor sebagai planet terpanas justeru dipegang oleh Venus dengan                 suhu mencapai 482°C. Hal ini ditengarai akibat efek &quot;rumah kaca&quot;                 dari atmosfir Venus yang kaya akan unsur Karbon Dioksida                             &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;PLANET PALING CEMERLANG&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Apabila  Jupiter dan Bumi dilihat dari jarak yang sama, maka                 Jupiter akan terlihat 164 kali lebih cemerlang. Dilihat dari                 Bumi, panet yang paling cemerlang adalah Venus dengan magnitudo                 -4,4.             &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;BINTANG TERDEKAT&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Bintang  terdekat dari Bumi kita ialah Proxima Centauri. Bintang sejauh 4,23                 tahun cahaya ini terlalu redup untuk bisa dilihat dengan  mata                telanjang. Bintang terdekat yang dapat dilihat  dengan mata                telanjang adalah Alpha Centauri (4,4 tahun  cahaya) yang terlihat                sebagai bintang paling terang pada  rasi Centaurus di langit                belahan selatan             &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;BINTANG TERMUDA&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
2                 Protostar (calon bintang) yang dikenal sebagai IRAS-4  yang berada                di dalam Nebula NGC 1333, 1.100 tahun cahaya  dari Bumi adalah                bitang termuda yang diketahui manusia.  Keduanya baru akan mencapai                fase stabil sebagai sebuah  bintang setidaknya dalam 100.000 tahun                mendatang.               &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;color: #660000;&quot;&gt;BINTANG TERTUA&lt;/b&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
70  bintang                yang ditemukan oleh sebuah tim astronom yang  dipimpin oleh Timothy                Beers (Amerika Serikat) diyakini  sebagai bintang paling tua di                galaksi Bimasakti.  Bintang-bintang tersebut diperkirakan telah                terbentuk  pada sekitar 1 milyar tahun setelah peristiwa &lt;i&gt;big                bang&lt;/i&gt; (ledakan besar yang mengawali terbentuknya alam semesta).             &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;BINTANG TERBESAR&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Betelgeuse (&lt;i&gt;Alpha Orionis&lt;/i&gt;)  adalah bintang terbesar yang                diketahui hingga sejauh  ini. Bintang sejauh 430 tahun cahaya ini                memiliki  diameter 980 juta km atau 700 kali diameter matahari.                 Bintang ini terlihat dengan mata telanjang sebagai sebuah bintang                 berwarna kemerahan di rasi Orion.             &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;BINTANG PALING CEMERLANG&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Sebuah  bintang yang disebut Pistol yang ditemukan oleh teleskop                 antariksa Hubble pada Oktober 1997 adalah bintang paling cemerlang                 yang diketahui. Cahayanya sekitar 10 juta kali lebih  cemerlang                dari matahari. Perhitungan oleh para astronom  menunjukkan bahwa                energi yang dipancarkannya dalam 6  detik setara dengan energi yang                dipancarkan oleh Matahari  selama satu tahun.              &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;METEORIT TERBESAR&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Pecahan                 meteorit berukuran antara 2,4 - 2,7 m yang ditemukan di  Hoba West,                dekat Grossfontein, Namibia pada tahun 1920  diduga merupakan                meteorid terbesar yang pernah jatuh ke  Bumi dan tercatat oleh                manusia. Pecahan meteorid tersebut  berasal dari sebuah meteorit                tunggal yang beratnya  diperkirakan mencapai 59 ton.             &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;HUJAN METEOR TERBESAR&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Hujan  Meteor Leonid yang terjadi tanggal 16-17 November 1966 dan                 terlihat di Amerika Utara bagian barat hingga Rusia bagian timur                 merupakan hujan meteorid terbesar yang pernah tercatat.  Meteor                yang melintas di wilayah Arizona tercatat mencapai  2.300 meteor                per menit selama 20 menit.             &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;KOMET TERBESAR&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Komet &lt;i&gt;               Centaur 2060 Chiron&lt;/i&gt; yang ditemukan tahun 1977 merupakan komet                terbesar yang diketahui dengan diameter 182 km.             &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ASTEROID TERBESAR&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
1 &lt;i&gt;Ceres&lt;/i&gt;  dengan diameter 941 km merupakan asteroid terbesar.                 Selain itu, asteroid ini juga tercatat merupakan asteroid yang                 pertama kali ditemukan.             &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ASTEROID TERKECIL&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Rekor                 sebagai asteroid terkecil dipegang oleh asteroid  1993KA2. Asteroid                yang ditemukan tahun 1993 ini hanya  berdiameter 5 m.             &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;GERHANA MATAHARI TERLAMA&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Secara  teori, gerhana matahari dapat berlangsung maksimal selama 7                 menit 31 detik. Gerhana matahari terlama yang pernah tercatat                 terjadi di Filipina dengan durasi 7 menit 8 detik. Gerhana  matahari                selama 7 menit 29 detik diperkirakan akan  terjadi di tengah                samudera Atlantik pada tanggal 17 Juli  2186.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;KONSTELASI TERBESAR&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;i&gt;Hydra&lt;/i&gt;   (Naga Laut)  merupakan konstelasi (rasi bintang) terbesar. Konstelasi  ini menutupi area  seluas 1.302,844º persegi atau mencakup 3,16% dari  seluruh langit  dan beranggotakan setidaknya 68 bintang yang dapat  dilihat dengan mata  telanjang.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;KONSTELASI TERKECIL&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;i&gt;Crux  Australis&lt;/i&gt;  (Salib Selatan) adalah konstelasi terkecil di langit. Ia hanya   mencakup area seluas 68,477º persegi atau sekitar 0,16% dari seluruh  langit.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;               &lt;b&gt;OBJEK PALING CEMERLANG&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Quasar HS1946+7658 adalah  objek paling cemerlang di jagat raya. Objek ini setidaknya 1,5 x  10&lt;sup&gt;15&lt;/sup&gt; kali lebih cemerlang dari Matahari kita&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;OBJEK TERDINGIN&lt;/b&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Nebula  Boomerang,  sebuah kabut debu dan gas yang terletak sejauh 5000 tahun  cahaya dari Bumi  dipercayai sebagai objek paling dingin. Temperaturnya  diperkirakan berkisar pada  -270ºC (-454ºF)             &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;TELESKOP TERBESAR&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Teleskop terbesar di dunia saat ini adalah sepasang teleskop kembar berdiameter 10 m yang digunakan di               &lt;a href=&quot;http://www2.keck.hawaii.edu/&quot; target=&quot;new&quot;&gt;Observatorium W.M. Keck&lt;/a&gt;  di Mauna Kea, Hawaii. Lensa masing-masing teleskop seberat 300 ton                itu terdiri dari 36 buah               cermin berbentuk segi  enam yang digabungkan menjadi sebuah cermin pemantul (reflektor).              &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://govindaastronomy.blogspot.com/feeds/452336997942645036/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://govindaastronomy.blogspot.com/2010/12/fakta-tentang-astronomi.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1684678318395006462/posts/default/452336997942645036'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1684678318395006462/posts/default/452336997942645036'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://govindaastronomy.blogspot.com/2010/12/fakta-tentang-astronomi.html' title='FAKTA TENTANG ASTRONOMI'/><author><name>govinda al-araaf</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/04830455143926099450</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='24' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEivFjh-ec6xR2QdD35_nkpjlQluJ0naBWVQG5rHngTgEm2M5LSUGFwULnSENRwZaf8CVTRed6mE_n5IeWldRFIV_3vfbHOea_Wu1rhW2dgaXil302JwD-kwkoFiEeJh/s220/09122010154.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEisHdrghLzM2KKIBuZmjxDCno5L5qzEE6ODdwXg3ixWyUnmoYsdU-Q-WZBClJhOL-d8wM8_dbr38ckJCVgcjubgmWFn7NDdR2PZdn6yUwSl8ZXfWwxtoSRzmcBZL1FEGZI0ENw1u_Tme-eF/s72-c/0212x.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1684678318395006462.post-7208676165600241825</id><published>2010-12-31T19:58:00.000+09:00</published><updated>2011-01-03T15:29:30.295+09:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="soal-soal"/><title type='text'>soal olimpiade astronomi (teori)</title><content type='html'>&lt;m:smallfrac m:val=&quot;off&quot;&gt;    &lt;m:dispdef&gt;    &lt;m:lmargin m:val=&quot;0&quot;&gt;    &lt;m:rmargin m:val=&quot;0&quot;&gt;    &lt;m:defjc m:val=&quot;centerGroup&quot;&gt;    &lt;m:wrapindent m:val=&quot;1440&quot;&gt;    &lt;m:intlim m:val=&quot;subSup&quot;&gt;    &lt;m:narylim m:val=&quot;undOvr&quot;&gt;   &lt;/m:narylim&gt;&lt;/m:intlim&gt; &lt;/m:wrapindent&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 1pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;   &lt;/m:defjc&gt;&lt;/m:rmargin&gt;&lt;/m:lmargin&gt;&lt;/m:dispdef&gt;&lt;/m:smallfrac&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-color: -moz-use-text-color -moz-use-text-color rgb(79, 129, 189); border-style: none none solid; border-width: medium medium 1pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 2pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;underline&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;PadderBetweenControlandBody&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Comic Sans MS&amp;quot;; font-size: 16pt;&quot;&gt;Soal-soal astronomi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;1.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Pergeseran pada garis-garis gelap di dalam sspektrum sebuah bintang yang mengarah pada panjang gelombang yang lebih panjang biasanya mengindikasikan bahwa....&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin-left: 54pt; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;a.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Bintang itu mendekati bumi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin-left: 54pt; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;b.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Bumi mendekati bintang itu&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin-left: 54pt; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;c.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Bintang itu menjauh dari bumi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin-left: 54pt; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;d.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Bintang berotasi dengan cepat&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;2.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Spektrum garis gelap&amp;nbsp; oleh matahari disebabkan oleh....&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin-left: 54pt; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;a.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Kegiatan yang intensif pada bintik&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin-left: 54pt; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;b.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Gravitasi dari bulan&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin-left: 54pt; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;c.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Radiasi yang dikeluarkan dri sisi gelap matahari&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin-left: 54pt; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;d.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Penyerapan radiasi oleh atmosfer dari matahari&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;3.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Posisi dari sebuah bintang deret&amp;nbsp; utama di dalam diagram HR ditentukan oleh level awal dari....&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin-left: 54pt; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;a.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Luminositasnya&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin-left: 54pt; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;b.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Temperaturnya&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin-left: 54pt; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;c.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Momentum angularnya&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin-left: 54pt; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;d.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;massanya&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;4.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Lapisan dari matahari yang mengeluarkan cahaya paling kasat mata adalah....&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin-left: 54pt; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;a.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Kromosfer&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; d.&amp;nbsp; Zona khusus&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin-left: 54pt; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;b.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Litosfer&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin-left: 54pt; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;c.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;fotosfer&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;5.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Bintang-bintan pada normalnya berkembang dan menjadi tua karena....&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin-left: 54pt; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;a.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Perlahan-lahan menghabiskan bahan bakar nuklir mereka&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin-left: 54pt; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;b.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Mendingin seiring dengan berjalannya waktu&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin-left: 54pt; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;c.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Membentuk planet baru&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin-left: 54pt; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;d.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Perlahan-lahan menghabiskan energi rotasional mereka&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;6.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Sebuah bintang kurcaci tidak mengalami kehacuran lebih jauh karena....&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin-left: 54pt; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;a.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Tekanan gas normal menyeimbangkan gravitasi &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin-left: 54pt; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;b.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Tekanan elektron degenerasi menopangnya&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin-left: 54pt; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;c.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Tekanan radiasi menopangnya&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin-left: 54pt; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;d.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Karena ia berotasi dengan cepat&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;7.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Hubungan yang paling penting yang ditunjukan dalam sebuah diagram HR adalah bukti tak&amp;nbsp; langsung&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; bahwa....&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin-left: 54pt; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;a.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Noda matahri muncul pada bujur yang tinggi pada awal dari siklus noda matahari&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin-left: 54pt; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;b.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Bintang-bintang semuanya dilahirkan di dalam halo dari galaksi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin-left: 54pt; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;c.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Galaksi-galaksi seing saling bertabrakan&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin-left: 54pt; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;d.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Sebagian besar dari bintang-bintang mendapatkan luminositasnya dari fusi hidrogen&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;8.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Sebuah bintang normal akan menjadi raksasa mearah tak lama setelah....&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin-left: 54pt; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;a.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Inti bintang terkonveksi menjadi helium&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin-left: 54pt; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;b.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Inti bintang mengalami kehancuran dalam &amp;nbsp;ledakan super nova&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin-left: 54pt; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;c.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Sebagian besar dari hidrogennya terkonveksi menjadi helium dan unsur-unsur lain&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin-left: 54pt; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;d.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Temperatur inti bintang naik cukup tinggi sehingga bisa menghasilkan reaksi nuklir &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;9.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Ada lima benda langit yang nampaknya menyala dan panas (yang mungkin bintang) dan memiliki warna seperti yang disebutkan berikut ini. Mana yang mungkin paling panas...&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin-left: 54pt; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;a.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Oranye&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; d.&amp;nbsp; biru&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin-left: 54pt; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;b.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Hijau&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin-left: 54pt; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;c.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Merah &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;10.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Dari bentuk-bentuk energi elektromagnetik berikut ini, yang terdiri dari foton-foton paling rendah energinya adalah...&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin-left: 54pt; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;a.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Sinar X&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin-left: 54pt; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;b.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Cahaya kasat mata&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin-left: 54pt; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;c.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Gelombang radio&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin-left: 54pt; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;d.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Sinar ultra violet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;11.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;1,4 massa matahri adalah massa maksimal bagi....&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin-left: 54pt; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;a.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Bintang-bintang dalam deret utama&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin-left: 54pt; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;b.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Bintang-bintang neutron&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin-left: 54pt; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;c.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Lubang hitam&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin-left: 54pt; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;d.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Kurcaci putih &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;12.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Sebagian besar dari emas, platina dan nukleus-nukleus berat lainnya yang ada di dalam alam semesta kemungkinan besar terbentuk karena....&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin-left: 54pt; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;a.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Disintegrasi dari unsur-unsur radio aktif&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin-left: 54pt; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;b.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Letusan supernova&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin-left: 54pt; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;c.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Rona matahari&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin-left: 54pt; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;d.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Fusi nuklir&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;13.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Total massa kehidupan alam deret&amp;nbsp; utama untuk sebuah bintang seperti matahari kita adalah sekitar.... tahun &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin-left: 54pt; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;a.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;100 &amp;nbsp;x &amp;nbsp;10&lt;sup&gt;6 &lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin-left: 54pt; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;b.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;1 x 10&lt;sup&gt;9&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin-left: 54pt; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;c.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;10 x 10&lt;sup&gt;9&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin-left: 54pt; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;d.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;5 x 10&lt;sup&gt;9&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin-left: 54pt; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;e.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;5 x 10&lt;sup&gt;12&lt;/sup&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;14.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Filamen yang menyala dari sebuah bola lampu listrik mengeluarkan....&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin-left: 54pt; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;a.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Spektrum garis terang&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin-left: 54pt; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;b.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Spektrum absorbsi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin-left: 54pt; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;c.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Spektrum kontinu&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin-left: 54pt; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;d.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Spektrum franhouver&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;15.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Mana dari jenis-jenis radiasi elektromagnetik berikut ini yang memiliki panjang gelombang terpendek....&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin-left: 54pt; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;a.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Sinar X&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin-left: 54pt; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;b.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Cahaya kasat mata berwarna oranye&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin-left: 54pt; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;c.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Gelombang infra merah&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin-left: 54pt; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;d.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Gelombang radio&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;16.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Sebuah bintang yang memiliki massa setara dengan matahari dan kemudian menjadi raksasa merah akan....&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin-left: 54pt; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;a.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Hancur dan membentuk bintang netron&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin-left: 54pt; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;b.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Bergerak disepanjang sebuah jalur yang paralel dengan deret utama dalam diagram HR&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin-left: 54pt; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;c.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Menjadi sebuah quasar&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin-left: 54pt; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;d.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Melepaskan lapisan luarnya dan membentuk planet nebula&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;17.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Agar sebuah bintang bisa bertahan dalam kondisi ekuilibrium maka gravitasi dari dalamnya haruslah diimbangi dengan...&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin-left: 54pt; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;a.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Sinar kosmis dari permukaan&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin-left: 54pt; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;b.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Tekanan didalam interior&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin-left: 54pt; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;c.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Fluks netrino&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin-left: 54pt; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;d.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Ekspansi pada inti heliumnya&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;18.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Selama pembentukan dari sebuah bintang, penyusutan/kontraksi akan berhenti ketika....&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin-left: 54pt; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;a.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Bintang telah hancur menjadi lubang hitam&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin-left: 54pt; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;b.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Pembakaran hidrogen mejadi sumber energi yang dominan&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin-left: 54pt; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;c.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Bintang itu menjadi katai putih&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin-left: 54pt; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;d.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Bintang itu mulai mengalami denyut&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;19.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Sebuah bintang yang memiliki massa 10 kali dari matahri pada akhirnya akan...&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin-left: 54pt; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;a.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Terpecah menjadi beberapa planet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin-left: 54pt; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;b.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Membentuk sebuah planet &amp;nbsp;nebula&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin-left: 54pt; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;c.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Menjadi katai putih&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin-left: 54pt; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;d.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Meletus dalam sebuah super nova&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;20.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Kita bisa mengestimasikan ukuran dari sebuah bintang dengan menukur... &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin-left: 54pt; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;a.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Massa dan jenis spektrumnya&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin-left: 54pt; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;b.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;Luminositas absolut dan temperatur permukaan&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin-left: 54pt; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;c.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Massa da jarak&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Californian FB&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; d.&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Jenis spektrum dan jarak &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://govindaastronomy.blogspot.com/feeds/7208676165600241825/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://govindaastronomy.blogspot.com/2010/12/soal-olimpiade-astronomi-teori.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1684678318395006462/posts/default/7208676165600241825'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1684678318395006462/posts/default/7208676165600241825'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://govindaastronomy.blogspot.com/2010/12/soal-olimpiade-astronomi-teori.html' title='soal olimpiade astronomi (teori)'/><author><name>govinda al-araaf</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/04830455143926099450</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='24' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEivFjh-ec6xR2QdD35_nkpjlQluJ0naBWVQG5rHngTgEm2M5LSUGFwULnSENRwZaf8CVTRed6mE_n5IeWldRFIV_3vfbHOea_Wu1rhW2dgaXil302JwD-kwkoFiEeJh/s220/09122010154.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry></feed>