DynamicCambodia

Khmer People, The Main Citizen of Funan, Chenla and Kambujadesa Empire (Cambodia)

2025-07-20T23:43:00.005+07:00

Khmer Woman From Kampong Cham Province in the Past

Royal of Angkor Khmer Kambujadesa Empire (Cambodia at the peak in history)

Khmer people is surely the main citizen of Funan, Chenla and Kambujadesa to present Cambodia. There will not be any other ethnics to lead this kingdom other than Khmer. Some Chinese chronicles stated that Funan was already powerful at least 3 century B.C. before the coming of Brahmanism man came to marry their princess. Funan was known as the first strong kingdom in the mainland Southeast Asia before any other kingdoms and the land area cover most of Cambodia, South Cambodia (South Vietnam), part of Laos, Thailand and south of Myanmar (Mon state); anyway in these land area there were city state of Mon and Lawa which is the subordinate kingdom under Funan Khmer Kingdom's control.

Khmer people in Funan Kingdom are black skin with curly hairs. They were already the civilized society in their own way through the international trade connection to Persia, Roman, Jin (China), Java and India. There were the exchange of products from Funan to the world such as rice, salt, fish, grocery, gold, jade, pearl, medicine plant and more; the import were also from the world such as the perfume, cloth, weapons, fruit, kitchenware and so on. The ancient Khmer people were studious, hard-working trustful and friendly. They developed their kingdom to be so strong as the main power in the mainland Southeast Asia. Khmer people traded by river and sea to the world; O Ceo (O Keo) port was one the famous international port in the past to Roman world. Khmer prince or princess usually got married to nearby kingdoms such as Java or ancient Kamboja India to build the strong connection, cultural exchange, education and trade.

Khmer could build the stone temple under the influence from Kamboja India and Hinduism. Most Brahmans learnt from the ancient Kurukhsetra and Mahabharata to assist the Khmer King for various affairs. Khmer people also developed the loan alphabet from the ancient Kamboja India to be Kambujaksor (Khmer Kambuja script) uniquely from other states. Khmer kings were open to the world and strategically lead the kingdom until becoming one of the strong empire of the region to defeat many neighboring states bordering to Burma and China in the north and Malay Java in the south.

Khmer king also used various tribes as the extra workers for the empire that he caught from the defeating war with neighboring kingdom and mountain tribes such as Raman (Mon), Cham, Tai (Siam), Lawa, Java, Bunong and Khmu. Khmer king aleady sent the empire tribute embassy to Jin (China) and more to strengthen the bilateral relationship with other giant empires. Through the international trade, Khmer people were well-known in contact with many international traders in the ancient time.

Khmer people loves their motherland so much and devoted to expand the empire as large as the map during the Jayavarma VII reign. However, the empire decline made Khmer people to slowly under developed due to the long time of the subsequent war after the decline and attack from Siam and Viet Rebellion. Siam people tried to claim as the descendent of the Khmer empire, but reject Khmer people. They promoted the word Khom people to delete Khmer people from their own long time history. Luckily, Khmer people are knowledgeable and gain more study in the various languages to defense their real status of the Khmer Kambujadesa Empire to avoid the Siam claiming on the Khmer culture they adopted.

Khmer people really don't like Siam (today Thailand) in term of history as this ethnic are lying their own people about the real Khmer history; Khmer, born in Thailand, got misinformation about their ancestors and history that they started to go against their previous nation of Khmer Empire and believe in the fake Khom History. Khmer Cambodia and Khmer South Cambodia (Today south Vietnam) have never been like Khmer in Thailand; all love Khmer culture, literature and identity. They believe in Cambodia to bring the better future for Khmer nation again. Khmer people will protect everything from Khmer Empire, especially culture and identity not to let Siam people stole whatever our ancestor granted us.

"Don't Thai to me!" is the last word for Thai nations and "We are Khmer and the independent Khmer nation of Cambodia and Khmer in South Cambodia (currently under Viet control), the only descendent of Khmer Funan, Chenla and Khmer Kambujadesa Empire" to all the Khmer and other nations around the world loudly.

History Brought Cambodia Thai Border Conflict Over 3 Khmer Ancient Temples and Franco-Siam Based Map for Border Demarcation

2025-07-20T10:37:00.008+07:00

Cambodia is the oldest kingdom housing mostly the Austroasiatic ethnic including Khmer mainly, Mon, Khmu, Lawa and mountain tribes like Bunong and Chong in the mainland Southeast Asia starting from Pre-historical Funan (Phnom Kingdom-Kambuja Sovarnnabhumi), Chenla (Kambujadesa) to current Cambodia. The most powerful trade port of O Ceo (O Keo in Khmer) of Funan was so famous worldwide to trade with Roman, Persian, Jin (China), Java and other kingdoms in the region. Cambodia used to become the great Khmer empire at the peak of Cambodia history controlled over the vast land area more than 1 million square kilometer covering currently whole part of Cambodia, half of middle to south Vietnam including the former Champa Kingdom, mostly Laos and Thailand and South of of China and Myanmar over Mon Kingdom; the central citizen and court is Khmer People controlled over other ethnics such as Mon, Khmu, Lawa, Lao, Cham people and some tribes of Tai-Kadai in the north near currently Vietnam and China.

In 13th century, Khmer Empire started to weaken due to the invasion from Mongol Empire on the Khmer Empire in the north and former Champa Kingdom under Khmer control. Also, there was the natural disaster of long drought and big flood in some areas of the country; Khmer Kings and his royal families got into the conflict of the Hindu (Siva) and Buddhism (Tantra Mahayana) giving the opportunity to Tai-Kadai and Lao subordinate leaders under Khmer central court to protest and gained independence in the area that Khmer King assigned them. Several kingdoms arised such as Lanna Kingdom (Lao), Lanchang Kingdom (Lao), Champa Kingdom (Cham), Haripunchai Kingdom (Mon) and Sokhothai Kingdom (Tai Siam). There was chaos in Yasodharapura Royal Capital to fight those rebellions at the same time and burden of the large stone temples caused economic down.

In 14th century, Ayudhya City (the current central Thailand) of Khmer Royal Families separated from Khmer Empire to establish the independent Lavo Kingdom with capital in Ayudhya. They also started attacking Khmer Empire to regain more power in the region instead of Khmer King in the Yasodharapura of Khmer Empire. Lastly, Ayudhya troops succesfully sacked Yasodharapura Capital of Khmer Empire three times and evacuated all Khmer people and all valuable property (gold and ancient Khmer script documents) in the capital to Ayudhya Capital; that was the ending point of Khmer Empire. It should be noted that Ayudhya capital of Lavo Kingdom under Khmer Royal Families controlled only a short period of time and Tai Siam stole their kingship over Ayudhya Capital and replaced Siam people as the main people of Ayudhaya Kingdom instead of Khmer people. After that, Siam Ayudhaya Kingdom always tried to grab the remaining area of Cambodia, but was beaten by Burma and Khmer Longvek troops. Khmer Kingdom (Cambodia) only survived at the short of time and recovered in the golden age of the international trade again during Longvek Capital era. Sadly, Siam attacked Longvek capital again in the late 16th century.

Khmer Cambodia Kingdom was weaken again and again from the attack of Siam and new enemy of the east, Viet tribe after they attacked Champa kingdoms several times. Khmer King tried to survive by depending on one side of Siam or Viet to attack each other in Cambodia to delay the time. During that Siam started to use their power on Khmer King to control over the northwest of Cambodia (Inner Cambodia) and Viet to slowly control over South Cambodia (Kampuchea Krom known as Cochin China during French colonialism) and turtured millions of Khmer Krom people.

Until French colonialized Cambodia to make it stable, but financially crisis for Khmer family to get burdens of taxation. There was the key points of French colonialism done in Cambodia such as Cambodia gained her some land areas from Thailand over the northeast of Cambodia and loss of South Cambodia (Khmer Kambuja Krom) to Vietnam. That also brought to the current conflict border between Cambodia and Siam (Today Thailand) that Thai people never mishope to regain control over the Cambodia border land that they used to controlled before French colonialism; Siam used to cooperate with Japan to gain control over some part of Cambodia land, but returned back during Japan lost in World War II.

Today, Siam (Thailand) tried to gain much as possible by using the different map from Franco - Siam treaty 1907. Siam is mapping based on 1:50000 drawn by American troops unofficially while Cambodia still claims the map base 1:200000 from Franco-Siam treaty. Siam never wishes to deal with Cambodia in the international court of justice, but they thought that bilateral discussion with Cambodia will let them use the map 1:50000 to gain control over the 3 Khmer ancient temples and some land area on the Cambodia land close to border. Unfortunately, Cambodia refused on that to protect the Khmer remaining territory, especially 3 ancient Khmer temples such Ta Krobey Temple (Thai called Ta Khwai), Tamon Toch Temple and Tamon Thom Temple and brought this case to the ICJ, but Thailand refuse to cooperate and reject ICJ authority and decision.

Currently, some Thai nationalists and troops still eagers to control those temples forcely, but Cambodia is waiting from ICJ decision and ASEAN-China to come in stop Thai greed.

I hope Cambodia will get their full right over her land and Thai troops withdraw from those temples based on the international law and recognized Franco-Siam treaty in 1907.

Prājñā (Wisdom), the “states of deep sleep”

2024-11-21T15:19:00.001+07:00

Prājñā refers to the “states of deep sleep”. Actually, enough sleep could help people to keep their brain healthy; Generally, everyone needs to sleep every day to balance their power for work and life. No one ever work daily without any sleep; it varies from person to person.

Meaning of Prajnaparamita for Cambodian (Khmer Language for Khmer People)

2024-11-21T15:05:00.003+07:00

បារមិតា => បរម (Perfect) ប្រកបដោយ (ទាន សីល សន្តិ វីរៈ សមាធិ ប្រាជ្ញា ឧបាយ ប្រណិធាន ពលៈ ញាណ)

បរមប្រាជ្ញា (Prajnaparamita) សម្រាប់ជីវិតដ៏ប្រសើរមាន៖

១. ការលះបង់និងអោយទាន

២.សីលធម៌

៣.ថាមពលចិត្តនិងកាយ

៤.ចិត្តស្ងប់គិតពីអនាគតនិងដើរទៅមុខជានិច្ច

៥.ចំណេះដឹងនិងជំនាញ (ចេះ១០មិនស្មើប្រសប់១)

៦.សតិសម្បជញ្ញៈ

៧.ឈ្នះឈ្នះដោយសន្តិភាព

៨ .ឧបាយត្រូវ (ជំនាញដោះស្រាយបញ្ហា)

៩.ជួយអ្នកដទៃ

១០.កម្លាំងក្នុងជីវិត

La Ang Spean in Battambang, The Oldest Prehistoric Site in Cambodia

2020-12-05T18:48:00.013+07:00

Pre-history in Cambodia is really important to tell about the past of Cambodia (Kamboja / Kambuja / Kanbawza). Cambodia locates in the mainland Southeast Asia. The ancient people lived here thousand years before the historical record known to the world. To study about the pre-history in Cambodia, they never forget one place as the oldest prehistoric site of Cambodia in the northwest region of this country, Battambang Province. Battambang has been known to the world for its prehistoric site, La Ang Spean, in the cave of Teak Trang Mountain telling the secret how ancient people movement in this area and habitating here since the Stone Age. The cave of La Ang Spean prehistoric site locates on the west part of Teak Trang Mountain in the Kilo 38 Village, Treng Commune, Rattanak Mondol District, Battambang province and 40 km westward from Battambang City . Both international and national tourists can travel to this prehistoric site through National Road 10 (Today National Road 57) from Battambang City to Pailin Province. The name of La Ang Spean came from the view of the stone above the cave that look like bridge in the cave. It should be noted that Teak Trang Mountain was formed at about 300 million B.C. during the earth plain movements.

In 1964, Mr. Roland Mourer and his wife, Cécile came to Cambodia for this well-known prehistoric site and did a research over land area of 15 square metre in the mountain cave of this prehistoric site. This cave is 42 metre long, 20 metre wide and 20 metre high. They dug the soil near the west wall of the cave around 1.5 metre deep and found that there are 9 layers of soil. In the 9th layer of soil, they saw a lot of stone equipments and broken part of pottery products such as jar, porcelain, etc. They set the age of soil as to the stone age from 8500 to 6800 B.C.

Recently, archaeologists from France with Cambodian archaeologists from Ministry of Culture and Fine Arts did a research on the land area of 70 square metres and found many equipments and broken jar of local prehistoric people used at La Ang Spean Prehistoric Site. They found 5 ancient dead body: one is female and others are male which at least from 3300 to 3370 B.C. Along with the buried ancient dead body, there are porcelain, ax made of limestone, some with arrows, some without arrows, stone bracelets, stone beads and animal bones, especially turtle bones (Yosothor Organization, 2020). From this research, both French and Cambodian archaeologists believed that these ancient people at La Ang Spean Pre-Historical Site can use various equipments and pottery products in different designs as you can find below photos (Yosothor Organization, 2020).

Based on the previous research, people living in the cave of La Ang Spean Prehistoric Site can be traced back into three stages:

From 26000 to 71000 years before now ( Stone Age) in the layer of soil from 3 metre to 5 metre of the cave: there was the note for human activity with animal bones and stone equipments. People lived based on picking wild fruits and shooting animals and little fish.
From 5100 to 11000 years before now (Ending Stone Age) in the layer of soil from 30 centimetre to 1.4 metre (black soil layer from 30 centimetre to 40 centimetre): prehistoric people use stones from nearby river to use as stone equipments. There are lots of bone fragments, as well as snail shells and shells. When the bones of these animals are analyzed, it is found that most of them are large species such as rhinos, giraffes, rattlesnakes, tigers and deer. In addition, there are wild boars, deers, hedgehogs, ferrets, cobra, pythons, monitor lizard, birds and little fish bones which were left behind as their daily food. People lived in this period picking wild fruits and shooting animals and little fish while stayed in the cave.
From 3300 to 3370 years before now (Bronze Age): during this period, due to the warming temperature, people moving outside the cave to live on the farm doing agriculture and fishery. They just used the cave at La Ang Spean prehistoric site of Teak Trang Mountain as the buried place for their relatives' dead bodies which found 5 ancient dead bodies. It is believed that people moving southwards during this period to other location with the support of the warming temperature.

La Ang Spean is surely the known oldest prehistoric site in Cambodia. It should be promoted to worldwide for more research study to find more evidence of human settlement in this area as well as for Cambodia's pre-history. Based on this data, we hope more Cambodian people will get interested in this research and educate our people about the root of our history well. We are not born alone, so we shall learn history as the lessons from our ancestors who lived thousand years before now and live in peace with each other. Nature can take us back one day when we are trying to destroy the nature around us.

By: Steung Khiev

Source: http://www.yosothor.org/publications/khmer-renaissance/chapter-four/lphol-tmey-tmey-ban-mok-pi-kamnay-nov-snanny-laang-spean.html

Ros Sereysothea as Khmer Golden Voice Princess, Life and Achievement in Cambodia

2020-12-03T21:25:00.006+07:00

Ros Sereysothea (1947-1977)

Everyone in Cambodia surely knows the most famous female singer, Ros Sereysothea. What is special about her? Why do we need to remember her name when you're going to Cambodia?

Let me tell you that Ros Sereysothea coming from Battambang Province in the northwest region in Cambodia can speak Khmer, Thai and little English. She was known to be born on 06 November 1947 in Battambang Town, Battambang Province.

So you can guess what will I tell you about her? Haha.... Yeah! She is my favorite female Khmer singer before April 1975. She is purely Cambodian and a Khmer woman who never give up. She was so successful for her singing career with Sinn Sisamouth. She loves singing since she was a child in a poor family. However, she wasn't well with love and men always broke her heart.

A note for you is this woman singer being different from others. She has very highly sweet voice and she can make your heart beating by listening to her song. She is very introvert person and she rarely talks much. She loves to stay calm and respects others. She likes simple Khmer food with fresh fruit and avoid the cold drink or beer to affect her voice. She is also good at jogging, badminton and mini marathon.

She had been very active for her singing career from 1964 to 1975. Her first famous song is Steung Khiev (Sangker River), written by Mr. Pov Sipho. Most of her songs is with Sinn Sisamouth, the most famous male singer in Cambodia. He helped her from sadness and be strong for singing career. Besides that, she was also the female parachutists for modeling the women in the troops as well.

Sothea was forced to leave Phnom Penh to Pnhom Sruch, Kampong Speu on 17 April 1975. She was said to live as normal people in the village marrying a local man and lived with her family during Khmer Rouge. Unfortunately, she and her family was captured and killed in April 1977 due to people noticed her and surrounded her without attendng the Khmer Rouge Meeting. Thousand of her songs still remain and video below from youtube is her best songs. Don't forget to listen to relax and best wish for her to RIP.

By: Steung Khiev

Covid-19 and Cambodia Struggling Economy in 2020

2020-11-30T22:16:00.004+07:00

The Very Quiet Scenes of Local Theatre Educational Center, Phare Ponleu Selpak

Covid-19 is the worth epidemic for the world and Cambodia. Billion of people were suffered from the Coronavirus outbreak since the early 2020 and economically lost for their daily life. Million of people lost jobs or income as less people travelling and border closing.

Cambodian people who depend on agriculture saw a big loss with this outbreak and pandemic life. There is still ongoing report of Covid-19 cases within the country and people are hard to find enough incomes during this period, especially everyone who depends on the international tourism.

Businesses in the international tourism are closing some and art performance are no show anymore after many events cancelled. Phare Ponleu Selpak is one of them which suffered economically and artists are hard to support themselves.

People who depend on salary are seeing a financial crisis as some are laid off and some working in very low income jobs. They are affected mentally and physically while the price of the food and products are going up. Sellers along the road get less customers as less people travel during the news of local communities' Covid-19 outbreak.

If it takes that longer period, more people will find no way to support their life. Crimes will be increased and local people will be suffered more. We are really concerned for Cambodia and the world that this might be the third cold war for our people to struggle. Who develop and study about this virus? Who will be responsible for the hardship of these people? Humanity is till there yet or not?

We hope Cambodia to recover soon and businesses and trades will increase more for our people to sell their agricultural products. We wish for factory who love to develop the factory to create the final products from our raw agricultural crops. We wish to have more rice mill and rice market for Cambodia to trade on. Let's contact Cambodia for your wish to trade rice; our farmers will be happy if more trades are available.

By: Steung Khiev

Yike Is Khmer Traditional Performance

2020-11-30T21:27:00.004+07:00

Khmer in Early 1900s

Yike is Khmer traditional theatre with the ancient music and singers. It was thought to originate since Funan period in the first century of Khmer Kingdom. Yike is not only popular among Khmer people, but Cham people also loves it as both Khmer and Cham share the same root of history as the center for trade in Southeast Asia between the ancient kingdoms from today China and India. There were many intermarriages between local people and royal family to the traders, academicians and royal families from ancient kingdoms in India today. There were also the international relation with Royal House of the ancient kingdoms in China for religion and leadership.

During 1960s, Khmer loved seeing Yike Performance and artists were very influential to people in Cambodia. Many Khmer literature were used to create Yike Performance while people would like to relax after working on their farm and rice field during big events like Khmer New Year, etc. There were some Yike songs created as well for local people to learn and sing. A lot of masterpieces from Yike Theatre Group during that period remains till today even their artists were tortured by communist group in Cambodia during 1975-1979 with the support from neighboring communist and big communist country. Only few artists survived the regime and Yike is still known in Khmer National Radio during 1980s and 1990s, but today there is less popularity due to the influence for the modern multimedia such as TV and YouTube for foreign performance. Besides Khmer people in Cambodia, there are millions of Khmer communities living in neighboring countries such as South Vietnam (before is South Cambodia or French Cochinchina) and northeastern Thailand (part of the ancient Khmer Empire) who love seeing Yike performance, especially millions of Khmer Krom people in today Southern Vietnam (South Cambodia) totalling to 21 provinces.

Khmer overseas in USA, Australia, New Zealand, Malaysia, Laos, some other parts of Thailand (Ratchaburi, Prachinburi, Kanchanaburi, Suphanburi, Sa Kaeo, Krung Thep (Bangkok), Chanthaburi, Trat, etc), France and Germany also support Yike performance online watch with YouTube Channel as well. We hope that Yike will be well-preserved and popular again among Cambodian youth and young Khmer living overseas. "Yike is our heart and soul, let's watch it!"

By: Steung Khiev

Cambodia and E-Learning in 2020

2020-06-22T11:27:00.001+07:00

App for Cambodian Learning Online

On June 22, 2020, H.E. HANG Chuonnarong, Minister of MoEYS Cambodia, gave a speech during the celebration of Digital Learning and Distance Learning building to be repaired at Preah Sisowath High School according to live video on MoEYS Cambodia Facebook Page. He noted that digital learning is really important for Cambodia not only during Covid-19, but also after that as well. Blended learning will be used for our educational system with the support from Google classroom (Google Sheet) and other technology.

He also wishes to launch smart classroom (digital classroom) and video conference to be used in every school throughout Cambodia. He also gave special thanks to stakeholder who supported financially and technically. It should be noted that not only high school is going to upgrade for educational technology, but also some universities in Cambodia going for online education such Institute of Technology in Cambodia (ITC/Techno), Phnom Penh International University (PPIU), etc.

He also talked about the percentage of students (3 millions) throughout Cambodia as the participants to have smart phone only 30%, but other students can use it with friends as the group study with only one phone, another 30% expected for online TV education for more 30% while others can use self-study.

Finally, we do hope Cambodian educational system to be upgraded with educational technology soon and we can broader our experience with this technology with the start under leadership of H.E. HANG Chuonnarong.

https://elearning.moeys.gov.kh/

Huy Meas, Popular Story Speaking Star on National Radio of Cambodia in The Past

2020-05-13T01:22:00.002+07:00

ហួយ មាស តារាល្ខោននិយាយដ៏ស្រួយរបស់កម្ពុជា

Huy Meas, Popular Star on National Radio of Cambodia

Today Huy Meas was already not in this world anymore because of the world ideological war on Cambodia leading to Khmer Rouge Regime (Apr 1975 - Jan 1979), but her tiny sweet voice is still the most popular among Cambodian who like listening to story speaking on National Radio of Cambodia. Therefore, we talk about her story speaking on national radio with her background and career.

Huy Meas was born in Battambang Province in 1946 and started her singing career at very young age. She attended the religious ceremony with her grandmother and hymn there. Her voice made her noticeable among audience in Battambang and she won the champion on singing contest as well. Then she moved to Phnom Penh to start her professional singing career and got a chance to be host on national radio and star on story speaking to educate people throughout the country.

She was considered to be the best female radio host and star on story speaking with her sweet voice. We can say she is the golden voice for radio hosting and story speaking. She can use many styles of her voice to entertain people in various characteristics

She was so flexible to any changes that she sang from traditional song to western song mixed with English. Her songs, radio host recording and story speaking still remains till today and local residents can listen on YouTube.com for her sweet voice. Just note that she was unfortunately found by Khmer Rouge Regime in Moung Reussey District, Battambang in 1977 and was tortured until her death by their hand. We wish her RIP forever and released all pains she got during Khmer Rouge Regime.

By: Steung Khiev

ភាពទំនើបកម្មនិងល្ខោននិយាយគួរអោយចង់ស្ដាប់ ដូចមើលឃើញ។ តោះស្ដាប់សំឡេងហួយមាសដ៏ពីរោះនិងក្រុមវិទ្យុជាតិម្ដងមើល!!!

ស្ដាប់សំលេងហួយ មាសច្រៀង

សំលេងវិទ្យុជាតិដោយហួយ មាស

Toyota Drawing Dream Car Contest Cambodia Award 2020

2020-05-08T14:58:00.001+07:00

Cambodian Student from Phare Ponleu Selpak, Lex Tingkong,

One of the Awardee, in Toyota Cambodia Drawing Contest 2020

Drawing is so popular among young Cambodian nowadays. There are many drawing classes at private school and some art schools supported by NGOs. Phare Ponleu Selpak is an association to support students giving free education of drawing. Here, Mr. Lex Tingkong, a student from Visual and Applied Arts School of Phare Ponleu Selpak, go the drawing award in TOYOTA Drawing Contest 2020 about Dream Car. You see his artwork is so interesting mixed with Khmer Art and his imagination.

Drawing is not only about Khmer art, but now being mixed with contemporary art by the western influence as well. Kids are now smart and so creative. We believe in them bring Cambodia drawing art to the world contest as well.

Regarding to the Toyota drawing contest is done annually and many kids attended from all provinces and cities of Cambodia. This is the good initiative for Cambodia to start valuing our culture and art; art can change life of an individual.

Hope you support our young Cambodia for their creative artwork and there is drawing being sold near the temple and some shops in the city as well. Take care at your home and learn to draw for your own experience.

By: Steung Khiev

Findings of Ancient Turtle Statue and Gem in the middle of Angkor Water Reservoir, Cambodia

2020-05-08T13:44:00.002+07:00

ការកឃើញដ៏អស្ចារ្យអំឡុងពេលជួសជុលប្រាសាទកណ្ដាលស្រះស្រង់

Ancient Turtle Statue Inside Srah Srong (Angkor Water Reservoir)

in front of Banteay Kdey Temple, Siem Reap, Cambodia

Just few days ago, Khmer Apsara Authority just got interview about their findings under the Angkor Water Reservoir in front of Banteay Kdey Temple, Siem Reap Province, Cambodia. It should be noted this water reservoir is around 1000 years old and never dry. Cambodian People (Khmer) just visit sitting at the bank of water reservoir and sometimes swimming there as they believe it is magic water to cure all weakness since the ancient time.

With this findings alert us about how the life in the ancient be and their belief in this water reservoir. Normally, they believe turtle (Kūrma) supporting the earth in the story of Ramayana (Reamker) when the asura and deva joining to move the mountain with the help from turtle (Vrah Visnu) to support the mountain easily move to get the magic longlife water. They believe turtle is the support of universe with great efforts and honesty to the world giving life for others. Therefore, the findings here includes turtle, Naga and gem here might represents the story of Ramayana meaning that water in this Baray is magic to support life in this kingdom, Kambojadesa (Cambodia).

Gem represents the property for under the sea that is precious to give the beauty of water more magic and temple inside of this Baray is surely the representation of mount Meru. This is the very good findings for Cambodian to understand about profound knowledge of our ancestors. We shall strive harder for rebuilding this kingdom again and again until we can live in peace and happy life. Naga is also important here since we know that our people believe Naga is one part of our ancestor that is listed in the story of Ramayana.

Hope you have time to visit Cambodia and enjoy our cultural heritage and temples throughout the land here. We will surely serve you good food and fresh mood in the paradise of nature in Cambodia. Covid-19 go, so we will meet here in Cambodia. Good luck and take care your health, everyone.

By: Steung Khiev

How to Read Your First Page of Book for World Future Reading

2020-05-07T17:33:00.003+07:00

Reading is one of the four skill for learning any language or knowledge. To read effectively and efficiently, you need to read more about good strategy towards your continuous reading. Here is just few concepts for you to consider about good reading.

Imagine that you are reading a page in the book and ask yourself with these questions:

1. What will I learn?

2. Can I get good ideas to share with others?

3. What can I do for my real life?

នៅពេលអ្នកអានបានចប់មួយទំព័រ ឬមួយជំពូក អ្នកគួរសួរខ្លួនអ្នកថា៖

ក) តើខ្ញុំរៀនបានអ្វីខ្លះ?
ខ) តើខ្ញុំអាចយកទៅចែករំលែកជាមួយអ្នកដទៃនូវអ្វីបានខ្លះ?
គ) តើអ្វីខ្លះដែលខ្ញុំអាចយកទៅអនុវត្តបាន?

The strategies that you can use for your good reading results are:

1. Using prior knowledge or previewing: to make your understanding faster on a reading, just review back to your own knowledge before to make your reading more interesting and focus on new information only.

2. Predicting: you know why predicting is good before you start your reading? Honestly, when you think about something before you do it, it will help you generate your consciousness during your reading and you easily grab new information faster.

3. Identifying the main ideas and summary: on an article of your reading, normally it will have main ideas that you need to understand it and figure out for understanding fast with your summarization.

4. Questioning: just ask yourself why you read it and for what as well as what is your expectation for this reading to help you gain more comprehension.

5. Visualizing: reading and imagine about the reality as it is happening and reflecting to the real life you are facing.

Lastly, it is recommended for you to look back at your own reading style and type of article you really need for your better life. Let's do based on your preference and need. Good luck to your reading and stay safe during this Covid-19.

By: Steung Khiev

Phom Sampov, Paradise of Nature in Battambang, Cambodia

2020-05-06T18:35:00.002+07:00

Tree on Phnom Sampov, Battambang, Cambodia

Do you know Cambodia yet? Cambodia locates on the Indochinese Peninsula bording Thailand to the west, Laos to the North, Vietnam to the East and Gulf of Siam to the South. The main capital is Phnom Penh and there are big cities like Battambang, Sihanoukville, Siem Reap, Takhmao, Poipet, Kampong Cham, etc. Today, I am going to bring you all to Phnom Sampov of Battambang, Cambodia. Battambang locates in the northwest of Cambodia bording Thailand and four provinces of Cambodia such as Pursat, Banteay Meanchey, Pailin and Siem Reap. People usually loves nature in Battambang and Phnom Sampov being far from Battambang city around 12 km is the very famous mount here representing Battambang provinces. It is the soul of our residents here having the best natural shape of caves, Khmer architectural art and Buddha, especially having around 2 million bats. When we go on the top of this mountain, we can view the surrounding nature such as rich rice field, infrastructure, irrigation system, blue sky, fresh wind and the range of other long mountains.

Do you love to see natural view in Battambang, Cambodia?

Besides that, there is the road that you can drive motorbike or car to the mount top as well. Along the road to the top, you will feel surprising to see so many trees along and adventurous as the scaring mode when you look down the road back. There are monkeys and many statues on the top. You can feed them, but be careful as some of them should not be underestimated. Some are so aggressive and some are gentle. They usually look for food that you can feed them. Furthermore, you can pray to all the magic statue and Buddha. With the sun shinning, the beauty of this mount is the best in the morning and during sun set.

Local people usually come in family and enjoy during national holiday like Pchum Ben or Khmer New Year (Chol Chnam Thmey/Sangkranta). If it is holiday, you will find people around going up and down on the mountain in different caves. Battambang is surely one the best place in Cambodia for you to enjoy nature and daily life of our local people. There are different meal that you can taste with very suitable pricing. Recently, there is flower park near the mountain for you to enjoy taking photo with a lot of flowers. There are many oldies song before 1975 such as Tov Leng Phnom Sampov and Anusavry Khnong Phnom Sampov.

This mountain is the center for you to enjoy and then choose other options for next destination such as Kamping Puoy lake, Banan Temple, Banan Bamboo Train, Sneung Temple, rapids or going to Pailin for waterfall. Let's enjoy if you come and can contact me for your guide on weekend @ pokpanhavuth@gmail.com. Please kindly support us and we will welcome you well after better situation of Covid-19. Good luck to all and hope everyone can come and enjoy at Phnom Sampov Mountain.

By: Steung Khiev

Covid-19 and LGBT in Cambodia Today

2020-05-05T07:54:00.000+07:00

Cambodia Map with LGBT Color

Everything in this world gets affected and LGBT is one of those as well. People, known as out of nature, live with daily life as others and still new to cultural society of Cambodia. Khmer people, mostly shy and not satisfied for anyone as LGBT in the past, but now seems change. Because some members of the family being LGBT changing concept of this society. Anyway, LGBT in Cambodia today still faces more difficulty than others during epidemic. Mostly, they lost their job, especially make up job due to cancel or delay of wedding ceremony.

Why Covid-19 is the main factor for difficulty of LGBT in Cambodia? As you know, Covid-19 affected everyone around the globe and that's also including LGBT in Cambodia. As you know already that they are less priority of the society and during this difficult time, it is more difficult for them as the society affected with economic activity slow down.

At last, most of them are unemployed or cannot process their daily business as normal as most people stay safe and stay home, especially some business was closed down due to financial loss during this time.

We hope LGBT will find their way for their own economic status by themselves, but we hope everyone gives them a hand as well during this difficult time. Good luck and that's a short report to know about our LGBT in Cambodia today. More information will come more soon.

By: Steung Khiev

Remdesevir, Treatment for Covid-19 (Corona) In USA

2020-05-05T06:44:00.003+07:00

Donald Trump (US President in 2020)

As covid-19 concern in USA, Donald Trump supports the medical team to use Remdesevir (Medicine for Ebola) to be used for treatment of Covid-19 after successful medical test. It should be noted that Covid-19 is the most concerned issues for everyone on our planet. All countries has seen the significant slow down of economic activities and education as well due to the social distancing recommended by WHO (World Health Organization). In fact, we really don't care where it is from, but we do care more on how to treat it well and which medicine is effectively used to treat this disease.

China has seen the very low rate of Covid-19 infection (Corona) recently as other countries, especially USA are facing the higher rate of Covid-19 infection and death. However, with this medicine, we believe that soon Covid-19 will disappear soon. Right now, shipping of products also gets stuck as most flight was canceled and tourism is also so low now. People are afraid to go out of home and delay all their trips to different places, especially overseas. Some effects of Covid-19 on world society is online business and e-learning has seen the first time more popular among residents around the globe. People are asking what medicine or vaccine is going to help us out of Covid-19 and we do hope Remdesevir save us.

Stay safe and we wish you all the best for this situation.

By: Steung Khiev

Covid-19 in Cambodia and How We Prevent It in 2020

2020-05-01T06:25:00.002+07:00

Do you know abouth Corona or Covid-19?

RIP! I think you all know about this name. Coronavirus or Covid-19 is supposed to come from Wuhan, China. Then it spreads across the globe to some regions such South East Asia, South Asia, Europe, Middle East, America, etc. Cambodia locates in South East Asia bordering Vietnam, Thailand, Laos and Gulf of Siam also got affected by Covid-19; since Mid-March school nationwide is ordered to close and online learning is being popular term to Ministry of Education, Youth and Sport (MoEYS), teacher and students.

As report worldwide as of May 01, 2020, more than 3 million people got infected, around 1 million people recovered and more than two hundred thousand people died. Similarly, national report in Cambodia shows that 122 people got infected, 119 recovered and 3 still remains at the covid-19 treatment center; there is no dead reported in Cambodia. Most cases of Covid-19 in Cambodia are imported mainly from China, Japan, Europe and Malaysia and very few cases is locally transmitted. However, both government and our residents are still taking care of this case that mostly we remain home and get more distance from society. All social events such concerts, wedding ceremony and parties were all cancelled or postponed. Government of Cambodia also educates people about Covid-19 and how we prevent it well; residents are supposed to buy their own masks and alcoholic gel to clean their hand so often that their hand are recommended to stay away from face.

What affects Cambodia the most from Covid-19 is more unemployment in many industries, especially tourism that most jobs are postponed or layoff. Economic activity see the first time of lost to all stakeholders in this society and some families lost income to support their family facing the big financial problem due to having loan with financial institutions. This concern makes Cambodia to request some financial institution to delay their repayment of loan or postpone without charges for few months. Some international organization depending on income from tourism (Circus show and selling some artworks) to support their activities also face challenges for on-going operation that becomes in salary cut down and few layoff. If it is more serious in the future, more layoffs is supposed to be done and unemployment rate will be higher. Phare Ponleu Selpak in Battambang is one of those who is now seeking for fund or grants overseas to support their operations as mostly this association is to educate young Cambodian on art education and technology to change their life through the art such as on circus skill, music, dance, other performances, graphic design, animation, and visual arts. However, as most of the incomes are from circus show to foreign tourists that now close for awhile affected the future operation as there is no more income to operate. Currently, they are striving their best to operate with their left limited budget as well. Please support if you can for this art training center in Battambang, Cambodia. Find their contact at: https://phareps.org , https://fb.com/pharevaas/ , https://fb.com/PhareCircus/ , https://fb.com/phareponleuselpak/ , https://fb.com/pharepas/ .

Currently, residents start feeling a bit relaxed, but government has warning that second spread of Covid-19 can happen any time that both public and private school still not open yet. Actually, students and teachers start their cooperation through online learning that mainly support from MoEYS and IT stakeholders. People just keep hope alive and expect Covid-19 to an end soon. They need their daily life to be normal as before; surely that Covid-19 destroyed us in different way that all of us got affected mentally and physically. Let's make a wish for our earth, stay home stay safe!

By: Steung Khiev

Revised Cambodia Traffic Law 2020 with More Charges From 01 May 2020

2020-04-30T20:33:00.001+07:00

All Cambodian will need to obey the new revision of Cambodia traffic law 2020 for more charges (fine) higher than before three or four times. It is to note that from tomorrow (01 May 2020) that the implementation of charges of new traffic law will start and whoever commits the crime on the this law, will be charged and vehicle confiscated for three days until they go to pay the fine completely.

As in the video, you will see that all traffic police in Cambodia for 4000 spots are ready to start tomorrow. I hope all people, especially young Cambodian knows and be careful on the road to obey this law with all documentation with them.

The law is as the following:

Drink driving

To try and help clamp down on drink driving incidents, drivers can be charged between 250,000-800,000 KHR (USD$60-200) for being a certain amount above the limit on the alcohol test. In addition, the drivers won’t be allowed to complete their journey. (It did not specify the limit or how drivers can get home).

Motorbikes and Tuk-Tuk

As part of the updates to the Road Traffic Law, fines for motorcycle or Tuk-Tuk drivers and motorbike riders who fail to wear helmets or wear them incorrectly is now 60,000 KHR ($15).

Other fines of 15,000 KHR ($3.75) are for motorcycle and Tuk-Tuk drivers:
- Parking in places forbidden by the law.
- Carrying too many passengers.
- Driving up to 19km/h over the speed limit.
- Ignoring traffic signs.

Light and Heavy vehicles

Fines of 75,000 KHR and 150,000 KHR ($18-36) will be issued if the correct documentation such as driving license and business permits are shown when stopped.

If drivers are caught talking on their phones while driving, fines of 120,000 KHR ($30 USD) for light vehicles and 225,000 KHR ($56) for heavy vehicles can be issued.

Driving without a driver’s license or if the license has been revoked or suspended can be a 1.2 million KHR fine ($300), or 2.4 million KHR ($600) if driving a heavy vehicle. If the offence is repeated with six months, drivers can face legal charges.

All vehicles

Other fines will make the owner/driver liable to pay between 180,000 and 375,000 KHR ($45-95) for such as:
- Failing to conduct vehicle inspections.
- Changing the color of the vehicle without permission.
- Placing stickers in inappropriate areas.

Illegal racing or drive exceeding the speed limit by 40 km/h could result in fines between 300,000 and 625,000 ($75-160).

Khmer Surin Today (ខ្មេរ៍សុរិន្ទ្របច្ចុប្បន្ន)

2020-04-30T18:19:00.001+07:00

Prasat Sikhoraphum, Surin, Thailand

(ប្រាសាទសិខរភូមិ នៅខេត្តសុរិន្ទ្រ ប្រទេសថៃ)

Khmer Surin is a word known to all Khmer in Cambodia as our people living in Thailand. In fact, there is another name for all Khmer in Thailand as Northeastern Khmer, Western Khmer and Khmer-Thai because if we talk about Khmer Surin, it means only Khmer living in Surin while Khmer Buriram, Khmer Sisaket, and Khmer in other provinces of Thailand don't prefer to be called as Khmer Surin. They have been living there since the pre-history. During the peak of Khmer Empire (Kamvujadesa from 802 AD to 1432AD), our Kingdom covers larger territory on the most of Thailand and Laos, some part of Burma and China and two third of Vietnam today, especially Srindrapura (Surin) is also one of the main town as well.

Today there is more than one million people living in Surin Province and over 50% are Khmer descendant in Thailand and we have other several million of Khmer living in Buriram Province, Sisaket Province, Roi Et Province, Ubonratchathani Province and Nakhonrat Sima Province, Chanthaburi Province, Sakaeo Province, Trat Province, Prachinburi Province, Ratchaburi Province and some in Bangkok. I would call Khmer in Thailand as Khmer Surin to easily call them together. Most of older Khmer Surin can speak Khmer language fluently while less younger Khmer Surin can speak Khmer fluently.

There are Khmer temples in Nakhonratchasima (Korat), Buriram, Surin, Sisaket, Sakaeo, Lopburi, Sokhothai, Ratchaburi, Kanchanakburi, Chanthaburi, Sakonnakhon, Roi Et, Yasothon, Phetchaburi, Surat Thani and more.

Khmer in Thailand mostly speaks local Khmer mixed with Thai accent for younger generation while older people speak Khmer clearly. Tourism are focusing in local livelihood of Khmer in Thailand with their unique music and Elephant festival. Khmer in Thailand are very kind for local living in rural areas. I used to get lost and warmly welcomed by our Khmer Surin with meal and accommodation. I am so grateful to them and wish them good luck and keeping going for their own cultural way. Let's cooperate if possible.

By: Steung Khiev

Khmer Replublic with Fall to Khmer Rouge

2019-08-30T11:13:00.001+07:00

Khmer Republic Flag (1970-1975)

We used to hear about war in Cambodia in the past 50 years. Actually, we will also know about the change of regimes in Cambodian History during the war time. Khmer Republic was established by LON Nol and his ministers to combat the Northern Vietnamese invasion army inside Cambodia (Known as Viet Cong). Viet Cong used Khmer territory to fight the United States and South Vietnam government as the influence of communism-democracy war.

During President of Cambodia, Prince Norodom Sihanouk, went abroad, there was an insurgency inside Cambodia between communism (Khmer Rouge and Viet Cong) towards the governments and Gen. Col. LON Nol decided to lead a coup to ousted communism from Cambodia. However, the forces of communism spread really fast due to China and Vietnam support with the fame of Prince Norodom Sihanouk at that time as he was in China. The situation became really worst from year to year and at last the force of Khmer Republic stopped with the hope for negotiation with Khmer Rouge while USA left Cambodia and South Vietnam behind as they made treaty with China already to support Norther Vietnam. Khmer Republic failed to protect its regime and at last Phnom Penh was completely controlled by Khmer Rouge who lacked of leadership and only followed the communism with imagination, but not reality of Cambodia.

The fall of Phnom Penh on April 17, 1975 was the shame of the world superpower to leave Khmer people behind without any help. Khmer Rouge started to kill million of people who worked for the previous government and among Khmer Rouge army was Vietnamese and Chinese army who was really angry on Khmer Republic. They took this opportunity to kill those of Khmer Republic in the name of Khmer Rouge. More than 3 million people were killed during the Khmer Rouge and only those who hid their privacy well was survivor from it. It is really historical lessons for Cambodian or Khmer to view the world as helpless, you must be independent on themselves to survive in this world. Don't ever expect others to protect you, but you must protect yourself first.

By: Steung Khiev

Threats Contributed to The Collapse of Khmer Empire (Angkor Golden Age)

2017-08-13T17:58:00.000+07:00

The oldest empire in mainland SouthEast Asia is Khmer Empire (Cambodia Today) starting from famous state, Nokor Phnom Kingdom (Funan) in the A.D. first century to A.D. 6th Century and then Komvuchak or Kompuchea (Chenla and Angkor) from A.D. 6th Century to the early A.D. 15th century. That is the point for the collapse of this strong empire. The golden era of this empire is between A.D. 802 to early A.D. fifteenth century. What to brief here is about how strong Khmer Empire collapsed. After reading and researching from various sources, we can assume some criteria for the fall of Angkor Capital (Yasotharakburak Royal Capital as heart of Khmer Empire).

The main factor of the fall of Khmer Empire is the pressure from coming new power of the north, Mongol Empire. There are many kingdoms around the world collapsed by army of Mongol, except Khmer Empire. However, Mongolian army didn't overcome Khmer army, but they did create the strategy for the continuous effects to the later fall of Khmer Empire. The only thing we can see is Khmer King sent a lot of Khmer armies to fight off Mongol in the north bordering with China at that time while Mongol already occupied there. Due to difficulty of the strategic geography in the north of Khmer Empire and her strong army during the reign of King Jayavarman VII, Mongolian failed to come to the south that is Khmer Empire. Anyway, to bring the peace to the region, the later Khmer King sent ambassadors to sign peace agreement with Mongol Empire by paying a tribute in exchange for peace in the mainland South East Asia. Mongolian King demanded a lot of wealth and a jar of liver and gall bladder from Khmer people. This evidence is known with discussion by recent Khmer historian about the jar of Khmer people's liver and gall bladder as tribute happened when Zhou Da Guan came to Angkor capital to take the tributes from Khmer to Mongol King in China and a jar of Khmer resident's liver and gall bladder that was said to take two times (Zhou Da Guan didn't agree on the first jar of liver and gall bladder by giving reason that that jar of liver and gall bladder was not from Khmer people and demanded Khmer King to take the liver and gall bladder again for a new jar). This picture shows the first loss of treasure and human life from Khmer Empire to Mongol Empire. We can describe that the reason behind this is Mongolian King wanted to lower down Khmer Empire that he wasn't able to overcome as other Kingdoms around the world. In revenge for the big loss of battle field with Khmer army, Mongolian started to help Annamese (Vietnam Today) to stronger their kingdom moving towards the south that is Champa and Khmer Empire. Also, Mongolian tribes mixed with Chinese tribes together strengthened other ethnics in the north area of Khmer Empire to reinforce their local army in order to move southward and to separate small states under Khmer Empire to be independent mixing with leaders of Mongolian-Chinese ethnics including Shan and Tibeto-Burman. Mongolian army supported these ethnics to fight and break off the territory of Khmer Empire and relative Kingdoms like Mon Kingdom and Champa Kingdom as a good example. Tibeto-Burman occupied Mon Kingdom while Annamese occupied Champa and until later also occupied the southern territory of Khmer Empire (South Cambodia or Kompuchea Krom).

Now let's continue talking about the Khmer Empire. Besides the loss power on the tribute states like Mon and Champa Kingdom, Khmer Empire saw a big threat occurring within her empire is Siam (Shan who Khmer King allowed to live in the northern area of Khmer Empire as the army to protect the whole empire along with Khmer army) and Lao (Shan tribes mixed with local Khmer-Mon ethnics like Mon, Khmer, Khmu, Kuy and Lammet). In fact, Lao and Siam leaders were coming from the same ethnic group of Shan, ethnics from southern China, but most local residents of their new kingdom are Khmer, Mon, Khmu Lammet, Kuy, other Khmer-Mon ethnics and small portion are Shan ethnics.

The tribute Lao King township (King Pha Ngom who used to study in Angkor City and got married with princess of Khmer King along with 500 Khmer people specialized in arts and army) was prepared by Khmer King Jayavarman VII to create a strong battle field if Mongolian army came again, but later it became the big threat to Khmer Empire. Lao who was encouraged by newly separated Kingdom in the north with the support from Mongolian and kingship skills from Khmer Empire started to move southward and got many territories of Khmer Empire when the central power of Khmer Empire in Angkor Royal Capital (Preah Nokor Yasotharakburak) started to gradually collapsed. Lao created the new kingdom on Khmer territories called Lan Chang. Some Lao armies also occupied Mon Kingdom, Haribunjaya, and created new Kingdom known as Lanna Kingdom later gave birth to Chiang Mai Kingdom bordering with Sokhortey City (Sukhothai Kingdom). However, Chiang Mai Kingdom later was taken by Thailand at the end of 19th Century. Lao today is surely coming from the bloodline of Khmer, Khmu, Lammet and some portion of Shan tribe, Mongolian-Chinese Tribes (Tai-Kadai Ethnics).

Khmer Empire also saw other separated territories to become new independent within the empire like Sokhortey Khmer City (Later known as Sukhothai Kingdom under the Siam leader and his adopted Khmer Royal Prince, Ponhea Rong, Aka Phra Rong in Thai History), Sovannburak Khmer City (Suphanburi Kingdom or later know as Ou Thong Kingdom) and Lvothayakburak Khmer City (Lopburi and Ayuthaya Kingdom). These separated states from Khmer Empire after nearly one generation pass (100 years) of the death of King Jayavarman VII or 70 years after the coming Zhou Da Guan. With this view, we can see that Khmer Empire completely lost control on Chao Phraya basin from this period and had only stronghold in Nokor Reach Seima (Phimai or Vimai) for the northwestern area of Khmer Empire (now known as northeastern and western part of Thailand). In fact, Lvothayaburak or Lavo Kingdom and Sovannburak were still Khmer Royal related Family leading the region, but just they separated for another religion purpose that King of Angkor at that time (after Jayavarman VII) had conflict of religion between Buddhism from old reign of King Jayavarman VII and strong old religion, Hindu Religion. These separated states might want to preserve Buddhism as the bases of life with the motivation from Khmer-Siam King in Sukhothai who also sent their Khmer-Siam Royal Family to marry with Sovannburak Khmer Royal Family to control Suphanburi Kingdom and later Khmer-Siam Suphanburi Royal Family to marry with Khmer Lvothayaburak Royal Family to create new Khmer-Siam Royal Family for Kingdom in old Khmer Akyuthyea City. Later, Suphanburi Kingdom created Ou Thong Kingdom that occupied Akyuthyea Kingdom and created Ayuthaya Kingdom under the new King from Royal Khmer-Siam Royal Family line from Suphanburi. In order to give up on Khmer Empire line and adopted line from Siam of new Sukhothai Kingdom, this new king change their citizenship to Siam of all people in this new kingdom. At last, we can see two strong new kingdoms in Chao Phraya Basin were Ayuthaya Kingdom and Sukhothai Kingdom that relatively siblings separated successfully from Khmer Empire as planned and encouraged by Mongol Empire's concept. However, we can be sure that those residents in this basin are most from Khmer and Mon mixed with small portion of Shan ehtnics who used to live in Khmer Empire known as Siam and even King also coming from the bloodline of Khmer mixed with Siam. Their new Kingdom still used Khmer language in the royal communication and local people also use Khmer mixed with Siam newly created language (First created in Sukhothai by innovating on Khmer alphabet and vowels mixed with Mon and Shan language in the north area of Khmer Empire, but they still lacked of some characteristics to be the new qualified language, but they did after several sack of Khmer Capital from 15th to 16th Century for Khmer Literature). That came to the big threat for Angkor Capital that already weakened by the big loss of territories, people and tributes to support the Empire for mass construction and government. Also, King from Ayuthaya Kingdom successfully attacked Angkor Capital two times that really weakened Khmer Empire to collapse of Khmer golden age. After successfully sacked Angkor Capital of Khmer Empire, Ayuthaya Kingdom collected wealth, magical statues (now in Mandalay after Burmese army sacked of Ayuthaya Kingdom) and materials (Yant and tatoo) of Khmer Angkor, literature of Khmer along with Pali Sanskrit, arts and artists, army strategy, good ideology of Hindu religion (Devaraja and kingship), city planning documents and also fleeing hundred thousands of Khmer family to their new Kingdom. In this point, debates on Thai people today come from where should be briefly clarified that they are mostly bloodline from Khmer mixed with some portion of Mon, Lao and Shan (Siam). Another big success of Ayuthaya Kingdom was the successful sack of the strongest Long Vek Khmer Capital in the end of 16th Century with the trick of Golden Coin (Prak Duong), Siam Ayuthaya Kingdom (Preah Norensuan of Royal Family bloodline from both Ayuthaya Kingdom and Sukhthai Kingdom with warring skills under Burmese King Bayinnaung's adoption that later gained the independence for Ayuthaya Kindom from Burma and this king started to forget the bloodline of Khmer-Siam Royal Family) was so cruel at this time by destroying Khmer capital tortured and killed hundred thousands of Khmer people from Long Vek during the attack and fleeing them to Ayuthaya Kingdom. This time, Ayuthaya Kingdom also hit the jackpot for taking from Khmer Kingdom lots of treasures, Khmer Arts and artists, literature of Khmer Language and Pali Sankrit (Khmer Language Yanta which later known as Khom Alphabet on Yanta in Thailand today), Preah Ko and Preah Keo Magical Statues and hundred thousand of Khmer residents. The word, Siam, they called themselves and Khmer also called is derived from Shan commander (Shyam Guo) lived in Khmer Empire during the Golden Age of Angkor, but their real citizenship most is Khmer bloodline. Why millions of Lao in Thailand today because in the reign of King Fa Ngom went on war with neighboring country to enlarge his territories, he sent hundred thousand residents out towards the south and during the recent war, Lao also moved in another time with the permission of Siam King in 18th and 19th century along with Chinese to Thailand for their escape of the wars and to mixed with local residents who had bloodline mostly from Khmer and some of Mon (Siam King in 18th and 19th century also encouraged Mon people fleeing from Mon States to move to Lopburi and central Thailand today as well). It should be noticed that Thailand today still preserved the ideology of Devaraja and Hindu, ancient religion of Khmer-Mon (Ghost and Ancestor) mixed with Buddhism while Khmer in Cambodia nearly gives up and adopts only Hinayana Buddhism derived from Mahayana Buddhism of Khmer in the reign of King Jayavarman VII.

Another reason for the fall of Khmer Empire in the golden age of Angkor was the religion conflict that we can guess that Khmer King and Khmer Royal Family in other strong cities within Empire had broken relationship between the reign of King Jayavarman VII (Mahayana Buddhism) and King Jayavarman VIII (Hindu Region). King Jayavarman VII tried his best to recover Khmer Empire after the sack of Angkor from Champa army. He chose Buddhism with his experience to be a monk in Sri Lanka and motivated by his in-law Mon Royal Family from Preah Ko (Pegu) which their princess married him. We are not sure who was this princess because during his reign only two famous women showed in history, Indradevi and Rajadevi as the Queen. That's why in Chinese records showed that King Jayavarman VII also had powerful control over Mon Kingdom of Pegu. However, some researchers believed with the Chinese historical record that this might be the trick that King of Pegu wanted to lower the power of Khmer Empire by changing the religion from Devaraja to Buddhism and also lowering the power of Khmer King in Angkor. This might be true after the change of religion, Khmer Empire got lots of internal conflict after the reign of King Jayavarman VII who was the only one to successfully complete his project with Mahayana Buddhism. Also, this is the first time in Khmer history that Khmer King got influence from his Queen of other states for the leadership on the Khmer Empire. Due to the effect of ideology from Mahayana Buddhism on the Devaraja of Khmer King, King Jayavarman VIII quickly ordered the prohibition of Mahayana Buddhism and destroyed many Buddhist statues within the Khmer Empire, especially Preah Nokor Yasotharakburak (Angkor Capital). However, it's already late and in return it gave the opportunities and the reason for some town Kingship to separate from Khmer Empire including Sokhortey (Sukhothai firstly separated by Siam Leader who ousted Khmer Governor there and established new Siam Kingdom), and by Khmer local township governor of Sovanburak (Suphanburi) and Lvothayakburak (Lopburi and Akyuthyea) and other territories in the north of Khmer Empire (Laos today) lost gradually after that.

The last reason was the over population and mass city expansion and construction leading to the deforestation that in return causing the climate change in the region while water reservoirs might be deteriorated with the destruction of old achievement from the reign of Jayavarman VII and careless attention on those water irrigation system due to internal conflicts. The loss of residents' life on mass construction, large expenses, agricultural problems, health issue and the shortage of food for the increasing population. The big issues to the fall of Khmer Empire is the lost territories gradually along with people and tribute which usually supported the royal capital. The diseases also occurred to kill hundred thousand of Khmer people in the city. We can also notice that it might be enemy tried to destroy irrigation system leading to the weakened power of the royal city easily for later attack from the external forces.

Please further research! This is based on personal understanding from Khmer, Thai and other researchers that come together for this information!

Perception on the Name of Funan, Chen La, Chen Li Fu related to Cambodia and Today

2017-08-08T01:26:00.001+07:00

Funan is what? Fu in Chinese language refers to the abundance of natural resources or wealth while Nan refers to the south! In this case, Funan which Chinese record on Cambodia in the first century is really suitable for this meaning! Another thing is Funan is really similar to Phnom due to Chinese took only the ending word from Khmer Empire's name.

Chenla "ចេនឡា" is what? I don't really know about its meaning yet, but I do notice from what it is derived from. Khmer at this in 6th century, King Pheakveak Vorman changed our country to Komvo Cheak (Tes) "កម្វុជទេស ឬ កម្វុជៈ". In this case, Chinese noticed only the last word is Cho ak that they seemed to find only the suitable word is Chen Lak cos most Chinese usually used "L" in their words. That at last, they called Cambodia as Chen La. Another thing is Chinese also called in another word is Chen Li Fu, remixed between Chen La and Funan that they referred to the same country, Chen La Fu nan (Chen Li Fu). This name is still doubted by some Thai researchers as they have never known about our Khmer word and Chinese word used for our country name.

"ហ្វូណន" មានន័យពិតថា ទឹកដីសម្បូរបែបនៅភាគខាងត្បូងដែលស្រដៀងនឹងឈ្មោះនគរខ្មែរបុរាណគឺ "នគរភ្នំ"។ តើខ្មែរនៅតែហៅរដ្ឋកត់ត្រាដោយអ្នកប្រវត្តិសាស្រ្ដដំបូងថាហ្វូណនតទៅទៀតឬយ៉ាងណា? ហើយគួរស្នើអោយមានការកែតម្រូវឈ្មោះនេះដែរឬទេក្នុងនាមយើងជាម្ចាស់ប្រវត្តិសាស្រ្ដ? នគរភ្នំពិតជាឈ្មោះដើមរបស់ប្រទេសខ្មែរមុននឹងប្ដូរមកជា "កម្វុជទេស ឬ កម្វុជៈ" នៅគ្រឹស្ដសករាជសតវត្សទី៦ ដែលបន្តមកត្រូវហៅដោយចិនថា "ចេនឡា" ("ជៈ" ខ្មែរអានថា "ជាក់ = ជៀ + អាក់" ដែលចិនអាន"ជៀ" មិនច្បាស់សំឡេងជា "ចេន" និង ប៉ៃឡាំៗៗប្រើ អក្សរ "ល" ឬ "ឡ" ច្រើន "អាក់" ប្រែ "ឡៈ" ទៅជា "ចេនឡៈ" ដែលអាចក្លាយជា "ចេនឡា") រហូតសូម្បីនៅពេលដែលជូវ តាក្វាន់មកក្រុងអង្គរក៏នៅហៅខ្មែរថា "ចេនឡា" (ខ្មែរមិនប្ដូរឈ្មោះនគរតាំងពីគ្រឺស្ដសករាជសតវត្សទី៦មក) នាចុងសតវត្សទី១៣ដើម្បីមកនាំសួយសារអាករដែលខ្មែរស្នើទៅម៉ុងហ្គោលថានឹងព្រមប្រគល់អោយជាថ្នូរនឹងការដែលម៉ុងហ្គោលឈប់លុកលុយទឹកដីខ្មែរតទៅទៀត។ នៅពេលនោះហើយដែលម៉ុងហ្គោលបញ្ជាអោយមានការខ្វេះប្រម៉ាត់ខ្មែរស្រស់ៗជាច្រើនដាក់ក្នុងក្រឡជាវត្ថុមួយក្នុងចំណោមមាសប្រាក់ដំរីជាសួយសារអាករត្រូវនាំយកទៅ។ ចំណុចនេះ ជូវ តាក្វាន់បានសរសេរថាខ្មែរខ្វេះប្រម៉ាត់ខ្មែរស្រស់យកទៅថ្វាយស្ដេចចាម តែតាមការពិភាក្សាពិនិត្យពិច័យអោយដិតដល់តាមអ្នកជំនាញប្រវត្តិសាស្ត្រខ្មែរគឺការខ្វេះប្រម៉ាត់ពិតទៅថ្វាយស្ដេចម៉ុងហ្គោលមិនមែនស្ដេចចាមព្រោះពេលនោះចាមអស់អំណាចហើយថែមទាំងនៅក្រោមខ្មែរតាំងតែរាជ្យជ័យវរ្ម័នទី៧ ហើយថែមទាំងចំពេលជូវ តាក្វាន់មកយកសួយសារអាករទៀត។ រឿងអីខ្មែរត្រូវនាំសួយសារអាករទៅចាម? មួយចំណុចនៃការបកស្រាយគឺថ្នាំចិនសែប្រើប្រម៉ាត់មនុស្សជាឱសថយ៉ាងពូកែ សូម្បីសម័យប៉ុល ពតក៏ពួកចិនសែជាអ្នកខ្វេះប្រម៉ាត់អ្នកទោសខ្មែរថែមទៀតផង។ ប្រវត្តិសាស្រ្តពិតនាំអោយខ្មែរល្មមដឹងនរណានៅពីក្រោយខ្នងការដួលរលំអំណាចព្រះនគរខ្មែរនៃរាជធានីយសោធរបុរៈ។ តើពួកស្យាមកុក (សៀម សាននិងលាវ) មកពីណា? ពួកនេះមានទំនាក់ទំនងអីនឹងពួកម៉ុងហ្គោល? ហេតុដូចម្ដេចបានជាតុងកឹង(វៀតណាមសព្វថ្ងៃ) ចាប់ផ្ដើមខ្លាំងតាំងពីជួបអធិរាជម៉ុងហ្គោលដោយលេបបានទាំងទឹកដីចាមនិិងខ្មែរក្រោមដែលសុទ្ធតែធ្លាប់នៅក្រោមការគ្រប់គ្រងរបស់ព្រះនគរខ្មែរយសោធរបុរៈ?

អ្វីដែលគួរអោយកត់សម្គាល់គឺតាំងពីព្រះនគរខ្មែរយសោធរបុរៈចុះខ្សោយ រដ្ឋតូចៗជាច្រើនបំបែកចេញពីខ្មែរ ហើយក្នុងរដ្ឋតូចៗទាំងនោះគ្រប់ទីកន្លែងគឺមានលំហូរជនជាតិអំបូរចិនម៉ុងហ្គោលចុះមកជាហូរហែនៅវាលទំនាបមេណាម (មេទឹកចៅព្រះរាជា ឬ ចៅផ្រះយ៉ា) និងតាមវៀតណាមក៏មានពួកចោរសមុទ្រចិិនចុះមកនៅដល់កម្ពុជាក្រោមរបស់ខ្មែរដែលពួកនេះជួយវៀតណាមជាងខ្មែររហូតទឹកដីនេះត្រូវផ្ដាច់ចេញពីខ្មែរ។ អំបូរចិនមិនមែនចុះត្រឹមខ្មែរតែគឺចុះមកដល់សាំងហ្គាពួរជាឩទាហរណ៍ដែលជារដ្ឋជនជាតិចិននៅអាស៊ីអាគ្នេយ៍និងម៉ាឡេស៊ីសឹងតែមានជម្លោះជាតិសាសន៍ថែមទៀតផង។ ចំណែកនៅខ្មែរ បើសម័យប៉ុល ពតបន្តនឹងមានការបង្កាត់ពូជខ្មែរចិនដើម្បីបង្កើតប្រទេសថ្មី ប្រជាជនថ្មីដូចមានអ្នកដឹងស្រាប់ក្នុងការមានសហជីវិនប្រុសៗចិនចូលមកបង្កាត់ពូជតាមគោលគំនិតជ្រុលនិយមរបស់ប៉ុលពតដែលជឿស៊ុបគោលនយោបាយលោតផ្លោះមហាអស្ចារ្យតែក៏គឺមហារលាយសម្រាប់ជនជាតិខ្មែរដែលជួបមេដឹកនាំស្រមើស្រមៃមិនដឹងខ្យល់អីពីប្រវត្តិសាស្ត្រពិត។ អ្នកដែលនៅពីក្រោយពិតអ្នកគ្រប់គ្នាគួរដឹងថាជានរណា? ហេតអ្វីខ្មែរត្រូវមានសង្គ្រាមក្នុងសម័យសង្គមរាស្រ្តនិយម? នរណាជំរុញអោយស្ដេចសីហនុលូកដៃក្នុងសង្គ្រាមវៀតណាមដោយយកខ្មែរជាមូលដ្ឋានទ័ព? ហើយខ្មែរទៅផ្លូវណាក៏រងគ្រោះ? អាមេរិកទម្លាក់គ្រាប់បែកហើយវៀតណាមក៏លុកលុយប្រើធនធានធ្វើអោយសេដ្ឋកិច្ចខ្មែរសម័យនោះធ្លាក់ចុះងើបមុខលែងរួច? នរណាបន្លឺពាក្យចចាមអារាមអោយកើតចលាចលកើតរបបសាធារណរដ្ឋខ្មែរដែលអោយដៃរបបខ្មែរក្រហមឡើងកាន់អំណាចទៅជាជ្រុលនិយមដើរតាមនយោបាយមហាលោតផ្លោះដូចចិននាំអោយប្រជាជនស្លាប់រង្គាលនិងចង់បង្កាត់ពូជខ្មែរនិងចិនទៅជាប្រជាជនថ្មី? ហើយតើសព្វថ្ងៃនៅឥណ្ឌូចិននេះ រ៉ែអ្វីខ្លះដែលត្រូវគេបូមមិនចេះឈប់ឈរនិងដោយនរណាជាពិសេស? "កុំមើលតែអ្នកជិត តែភ្លេចអ្នកឆ្ងាយ"

Perception on Khmer Word "អញ" and "ខ្ញុំ"

2017-08-08T00:20:00.005+07:00

"អញ" មិនមែនជាពាក្យអសុរស បើយើងសង្កេតទៅលើការប្រើប្រាស់ពាក្យបុរាណខ្មែរតែមានឋានៈខ្ពង់ខ្ពស់លើសគេ ឧទាហរណ៍ ព្រះកម្រតេងអញ (ព្រះចៅអញ)។ ចំណែកពាក្យ "ខ្ញុំ" ជាពាក្យសម្រាប់អ្នកមានឋានៈទាបក្នុងសង្គមសម័យព្រះនគរយសោធរបុរៈប្រើព្រោះបញ្ជាក់ពីឋានៈក្នុងវណ្ណៈខ្ញុំព្រះឬពលព្រះ។ ឩទាហរណ៍ និយមន័យនៃពាក្យ "ខ្ញុំ" ក្នុងវចនានុក្រមសម្ដេចសង្ឃរាជជោតញ្ញាណោ ជួន ណាត បានសម្រាយថាស្ថិតក្នុងថ្នាក់ពាក្យ (សរសេរ "វាក្យ" ជាបែបបទបុរាណដែលខ្មែរលែងសូវប្រើ តែសម័យអង្គរគឺនិយមអក្សរ "វ" ក្នុងបរិបទអក្សរ "ព" បច្ចុប្បន្ន) ជានាម ( ន. ) មនុស្សដែលកំដឹងទ្រព្យគេ គឺមនុស្សដែលទាល់ក្រ ហើយទៅខ្ចីទ្រព្យគេមកចិញ្ចឹមជីវិត រកសងគេមិនបាន យកខ្លួនទៅនៅបម្រើគេ ឬ មាតាបិតាចំពាក់ទ្រព្យគេឲ្យកូនទៅនៅបម្រើគេ, កូននោះក៏ឈ្មោះថាខ្ញុំគេ : មនុស្សខ្ញុំគេ (មានតែពីដើម, ក្នុងសម័យនេះលើកលែងមិនឲ្យមាន; ពាក្យគួរសមហៅជាបាលីភាសាថា ទាសា, ទាសី “ខ្ញុំប្រុស, ខ្ញុំស្រី”) ។ ដូចនេះសបញ្ជាក់អោយឃើញថាក្រោយសម័យអង្គរគឺមានការផ្លាស់ប្ដូរបរិបទសង្គមខ្មែរយ៉ាងខ្លាំង ហើយពាក្យដែលមានឋានៈខ្ពង់ខ្ពស់ត្រូវចាត់ទុកជាពាក្យអសុរសក្នុងសង្គមទៅវិញ តែប្រជាជនខ្មែរនៅតែនិយមប្រើពាក្យ "អញ" ដែលអ្នកដទៃចាត់ថាអសុរសឬមិនពីរោះស្ដាប់។

ពិិតជាអាចបែបនេះផងទើបខ្មែរជាប់តែចំណងពឹងគេនិិងនៅក្រោមគេរហូតតាំងពីមហានគរចុះអន់ខ្សោយ! តើពាក្យ "ខ្ញុំ" ត្រូវអោយប្រើជំនួសពាក្យ "អញ"នៅសម័យណា? ហេតុដូចម្ដេចបានជាត្រូវយកពាក្យនេះមកប្រើចំពោះខ្មែរ? នរណាជាអ្នកអោយប្រើ?

សូមអភ័យទោសនេះគ្រាន់តែការយល់ឃើញតាមសម្រាយពាក្យដែលបានបរិយាយខាងលើ!

Some facts of Khmer (Khom coming from the word Komvuchaktes or Kompuchea) in the Reign of King Jayavarman VII

2017-08-07T23:22:00.002+07:00

Angkor (អង្គរឬនគរ) capital is Preah Nokor Yasotheakreakbureak (ฺព្រះនគរយសោធរបុរៈ) of Kompuchea (កម្វុជទេសឬ កម្ពុជា អានថាកម-វុ-ជៈ-ទេស ឬ កម-ពុ-ជា)which is shortened to be Khom ខម (Khmer) calling by Shan or Sham, Shyam Ko (ស្យាមកុក = Sham Guo ដែលចិនហៅថា ស៊ានឡ Xian Luo គឺអំបូរជនជាតិសាន Shan). Sham Guo is the name of people which Khmer called new immigrant from south of China! Khmer, Kuy, Khmu, Mon....are the local residents within this empire! King Jayavarman VII used to be a monk at Sri Lanka and had powerful control over Pegu (Preah Ko-ក្រុងព្រះគោ) of Monហង្សាវតី, ល្វោធ្យបុរៈ (លពបុរីធ្លាប់គ្រប់គ្រងដោយបុត្រាជ័យវរ្ម័នទី៧), សុខោទ័យ, សុវណ្ណបុរៈ (អូរទងឬ សុផាន់បុរី), មានខែត្រជាច្រើនទៀត។

នៅជំនាន់ព្រះកម្រតេង(ចៅ)អញ ជ័យវរ្ម័នទី៧ បើតាមសិលាចារឹកនៅប្រាសាទតាព្រហ្ម (បកស្រាយដោយអ្នកស្រាវជ្រាវជាតិថៃបច្ចុប្បន្ន) ក្សត្រអង្គនេះគឺព្រះរាជាទ្រង់ស្ថាបនាព្រះជយ (ជៈយៈឬជ័យៈ) ពុទ្ធនាថនៅទិសបូវ៌ាស (បូព៌ា) នៃវិហារទាំង២៣ ក្នុងតំបន់មួយចំនួនរួមមាន ៖

ស្រីជ័យរាជធានី (ស្រុកជ័យាខេត្តសុរាស្រ្ដធានីជាប់ព្រំប្រទល់ខេត្តនគរស្រីធម្មរាជ?)

ជយរាជបុរី (រាជបុរីំ?)

សម្រេន្ទ ឬ សំរេន្ទ (សុរិន្ទ?)

ល្វោធ្យបុរៈ (លពបុរី)

ស្រីជយាសិង្ហបុរី (សិង្ហបុរី?)

ស្រីជយាសិង្ហវតី (កញ្ចនបុរី?)

ស្រីជយវីរវតី (នគរបឋមឬដែលត្រូវហៅថាទ្វារវតី?)

ស្រីជយ័ន្តគិរី (ប្រជួបគិរីខ័ណ្ឌ?)

សម្ភុបត្តនៈ (សម្ភុបុរៈនៃក្រចេះ?)

ស្រីជយវ័ជ្របុរី (ពេជ្របុរី?)

ស្រីជយស្ដម្ភបុរី (បស្ចិមបុរី?)

ស្រីជយរាជគិរី

ស្រីជយវីរបុរី

ស្រីជយវ័ជ្រវតី

ស្រីជយករទិបុរី

ស្រីជយក្សេមបុរី

ស្រីវិជ្យាធិបុរី

ស្រីជយសិង្ហគ្រាម

មធ្យមគ្រាមកៈ

អសង្គ្រាម (អយុធ្យា?)

ស្រីជយបុរី

វិហាររោតកៈ (ព្រះវិហារ?)

សុវណ្ណបុរៈ (សុផាន់បុរី)

My Perspectives on Unemployment in Cambodia

2016-08-31T14:30:00.002+07:00

Cambodia is developing at a fast pace, but let's see how the unemployment here really is. After losing a job since April 2016, I've been experiencing a big loss and failure to start new career. What's matters? Let's me briefly write down my own experience.

The first challenges to find new job in Phnom Penh is networking. Most jobs here are well-known for networking other than outsourcing to look for new candidate. Some jobs is not shown to public or some shown to public, but still asking for networking to find new staffs, so most opportunities go to people with good networks. What's really networking? Networking refers to people known in the cycle of close communication within the group of people. The reason I fail to do network because I don't like out-going events often. However, does it really mean lonely person cannot work? It seems error in this system based on my own perspectives. I have more than five year working experience and two bachelor degree, but some companies doesn't look at my job application at all. It doesn't mean I am proud to have this, but just wonder. After sending out, what I get most is silence, except few companies giving me a chance for interview. Similarly, I fail without knowing the real reasons behind. Is anything error because of I stop working too long? That's the question. I have heard that people don't work for a period of 1 year up will not consider for new job opportunity as those companies said they are not qualified anymore. How about their education more than 22 years and more years of experience before vacation? Do you really agree on this point that people spend more than 20 years within education and work lost their knowledge and capabilities within 1 year? Are they really not qualified or is HR system in Cambodia error? How about their blank period they use for review their knowledge and experience as well as to think about new opportunities? I just wanna drag attention on this ideas whether there is any fix to this system or job market in Cambodia is too small for our human resource. Cambodia is not smart to manage their own labor force at all; they don't manage well on their existing resource for developing, but just said Cambodia need human resource most for specialized labor skills such as construction, engineering and so on. Every year thousand of young labor forces go to other countries for job opportunities and totally more than 1 million people go overseas to work by today. Is it really good to move out? Cambodia doesn't create opportunity for people who lost their way on the employment. I don't see much support and effort from our government to solve this issue well. When people don't work, it is not only meaning that that person or family having an issue, but the society who wastes their human resource or labor force with specific skill to run their economic activities.

The second challenge on employment is appearance I think. I just realize it is harder if you look not well because people in Cambodia nowadays still value the outer appearance other than inner soul of people. They judge others based on their own ideas starting from the appearance. If someone doesn't look good, not much value is given to those people. It should be one lesson on this issue as it happens in other countries. One guy didn't look good, but he had million of dollars to buy a car. The service officer looked down on him. Later, he came to buy that most expensive car to use in his farm. That's the lesson that we can learn that Cambodian society should change this concept. I am not 100 per cent saying you are wrong, but it seems just error. I think this concept that value more on appearance is killing good human resources in Cambodia. Or does Cambodia maybe have too many labor force over its need?

The last challenge is corporate culture, job announcement and form. Some jobs require to change religion like from Buddhism to Christianity. I don't think Cambodia has taken good action to response to this issue. Cambodia is said to have freedom of religion, but this country is allowing others to change their own religion like from Buddhism to Christianity and Buddhism to Islam while it is compulsory that Khmer cannot reject if they want the offer. Other things is working hour. Labor law stated only 40 hours per week, but different institutions has different working hour that mostly over 40 hours per week including force over time without proper compensation. Ministry of labor never monitor well on this issues. Some companies require additional language from their own countries like Thai, French, Vietnamese, Chinese..... while most customers can use English and Khmer so well. Talking about job announcement is too much to describe. One simple position, but seeing only job description is less attractive and too much duties that candidates are fear to apply while the real job is not that difficult. Some jobs require 1 experience up that doesn't give opportunities to fresh graduate who has no experience to apply at all. Besides job application, the form has to be completed. We already details in CV, but still we need to spend much time on forms. It's strange and waste of time. In addition, salary is the main issue here. I started my salary 250$ since 4 years ago, but today some companies offer me close to 250$ for just changing position within the same industry and take a vacation for 4 months. What I mean is does the government take action for any update to job condition in Cambodia? Is it too much on this issue? Value of human resource in Cambodia is never updated in term of salary while pricing for products and service is updating everyday. Even the school fee is higher and higher every year, but starting salary for bachelor graduate is still less than 200$ or around 250$. Just based on my experience, it is so important to raise concerned for motivation of human resource in Cambodia. Although it is free market, we should not let thing happen in this way because this is 2016 that the world is changing including Cambodia.

Last but not least, unemployment in Cambodia is really hot issues that the government should help their own human resource or labor force to get better condition in the job market or to create opportunities to deal with those who lost their employment because of business politics. Writing this is I am asking for help to deal with issues that link to my own experience. I strongly hope Cambodia for better and better.

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