<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><?xml-stylesheet href="http://www.blogger.com/styles/atom.css" type="text/css"?><feed xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom' xmlns:openSearch='http://a9.com/-/spec/opensearchrss/1.0/' xmlns:blogger='http://schemas.google.com/blogger/2008' xmlns:georss='http://www.georss.org/georss' xmlns:gd="http://schemas.google.com/g/2005" xmlns:thr='http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0'><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3794031284200779805</id><updated>2024-12-18T19:32:36.574-08:00</updated><category term="praktek"/><category term="Elektronika"/><category term="elektronika dasar"/><category term="hambatan"/><category term="kapasitor"/><category term="komponen aktif"/><category term="analog"/><category term="digital"/><category term="elektronika daya"/><category term="hibrid"/><category term="lego"/><category term="line follower"/><category term="resistor"/><category term="robot"/><category term="555"/><category term="AC"/><category term="alat ukur"/><category term="arus"/><category term="avometer"/><category term="bocor"/><category term="cek"/><category term="dasar"/><category term="dc"/><category term="dielektrik"/><category term="hukum kirchoff"/><category term="hukum ohm"/><category term="hukum persamaan"/><category term="kapasitansi"/><category term="keunggulan"/><category term="komparator"/><category term="kondensator"/><category term="lanjut"/><category term="listrik"/><category term="multimeter"/><category term="op amp"/><category term="paralel"/><category term="pengujian"/><category term="pll"/><category term="sendor"/><category term="sensor"/><category term="seri"/><category term="solder"/><category term="step down"/><category term="step up"/><category term="sumber"/><category term="tegangan"/><category term="teknik"/><category term="timah"/><category term="timer"/><category term="transistor"/><category term="umum"/><category term="variable resistor"/><title type='text'>Men6eNaL dUNi4 El3ktRoNik4</title><subtitle type='html'>GAK PAKE RUMIT :)</subtitle><link rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#feed' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://belajar-elka.blogspot.com/feeds/posts/default'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3794031284200779805/posts/default?redirect=false'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://belajar-elka.blogspot.com/'/><link rel='hub' href='http://pubsubhubbub.appspot.com/'/><author><name>Belajar elektronika</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/16879703818450192164</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><generator version='7.00' uri='http://www.blogger.com'>Blogger</generator><openSearch:totalResults>23</openSearch:totalResults><openSearch:startIndex>1</openSearch:startIndex><openSearch:itemsPerPage>25</openSearch:itemsPerPage><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3794031284200779805.post-7383033722892025401</id><published>2011-11-02T17:49:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2011-11-02T17:49:28.709-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Flip Flop Kontrol R-S</title><content type='html'>&lt;style type=&quot;text/css&quot;&gt;
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&lt;div align=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot; style=&quot;font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Times New Roman,serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot; style=&quot;font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Times New Roman,serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Flip-flop RS merupakan salah satu rangkaian logika sekuensial yang sederhana. Flip- flop RS ini merupakan sebuah perangkat memori 1 bit yang bersifat bistabil dan memiliki dua buah input. Salah satu masukannya diberi label S akan memberikan keadaan “SET” yang berarti keluaran flip flopnya 1. Masukan yang lain diberi label R akan memberikan keadaan RESET bagi Flip flop yang berarti keluaran flip flopnya 0.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot; style=&quot;font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;          &lt;style type=&quot;text/css&quot;&gt;
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&lt;/style&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot; style=&quot;font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Times New Roman,serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Ada dua jenis Flip-flop RS berdasarkan komponen internal penyusunnya, yaitu flip flop RS yang terdiri atas gerbang NAND dan flip-flop RS yang terdiri atas gerbang-gerbang NOR.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot; style=&quot;font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;          &lt;style type=&quot;text/css&quot;&gt;
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&lt;/style&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot; style=&quot;font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0in; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Times New Roman,serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Berikut akan dijelaskan keadaan flip-flop RS yang tersusun atas gerbang NAND&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Keadaan SET&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot; style=&quot;font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Times New Roman,serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Keadaan SET akan terjadi saat masukan set diberikan tegangan high (+Vcc) dan R diberi tegangan low (0). Pada keadaan SET, keluaran Q akan high, sebaliknya keluaran Q not akan low. Keadaan ini akan terus bertahan (Q tetap high dan Q not tetap low) meskipun input dihentikan.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Keadaan RESET&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot; style=&quot;font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Times New Roman,serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Apabila terminal R diberi masukan high dan terminal S diberi masukan low maka akan menjadikan flip-flop dalam keadaan RESET. Pada saat RESET keluaran Q akan low, sebaliknya keluaran Q not akan high. Kondisi ini juga akan terus bertahan sampai terminal R dan S diberi input yang berkebalikan.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot; style=&quot;font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;center&gt;  &lt;table bgcolor=&quot;#fafafa&quot; cellpadding=&quot;2&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; style=&quot;width: 500px;&quot;&gt;&lt;colgroup&gt;&lt;col width=&quot;114&quot;&gt;&lt;/col&gt;   &lt;col width=&quot;56&quot;&gt;&lt;/col&gt;   &lt;col width=&quot;56&quot;&gt;&lt;/col&gt;   &lt;col width=&quot;56&quot;&gt;&lt;/col&gt;   &lt;col width=&quot;56&quot;&gt;&lt;/col&gt;   &lt;col width=&quot;135&quot;&gt;&lt;/col&gt;   &lt;/colgroup&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr bgcolor=&quot;#d3e0ea&quot;&gt;    &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1.00pt solid #808080; border-left: 1.00pt solid #808080; border-right: none; border-top: 1.00pt solid #808080; padding-bottom: 0.02in; padding-left: 0.02in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0.02in;&quot; width=&quot;114&quot;&gt;     &lt;div align=&quot;CENTER&quot;&gt;Kondisi&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;    &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1.00pt solid #808080; border-left: 1.00pt solid #808080; border-right: none; border-top: 1.00pt solid #808080; padding-bottom: 0.02in; padding-left: 0.02in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0.02in;&quot; width=&quot;56&quot;&gt;     &lt;div align=&quot;CENTER&quot;&gt;S&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;    &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1.00pt solid #808080; border-left: 1.00pt solid #808080; border-right: none; border-top: 1.00pt solid #808080; padding-bottom: 0.02in; padding-left: 0.02in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0.02in;&quot; width=&quot;56&quot;&gt;     &lt;div align=&quot;CENTER&quot;&gt;R&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;    &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1.00pt solid #808080; border-left: 1.00pt solid #808080; border-right: none; border-top: 1.00pt solid #808080; padding-bottom: 0.02in; padding-left: 0.02in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0.02in;&quot; width=&quot;56&quot;&gt;     &lt;div align=&quot;CENTER&quot;&gt;Q&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;    &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1.00pt solid #808080; border-left: 1.00pt solid #808080; border-right: none; border-top: 1.00pt solid #808080; padding-bottom: 0.02in; padding-left: 0.02in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0.02in;&quot; width=&quot;56&quot;&gt;     &lt;div align=&quot;CENTER&quot;&gt;Q&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;    &lt;td style=&quot;border: 1.00pt solid #808080; padding: 0.02in;&quot; width=&quot;135&quot;&gt;     &lt;div align=&quot;CENTER&quot;&gt;Description&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;    &lt;td rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: 1.00pt solid #808080; border-left: 1.00pt solid #808080; border-right: none; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 0.02in; padding-left: 0.02in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;&quot; width=&quot;114&quot;&gt;     &lt;div align=&quot;CENTER&quot;&gt;Set&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;    &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1.00pt solid #808080; border-left: 1.00pt solid #808080; border-right: none; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 0.02in; padding-left: 0.02in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;&quot; width=&quot;56&quot;&gt;     &lt;div align=&quot;CENTER&quot;&gt;1&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;    &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1.00pt solid #808080; border-left: 1.00pt solid #808080; border-right: none; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 0.02in; padding-left: 0.02in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;&quot; width=&quot;56&quot;&gt;     &lt;div align=&quot;CENTER&quot;&gt;0&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;    &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1.00pt solid #808080; border-left: 1.00pt solid #808080; border-right: none; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 0.02in; padding-left: 0.02in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;&quot; width=&quot;56&quot;&gt;     &lt;div align=&quot;CENTER&quot;&gt;1&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;    &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1.00pt solid #808080; border-left: 1.00pt solid #808080; border-right: none; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 0.02in; padding-left: 0.02in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;&quot; width=&quot;56&quot;&gt;     &lt;div align=&quot;CENTER&quot;&gt;0&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;    &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1.00pt solid #808080; border-left: 1.00pt solid #808080; border-right: 1.00pt solid #808080; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 0.02in; padding-left: 0.02in; padding-right: 0.02in; padding-top: 0in;&quot; width=&quot;135&quot;&gt;     &lt;div align=&quot;CENTER&quot;&gt;Set Q » 1&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;    &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1.00pt solid #808080; border-left: 1.00pt solid #808080; border-right: none; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 0.02in; padding-left: 0.02in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;&quot; width=&quot;56&quot;&gt;     &lt;div align=&quot;CENTER&quot;&gt;1&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;    &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1.00pt solid #808080; border-left: 1.00pt solid #808080; border-right: none; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 0.02in; padding-left: 0.02in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;&quot; width=&quot;56&quot;&gt;     &lt;div align=&quot;CENTER&quot;&gt;1&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;    &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1.00pt solid #808080; border-left: 1.00pt solid #808080; border-right: none; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 0.02in; padding-left: 0.02in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;&quot; width=&quot;56&quot;&gt;     &lt;div align=&quot;CENTER&quot;&gt;1&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;    &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1.00pt solid #808080; border-left: 1.00pt solid #808080; border-right: none; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 0.02in; padding-left: 0.02in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;&quot; width=&quot;56&quot;&gt;     &lt;div align=&quot;CENTER&quot;&gt;0&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;    &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1.00pt solid #808080; border-left: 1.00pt solid #808080; border-right: 1.00pt solid #808080; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 0.02in; padding-left: 0.02in; padding-right: 0.02in; padding-top: 0in;&quot; width=&quot;135&quot;&gt;     &lt;div align=&quot;CENTER&quot;&gt;Keluaran tidak berubah&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;    &lt;td rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: 1.00pt solid #808080; border-left: 1.00pt solid #808080; border-right: none; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 0.02in; padding-left: 0.02in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;&quot; width=&quot;114&quot;&gt;     &lt;div align=&quot;CENTER&quot;&gt;Reset&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;    &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1.00pt solid #808080; border-left: 1.00pt solid #808080; border-right: none; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 0.02in; padding-left: 0.02in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;&quot; width=&quot;56&quot;&gt;     &lt;div align=&quot;CENTER&quot;&gt;0&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;    &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1.00pt solid #808080; border-left: 1.00pt solid #808080; border-right: none; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 0.02in; padding-left: 0.02in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;&quot; width=&quot;56&quot;&gt;     &lt;div align=&quot;CENTER&quot;&gt;1&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;    &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1.00pt solid #808080; border-left: 1.00pt solid #808080; border-right: none; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 0.02in; padding-left: 0.02in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;&quot; width=&quot;56&quot;&gt;     &lt;div align=&quot;CENTER&quot;&gt;0&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;    &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1.00pt solid #808080; border-left: 1.00pt solid #808080; border-right: none; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 0.02in; padding-left: 0.02in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;&quot; width=&quot;56&quot;&gt;     &lt;div align=&quot;CENTER&quot;&gt;1&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;    &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1.00pt solid #808080; border-left: 1.00pt solid #808080; border-right: 1.00pt solid #808080; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 0.02in; padding-left: 0.02in; padding-right: 0.02in; padding-top: 0in;&quot; width=&quot;135&quot;&gt;     &lt;div align=&quot;CENTER&quot;&gt;Reset Q » 0&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;    &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1.00pt solid #808080; border-left: 1.00pt solid #808080; border-right: none; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 0.02in; padding-left: 0.02in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;&quot; width=&quot;56&quot;&gt;     &lt;div align=&quot;CENTER&quot;&gt;1&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;    &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1.00pt solid #808080; border-left: 1.00pt solid #808080; border-right: none; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 0.02in; padding-left: 0.02in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;&quot; width=&quot;56&quot;&gt;     &lt;div align=&quot;CENTER&quot;&gt;1&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;    &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1.00pt solid #808080; border-left: 1.00pt solid #808080; border-right: none; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 0.02in; padding-left: 0.02in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;&quot; width=&quot;56&quot;&gt;     &lt;div align=&quot;CENTER&quot;&gt;0&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;    &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1.00pt solid #808080; border-left: 1.00pt solid #808080; border-right: none; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 0.02in; padding-left: 0.02in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;&quot; width=&quot;56&quot;&gt;     &lt;div align=&quot;CENTER&quot;&gt;1&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;    &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1.00pt solid #808080; border-left: 1.00pt solid #808080; border-right: 1.00pt solid #808080; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 0.02in; padding-left: 0.02in; padding-right: 0.02in; padding-top: 0in;&quot; width=&quot;135&quot;&gt;     &lt;div align=&quot;CENTER&quot;&gt;Keluaran tidak berubah&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;    &lt;td rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: 1.00pt solid #808080; border-left: 1.00pt solid #808080; border-right: none; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 0.02in; padding-left: 0.02in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;&quot; width=&quot;114&quot;&gt;     &lt;div align=&quot;CENTER&quot;&gt;Tidak valid&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;    &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1.00pt solid #808080; border-left: 1.00pt solid #808080; border-right: none; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 0.02in; padding-left: 0.02in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;&quot; width=&quot;56&quot;&gt;     &lt;div align=&quot;CENTER&quot;&gt;0&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;    &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1.00pt solid #808080; border-left: 1.00pt solid #808080; border-right: none; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 0.02in; padding-left: 0.02in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;&quot; width=&quot;56&quot;&gt;     &lt;div align=&quot;CENTER&quot;&gt;0&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;    &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1.00pt solid #808080; border-left: 1.00pt solid #808080; border-right: none; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 0.02in; padding-left: 0.02in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;&quot; width=&quot;56&quot;&gt;     &lt;div align=&quot;CENTER&quot;&gt;0&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;    &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1.00pt solid #808080; border-left: 1.00pt solid #808080; border-right: none; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 0.02in; padding-left: 0.02in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;&quot; width=&quot;56&quot;&gt;     &lt;div align=&quot;CENTER&quot;&gt;1&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;    &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1.00pt solid #808080; border-left: 1.00pt solid #808080; border-right: 1.00pt solid #808080; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 0.02in; padding-left: 0.02in; padding-right: 0.02in; padding-top: 0in;&quot; width=&quot;135&quot;&gt;     &lt;div align=&quot;CENTER&quot;&gt;memori Q = 0&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;    &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1.00pt solid #808080; border-left: 1.00pt solid #808080; border-right: none; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 0.02in; padding-left: 0.02in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;&quot; width=&quot;56&quot;&gt;     &lt;div align=&quot;CENTER&quot;&gt;0&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;    &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1.00pt solid #808080; border-left: 1.00pt solid #808080; border-right: none; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 0.02in; padding-left: 0.02in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;&quot; width=&quot;56&quot;&gt;     &lt;div align=&quot;CENTER&quot;&gt;0&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;    &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1.00pt solid #808080; border-left: 1.00pt solid #808080; border-right: none; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 0.02in; padding-left: 0.02in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;&quot; width=&quot;56&quot;&gt;     &lt;div align=&quot;CENTER&quot;&gt;1&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;    &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1.00pt solid #808080; border-left: 1.00pt solid #808080; border-right: none; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 0.02in; padding-left: 0.02in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;&quot; width=&quot;56&quot;&gt;     &lt;div align=&quot;CENTER&quot;&gt;0&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;    &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1.00pt solid #808080; border-left: 1.00pt solid #808080; border-right: 1.00pt solid #808080; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 0.02in; padding-left: 0.02in; padding-right: 0.02in; padding-top: 0in;&quot; width=&quot;135&quot;&gt;     &lt;div align=&quot;CENTER&quot;&gt;memori Q = 1&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/center&gt; &lt;div align=&quot;CENTER&quot; style=&quot;font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.04in; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Times New Roman,serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background: #ffffff;&quot;&gt;Tabel kebenaran Flip-flop R-S gerbang NAND&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Times New Roman,serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Times New Roman,serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://belajar-elka.blogspot.com/feeds/7383033722892025401/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://belajar-elka.blogspot.com/2011/11/flip-flop-kontrol-r-s.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3794031284200779805/posts/default/7383033722892025401'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3794031284200779805/posts/default/7383033722892025401'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://belajar-elka.blogspot.com/2011/11/flip-flop-kontrol-r-s.html' title='Flip Flop Kontrol R-S'/><author><name>Belajar elektronika</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/16879703818450192164</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3794031284200779805.post-7147107467226673862</id><published>2011-11-02T17:47:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2011-11-02T17:47:23.183-07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="komparator"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="op amp"/><title type='text'>Op - Amp sebagai komparator tegangan</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;          &lt;style type=&quot;text/css&quot;&gt;
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&lt;/style&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.04in; text-align: justify; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Operational Amplifier&lt;/i&gt; atau disingkat op-amp pada dasarnya adalah sebuah penguat diferensial (&lt;i&gt;differential amplifier&lt;/i&gt;) yang memiliki dua terminal masukan dan satu terminal keluaran. Terminal masukan yang diberi tanda (-) dinamakan terminal masukan pembalik (inverting), sedangkan terminal masukan yang diberi (+) dinamakan terminal masukan bukan pembalik (noninverting).&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.04in; text-align: justify; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.04in; text-align: justify; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;          &lt;/span&gt;&lt;style type=&quot;text/css&quot;&gt;
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&lt;/style&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.04in; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;egangan pada terminal keluaran op-amp yang bekerja sebagai komparator memiliki dua keadaan, keluaran 1  (&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;high&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;)  yang besarnya mendekati +Vcc dan dan  keluaran 0 (&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;low&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;) yang besarnya mendekati -Vcc atau mendekati 0 jika op-amp bekerja dengan tegangan tunggal (Vcc-Gnd). Apabila tegangan pada terminal masukan bukan pembalik (+) lebih besar daripada tegangan pada terminal masukan pembalik (–) maka keluaran komparator mendekati +Vcc . Sebaliknya, apabila tegangan pada terminal pembalik (-) lebih besar daripada tegangan pada terminal masukan bukan pembalik (+) maka keluaran komparator mendekati nol.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://belajar-elka.blogspot.com/feeds/7147107467226673862/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://belajar-elka.blogspot.com/2011/11/op-amp-sebagai-komparator-tegangan.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3794031284200779805/posts/default/7147107467226673862'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3794031284200779805/posts/default/7147107467226673862'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://belajar-elka.blogspot.com/2011/11/op-amp-sebagai-komparator-tegangan.html' title='Op - Amp sebagai komparator tegangan'/><author><name>Belajar elektronika</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/16879703818450192164</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3794031284200779805.post-3479364397269769857</id><published>2011-09-19T21:07:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2011-09-19T21:09:13.265-07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="dielektrik"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="elektronika dasar"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="kapasitansi"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="kapasitor"/><title type='text'>Kapasitor dan Kapasitansi</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;style type=&quot;text/css&quot;&gt;
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&lt;/style&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin-bottom: 0.19in; margin-top: 0.19in; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Kapasitor terbuat dari 2 buah plat metal yang dipisahkan oleh suatu bahan dielektrik. Bahan-bahan dielektrik yang umum dikenal misalnya udara vakum, keramik, gelas dan lain-lain. Jika kedua ujung plat metal diberi tegangan listrik, maka muatan-muatan positif akan mengumpul pada salah satu kaki (elektroda) metalnya dan pada saat yang sama muatan-muatan negatif terkumpul pada ujung metal yang satu lagi. Muatan positif tidak dapat mengalir menuju ujung kutup negatif dan sebaliknya muatan negatif tidak bisa menuju ke ujung kutup positif, karena terpisah oleh bahan dielektrik yang non-konduktif. Muatan elektrik ini &quot;tersimpan&quot; selama tidak ada konduksi pada ujung-ujung kakinya&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://2.bp.blogspot.com/__wKSIY9nq2Q/S1133EkCWoI/AAAAAAAABFI/BgZE9oux0Oc/s400/kapasitor.png&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;193&quot; src=&quot;http://2.bp.blogspot.com/__wKSIY9nq2Q/S1133EkCWoI/AAAAAAAABFI/BgZE9oux0Oc/s200/kapasitor.png&quot; width=&quot;200&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin-bottom: 0.19in; margin-top: 0.19in; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;a name=&#39;more&#39;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin-bottom: 0.19in; margin-top: 0.19in;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Kapasitansi didefenisikan sebagai kemampuan dari suatu kapasitor untuk dapat menampung muatan elektron. Coulombs pada abad 18&amp;nbsp; menghitung bahwa 1 coulomb = 6.25 x 10&lt;sup&gt;18&lt;/sup&gt; elektron. Kemudian Michael Faraday&amp;nbsp; membuat postulat bahwa sebuah kapasitor akan memiliki kapasitansi sebesar 1 farad jika dengan tegangan 1 volt dapat memuat muatan elektron sebanyak 1 coulombs. Dengan rumus dapat ditulis : &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin-bottom: 0.19in; margin-top: 0.19in;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Q = CV …………….(1) &amp;nbsp; &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin-bottom: 0in;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Q = muatan elektron dalam C (coulombs)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin-bottom: 0in;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;C = nilai kapasitansi dalam F (farads)&lt;/span&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin-bottom: 0in;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;V = besar tegangan dalam&amp;nbsp; V (volt)&lt;/span&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin-bottom: 0.19in; margin-top: 0.19in;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Dalam praktek pembuatan kapasitor, kapasitansi dihitung dengan mengetahui luas area plat metal (A), jarak (t) antara kedua plat metal (tebal dielektrik) dan konstanta (k) bahan dielektrik. Dengan rumusan dapat ditulis sebagai berikut : &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin-bottom: 0.19in; margin-top: 0.19in;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;C = (8.85 x 10&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;sup&gt;-12&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;) (k A/t) ...(2) &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin-bottom: 0.19in; margin-top: 0.19in;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Berikut adalah tabel contoh konstanta (k) dari beberapa bahan dielektrik yang disederhanakan.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;center style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;  &lt;table cellpadding=&quot;1&quot; cellspacing=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left; width: 304px;&quot;&gt;&lt;colgroup&gt;&lt;col width=&quot;144&quot;&gt;&lt;/col&gt;   &lt;col width=&quot;145&quot;&gt;&lt;/col&gt;   &lt;/colgroup&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;    &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#f8d5a0&quot; style=&quot;border-color: rgb(192, 192, 192) -moz-use-text-color rgb(192, 192, 192) rgb(192, 192, 192); border-style: double none double double; border-width: 2.6pt medium 2.6pt 2.6pt; padding: 0.01in 0in 0.01in 0.01in;&quot; width=&quot;144&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Udara vakum&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;    &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#f8d5a0&quot; style=&quot;border: 2.6pt double rgb(192, 192, 192); padding: 0.01in;&quot; width=&quot;145&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;k = 1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;    &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#f8d5a0&quot; style=&quot;border-color: rgb(192, 192, 192) -moz-use-text-color rgb(192, 192, 192) rgb(192, 192, 192); border-style: double none double double; border-width: 2.6pt medium 2.6pt 2.6pt; padding: 0.01in 0in 0.01in 0.01in;&quot; width=&quot;144&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Aluminium oksida&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;    &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#f8d5a0&quot; style=&quot;border: 2.6pt double rgb(192, 192, 192); padding: 0.01in;&quot; width=&quot;145&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;k = 8&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;    &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#f8d5a0&quot; style=&quot;border-color: rgb(192, 192, 192) -moz-use-text-color rgb(192, 192, 192) rgb(192, 192, 192); border-style: double none double double; border-width: 2.6pt medium 2.6pt 2.6pt; padding: 0.01in 0in 0.01in 0.01in;&quot; width=&quot;144&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Keramik&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;    &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#f8d5a0&quot; style=&quot;border: 2.6pt double rgb(192, 192, 192); padding: 0.01in;&quot; width=&quot;145&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;k = 100 - 1000&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;    &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#f8d5a0&quot; style=&quot;border-color: rgb(192, 192, 192) -moz-use-text-color rgb(192, 192, 192) rgb(192, 192, 192); border-style: double none double double; border-width: 2.6pt medium 2.6pt 2.6pt; padding: 0.01in 0in 0.01in 0.01in;&quot; width=&quot;144&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Gelas&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;    &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#f8d5a0&quot; style=&quot;border: 2.6pt double rgb(192, 192, 192); padding: 0.01in;&quot; width=&quot;145&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;k = 8&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;    &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#f8d5a0&quot; style=&quot;border-color: rgb(192, 192, 192) -moz-use-text-color rgb(192, 192, 192) rgb(192, 192, 192); border-style: double none double double; border-width: 2.6pt medium 2.6pt 2.6pt; padding: 0.01in 0in 0.01in 0.01in;&quot; width=&quot;144&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Polyethylene&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;    &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#f8d5a0&quot; style=&quot;border: 2.6pt double rgb(192, 192, 192); padding: 0.01in;&quot; width=&quot;145&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;k = 3&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin-bottom: 0.19in; margin-top: 0.19in;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Untuk rangkain elektronik praktis, satuan farads adalah sangat besar sekali. Umumnya kapasitor yang ada di pasar memiliki satuan &lt;b&gt;uF (10&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;sup&gt;-6&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt; F)&lt;/b&gt;, &lt;b&gt;nF (10&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;sup&gt;-9&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt; F)&lt;/b&gt; dan &lt;b&gt;pF (10&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;sup&gt;-12&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt; F)&lt;/b&gt;. Konversi satuan&amp;nbsp; penting diketahui untuk memudahkan membaca besaran sebuah kapasitor. Misalnya 0.047uF dapat juga dibaca sebagai 47nF, atau contoh lain 0.1nF sama dengan 100pF. &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: xx-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://belajar-elka.blogspot.com/feeds/3479364397269769857/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://belajar-elka.blogspot.com/2011/09/kapasitor-dan-kapasitansi.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3794031284200779805/posts/default/3479364397269769857'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3794031284200779805/posts/default/3479364397269769857'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://belajar-elka.blogspot.com/2011/09/kapasitor-dan-kapasitansi.html' title='Kapasitor dan Kapasitansi'/><author><name>Belajar elektronika</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/16879703818450192164</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/__wKSIY9nq2Q/S1133EkCWoI/AAAAAAAABFI/BgZE9oux0Oc/s72-c/kapasitor.png" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3794031284200779805.post-5735608764576799760</id><published>2011-09-18T18:33:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2011-09-18T18:57:51.143-07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="AC"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="dc"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="keunggulan"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="listrik"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="sumber"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="umum"/><title type='text'>Alternating Current (AC)</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Listrik AC merupakan elektron yang bergerak bolak-balik dalam suatu penghantar. Saat ujung penghantar bermuatan (-), maka ujung yang lain bermuatan (+), sehingga elektron akan mengalir dari ujung (-). Begitu pula sebaliknya. Jadi AC hampir sama dengan DC, namun muatan ujung penghantar selalu berubah karena elektron akan bergerak bolak-balik.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Pada rangkaian AC arus mengalir bolak-balik secara periodik. Listrik yang disalurkan pada rumah tangga dalam bentuk arus AC.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi2edngRF7_2CApVDydeUG0FzORNhAHR5SUHJTytg-1B9E0JqaLqDuiTHSDlBxTdSyCtWtn0mbTt1di-V1HTMZzs2ArjJdK6oOJZ-Xw9B-tz2Q9eqDV4AdgP5XaHrGLcDrvZqeg4aoh4ps/s1600/Screenshot-5.png&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi2edngRF7_2CApVDydeUG0FzORNhAHR5SUHJTytg-1B9E0JqaLqDuiTHSDlBxTdSyCtWtn0mbTt1di-V1HTMZzs2ArjJdK6oOJZ-Xw9B-tz2Q9eqDV4AdgP5XaHrGLcDrvZqeg4aoh4ps/s1600/Screenshot-5.png&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;a name=&#39;more&#39;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;ul style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Bagaimana AC dihasilkan ?&lt;br /&gt;
Listrik AC dihasilkan oleh generator listrik. Yang terdiri dari sebuah magnet dan kumparan kawat yang diputar pada suatu medan magnet. Saat kumparan diputar , terjadi perubahan kekuatan medan magnet yang melewati kawat dan menghasilkan gaya listrik disekitar kawat. Gaya inilah yang menghasilkan arus. Perubahan sudut putar terhadap medan menyebabkan arus berubah-ubah. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjm7mb53HX2znZx5lCdGqDTg42kIvvU5X0rdhfeu-xvJhIR2TXARYaQag7Bl8Bv_X252NFSa3L5nMMkGIy_xWeTl47L74RIjNikq-v1YNU_MEvI6JxwummE6iENuVtWNGsw6XIjjgR05Fc/s1600/Screenshot-6.png&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;169&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjm7mb53HX2znZx5lCdGqDTg42kIvvU5X0rdhfeu-xvJhIR2TXARYaQag7Bl8Bv_X252NFSa3L5nMMkGIy_xWeTl47L74RIjNikq-v1YNU_MEvI6JxwummE6iENuVtWNGsw6XIjjgR05Fc/s200/Screenshot-6.png&quot; width=&quot;200&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Mengapa kita menggunakan AC ?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Karena listrik AC lebih mudah dibangkitkan. Keuntungan utama dari AC dibanding DC adalah dapat ditransformasikan ke tegangan yang lebih tinggi maupun ke tegangan yang lebih rendah. Tegangan yang tinggi digunakan untuk untuk mengirim listrik jarak&amp;nbsp; yang sangat jauh dan bila telah sampai ke rumah tangga dapat diturunkan ke tegangan yang lebih aman.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Power DC disediakan pada satu tegangan saja. Power AC dapat dinaikkan atau diturunkan sesuai tegangan yang dibutuhkan. Biaya transmisi&amp;nbsp; jarak jauh pada DC lebih mahal dibandingkan AC, jadi banyak peralatan yang dibutuhkan. Tempat pembangkitan DC harus dekat dengan pengguna, pembangkitan AC dapat dibangun diluar kota.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://belajar-elka.blogspot.com/feeds/5735608764576799760/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://belajar-elka.blogspot.com/2011/09/alternating-current-ac.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3794031284200779805/posts/default/5735608764576799760'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3794031284200779805/posts/default/5735608764576799760'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://belajar-elka.blogspot.com/2011/09/alternating-current-ac.html' title='Alternating Current (AC)'/><author><name>Belajar elektronika</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/16879703818450192164</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi2edngRF7_2CApVDydeUG0FzORNhAHR5SUHJTytg-1B9E0JqaLqDuiTHSDlBxTdSyCtWtn0mbTt1di-V1HTMZzs2ArjJdK6oOJZ-Xw9B-tz2Q9eqDV4AdgP5XaHrGLcDrvZqeg4aoh4ps/s72-c/Screenshot-5.png" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3794031284200779805.post-635139857506908291</id><published>2011-02-05T19:20:00.003-08:00</published><updated>2011-02-08T07:25:53.281-08:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="sensor"/><title type='text'>Pyroelectric Detektor</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; font: normal normal normal 13px/19px Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, Times, serif; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; max-width: 500px; padding-bottom: 0.6em; padding-left: 0.6em; padding-right: 0.6em; padding-top: 0.6em;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.7; margin-bottom: 1.7em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img _mce_src=&quot;http://www.fuji-piezo.com/images/pyros2.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;pyros2.jpg (10653 bytes)&quot; height=&quot;165&quot; src=&quot;http://www.fuji-piezo.com/images/pyros2.jpg&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; line-height: 1.7; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;&quot; width=&quot;427&quot; /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div _mce_style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot; style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; line-height: 1.7; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span _mce_style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: left;&quot; style=&quot;color: inherit; direction: ltr; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; line-height: 1.7; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Pyroelectric Infrared Detectors (PIR) merupakan salah satu jenis sensor panas yang dapat digunakan dalam pembuatan robot cerdas KRCI karena sensor ini dapat mendeteksi pergerakan manusia atau binatang, maupun dapat digunakan untuk mendeteksi lilin atau sumber panas lain dalam jarak dekat&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.7; margin-bottom: 1.7em;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;PIR mengkonversi perubahan dalam cahaya inframerah masuk ke sinyal-sinyal listrik.&amp;nbsp;&lt;span _mce_style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: left;&quot; style=&quot;color: inherit; direction: ltr; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; line-height: 1.7; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;Bahan Pyroelectric ditandai dengan memiliki polarisasi listrik spontan, yang diubah oleh perubahan suhu sebagai sinar inframerah menerangi elemen.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;a name=&#39;more&#39;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div _mce_style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot; style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; line-height: 1.7; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div _mce_style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot; style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; line-height: 1.7; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;h3 style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, sans-serif; font-size: 1.17em; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: 0.025em; line-height: 1.7; text-transform: uppercase;&quot;&gt;&lt;span _mce_style=&quot;color: #666699;&quot; style=&quot;color: #666699; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; line-height: 1.7;&quot;&gt;KARAKTERISTIK&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; line-height: 1.7;&quot;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;border-collapse: collapse; color: black; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 14px; line-height: 23px;&quot;&gt;Sensitivitas tinggi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;border-collapse: collapse; color: black; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 14px; line-height: 23px;&quot;&gt;Pilihan serbaguna panjang gelombang IR filter&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;border-collapse: collapse; color: black; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 14px; line-height: 23px;&quot;&gt;beroperasi pada suhu kamar&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;border-collapse: collapse; color: black; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 14px; line-height: 23px;&quot;&gt;Kuat di bawah kondisi lingkungan yang kurang baik&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;border-collapse: collapse; color: black; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 14px; line-height: 23px;&quot;&gt;Stabil terhadap suhu lingkungan dan perubahan atmosfer&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;border-collapse: collapse; color: black; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 14px; line-height: 23px;&quot;&gt;Stabil terhadap gangguan elektromagnetik&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; line-height: 1.7;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #666699; font-size: 15px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 25px; text-transform: uppercase;&quot;&gt;APLIKASI&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; line-height: 1.7;&quot;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;border-collapse: collapse; color: black; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 14px; line-height: 23px;&quot;&gt;Intrusion sensor&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;border-collapse: collapse; color: black; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 14px; line-height: 23px;&quot;&gt;Light control&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;border-collapse: collapse; color: black; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 14px; line-height: 23px;&quot;&gt;Pengukuran temperatur&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;border-collapse: collapse; color: black; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 14px; line-height: 23px;&quot;&gt;Flame detector&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;border-collapse: collapse; color: black; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 14px; line-height: 23px;&quot;&gt;Automatic door switch&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;border-collapse: collapse; color: black; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 14px; line-height: 23px;&quot;&gt;Visitor detector&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;border-collapse: collapse; color: black; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 14px; line-height: 23px;&quot;&gt;Keamanan rumah&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://belajar-elka.blogspot.com/feeds/635139857506908291/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://belajar-elka.blogspot.com/2011/02/pyroelectric-detektor.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3794031284200779805/posts/default/635139857506908291'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3794031284200779805/posts/default/635139857506908291'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://belajar-elka.blogspot.com/2011/02/pyroelectric-detektor.html' title='Pyroelectric Detektor'/><author><name>Belajar elektronika</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/16879703818450192164</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3794031284200779805.post-6736823616744991378</id><published>2011-02-05T19:20:00.001-08:00</published><updated>2011-02-08T07:27:30.229-08:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="elektronika daya"/><title type='text'>Sekilas Tentang Elektronika Daya</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; font: normal normal normal 13px/19px Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, Times, serif; line-height: 1.7; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; max-width: 500px; padding-bottom: 0.6em; padding-left: 0.6em; padding-right: 0.6em; padding-top: 0.6em;&quot;&gt;&lt;div _mce_style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot; class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; line-height: 1.7; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a _mce_href=&quot;http://www.mes-sa.com/IMAGES/706electronique2.bmp&quot; _mce_style=&quot;clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot; href=&quot;http://www.mes-sa.com/IMAGES/706electronique2.bmp&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; color: #0060ff; float: left; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; line-height: 1.7; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img _mce_src=&quot;http://www.mes-sa.com/IMAGES/706electronique2.bmp&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;200&quot; src=&quot;http://www.mes-sa.com/IMAGES/706electronique2.bmp&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; line-height: 1.7; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;&quot; width=&quot;150&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.7; margin-bottom: 1.7em;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;Elektronika daya alias power electronic dewasa ini menjadi topik yang cukup hangat dalam pembicaraan. Di sebagian kalangan masih terdapat kontroversi apakah subjek ini masuk ke dalam topik ketenagaan ataukah elektronika. Akan tetapi semua sepakat bahwasanya pengembangan bidang elktronika daya ini perlu terus dilakukan karena hal ini berkaitan dengan keseterdiaan energi.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.7; margin-bottom: 1.7em;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;Secara singkat elektronika daya dapat dijelaskan sebagai salah satu cabang bidang elektronika yang mempelajari tentang seni konversi energi listrik dari satu bentuk ke bentuk lainnya secara efisien, rapi, dengan meminimalisasi buangan energi. Dikatakan sebagai seni karena kita memilih cara mengkonversi dengan teknik teknik tertentu untuk mencapai efisiensi yang maksimum. Beberapa aplikasi elektronika daya yang sering kita temui yaitu dalam bentuk power supply dan motor driver.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;a name=&#39;more&#39;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Adapun beberapa hal yang terkait dalam pembelajaran elektronika daya yaitu:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.7; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 1.7em; margin-left: 2.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; line-height: 1.7;&quot;&gt;komponen daya semikonduktor&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; line-height: 1.7;&quot;&gt;topologi konversi daya&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; line-height: 1.7;&quot;&gt;trik2 pengendalian dalam konversi daya&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; line-height: 1.7;&quot;&gt;elektronika digital, analog dan mikroelektronik yang berkaitan&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; line-height: 1.7;&quot;&gt;elemen penyimpan energi kapasitif dan magnetic&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; line-height: 1.7;&quot;&gt;rotating and static electrical devices&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; line-height: 1.7;&quot;&gt;kualitas pembangkitan sinyal&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; line-height: 1.7;&quot;&gt;interferensi frekuensi radio dan elektromagnetic&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; line-height: 1.7;&quot;&gt;manajemen thermal&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://belajar-elka.blogspot.com/feeds/6736823616744991378/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://belajar-elka.blogspot.com/2011/02/sekilas-tentang-elektronika-daya.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3794031284200779805/posts/default/6736823616744991378'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3794031284200779805/posts/default/6736823616744991378'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://belajar-elka.blogspot.com/2011/02/sekilas-tentang-elektronika-daya.html' title='Sekilas Tentang Elektronika Daya'/><author><name>Belajar elektronika</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/16879703818450192164</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3794031284200779805.post-3603545420470373005</id><published>2011-02-05T19:19:00.003-08:00</published><updated>2011-09-18T18:45:49.648-07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="praktek"/><title type='text'>Cek (part 2)</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; font: normal normal normal 13px/19px Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, Times, serif; line-height: 1.7; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; max-width: 500px; padding-bottom: 0.6em; padding-left: 0.6em; padding-right: 0.6em; padding-top: 0.6em;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.7; margin-bottom: 1.7em;&quot;&gt;Cek diode mu:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.7; margin-bottom: 1.7em;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Cek dengan ohm meter jika bolak balik sambung maka diodamu sudah rusak!&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Cek dulu stop kontak jika bermain2 dengan tegangan AC:&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Cek dengan tes pen, yang menyala itu line, yang mati berarti ground, kalo nyala dua2nya berarti konslet&amp;nbsp; :d&lt;a name=&#39;more&#39;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.7; margin-bottom: 1.7em;&quot;&gt;Cek variAC:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.7; margin-bottom: 1.7em;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Cek dengan ohm meter, kaki-kakinya. antara out dan in ada kaki yang nyambung itulah yang sebagai ground.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.7; margin-bottom: 1.7em;&quot;&gt;--cukup jelas? jangan meledak lagi ya!---&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://belajar-elka.blogspot.com/feeds/3603545420470373005/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://belajar-elka.blogspot.com/2011/02/cekcekcek.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3794031284200779805/posts/default/3603545420470373005'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3794031284200779805/posts/default/3603545420470373005'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://belajar-elka.blogspot.com/2011/02/cekcekcek.html' title='Cek (part 2)'/><author><name>Belajar elektronika</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/16879703818450192164</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3794031284200779805.post-5175184780877953854</id><published>2011-02-05T19:19:00.001-08:00</published><updated>2011-09-18T18:57:36.790-07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="bocor"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="cek"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="kapasitor"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="pengujian"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="praktek"/><title type='text'>Cek Kapasitor</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #444444; font: 13px/1.7 Georgia,&#39;Times New Roman&#39;,&#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;,Times,serif; margin: 0px; max-width: 500px; padding: 0.6em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: Georgia,&#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;,serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.7; margin-bottom: 1.7em;&quot;&gt;Jika kita ingin mengetahui sebuah kapasitor itu masih baik atau tidak dapat digunakan dua jenis pengujian, yaitu pengujian resistansi (&quot;self discharging&quot;) dan pengujian terhadap muatannya.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: Georgia,&#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;,serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.7; margin-bottom: 1.7em;&quot;&gt;Pengujian resistansi dilakukan dengan&amp;nbsp;pengosongan terlebih dahulu.&amp;nbsp; Cara melakukan pengosongan kapasitor adalah dengan mempertemukan kedua kaki kapasitor. Untuk kapasitor elektrolit dengan tegangan besar maka lebih baik digunakan resistor untuk menghindari adanya loncatan bunga api.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a name=&#39;more&#39;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: Georgia,&#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;,serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.7; margin-bottom: 1.7em;&quot;&gt;Setelah itu barulah hubungkan kapasitor dengan ohm meter. Lihat gerak jarum ohm meter seharusnya ia akan bergerak menuju tak terhingga. Tanda bahwa kapasitor itu masih baik adalah jarum tidak bergerak turun kembali. Untuk kapasitor nonpolar lakukan secara dua arah (bolak-balik), untuk kapasitor polar (elektrolit) maka lakukan sesuai polarnya.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Pengujian jenis lainnya adalah untuk menguji muatan. Pengujian ini dilakukan dengan cara menghubungkan kapasitor dengan sumber tegangan dan mengukur tegangan kapasitor dengan volt meter. Lihat tegangan kapasitor, biarkan ia naik hingga mendekati tegangan sumber yang kita berikan.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Setelah tegangan mencapai tegangan sumber atau paling tidak mendekati, maka lepas kapasitor dari sumber tegangan juga lepas volt meternya. Tunggu/ biarkan kurang lebih satu menit, lalu ukur kembali tegangan kapasitor menggunakan voltmeter. Tanda bahwa kapasitor masih baik jika tegangannya tidak turun masih sama sebelum dilepas dari tegangan sumber, atau kalaupun turun tidak terlalu jauh.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: Georgia,&#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;,serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.7; margin-bottom: 1.7em;&quot;&gt;Demikian cara sederhana untuk pengujian kapasitor yang diduga &quot;bocor&quot;, semoga bermanfaat :)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://belajar-elka.blogspot.com/feeds/5175184780877953854/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://belajar-elka.blogspot.com/2011/02/mengecek-bocor-kapasitor.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3794031284200779805/posts/default/5175184780877953854'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3794031284200779805/posts/default/5175184780877953854'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://belajar-elka.blogspot.com/2011/02/mengecek-bocor-kapasitor.html' title='Cek Kapasitor'/><author><name>Belajar elektronika</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/16879703818450192164</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3794031284200779805.post-7438219185174324025</id><published>2011-02-05T19:18:00.001-08:00</published><updated>2011-02-08T07:38:33.456-08:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="praktek"/><title type='text'>Belajar ORCAD lagi:)</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; font: normal normal normal 13px/19px Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, Times, serif; line-height: 1.7; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; max-width: 500px; padding-bottom: 0.6em; padding-left: 0.6em; padding-right: 0.6em; padding-top: 0.6em;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.7; margin-bottom: 1.7em;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;Rasanya udah lamaaaaaaaaaa banget aku tu ga berhubungan dengan berbau2 elektronis, maklum 2 bulan aku KKN dan sindrome KKN aka males masih aku rasakan hingga saat ini. Tapi Alhamdulillah akhirnya Alloh masih kasih kekuatan padaku untuk kembali bangkit, kembali berkutat dengan TA ku dan kembali ke kampus, kembali ke Lab isk JTE UGM. Oh.........rasanya aku sangat merindukan kampus dan semangatku belajar^.^&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.7; margin-bottom: 1.7em;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;Kemarin lusa malam (hayah...apaan sih :p ) aku kembali mengulang menggunakan ORCAD untuk membuat layout PCB. Tau kan ORCAD itu apa? Bagi yang belum &#39;n pengen tau aku kasih tau aja deh, ORCAD itu sebuah software yang kita bisa gunakan untuk membuat rangkaian, simulasi maupun bikin layout buat PCB nya. Oke deh, sekarang ini aku mau nulis singkatnya aja tentang pembuatan layout PCB dengan ORCAD. Kebetulan yang saya gunakan itu ORCAD versi 9.1.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.7; margin-bottom: 1.7em;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;ORCAD sendiri sebetulnya ada beberapa feature seperti yang sudah saya sebutkan. Tapi berhubung saya hanya memerlukan feature membuat rangkaian sekaligus layotu PCB nya maka saya hanya menginstall Capture cis dan layoutnya saja. Setelah instalasi barulah kita bisa menggunakannya (hehehe yaiyalah :p )&lt;/div&gt;&lt;a name=&#39;more&#39;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.7; margin-bottom: 1.7em;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;Adapun cara membuat layout PCB dengan ORCAD ada banyak cara yg bisa digunakan, akan tetapi saya belajar dgn memulai membuat skematik rangkaiannya terlebih dahulu. Skematik rangkaian dibuat pada feature capture cis, caranya: start menu-&amp;gt;ORCAD-&amp;gt;capture cis lalu buat&amp;nbsp;project baru. Disitu akan ada opsi maka saya pilih opsi PCB board, nama dan tempat bisa dipilih sesuai selera (hahaha..kayak masakan :d ). Ada yang perlu diperhatikan, sebelum membuat skematik haruslah meng-add library nya dulu, kalo saya saya add semua :d . Nah, setelah skematik jadi maka save lah file mu dengan nama yang kamu inginkan.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.7; margin-bottom: 1.7em;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;Setelah kamu simpan dan beri nama skematikmu itu, jangan kau tutup dulu melainkan pilihlah project manajer (biasanya ada short icon di bawah bar menu), lalu setelah kamu pilih terlihatlah halaman yang berbeda dengan gambar skematikmu tadi berada. Tampilannya akan seperti windows explorer dengan folder2 di sebelah kirinya. Dari situ pilih file halaman skematikmu lalu klik icon &quot;create netlist&quot;. Yang akan terjadi kemudian adalah munculnya file *.mnl skematik yang kamu buat. Maka kini kamu bisa buka feature lay out dan membuat desain PCB dari skematik yang sudah kamu buat :)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.7; margin-bottom: 1.7em;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;Buka feature lay out dengan pilih start menu-&amp;gt;orcad-&amp;gt;lay out. Pilihlah File-&amp;gt;new dan buka file default_tch lalu buka pula file *.mnl dari skematik yang telah kamu buat. Nah, setelah terbuka, kamu bisa mengatur letak komponen sesukamu yang kamu anggap paling simpel. Bagian ini nih&amp;nbsp;yang bikin aku bingung :p&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.7; margin-bottom: 1.7em;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;Setelah kamu atur letak komponen2 itu, klik ikon &quot;view spreadsheet&quot; untuk mengatur berapa layer kamu buat desain pcb mu itu. Desain yang umum si dalam satu layer, makanya biasa hanya saya gunakan bottom layer saja. Cara mengaturnya adalah dengan memilih/meng-klik top, inner1 dan inner2 lalu klik kanan, properties, unused, ini berarti kita hanya menggunakan buttom layer. Kemudian, masih di spreadsheet pilih net atur width min maxnya menjadi 50. Lalu, masih juga di spreadsheet&amp;nbsp;aturlah padstack pad with 80.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.7; margin-bottom: 1.7em;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;Nah, sekarang kita bisa membuat routing yang akan kita cetak pada PCB dengan memilih menu auto-&amp;gt;autoroot-&amp;gt;board. Routing PCB mu telah jadi (jika ada error, maka lacak dan perbaikilah erornya). Sebelum mencetak, kita harus mengatur beberapa hal terlebih dahulu dengan memilih option-&amp;gt;post process seting. Pilih Buttom, klik kanan pada pilihan tersebut lalu pilih preview untuk melihat routing dengan jelas. Untuk mencetaknya, maka tinggal kita pilih File-&amp;gt;print, pilih pada ceck button/ aktifkan opsi print manajer, keep drill holes open dan force black and white. Silakan kamu mengeprint dengan printer yang ada :d&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.7; margin-bottom: 1.7em;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;Nah setelah kita mendapatkan cetakan layout PCB yang akan kita buat maka yang biasa saya lakukan adalah mengcopy cetakan tersebut pada kertas glossy. Kopian pada kertas glossy itulah yang nantinya di cetak di PCB dengan cara menyetrika.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.7; margin-bottom: 1.7em;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;Jadilah :)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://belajar-elka.blogspot.com/feeds/7438219185174324025/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://belajar-elka.blogspot.com/2011/02/belajar-orcad-lagi.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3794031284200779805/posts/default/7438219185174324025'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3794031284200779805/posts/default/7438219185174324025'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://belajar-elka.blogspot.com/2011/02/belajar-orcad-lagi.html' title='Belajar ORCAD lagi:)'/><author><name>Belajar elektronika</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/16879703818450192164</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3794031284200779805.post-3088864610937648766</id><published>2011-02-05T19:17:00.003-08:00</published><updated>2011-02-09T17:02:39.360-08:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="analog"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="digital"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Elektronika"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="hibrid"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="pll"/><title type='text'>Phase Locked Loop 4046</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; font: normal normal normal 13px/19px Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, Times, serif; line-height: 1.7; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; max-width: 500px; padding-bottom: 0.6em; padding-left: 0.6em; padding-right: 0.6em; padding-top: 0.6em;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.7; margin-bottom: 1.7em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span _mce_style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; font-family: &amp;quot;;&quot; style=&quot;color: inherit; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.7;&quot;&gt;HEF 4046B adalah sebuah ic&amp;nbsp;&lt;em style=&quot;border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; font-style: italic; line-height: 1.7;&quot;&gt;phase locked loop&lt;/em&gt;&amp;nbsp;yang terdiri atas dua buah komparator fase (&lt;em style=&quot;border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; font-style: italic; line-height: 1.7;&quot;&gt;phase comparator&lt;/em&gt;), sebuah VCO linear, dan sebuah&amp;nbsp;&lt;em style=&quot;border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; font-style: italic; line-height: 1.7;&quot;&gt;source follower&lt;/em&gt;. Sebuah rangkaian filter pelewat rendah (&lt;em style=&quot;border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; font-style: italic; line-height: 1.7;&quot;&gt;low pass filter&lt;/em&gt;) perlu ditambahkan diluar rangkaian untuk memfilter tegangan keluaran dari komparator fase yang digunakan sebagai tegangan masukan VCO.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;img _mce_src=&quot;http://noorhalimah.wordpress.com/wp-includes/js/tinymce/plugins/wordpress/img/trans.gif&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;mceWPmore mceItemNoResize&quot; src=&quot;http://noorhalimah.wordpress.com/wp-includes/js/tinymce/plugins/wordpress/img/trans.gif&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: url(http://noorhalimah.wordpress.com/wp-includes/js/tinymce/plugins/wordpress/img/more_bug.gif); background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 0%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-style: initial; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: dotted; border-top-width: 1px; color: #444444; display: block; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; height: 12px; line-height: 1.7; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 15px; width: 479px;&quot; title=&quot;Selebihnya...&quot; /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.7; margin-bottom: 1.7em;&quot;&gt;Berikut rangkaian internal HEF 4046&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div _mce_style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.7; margin-bottom: 1.7em; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a _mce_href=&quot;http://noorhalimah.files.wordpress.com/2008/06/4046.jpg&quot; href=&quot;http://noorhalimah.files.wordpress.com/2008/06/4046.jpg&quot; style=&quot;color: #0060ff; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; line-height: 1.7;&quot;&gt;&lt;img _mce_src=&quot;http://noorhalimah.wordpress.com/files/2008/06/4046.jpg?w=300&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;alignnone size-medium wp-image-139 aligncenter&quot; height=&quot;205&quot; src=&quot;http://noorhalimah.wordpress.com/files/2008/06/4046.jpg?w=300&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; clear: both; color: #444444; display: block; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; line-height: 1.7; margin-bottom: 2px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; margin-top: 0px; max-width: 100%;&quot; width=&quot;300&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div _mce_style=&quot;margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 150%;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 1.7em; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;&quot;&gt;Dalam perancangan PLL yang perlu diperhatikan adalah frekuensi kerja PLL yang dipengaruhi oleh rancangan VCO dan filter pelewat rendahnya. Secara lebih detail, perancangan PLL akan dijelaskan pada masing-masing bagiannya.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div _mce_style=&quot;margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 150%;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 1.7em; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div _mce_style=&quot;margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in; line-height: 150%;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 1.7em; margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;&quot;&gt;&lt;span _mce_style=&quot;font-family: Symbol;&quot; style=&quot;color: inherit; font-family: Symbol; line-height: 1.7;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: inherit; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; line-height: 1.7;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span _mce_style=&quot;font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: &amp;quot;;&quot; style=&quot;color: inherit; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; font-size: 7pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;VCO (&lt;em style=&quot;border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; font-style: italic; line-height: 1.7;&quot;&gt;Voltage Controlled Oscilator&lt;/em&gt;)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div _mce_style=&quot;margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 150%;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 1.7em; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;&quot;&gt;VCO membutuhkan sebuah kapasitor eksternal dan sebuah atau dua buah resistor, dimana R1 dan C1 menentukan rentang frekuensi serta R2 memungkinkan frekuensi offset jika diperlukan. Output VCO (pin 4) dapat secara langsung atau melalui pembagi frekuensi dihubungkan dengan input komparator (pin 3). Input inhibit (“low”) meng-&lt;em style=&quot;border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; font-style: italic; line-height: 1.7;&quot;&gt;enable&lt;/em&gt;&amp;nbsp;VCO dan source follower, sebaliknya jika “high” akan mengakibatkan keduanya tidak bekerja untuk meminimalisasi konsumsi daya.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div _mce_style=&quot;margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 150%;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 1.7em; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;&quot;&gt;Cara kerja VCO adalah sebagai berikut, masukan tegangan dc mengatur frekuensi keluarannya. Jika tidak diberi sinyal masukan, VCO akan berosilasi dalam mode “free running” yang frekuensinya ditentukan oleh elemen-elemen rangkaian. Besarnya frekuensi “free running” dari VCO diberikan oleh&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.7; margin-bottom: 1.7em;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div _mce_style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.7; margin-bottom: 1.7em; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span _mce_style=&quot;position: relative; top: 12pt;&quot; style=&quot;color: inherit; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; line-height: 1.7; position: relative; top: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;img _mce_src=&quot;/DOCUME~1/MYBABY~1/LOCALS~1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image002.gif&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; height=&quot;48&quot; src=&quot;http://noorhalimah.wordpress.com/DOCUME~1/MYBABY~1/LOCALS~1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image002.gif&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; line-height: 1.7; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;&quot; width=&quot;119&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;…………..(1)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div _mce_style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.7; margin-bottom: 1.7em; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div _mce_style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.7; margin-bottom: 1.7em; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div _mce_style=&quot;margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 150%;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 1.7em; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;&quot;&gt;Dengan pengukuran frekuensi&amp;nbsp;&lt;em style=&quot;border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; font-style: italic; line-height: 1.7;&quot;&gt;free running&amp;nbsp;&lt;/em&gt;maka akan dapat diperoleh gain VCO sebagai berikut.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div _mce_style=&quot;margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: center; line-height: 150%;&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 1.7em; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;PT-BR&quot; style=&quot;color: inherit; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; line-height: 1.7;&quot;&gt;Kv =&amp;nbsp;&lt;a class=&quot;mceItemAnchor&quot; href=&quot;http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3794031284200779805&amp;amp;postID=3088864610937648766&quot; name=&quot;OLE_LINK2&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: url(http://noorhalimah.wordpress.com/wp-includes/js/tinymce/themes/advanced/skins/default/img/items.gif); background-origin: initial; background-position: 0% 100%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; line-height: 6px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-left: 12px; width: 12px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;mceItemAnchor&quot; href=&quot;http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3794031284200779805&amp;amp;postID=3088864610937648766&quot; name=&quot;OLE_LINK1&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: url(http://noorhalimah.wordpress.com/wp-includes/js/tinymce/themes/advanced/skins/default/img/items.gif); background-origin: initial; background-position: 0% 100%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; line-height: 6px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-left: 12px; width: 12px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: inherit; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; line-height: 1.7;&quot;&gt;∆fo&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;/∆V&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;color: inherit; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; line-height: 1.7;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;…………………(2)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div _mce_style=&quot;margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: center; line-height: 150%;&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 1.7em; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;PT-BR&quot; style=&quot;color: inherit; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; line-height: 1.7;&quot;&gt;di mana&lt;span style=&quot;color: inherit; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; line-height: 1.7;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;∆fo dalam rad/sekon&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div _mce_style=&quot;margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: center; line-height: 150%;&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 1.7em; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;PT-BR&quot; style=&quot;color: inherit; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; line-height: 1.7;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: inherit; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; line-height: 1.7;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;∆V dalam volt&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.7; margin-bottom: 1.7em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span _mce_style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; font-family: &amp;quot;;&quot; style=&quot;color: inherit; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.7;&quot;&gt;Komponen R1 dan C1 dipilih sesuai dengan frekuensi&amp;nbsp;&lt;em style=&quot;border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; font-style: italic; line-height: 1.7;&quot;&gt;free running&lt;/em&gt;yang diinginkan. frekuensi&amp;nbsp;&lt;em style=&quot;border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; font-style: italic; line-height: 1.7;&quot;&gt;Free running&lt;/em&gt;&amp;nbsp;akan menentukan&amp;nbsp;&lt;em style=&quot;border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; font-style: italic; line-height: 1.7;&quot;&gt;capture range&lt;/em&gt;&amp;nbsp;dan&amp;nbsp;&lt;em style=&quot;border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; font-style: italic; line-height: 1.7;&quot;&gt;lock range&lt;/em&gt;&amp;nbsp;dari PLL yaitu rentang frekuensi yang dapat diikuti oleh frekuensi masukannya.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div _mce_style=&quot;margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 150%;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 1.7em; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;&quot;&gt;&lt;span _mce_style=&quot;font-family: Symbol;&quot; style=&quot;color: inherit; font-family: Symbol; line-height: 1.7;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: inherit; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; line-height: 1.7;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span _mce_style=&quot;font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: &amp;quot;;&quot; style=&quot;color: inherit; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; font-size: 7pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Komparator fase&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div _mce_style=&quot;margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 150%;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 1.7em; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;&quot;&gt;Komparator fase akan menghasilkan tegangan tertentu disebabkan adanya perbedan fase antara kedua sinyal masukannya. Dengan kata lain, komparator fase akan mendeteksi perbedaan fase dan menghasilkan tegangan tertentu yang nilainya tergantung pada perbedaan fase yang terdeteksi. Pada IC PLL ini, sinyal masukan pada masing-masing komparator fase berupa sinyal keluaran VCO dan sinyal masukan dari luar yang merupakan sinyal masukan dari rangkaian pengali frekuensi.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div _mce_style=&quot;margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 150%;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 1.7em; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;&quot;&gt;HEF 4046B memiliki dua buah komparator fase dengan dua buah pin sinyal masukan yang sama, yaitu pin 3 dan pin 14 (lihat gambar 1). Kedua komparator fase dapat digunakan sesuai dengan kebutuhan. Jika digunakan komparator1 maka rangkaian pelewat rendah (LPF) dihubungkan dengan pin 2 dan jika digunakan komparator dua LPF dihubungkan dengan pin 13.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.7; margin-bottom: 1.7em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span _mce_style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; font-family: &amp;quot;;&quot; style=&quot;color: inherit; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.7;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: inherit; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; line-height: 1.7;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Komparator 1 berupa gerbang EXOR. Jika digunakan komparator ini, maka sinyal masukan harus memiliki duty cycle 50% untuk mendapatkan lock range yang maksimal.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span _mce_style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; font-family: &amp;quot;;&quot; style=&quot;color: inherit; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.7;&quot;&gt;Tegangan keluaran rata-rata dari komparator1 sebesar 1/2Vdd saat tidak diberi sinyal masukan.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.7; margin-bottom: 1.7em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span _mce_style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; font-family: &amp;quot;;&quot; style=&quot;color: inherit; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.7;&quot;&gt;Berbeda dengan komparator 1, komparator 2 bekerja mendeteksi&lt;em style=&quot;border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; font-style: italic; line-height: 1.7;&quot;&gt;positive edge going&lt;/em&gt;&amp;nbsp;kedua sinyal masukannya. Oleh karena itu, duty cycle sinyal masukannya tidaklah penting.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div _mce_style=&quot;margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in; line-height: 150%;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 1.7em; margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;&quot;&gt;&lt;span _mce_style=&quot;font-family: Symbol;&quot; style=&quot;color: inherit; font-family: Symbol; line-height: 1.7;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: inherit; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; line-height: 1.7;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span _mce_style=&quot;font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: &amp;quot;;&quot; style=&quot;color: inherit; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; font-size: 7pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Filter Pelewat Rendah (LPF)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div _mce_style=&quot;margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 150%;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 1.7em; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;&quot;&gt;LPF berfungsi untuk melewatkan frekuensi rendah sehingga akan didapat tegangan dc yang akan digunakan sebagai masukan VCO. LPF yang digunakan pada rangkaian ini menggunakan RC filter. Nilai-nilai R dan C rangkaian LPF secara tidak langsung akan memengaruhi capture range dari rangkaian PLL.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://belajar-elka.blogspot.com/feeds/3088864610937648766/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://belajar-elka.blogspot.com/2011/02/phase-locked-loop-4046.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3794031284200779805/posts/default/3088864610937648766'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3794031284200779805/posts/default/3088864610937648766'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://belajar-elka.blogspot.com/2011/02/phase-locked-loop-4046.html' title='Phase Locked Loop 4046'/><author><name>Belajar elektronika</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/16879703818450192164</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3794031284200779805.post-2899577246397702909</id><published>2011-02-05T19:17:00.001-08:00</published><updated>2011-02-09T17:03:28.239-08:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Elektronika"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="hambatan"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="lanjut"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="transistor"/><title type='text'>Hambatan Negatif dengan Transistor</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; font: normal normal normal 13px/19px Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, Times, serif; line-height: 1.7; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; max-width: 500px; padding-bottom: 0.6em; padding-left: 0.6em; padding-right: 0.6em; padding-top: 0.6em;&quot;&gt;&lt;div _mce_style=&quot;margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 150%;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 1.7em; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;&quot;&gt;Rangkaian hambatan negatif merupakan sebuah sistem elektronis yang memiliki fungsi sebagai pengubah impedansi negatif, dimana hambatan pada rangkaian tersebut bersifat negatif. Nilai hambatan yang negatif dapat dibuktikan dengan grafik hubungan V – I. Pada grafik hubungan V-I dengan hambatan positif akan menunjukkan hubungan berbanding lurus, sedangkan pada grafik hubungan V-I rangkaian ini akan menunjukkan hubungan yang berbanding&lt;span style=&quot;color: inherit; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; line-height: 1.7;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;terbalik (grafik N atau grafik S).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div _mce_style=&quot;margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 150%;&quot; style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 1.7em; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;&quot;&gt;Rangkaian hambatan negatif dapat direalisasikan baik dengan menggunakan&amp;nbsp;&lt;em style=&quot;border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; font-style: italic; line-height: 1.7;&quot;&gt;opamp&lt;/em&gt;&amp;nbsp;maupun dengan transistor. Akan tetapi, pada kesempatan ini rancangan hambatan negatif menggunakan transistor. Sifat hambatan negatif dapat pula ditemukan dalam komponen jadi yang telah ada di pasaran yaitu berupa dioda terowongan (&lt;em style=&quot;border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; font-style: italic; line-height: 1.7;&quot;&gt;tunnel diode&lt;/em&gt;). Pada tingkat aplikasi, hambatan negatif dapat digunakan pada rangkaian tunning untuk memurnikan induktor (menghilangkan resistansi induktor).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div _mce_style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.7; margin-bottom: 1.7em; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a _mce_href=&quot;http://noorhalimah.files.wordpress.com/2008/06/r-neg.jpg&quot; href=&quot;http://noorhalimah.files.wordpress.com/2008/06/r-neg.jpg&quot; style=&quot;color: #0060ff; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; line-height: 1.7;&quot;&gt;&lt;img _mce_src=&quot;http://noorhalimah.wordpress.com/files/2008/06/r-neg.jpg?w=300&quot; alt=&quot;Rangkaian Hambatan Negatif&quot; class=&quot;alignnone size-medium wp-image-136 aligncenter&quot; height=&quot;225&quot; src=&quot;http://noorhalimah.wordpress.com/files/2008/06/r-neg.jpg?w=300&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; clear: both; color: #444444; display: block; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; line-height: 1.7; margin-bottom: 2px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; margin-top: 0px; max-width: 100%;&quot; width=&quot;300&quot; /&gt;&lt;span _mce_style=&quot;text-decoration: underline;&quot; style=&quot;color: inherit; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; line-height: 1.7; text-decoration: underline;&quot;&gt;rangkaian hambatan negatif dengan transistor&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://belajar-elka.blogspot.com/feeds/2899577246397702909/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://belajar-elka.blogspot.com/2011/02/hambatan-negatif-dengan-transistor.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3794031284200779805/posts/default/2899577246397702909'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3794031284200779805/posts/default/2899577246397702909'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://belajar-elka.blogspot.com/2011/02/hambatan-negatif-dengan-transistor.html' title='Hambatan Negatif dengan Transistor'/><author><name>Belajar elektronika</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/16879703818450192164</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3794031284200779805.post-7304448571576428570</id><published>2011-02-05T19:15:00.003-08:00</published><updated>2011-02-09T17:04:40.148-08:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="elektronika daya"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="step down"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="step up"/><title type='text'>Step DOwn atau Step up?!</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; font: normal normal normal 13px/19px Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, Times, serif; line-height: 1.7; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; max-width: 500px; padding-bottom: 0.6em; padding-left: 0.6em; padding-right: 0.6em; padding-top: 0.6em;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.7; margin-bottom: 1.7em;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;Seorang teman bercerita tentang sebuah tema yang bakal jadi tugas akhirnya. Katanya sih, diilhami dari permasalahan yang sedang dihadapi sebuah rumah sakit swasta. Dia pun akhirnya buka mulut...&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.7; margin-bottom: 1.7em;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&quot;Jadi ceritanya begini, di rumah sakit Bagus ada banyak peralatan medis yang diimport dari luar negeri akan tetapi tidak dapat digunakan karena supply-nya 110v (di luar sana listrik AC 110v sedangkan di Indnesia 220v),bisa tidak ya dibuat alat yang bisa menaikkan tegangan 110 ke 220?&quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.7; margin-bottom: 1.7em;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;Ehm..&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.7; margin-bottom: 1.7em;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;Rupa-rupanya ada kesalahan pemahaman di sini. Sebuah alat dengan supply sekian volt maksudnya adalah alat tersebut membutuhkan daya 110v untuk bisa berjalan. Bukan justru sebaliknya. Adapun jika alat tersebut diberi supply yang tidak sesuai dengan kebutuhan (misal 220 diberi 110 atau sebaliknya) bukan berarti tidak bisa berjalan secara mutlak akan tetapi tidak dapat berjalan sesuai dengan fungsinya juga akan merusak komponen-komponen yang ada di dalamnya.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.7; margin-bottom: 1.7em;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;Jadi gimana?&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.7; margin-bottom: 1.7em;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;Solusinya, yang lebih tepat adalah dengan merancang sebuah alat konverter AC-AC yang dapat menurunkan tegangan 220 v ke 110 v (AC). Alat ini nantinya menjadi fasilitas dari supply listrik PLN 220v ke peralatan medis yang ada. Adapun untuk menurunkan tegangan bisa menggunakan berbagai macam cara. Bisa dengan memanfaatkan prinsip induksi (dengan transformer) atau dengan memanfaatkan penyulutan SCR yang kemudian keluarannya di chopping.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.7; margin-bottom: 1.7em;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;Mmm, permasalahan konverter dan hal-hal semacam ini bisa didapatkan di buku-buku power electronic. Buat kawanku yang sama-sama sedang pusing, mari berjuang bersama!:D&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://belajar-elka.blogspot.com/feeds/7304448571576428570/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://belajar-elka.blogspot.com/2011/02/step-down-atau-step-up.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3794031284200779805/posts/default/7304448571576428570'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3794031284200779805/posts/default/7304448571576428570'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://belajar-elka.blogspot.com/2011/02/step-down-atau-step-up.html' title='Step DOwn atau Step up?!'/><author><name>Belajar elektronika</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/16879703818450192164</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3794031284200779805.post-803618472089309168</id><published>2011-02-05T19:15:00.001-08:00</published><updated>2011-02-09T17:01:45.677-08:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="line follower"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="robot"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="sendor"/><title type='text'>Line Follower (2)</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; font: normal normal normal 13px/19px Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, Times, serif; line-height: 1.7; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; max-width: 500px; padding-bottom: 0.6em; padding-left: 0.6em; padding-right: 0.6em; padding-top: 0.6em;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.7; margin-bottom: 1.7em;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; line-height: 1.7;&quot;&gt;Rangkaian Sensor&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.7; margin-bottom: 1.7em;&quot;&gt;Rangkaian yang cukup penting dalam perancangan robot pengikut garis adalah rangkaian sensor. Tak lain dan tak bukan adalah sensor untuk mengenali lintasannya. Adapun untuk rangkaian sensor yang sederhana dapat terdiri dari LED dan LDR saja. Nantinya perbedaan pembacaan LDR-lah yang akan menggerakkan motor (baca:mengatur jalannya robot)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.7; margin-bottom: 1.7em;&quot;&gt;Robot yang sederhana hanya menggunakan dua buah&amp;nbsp; sensor, sensor kanan dan sensor kiri yang masing-masing akan mengendalikan satu motor.Mmm..gimana ya, bagusnya penjelasan mengenai rangkaian sensor ini dilengkapi gambar-gambar tapi saya belum bisa mengup-load gambar nih..ada yang bisa mengajari??&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://belajar-elka.blogspot.com/feeds/803618472089309168/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://belajar-elka.blogspot.com/2011/02/line-follower-2.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3794031284200779805/posts/default/803618472089309168'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3794031284200779805/posts/default/803618472089309168'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://belajar-elka.blogspot.com/2011/02/line-follower-2.html' title='Line Follower (2)'/><author><name>Belajar elektronika</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/16879703818450192164</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3794031284200779805.post-288153224702744683</id><published>2011-02-05T19:14:00.001-08:00</published><updated>2011-02-09T17:01:08.931-08:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="line follower"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="robot"/><title type='text'>Line Follower (1)</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; font: normal normal normal 13px/19px Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, Times, serif; line-height: 1.7; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; max-width: 500px; padding-bottom: 0.6em; padding-left: 0.6em; padding-right: 0.6em; padding-top: 0.6em;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.7; margin-bottom: 1.7em;&quot;&gt;Perkenalan Mula&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.7; margin-bottom: 1.7em;&quot;&gt;Dalam bagian pertama ini saya hanya ingin memperkenalkan sekilas tentang robot pengikut garis atau kerennya dinamakan line follower robot (bagi yang belum tahu dan ingin tahu saja). Robot pengikut garis merupakan aplikasi mendasar robot yang paling sederhana. Meskipun sederhana, robot jenis ini dapat dikreasikan dengan kontrol PID (proporsional Integral Diferessial) dan sejenisnya. Dengan kata lain, meskipun disebut sederhana mempelajari robot pengikut garis akan mendatangkan banyak manfaat (sebagai dasar pengetahuan aplikasi robotika).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.7; margin-bottom: 1.7em;&quot;&gt;Seperti namanya, robot pengikut garis adalah sebuah robot yang dibuat untuk mengikuti suatu lintasan tertentu. Dalam perlombaan biasanya lintasan itu berupa garis hitam di atas area lapangan lantai putih, atau sebaliknya, garis putih di atas area lapangan lantai hitam. Adapun dalam dunia industri, prinsip kerja robot pengikut garis digunakan oleh robot pengangkut barang dari satu tempat ke tempat lain yang melalui suatu lintasan yang tetap.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.7; margin-bottom: 1.7em;&quot;&gt;Prinsip kerja sebuah robot pengikut garis pada dasarnya adalah pembacaan sensor terhadap lintasan yang akan diolah untuk menggerakkan motor. Sensor yang banyak digunakan berupa sensor cahaya. Perbedaan warna lintasan dengan area lapangan akan menyebabkan perbedaan pantulan cahaya yang akan dibaca oleh sensor. Sensor kemudian mengirimkan hasil pembacaan untuk diolah sehingga menghasilkan keluaran yang akan mengatur gerak efektornya. Misalnya sebuah pengikut garis yang berupa kendaraan beroda, maka pembacaan sensor selanjutnya akan memengaruhi putaran motor. Motor tersebut nanti akan memutar roda. Dengan kata lain, pembacaan sensor akan mengatur putaran roda.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.7; margin-bottom: 1.7em;&quot;&gt;Robot pengikut garis menurut jenis rangkaiannya, secara umum dapat terbagi menjadi dua: analog dan digital. Jenis digital disini jika pengolahan sinyalnya sudah menggunakan mikrokontroler/ mikrokomputer. Sedangkan robot jenis analog biasanya hanya menggunakan transistor dan atau OP amp dan atau L293D sejenisnya sebagai driver motornya.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.7; margin-bottom: 1.7em;&quot;&gt;Pada bagian selanjutnya insya Alloh saya akan menguraikan per bagian robot pengikut garis sesuai dengan robot yang sedang dalam pengerjaan.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://belajar-elka.blogspot.com/feeds/288153224702744683/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://belajar-elka.blogspot.com/2011/02/line-follower-1.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3794031284200779805/posts/default/288153224702744683'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3794031284200779805/posts/default/288153224702744683'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://belajar-elka.blogspot.com/2011/02/line-follower-1.html' title='Line Follower (1)'/><author><name>Belajar elektronika</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/16879703818450192164</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3794031284200779805.post-1221889631426564886</id><published>2011-02-05T19:12:00.001-08:00</published><updated>2011-02-09T17:00:46.943-08:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="lego"/><title type='text'>Mengenal Komponen LEGO 2</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; font: normal normal normal 13px/19px Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, Times, serif; line-height: 1.7; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; max-width: 500px; padding-bottom: 0.6em; padding-left: 0.6em; padding-right: 0.6em; padding-top: 0.6em;&quot;&gt;&lt;div _mce_style=&quot;text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;&quot; style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 1.7em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;Sensor and sensing&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div _mce_style=&quot;text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;&quot; style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 1.7em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;Sensor-sensor yang didesain untuk Lego Mindstorm RIS dapatberfungsi dengan baik layaknya sensor-sensor lain. Para insinyur Lego telah bekerja dengan baik sehingga menghasilkan akurasi pada pemakaian sensor tersebut.Tentunya sebagian akan mengatakan bahwa masalah sensor biasanya berkaitan dengan interprestasi data yang diberikan oleh sensor.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div _mce_style=&quot;text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;&quot; style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 1.7em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;Pensensoran adalah segala hal yang berkaitan dengan pengukuran fisik yang biasanya dalam bentuk sinyal dan menginterprestasikan pengukuran untuk mendapat kesimpulan dalam bentuk fisik yang lain. Ada dua hal yang biasa ditemui pada pensensoran, yaitu noise dan ambiguitas. Noise adalah sinyal yang menyamarkan sinyal yang akan diamati, sedangkan ambiguitas adalah sebuah sinyal yang dapat diinterprestasikan lebih dari satu.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.7; margin-bottom: 1.7em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span _mce_style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;&quot; style=&quot;color: inherit; font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.7;&quot;&gt;Lego brick memiliki keterbatasan karena kita tidak dapat menggunakan lebih dari tiga sensor dala suatu waktu dan bahasa pemrograman&lt;span style=&quot;color: inherit; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; line-height: 1.7;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;memiliki akses terbatas dengan CPU internal. Namun, karena LEGo Mindstorm begitu popular ada banyak aktivitas yang mengembangkan system Lego. Ada banyak website yang memberi informasi detail bagaimana sensor lego bekerja dan bagaimana membuat sensor sendiri. Banyak alternative firmware dan bahasa tingkat tingkat tinggi yang memberi kebebasan berkreasi dari keterbatasan stok kontroler Lego RCX&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div _mce_style=&quot;text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;&quot; style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 1.7em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;Sensor-sensor lego merupakan peralatan terhubung dua kabel yang sangat cerdas dan tidak polar. KOnektor lego berupa blok 2x2 dengan plat-plat penghubung pada sisi lain.Plat-plat tersebut terhubung sehingga memungkinkan menghubungkan dengan empat orientasi agar rangkaian bekerja.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div _mce_style=&quot;text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;&quot; style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 1.7em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; line-height: 1.7;&quot; /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div _mce_style=&quot;text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;&quot; style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 1.7em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;Konektor LEGO&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div _mce_style=&quot;text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;&quot; style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 1.7em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;Ada tiga jenis konektor, yaitu :&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div _mce_style=&quot;text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 1.7em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span _mce_style=&quot;font-family: Symbol;&quot; style=&quot;color: inherit; font-family: Symbol; line-height: 1.7;&quot;&gt;·&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: inherit; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; line-height: 1.7;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;1 x 256mm&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div _mce_style=&quot;text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 1.7em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span _mce_style=&quot;font-family: Symbol;&quot; style=&quot;color: inherit; font-family: Symbol; line-height: 1.7;&quot;&gt;·&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: inherit; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; line-height: 1.7;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;1 x 520mm&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div _mce_style=&quot;text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 1.7em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span _mce_style=&quot;font-family: Symbol;&quot; style=&quot;color: inherit; font-family: Symbol; line-height: 1.7;&quot;&gt;·&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: inherit; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; line-height: 1.7;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;1 x 1280mm&lt;b style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; line-height: 1.7;&quot;&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;h2 style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, sans-serif; font-size: 28px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1.7;&quot;&gt;&lt;span _mce_style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;&quot; style=&quot;color: inherit; font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;Lego Touch Sensor&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;h3 style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, sans-serif; font-size: 1.17em; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: 0.025em; line-height: 1.7; text-transform: uppercase;&quot;&gt;&lt;span _mce_style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-weight: normal;&quot; style=&quot;color: inherit; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;SENSOR SENTUH BERUPA SENSOR PASIF YANG MEMILIKI SEBUAH SAKLAR NORMALLY OPEN YANG DISUPLAI OLEH KONEKTOR.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div _mce_style=&quot;text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 1.7em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;Sensor sentuh akan mendeteksi sentuhan dengan objek lain.Sensor sentuh ini akan memberi informasi ke RCX apakah tombol tertekan atau tidak.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div _mce_style=&quot;text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 1.7em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;Sensor ini bekerja seperti saklar lampu di rumah. Ketika tombol tertekan maka rangkaian terhubung, sehingga akan arus listrik dapat mengalir.Sebaliknya, ketika tombol terlepas, maka rangkaian akan kembali terbuka dan tidak ada arus listrik yang mengalir.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.7; margin-bottom: 1.7em;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; line-height: 1.7;&quot;&gt;&lt;span _mce_style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;&quot; style=&quot;color: inherit; font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.7;&quot;&gt;Lego Light Sensor&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.7; margin-bottom: 1.7em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span _mce_style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial;&quot; style=&quot;color: inherit; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1.7;&quot;&gt;Sensor cahaya pada Lego memiliki keluaran yang merupakan kebalikan dari level cahaya. Meskipun demikian, keluarannya dibatasi oleh rentang arusnya. Keluaran yang dihasilkan diterjemahkan oleh sebuah ADC 5 volt pada level 600-900 (dari terang ke gelap).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div _mce_style=&quot;text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;&quot; style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 1.7em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span _mce_style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial;&quot; style=&quot;color: inherit; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 19px;&quot;&gt;Pengkodean akan memodifikasi nilai pengukuran pada level 1-255. Jika sebuah saklar terhubung dengan sensor, software dapat memberi informasi bahwa itu adalah sebuah saklar dan mengembalikan nilai 0 jika saklar dalam kondisi terhubung (close).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div _mce_style=&quot;text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;&quot; style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 1.7em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;Sensor cahaya Lego juga dapat digunakan tanpa sumber cahaya eksternal karena memiliki sebuah LED yang dapat berfungsi sebagai sumber cahaya. Dengan menggunakan sumber cahaya sendiri, cahaya LED yang dipantulkan ke lantai dapat digunakan untuk membedakan warna lantai yang didesain untuk kompetisi robot.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.7; margin-bottom: 1.7em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span _mce_style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;&quot; style=&quot;color: inherit; font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.7;&quot;&gt;Untuk memahami bagaimana sensor cahaya bekerja maka berkaitan dengan macam-macam cahaya berdasar panjang gelombangnya dan bagaimana masing-masing ditransmisikan,diserap, dipantulkan, dan dikonversikan ke dalam bentuk energi lain.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div _mce_style=&quot;text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;&quot; style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 1.7em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;Phototransistor pada snsor ini memiliki sensitivitas puncak pada panjang gelombang 800nm, yang berarti sensitivitas puncak pada spectrum infrared, seperti ditunjukkan grafik sensitivitas berikut sebagai fungsi dari panjang gelombang yang terukur dalam nanometer.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div _mce_style=&quot;text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;&quot; style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 1.7em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;Phototransistor pada sensor cahaya yang dimiliki lego dilapisi lensa/ plastic vinyl sehingga akan memberikan sudut pantul yang lebar. Maka jika ingin digunakan sebagai pencari cahaya secara langsung diperlukan sebuah susunan lego brick untuk membatasi sudut jatuhnya cahaya pada sensor. Hal ini sangat penting ketika akan menggunakannya untuk mengarahkan robot menuju sumber cahaya.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://belajar-elka.blogspot.com/feeds/1221889631426564886/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://belajar-elka.blogspot.com/2011/02/mengenal-komponen-lego-2.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3794031284200779805/posts/default/1221889631426564886'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3794031284200779805/posts/default/1221889631426564886'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://belajar-elka.blogspot.com/2011/02/mengenal-komponen-lego-2.html' title='Mengenal Komponen LEGO 2'/><author><name>Belajar elektronika</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/16879703818450192164</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3794031284200779805.post-231568079832591062</id><published>2011-02-05T19:11:00.001-08:00</published><updated>2011-02-09T17:00:27.453-08:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="lego"/><title type='text'>Mengenal komponen LEGO1</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; font: normal normal normal 13px/19px Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, Times, serif; line-height: 1.7; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; max-width: 500px; padding-bottom: 0.6em; padding-left: 0.6em; padding-right: 0.6em; padding-top: 0.6em;&quot;&gt;&lt;h3 style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, sans-serif; font-size: 1.17em; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: 0.025em; line-height: 1.7; text-transform: uppercase;&quot;&gt;RCX BRICK-MIKROKOMPUTER&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.7; margin-bottom: 1.7em;&quot;&gt;RCX merupakan mikrokomputer dari LEGO® yang memiliki fasilitas sebagai berikut:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.7; margin-bottom: 1.7em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span _mce_style=&quot;font-family: Symbol;&quot; style=&quot;color: inherit; font-family: Symbol; line-height: 1.7;&quot;&gt;·&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: inherit; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; line-height: 1.7;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;3 port masukan digital analog&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.7; margin-bottom: 1.7em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span _mce_style=&quot;font-family: Symbol;&quot; style=&quot;color: inherit; font-family: Symbol; line-height: 1.7;&quot;&gt;·&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: inherit; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; line-height: 1.7;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;color: inherit; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; line-height: 1.7;&quot;&gt;port keluaran&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.7; margin-bottom: 1.7em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span _mce_style=&quot;font-family: Symbol;&quot; style=&quot;color: inherit; font-family: Symbol; line-height: 1.7;&quot;&gt;·&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;LCD&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.7; margin-bottom: 1.7em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span _mce_style=&quot;font-family: Symbol;&quot; style=&quot;color: inherit; font-family: Symbol; line-height: 1.7;&quot;&gt;·&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;soket adaptor sumber tegangan 9-12V&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.7; margin-bottom: 1.7em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span _mce_style=&quot;font-family: Symbol;&quot; style=&quot;color: inherit; font-family: Symbol; line-height: 1.7;&quot;&gt;·&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;port Infrared (&lt;i style=&quot;border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; font-style: italic; line-height: 1.7;&quot;&gt;download/upload&lt;/i&gt;)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.7; margin-bottom: 1.7em;&quot;&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; line-height: 1.7;&quot; /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.7; margin-bottom: 1.7em;&quot;&gt;Mikrokomputer RCX tersebut menggunakan mikrokontroler&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;color: inherit; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; line-height: 1.7;&quot;&gt;Hitachi H8/329* (part#HD6433292) , yang terdiri dari :&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.7; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 1.7em; margin-left: 2.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; line-height: 1.7;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: inherit; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; line-height: 1.7;&quot;&gt;H8/300 CPU core (&lt;i style=&quot;border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; font-style: italic; line-height: 1.7;&quot;&gt;16x8 (or8x16) general registers, 57 base instructions, 8 addressing modes&lt;/i&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; line-height: 1.7;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: inherit; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; line-height: 1.7;&quot;&gt;ROM16K, RAM 512 byte&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; line-height: 1.7;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: inherit; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; line-height: 1.7;&quot;&gt;16MHz @ 5V&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; line-height: 1.7;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: inherit; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; line-height: 1.7;&quot;&gt;Dua buah timer 8 bit, sebuah timer16 bit&lt;span style=&quot;color: inherit; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; line-height: 1.7;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; line-height: 1.7;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: inherit; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; line-height: 1.7;&quot;&gt;Delapan pengubah A/D 10 bit&lt;span style=&quot;color: inherit; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; line-height: 1.7;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; line-height: 1.7;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: inherit; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; line-height: 1.7;&quot;&gt;43 I/O , 8 input&lt;span style=&quot;color: inherit; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; line-height: 1.7;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; line-height: 1.7;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: inherit; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; line-height: 1.7;&quot;&gt;Port serial&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.7; margin-bottom: 1.7em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: inherit; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; line-height: 1.7;&quot;&gt;Adapun firmware (gambar 3) lego mendukung:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.7; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 1.7em; margin-left: 2.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; line-height: 1.7;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: inherit; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; line-height: 1.7;&quot;&gt;5 slot program, masing-masing dapat menangani 10&lt;i style=&quot;border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; font-style: italic; line-height: 1.7;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;task/ threads&lt;/i&gt;&amp;nbsp;dan mendukung 8 subrutin&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; line-height: 1.7;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: inherit; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; line-height: 1.7;&quot;&gt;32 variabel global&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; line-height: 1.7;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: inherit; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; line-height: 1.7;&quot;&gt;16 variabel lokal pada tiap-tiap&amp;nbsp;&lt;i style=&quot;border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; font-style: italic; line-height: 1.7;&quot;&gt;task&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; line-height: 1.7;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: inherit; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; line-height: 1.7;&quot;&gt;4 buah timer yang memiliki presisi 100ms dan 4 buah timer dengan presisi pada 10ms&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; line-height: 1.7;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: inherit; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; line-height: 1.7;&quot;&gt;3 port masukan (&lt;i style=&quot;border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; font-style: italic; line-height: 1.7;&quot;&gt;configurable for each sensor type (active or passive)&lt;/i&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; line-height: 1.7;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: inherit; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; line-height: 1.7;&quot;&gt;3 port keluaran&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; line-height: 1.7;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: inherit; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; line-height: 1.7;&quot;&gt;1 keluaran suara&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; line-height: 1.7;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: inherit; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; line-height: 1.7;&quot;&gt;1 unit LCD&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;div _mce_style=&quot;margin-left: .25in;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.7; margin-bottom: 1.7em; margin-left: 0.25in;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: inherit; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; line-height: 1.7;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div _mce_style=&quot;margin-left: .25in;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.7; margin-bottom: 1.7em; margin-left: 0.25in;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: inherit; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; line-height: 1.7;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div _mce_style=&quot;margin-left: .25in;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.7; margin-bottom: 1.7em; margin-left: 0.25in;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: inherit; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; line-height: 1.7;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.7; margin-bottom: 1.7em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: inherit; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; line-height: 1.7;&quot;&gt;Beberapa alternative untuk firmware yang sifatnya open source, yaitu :&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.7; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 1.7em; margin-left: 2.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; line-height: 1.7;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: inherit; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; line-height: 1.7;&quot;&gt;&lt;a _mce_href=&quot;http://legos.sourceforge.net/&quot; href=&quot;http://legos.sourceforge.net/&quot; style=&quot;color: #0060ff; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; line-height: 1.7;&quot;&gt;LegOS&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;– merupakan satu set library C yang mengimplementasikan fungsi-fungsi untuk&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;color: inherit; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; line-height: 1.7;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;menggerakkan perangkat keras. LEGO memungkinkan para pengguna untuk menulis programnya sendiri dalam bahasa C dan meng-&lt;i style=&quot;border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; font-style: italic; line-height: 1.7;&quot;&gt;compile&lt;/i&gt;untuk dijalankan secara langsung pada brick tanpa memerlukan firmware lain.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; line-height: 1.7;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: inherit; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; line-height: 1.7;&quot;&gt;&lt;a _mce_href=&quot;http://graphics.stanford.edu/%7Ekekoa/rcx/tools.html&quot; href=&quot;http://graphics.stanford.edu/~kekoa/rcx/tools.html&quot; style=&quot;color: #0060ff; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; line-height: 1.7;&quot;&gt;librcx&lt;/a&gt;, satu set minimalis yang dalam bahasa C untuk menggerakkan RCX&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; line-height: 1.7;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: inherit; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; line-height: 1.7;&quot;&gt;&lt;a _mce_href=&quot;http://www.hempeldesigngroup.com/lego/pbFORTH/&quot; href=&quot;http://www.hempeldesigngroup.com/lego/pbFORTH/&quot; style=&quot;color: #0060ff; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; line-height: 1.7;&quot;&gt;PbForth&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;– firmware yang memungkinkan para pengguna untuk menuliskan program Forth yang akan dijalankan pada RCX&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; line-height: 1.7;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: inherit; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; line-height: 1.7;&quot;&gt;&lt;a _mce_href=&quot;http://lejos.sourceforge.net/&quot; href=&quot;http://lejos.sourceforge.net/&quot; style=&quot;color: #0060ff; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; line-height: 1.7;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: inherit; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; line-height: 1.7;&quot;&gt;leJOS&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: inherit; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; line-height: 1.7;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;-&amp;nbsp;&lt;i style=&quot;border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; font-style: italic; line-height: 1.7;&quot;&gt;Java virtual machine&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.7; margin-bottom: 1.7em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: inherit; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; line-height: 1.7;&quot;&gt;Sayangnya, RCX tidak memanfaatkan seluruh fungsi I/O melainkan hanya 3 masukan dan 3 keluaran, juga terdapat sebuah keluaran suara dan sebuah unit LCD kecil.Akan tetapi RCX menyediakan tambahan RAM 32K.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.7; margin-bottom: 1.7em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: inherit; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; line-height: 1.7;&quot;&gt;Pada saat awal dinyalakan, RCX memasuki mode boot, yang mendukung download firmware dari PC ke RCX melalui tower IR.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: inherit; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; line-height: 1.7;&quot;&gt;Firmware mengimplementasikan byte code interpreter di mana program dapat berjalan di atasnya.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.7; margin-bottom: 1.7em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: inherit; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; line-height: 1.7;&quot;&gt;ActiveX control (ocx) dapat digunakan untuk menyusun program yang dapat berjalan di atas firmware lego.Instruksi-instruksi dapat di-&lt;i style=&quot;border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; font-style: italic; line-height: 1.7;&quot;&gt;download&lt;/i&gt;&amp;nbsp;dari PC dan dieksekusi baik secara langsung atau disimpan pada salah satu dari 5 tempat yang disediakan untuk dieksekusi lain waktu.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: inherit; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; line-height: 1.7;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div _mce_style=&quot;margin-left: .25in;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.7; margin-bottom: 1.7em; margin-left: 0.25in;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: inherit; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; line-height: 1.7;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://belajar-elka.blogspot.com/feeds/231568079832591062/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://belajar-elka.blogspot.com/2011/02/mengenal-komponen-lego1.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3794031284200779805/posts/default/231568079832591062'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3794031284200779805/posts/default/231568079832591062'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://belajar-elka.blogspot.com/2011/02/mengenal-komponen-lego1.html' title='Mengenal komponen LEGO1'/><author><name>Belajar elektronika</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/16879703818450192164</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3794031284200779805.post-8927388158696419562</id><published>2011-02-05T19:10:00.001-08:00</published><updated>2011-02-09T17:00:05.318-08:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="555"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="analog"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="digital"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Elektronika"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="hibrid"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="timer"/><title type='text'>Mengenal Timer 555</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; font: normal normal normal 13px/19px Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, Times, serif; line-height: 1.7; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; max-width: 500px; padding-bottom: 0.6em; padding-left: 0.6em; padding-right: 0.6em; padding-top: 0.6em;&quot;&gt;&lt;div _mce_style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 200%;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 1.7em; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;&quot;&gt;Apa itu timer 555?&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div _mce_style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 200%;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 1.7em; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;&quot;&gt;&lt;span _mce_style=&quot;font-family: Raavi;&quot; style=&quot;color: inherit; font-family: Raavi; line-height: 1.7;&quot;&gt;Timer 555 merupakan sebuah IC timer yang bekerja berdasar rangkaian RC dan komparator yang dirangkai dengan komponen digital (R-Sflip-flop). 555 yang pertama diproduksi oleh Signetics yaitu tipe SE-555 yang bekerja pada -55&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: inherit; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; line-height: 1.7;&quot;&gt;°C&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span _mce_style=&quot;font-family: Raavi;&quot; style=&quot;color: inherit; font-family: Raavi; line-height: 1.7;&quot;&gt;s.d. 125&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: inherit; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; line-height: 1.7;&quot;&gt;°&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span _mce_style=&quot;font-family: Raavi;&quot; style=&quot;color: inherit; font-family: Raavi; line-height: 1.7;&quot;&gt;C dan NE-555 yang bekerja pada 0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: inherit; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; line-height: 1.7;&quot;&gt;°C&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span _mce_style=&quot;font-family: Raavi;&quot; style=&quot;color: inherit; font-family: Raavi; line-height: 1.7;&quot;&gt;-70&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: inherit; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; line-height: 1.7;&quot;&gt;°&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span _mce_style=&quot;font-family: Raavi;&quot; style=&quot;color: inherit; font-family: Raavi; line-height: 1.7;&quot;&gt;C. Kemudian 555 diproduksi dengan desain yang berbeda meliputi LM555, 556(versi dual), dan LMC-555(versi CMOS).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div _mce_style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 200%;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 1.7em; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;&quot;&gt;&lt;span _mce_style=&quot;font-family: Raavi;&quot; style=&quot;color: inherit; font-family: Raavi; line-height: 1.7;&quot;&gt;Timer 555 beroperasi pada power supply dc +5v s.d. +18V dengan stabilitas temperatur 50ppm/&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: inherit; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; line-height: 1.7;&quot;&gt;°&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span _mce_style=&quot;font-family: Raavi;&quot; style=&quot;color: inherit; font-family: Raavi; line-height: 1.7;&quot;&gt;C(0,005%/&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: inherit; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; line-height: 1.7;&quot;&gt;°&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span _mce_style=&quot;font-family: Raavi;&quot; style=&quot;color: inherit; font-family: Raavi; line-height: 1.7;&quot;&gt;C). Output 555 dapat berupa arus sink/source hingga 200mA. IC 555 kompatibel dengan komponen-komponen TTL, CMOS, op-amp, transistor dan jenis IC linear lain.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.7; margin-bottom: 1.7em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span _mce_style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; font-family: Raavi;&quot; style=&quot;color: inherit; font-family: Raavi; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.7;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Timer 555 dapat beroperasi baik sebagai monostabil maupun astabil&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div _mce_style=&quot;text-align: justify; line-height: 200%;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 1.7em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span _mce_style=&quot;font-family: Raavi;&quot; style=&quot;color: inherit; font-family: Raavi; line-height: 1.7;&quot;&gt;Keluaran gelombang kotak yang dihasilkan dapat memiliki variasi duty cycle mulai dari 50 – 99.9% dan frekuensi kurang dari 0,1Hz sampai dengan lebih dari 100KHz.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div _mce_style=&quot;text-align: justify; line-height: 200%;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 1.7em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span _mce_style=&quot;font-family: Raavi;&quot; style=&quot;color: inherit; font-family: Raavi; line-height: 1.7;&quot;&gt;Operasi monostabil (gambar 2) membutuhkan masukan pulsa trigger pada pin2 dari IC 555. Masukan trigger berupa drop level tegangan lebih dari+2/3Vcc menuju tegangan kurang dari +Vcc/ 3.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div _mce_style=&quot;text-align: justify; line-height: 200%;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 1.7em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;Pin-Pin 555&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div _mce_style=&quot;text-align: justify; line-height: 200%;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 1.7em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; line-height: 1.7;&quot; /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div _mce_style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 200%;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 1.7em; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;&quot;&gt;&lt;span _mce_style=&quot;font-family: Raavi;&quot; style=&quot;color: inherit; font-family: Raavi; line-height: 1.7;&quot;&gt;Ada dua tipe kemasan timer 555 (ditunjukkan pada gambar 1c). Kemasan bulat disebut kemasan T. Adapun tipe lainnya berupa 8-pin DIP yang sering disebut kemasan &#39;v&#39; merupakan yang paling banyak digunakan sebagai standar (tipeSE/NE). Timer 555 juga terdapat dalam versi dual dan versi quad. Timer 556 sebagai versi dual 555 dan timer 558 sebagai versi quadnya hadir dalam kemasan 14-pin DIP.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div _mce_style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 200%;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 1.7em; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;&quot;&gt;&lt;span _mce_style=&quot;font-family: Raavi;&quot; style=&quot;color: inherit; font-family: Raavi; line-height: 1.7;&quot;&gt;Rangkaian 555 terdiri atas dua buah komparator tegangan (COMP1 dan COMP2), sebuah flip-flop kontrol R-S(reset/set) yang dapat direset dari luar melalui pin 4, sebuah penguat pembalik output (A1), dan sebuah transistor&lt;i style=&quot;border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; font-style: italic; line-height: 1.7;&quot;&gt;discharge&lt;/i&gt;&amp;nbsp;(Q1). Level bias kedua kompartor ditentukan oleh resistor-resistor pembagi tegangan (Ra, Rb, dan Rc) yang terdapat antara Vcc dan ground. Input inverting komparator1 diberi masukan 2/3Vcc dan input noninverting dari komparator2 diberi masukan 1/3Vcc.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div _mce_style=&quot;text-align: justify; line-height: 200%;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 1.7em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span _mce_style=&quot;font-family: Raavi;&quot; style=&quot;color: inherit; font-family: Raavi; line-height: 1.7;&quot;&gt;Berikut adalah fungsi dari masing-masing pin :&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div _mce_style=&quot;text-align: justify; line-height: 200%;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 1.7em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; line-height: 1.7;&quot; /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div _mce_style=&quot;text-align: justify; line-height: 200%;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 1.7em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; font-style: italic; line-height: 1.7;&quot;&gt;&lt;span _mce_style=&quot;font-family: Papyrus;&quot; style=&quot;color: inherit; font-family: Papyrus; line-height: 1.7;&quot;&gt;Ground (pin1)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div _mce_style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 200%;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 1.7em; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;&quot;&gt;&lt;span _mce_style=&quot;font-family: Raavi;&quot; style=&quot;color: inherit; font-family: Raavi; line-height: 1.7;&quot;&gt;Pin ini merupakan titik referensi untuk seluruh sinyal dan tegangan pada rangkaian 555, baik rangkaian intenal maupun rangkaian eksternalnya.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div _mce_style=&quot;text-align: justify; line-height: 200%;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 1.7em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; font-style: italic; line-height: 1.7;&quot;&gt;&lt;span _mce_style=&quot;font-family: Papyrus;&quot; style=&quot;color: inherit; font-family: Papyrus; line-height: 1.7;&quot;&gt;Trigger (pin2)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div _mce_style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 200%;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 1.7em; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;&quot;&gt;&lt;span _mce_style=&quot;font-family: Raavi;&quot; style=&quot;color: inherit; font-family: Raavi; line-height: 1.7;&quot;&gt;Masukan trigger biasanya dijaga pada tegangan lebih dari 1/3Vcc agar output pin3 dari IC555 ’low’. Jika masukan trigger menjadi ’low’ (&amp;lt;1/3Vcc) mengakibatkan output pin3 menjadi ’high’. Otput pin3 akan bertahan ‘high’ selama masukan triggernya ‘low’, tetapi tidak serta merta menjadi ‘low’ ketika pin2 kembali ‘high’.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div _mce_style=&quot;text-align: justify; line-height: 200%;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 1.7em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; font-style: italic; line-height: 1.7;&quot;&gt;&lt;span _mce_style=&quot;font-family: Papyrus;&quot; style=&quot;color: inherit; font-family: Papyrus; line-height: 1.7;&quot;&gt;Output (pin3)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div _mce_style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 200%;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 1.7em; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;&quot;&gt;&lt;span _mce_style=&quot;font-family: Raavi;&quot; style=&quot;color: inherit; font-family: Raavi; line-height: 1.7;&quot;&gt;Output pada 555 dapat mengalir arus baik sinking(masuk) maupun sourcing(keluar) hingga 200mA. Tidak seperti IC lain yang biasanya hanya dapat mengalirkan arus source (keluar) yang sangat kecil.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div _mce_style=&quot;text-align: justify; line-height: 200%;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 1.7em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span _mce_style=&quot;font-family: Raavi;&quot; style=&quot;color: inherit; font-family: Raavi; line-height: 1.7;&quot;&gt;berikut menjelaskan arus sinking maupun source.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div _mce_style=&quot;margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in; line-height: 200%;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 1.7em; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;&quot;&gt;&lt;span _mce_style=&quot;font-family: Raavi;&quot; style=&quot;color: inherit; font-family: Raavi; line-height: 1.7;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: inherit; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; line-height: 1.7;&quot;&gt;a)&lt;span _mce_style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;&quot; style=&quot;color: inherit; font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span _mce_style=&quot;font-family: Raavi;&quot; style=&quot;color: inherit; font-family: Raavi; line-height: 1.7;&quot;&gt;Arus masuk (”sinking current”)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div _mce_style=&quot;margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; line-height: 200%;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 1.7em; margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span _mce_style=&quot;font-family: Raavi;&quot; style=&quot;color: inherit; font-family: Raavi; line-height: 1.7;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: inherit; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; line-height: 1.7;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;Sebuah beban luar (Rl) dihubungkan antara output 555 dan Vcc.Maka, arus hanya akan mengalir melalui beban tersebut jika output 555 dalam keadaan ‘low’. Pada saat tersebut Rl dgroundkan melalui pin1 sehingga mengalir arus Rs1 dari pin3 ke pin1(ground).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div _mce_style=&quot;margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in; line-height: 200%;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 1.7em; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;&quot;&gt;&lt;span _mce_style=&quot;font-family: Raavi;&quot; style=&quot;color: inherit; font-family: Raavi; line-height: 1.7;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: inherit; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; line-height: 1.7;&quot;&gt;b)&lt;span _mce_style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;&quot; style=&quot;color: inherit; font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span _mce_style=&quot;font-family: Raavi;&quot; style=&quot;color: inherit; font-family: Raavi; line-height: 1.7;&quot;&gt;Arus keluar (”source current”)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div _mce_style=&quot;margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; line-height: 200%;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 1.7em; margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span _mce_style=&quot;font-family: Raavi;&quot; style=&quot;color: inherit; font-family: Raavi; line-height: 1.7;&quot;&gt;RL dihubungkan antara pin3 dan ground, maka ketika output pin3 ’high’ maka Rl terhubung dengan Vcc melalui Rs2 dan pin8.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div _mce_style=&quot;text-align: justify; line-height: 200%;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 1.7em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; font-style: italic; line-height: 1.7;&quot;&gt;&lt;span _mce_style=&quot;font-family: Papyrus;&quot; style=&quot;color: inherit; font-family: Papyrus; line-height: 1.7;&quot;&gt;Reset (pin4)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div _mce_style=&quot;text-align: justify; line-height: 200%;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 1.7em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span _mce_style=&quot;font-family: Raavi;&quot; style=&quot;color: inherit; font-family: Raavi; line-height: 1.7;&quot;&gt;Pin reset ini terhubung dengan input preset dari R-S flip-flop kontrol. Jika pin4 diberi masukan ’low’ output dari 555 akan serta merta menjadi ’low’. Biasanya, jika tidak digunakan pin4 dihubungkan ke Vcc untuk menjaga agar tidak terjadi keadaan ’low’.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div _mce_style=&quot;text-align: justify; line-height: 200%;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 1.7em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; font-style: italic; line-height: 1.7;&quot;&gt;&lt;span _mce_style=&quot;font-family: Papyrus;&quot; style=&quot;color: inherit; font-family: Papyrus; line-height: 1.7;&quot;&gt;Control Voltage (pin5)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div _mce_style=&quot;text-align: justify; line-height: 200%;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 1.7em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span _mce_style=&quot;font-family: Raavi;&quot; style=&quot;color: inherit; font-family: Raavi; line-height: 1.7;&quot;&gt;Biasanya diberi 2/3Vcc (hasil dari pembagi tegangan). Dengan memberi sumber tegangan eksternal atau dengan menghubungkan sebuah resistor ke ground akan mengubah duty cycle outputnya. Jika pin5 tidak digunakan harus dihubungkan dengan decoupling kapasitor 0,01-0,1mikroFarad.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div _mce_style=&quot;text-align: justify; line-height: 200%;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 1.7em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; font-style: italic; line-height: 1.7;&quot;&gt;&lt;span _mce_style=&quot;font-family: Papyrus;&quot; style=&quot;color: inherit; font-family: Papyrus; line-height: 1.7;&quot;&gt;TreshHold (pin6)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div _mce_style=&quot;text-align: justify; line-height: 200%;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 1.7em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span _mce_style=&quot;font-family: Raavi;&quot; style=&quot;color: inherit; font-family: Raavi; line-height: 1.7;&quot;&gt;Pin ini terhubung pada input noninverting komparator1 untuk memonitor tegangan kapasitor pada rangkaian RC eksternal.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span _mce_style=&quot;font-family: Raavi;&quot; style=&quot;color: inherit; font-family: Raavi; line-height: 1.7;&quot;&gt;Apabila tegangan pin6 &amp;lt;2/3Vcc, output komparator1 akan ’low’, output flip-flop ’low’(Q-), output pin3 ‘high’. Sebaliknya jika &amp;gt;2/3Vcc output komparator1 akan ‘high’, output Flip-flopnya ‘high’, dan pin3 ‘low’.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div _mce_style=&quot;text-align: justify; line-height: 200%;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 1.7em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; font-style: italic; line-height: 1.7;&quot;&gt;&lt;span _mce_style=&quot;font-family: Papyrus;&quot; style=&quot;color: inherit; font-family: Papyrus; line-height: 1.7;&quot;&gt;Discharge (pin7)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div _mce_style=&quot;text-align: justify; line-height: 200%;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 1.7em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span _mce_style=&quot;font-family: Raavi;&quot; style=&quot;color: inherit; font-family: Raavi; line-height: 1.7;&quot;&gt;Pin ini terhubung ke kaki kolektor transistor NPN Q1 dan kaki emiter Q1 terhubung ke groud, basis Q1 terhubung dengan Qnot R-S flip-flop. Ketika output 555 ‘high’ maka Qnot ‘low’ menyebabkan resistansi CE sangat besar sehingga Q1 ‘off’. Ketika Qnot’high’ CE resistensinya sangat kecil menyebabkan CE grounded sehingga Q1 ‘on’. Dengan kata lain, pin7 grounded (arus mengalir dari pin7 lewat CE ke pin1)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div _mce_style=&quot;text-align: justify; line-height: 200%;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 1.7em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; font-style: italic; line-height: 1.7;&quot;&gt;&lt;span _mce_style=&quot;font-family: Papyrus;&quot; style=&quot;color: inherit; font-family: Papyrus; line-height: 1.7;&quot;&gt;Vcc(pin8)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div _mce_style=&quot;text-align: justify; line-height: 200%;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 1.7em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span _mce_style=&quot;font-family: Raavi;&quot; style=&quot;color: inherit; font-family: Raavi; line-height: 1.7;&quot;&gt;Vcc (sumber tegangan dc) dihubungkan antara pin8 dengan pin1 (ground).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.7; margin-bottom: 1.7em;&quot;&gt;Operasi Monostabil&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.7; margin-bottom: 1.7em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span _mce_style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; font-family: Raavi;&quot; style=&quot;color: inherit; font-family: Raavi; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.7;&quot;&gt;Monostable Multivibrator (MMV) juga disebut one shot, menghasilkan output sebuah pulsa dengan periode tertentu ketika dipicu dengan sebuah pulsa masukan. Output dari oneshot akan seketika menuju ‘high’ mengikuti pulsa pemicunya (trigger) dan akan tetap ‘high’ sesuai dengan periodenya. Ketika periodenya telah habis maka outputnya akan kembali ‘low’. Outpt oneshot akan tetap ‘low’ sampai ada trigger lainnya.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span _mce_style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; font-family: Raavi;&quot; style=&quot;color: inherit; font-family: Raavi; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.7;&quot;&gt;IC 555 dapat dioperasikan sebagai MMV dengan menambahkan rangkaian eksternal yang sesuai.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div _mce_style=&quot;text-align: justify; line-height: 200%;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 1.7em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span _mce_style=&quot;font-family: Raavi;&quot; style=&quot;color: inherit; font-family: Raavi; line-height: 1.7;&quot;&gt;Kedua komparator internal diberi tegangan prasikap dengan level tegangan tertentu oleh pembagi tegangan yang dirangkai seri (Ra,Rb,Rc). Input inverting komparator1 diberi tegangan hingga 2/3Vcc, dan input noninverting komparator2 diberi tegangan Vcc/3. Tegangan tersebutlah yang mengakibatkan beroperasinya 555 baik sebagai monostabil maupun astabil. Rangkaian timing eksternal (R1C1) dihubungkan antara Vcc dan input noninverting komparator1 melalui pin6. Pin7 juga dihubungkan dengan pin6 yang mengakibatkan terhubungnya transistor ke kapasitor C1. Ketika transistor ’on’, resistansi kapasitor sangat rendah sehingga terhubung (short) melalui hubungan CE transistor.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div _mce_style=&quot;text-align: justify; line-height: 200%;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 1.7em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div _mce_style=&quot;text-align: justify; line-height: 200%;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 1.7em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span _mce_style=&quot;font-family: Raavi;&quot; style=&quot;color: inherit; font-family: Raavi; line-height: 1.7;&quot;&gt;Ketika 555 dihubungkan dengan sumber tegangan, input inverting komparator1 akan mendapat tegangan sebesar 2/3Vcc dan input noninverting komparator2 akan mendapat tegangan sebesar Vcc/3. Hal tersebut menyebabkan R-S flip-flop dalam kondisi reset, sehingga output Qnot-nya ’high’. Oleh karena flip-flop terhubung pada output pin3 melalui sebuah penguat pembalik (A1) maka keluaran 555 ’low’. Pada kondisi tersebut kapasitor mengisi (charging).Qnot dalam kondisi ’high’ menyebabkan transistor Q1 jenuh yang berarti terhubung ke ground melalui kapasitor C1. Maka pada kondisi ini kapasitor melepas muatan (discharge) sehingga Vc=0.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div _mce_style=&quot;text-align: justify; line-height: 200%;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 1.7em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div _mce_style=&quot;text-align: justify; line-height: 200%;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 1.7em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span _mce_style=&quot;font-family: Raavi;&quot; style=&quot;color: inherit; font-family: Raavi; line-height: 1.7;&quot;&gt;Apabila pin2 dieri masukan trigger, pada saat pulsatrigger bergerak menuju tegangan kurang dari 1/3Vcc seperti yang terlihat pada gambar, maka input noninverting komparator2 lebih positif dari input invertingnya, sehingga output komparator2 akan ’high’. Pada saat itu, fip-flop dalam kondisi set, sehingga keluaran Qnot-nya ‘low’ dan keuaran 555 ‘high’. Karena output Qnot-nya low, berarti transistor dalam kondisi ’off’. Arus mengalir dari Vcc ke ground melalui kapasitor C1. Dengan kata lain, kapasitor kembali mengisi.(gambar). Tegangan kapasitor akan terus naik hingga mencapai 2/3Vcc, di mana pada saat Vc=2/3Vcc keluaran komparator1 menjadi ’high’ dan menyebabkan flip-flop reset dan keluaran 555 kembali ’low’. Keluaran 555 tersebut akan tetap bertahan sampai ada masukan trigger lainnya.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div _mce_style=&quot;text-align: justify; line-height: 200%;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 1.7em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span _mce_style=&quot;font-family: Raavi;&quot; style=&quot;color: inherit; font-family: Raavi; line-height: 1.7;&quot;&gt;Semua IC timer bergantung pada kapasitor eksternal untuk menentukan interval waktu off-on pulsa outputnya. Kapasitor akan memerlukan waktu tertentu untuk pengisian atau pelepasan muatan melalui resistor. Waktu tersebut dapat dijelaskan dan dihitung dari nilai resistan dan kapasitas yang diberikan. Persamaan periode pulsa untuk 555 tergantung pada waktu yang diperlukan oleh kapasitor pada saat mengisi hingga mencapai tegangan 2/3Vcc yang diberikan oleh konstanta waktu RC. Dengan demikian, jika tegangan kapasitor besarnya e&amp;nbsp;=&amp;nbsp;E(1&amp;nbsp;-&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span _mce_style=&quot;font-family: Raavi;&quot; style=&quot;color: inherit; font-family: Raavi; line-height: 1.7;&quot;&gt;&lt;img _mce_src=&quot;///C:/DOCUME%7E1/MYBABY%7E1/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image001.gif&quot; height=&quot;7&quot; src=&quot;http://c/DOCUME~1/MYBABY~1/LOCALS~1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image001.gif&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; line-height: 1.7; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;&quot; width=&quot;5&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sup style=&quot;bottom: 1ex; color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; font-size: 10px; height: 0px; line-height: 1; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span _mce_style=&quot;font-family: Raavi;&quot; style=&quot;color: inherit; font-family: Raavi; line-height: 1.7;&quot;&gt;(-t/RC)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;span _mce_style=&quot;font-family: Raavi;&quot; style=&quot;color: inherit; font-family: Raavi; line-height: 1.7;&quot;&gt;), dapat dihitung waktu yang akan mengaktifkan ambang komparatornya sebagai berikut :&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div _mce_style=&quot;margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify; line-height: 200%;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 1.7em; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span _mce_style=&quot;font-family: Raavi;&quot; style=&quot;color: inherit; font-family: Raavi; line-height: 1.7;&quot;&gt;2/3 = 1 -&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span _mce_style=&quot;font-family: Raavi;&quot; style=&quot;color: inherit; font-family: Raavi; line-height: 1.7;&quot;&gt;&lt;img _mce_src=&quot;///C:/DOCUME%7E1/MYBABY%7E1/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image001.gif&quot; height=&quot;7&quot; src=&quot;http://c/DOCUME~1/MYBABY~1/LOCALS~1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image001.gif&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; line-height: 1.7; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;&quot; width=&quot;5&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sup style=&quot;bottom: 1ex; color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; font-size: 10px; height: 0px; line-height: 1; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span _mce_style=&quot;font-family: Raavi;&quot; style=&quot;color: inherit; font-family: Raavi; line-height: 1.7;&quot;&gt;(-t/RC)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sub style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; font-size: 10px; height: 0px; line-height: 1; position: relative; top: 0.5ex; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span _mce_style=&quot;font-family: Raavi;&quot; style=&quot;color: inherit; font-family: Raavi; line-height: 1.7;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;span _mce_style=&quot;font-family: Raavi;&quot; style=&quot;color: inherit; font-family: Raavi; line-height: 1.7;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div _mce_style=&quot;margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify; line-height: 200%;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 1.7em; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span _mce_style=&quot;font-family: Raavi;&quot; style=&quot;color: inherit; font-family: Raavi; line-height: 1.7;&quot;&gt;-1/3 = -&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span _mce_style=&quot;font-family: Raavi;&quot; style=&quot;color: inherit; font-family: Raavi; line-height: 1.7;&quot;&gt;&lt;img _mce_src=&quot;///C:/DOCUME%7E1/MYBABY%7E1/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image001.gif&quot; height=&quot;7&quot; src=&quot;http://c/DOCUME~1/MYBABY~1/LOCALS~1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image001.gif&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; line-height: 1.7; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;&quot; width=&quot;5&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sup style=&quot;bottom: 1ex; color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; font-size: 10px; height: 0px; line-height: 1; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span _mce_style=&quot;font-family: Raavi;&quot; style=&quot;color: inherit; font-family: Raavi; line-height: 1.7;&quot;&gt;(-t/RC)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sub style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; font-size: 10px; height: 0px; line-height: 1; position: relative; top: 0.5ex; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span _mce_style=&quot;font-family: Raavi;&quot; style=&quot;color: inherit; font-family: Raavi; line-height: 1.7;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;span _mce_style=&quot;font-family: Raavi;&quot; style=&quot;color: inherit; font-family: Raavi; line-height: 1.7;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div _mce_style=&quot;margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify; line-height: 200%;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 1.7em; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span _mce_style=&quot;font-family: Raavi;&quot; style=&quot;color: inherit; font-family: Raavi; line-height: 1.7;&quot;&gt;1/3 =&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span _mce_style=&quot;font-family: Raavi;&quot; style=&quot;color: inherit; font-family: Raavi; line-height: 1.7;&quot;&gt;&lt;img _mce_src=&quot;///C:/DOCUME%7E1/MYBABY%7E1/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image001.gif&quot; height=&quot;7&quot; src=&quot;http://c/DOCUME~1/MYBABY~1/LOCALS~1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image001.gif&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; line-height: 1.7; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;&quot; width=&quot;5&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sup style=&quot;bottom: 1ex; color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; font-size: 10px; height: 0px; line-height: 1; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span _mce_style=&quot;font-family: Raavi;&quot; style=&quot;color: inherit; font-family: Raavi; line-height: 1.7;&quot;&gt;(-t/RC)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sub style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; font-size: 10px; height: 0px; line-height: 1; position: relative; top: 0.5ex; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span _mce_style=&quot;font-family: Raavi;&quot; style=&quot;color: inherit; font-family: Raavi; line-height: 1.7;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;span _mce_style=&quot;font-family: Raavi;&quot; style=&quot;color: inherit; font-family: Raavi; line-height: 1.7;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div _mce_style=&quot;margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify; line-height: 200%;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 1.7em; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span _mce_style=&quot;font-family: Raavi;&quot; style=&quot;color: inherit; font-family: Raavi; line-height: 1.7;&quot;&gt;ln(1/3) = -t/RC&lt;sub style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; font-size: 10px; height: 0px; line-height: 1; position: relative; top: 0.5ex; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div _mce_style=&quot;margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify; line-height: 200%;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 1.7em; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span _mce_style=&quot;font-family: Raavi;&quot; style=&quot;color: inherit; font-family: Raavi; line-height: 1.7;&quot;&gt;-1.0986123 = -t/RC&lt;sub style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; font-size: 10px; height: 0px; line-height: 1; position: relative; top: 0.5ex; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div _mce_style=&quot;margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify; line-height: 200%;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 1.7em; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span _mce_style=&quot;font-family: Raavi;&quot; style=&quot;color: inherit; font-family: Raavi; line-height: 1.7;&quot;&gt;t = 1.0986123RC&lt;sub style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; font-size: 10px; height: 0px; line-height: 1; position: relative; top: 0.5ex; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div _mce_style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 200%;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 1.7em; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;&quot;&gt;&lt;span _mce_style=&quot;font-family: Raavi;&quot; style=&quot;color: inherit; font-family: Raavi; line-height: 1.7;&quot;&gt;t = 1.1RC&lt;sub style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, serif; font-size: 10px; height: 0px; line-height: 1; position: relative; top: 0.5ex; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://belajar-elka.blogspot.com/feeds/8927388158696419562/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://belajar-elka.blogspot.com/2011/02/mengenal-timer-555.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3794031284200779805/posts/default/8927388158696419562'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3794031284200779805/posts/default/8927388158696419562'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://belajar-elka.blogspot.com/2011/02/mengenal-timer-555.html' title='Mengenal Timer 555'/><author><name>Belajar elektronika</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/16879703818450192164</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3794031284200779805.post-5233863454293419066</id><published>2010-06-08T18:10:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2010-06-08T18:10:03.359-07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="elektronika dasar"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="kapasitor"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="komponen aktif"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="kondensator"/><title type='text'>Mengenal Kapasitor</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgHdXiqbCDV9KQnUF4y83sVFM-47Xb_OhYibxeHX8Y2uAkP4bQ9_o9bzdUJwVE0cVUEHI29CFFFGylcwceal8mXxMVi1TY5zeLVZqlFB5ZL_vn8Q3XmvsCUU4awr0rH6DpmD8lNaGzZ-1g/s1600/caps.JPG&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;236&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgHdXiqbCDV9KQnUF4y83sVFM-47Xb_OhYibxeHX8Y2uAkP4bQ9_o9bzdUJwVE0cVUEHI29CFFFGylcwceal8mXxMVi1TY5zeLVZqlFB5ZL_vn8Q3XmvsCUU4awr0rH6DpmD8lNaGzZ-1g/s320/caps.JPG&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;a name=&#39;more&#39;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Kapasitor adalah komponen elektronika yang menyimpan muatan listrik.&amp;nbsp;Kapasitor disebut juga sebagai kondensator.Kapasitor terdiri atas dua plat logam yang dipisahkan oleh isolator yang disebut dielektrikum.Apabila kedua ujung plat diberi tegangan listrik, maka muatan-muatan listrik akan mengumpul pada salah satu kaki plat logam, dan pada ujung lain terkumpul muatan-muatan negatif. Namun demikian, muatan-muatan tersebut tidak dapat segera mengalir karena adanya isolator pemisah, sehingga muatan-muatan ini tersimpan selama tidak ada konduksi pada ujung-ujungnya.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Tebal/tipis serta jenis bahan dielektrikum akan memengaruhi kemampuan kapasitor dalam menyimpan muatan listrik. Kemampuan menyimpan muatan listrik disebut dengan kapasitas kapasitor/ kondensator. Kapasitas dinyatakan dalam satuan farad.Namun dalam praktek satuan kapasitor yang biasa digunakan adalah mikro, nano dan piko farad.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;direction: ltr; language: en-US; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; mso-line-break-override: restrictions; punctuation-wrap: simple; text-align: left; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;1 f&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; =&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 1.0 farad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;direction: ltr; language: en-US; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; mso-line-break-override: restrictions; punctuation-wrap: simple; text-align: left; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;10 mf&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; = .01 Farad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;direction: ltr; language: en-US; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; mso-line-break-override: restrictions; punctuation-wrap: simple; text-align: left; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;1,000uf = .001&amp;nbsp; Farad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;direction: ltr; language: en-US; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; mso-line-break-override: restrictions; punctuation-wrap: simple; text-align: left; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;100uf =&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; .0001 Farad &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;direction: ltr; language: en-US; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; mso-line-break-override: restrictions; punctuation-wrap: simple; text-align: left; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;10uf =&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; .00001Farad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;direction: ltr; language: en-US; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; mso-line-break-override: restrictions; punctuation-wrap: simple; text-align: left; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;1 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;uf&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; =&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; .000001Farad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;direction: ltr; language: en-US; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; mso-line-break-override: restrictions; punctuation-wrap: simple; text-align: left; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;.1 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;uf&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; =&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; .0000001Farad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;direction: ltr; language: en-US; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; mso-line-break-override: restrictions; punctuation-wrap: simple; text-align: left; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;.01 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;uf&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; =&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; .00000001Farad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;direction: ltr; language: en-US; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; mso-line-break-override: restrictions; punctuation-wrap: simple; text-align: left; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;.001 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;uf&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; = .000000001Farad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;direction: ltr; language: en-US; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; mso-line-break-override: restrictions; punctuation-wrap: simple; text-align: left; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;100 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;pf&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; =&amp;nbsp; .0000000001Farad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;direction: ltr; language: en-US; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; mso-line-break-override: restrictions; punctuation-wrap: simple; text-align: left; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;10 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;pf&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; =&amp;nbsp; .00000000001Farad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;direction: ltr; language: en-US; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; mso-line-break-override: restrictions; punctuation-wrap: simple; text-align: left; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;1 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;pf&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; =&amp;nbsp; .000000000001Farad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;direction: ltr; language: en-US; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; mso-line-break-override: restrictions; punctuation-wrap: simple; text-align: left; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Ada beberapa hal yang memengaruhi besar kapasitas, yaitu luas plat penghantar, jarak antar plat dan jenis dielektrika. Besar kapasitas dapat dirumuskan sebagai berikut.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;direction: ltr; language: en-US; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; mso-line-break-override: restrictions; punctuation-wrap: simple; text-align: left; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;C = (K&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;Î&lt;/span&gt;o A)/d&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;direction: ltr; language: en-US; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; mso-line-break-override: restrictions; punctuation-wrap: simple; text-align: left; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;C= kapasitas kapasitor (farad)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;direction: ltr; language: en-US; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; mso-line-break-override: restrictions; punctuation-wrap: simple; text-align: left; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;K= konstanta dielektrikum&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;direction: ltr; language: en-US; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; mso-line-break-override: restrictions; punctuation-wrap: simple; text-align: left; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Î&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;o=permivitas ruang hampa (&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 16px;&quot;&gt;8,85x10&lt;sup&gt;-12&amp;nbsp;&lt;/sup&gt;C&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;N&lt;sup&gt;-2&lt;/sup&gt;m&lt;sup&gt;-2)&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;direction: ltr; language: en-US; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; mso-line-break-override: restrictions; punctuation-wrap: simple; text-align: left; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;A=luas penampang plat (meter persegi)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;direction: ltr; language: en-US; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; mso-line-break-override: restrictions; punctuation-wrap: simple; text-align: left; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;d=jarak antar plat(meter)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;direction: ltr; language: en-US; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; mso-line-break-override: restrictions; punctuation-wrap: simple; text-align: left; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://belajar-elka.blogspot.com/feeds/5233863454293419066/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://belajar-elka.blogspot.com/2010/06/mengenal-kapasitor.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3794031284200779805/posts/default/5233863454293419066'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3794031284200779805/posts/default/5233863454293419066'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://belajar-elka.blogspot.com/2010/06/mengenal-kapasitor.html' title='Mengenal Kapasitor'/><author><name>Belajar elektronika</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/16879703818450192164</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgHdXiqbCDV9KQnUF4y83sVFM-47Xb_OhYibxeHX8Y2uAkP4bQ9_o9bzdUJwVE0cVUEHI29CFFFGylcwceal8mXxMVi1TY5zeLVZqlFB5ZL_vn8Q3XmvsCUU4awr0rH6DpmD8lNaGzZ-1g/s72-c/caps.JPG" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3794031284200779805.post-7119138374671180851</id><published>2010-06-08T07:09:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2010-06-08T07:09:05.284-07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="alat ukur"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="avometer"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="multimeter"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="praktek"/><title type='text'>Mengenal Multimeter</title><content type='html'>Multimeter merupakan alat ukur yang biasa dipakai &amp;nbsp;untuk menguji komponen elektronika, baik mengukur besaran listrik maupun menguji keadaan komponen. Multimeter juga disebut multi tester atau avometer (ampere,volt, ohm meter). Saat ini dikenal dua jenis multimeter yaitu multi meter analog dan digital sebagaimana ditunjukkan oleh gambar berikut..&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEge3h_Tyk2y-8blqdz0-Iwi4AaGdxwWdzVqy3gt64o_qKv7UIvUXff8VjY8lSqmxZ9kTb_16ENdGt3F9dUOsUq_EyprmcgZZ0y7tPEH29_N-Fc-HjIOPlb6UoKNd-Z8PflZJUhtHSmBKnRD/s1600/Digital_Multimeter.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;200&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEge3h_Tyk2y-8blqdz0-Iwi4AaGdxwWdzVqy3gt64o_qKv7UIvUXff8VjY8lSqmxZ9kTb_16ENdGt3F9dUOsUq_EyprmcgZZ0y7tPEH29_N-Fc-HjIOPlb6UoKNd-Z8PflZJUhtHSmBKnRD/s200/Digital_Multimeter.jpg&quot; width=&quot;200&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiJLkhCzieN1LeOUJClZ7ikIkC2ej_-0xZzl6j1EKUXHWpLS_2kvSGDIDUyNbHetCBrk9Dk9og68Chl8Yz5j7ePdDSugZhtnUtt3tqYaUsgdk32mH1IS1p8cC8bOsWI4GVydy6phfXZuss_/s1600/analog-multimeter.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;200&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiJLkhCzieN1LeOUJClZ7ikIkC2ej_-0xZzl6j1EKUXHWpLS_2kvSGDIDUyNbHetCBrk9Dk9og68Chl8Yz5j7ePdDSugZhtnUtt3tqYaUsgdk32mH1IS1p8cC8bOsWI4GVydy6phfXZuss_/s200/analog-multimeter.jpg&quot; width=&quot;155&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;a name=&#39;more&#39;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;Bagian-bagian multimeter:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;- papan skala&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;- jarum pengukur&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;- pengatur nol jarum (zero adjust)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;- pengatur nol ohm&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;- batas ukur ohm meter&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;- batas ukur DC Voltmeter&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;- batas ukur AC Voltmeter&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;- batas ukur amperemeter&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;- kutub positif&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;- kutub negatif&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;- sakelar pemilih&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://belajar-elka.blogspot.com/feeds/7119138374671180851/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://belajar-elka.blogspot.com/2010/06/mengenal-multimeter.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3794031284200779805/posts/default/7119138374671180851'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3794031284200779805/posts/default/7119138374671180851'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://belajar-elka.blogspot.com/2010/06/mengenal-multimeter.html' title='Mengenal Multimeter'/><author><name>Belajar elektronika</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/16879703818450192164</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEge3h_Tyk2y-8blqdz0-Iwi4AaGdxwWdzVqy3gt64o_qKv7UIvUXff8VjY8lSqmxZ9kTb_16ENdGt3F9dUOsUq_EyprmcgZZ0y7tPEH29_N-Fc-HjIOPlb6UoKNd-Z8PflZJUhtHSmBKnRD/s72-c/Digital_Multimeter.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3794031284200779805.post-7376483277837558381</id><published>2010-06-06T07:56:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2010-06-08T00:51:20.693-07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="elektronika dasar"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="hambatan"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="komponen aktif"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="paralel"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="resistor"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="seri"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="variable resistor"/><title type='text'>Mengenal Resistor (2)</title><content type='html'>&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;resistor tidak tetap&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;Setelah pada pembahasan sebelumnya dijelaskan mengenai jenis resistor tetap, berikut ini merupakan jenis resistor tidak tetap:&lt;br /&gt;
1. Variabel resistor atau potensiometer&lt;br /&gt;
Secara umum di pasaran dikenal dua bentuk variabel resistor yang biasa disebut potensio (potensiometer) dan trimpot &amp;nbsp;(trimer potensiometer) sebagaimana ditunjukkan gambar berikut&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi4MxfdcloVwLeC3dNJIt0edatrKeSEoZG4I8LnucXJHPgmUbhH6n6iTzHWtg3-bR4IN8pXDuEtJPgL4PMhWUJgO-K3ovVSQQSygakU1dGEah5HHymq-f2iaVKufG-ao34vpi_mp_Evph8/s1600/vr.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi4MxfdcloVwLeC3dNJIt0edatrKeSEoZG4I8LnucXJHPgmUbhH6n6iTzHWtg3-bR4IN8pXDuEtJPgL4PMhWUJgO-K3ovVSQQSygakU1dGEah5HHymq-f2iaVKufG-ao34vpi_mp_Evph8/s320/vr.jpg&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a name=&#39;more&#39;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;2. LDR (Light Dependent Resistor)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;LDR adalah resistor yang besar kecil nilai hambatannya dipengaruhi oleh intensitas sinar/cahaya. Jika dihubungkan dengan catu daya maka dapat dia mati besar tegangan pada ujung-ujung resistor berbeda dipengaruhi oleh cahaya.Oleh karena itu, LDR biasa digunakan sebagai sensor cahaya. Pada robot line follower LDR digunakan sebagai sensor garis.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://t0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:vKikg_7xB9ngAM:http://img.alibaba.com/photo/11285760/Cds_Photoconductive_Cell_Photoresistor_LDR.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;http://t0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:vKikg_7xB9ngAM:http://img.alibaba.com/photo/11285760/Cds_Photoconductive_Cell_Photoresistor_LDR.jpg&quot; /&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-text-decorations-in-effect: none; color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgGhflLPbyU3H5tJephMf_WIx_QADbRwaP1TZwk_WkJNnSJbMz-Zp0W4MOSTq4xxZ_OHuhq581QIey7xLDr8lreVMgN4gOy8fh8u6Nb9a9MmHByykTkqYkjOL_DtU8g5g9cY7HSIzcCbQh8/s1600/1.JPG&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;140&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgGhflLPbyU3H5tJephMf_WIx_QADbRwaP1TZwk_WkJNnSJbMz-Zp0W4MOSTq4xxZ_OHuhq581QIey7xLDr8lreVMgN4gOy8fh8u6Nb9a9MmHByykTkqYkjOL_DtU8g5g9cY7HSIzcCbQh8/s200/1.JPG&quot; width=&quot;200&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;3. NTC (negative Temperature Coefficient)&lt;/div&gt;Besar hambatan NTC dipengaruhi oleh perubahan suhu atau temperatur, maka NTC biasa digunakan sebagai sensor suhu.Biasa digunakan sebagai thermocouple.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://first-class-service-center.com/ntc.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;163&quot; src=&quot;http://first-class-service-center.com/ntc.jpg&quot; width=&quot;200&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;Hubungan Resistor&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Setelah mengenal jenis-jenis resistor, maka selanjutnya akan dibahas mengenai hubungan resistor. Ada dua macam hubungan Resistor yaitu hubungan seri dan paralel.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Hubungan Seri&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://t2.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:zdiWJUrggACQHM:http://www.e-dukasi.net/mapok/mp_files/mp_317/images/Hal14.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;http://t2.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:zdiWJUrggACQHM:http://www.e-dukasi.net/mapok/mp_files/mp_317/images/Hal14.jpg&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;Rz = R1+R2+R3&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;Hubungan seri paralel bersifat membagi tegangan, sedangkan besarnya arus yang mengalir pada tiap-tiap resistor adalah sama. Besar hambatan totalnya adalah hasil penjumlahan seluruh hambatan.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Hubungan Paralel&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg1Hj8AJLt5mX6_4VJ0GFw-SeNWt_MlGNNsgBwBURkmCirQl-1e1bRKfzIdnJBldZ-EDX0g94qm4k2koprqmK6Cn96eDuUOY2Kmac2KF9aqNxKHKQoBZogc9dPHUmGFGjiRxtW-Gd_CgeI/s1600/D2.bmp&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;179&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg1Hj8AJLt5mX6_4VJ0GFw-SeNWt_MlGNNsgBwBURkmCirQl-1e1bRKfzIdnJBldZ-EDX0g94qm4k2koprqmK6Cn96eDuUOY2Kmac2KF9aqNxKHKQoBZogc9dPHUmGFGjiRxtW-Gd_CgeI/s200/D2.bmp&quot; width=&quot;200&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; Sifat dari resistor yang dihubungkan secara paralel adalah sebagai pembagi arus. Besar tegangan pada tiap resistor adalah sama. Hambatan total dapat dihitung sebagai berikut&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://t2.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:TLBOgRB3qcK6hM:http://sadimanbanyuasin.com/Images/rumus-5.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;http://t2.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:TLBOgRB3qcK6hM:http://sadimanbanyuasin.com/Images/rumus-5.jpg&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://belajar-elka.blogspot.com/feeds/7376483277837558381/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://belajar-elka.blogspot.com/2010/06/mengenal-resistor-2.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3794031284200779805/posts/default/7376483277837558381'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3794031284200779805/posts/default/7376483277837558381'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://belajar-elka.blogspot.com/2010/06/mengenal-resistor-2.html' title='Mengenal Resistor (2)'/><author><name>Belajar elektronika</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/16879703818450192164</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi4MxfdcloVwLeC3dNJIt0edatrKeSEoZG4I8LnucXJHPgmUbhH6n6iTzHWtg3-bR4IN8pXDuEtJPgL4PMhWUJgO-K3ovVSQQSygakU1dGEah5HHymq-f2iaVKufG-ao34vpi_mp_Evph8/s72-c/vr.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3794031284200779805.post-1028362175291479072</id><published>2010-06-02T05:51:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2010-06-08T02:12:08.110-07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="elektronika dasar"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="hambatan"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="komponen aktif"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="resistor"/><title type='text'>Mengenal Resistor</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;Menurut definisi  wikipedia, Resistor adalah komponen elektronik untuk menahan arus listrik dengan memproduksi penurunan tegangan diantara kedua salurannya sesuai dengan arus yang mengalirinya, berdasarkan hukum Ohm. Resistor dapat dibuat dari bermacam-macam kompon dan film, bahkan kawat resistansi (kawat yang dibuat dari paduan resistivitas tinggi seperti nikel-kromium). Karakteristik utama dari resistor adalah resistansinya dan daya listrik yang boros. Karakteristik lain termasuk koefisien suhu, desahlistrik, dan induktansi.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;Resistor dapat diintegrasikan kedalam sirkuit hibrida dan pcb, bahkan ic. Ukuran dan letak kaki bergantung pada desain sirkuit, resistor harus cukup besar secara fisik agar tidak menjadi terlalu panas saat membuang daya.Resistor juga disebut dengan werstand, tahanan atau hambatan. Resistor dinyatakkan dengan notasi R satuan Ohm.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjSkI-htDjSpite-YbP3q3rcXdtQxBVhUewK8OHq3OUpK9bcLs6HgFdxI9TgxesI4SvrqkbFTL1C6Y21y0lturu6LJPsA3-0Ybcj2eUhLFRcTmF6ug5QAYPIpEPJ3dX3A2hO2NVhPQGtMk/s1600/images.jpg&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjSkI-htDjSpite-YbP3q3rcXdtQxBVhUewK8OHq3OUpK9bcLs6HgFdxI9TgxesI4SvrqkbFTL1C6Y21y0lturu6LJPsA3-0Ybcj2eUhLFRcTmF6ug5QAYPIpEPJ3dX3A2hO2NVhPQGtMk/s1600/images.jpg&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjSkI-htDjSpite-YbP3q3rcXdtQxBVhUewK8OHq3OUpK9bcLs6HgFdxI9TgxesI4SvrqkbFTL1C6Y21y0lturu6LJPsA3-0Ybcj2eUhLFRcTmF6ug5QAYPIpEPJ3dX3A2hO2NVhPQGtMk/s1600/images.jpg&quot;&gt;&lt;a name=&#39;more&#39;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;Pada rangkaian elektronika, resistor berfungsi menghambat arus listrik, membagi arus pada rangkaian paralel, membagi tegangan pada rangkaian seri. Resistor terdiri dari dua jenis, yaitu resistor tetap dan resistor tidak tetap (variable resistor).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;Resistor tetap&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;Nilai hambatan dari sebuah resistor tetap, ditentukan oleh kode warna sebagaimana ditunjukkan oleh gambar berikut.                     &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhpS9AOq_tkwJ7Lk99_i5CpyqMkixRycS4DbSrwur5niuO4-oNR1gqMqtEKMBw9E0ZkefqpBvfTQ9PSE1gvEq2erbwr4XQOu0nKsy4pYQDQx2-XGcel-pjhv9V7dhAPyRw9y-KmzZa_gCM/s1600/ResistorColorCodes.jpg&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; id=&quot;BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5478184902105082562&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhpS9AOq_tkwJ7Lk99_i5CpyqMkixRycS4DbSrwur5niuO4-oNR1gqMqtEKMBw9E0ZkefqpBvfTQ9PSE1gvEq2erbwr4XQOu0nKsy4pYQDQx2-XGcel-pjhv9V7dhAPyRw9y-KmzZa_gCM/s320/ResistorColorCodes.jpg&quot; style=&quot;cursor: pointer; height: 320px; width: 226px;&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;Resistor tetap ini ada dua macam, yaitu resistor dengan 4 band (pada gambar di atas yang berwarna coklat) dan 5 band (yang berwarna biru). Perbedaannya adalah resistor 4 band nilainya ditunjukkan pada 3 gelang pertama sedangkan pada 5 band ditunjukkan pada 4 gelang pertama sebagaimana ditunjukkan pada gambar. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;Berikut diberikan contoh perhitungan nilai hambatan sebuah resistor 4 band dengan warna:                      gelang1 : merah = 2 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;gelang2 : hijau    = 5 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;gelang3 : merah = 00 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt; gelang4 : emas   = 5% &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt; maka nilai hambatannya, R = 2500 Ohm, toleransinya 5%                  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;Toleransi adalah batas penyimpangan yang masih diijinkan, resistor dengan hambatan 2500 toleransi 5% maka nilai toleransinya adalah 5%*2500 = 125. Maksudnya adalah nilai resistor  2500 (2k5) penyimpangan yang diijinkan adalah tertinggi 2625 (2500+125) dan terendah 2375 (2500-125). Apabila penyimpangan tersebut melebihi atau kurang dari batas toleransi yang ditentukan, berarti resistor sudah tidak bisa dipakai. Adapun resistor 5 band memiliki toleransi 1% sehingga lebih baik.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;(bersambung)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://belajar-elka.blogspot.com/feeds/1028362175291479072/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://belajar-elka.blogspot.com/2010/06/mengenal-resistor.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3794031284200779805/posts/default/1028362175291479072'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3794031284200779805/posts/default/1028362175291479072'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://belajar-elka.blogspot.com/2010/06/mengenal-resistor.html' title='Mengenal Resistor'/><author><name>Belajar elektronika</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/16879703818450192164</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhpS9AOq_tkwJ7Lk99_i5CpyqMkixRycS4DbSrwur5niuO4-oNR1gqMqtEKMBw9E0ZkefqpBvfTQ9PSE1gvEq2erbwr4XQOu0nKsy4pYQDQx2-XGcel-pjhv9V7dhAPyRw9y-KmzZa_gCM/s72-c/ResistorColorCodes.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3794031284200779805.post-2871462056980257686</id><published>2010-06-02T02:23:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2010-06-08T02:09:51.324-07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="praktek"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="solder"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="teknik"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="timah"/><title type='text'>Teknik Menyolder</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href=&quot;http://t3.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:cCeDDylpWlaBFM:http://tokomjstation.com/modules/news/images/Soldering%20Iron%20solder.jpg&quot; onblur=&quot;try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;http://t3.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:cCeDDylpWlaBFM:http://tokomjstation.com/modules/news/images/Soldering%20Iron%20solder.jpg&quot; style=&quot;cursor: hand; cursor: pointer; float: right; height: 117px; margin: 0 0 10px 10px; width: 134px;&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, Times, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 20px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, Times, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 20px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 10px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 13px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 10px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;Berikut ini beberapa teknik menyolder yang baik dan benar &lt;/div&gt;&lt;ol style=&quot;list-style-position: outside; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 16px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 10px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 16px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;gunakan solder dengan mata solder yang runcing&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 16px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;gunakan solder dengan daya 30-40W&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 16px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;pastikan permukaan tembaga PCB mengkilap, jika buram maka amplaslah dengan amplas yang halus&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 16px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;hilangkan karat pada kaki komponen dengan mengeriknya hingga mengkilap, adanya karat pada kaki komponen ditandai dengan tidak mengkilapnya kaki komponen&lt;a name=&#39;more&#39;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 16px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;saat menyolder, tempelkan solder pada tembaga PCB (jangan terlalu lama) kemudian tempelkan timah pada solder secukupnya, tunggu hingga timah mencari dan menyebar&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 16px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;segera setelah timah menyebar di seluruh daerah solder, jauhkan solder dan tunggu hingga timah dingin&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 16px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;penyolderan yang baik adalah yang melekatkan tembaga PCB dengan kaki komponen dengan jumlah timah yang sedikit (tidak cembung), dan tidak runcing&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 16px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;jepit kaki komponen semi konduktor seperti ic, transistor, led, diode dan sensor dengan tang atau logam lain agar tidak terlalu panas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ol&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;Adapun kualitas solderan selain terkait teknik menyolder yang baik juga dipengaruhi faktor alat (soldernya itu sendiri) juga timah/tinol yang digunakan. Salah satu faktor yang menentukan kualitas timah adalah campuran yang menyusun tinol itu sendiri. Mengenai kualitas tinol/timah ini bisa dibaca di &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.elektronikaonline.com/majalah-elektronika/memilih-timah-solder-yang-tepat.htm&quot;&gt;majalah elektronika&lt;/a&gt;. Tentang solder bisa dibaca di &lt;a href=&quot;http://solder.wordpress.com/&quot;&gt;blog solder&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, Times, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 20px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, Times, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 20px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;adcode&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 5px; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;Alat-alat yang diperlukan dalam menyolder yaitu:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;adcode&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 5px; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;komponen yang akan disolder&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;papan pcb untuk meletakkan komponennya&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;timah/tinol&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;solder (tentunya)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;dissolder (alat penyedot timah), jika kita ingin melepas komponen yang sudah tersolder&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;gunting kuku (kalo perlu untuk memotong sisa kaki komponen)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://belajar-elka.blogspot.com/feeds/2871462056980257686/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://belajar-elka.blogspot.com/2010/06/teknik-menyolder.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3794031284200779805/posts/default/2871462056980257686'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3794031284200779805/posts/default/2871462056980257686'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://belajar-elka.blogspot.com/2010/06/teknik-menyolder.html' title='Teknik Menyolder'/><author><name>Belajar elektronika</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/16879703818450192164</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3794031284200779805.post-971517095748402378</id><published>2010-06-01T21:02:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2010-06-08T02:12:57.153-07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="arus"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="dasar"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Elektronika"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="hambatan"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="hukum kirchoff"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="hukum ohm"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="hukum persamaan"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="tegangan"/><title type='text'>Persamaan Dasar</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;Dosen saya pernah bilang, bahwa dalam elektronika itu sebenarnya cukup bermodalkan dua persamaan dasar. Dua persamaan ini modal untuk menganalisis berbagai bentuk rangkaian elektronika -serumit apapun-, yaitu persamaan hukum ohm dan hukum kirchoff.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;1. Hukum Ohm&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;Hukum ohm muncul karena fenomena arus listrik. Ya, jika ada perbedaan muatan potensial maka muatan negatif yang lebih mudah berpindah akan mengisi bagian yang lebih &quot;positif&quot;. Perbedaan potensial yang kemudian menyebabkan perpindahan elektron inilah asal muasal terjadinya arus listrik. Dikatakan arus listrik karena perpindahan elektron terjadi anta kedua ujung konduktor yang berbeda potensial. Maka disini konduktor dikatakan sebagai hambatan, yaitu media mengalirnya arus listrik. Ingat, jika menyebutkan perpindahan elektron maka ia berpindah dari yang bermuatan lebih negatif  kepada sisi yang lebih positif. Sebaliknya, jika mengatakan arus listrik, maka arahnya dari positif ke negatif. Adapun hukum ohm sendiri menyebutkan bahwa : besar arus yang mengalir dari suatu konduktor berbanding lurus dengan beda potensial antara kedua ujung-ujung konduktor.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a name=&#39;more&#39;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjOx78A9u8VaEDfdb3Gb1PUmAHE050RrsnS4BYT4gpj69KOubxKLu80CD_n8vCzTngSOPpyBND_YCHTmTppOwqOQVJnNIXYlbb9Tb1VG2Vi4CZe2BYDmRRSAhq-zan1YAos9RXjWLc-Bnw/s1600/ohm+law.jpg&quot; onblur=&quot;try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; id=&quot;BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5478023973035589842&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjOx78A9u8VaEDfdb3Gb1PUmAHE050RrsnS4BYT4gpj69KOubxKLu80CD_n8vCzTngSOPpyBND_YCHTmTppOwqOQVJnNIXYlbb9Tb1VG2Vi4CZe2BYDmRRSAhq-zan1YAos9RXjWLc-Bnw/s320/ohm+law.jpg&quot; style=&quot;cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 201px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; margin-top: 0px; text-align: justify; width: 320px;&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #4e4e4e; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #4e4e4e; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Georgia, serif;&quot;&gt;2. Hukum Kirchoff&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Georgia, serif;&quot;&gt;Hukum kirchoff adalah modal analisis rangkaian setelah hukum ohm. Hukum kirchoff ini digunakan dalam menganalisis arus maupun tegangan dalam rangkaian tertutup maupun terbuka, yaitu mengasumsikan arus dengan penjumlahan yang disandarkan pada arah arusnya. Untuk lebih jelasnya sebagai berikut.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Georgia, serif;&quot;&gt;Hukum kirchoff arus (node analysis)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Georgia, serif;&quot;&gt;         &quot;The algebraic sum of currents entering any node is zero&quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Georgia, serif;&quot;&gt;           Hukum kirchoff arus ini digunakan untuk mempermudah kita melakukan analisis arus dengan memperhatikan arus yang keluar maupun masuk dalam satu titik (node). Kaidahnya adalah, jumlah arus keluar dan masuk dalam sebuah titik adalah nol. Untuk Imasuk digunakan tanda positif dan untuk Ikeluar digunakan tanda negatif. Sehingga untuk gambar di bawah dapat dituliskan persamaanya,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Georgia, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Georgia, serif;&quot;&gt;                           I+ (-I1)+(-I2)+(-I3) = 0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Georgia, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://ima.dada.net/image/medium/2340205.jpg&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;http://ima.dada.net/image/medium/2340205.jpg&quot; style=&quot;cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 129px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; margin-top: 0px; text-align: center; width: 419px;&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Georgia, serif;&quot;&gt;          &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Georgia, serif;&quot;&gt;Hukum kirchoff tegangan (loop analysis)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Georgia, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: georgia;&quot;&gt;         &quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: georgia;&quot;&gt;The algebraic sum of  all voltages &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #4e4e4e;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: georgia;&quot;&gt;taken around a &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: georgia;&quot;&gt;closed&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: georgia;&quot;&gt; loop in a circuit is zero&quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #4e4e4e;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: georgia;&quot;&gt;       Hukum kirchoff tegangan mengatakan bahwa jumlah tegangan pada sebuah rangkaian kalang tertutup adalah nol. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #4e4e4e;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: georgia;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #4e4e4e;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: georgia;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://ima.dada.net/image/medium/2340678.jpg&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;http://ima.dada.net/image/medium/2340678.jpg&quot; style=&quot;cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 120px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; margin-top: 0px; text-align: center; width: 195px;&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #4e4e4e;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: georgia;&quot;&gt;            Pada rangkaian di atas, maka ada dua buah rangkaian tertututup. Pada rangkaian I dapat dirumuskan persamaan kirchoff tegangannya : Er1+ Er2 = E1, dengan Er1 = I1*R1 dan Er2 = I3*R2. Pada rangkaian II, persamaannya adalah Er3+Er2 = E2, dengan Er3 = I2*R3 dan Er2 = I3*R2. Kemudian pada titik pertemuan I1, I2 dan I3 dengan mengaplikasikan kirchoff arus akan diperoleh persamaan I1+I2 = I3.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #4e4e4e;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: georgia;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #4e4e4e;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: georgia;&quot;&gt;Demikian penjelasan singkat mengenai dua hukum dasar yang akan sangat berguna untuk analisa rangkaian elektronis. Semoga bermanfaat.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #4e4e4e;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: georgia;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://belajar-elka.blogspot.com/feeds/971517095748402378/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://belajar-elka.blogspot.com/2010/06/persamaan-dasar.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3794031284200779805/posts/default/971517095748402378'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3794031284200779805/posts/default/971517095748402378'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://belajar-elka.blogspot.com/2010/06/persamaan-dasar.html' title='Persamaan Dasar'/><author><name>Belajar elektronika</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/16879703818450192164</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjOx78A9u8VaEDfdb3Gb1PUmAHE050RrsnS4BYT4gpj69KOubxKLu80CD_n8vCzTngSOPpyBND_YCHTmTppOwqOQVJnNIXYlbb9Tb1VG2Vi4CZe2BYDmRRSAhq-zan1YAos9RXjWLc-Bnw/s72-c/ohm+law.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry></feed>