<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><?xml-stylesheet href="http://www.blogger.com/styles/atom.css" type="text/css"?><feed xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom' xmlns:openSearch='http://a9.com/-/spec/opensearchrss/1.0/' xmlns:blogger='http://schemas.google.com/blogger/2008' xmlns:georss='http://www.georss.org/georss' xmlns:gd="http://schemas.google.com/g/2005" xmlns:thr='http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0'><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3858389475946132860</id><updated>2024-08-31T09:16:01.597-04:00</updated><category term="Arduino"/><category term="PWM"/><category term="Motor CC"/><category term="serial"/><category term="Charlieplexing"/><category term="Proteus"/><category term="Puente H"/><category term="Servomotor"/><category term="Simulación"/><category term="analógico"/><category term="Cursos"/><category term="Keypad"/><category term="PIC"/><category term="SMD"/><category term="Teclado"/><title type='text'>Electrónica y circuitos</title><subtitle type='html'>Electrónica básica y avanzada...</subtitle><link rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#feed' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://electrocirc.blogspot.com/feeds/posts/default'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3858389475946132860/posts/default?redirect=false'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://electrocirc.blogspot.com/'/><link rel='hub' href='http://pubsubhubbub.appspot.com/'/><author><name>Unknown</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><generator version='7.00' uri='http://www.blogger.com'>Blogger</generator><openSearch:totalResults>19</openSearch:totalResults><openSearch:startIndex>1</openSearch:startIndex><openSearch:itemsPerPage>25</openSearch:itemsPerPage><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3858389475946132860.post-4028197442499258030</id><published>2014-03-02T17:47:00.002-04:30</published><updated>2014-03-02T17:47:33.705-04:30</updated><title type='text'>Serie a Paralelo con un 74HC595, empleo de la librería SIP</title><content type='html'>&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #333333; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20.790000915527344px; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEieFWxZeW-jgjIAh6rucN3-7LFZ8wxfJO_aeR9eUwTwQSdHAdRMLwmkfG2hnvuWU-3vDyZCSIXlCeYKTvrnu1AMcZdyuttSaTqOAdLlfhhPIgWx8WgTZsl4_0kfT4-0rOqYMwE5CLzvR0Q/s1600/portada.png&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEieFWxZeW-jgjIAh6rucN3-7LFZ8wxfJO_aeR9eUwTwQSdHAdRMLwmkfG2hnvuWU-3vDyZCSIXlCeYKTvrnu1AMcZdyuttSaTqOAdLlfhhPIgWx8WgTZsl4_0kfT4-0rOqYMwE5CLzvR0Q/s1600/portada.png&quot; height=&quot;364&quot; width=&quot;640&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #333333; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20.790000915527344px; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #333333; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20.790000915527344px; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Ampliar los pines de salida digital con los que se dispone en una placa programable ó microcontrolador, es uno de los problemas con los que en algún momento nos encontraremos, para ello existen múltiples IC&#39;s, en general todos basados en flip-flop tipo D y varias configuraciones de ellos.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://electrocirc.blogspot.com/p/simulacion-de.html&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;&amp;gt;&amp;gt;Leer mas...&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #4f4e4e; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 31.5px;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://electrocirc.blogspot.com/feeds/4028197442499258030/comments/default' title='Enviar comentarios'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://electrocirc.blogspot.com/2014/03/serie-paralelo-con-un-74hc595-empleo-de.html#comment-form' title='0 comentarios'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3858389475946132860/posts/default/4028197442499258030'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3858389475946132860/posts/default/4028197442499258030'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://electrocirc.blogspot.com/2014/03/serie-paralelo-con-un-74hc595-empleo-de.html' title='Serie a Paralelo con un 74HC595, empleo de la librería SIP'/><author><name>Unknown</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEieFWxZeW-jgjIAh6rucN3-7LFZ8wxfJO_aeR9eUwTwQSdHAdRMLwmkfG2hnvuWU-3vDyZCSIXlCeYKTvrnu1AMcZdyuttSaTqOAdLlfhhPIgWx8WgTZsl4_0kfT4-0rOqYMwE5CLzvR0Q/s72-c/portada.png" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3858389475946132860.post-2076045212253992706</id><published>2012-06-07T13:58:00.001-04:30</published><updated>2012-06-08T13:43:36.542-04:30</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Arduino"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Keypad"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Proteus"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="serial"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Simulación"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Teclado"/><title type='text'>Simulación y manejo de teclados con Micro.</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg4cV1ickJTMgvFbbX0n7BV6Grs00JoE96yJ7HnrBx_Y3CPq8a6pBodya5iFT1B2_gCXlclDyzPNowJ0MJepYuV4rNkMK6o15enOSAmWJ9Vmxk2X8WpaRXOvS2XQNoDnynUCVkQsqK0Bls/s1600/Teclados.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;376&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg4cV1ickJTMgvFbbX0n7BV6Grs00JoE96yJ7HnrBx_Y3CPq8a6pBodya5iFT1B2_gCXlclDyzPNowJ0MJepYuV4rNkMK6o15enOSAmWJ9Vmxk2X8WpaRXOvS2XQNoDnynUCVkQsqK0Bls/s640/Teclados.jpg&quot; width=&quot;640&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;En el uso de microcontroladores una de las&amp;nbsp;aplicaciones&amp;nbsp;mas usadas es la&amp;nbsp;interacción&amp;nbsp;humana con el dispositivo, ya sea bien para&amp;nbsp;modificar&amp;nbsp;valores,&amp;nbsp;configuración&amp;nbsp;o&amp;nbsp;cualquier&amp;nbsp;otra, por ello es necesario contar con dispositivos adecuados para ello como botones o sensores, en cuaquier caso es necesario controlar la interfaz con estos dispositivos, en este pequeño tutorial mostraremos como utilizar un teclado de varias teclas y su&amp;nbsp;interacción&amp;nbsp;con un microcontrolador, arduino.
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://electrocirc.blogspot.com/p/simulacion-de-manejo-de-keypads.html&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;&amp;gt;&amp;gt; Leer mas...&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://electrocirc.blogspot.com/feeds/2076045212253992706/comments/default' title='Enviar comentarios'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://electrocirc.blogspot.com/2012/06/simulacion-y-manejo-de-teclados-con.html#comment-form' title='0 comentarios'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3858389475946132860/posts/default/2076045212253992706'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3858389475946132860/posts/default/2076045212253992706'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://electrocirc.blogspot.com/2012/06/simulacion-y-manejo-de-teclados-con.html' title='Simulación y manejo de teclados con Micro.'/><author><name>Unknown</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg4cV1ickJTMgvFbbX0n7BV6Grs00JoE96yJ7HnrBx_Y3CPq8a6pBodya5iFT1B2_gCXlclDyzPNowJ0MJepYuV4rNkMK6o15enOSAmWJ9Vmxk2X8WpaRXOvS2XQNoDnynUCVkQsqK0Bls/s72-c/Teclados.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3858389475946132860.post-7850268909876946646</id><published>2012-05-28T18:20:00.000-04:30</published><updated>2012-06-08T13:42:34.003-04:30</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Arduino"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Proteus"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Simulación"/><title type='text'>Simulación de arduino en proteus.</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgAj3ko-kdTDIfTfmJZmciLTMCG0MohEHx3v8e_6iHLoePvpiKr-AapV0bnr_EXkewE0WS6cq6KBhZQJIF5J5VPW7_bfUkjb5zlLYGv7A9VCVqvVKpRrtQpV1jD8b3Umw0b9sEG0ZBgMCE/s1600/Proteus+7.8+edit.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;402&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgAj3ko-kdTDIfTfmJZmciLTMCG0MohEHx3v8e_6iHLoePvpiKr-AapV0bnr_EXkewE0WS6cq6KBhZQJIF5J5VPW7_bfUkjb5zlLYGv7A9VCVqvVKpRrtQpV1jD8b3Umw0b9sEG0ZBgMCE/s640/Proteus+7.8+edit.jpg&quot; width=&quot;640&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Simular un pequeño&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;segmento&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;de&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;código,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;generalmente, es mas practico que realizar el montaje, por lo tanto es bastante&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;útil&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;saber como simular un sistema de prototipado&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;rápido&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;como lo es arduino.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Los pasos a seguir son sencillos...&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://electrocirc.blogspot.com/p/simulacion-de-arduino-en-proteus.html&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;Leer mas&amp;gt;&amp;gt;&amp;gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://electrocirc.blogspot.com/feeds/7850268909876946646/comments/default' title='Enviar comentarios'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://electrocirc.blogspot.com/2012/05/simulacion-de-arduino-en-proteus.html#comment-form' title='0 comentarios'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3858389475946132860/posts/default/7850268909876946646'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3858389475946132860/posts/default/7850268909876946646'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://electrocirc.blogspot.com/2012/05/simulacion-de-arduino-en-proteus.html' title='Simulación de arduino en proteus.'/><author><name>Unknown</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgAj3ko-kdTDIfTfmJZmciLTMCG0MohEHx3v8e_6iHLoePvpiKr-AapV0bnr_EXkewE0WS6cq6KBhZQJIF5J5VPW7_bfUkjb5zlLYGv7A9VCVqvVKpRrtQpV1jD8b3Umw0b9sEG0ZBgMCE/s72-c/Proteus+7.8+edit.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3858389475946132860.post-4150637479415121881</id><published>2012-05-24T17:38:00.001-04:30</published><updated>2012-06-08T13:41:55.954-04:30</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Charlieplexing"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="PIC"/><title type='text'>Reloj Charlieplexing PIC 16F84A.</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhiuuLigMnYp_PXHH_ex1buRK7kGYNSoBkMz3c59rZ0Omw_-prrpOeXAfWfu5UYZKLN7LdaqeujU25xa0tuJKOkAgw4T-suMtXBYRydxsfonBSBAGu3eHy1TUdO3o_ivykaRLHYr365rP0/s1600/IMG_1284.JPG&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;490&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhiuuLigMnYp_PXHH_ex1buRK7kGYNSoBkMz3c59rZ0Omw_-prrpOeXAfWfu5UYZKLN7LdaqeujU25xa0tuJKOkAgw4T-suMtXBYRydxsfonBSBAGu3eHy1TUdO3o_ivykaRLHYr365rP0/s640/IMG_1284.JPG&quot; width=&quot;640&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Para la puesta en practica de la&amp;nbsp;técnica&amp;nbsp;charlieplexing utilizamos un inusual reloj propuesto por&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://habrahabr.ru/users/alexchin/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;alexchin&lt;/a&gt;,&amp;nbsp;que muestra la hora en 26 LEDs.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;http://electrocirc.blogspot.com/p/para-la-puesta-en-practica-de-la.html&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; text-align: left;&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;Leer mas&amp;gt;&amp;gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://electrocirc.blogspot.com/feeds/4150637479415121881/comments/default' title='Enviar comentarios'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://electrocirc.blogspot.com/2012/05/reloj-charlieplexing-pic-16f84a.html#comment-form' title='0 comentarios'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3858389475946132860/posts/default/4150637479415121881'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3858389475946132860/posts/default/4150637479415121881'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://electrocirc.blogspot.com/2012/05/reloj-charlieplexing-pic-16f84a.html' title='Reloj Charlieplexing PIC 16F84A.'/><author><name>Unknown</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhiuuLigMnYp_PXHH_ex1buRK7kGYNSoBkMz3c59rZ0Omw_-prrpOeXAfWfu5UYZKLN7LdaqeujU25xa0tuJKOkAgw4T-suMtXBYRydxsfonBSBAGu3eHy1TUdO3o_ivykaRLHYr365rP0/s72-c/IMG_1284.JPG" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3858389475946132860.post-7018657128005651070</id><published>2012-05-18T00:07:00.001-04:30</published><updated>2012-05-19T14:16:27.819-04:30</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Charlieplexing"/><title type='text'>Técnica Charlieplexing para controlar Múltiples LEDs con pocos pines.</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;¿Que es Charlieplexing?&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Charlieplexing es una técnica propuesta a principios de 1995 por Charlie Allen de &lt;i&gt;Maxim Integrated Products&lt;/i&gt;, para el control de una pantalla multiplexada en la que los pines de I/O, son relativamente escasos. Un microcontrolador se utiliza para accionar una serie de LEDs. El método utiliza las capacidades de lógica tri-estado de microcontroladores con el fin de ganar eficiencia sobre multiplexación tradicional. A pesar de que es más eficiente en el uso de I/O, hay cuestiones que hacen que sea más complicado para diseñar y hacer que sea imposible su implantación para pantallas muy grandes. debido a el actual ciclo de trabajo y las tensiones directas de los LEDs.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Multiplexación tradicional.&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;La multiplexación de leds es muy diferente de multiplexación utilizada en la transmisión de datos, aunque tiene los mismos principios básicos. En multiplexación de display, las líneas de datos de las pantallas están conectadas entre sí en paralelo a un bus común en el microcontrolador. Luego, las pantallas se encienden y se dirigen de forma individual. Esto le permite usar un menor número de pines I/O de los que normalmente se utilizarían para controlar el mismo número de display directamente.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjhfdQzeULJfN6ybKszSfB-gfbanFA-xKCO6t9QTSjB9fZttxDIapq2i4TOXLRz6qVrPr8-X_m44-oJau8wO_uL5YlYt3HMHsv2H_b_Qzm9G7JJh3CfFW4X0DZZ77NgirL4hhKO0xDfE64/s1600/display.png&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;450&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjhfdQzeULJfN6ybKszSfB-gfbanFA-xKCO6t9QTSjB9fZttxDIapq2i4TOXLRz6qVrPr8-X_m44-oJau8wO_uL5YlYt3HMHsv2H_b_Qzm9G7JJh3CfFW4X0DZZ77NgirL4hhKO0xDfE64/s640/display.png&quot; width=&quot;640&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Cuando se utiliza charlieplexing, $n$ pines de control puede manejar $n$ dígitos con $n-1$ segmentos. Cuando se simplifica, $n$ pines pueden controlar $n^2-n$ segmentos o LEDs. La multiplexación tradicional necesita muchos más pines para controlar el mismo número de LEDs; $2n$ pines debe ser utilizados para manejar $n^2$ LEDs (aunque se puede usar un chip decodificador de 1 en $m$ para reducir el número de pines I/O del microcontrolador $ n+log_2 n$).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Si el número de LEDs es conocido, entonces la ecuación anterior se puede trabajar hacia atrás para determinar el número de pines requeridos, es decir, los $L$ LEDs puede ser manejados por $n$ pines.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;$$Pines = \frac{1+\sqrt{1+4L}}{2}$$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Si en un numero no entero se utilizara el entero superior mas cercano.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;table style=&quot;border-collapse: collapse; border: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;colgroup&gt;&lt;col width=&quot;79&quot;&gt;&lt;/col&gt;&lt;col width=&quot;38&quot;&gt;&lt;/col&gt;&lt;col width=&quot;38&quot;&gt;&lt;/col&gt;&lt;col width=&quot;38&quot;&gt;&lt;/col&gt;&lt;col width=&quot;38&quot;&gt;&lt;/col&gt;&lt;col width=&quot;38&quot;&gt;&lt;/col&gt;&lt;col width=&quot;38&quot;&gt;&lt;/col&gt;&lt;col width=&quot;38&quot;&gt;&lt;/col&gt;&lt;col width=&quot;38&quot;&gt;&lt;/col&gt;&lt;col width=&quot;38&quot;&gt;&lt;/col&gt;&lt;col width=&quot;38&quot;&gt;&lt;/col&gt;&lt;col width=&quot;88&quot;&gt;&lt;/col&gt;&lt;/colgroup&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr style=&quot;height: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px dotted rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 7px; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 12px; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;LEDs&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px dotted rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 7px; text-align: center; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 12px; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px dotted rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 7px; text-align: center; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 12px; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px dotted rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 7px; text-align: center; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 12px; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;6&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px dotted rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 7px; text-align: center; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 12px; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;12&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px dotted rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 7px; text-align: center; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 12px; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;20&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px dotted rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 7px; text-align: center; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 12px; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;30&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px dotted rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 7px; text-align: center; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 12px; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;42&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px dotted rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 7px; text-align: center; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 12px; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;56&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px dotted rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 7px; text-align: center; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 12px; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;72&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px dotted rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 7px; text-align: center; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 12px; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;90&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px dotted rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 7px; text-align: center; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 12px; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;$n^2-n$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 12px; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style=&quot;height: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px dotted rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 7px; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 12px; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;PINES&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px dotted rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 7px; text-align: center; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 12px; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px dotted rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 7px; text-align: center; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 12px; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px dotted rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 7px; text-align: center; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 12px; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;3&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px dotted rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 7px; text-align: center; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 12px; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;4&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px dotted rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 7px; text-align: center; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 12px; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;5&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px dotted rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 7px; text-align: center; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 12px; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;6&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px dotted rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 7px; text-align: center; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 12px; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;7&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px dotted rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 7px; text-align: center; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 12px; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;8&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px dotted rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 7px; text-align: center; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 12px; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;9&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px dotted rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 7px; text-align: center; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 12px; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;10&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px dotted rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 7px; text-align: center; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 12px; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;$n$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Control por complemento&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Charlieplexing, en su forma más simple, funciona con una matriz de pares complementarios de los LEDs. La matriz charlieplexed más simple posible sería el siguiente:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgIln0cHeZtdi2iLllQMhxIbqcopgWqMk0xT8DcQAn3nJnz1bEn_8T71BYz3pnj-cigGiY0qzHaK3OceJXkauIsS0tl9FHgIWDVyMcfFfCEz_w4-zTCG-hgvy5k6jlfB8F8xdbNuflazaM/s1600/charlieplaxing.png&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;249&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgIln0cHeZtdi2iLllQMhxIbqcopgWqMk0xT8DcQAn3nJnz1bEn_8T71BYz3pnj-cigGiY0qzHaK3OceJXkauIsS0tl9FHgIWDVyMcfFfCEz_w4-zTCG-hgvy5k6jlfB8F8xdbNuflazaM/s640/charlieplaxing.png&quot; width=&quot;640&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Mediante la aplicación de una carga positiva al pin 1 y puesta a tierra el pin 2, el LED 1 se encenderá. Como la corriente no puede fluir a través de LEDs en polarización inversa, 2 LED permanecerá apagado. Si las cargas en los polos 1 y 2 se invierten, el LED 2 se enciende y el LED 1 se apagará.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;La técnica Charlieplexing en realidad se utiliza en una matriz más grande que sólo con dos pines, debido a que dos LEDs pueden ser manejados por dos pines sin ningún tipo de conexiones en forma de matriz, y sin siquiera usar el modo de tri-estado. Sin embargo, el circuito de 2 pines sirve como un ejemplo simple para mostrar los conceptos básicos antes de pasar a los grandes circuitos donde, charlieplexing en realidad, muestra una ventaja evidente.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Ampliación: tri-estado lógico&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Si tuviéramos que ampliar la cantidad para dar cabida a este circuito de 3 pines y 6 LEDs, se vería así:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj82PW7bH-jpD3Da9BXt5BB1deAwQ8dmmqy-gfvbwz3f_TZaJ5oqsVYup95iAQG4CY-xLeNWnCvTdAryUJCykwV_2t3O9TXaEYzrU5uDdvP1_pqw2fYhvJLwIjxnjN18ZhXv5xWuc6nGYA/s1600/CHAR.png&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;372&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj82PW7bH-jpD3Da9BXt5BB1deAwQ8dmmqy-gfvbwz3f_TZaJ5oqsVYup95iAQG4CY-xLeNWnCvTdAryUJCykwV_2t3O9TXaEYzrU5uDdvP1_pqw2fYhvJLwIjxnjN18ZhXv5xWuc6nGYA/s640/CHAR.png&quot; width=&quot;640&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Esto presenta un problema, sin embargo. Para que este circuito funcione como el anterior, debemos desconectar uno de los pines antes de aplicar la carga a los dos restantes. Esto se puede resolver mediante la utilización de las propiedades lógicas, la de tres estados de pines del microcontrolador. Los pines del microcontrolador por lo general tienen tres estados, 5V, 0V y entrada. El modo de entrada pone el pin en un estado de alta impedancia que, eléctricamente hablando, &quot;desconecta&quot; que el pin del circuito de multiplexado, es decir, poco o ningúna corriente fluirá a través de él. Esto permite a el circuito seleccionar cualquier número de pines conectados en cualquier momento, simplemente cambiando el estado de la patilla. Con el fin de controlar la matriz de 6 LEDs mostrada, los dos pines correspondientes al LED deseamos activar deben estar conectadas a 5V y 0V respectivamente, mientras que el tercer pin se encuentra en su estado de entrada (alta impedancia). Al hacerlo así, evita la fuga de corriente fuera del tercer pin, asegurando que el LED se desea a la encender es el único iluminado.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Mediante el uso del tri-estado lógico, la matriz teóricamente puede ampliarse a cualquier tamaño, siempre que los pins están disponibles. Para $n$ pines, se puede tener hasta $n(n-1)$ LEDs en la matriz. Cualquier LED se puede encender mediante la aplicación de 5V y 0V a los pines correspondientes y el establecimiento de todos los otros pines conectados a la matriz a modo de entrada.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Aquí&amp;nbsp;un&amp;nbsp;vídeo&amp;nbsp;simulando la&amp;nbsp;aplicación&amp;nbsp;de esta&amp;nbsp;técnica.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;iframe allowfullscreen=&#39;allowfullscreen&#39; webkitallowfullscreen=&#39;webkitallowfullscreen&#39; mozallowfullscreen=&#39;mozallowfullscreen&#39; width=&#39;420&#39; height=&#39;266&#39; src=&#39;https://www.youtube.com/embed/OG1-AE48FcU?feature=player_embedded&#39; frameborder=&#39;0&#39;&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;En la&amp;nbsp;próxima&amp;nbsp;entrada pondremos en practica esta&amp;nbsp;técnica&amp;nbsp;para hacer un reloj muy simpatico con solo un microcontroldador y pocos pines.&lt;/span&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Hasta la proxima...&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://electrocirc.blogspot.com/feeds/7018657128005651070/comments/default' title='Enviar comentarios'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://electrocirc.blogspot.com/2012/05/tecnica-charlieplexing-para-controlar.html#comment-form' title='4 comentarios'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3858389475946132860/posts/default/7018657128005651070'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3858389475946132860/posts/default/7018657128005651070'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://electrocirc.blogspot.com/2012/05/tecnica-charlieplexing-para-controlar.html' title='Técnica Charlieplexing para controlar Múltiples LEDs con pocos pines.'/><author><name>Unknown</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjhfdQzeULJfN6ybKszSfB-gfbanFA-xKCO6t9QTSjB9fZttxDIapq2i4TOXLRz6qVrPr8-X_m44-oJau8wO_uL5YlYt3HMHsv2H_b_Qzm9G7JJh3CfFW4X0DZZ77NgirL4hhKO0xDfE64/s72-c/display.png" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>4</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3858389475946132860.post-6996552263837621080</id><published>2012-05-13T16:28:00.001-04:30</published><updated>2012-05-15T21:24:36.847-04:30</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Arduino"/><title type='text'>Historia Arduino</title><content type='html'>&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Naufragando por la web me tope con dos&amp;nbsp;vídeos&amp;nbsp;en el que hablan de los creadores del arduino y como se&amp;nbsp;convirtió&amp;nbsp;en lo que es. También&amp;nbsp;aparecen los patrocinantes y otros&amp;nbsp;emprendedores&amp;nbsp;que apoyaron y crecieron junto a este dispositivo. Sin mas los&amp;nbsp;vídeos.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;iframe allowfullscreen=&quot;&quot; frameborder=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;315&quot; src=&quot;http://www.youtube.com/embed/8YzLWJ9GBvE&quot; width=&quot;560&quot;&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;y la segunda parte.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;iframe allowfullscreen=&quot;&quot; frameborder=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;315&quot; src=&quot;http://www.youtube.com/embed/-fIlnuy0raA&quot; width=&quot;560&quot;&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Espero les guste...&lt;/span&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://electrocirc.blogspot.com/feeds/6996552263837621080/comments/default' title='Enviar comentarios'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://electrocirc.blogspot.com/2012/05/historia-arduino.html#comment-form' title='0 comentarios'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3858389475946132860/posts/default/6996552263837621080'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3858389475946132860/posts/default/6996552263837621080'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://electrocirc.blogspot.com/2012/05/historia-arduino.html' title='Historia Arduino'/><author><name>Unknown</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://img.youtube.com/vi/8YzLWJ9GBvE/default.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3858389475946132860.post-3242011869252682826</id><published>2012-05-09T22:33:00.004-04:30</published><updated>2012-05-09T22:38:57.220-04:30</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="analógico"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Arduino"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="PWM"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="serial"/><title type='text'>Arduino PWM y comunicación serial.</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;En esta entrada hablaremos de la&amp;nbsp;modulación&amp;nbsp;por ancho de pulso (PWM) y de&amp;nbsp;comunicación&amp;nbsp;serial. si bien el arduino dice tener salidas&amp;nbsp;analógicas&amp;nbsp;estas no son mas que salidas de PWM que se pueden convertir en valores de voltaje&amp;nbsp;estático con un circuito extra, PERO NO LO SON.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;sin embargo es muy practico&amp;nbsp;utilizar&amp;nbsp;estas salidas para controlar el brillo de un led, la velocidad de un motor, o la temperatura de un generador de calor&amp;nbsp;eléctrico.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;El circuito propuesto para esta experiencia es el siguiente.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiv0bps3gj5qVsl4ZXXoL-aA54itImDExVBo5iY8rCfOqpo_wGniSkdeEa2IsW6NXT29XqILiZ1EC0x7x6I1WROAcKXbWS5nfc1673OSg6MELI6mvJToV-VquzvD1cHJ1MSgvZvxZO0cfM/s1600/pwm+serial+esq_bb.png&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;546&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiv0bps3gj5qVsl4ZXXoL-aA54itImDExVBo5iY8rCfOqpo_wGniSkdeEa2IsW6NXT29XqILiZ1EC0x7x6I1WROAcKXbWS5nfc1673OSg6MELI6mvJToV-VquzvD1cHJ1MSgvZvxZO0cfM/s640/pwm+serial+esq_bb.png&quot; width=&quot;640&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Con capturaremos el valor&amp;nbsp;analógico&amp;nbsp;del potenciometro este sera de 10 bits (0-1023) como lo hicimos en el montaje anterior, y lo manejaremos&amp;nbsp;matemáticamente&amp;nbsp;para adaptarlo a los valores de pwm que van desde 0 a 255 y observaremos ambos valores a través del puerto serial.&amp;nbsp;también&amp;nbsp;variaremos el brillo de un led y controlaremos la velocidad de un pequeño motor DC.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;el software que estaremos utilizando es el siguiente.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;pre&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #7e7e7e;&quot;&gt;/*&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #7e7e7e;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;lectura&amp;nbsp;analogica&amp;nbsp;serial&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #7e7e7e;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;lee&amp;nbsp;un&amp;nbsp;valor&amp;nbsp;por&amp;nbsp;la&amp;nbsp;entrada&amp;nbsp;analogia&amp;nbsp;A0&amp;nbsp;y&amp;nbsp;la&amp;nbsp;envia&amp;nbsp;de&amp;nbsp;forma&amp;nbsp;serial&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #7e7e7e;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;para&amp;nbsp;ser&amp;nbsp;visualizada&amp;nbsp;por&amp;nbsp;el&amp;nbsp;monitor&amp;nbsp;serial&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #7e7e7e;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #7e7e7e;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;*/&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc6600;&quot;&gt;void&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc6600;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;setup&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;() {
&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc6600;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Serial&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc6600;&quot;&gt;begin&lt;/span&gt;(115200); &lt;span style=&quot;color: #7e7e7e;&quot;&gt;// configura la velocidad del puerto serial&lt;/span&gt;
}

&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc6600;&quot;&gt;void&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc6600;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;loop&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;() {
&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc6600;&quot;&gt;int&lt;/span&gt; sensorValue = &lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc6600;&quot;&gt;analogRead&lt;/span&gt;(A0); &lt;span style=&quot;color: #7e7e7e;&quot;&gt;// guarda el valor de la lectura del puerto analógico en sensorValue&lt;/span&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc6600;&quot;&gt;analogWrite&lt;/span&gt;(9,sensorValue/4); &lt;span style=&quot;color: #7e7e7e;&quot;&gt;// divide el valor analogico el PWM es de solo hasta 255&lt;/span&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc6600;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Serial&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc6600;&quot;&gt;print&lt;/span&gt;(&lt;span style=&quot;color: #006699;&quot;&gt;&quot;sensor &quot;&lt;/span&gt;); &lt;span style=&quot;color: #7e7e7e;&quot;&gt;// envia el string sensor a el puerto serial&lt;/span&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc6600;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Serial&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc6600;&quot;&gt;print&lt;/span&gt;(sensorValue); &lt;span style=&quot;color: #7e7e7e;&quot;&gt;// envia el valor del sensorValue a el puerto serial&lt;/span&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc6600;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Serial&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc6600;&quot;&gt;print&lt;/span&gt;(&lt;span style=&quot;color: #006699;&quot;&gt;&quot; PWM &quot;&lt;/span&gt;); &lt;span style=&quot;color: #7e7e7e;&quot;&gt;// envia el string PWM a el puerto serial&lt;/span&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc6600;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Serial&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc6600;&quot;&gt;println&lt;/span&gt;(1024-sensorValue); &lt;span style=&quot;color: #7e7e7e;&quot;&gt;// envia el valor del PWM a el puerto serial y salta una linea&lt;/span&gt;
&amp;nbsp;
}&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;pre&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;y el vídeo del montaje a continuación.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;pre&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;iframe allowfullscreen=&#39;allowfullscreen&#39; webkitallowfullscreen=&#39;webkitallowfullscreen&#39; mozallowfullscreen=&#39;mozallowfullscreen&#39; width=&#39;420&#39; height=&#39;266&#39; src=&#39;https://www.youtube.com/embed/dwqPngoPF5E?feature=player_embedded&#39; frameborder=&#39;0&#39;&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;hasta la&amp;nbsp;próxima...&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;pre&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://electrocirc.blogspot.com/feeds/3242011869252682826/comments/default' title='Enviar comentarios'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://electrocirc.blogspot.com/2012/05/arduino-pwm-y-comunicacion-serial.html#comment-form' title='0 comentarios'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3858389475946132860/posts/default/3242011869252682826'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3858389475946132860/posts/default/3242011869252682826'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://electrocirc.blogspot.com/2012/05/arduino-pwm-y-comunicacion-serial.html' title='Arduino PWM y comunicación serial.'/><author><name>Unknown</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiv0bps3gj5qVsl4ZXXoL-aA54itImDExVBo5iY8rCfOqpo_wGniSkdeEa2IsW6NXT29XqILiZ1EC0x7x6I1WROAcKXbWS5nfc1673OSg6MELI6mvJToV-VquzvD1cHJ1MSgvZvxZO0cfM/s72-c/pwm+serial+esq_bb.png" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3858389475946132860.post-5655005899107732124</id><published>2012-05-03T16:04:00.002-04:30</published><updated>2012-05-09T22:35:04.603-04:30</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="analógico"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Arduino"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="serial"/><title type='text'>Arduino lectura analógica y comunicación serial.</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Alguna de las bondades del IDE de arduino es que&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;posee&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;una herramienta que monitoriza la&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;comunicación&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;serial del puerto al que se conecta el arduino, esto simplifica la tarea de buscar un software extra que realice esta tarea... en el siguiente video probaremos la&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;comunicación&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;serial d una variable de 10 bits&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;leída&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;del puerto&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;analógico&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;y presentada en forma&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;numérica&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;(0-1023)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj6SVsKL9zqoCxpnGVs9iYTtfZxwIbWqe35hrAHo7LUk82CM42naFaln9VXuvHdwoWpwZh4eCXD1QEydRD9hzF5syfhxrD367jVsbvzJhgTcXHHDZk8HQA-rShFAl5aLMRFmsUqzJoUum0/s1600/serial+monitor+esq_bb.png&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;357&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj6SVsKL9zqoCxpnGVs9iYTtfZxwIbWqe35hrAHo7LUk82CM42naFaln9VXuvHdwoWpwZh4eCXD1QEydRD9hzF5syfhxrD367jVsbvzJhgTcXHHDZk8HQA-rShFAl5aLMRFmsUqzJoUum0/s400/serial+monitor+esq_bb.png&quot; width=&quot;400&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Este es el circuito montado para las pruebas.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;a&amp;nbsp;continuación&amp;nbsp;el software del arduino.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;pre&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #7e7e7e;&quot;&gt;/*&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #7e7e7e;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;Lectura&amp;nbsp;analogica&amp;nbsp;serial&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #7e7e7e;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;Lee&amp;nbsp;una&amp;nbsp;entrada&amp;nbsp;analogica&amp;nbsp;(pin&amp;nbsp;A0),&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #7e7e7e;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;para&amp;nbsp;ser&amp;nbsp;visualizado&amp;nbsp;en&amp;nbsp;el&amp;nbsp;serial&amp;nbsp;monitor.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #7e7e7e;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #7e7e7e;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;Este&amp;nbsp;ejemplo&amp;nbsp;es&amp;nbsp;de&amp;nbsp;dominio&amp;nbsp;publico.&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #7e7e7e;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;*/&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc6600;&quot;&gt;void&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc6600;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;setup&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;() {
&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc6600;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Serial&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc6600;&quot;&gt;begin&lt;/span&gt;(9600);
}

&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc6600;&quot;&gt;void&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc6600;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;loop&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;() {
&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc6600;&quot;&gt;int&lt;/span&gt; sensorValue = &lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc6600;&quot;&gt;analogRead&lt;/span&gt;(A0);
&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc6600;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Serial&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc6600;&quot;&gt;println&lt;/span&gt;(sensorValue);
}
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; es el software utilizado&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;pre&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;pre&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;El video del montaje.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;La simplicidad del programa habla por si sola y el montaje es supersimple.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Hasta la&amp;nbsp;próxima.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;pre&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://electrocirc.blogspot.com/feeds/5655005899107732124/comments/default' title='Enviar comentarios'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://electrocirc.blogspot.com/2012/05/arduino-lectura-analogica-y.html#comment-form' title='3 comentarios'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3858389475946132860/posts/default/5655005899107732124'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3858389475946132860/posts/default/5655005899107732124'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://electrocirc.blogspot.com/2012/05/arduino-lectura-analogica-y.html' title='Arduino lectura analógica y comunicación serial.'/><author><name>Unknown</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj6SVsKL9zqoCxpnGVs9iYTtfZxwIbWqe35hrAHo7LUk82CM42naFaln9VXuvHdwoWpwZh4eCXD1QEydRD9hzF5syfhxrD367jVsbvzJhgTcXHHDZk8HQA-rShFAl5aLMRFmsUqzJoUum0/s72-c/serial+monitor+esq_bb.png" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>3</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3858389475946132860.post-939829223446084533</id><published>2012-04-29T15:43:00.000-04:30</published><updated>2012-04-29T15:46:12.457-04:30</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Arduino"/><title type='text'>Arduino Uno Rev3 Instalación y Prueba de software.</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Hace algunos dias me llego mi arduino uno rev3, la verdad yo soy más de PIC de microchip, pero esta es una herramienta extremadamente poderosas debido al gran&amp;nbsp;auge&amp;nbsp;que ha&amp;nbsp;tenido&amp;nbsp;a nivel mundial, su&amp;nbsp;versatilidad, su simplicidad, su&amp;nbsp;extremadamente&amp;nbsp;bajo costo, corre en casi todos los sistemas operativos y por&amp;nbsp;supuesto&amp;nbsp;que sea de hardware libre.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;En&amp;nbsp;función&amp;nbsp;de eso nos aventuramos a explorar las bondades de este sistema.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;El primer&amp;nbsp;vídeo&amp;nbsp;de arduino,&amp;nbsp;por supuesto,&amp;nbsp;instalación&amp;nbsp;y prueba del primer programa blink.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Nos vemos en la&amp;nbsp;próxima.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://electrocirc.blogspot.com/feeds/939829223446084533/comments/default' title='Enviar comentarios'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://electrocirc.blogspot.com/2012/04/arduino-uno-rev3-instalacion-y-prueba.html#comment-form' title='0 comentarios'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3858389475946132860/posts/default/939829223446084533'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3858389475946132860/posts/default/939829223446084533'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://electrocirc.blogspot.com/2012/04/arduino-uno-rev3-instalacion-y-prueba.html' title='Arduino Uno Rev3 Instalación y Prueba de software.'/><author><name>Unknown</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3858389475946132860.post-2381651800887156966</id><published>2012-04-17T12:40:00.003-04:30</published><updated>2012-04-17T12:40:55.403-04:30</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="PWM"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Servomotor"/><title type='text'>Montaje de un Probador de servomotores.</title><content type='html'>&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;!Hola¡&amp;nbsp;Aquí&amp;nbsp;esta el montaje del Probador de servomotores diseñado.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://electrocirc.blogspot.com/2012/04/probador-de-servomotores-de-hobby.html&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;Ver diseño Probador de servomotores&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;iframe allowfullscreen=&#39;allowfullscreen&#39; webkitallowfullscreen=&#39;webkitallowfullscreen&#39; mozallowfullscreen=&#39;mozallowfullscreen&#39; width=&#39;420&#39; height=&#39;266&#39; src=&#39;https://www.youtube.com/embed/Eq3-M7gHyL8?feature=player_embedded&#39; frameborder=&#39;0&#39;&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;espero les guste...&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Hasta la proxima&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://electrocirc.blogspot.com/feeds/2381651800887156966/comments/default' title='Enviar comentarios'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://electrocirc.blogspot.com/2012/04/montaje-de-un-probador-de-servomotores.html#comment-form' title='0 comentarios'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3858389475946132860/posts/default/2381651800887156966'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3858389475946132860/posts/default/2381651800887156966'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://electrocirc.blogspot.com/2012/04/montaje-de-un-probador-de-servomotores.html' title='Montaje de un Probador de servomotores.'/><author><name>Unknown</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3858389475946132860.post-1880505029543364964</id><published>2012-04-16T12:43:00.000-04:30</published><updated>2012-04-16T18:59:13.802-04:30</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="PWM"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Servomotor"/><title type='text'>Probador de Servomotores de Hobby Diseño.</title><content type='html'>&lt;b style=&quot;color: #3d85c6; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Servomotores de hobby o de modelismo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Un servomotor es un dispositivo parecido a un motor de corriente continua ,normalmente mecanizado, que posee la capacidad de posicionarse dentro de un rango de operación pre diseñado, y mantenerse esta posición con cierto grado de estabilidad.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Mas simplemente un servomotor es un motor eléctrico que consta con la capacidad de ser controlado, tanto en velocidad como en posición.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Los servos se utilizan frecuentemente en sistemas de radio control y en robótica, pero su uso no está limitado a estos. Es posible modificar un servomotor para obtener un motor de corriente continua que, si bien ya no tiene la capacidad de control del servo, conserva la fuerza, velocidad y baja inercia que caracteriza a estos dispositivos.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: #3d85c6; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Características de los servomotores de hobby.&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Está conformado por un motor, una caja reductora y un circuito de control. También potencia proporcional para cargas mecánicas. Un servo, por consiguiente, tiene un consumo de energía reducido.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;La corriente que requiere depende del tamaño del servo. Normalmente el fabricante indica cual es la corriente que consume. La corriente depende principalmente del par, y puede exceder un amperio si el servo está enclavado, pero no es muy alto si el servo está libre moviéndose todo el tiempo.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: #3d85c6; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Control de los servomotores de hobby.&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Los servomotores hacen uso de la modulación por ancho de pulsos (PWM) para controlar la dirección o posición de los motores de corriente continua. La mayoría trabaja en la frecuencia de los cincuenta hercios, así las señales PWM tendrán un periodo de veinte milisegundos. La electrónica dentro del servomotor responderá al ancho de la señal modulada. Si los circuitos dentro del servomotor reciben una señal de entre 0,5 a 1,4 milisegundos variando este rango&amp;nbsp;según&amp;nbsp;su fabricante, este se moverá en sentido horario; entre 1,6 a 2 milisegundos moverá el servomotor en sentido&amp;nbsp;anti-horario; 1,5 milisegundos representa un estado neutro para los servomotores estándares. A continuación se exponen ejemplos de cada caso:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Señal de ancho de pulso modulado:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEii6zkDYqHsNE16lr0Hg88TJ9blhbHGQ6nB5lPSfDCh5i_J3r_5DwgtIXvqTg9ROq_hJh2PR2wsvesCrAF8APdnefWYAT3n_U9ippE23ich0GHtNQZvJMG_Zz0XBMWdDHTqhqiUAhs6_zE/s1600/servo.png&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;400&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEii6zkDYqHsNE16lr0Hg88TJ9blhbHGQ6nB5lPSfDCh5i_J3r_5DwgtIXvqTg9ROq_hJh2PR2wsvesCrAF8APdnefWYAT3n_U9ippE23ich0GHtNQZvJMG_Zz0XBMWdDHTqhqiUAhs6_zE/s400/servo.png&quot; width=&quot;321&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;En la imagen tenemos la&amp;nbsp;posición&amp;nbsp;del servomotor para diferentes anchos de pulso&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;En la imagen A) vemos un pulso que crece y el servo gira en sentido horario.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;En la imagen B) vemos un pulso que&amp;nbsp;estático&amp;nbsp;en el centro y el servo esta en una&amp;nbsp;posición&amp;nbsp;fija.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;En la imagen C) vemos un pulso que decrece y el servo gira en sentido anti-horario.&lt;/span&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;El circuito propuesto es el siguiente.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi1EpbSfL5e2YjRtQMUqEoVwbfsdz1umWxbIoxzS1UyDtdvFzvxmF8Tkk5MdK_hfKjv9f2xrSQ1y3CxzN0a46oclT5SECmdr6qX8MFzW90fvzn_u_6Jmb3WW8tiZ54jb5-AtFeq-81f2O0/s1600/Servotestr.png&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;494&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi1EpbSfL5e2YjRtQMUqEoVwbfsdz1umWxbIoxzS1UyDtdvFzvxmF8Tkk5MdK_hfKjv9f2xrSQ1y3CxzN0a46oclT5SECmdr6qX8MFzW90fvzn_u_6Jmb3WW8tiZ54jb5-AtFeq-81f2O0/s640/Servotestr.png&quot; width=&quot;640&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Los&amp;nbsp;cálculos&amp;nbsp;son&amp;nbsp;similares&amp;nbsp;a los de &lt;a href=&quot;http://electrocirc.blogspot.com/2012/04/controlar-velocidad-de-motor-dc-por.html&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;PWM para un motor dc&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/a&gt; la diferencia basic es que para la carga (&lt;i&gt;t1)&lt;/i&gt; se incluyen la resistencia de 2.7K y para descarga (&lt;i&gt;t2&lt;/i&gt;) la resistencia de 100k.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;la&amp;nbsp;simulación&amp;nbsp;del circuito.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;iframe allowfullscreen=&#39;allowfullscreen&#39; webkitallowfullscreen=&#39;webkitallowfullscreen&#39; mozallowfullscreen=&#39;mozallowfullscreen&#39; width=&#39;420&#39; height=&#39;266&#39; src=&#39;https://www.youtube.com/embed/pVnC5WGtV8I?feature=player_embedded&#39; frameborder=&#39;0&#39;&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;En la&amp;nbsp;próxima&amp;nbsp;publicación&amp;nbsp;se probara en protoboard.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;nos leemos...&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://electrocirc.blogspot.com/feeds/1880505029543364964/comments/default' title='Enviar comentarios'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://electrocirc.blogspot.com/2012/04/probador-de-servomotores-de-hobby.html#comment-form' title='4 comentarios'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3858389475946132860/posts/default/1880505029543364964'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3858389475946132860/posts/default/1880505029543364964'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://electrocirc.blogspot.com/2012/04/probador-de-servomotores-de-hobby.html' title='Probador de Servomotores de Hobby Diseño.'/><author><name>Unknown</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEii6zkDYqHsNE16lr0Hg88TJ9blhbHGQ6nB5lPSfDCh5i_J3r_5DwgtIXvqTg9ROq_hJh2PR2wsvesCrAF8APdnefWYAT3n_U9ippE23ich0GHtNQZvJMG_Zz0XBMWdDHTqhqiUAhs6_zE/s72-c/servo.png" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>4</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3858389475946132860.post-2476551331471901219</id><published>2012-04-13T17:25:00.001-04:30</published><updated>2012-04-13T17:29:31.566-04:30</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Motor CC"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="PWM"/><title type='text'>Control de Velocidad por ancho de pulso PWM Protoboard</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Bien&amp;nbsp;aquí&amp;nbsp;esta el circuito de control de motores propuesto por PWM.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;iframe allowfullscreen=&#39;allowfullscreen&#39; webkitallowfullscreen=&#39;webkitallowfullscreen&#39; mozallowfullscreen=&#39;mozallowfullscreen&#39; width=&#39;420&#39; height=&#39;266&#39; src=&#39;https://www.youtube.com/embed/1TJ5iqwwzQw?feature=player_embedded&#39; frameborder=&#39;0&#39;&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;http://electrocirc.blogspot.com/2012/04/controlar-velocidad-de-motor-dc-por.html&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Ver Diseño del circuito.&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;La sencilles de este circuito no dio mayores problemas al montarlo funciono perfectamente.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;sin embargo algunas consideraciones serian pertinentes.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;ol&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;El voltaje de&amp;nbsp;alimentación&amp;nbsp;máximo&amp;nbsp;del NE555 limita el uso de motores de mayor voltaje. Se pueden separar el control y la etapa de potencia (MOSFET) para mejorar este diseño.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;NO conecten el motor directamente al 555 de lo contrario lo quemaran por exceso de corriente a la salida.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Aseguren que la fuente utilizada para la&amp;nbsp;alimentación&amp;nbsp;de motor y/o circuito de control sea adecuada.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;El control por ancho de pulso (PWM) no solo sirve para control de motores,&amp;nbsp;también&amp;nbsp;puede ser utilizado para control de&amp;nbsp;iluminación, o incluso&amp;nbsp;comunicación con el control adecuado.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
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&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Espero les haya gustado...&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;hasta la&amp;nbsp;próxima.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://electrocirc.blogspot.com/feeds/2476551331471901219/comments/default' title='Enviar comentarios'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://electrocirc.blogspot.com/2012/04/control-de-velocidad-por-ancho-de-pulso.html#comment-form' title='9 comentarios'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3858389475946132860/posts/default/2476551331471901219'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3858389475946132860/posts/default/2476551331471901219'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://electrocirc.blogspot.com/2012/04/control-de-velocidad-por-ancho-de-pulso.html' title='Control de Velocidad por ancho de pulso PWM Protoboard'/><author><name>Unknown</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>9</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3858389475946132860.post-4016067820579738265</id><published>2012-04-10T23:33:00.002-04:30</published><updated>2012-04-13T17:29:47.083-04:30</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Motor CC"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="PWM"/><title type='text'>Controlar velocidad de motor DC por ancho de pulso (PWM).</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #3d85c6;&quot;&gt;PWM&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;La modulación por ancho de pulso (PWM) es una técnica para controlar los circuitos con una salida digital.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;PWM se utiliza en múltiples aplicaciones, algunas como controlar la intensidad de una luz y la velocidad de los motores DC.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Un circuito PWM genera una onda cuadrada con una anchura variable.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjcgiE-jvsAkjMxBGbNHAIGZiW3_TCrSLL_oCx0dT-l2PBFqK-oQF8kZHDFJmCsW22uyCBlTg89HHvsr4fDnQzxHjmC0Rwbsj2nUePzUOB0gwmcg1iizgVdN0gBq04OLKtvAyNSS9A2ffw/s1600/PWM.png&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjcgiE-jvsAkjMxBGbNHAIGZiW3_TCrSLL_oCx0dT-l2PBFqK-oQF8kZHDFJmCsW22uyCBlTg89HHvsr4fDnQzxHjmC0Rwbsj2nUePzUOB0gwmcg1iizgVdN0gBq04OLKtvAyNSS9A2ffw/s640/PWM.png&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;El ancho de pulso en este circuito se puede variar desde 5% a 95%. Usado como un atenuador, este circuito controla la velocidad del motor según el ancho del pulso. Es una variación de un multivibrador mono-estable.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;
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&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiMYi-AQFjJhGbwDes37KU7-MfoSWk9dV2F6UHwvRIfqCA9j0q5AwcJaxIEru6KpJw6kTlkXsm3iMSniz-iCk6sOAwyLjzN6qJtpSCtJjIOV_Qik1ZLmFjdIsPsls3tG7bsQ3zKstLYyC8/s1600/circuito+mono.png&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiMYi-AQFjJhGbwDes37KU7-MfoSWk9dV2F6UHwvRIfqCA9j0q5AwcJaxIEru6KpJw6kTlkXsm3iMSniz-iCk6sOAwyLjzN6qJtpSCtJjIOV_Qik1ZLmFjdIsPsls3tG7bsQ3zKstLYyC8/s320/circuito+mono.png&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;y sus ecuaciones son:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;
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&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;t1 = ln(2)(R1+R2)*C ; t2 = ln(2)(R2)*C&amp;nbsp;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;ln(2) ≈ 0.693... ; T = t1+t2&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
luego&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;T= 0.693*C*(R1+2*R2)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
y su frecuencia es&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;f=1/T&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
para efectos de cálculo vamos a asumir que los diodos son ideales y no tiene perdida.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEizANJ4EIcc0_ujwQk3rdJYaJ3hVBu_6FgpI4Q6csyCnTJcGZThBQ1YgGlsvTL4YstgqgrNdIFpJnGbI282P8DhQ8bdLDHx3chgBx7e7fXW8lOFlhyZzZGuBuMdRBiJAXti3zHyzhQTddA/s1600/Carga+y+descarga.png&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEizANJ4EIcc0_ujwQk3rdJYaJ3hVBu_6FgpI4Q6csyCnTJcGZThBQ1YgGlsvTL4YstgqgrNdIFpJnGbI282P8DhQ8bdLDHx3chgBx7e7fXW8lOFlhyZzZGuBuMdRBiJAXti3zHyzhQTddA/s400/Carga+y+descarga.png&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
Gracias a los diodos la carga del condensador es a través de un diodo (Azul) y se descarga a través del otro(Amarillo), luego si el potenciometro lo definimos como A+B=50k ohm.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
Cuando cargue sera a través de la parte A del potenciometro y cuando descargue sera a traves de la parte B del mismo potenciometro.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
entonces si planteamos las ecuaciones de carga y descarga seran:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;t1 = 0.693*(1K+A)*0.1uF  ;  t2 = 0.693*B*0.1uF&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
Y  &lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;T = 0.693*(1K+A+B)*0.1uF&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;  =&amp;gt; &lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;T = 0.693*(1K+50K)*0.1uF  = 3.53ms&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
su frecuencia &lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;f = 1/T =&amp;gt; 282.9 Hz&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
bien estos son los parámetros aproximados del oscilador.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhJamm5jNFEXYE1oBYf2Rv_HKfdn0oym0VsiFnXUJUNQ3MfQ0Klgw53n3ajctv_3GPIMNt1HN5bT6o78QVN38-Hrz9lNGQdRjVah09dvrv-RSfvDM36ZYjsOm8DgArS46uWf6AyHN74Bn8/s1600/circuito+1.png&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhJamm5jNFEXYE1oBYf2Rv_HKfdn0oym0VsiFnXUJUNQ3MfQ0Klgw53n3ajctv_3GPIMNt1HN5bT6o78QVN38-Hrz9lNGQdRjVah09dvrv-RSfvDM36ZYjsOm8DgArS46uWf6AyHN74Bn8/s640/circuito+1.png&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
Este circuito regula la velocidad a través de la potencia del motor que depende de la anchura de pulso que varia aprox. de un 3%( baja potencia / velocidad) a 97% (mayor potencia / velocidad) y se pregunta ¿porque no de 0 a 100%? pues parte del voltaje perdido en los diodos hace imposible llegar a estos valores.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Bien vamos a ver un vídeo de la simulación.&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;iframe allowfullscreen=&#39;allowfullscreen&#39; webkitallowfullscreen=&#39;webkitallowfullscreen&#39; mozallowfullscreen=&#39;mozallowfullscreen&#39; width=&#39;420&#39; height=&#39;266&#39; src=&#39;https://www.youtube.com/embed/kiOUQvrPpvc?feature=player_embedded&#39; frameborder=&#39;0&#39;&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
La principal desventaja de este circuito, como todos los circuitos de PWM, es la posibilidad de generar interferencias de radio frecuencia (RFI). Se puede reducir cambiando el condensador y agregando Filtros de linea.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
Publicare un vídeo con el circuito montado en protoboard, hasta la próxima...&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;http://electrocirc.blogspot.com/2012/04/control-de-velocidad-por-ancho-de-pulso.html&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Ver Circuito en protoboard&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://electrocirc.blogspot.com/feeds/4016067820579738265/comments/default' title='Enviar comentarios'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://electrocirc.blogspot.com/2012/04/controlar-velocidad-de-motor-dc-por.html#comment-form' title='32 comentarios'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3858389475946132860/posts/default/4016067820579738265'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3858389475946132860/posts/default/4016067820579738265'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://electrocirc.blogspot.com/2012/04/controlar-velocidad-de-motor-dc-por.html' title='Controlar velocidad de motor DC por ancho de pulso (PWM).'/><author><name>Unknown</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjcgiE-jvsAkjMxBGbNHAIGZiW3_TCrSLL_oCx0dT-l2PBFqK-oQF8kZHDFJmCsW22uyCBlTg89HHvsr4fDnQzxHjmC0Rwbsj2nUePzUOB0gwmcg1iizgVdN0gBq04OLKtvAyNSS9A2ffw/s72-c/PWM.png" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>32</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3858389475946132860.post-4570750637482429897</id><published>2012-04-06T13:06:00.000-04:30</published><updated>2012-04-06T13:06:56.163-04:30</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Motor CC"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Puente H"/><title type='text'>Puente H Practico protoboard.</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Bien este es el puente H propuesto montado en protoboard.
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;iframe allowfullscreen=&#39;allowfullscreen&#39; webkitallowfullscreen=&#39;webkitallowfullscreen&#39; mozallowfullscreen=&#39;mozallowfullscreen&#39; width=&#39;420&#39; height=&#39;266&#39; src=&#39;https://www.youtube.com/embed/iJBux30E4kw?feature=player_embedded&#39; frameborder=&#39;0&#39;&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Durante el montaje varios problemas ocurrieron para obtener el circuito deseado.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;li style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Un sistema de puente H&amp;nbsp;electrónico&amp;nbsp;con transistores no puede ser de un&amp;nbsp;único&amp;nbsp;tipo de transistores, a menos que la&amp;nbsp;alimentación&amp;nbsp;de control sea exactamente la misma del puente H en&amp;nbsp;cuestión,&amp;nbsp;es decir, si utilizamos una&amp;nbsp;alimentación&amp;nbsp;menor&amp;nbsp;para el control que la del puente H los transistores no polarizaran correctamente, si son todos del mismo tipo, una&amp;nbsp;solución&amp;nbsp;es una interfaz para lograr los correctos voltajes de&amp;nbsp;polarización ya sea con otros transistores, reles o optocopladores, nosotros usamos el mismo voltaje de&amp;nbsp;alimentación&amp;nbsp;para el control del puente h.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Para la&amp;nbsp;aplicación&amp;nbsp;de parada&amp;nbsp;rápida&amp;nbsp;(Fast-stop) los transistores que utilizamos en principio no fueron adecuados. la&amp;nbsp;razón&amp;nbsp;es que implantamos en principio con&amp;nbsp;Transistores&amp;nbsp;BJT pero estos poseen un VCE, es decir, una resistencia tipica entre el colector emisor que en principio no es alta, pero para&amp;nbsp;utilizar&amp;nbsp;correctamente esta&amp;nbsp;función&amp;nbsp;se debe aplicar un &quot;corto&quot; entre las escobillas del motor, la&amp;nbsp;solución&amp;nbsp;de este&amp;nbsp;problema&amp;nbsp;fue implantar los transistores de corte con MOSFET de Ron muy baja y el resultado fue el esperado.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;La&amp;nbsp;aplicación&amp;nbsp;de ese&amp;nbsp;circuito&amp;nbsp;es&amp;nbsp;automatización y robotica&amp;nbsp;entre otras.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Finalmente algunos consejos, si se planea controlar motores de alta&amp;nbsp;corriente&amp;nbsp;la mejor&amp;nbsp;opción&amp;nbsp;es con MOSFET ó IGBT. Para simples motores menores de 1A se puede utilizar BJT, y&amp;nbsp;sin duda usar transistores complementarios, es decir Tipo P y N, en los puentes para mejorar la&amp;nbsp;polarización&amp;nbsp;de ellos.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Gracias hasta la&amp;nbsp;próxima...&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://electrocirc.blogspot.com/feeds/4570750637482429897/comments/default' title='Enviar comentarios'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://electrocirc.blogspot.com/2012/04/puente-h-practico-protoboard.html#comment-form' title='0 comentarios'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3858389475946132860/posts/default/4570750637482429897'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3858389475946132860/posts/default/4570750637482429897'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://electrocirc.blogspot.com/2012/04/puente-h-practico-protoboard.html' title='Puente H Practico protoboard.'/><author><name>Unknown</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3858389475946132860.post-5138396335460050227</id><published>2012-03-25T22:25:00.001-04:30</published><updated>2017-04-18T10:17:36.015-04:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Motor CC"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Puente H"/><title type='text'></title><content type='html'>&lt;div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #3d85c6; font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Puente H para motores corriente continua.&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: #3d85c6; font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Para controlar motores mediante circuitos electrónicos es necesario el empleo de dispositivos especiales, para los motores de corriente continua (CC) algunos dispositivos empleados suelen ser bastantes costosos, una solución simple y practica es emplear una configuración especial que se llama puente H.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;El puente H gana su nombre por la mera configuración de componentes en forma de H, este permite a un motor eléctrico CC girar en ambos sentidos, adelante y atrás.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Un puente H se construye con 4 interruptores (mecánicos o con semi-conductores). Cuando los interruptores S1 y S4 (figura 1) están cerrados (y S2 y S3 abiertos) se aplica una tensión positiva en el motor, haciéndolo girar en un sentido. Abriendo los interruptores S1 y S4 (y cerrando S2 y S3), el voltaje se invierte, permitiendo el giro en sentido inverso del motor.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiepqMgnNhpsuJKsKK5H847OFEmSd19eUPrYvgw7Pp7VNn8bdxtBZAPJetYHexXqYIfBOOhELeH1liVlvDHodjIYsJ2NtZYp110px6usJMzmkie5UrxF-IMNBoGdTykgNSQajbdaDhT6rc/s1600/TODOS.png&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;166&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiepqMgnNhpsuJKsKK5H847OFEmSd19eUPrYvgw7Pp7VNn8bdxtBZAPJetYHexXqYIfBOOhELeH1liVlvDHodjIYsJ2NtZYp110px6usJMzmkie5UrxF-IMNBoGdTykgNSQajbdaDhT6rc/s640/TODOS.png&quot; width=&quot;640&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #3d85c6; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;En la imagen un puente H&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;típico&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;, y los cambios de giro al aplicar los diferentes&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;conmutadores&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Como ya se menciono el puente H se usa para invertir el giro de un motor, pero también puede usarse para frenarlo (de manera brusca), al hacer un corto entre las bornes del motor, o incluso puede usarse para permitir que el motor frene bajo su propia inercia, cuando desconectamos el motor de la fuente que lo alimenta. En el siguiente cuadro se resumen las diferentes acciones.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;b id=&quot;internal-source-marker_0.16878471872769296&quot; style=&quot;text-align: -webkit-auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;table style=&quot;border-bottom-style: none; border-collapse: collapse; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial;&quot;&gt;&lt;colgroup&gt;&lt;col width=&quot;39&quot;&gt;&lt;/col&gt;&lt;col width=&quot;40&quot;&gt;&lt;/col&gt;&lt;col width=&quot;39&quot;&gt;&lt;/col&gt;&lt;col width=&quot;40&quot;&gt;&lt;/col&gt;&lt;col width=&quot;233&quot;&gt;&lt;/col&gt;&lt;/colgroup&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr style=&quot;height: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #c9daf8; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: dotted; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: dotted; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: dotted; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: dotted; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-left: 3px; padding-right: 3px; padding-top: 3px; vertical-align: middle;&quot;&gt;&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;; font-size: 15px; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;S1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #c9daf8; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: dotted; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: dotted; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: dotted; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: dotted; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-left: 3px; padding-right: 3px; padding-top: 3px; vertical-align: middle;&quot;&gt;&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;; font-size: 15px; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;S2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #c9daf8; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: dotted; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: dotted; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: dotted; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: dotted; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-left: 3px; padding-right: 3px; padding-top: 3px; vertical-align: middle;&quot;&gt;&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;; font-size: 15px; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;S3&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #c9daf8; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: dotted; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: dotted; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: dotted; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: dotted; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-left: 3px; padding-right: 3px; padding-top: 3px; vertical-align: middle;&quot;&gt;&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;; font-size: 15px; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;S4&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #c9daf8; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: dotted; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: dotted; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: dotted; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: dotted; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-left: 3px; padding-right: 3px; padding-top: 3px; vertical-align: middle;&quot;&gt;&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;; font-size: 15px; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;Resultado&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style=&quot;height: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: dotted; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: dotted; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: dotted; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: dotted; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-left: 3px; padding-right: 3px; padding-top: 3px; vertical-align: middle;&quot;&gt;&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;; font-size: 15px; font-weight: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: dotted; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: dotted; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: dotted; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: dotted; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-left: 3px; padding-right: 3px; padding-top: 3px; vertical-align: middle;&quot;&gt;&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;; font-size: 15px; font-weight: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: dotted; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: dotted; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: dotted; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: dotted; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-left: 3px; padding-right: 3px; padding-top: 3px; vertical-align: middle;&quot;&gt;&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;; font-size: 15px; font-weight: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: dotted; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: dotted; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: dotted; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: dotted; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-left: 3px; padding-right: 3px; padding-top: 3px; vertical-align: middle;&quot;&gt;&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;; font-size: 15px; font-weight: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: dotted; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: dotted; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: dotted; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: dotted; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-left: 3px; padding-right: 3px; padding-top: 3px; vertical-align: middle;&quot;&gt;&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;; font-size: 15px; font-weight: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;El motor se detiene por inercia&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style=&quot;height: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: dotted; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: dotted; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: dotted; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: dotted; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-left: 3px; padding-right: 3px; padding-top: 3px; vertical-align: middle;&quot;&gt;&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;; font-size: 15px; font-weight: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: dotted; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: dotted; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: dotted; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: dotted; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-left: 3px; padding-right: 3px; padding-top: 3px; vertical-align: middle;&quot;&gt;&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;; font-size: 15px; font-weight: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: dotted; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: dotted; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: dotted; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: dotted; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-left: 3px; padding-right: 3px; padding-top: 3px; vertical-align: middle;&quot;&gt;&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;; font-size: 15px; font-weight: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: dotted; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: dotted; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: dotted; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: dotted; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-left: 3px; padding-right: 3px; padding-top: 3px; vertical-align: middle;&quot;&gt;&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;; font-size: 15px; font-weight: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: dotted; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: dotted; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: dotted; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: dotted; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-left: 3px; padding-right: 3px; padding-top: 3px; vertical-align: middle;&quot;&gt;&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;; font-size: 15px; font-weight: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;El motor gira en atrás&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style=&quot;height: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: dotted; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: dotted; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: dotted; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: dotted; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-left: 3px; padding-right: 3px; padding-top: 3px; vertical-align: middle;&quot;&gt;&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;; font-size: 15px; font-weight: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: dotted; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: dotted; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: dotted; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: dotted; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-left: 3px; padding-right: 3px; padding-top: 3px; vertical-align: middle;&quot;&gt;&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;; font-size: 15px; font-weight: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: dotted; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: dotted; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: dotted; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: dotted; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-left: 3px; padding-right: 3px; padding-top: 3px; vertical-align: middle;&quot;&gt;&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;; font-size: 15px; font-weight: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: dotted; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: dotted; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: dotted; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: dotted; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-left: 3px; padding-right: 3px; padding-top: 3px; vertical-align: middle;&quot;&gt;&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;; font-size: 15px; font-weight: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: dotted; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: dotted; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: dotted; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: dotted; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-left: 3px; padding-right: 3px; padding-top: 3px; vertical-align: middle;&quot;&gt;&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;; font-size: 15px; font-weight: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;El motor gira en adelante &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style=&quot;height: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: dotted; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: dotted; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: dotted; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: dotted; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-left: 3px; padding-right: 3px; padding-top: 3px; vertical-align: middle;&quot;&gt;&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;; font-size: 15px; font-weight: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: dotted; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: dotted; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: dotted; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: dotted; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-left: 3px; padding-right: 3px; padding-top: 3px; vertical-align: middle;&quot;&gt;&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;; font-size: 15px; font-weight: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: dotted; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: dotted; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: dotted; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: dotted; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-left: 3px; padding-right: 3px; padding-top: 3px; vertical-align: middle;&quot;&gt;&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;; font-size: 15px; font-weight: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: dotted; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: dotted; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: dotted; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: dotted; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-left: 3px; padding-right: 3px; padding-top: 3px; vertical-align: middle;&quot;&gt;&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;; font-size: 15px; font-weight: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: dotted; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: dotted; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: dotted; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: dotted; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-left: 3px; padding-right: 3px; padding-top: 3px; vertical-align: middle;&quot;&gt;&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;; font-size: 15px; font-weight: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;El motor frena (fast-stop)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;En este tipo de circuitos es emplear interruptores electrónicos (como Transistores, IGBT), por su durabilidad y velocidad de conmutación. Además los interruptores electrónicos se acompañan de diodos (conectados a ellos en paralelo) por lo general de alta velocidad y que permiten a las corrientes circular en sentido inverso, para evitar la corrientes inversas producto de cambio de giro y parado del motor. una implementación típica en la figura siguiente.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhW-O2qc2l0ZLy75NoR6n35ef7M6xElaDnjyCxqZ4ypfhG5rKpUwLkvb-_Gh6JidXOo_RxttaXrIX1WyaHf8IRPVZ62i3EupMUnLbJ4790m8KD1mR8jI3-z0k8oHZr0E33UJBfTHH7r9uo/s1600/transistor+full.png&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;241&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhW-O2qc2l0ZLy75NoR6n35ef7M6xElaDnjyCxqZ4ypfhG5rKpUwLkvb-_Gh6JidXOo_RxttaXrIX1WyaHf8IRPVZ62i3EupMUnLbJ4790m8KD1mR8jI3-z0k8oHZr0E33UJBfTHH7r9uo/s640/transistor+full.png&quot; width=&quot;640&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;tr-caption&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #3d85c6; font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Puente H con transistores&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;Existen variaciones de este circuito, transistores Fet, Mosfet, Reles, arreglos Darlington, etc. pero en general la funcionalidad y el concepto&amp;nbsp;básico&amp;nbsp;es el mismo. S&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;in&amp;nbsp;embargo&amp;nbsp;es&amp;nbsp;necesario&amp;nbsp;conectar la base de dos transistores a la vez para lograr la correcta&amp;nbsp;conmutación&amp;nbsp;un a mejor&amp;nbsp;aproximación&amp;nbsp;sera.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjV23oHI8OE-b3e6LCFl-djvYKXEAoCpaHLArLh5qlLGT1THwP0c2vi0fFHJYXAmEEjtFkZUS9v-fEHYRvzOd-QVkgF4MgTukD4hx-7QAdZtqiJICPxYGt24q9OWf1iwzoYtR2Yxt1WkKE/s1600/arreglo.png&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;340&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjV23oHI8OE-b3e6LCFl-djvYKXEAoCpaHLArLh5qlLGT1THwP0c2vi0fFHJYXAmEEjtFkZUS9v-fEHYRvzOd-QVkgF4MgTukD4hx-7QAdZtqiJICPxYGt24q9OWf1iwzoYtR2Yxt1WkKE/s640/arreglo.png&quot; width=&quot;640&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;tr-caption&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #3d85c6; font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Circuito propuesto para el control&amp;nbsp;básico.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Si bien el puente H funciona correctamente es necesario eliminar algunas combinaciones no deseadas o mejor prohibidas, por&amp;nbsp;protección&amp;nbsp;de los motores o los dispositivos de&amp;nbsp;conmutación&amp;nbsp;una caso&amp;nbsp;típico&amp;nbsp;que puede ocurrir es por ejemplo, que ocurre si se activan los conmutadores Q1 y Q3 al mismo tiempo.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhzhAcZrNvFnbQTHfBS81QD63oWsnIRGSO792Y4xkK1iFBWpSWF6VEDRHQ2Mshp0SzPyskCx8O-yWU11MkF_4DfsmU8SrywTI9JggUiJh8vZSh-Izbtcxxv5Hx_lmtMRJSSLieo0p7tQuc/s1600/corto.png&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;236&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhzhAcZrNvFnbQTHfBS81QD63oWsnIRGSO792Y4xkK1iFBWpSWF6VEDRHQ2Mshp0SzPyskCx8O-yWU11MkF_4DfsmU8SrywTI9JggUiJh8vZSh-Izbtcxxv5Hx_lmtMRJSSLieo0p7tQuc/s640/corto.png&quot; width=&quot;640&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;La corriente circula sin carga como consecuencia los conmutadores se dañan y posiblemente los diodos de&amp;nbsp;protección.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Bien, para lograr solucionar&amp;nbsp;este problema&amp;nbsp;se debe diseñar&amp;nbsp;un circuito combinacional (compuertas&amp;nbsp;lógicas)&amp;nbsp;para anular e incluir funcionalidades al controlador dado que la&amp;nbsp;combinación&amp;nbsp;de Fast-stop. no esta implementada de manera&amp;nbsp;sencilla, y para economizar en señales de control.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;table style=&quot;border-bottom-style: none; border-collapse: collapse; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;colgroup&gt;&lt;col width=&quot;38&quot;&gt;&lt;/col&gt;&lt;col width=&quot;38&quot;&gt;&lt;/col&gt;&lt;col width=&quot;24&quot;&gt;&lt;/col&gt;&lt;col width=&quot;38&quot;&gt;&lt;/col&gt;&lt;col width=&quot;39&quot;&gt;&lt;/col&gt;&lt;col width=&quot;38&quot;&gt;&lt;/col&gt;&lt;col width=&quot;39&quot;&gt;&lt;/col&gt;&lt;col width=&quot;232&quot;&gt;&lt;/col&gt;&lt;/colgroup&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr style=&quot;height: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #c9daf8; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: dotted; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: dotted; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: dotted; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: dotted; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 7px; padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; padding-top: 7px; vertical-align: middle;&quot;&gt;&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;; font-size: 15px; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;A&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #c9daf8; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: dotted; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: dotted; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: dotted; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: dotted; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 7px; padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; padding-top: 7px; vertical-align: middle;&quot;&gt;&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;; font-size: 15px; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;B&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: dotted; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: dotted; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: dotted; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: dotted; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 7px; padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; padding-top: 7px; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;; font-size: 11px; font-weight: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #c9daf8; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: dotted; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: dotted; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: dotted; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: dotted; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-left: 3px; padding-right: 3px; padding-top: 3px; vertical-align: middle;&quot;&gt;&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;; font-size: 15px; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;S1&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #c9daf8; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: dotted; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: dotted; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: dotted; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: dotted; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-left: 3px; padding-right: 3px; padding-top: 3px; vertical-align: middle;&quot;&gt;&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;; font-size: 15px; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;S2&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #c9daf8; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: dotted; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: dotted; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: dotted; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: dotted; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-left: 3px; padding-right: 3px; padding-top: 3px; vertical-align: middle;&quot;&gt;&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;; font-size: 15px; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;S3&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #c9daf8; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: dotted; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: dotted; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: dotted; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: dotted; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-left: 3px; padding-right: 3px; padding-top: 3px; vertical-align: middle;&quot;&gt;&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;; font-size: 15px; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;S4&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #c9daf8; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: dotted; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: dotted; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: dotted; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: dotted; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-left: 3px; padding-right: 3px; padding-top: 3px; vertical-align: middle;&quot;&gt;&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;; font-size: 15px; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Resultado&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style=&quot;height: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: dotted; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: dotted; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: dotted; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: dotted; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 7px; padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; padding-top: 7px; vertical-align: middle;&quot;&gt;&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;; font-size: 15px; font-weight: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: dotted; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: dotted; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: dotted; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: dotted; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 7px; padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; padding-top: 7px; vertical-align: middle;&quot;&gt;&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;; font-size: 15px; font-weight: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: dotted; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: dotted; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: dotted; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: dotted; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 7px; padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; padding-top: 7px; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;; font-size: 11px; font-weight: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: dotted; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: dotted; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: dotted; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: dotted; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-left: 3px; padding-right: 3px; padding-top: 3px; vertical-align: middle;&quot;&gt;&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;; font-size: 15px; font-weight: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: dotted; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: dotted; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: dotted; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: dotted; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-left: 3px; padding-right: 3px; padding-top: 3px; vertical-align: middle;&quot;&gt;&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;; font-size: 15px; font-weight: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: dotted; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: dotted; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: dotted; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: dotted; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-left: 3px; padding-right: 3px; padding-top: 3px; vertical-align: middle;&quot;&gt;&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;; font-size: 15px; font-weight: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: dotted; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: dotted; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: dotted; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: dotted; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-left: 3px; padding-right: 3px; padding-top: 3px; vertical-align: middle;&quot;&gt;&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;; font-size: 15px; font-weight: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: dotted; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: dotted; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: dotted; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: dotted; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-left: 3px; padding-right: 3px; padding-top: 3px; vertical-align: middle;&quot;&gt;&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;; font-size: 15px; font-weight: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;El motor se detiene por inercia&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style=&quot;height: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: dotted; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: dotted; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: dotted; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: dotted; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 7px; padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; padding-top: 7px; vertical-align: middle;&quot;&gt;&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;; font-size: 15px; font-weight: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: dotted; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: dotted; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: dotted; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: dotted; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 7px; padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; padding-top: 7px; vertical-align: middle;&quot;&gt;&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;; font-size: 15px; font-weight: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: dotted; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: dotted; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: dotted; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: dotted; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 7px; padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; padding-top: 7px; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;; font-size: 11px; font-weight: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: dotted; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: dotted; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: dotted; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: dotted; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-left: 3px; padding-right: 3px; padding-top: 3px; vertical-align: middle;&quot;&gt;&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;; font-size: 15px; font-weight: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: dotted; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: dotted; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: dotted; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: dotted; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-left: 3px; padding-right: 3px; padding-top: 3px; vertical-align: middle;&quot;&gt;&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;; font-size: 15px; font-weight: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: dotted; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: dotted; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: dotted; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: dotted; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-left: 3px; padding-right: 3px; padding-top: 3px; vertical-align: middle;&quot;&gt;&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;; font-size: 15px; font-weight: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: dotted; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: dotted; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: dotted; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: dotted; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-left: 3px; padding-right: 3px; padding-top: 3px; vertical-align: middle;&quot;&gt;&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;; font-size: 15px; font-weight: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: dotted; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: dotted; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: dotted; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: dotted; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-left: 3px; padding-right: 3px; padding-top: 3px; vertical-align: middle;&quot;&gt;&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;; font-size: 15px; font-weight: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;El motor gira en atrás&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style=&quot;height: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: dotted; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: dotted; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: dotted; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: dotted; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 7px; padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; padding-top: 7px; vertical-align: middle;&quot;&gt;&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;; font-size: 15px; font-weight: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: dotted; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: dotted; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: dotted; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: dotted; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 7px; padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; padding-top: 7px; vertical-align: middle;&quot;&gt;&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;; font-size: 15px; font-weight: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: dotted; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: dotted; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: dotted; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: dotted; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 7px; padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; padding-top: 7px; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;; font-size: 11px; font-weight: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: dotted; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: dotted; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: dotted; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: dotted; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-left: 3px; padding-right: 3px; padding-top: 3px; vertical-align: middle;&quot;&gt;&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;; font-size: 15px; font-weight: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: dotted; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: dotted; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: dotted; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: dotted; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-left: 3px; padding-right: 3px; padding-top: 3px; vertical-align: middle;&quot;&gt;&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;; font-size: 15px; font-weight: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: dotted; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: dotted; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: dotted; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: dotted; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-left: 3px; padding-right: 3px; padding-top: 3px; vertical-align: middle;&quot;&gt;&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;; font-size: 15px; font-weight: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: dotted; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: dotted; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: dotted; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: dotted; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-left: 3px; padding-right: 3px; padding-top: 3px; vertical-align: middle;&quot;&gt;&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;; font-size: 15px; font-weight: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: dotted; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: dotted; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: dotted; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: dotted; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-left: 3px; padding-right: 3px; padding-top: 3px; vertical-align: middle;&quot;&gt;&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;; font-size: 15px; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;El motor gira en adelante&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 15px; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style=&quot;height: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: dotted; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: dotted; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: dotted; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: dotted; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 7px; padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; padding-top: 7px; vertical-align: middle;&quot;&gt;&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;; font-size: 15px; font-weight: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: dotted; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: dotted; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: dotted; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: dotted; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 7px; padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; padding-top: 7px; vertical-align: middle;&quot;&gt;&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;; font-size: 15px; font-weight: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: dotted; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: dotted; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: dotted; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: dotted; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 7px; padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; padding-top: 7px; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;; font-size: 11px; font-weight: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: dotted; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: dotted; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: dotted; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: dotted; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-left: 3px; padding-right: 3px; padding-top: 3px; vertical-align: middle;&quot;&gt;&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;; font-size: 15px; font-weight: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: dotted; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: dotted; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: dotted; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: dotted; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-left: 3px; padding-right: 3px; padding-top: 3px; vertical-align: middle;&quot;&gt;&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;; font-size: 15px; font-weight: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: dotted; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: dotted; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: dotted; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: dotted; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-left: 3px; padding-right: 3px; padding-top: 3px; vertical-align: middle;&quot;&gt;&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;; font-size: 15px; font-weight: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: dotted; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: dotted; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: dotted; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: dotted; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-left: 3px; padding-right: 3px; padding-top: 3px; vertical-align: middle;&quot;&gt;&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;; font-size: 15px; font-weight: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: dotted; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: dotted; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: dotted; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: dotted; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-left: 3px; padding-right: 3px; padding-top: 3px; vertical-align: middle;&quot;&gt;&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;; font-size: 15px; font-weight: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;El motor frena (fast-stop)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;b id=&quot;internal-source-marker_0.7064568281639367&quot; style=&quot;text-align: -webkit-auto;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/b&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Esta tabla muestra el conjunto de&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;salidas&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;deseadas. y por&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;supuesto&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;eliminando y agregando las funcionalidades extras. se observa que cumple todas las combinaciones posibles y sus respectivas salidas.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;La ecuaciones son:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgSS5lwLCUzXmXT4_QJa2q4gPSG2eCpigUOo4jZtcKrL90WirOEhY6yHOui8UEZ8kZUAPTtY2MU_D5yv9BWarepJmHMDSgvnSPkEdERPp7MpQtoBz3AS6mugDpj4WNq-bnkuJzQg7nz4Ys/s1600/EQU1.gif&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgSS5lwLCUzXmXT4_QJa2q4gPSG2eCpigUOo4jZtcKrL90WirOEhY6yHOui8UEZ8kZUAPTtY2MU_D5yv9BWarepJmHMDSgvnSPkEdERPp7MpQtoBz3AS6mugDpj4WNq-bnkuJzQg7nz4Ys/s1600/EQU1.gif&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;implantando&amp;nbsp;con compuertas NOR&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgmx2j07b-g4ekeJcGZ7v6Ni2Qk5_rbAT7cvB_6HEFJshxWqokwmkNJvYs8uaqnlCgsHGXIwITdoERerp80skB30Li_BnBrs5RBPotE_XC4LqyFI4SlHq2NQKQGmQ5qIj_TOf_kQ91bp2Q/s1600/EQU2.gif&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgmx2j07b-g4ekeJcGZ7v6Ni2Qk5_rbAT7cvB_6HEFJshxWqokwmkNJvYs8uaqnlCgsHGXIwITdoERerp80skB30Li_BnBrs5RBPotE_XC4LqyFI4SlHq2NQKQGmQ5qIj_TOf_kQ91bp2Q/s1600/EQU2.gif&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;Implantadas&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;solo con compuertas NOR se observa en el siguiente diagrama.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;table align=&quot;center&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; class=&quot;tr-caption-container&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhuF09yRRE9CWTs_KwtvR2WJOC-XCvB4t_RLB3SzqTg1Q124D9fzAkGoQVMAgLZhqKKyTpiGn6qgyJrWDyZcMP0hmPGs1jLLoezJW30b3X8YccZ6kBzwrqw6JkJR6Kq90oVKdeTWfrJmOA/s1600/combi1.png&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;342&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhuF09yRRE9CWTs_KwtvR2WJOC-XCvB4t_RLB3SzqTg1Q124D9fzAkGoQVMAgLZhqKKyTpiGn6qgyJrWDyZcMP0hmPGs1jLLoezJW30b3X8YccZ6kBzwrqw6JkJR6Kq90oVKdeTWfrJmOA/s640/combi1.png&quot; width=&quot;640&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;tr-caption&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #3d85c6; font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Implantación&amp;nbsp;con compuertas NOR.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;De esta forma&amp;nbsp;discriminamos&amp;nbsp;las&amp;nbsp;combinaciones&amp;nbsp;como S1-S3 y S2-S4, indeseadas y agregamos las que requerimos como el fast stop S1-S2.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Nota: se&amp;nbsp;implanta&amp;nbsp;solo con&amp;nbsp;compuertas&amp;nbsp;NOR, pero es posible hacerlo con otro tipo de compuertas, como por ejemplo una&amp;nbsp;implantación&amp;nbsp;solo con compuertas NAND y otra forma con inversores y&amp;nbsp;compuertas AND.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;La&amp;nbsp;razón&amp;nbsp;especifica&amp;nbsp;de implantar con compuertas NOR es que solo se utilizará un IC que contiene internamente 4 compuertas NOR por ejemplo TTL 74LS02 o&amp;nbsp;similar.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;El nuevo circuito incluyendo el control es el siguiente.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;table align=&quot;center&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; class=&quot;tr-caption-container&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi2nJhvCgPFfx3-dEjv02LO9-yTCffl0siJuiUvHumw_WC98QYdPKAS8SxMkuK1u1LTSU8KctLEOoEzsXkwgn8ieMmfLbv5IxsSd6lPX5MEwW14lWic-3aLirNYyHmNV3bVJbz1Pv7dBHQ/s1600/phfinal.png&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #3d85c6; font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;212&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi2nJhvCgPFfx3-dEjv02LO9-yTCffl0siJuiUvHumw_WC98QYdPKAS8SxMkuK1u1LTSU8KctLEOoEzsXkwgn8ieMmfLbv5IxsSd6lPX5MEwW14lWic-3aLirNYyHmNV3bVJbz1Pv7dBHQ/s640/phfinal.png&quot; width=&quot;640&quot; /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;tr-caption&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #3d85c6; font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Puente H con Control de giro, parada&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #3d85c6; font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;rápid&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #3d85c6; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;a&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #3d85c6; font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #3d85c6; font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Y finalmente tenemos un circuito de control de motores CC bastante completo para cualquier&amp;nbsp;aplicación. a&amp;nbsp;continuación&amp;nbsp;un&amp;nbsp;vídeo&amp;nbsp;de la&amp;nbsp;simulación&amp;nbsp;del circuito propuesto.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;iframe allowfullscreen=&#39;allowfullscreen&#39; webkitallowfullscreen=&#39;webkitallowfullscreen&#39; mozallowfullscreen=&#39;mozallowfullscreen&#39; width=&#39;420&#39; height=&#39;262&#39; src=&#39;https://www.youtube.com/embed/HuB2wsh2snY?feature=player_embedded&#39; frameborder=&#39;0&#39;&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;En una&amp;nbsp;próxima&amp;nbsp;entrada montaremos en protoboard el diseño para controlar un pequeño motor CC.&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://electrocirc.blogspot.com/2012/04/puente-h-practico-protoboard.html&quot;&gt;Montaje Proto.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Nos vemos...&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://electrocirc.blogspot.com/feeds/5138396335460050227/comments/default' title='Enviar comentarios'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://electrocirc.blogspot.com/2012/03/puente-h-para-motores-corriente-continua.html#comment-form' title='8 comentarios'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3858389475946132860/posts/default/5138396335460050227'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3858389475946132860/posts/default/5138396335460050227'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://electrocirc.blogspot.com/2012/03/puente-h-para-motores-corriente-continua.html' title=''/><author><name>Unknown</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiepqMgnNhpsuJKsKK5H847OFEmSd19eUPrYvgw7Pp7VNn8bdxtBZAPJetYHexXqYIfBOOhELeH1liVlvDHodjIYsJ2NtZYp110px6usJMzmkie5UrxF-IMNBoGdTykgNSQajbdaDhT6rc/s72-c/TODOS.png" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>8</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3858389475946132860.post-5862398843143433785</id><published>2012-03-18T16:36:00.002-04:30</published><updated>2012-03-18T16:52:53.836-04:30</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Cursos"/><title type='text'>Curso 6.002 del MIT, Introducción a la abstracción de componentes agrupados</title><content type='html'>&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;En este video, del&amp;nbsp;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #222222; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;Prof. Anant Agarwal, se hace una muy buena introducción a la Ingenieria Electrica en general, se los recomiendo.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;embed allowfullscreen=&quot;true&quot; allowscriptaccess=&quot;always&quot; flashvars=&quot;file=http://www.youtube.com/v/AfQxyVuLeCs&quot; height=&quot;325&quot; id=&quot;player1&quot; name=&quot;player1&quot; src=&quot;http://ocw.mit.edu/jw-player-free/player.swf&quot; width=&quot;530&quot;&gt;&lt;/embed&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://electrocirc.blogspot.com/feeds/5862398843143433785/comments/default' title='Enviar comentarios'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://electrocirc.blogspot.com/2012/03/blog-post.html#comment-form' title='0 comentarios'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3858389475946132860/posts/default/5862398843143433785'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3858389475946132860/posts/default/5862398843143433785'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://electrocirc.blogspot.com/2012/03/blog-post.html' title='Curso 6.002 del MIT, Introducción a la abstracción de componentes agrupados'/><author><name>Ares</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/15396606005628037413</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3858389475946132860.post-2805164125590623455</id><published>2012-03-12T17:21:00.004-04:30</published><updated>2012-03-12T17:22:09.832-04:30</updated><title type='text'></title><content type='html'>&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhIlyo_-g2yNhChW1cx-4PQJWwKB0J91PxaLEC0HF-nYYldrt_N4FTvCAtlGLED1MyNWBnSbisYu8C_YrCjfafqJi0XiKHOJV4vIjLSdkhhlu0BPszIh1eF_xH0k396zIMyTw7FBAcEymM/s1600/EnConst.png&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;250&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhIlyo_-g2yNhChW1cx-4PQJWwKB0J91PxaLEC0HF-nYYldrt_N4FTvCAtlGLED1MyNWBnSbisYu8C_YrCjfafqJi0XiKHOJV4vIjLSdkhhlu0BPszIh1eF_xH0k396zIMyTw7FBAcEymM/s400/EnConst.png&quot; width=&quot;400&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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Estamos en&amp;nbsp;construcción&amp;nbsp;del Blog&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://electrocirc.blogspot.com/feeds/2805164125590623455/comments/default' title='Enviar comentarios'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://electrocirc.blogspot.com/2012/03/estamos-en-blog.html#comment-form' title='0 comentarios'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3858389475946132860/posts/default/2805164125590623455'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3858389475946132860/posts/default/2805164125590623455'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://electrocirc.blogspot.com/2012/03/estamos-en-blog.html' title=''/><author><name>Ares</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/15396606005628037413</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhIlyo_-g2yNhChW1cx-4PQJWwKB0J91PxaLEC0HF-nYYldrt_N4FTvCAtlGLED1MyNWBnSbisYu8C_YrCjfafqJi0XiKHOJV4vIjLSdkhhlu0BPszIh1eF_xH0k396zIMyTw7FBAcEymM/s72-c/EnConst.png" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3858389475946132860.post-5886721667712495112</id><published>2012-03-11T21:45:00.001-04:30</published><updated>2012-03-12T10:59:26.242-04:30</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="SMD"/><title type='text'>SMD</title><content type='html'>VISITEN NUESTRA PAGINA DE SMD&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgUc8xNn8Xvq5h0-FoWD6wW7TuGoNpphX92qdHFKTI1Oz4Gp-gmxYDnqNhBiRptoA9ka1PM_rRJ-ALp2WR4MxD_e-9i0HgpcpPh9OPR_TdZKyegNn0rvE7zU4DMd7SHkGwWEjNl0EbjUeA/s1600/images.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgUc8xNn8Xvq5h0-FoWD6wW7TuGoNpphX92qdHFKTI1Oz4Gp-gmxYDnqNhBiRptoA9ka1PM_rRJ-ALp2WR4MxD_e-9i0HgpcpPh9OPR_TdZKyegNn0rvE7zU4DMd7SHkGwWEjNl0EbjUeA/s1600/images.jpg&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;http://electrocirc.blogspot.com/p/montaje-superficial.html&quot;&gt;SMD&lt;/a&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://electrocirc.blogspot.com/feeds/5886721667712495112/comments/default' title='Enviar comentarios'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://electrocirc.blogspot.com/2012/03/visiten-nuestra-pagina-de-smd.html#comment-form' title='0 comentarios'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3858389475946132860/posts/default/5886721667712495112'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3858389475946132860/posts/default/5886721667712495112'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://electrocirc.blogspot.com/2012/03/visiten-nuestra-pagina-de-smd.html' title='SMD'/><author><name>Unknown</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgUc8xNn8Xvq5h0-FoWD6wW7TuGoNpphX92qdHFKTI1Oz4Gp-gmxYDnqNhBiRptoA9ka1PM_rRJ-ALp2WR4MxD_e-9i0HgpcpPh9OPR_TdZKyegNn0rvE7zU4DMd7SHkGwWEjNl0EbjUeA/s72-c/images.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3858389475946132860.post-1252949152713105070</id><published>2012-03-11T21:39:00.001-04:30</published><updated>2012-03-12T11:07:24.563-04:30</updated><title type='text'>Bienvenidos</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh03DHj95QMU8CLeULkEqOSpVCkHeSsZGvdA9zZbJNB3v6sTF0KpZAqBKhhPaP5zHDlsw8W8VAHynb4gYsO2lUYyTfbznmnCGyTS2IS9ksgVzugNhwa6Q7BvIOi14xhOSnbT5TaC-psJes/s1600/B.png&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;293&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh03DHj95QMU8CLeULkEqOSpVCkHeSsZGvdA9zZbJNB3v6sTF0KpZAqBKhhPaP5zHDlsw8W8VAHynb4gYsO2lUYyTfbznmnCGyTS2IS9ksgVzugNhwa6Q7BvIOi14xhOSnbT5TaC-psJes/s320/B.png&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Bienvenidos al blog del Angeleitor y Ares, donde hablaremos de electronica</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://electrocirc.blogspot.com/feeds/1252949152713105070/comments/default' title='Enviar comentarios'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://electrocirc.blogspot.com/2012/03/bienvenidos.html#comment-form' title='0 comentarios'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3858389475946132860/posts/default/1252949152713105070'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3858389475946132860/posts/default/1252949152713105070'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://electrocirc.blogspot.com/2012/03/bienvenidos.html' title='Bienvenidos'/><author><name>Ares</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/15396606005628037413</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh03DHj95QMU8CLeULkEqOSpVCkHeSsZGvdA9zZbJNB3v6sTF0KpZAqBKhhPaP5zHDlsw8W8VAHynb4gYsO2lUYyTfbznmnCGyTS2IS9ksgVzugNhwa6Q7BvIOi14xhOSnbT5TaC-psJes/s72-c/B.png" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry></feed>