ELECTROMEDICAL ENGINEER

KV REGULATOR

2011-03-28T09:38:00.000-07:00

KV REGULATOR

      In conventional x-ray equipments High voltage settings
    regulated by changes rotary switches which voltage source
    taken from the auto transformer then will be distributed
    to the primary transformer high voltage, but before entering
    primary high voltage transformer, voltage of KV regulator
    will be processed on the timer circuit and exposure circuit.
    In modern x-ray equipments (digital mode) the voltage

to KV regulators changer typically uses range of ADC

(Analog To Digital Converter) so that the voltage output

actually Precision.

X-RAY EQUIPMENT SYSTEM

2011-03-23T13:01:00.000-07:00

X-RAY EQUIPMENT SYSTEM

X-RAY EQUIPMENT BLOCK DIAGRAM

1.Voltage Input Regulator
X-ray machinePower supply begins are electric power , which is distributed in
     through the setting of primary autotrafo voltage regulator / compensator both
     major or minor.
     Autotrafo shape is similar to ordinary transformer, but the transformer is
     seldom found the primary winding and separate secondary, windings only
     single coil entwined in the iron core, but there are some terminal input
     voltage regulation and output voltage.
     Secondary / output from autotrafo will give suplay to all functions settings
     both KV settings, mA settings(via transformer filament), time
     irradiation settings (timer), etc.

AUTOTRAFO

AUTOTRAFO SCHEME

X-RAY HISTORY

2011-03-21T17:24:00.000-07:00

X-RAY HISTORY

X-ray the first time discovered by German physicist

who was name Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen in 1895.

Wilhelm Roentgen showed that the influence of cathode rays on a surface

to produce a type of radiation that can cause certain substances shines

at a certain distance from the cathode ray tube.

Because of its nature it is not known is called the X-ray

HTT (HIGH TENSION TRANSFORMER)

2011-03-19T19:20:00.000-07:00

HTT (HIGH TENSION TRANSFORMER)

Also called high-voltage transformer, where in principle, this transformer is a step up transformer
or transformer that serves to increase voltage value Kilo Volt (KV) which will distributed
to the x-ray tube through rectifier circuit in it (HTT Chamber).
Same as the tube housing HTT is being protected by high voltage oil that functions
as a coolant and insulator of stepping (spikes) of high voltage.
At HTT also have connectors for cable high voltage which will be connected
on x-ray tube between the anode and Cathode.

X-RAY TUBE

2011-03-18T07:54:00.000-07:00

X-RAY TUBE

X-Ray tube is where x-rays generated.
     On the x-ray tube there are some parts inside.
     a. Glass tube (glass envelope) is the tube made of glass and vacuum which
         containing FILAMENTS, ANODE and CATHODE.

b. Tube Housing is a place for protect the glass tube, also contains high

voltage oil and vacuum, to function as cooling and insulation of the

spike / high voltage stepping. On the monoblock tube x-ray type there are

also high voltage transformer inside the tube housing.Tube housings made

of metal material Pb coated.

And there in the middle hole as a place to exit the x-ray called WINDOW.

c. X-Ray Tube Type
          X-ray tubes were distinguished on
          - Fixed anode (Anode Fixed):
            Where is anoda not spinning.
            The advantages of this anode, electrons target do not move so x-rays

produced will be more sharply from the rotating anode.

        - Rotating anode :
            where is anoda on radiation will rotates.
            The advantages of this anode, the heat from the radiation on this anode is
            be evenly distributed on the anode material.

So that the age of x-ray tube will be much longer than with fixed anode.

EXAMINATION TABLE & COLLIMATOR

2011-03-16T10:23:00.000-07:00

EXAMINATION TABLE

This utility to put object / patient will be illuminated, also this place too placed cassette containing the film as a media to read the patients diagnosis .
Besides, the completeness of the table with the grid as filter for x-rays before the x-rays received on film.
The grid is is a slab of metal that contains Pb. (Lead) who lined up in parallel.
For the grid is not move called LYSOLM, moving grid is called Bucky.

COLLIMATOR

It is a window that can be adjusted in width that functions as a regulator of fields
radiation from x-rays.
Collimator is located below the tube window and facing the object to be illuminated

TUBE STAND

2011-03-14T13:52:00.000-07:00

TUBE STAND

Also called tube support is a pillar of that serves as a place of x-ray tube put this pole can be moved to the right and to the left also can perform advanced motion or backwards on the x-ray tube.

Tube stand also serves to high or low range settings tube that will be used for irradiation on the object.

CONTROL TABLE

2011-03-12T10:27:00.000-08:00

CONTROL TABLE

Also called control desk or a setting table that serves as a regulator of irradiation conditions, namely the settings:
a. Input voltage of electric is called Voltage Regulator / Voltage Compensation
b. High voltage which will provide inputs on the high voltage transformer is called KV settings
c. Flow tubes that will determine the current through the x-ray tube voltage settings through the filament transformer is called mA settings.
d. Time duration of exposure is called Second or S.

AUTOTRAFO

2011-03-10T10:07:00.000-08:00

AUTOTRAFO (Automatic Transformer).

Autotrafo shape is similar to regular transformer, but is rarely found on the transformer primary and secondary windings are separate, single coil windings only wound on an iron core, but there are some terminal settings input voltage and input voltage.
Transformer of this type consists of only one electric coil which continues, with the middle lead. In this transformer, partial primary windings is also a secondary winding. Phase current in the secondary windings are always opposed to the primary current, so for the same power tariff secondary windings can be made with a wire thinner than usual transformer. The advantage of autotransformator is a small physical size and lower loss than other types of two loops. But this type of transformer can not provide electrical isolation between the primary winding with the secondary windings.

BASIC X-RAY 1

2011-03-08T12:32:00.000-08:00

X-RAY DEFINITION

X-rays are a form of electromagnetic radiation, just like visible light. In a health care setting, a machines sends are individual x-ray particles, called photons. These particles pass through the body. A computer or special film is used to record the images that are created.

Structures that are dense (such as bone) will block most of the x-ray particles, and will appear white. Metal and contrast media (special dye used to highlight areas of the body) will also appear white. Structures containing air will be black and muscle, and fluid will appear as shades of gray.