elektronika itu tanpa batas^^

Car anti theft wireless alarm.

2010-12-09T23:31:00.000-08:00

This FM radio-controlled anti- theft alarm can be used with any vehicle having 6- to 12-volt DC supply system. The mini VHF, FM transmitter is fitted in the vehicle at night when it is parked in the car porch or car park. The receiver unit with CXA1019, a single IC-based FM radio module, which is freely available in the market at reasonable rate, is kept inside. Receiver is tuned to the transmitter's frequency. When the transmitter is on and the signals are being received by FM radio receiver, no hissing noise is available at the output of receiver.

Thus transistor T2 (BC548) does not conduct. This results in the relay driver transistor T3 getting its forward base bias via 10k resistor R5 and the relay gets energised. When an intruder tries to drive the car and takes it a few metres away from the car porch, the radio link between the car (transmitter) and alarm (receiver) is broken. As a result FM radio module gene-rates hissing noise. Hissing AC signals are coupled to relay switching circ- uit via audio transformer. These AC signals are rectified and filtered by diode D1 and capacitor C8, and the resulting positive DC voltage provides a forward bias to transistor T2. Thus transistor T2 conducts, and it pulls the base of relay driver transistor T3 to ground level. The relay thus gets de-activated and the alarm connected via N/C contacts of relay is switched on. If, by chance, the intruder finds out about the wireless alarm and disconnects the transmitter from battery, still remote alarm remains activated because in the absence of signal, the receiver continues to produce hissing noise at its output. So the burglar alarm is fool-proof and highly reliable.

Brakelight Flasher

2010-12-09T23:30:00.001-08:00

This is basically a flasher circuit modified to turn on and off a bulb instead of a LED. It uses a 555 timer IC working as an astable multivibrator. The flashing rate can be varied from very fast to a maximum of once in 1.5 sec by varying the preset VR1.
The ON time of the circuit is given by:
TON= 0.69xC1x(R1 + VR1) second

and the OFF time is:
TOFF= 0.69xC1xVR1 second

You can increase the value of C1 to 100uF to get a slower flashing rate of upto once in 10 sec.

4 in 1 Burglar Alarm

2010-12-09T23:18:00.000-08:00

In this circuit, the alarm will be switched on under the following four different conditions: 1. When light falls on LDR1 (at the entry to the premises). 2. When light falling on LDR2 is obstructed. 3. When door switches are opened or a wire is broken. 4. When a handle is touched. The light dependent resistor LDR1 should be placed in darkness near the door lock or handle etc. If an intruder flashes his torch, its light will fall on LDR1,

reducing the voltage drop across it and so also the voltage applied to trigger 1 (pin 6) of IC1. Thus transistor T2 will get forward biased and relay RL1 energise and operate the alarm. Sensitivity of LDR1 can be adjusted by varying preset VR1. LDR2 may be placed on one side of a corridor such that the beam of light from a light source always falls on it. When an intruder passes through the corridor, his shadow falls on LDR2. As a result voltage drop across LDR2 increases and pin 8 of IC1 goes low while output pin 9 of IC1 goes high. Transistor T2 gets switched on and the relay operates to set the alarm. The sensitivity of LDR2 can be adjusted by varying potentiometer VR2. A long but very thin wire may be connected between the points A and B or C and D across a window or a door. This long wire may even be used to lock or tie something. If anyone cuts or breaks this wire, the alarm will be switched on as pin 8 or 6 will go low. In place of the wire between points A and B or C and D door switches can be connected. These switches should be fixed on the door in such a way that when the door is closed the switch gets closed and when the door is open the switch remains open. If the switches or wire, are not used between these points, the points should be shorted. With the help of a wire, connect the touch point (P) with the handle of a door or some other suitable object made of conducting material. When one touches this handle or the other connected object, pin 6 of IC1 goes �low�. So the alarm and the relay gets switched on. Remember that the object connected to this touch point should be well insulated from ground. For good touch action, potentiometer VR3 should be properly adjusted. If potentiometer VR3 tapping is held more towards ground, the alarm will get switched on even without touching. In such a situation, the tapping should be raised. But the tapping point should not be raised too much as the touch action would then vanish. When you vary potentiometer VR1, re-adjust the sensitivity of the touch point with the help of potentiometer VR3 properly. If the alarm has a voltage rating of other than 6V (more than 6V), or if it draws a high current (more than 150 mA), connect it through the relay points as shown by the dotted lines. As a burglar alarm, battery backup is necessary for this circuit. Note: Electric sparking in the vicinity of this circuit may cause false triggering of the circuit. To avoid this adjust potentiometer VR3 properly.

Theft preventer alarm

2010-12-09T23:14:00.000-08:00

This circuit utilising a 555 timer IC can be used as an alarm system to prevent the theft of your luggage, burglars breaking into your house etc. The alarms goes ON when a thin wire, usually as thin as a hair is broken.
The circuit is straightforward. It uses a 555 IC wired as an astable multivibrator to produce a tone of frequency of about 1kHz which gives out a shrill noise to scare away the burglar.
The wire used to set off the alarm can be made of a thin copper wire like SWG 36 or higher.
You can even use single strands of copper form a power cable.

The circuit operates on a wide range of voltages from 5V to 15V.
The speaker and the circuit could be housed inside a tin can with holes drilled on the speaker side for the sound to come out.

AC to DC 90 Watt Switching Power Adaptor

2010-12-01T05:57:00.001-08:00

AC to DC switching power adaptor circuit with maximum output power of 90W. Switching power supply is built using a high voltage power switching regulator IC MC33374 and some other additional components. The MC33374 IC is a monolithic high voltage power switching regulators that are specially designed to operate directly from a rectified AC line source, and in flyback converter applications.
The MC33374 switching power adaptor combines the required converter functions with a unique programmable state controller. At various variable AC inputs, it is capable of serving up to 6 A current at 15V output voltage. This switching power adaptor is capable of providing an output power in excess of 150W with a fixed AC input of 100V, 115V, or 230V, and in excess of 90 W with a variable AC input that ranges from 85V to 265V.

13.8V 40A Switching Power Supply By LM3524 and LM324

2010-12-01T05:35:00.000-08:00

This article was originally published (in a slightly modified form) in the QST magazine, December 1998 and January 1999, and in the Radio Amateur’s Handbook, 1999. Visit the American Radio Relay League for information on these publications, and a world of ham radio related things!

Design decisions
There are several different topologies for switchers in common use, and the first decision a designer must take is which of them to consider. Among the factors affecting the decision are the power level, the number of outputs needed, the range of input voltage to be accepted, the desired tradeoff between complexity, quality and cost, and many more. For this power supply I decided to use the half bridge forward converter design. This topology connects the power transformer to a bridge formed by two power transistors and two capacitors. It is reasonably simple, puts relatively low stress on the power transistors, and makes efficient use of the transformer’s magnetic capabilities.The second basic decision is which switching frequency to use. The present trend is to use ever higher frequencies. But by doing so it becomes more difficult to filter out the RF noise inevitably generated by the switching. So I decided to stay at a low switching frequency of only 25 kHz for the full cycle, which due to the frequency doubling effect of the rectifiers results in 50 kHz on the output filter.

For the main switching elements, bipolar transistors or MOSFETs can be used. Bipolars have lower conduction losses, while MOSFETs switch faster. As in this design I wanted to keep the RF noise at an absolute minimum, very fast switching was not desired, so I used bipolar transistors. But these tend to become too slow if the driving is heavier than necessary. So, if the transistors have to switch at varying current levels, the drive to them must also be varied. This is called proportional driving, and is used in this project.

The half bridge converter is best controlled by pulse width modulation. There are several ICs available for this exact purpose. I chose the 3524, which is very simple to use and easy to find. Any 3524 will do the job. It can be an LM3524, SG3524, etc.

This basically ends the big decisions. From now on, designing the circuit is a matter of calculating proper values for everything.

LED VU Meter by IC LM3914

2010-12-01T05:04:00.000-08:00

This is Circuit LM3914 LED VU Meter. use IC LM3914 and Transistor BC109C. For Display power Music by LED
This be LED VU Meter by IC LM3914 circuit show with LED convenient for the stereo or sound all signal. This easy circuit again because use IC LM3914 show get 10 the level. Build easy because use the integrated circuit just one and the price is inexpensive. The detail is all , see in the circuit better.

LED VU Meter by LM339

2010-12-01T04:51:00.000-08:00

The circuit below uses two quad voltage comparators (LM339) to illuminate a series of 8 LEDs indicating volume level. Each of the 8 comparators is biased at increasing voltages set by the voltage divider so that the lower right LED comes on first when the input is about 400 millivolts or about 22 milliwatts peak in an 8 ohm system. The divider voltages are set so that each LED represents about twice the power level as the one before so the scale extends from 22 milliwatts to about 2.5 watts when all LEDs are lit.

The sensitivity can be decreased with the input control to read higher levels. I have not built or tested this circuit, so please let me know if you have problems getting it working. The power levels should be as follows:

1 LED = 22mW
2 LEDs = 42mW
3 LEDs = 90mW
4 LEDs = 175mW
5 LEDs = 320mW
6 LEDs = 650mW
7 LEDs = 1.2 Watts
8 LEDs = 2.5 watts

Voltmeter with LED for car battery

2010-12-01T04:50:00.000-08:00

The circuit, is a comparator, can measure with step of 1Volt, the voltage of battery of car. The clue of voltage become after comparison of voltage of battery, that is applied in the inverting inputs of amplifiers, with voltages of reference that are produced by a Zener D1, the value of which is such so that it present good thermic stability. With the RV1, we regulate the gradation of voltage that we want. The optical clue become from four Led.

VU meter circuit for LM3915

2010-12-01T04:40:00.000-08:00

This circuit uses just one IC and a very few number of external components. It displays the audio level in terms of 10 LEDs. The input voltage can vary from 12V to 20V, but suggested voltage is 12V. The LM3915 is a monolithic integrated circuit that senses analog voltage levels and drives ten LEDs providing a logarithmic 3 dB/step analog display

LED current drive is regulated and programmable, eliminating the need for current limiting resistors. The IC contains an adjustable voltage reference and an accurate ten-step voltage divider. The high-impedance input buffer accepts signals down to ground and up to within 1.5V of the positive supply. Further, it needs no protection against inputs of ?35V. The input buffer drives 10 individual comparators referenced to the precision divider. Accuracy is typically better than 1 dB.

2010-12-01T04:22:00.000-08:00

This circuit is quite useful for displaying the states of digital lines. The two 330R resistors may need to be changed as the circuit I generally use is using a tri-colour LED(3 legs) with common cathode. Other LED’s may need more or less current.

Microcontroller project

2010-05-17T08:33:00.000-07:00

GTP USB PIC PROGRAMMER (Open Source)

introGTP USB PIC PROGRAMMER (Open Source)

This work includes, GTP USB (not plus or lite) .
The schematic, photos and PCB have been developed by PICMASTERS based on
some valuable works done before.
This programmer supports pic10F, 12F, 16C, 16F, 18F,24Cxx Eeprom.
Unfortunately, it works with only Winpic800 v.355.
We have succesfully tried it with some pics; PIC18F252, 18F2455, 18F2550,
18F2520, 16F84, 16F628 and 24C32 eeprom.

The best and fastest method of pic programming.
All you need (hex file, winpic800, schematic, PCB board in ARES)
are included.
You must program pic18F2550 with hex file by a classical programmer.

circuit schematic. You can see the type and value of the companents.

Download original circuit picture...

The first PCB;double Layout...

second pcb or socket PCB;double layer..

COLLECTING THE DATA IS ONLY THE FIRST STEP OF THE WISDOM, BUT SAHRING DATA IS THE FIRST STEP OF COMMUNITY.

thank's for coming^^

2010-05-17T08:10:00.000-07:00

Robot Mikro yang Mampu Bekerja Dalam Tubuh

Ilmuwan di Korea telah membuat robot-robot yang cukup kecil untuk bisa menjelajahi tubuh manusia dan digerakkan oleh otot jantung.

Sukho Park di Chonnam National University, Korea, dan rekan-rekannya telah merancang sebuah robot-mikro yang digerakkan oleh sel. Tim Park membuat robot tersebut dengan menumbuhkan jaringan otot jantung dari sebuah tikus pada kerangka-kerangka robot kecil yang dibuat dari polidimetilsiloksana (PDMS). PDMS merupakan polimer biokompatibel sehingga membuat robot tersebut cocok digunakan dalam pengaplikasian biomedik.

Yang istimewa pada robot-robot ini, kata Park, adalah mereka tidak memerlukan suplai energi eksternal. Tetapi sel-sel otot jantung yang berelaksasi dan berkontraksi yang memberikan energi. Sel-sel otot jantung sendiri mendapatkan energinya dari sebuah medium kultur glukosa. Sel-sel yang berdenyut sendiri ini memungkinkan robot tersebut menggerakkan keenam kakinya.

Robot ini memiliki tiga kaki depan yang pendek (panjang 400 mikrometer) dan tiga kaki belakang yang lebih panjang (panjang 1200 mikrometer), semuanya terpasang pada sebuah badan segiempat. Pada saat sel-sel jantung berkontraksi, kaki belakang yang lebih panjang menekuk ke dalam. Ini menghasilkan perbedaan gesekan antara kaki depan dan kaki belakang, yang menekan robot bergerak maju. Para peneliti mengukur kecepatan rata-rata robot ini sekitar 100 mikrometer per detik.

Park mengatakan robot-robot yang mirip kepiting ini bisa digunakan di dalam tubuh untuk membersihkan rongga atau pembuluh yang tersumbat, dengan melepaskan sebuah agen pelarut untuk membersihkan penyumbatan yang mereka lalui.

Disadur dari: http://www.rsc.org/chemistryworld/

numpang post ^^

2010-01-24T05:25:00.000-08:00

ayo rek golek duit (come on guys you can make money for free)

2009-07-06T01:31:00.000-07:00

Download Electronic Workbench

2009-06-04T23:16:00.000-07:00

One LED display flashing volt

This circuit is LED display flashing with one LED. By when you press Switch S1 give wasp the circuit then to liberate. It as a result make LED1 bright about 0.5 second. By this circuit uses the integrated circuit of NS number LM3909. It is build the mono stable multi vibrator circuit produce low frequency. It uses low power supply 3V only just

2009-06-04T23:12:00.000-07:00

Temperature - Light Brightness Meter with LCD

Circuit measures the temperature and ambient brightness of the surrounding environment at the location it is placed. The data from the ADC is the calculated and displayed on the LCD. The main CPU unit on board the device is the PIC16F873.

2009-06-04T23:04:00.000-07:00

0-99 Two Digit Counter By IC 74LS48 , 74LS90

This is circuit 0-99 Two Digital Counter.

use IC TTL Digital IC 74LS48 x 2 to LED 7 segment Display,

and 74LS90 x 2 for Decade and Binary Counters.

Input Clock pin 14 from IC 74LS90.

Here is circuit use power supply 5V.

2009-06-04T23:03:00.001-07:00

3 Digits Digital Volt Meter with PIC16F676

This is simple 3-digits digital volt meter.PIC16F676 used to read analog signal(voltage) and display the value on 3-digits 7-segment. You can apply similar principles to measure DC current with parallel R shunt.

2009-06-04T23:01:00.000-07:00

The Car Voltage Gauge

The Car Voltage Gauge is based on 3 parts. The input circuit is an Analog to Digital Converter (IC2 CA3162E). The purpose of this chip is to sample an analog voltage and convert it to a decimal value which is read by a Display/Decoder Driver (IC1 CA3161E). This chip will turn each seven segment display on through the driver transistor Q1 - Q3. The power is derived from the car and is converted to 5 volts by the 5 volt regulator. The circuit works as follows: The 10uf capacitor is charged up by the cars voltage. Its value is then read by IC2 and a decimal value of that voltage is provided to IC1 which multiplexes the three display units. Each display is turned on sequentially with its appropriate value displayed. The transistors Q1 through Q3 control the drive to each seven segment display. By monitoring the cars voltage with an accurate multimeter you can adjust the "Zero Adj." pot and the "Gain Adj." pot for accurate readings. LED 1 and 2 are optional. They can be used to indicate power on or can light up a cut out display that says "Volts". This can be made by a plastic module that has a thin plastic cover on it with the word "Volts" cut into it. The LED's would be mounted inside the module.

2009-06-04T22:54:00.001-07:00

Digital Step-Km Counter with IC 4026,4024

Max. range: 9,950 meters with two digits
Slip it in pants’ pocket for walking and jogging

Parts:

R1,R3____22K 1/4W Resistor
R2________2M2 1/4W Resistor
R4________1M 1/4W Resistor
R5,R7,R8__4K7 1/4W Resistor
R6_______47R 1/4W Resistor
R9________1K 1/4W Resistor

C1_______47nF 63V Polyester Capacitor
C2______100nF 63V Polyester Capacitor
C3_______10nF 63V Polyester Capacitor
C4_______10ÂµF 25V Electrolytic Capacitor

D1_______Common-cathode 7-segment LED mini-display (Hundreds meters)
D2_______Common-cathode 7-segment LED mini-display (Kilometers)

IC1______4093 Quad 2 input Schmitt NAND Gate IC
IC2______4024 7 stage ripple counter IC
IC3,IC4__4026 Decade counter with decoded 7-segment display outputs IC

Q1,Q2___BC327 45V 800mA PNP Transistors

P1_______SPST Pushbutton (Reset)
P2_______SPST Pushbutton (Display)

SW1______SPST Mercury Switch, called also Tilt Switch
SW2______SPST Slider Switch (Sound on-off)
SW3______SPST Slider Switch (Power on-off)

BZ_______Piezo sounder

B1_______3V Battery (2 AA 1.5V Cells in series)

This circuit measures the distance covered during a walk. Hardware is located in a small box slipped in pants’ pocket and the display is conceived in the following manner: the leftmost display D2 (the most significant digit) shows 0 to 9 Km. and its dot is always on to separate Km. from hm. The rightmost display D1 (the least significant digit) shows hundreds meters and its dot illuminates after every 50 meters of walking. A beeper (excludable), signals each count unit, occurring every two steps.
A normal step was calculated to span around 78 centimeters, thus the LED signaling 50 meters illuminates after 64 steps (or 32 operations of the mercury switch), the display indicates 100 meters after 128 steps and so on. For low battery consumption the display illuminates only on request, pushing on P2. Accidental reset of the counters is avoided because to reset the circuit both pushbuttons must be operated together.
Obviously, this is not a precision meter, but its approximation degree was found good for this kind of device. In any case, the most critical thing to do is the correct placement of the mercury switch inside of the box and the setting of its sloping degree.

5 Minutes Time Delay using CD4093

2009-06-04T22:37:00.000-07:00

This be delay timer circuit model to be simple. It be the character delays to close electric all appliances. By fix the time about 5 minute. It can fine decorate the time. When see the circuit uses digital IC number CD4093 make good easy. And use transistor driver relay. It performs to edit the electricity gives with load or the electric appliances is all. When see our circuit uses electronic part that seek easy. May have no the problem about part. For LED1 use for display when feed power supply reach the circuit. It usability easily just press S1 for begin be usable.

2009-06-04T22:35:00.000-07:00

555 TIMER 5 TO 30 MINUTES

Simple to build, simple to make, nothing too complicated here. However you must use the CMOS type 555 timer designated the 7555, a normal 555 timer will not work here due to the resistor values. Also a low leakage type capacitor must be used for C1, and I would strongly suggest a Tantalum Bead type. Switch 3 adds an extra resistor in series to the timing chain with each rotation, the timing period us defined as :-

Timing = 1.1 C1 x R1

Note that R1 has a value of 8.2M with S3 at position "a" and 49.2M at position "f". This equates to just short of 300 seconds for each position of S3. C1 and R1 through R6 may be changed for different timing periods. The output current from Pin 3 of the timer, is amplified by Q1 and used to drive a relay.

Parts List:
Relay 9 volt coil with c/o contact (1)
S1: On/Off (1)
S2: Start (1)
S3: Range (1)
IC1: 7555 (1)
B1: 9V (1)
C1: 33uF CAP (1)
Q1: BC109C NPN (1)
D1: 1N4004 DIODE (1)
C2: 100n CAP (1)
R6,R5,R4,R3,R2,R1: 8.2M RESISTOR (6)
R8: 100k RESISTOR (1)
R7: 4.7k RESISTOR (1)

Ultra-Long Time Delay By IC Timer 555

2009-06-04T22:33:00.001-07:00

Ultra-Long Time Delay By IC Timer 555
This be the circuit delays to have for a long time. By use the integrated circuit Timer 555 or Ultra-Long Time Delay By IC Timer 555 by R2 use for fine the frequency of pulse from the integrated circuit NE555 bring divide by wasp with 4017 each 10 in the end the time delays to follow want. Part S1 for choose Reset or Run of the circuit.

0-99 counter by IC 4017×2

2009-06-04T22:29:00.001-07:00

Circuit 0-99 counter by IC 4017×2
When you want the counter circuit since 0 arrive at 99. I thinks this circuit may on the same wave length you certainly. it uses IC 4017 decade counter/divider follow circuit picture. When feed a signal clock at 14 pin cause the position logic at a pin output. From 0 to 99 for switch S1 perform choose RUN or Reset. Please see circuit picture will understand increasingly. Almost forget integrated number this circuit, want the fire feeds 3V low arrive at 15V because be IC digital CMOS there.