<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><?xml-stylesheet href="http://www.blogger.com/styles/atom.css" type="text/css"?><feed xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom' xmlns:openSearch='http://a9.com/-/spec/opensearchrss/1.0/' xmlns:blogger='http://schemas.google.com/blogger/2008' xmlns:georss='http://www.georss.org/georss' xmlns:gd="http://schemas.google.com/g/2005" xmlns:thr='http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0'><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5540845815036400080</id><updated>2024-11-05T18:59:28.545-08:00</updated><category term="Computador"/><category term="Cursos"/><category term="Apostilhas"/><category term="tutorial"/><category term="Videos"/><category term="Curiosidades"/><category term="Elétrica"/><category term="Programas"/><category term="Resvista"/><category term="Automação"/><category term="Cursos INFO"/><category term="web e designer"/><category term="Eletrônica Digital"/><category term="Apostilhas de eletrônica"/><category term="Eletrônica analogica"/><category term="Estudos"/><category term="NR10"/><category term="Tudo"/><category term="simulador"/><category term="Apostilhas de comandos elétricos"/><category term="Apostilhas de SPDA"/><category term="aterramentos elétricos"/><category term="Construção Civil"/><category term="Dicas"/><category term="MECATRÔNICA"/><category term="AutoCAD"/><category term="Dispositivo DR - Siemens"/><category term="SLIDES"/><category term="Soldagem: Eletrodo Revestido"/><category term="Com"/><category term="Comandos Elétricos - Teoria e Atividades - Imagens Didáticas"/><category term="Componentes Eletrónicos"/><category term="Conheça o Relé de Estado Sólido"/><category term="Correção de fator de potência"/><category term="CÁLCULO DO CURTO CIRCUITO PELO MÉTODO KVA"/><category term="Cálculo de Demanda para                                          Medição de Cliente em                                                    Baixa Tensão"/><category term="DE MUFLAS PARA CABO ELETRICO"/><category term="Definições Técnicas"/><category term="ENSAIOS ELÉTRICOS EM EQUIPAMENTOS"/><category term="Especificação de cabos para redes Ethernet TCP/IP industriais – INTRODUÇÃO"/><category term="FISICA"/><category term="Fechamento de Motores Trifásicos"/><category term="Fomulas para cálculos de circuitos Elétricos"/><category term="GuiaEletricidadeBasica"/><category term="Instrumentação"/><category term="Manual  de  Instalações   Elétrica  Residenciais"/><category term="Máquinas Elétricas e Transformadoras"/><category term="O que é AC DC:"/><category term="O que é Automação?"/><category term="O que é Eletricidade."/><category term="O que é sinal PNP e NPN? Qual a diferença entre saída NPN e saída PNP?"/><category term="PARCERIA"/><category term="Redes Wireless – Conceitos Básicos V"/><category term="Soft-Starter   Arrancador Suave   Chave de Partida Soft-Starter"/><category term="conhecimento técnico"/><category term="controladorres lógico programáveis"/><category term="esquema elétrico de um sistema automático que liga/desliga uma bomba de água elétrica usando boias eletronivel"/><category term="otimizadores"/><category term="qual a difererença de sinais anlogico de digital"/><title type='text'>Eletrica Download</title><subtitle type='html'>estude na elétrica download&#xa; </subtitle><link rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#feed' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://eletricadownload.blogspot.com/feeds/posts/default'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/5540845815036400080/posts/default?redirect=false'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://eletricadownload.blogspot.com/'/><link rel='hub' href='http://pubsubhubbub.appspot.com/'/><link rel='next' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/5540845815036400080/posts/default?start-index=26&amp;max-results=25&amp;redirect=false'/><author><name>EMERSON LUIZ CRUZ</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/12203793046792254728</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><generator version='7.00' uri='http://www.blogger.com'>Blogger</generator><openSearch:totalResults>379</openSearch:totalResults><openSearch:startIndex>1</openSearch:startIndex><openSearch:itemsPerPage>25</openSearch:itemsPerPage><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5540845815036400080.post-4753936142866795277</id><published>2015-06-07T18:20:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2015-06-07T18:20:45.438-07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Curiosidades"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Definições Técnicas"/><title type='text'>Definições Técnicas </title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; trbidi=&quot;on&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;b&gt;Corrente Nominal: é a corrente mais alta que um contato pode conduzir continuamente&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;dentro da faixa de temperatura prescrita.Também é referente à capacidade limite de ciclo, isto&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;é, a corrente máxima que um contato pode conduzir no fechamento e na abertura do circuito&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;sob as condições especificadas.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Máxima Corrente de Pico: o valor mais alto de corrente de inrush ( 0,5 segundo) que um&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;contato pode conduzir no fechamento e no ciclo ( ciclo de carga 0,1) do circuito sem ter suas&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;características degradadas permanentemente devido ao calor gerado.Também é referente à&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;capacidade limite de fechamento do circuito.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Tensão Nominal: a tensão (fase-neutra derivada das tensões nominais das cargas de contato)&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;utilizada para a coordenação de isolamento.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Tensão de Comutação Máxima: o nível de tensão mais alto ( incluindo as tolerâncias) no&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;qual os contatos podem executar a comutação de acordo com a tensão nominal.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Carga Nominal em AC1: A potência de comutação resistiva AC máxima (em VA) que um&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;contato pode conduzir durante e entre fechamentos e aberturas repetidas de acordo com a&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;categoria de utilização AC1, EN 60947-4-1 (consulte a tabela 1).Seu cálculo é feito a partir do&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;produto da corrente nominal e da tensão nominal é utilizada como carga de referência para&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;testes de vida elétrica.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Carga Nominal em AC15: A potência de comutação indutiva AC máxima (em VA) que um&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;contato pode conduzir durante e entre fechamentos e aberturas repetidas de acordo com a&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;categoria de utilização AC15, EN 60947-5-1(consulte a Tabela 1).&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18.479999542236328px;&quot;&gt;Material Retirado da Fonte:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18.479999542236328px;&quot; /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18.479999542236328px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18.479999542236328px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Finder Componentes Ltda.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18.479999542236328px;&quot; /&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18.479999542236328px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;www.findernet.com &amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/5540845815036400080/posts/default/4753936142866795277'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/5540845815036400080/posts/default/4753936142866795277'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://eletricadownload.blogspot.com/2015/06/definicoes-tecnicas.html' title='Definições Técnicas '/><author><name>EMERSON LUIZ CRUZ</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/12203793046792254728</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhQQvD5DQu-tWGOViwCSoisIOtfDRkp1E65cIkYmTVNPmNoo7qEpdK41QeLpvqJo8AeQDwaP1ZMMIM_-8MCepxwpkJ8ECzKfhSXbTGiuutbsdi1GMnqhNq0bMeBjS7s71ZFlafsZMG53qa5/s72-c/Sem+t%25C3%25ADtulo.png" height="72" width="72"/></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5540845815036400080.post-8602866859764844986</id><published>2015-06-07T17:12:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2015-06-07T17:12:22.661-07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="conhecimento técnico"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Curiosidades"/><title type='text'>conhecimento técnico</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; trbidi=&quot;on&quot;&gt;
&amp;nbsp;Corrente Elétrica&lt;br /&gt;
Definição: Num fio metálico existem cargas elétricas livres (elétrons). Quando ligamos este fio a&lt;br /&gt;
uma fonte, uma diferença de potencial elétrico é estabelecida entre suas extremidades e um&lt;br /&gt;
campo elétrico é gerado em seu interior. Devido a este fato estabelece-se uma corrente&lt;br /&gt;
elétrica, que é o movimento ordenado de cargas na superfície do condutor.&lt;br /&gt;
1a LEI DE OHM: V = R x i&lt;br /&gt;
A relação entre a tensão (V) e a corrente ( i ) mantém-se constante (para um elemento linear),&lt;br /&gt;
isto é, V / i = constante. Esta relação é o próprio valor da resistência R do condutor.&lt;br /&gt;
2a LEI DE OHM: R=r (l /A)&lt;br /&gt;
A resistência elétrica é diretamente proporcional ao comprimento do condutor (L) e&lt;br /&gt;
inversamente proporcional a sua área (A). A resistividade (r) é um valor constante, e depende&lt;br /&gt;
de cada material.&lt;br /&gt;
Portanto podemos definir para a resistência elétrica em um condutor:&lt;br /&gt;
1) ela é tanto maior quanto maior for o seu comprimento.&lt;br /&gt;
2) A resistência de um condutor é tanto maior quanto menor for a área de sua seção reta, isto&lt;br /&gt;
é, quanto mais fino for o condutor.&lt;br /&gt;
3) A resistência de um condutor depende do material de que ele é feito.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt; &amp;nbsp;Campo magnético&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Toda corrente elétrica gera um campo magnético ao redor de si.&lt;br /&gt;
Campo magnético da bobina:&lt;br /&gt;
Um fio enrolado em um pedaço de ferro torna-se um imã quando atravessado por uma corrente&lt;br /&gt;
elétrica, efeito que ocorre somente enquanto ela existir no fio, sendo possível que o ímã seja&lt;br /&gt;
ligado ou desligado.&lt;br /&gt;
Uma bobina (ou solenóide) é constituída por um fio enrolado várias vezes com a forma espiral,&lt;br /&gt;
sendo cada uma das voltas uma espiral.&lt;br /&gt;
Estabelecendo-se uma corrente em suas espiras, cria-se um campo magnético no interior da&lt;br /&gt;
bobina. Seu valor, ao longo do eixo central, depende da intensidade da corrente elétrica ( i ),&lt;br /&gt;
do número de espiras (N), do comprimento do solenóide (L) e da permeabilidade magnética do&lt;br /&gt;
(m) do material do núcleo (pedaço de ferro) no qual as espiras são enroladas.&lt;br /&gt;
B=m. i .N/L, onde m=permeabilidade magnética do meio&lt;br /&gt;
A intensidade de um eletroímã depende também da facilidade com que o material em seu&lt;br /&gt;
interior é magnetizado. A maior parte dos eletroímãs é feita de ferro puro, que se magnetiza&lt;br /&gt;
rapidamente.&lt;br /&gt;
Lei de Lenz / Faraday&lt;br /&gt;
Quando variamos a intensidade da corrente elétrica num circuito fechado é produzida uma&lt;br /&gt;
tensão induzida que gera correntes e campos magnéticos contrários à variação da corrente e ao&lt;br /&gt;
campo magnético que estavam presentes no circuito. Portanto estas grandezas induzidas&lt;br /&gt;
possuem sentidos opostos aos presentes inicialmente no circuito, sendo indicadas por um sinal&lt;br /&gt;
negativo (-).&lt;br /&gt;
Efeito Joule:&lt;br /&gt;
Um condutor metálico, ao ser percorrido por uma corrente elétrica, se aquece. Para um certo&lt;br /&gt;
aparelho, a tensão é sempre a mesma durante o seu funcionamento. O chuveiro é um exemplo,&lt;br /&gt;
mas mesmo assim, pode-se obter diferentes potências (verão e inverno) sem a variarmos. Isso&lt;br /&gt;
ocorrerá se a corrente no resistor for diferente, já que a tensão da fonte é sempre a mesma. A&lt;br /&gt;
relação entre a potência, a corrente e a tensão pode ser expressa pela equação: P= i. V&lt;br /&gt;
(Potência = corrente x tensão).&lt;br /&gt;
Como V=RI, podemos escrever que (P=R.i2), sendo que a potência dissipada depende do&lt;br /&gt;
quadrado da corrente elétrica e da resistência elétrica presente no aparelho.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Material Retirado da Fonte:&lt;br /&gt;
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</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/5540845815036400080/posts/default/8602866859764844986'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/5540845815036400080/posts/default/8602866859764844986'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://eletricadownload.blogspot.com/2015/06/conhecimento-tecnico.html' title='conhecimento técnico'/><author><name>EMERSON LUIZ CRUZ</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/12203793046792254728</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5540845815036400080.post-972132474641690542</id><published>2014-11-27T13:36:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2014-11-28T14:19:03.626-08:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Fechamento de Motores Trifásicos"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Videos"/><title type='text'>Fechamento de Motores Trifásicos</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; trbidi=&quot;on&quot;&gt;
&lt;iframe allowfullscreen=&quot;&quot; frameborder=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;315&quot; src=&quot;//www.youtube.com/embed/x1EkEFzxz_s&quot; width=&quot;560&quot;&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/5540845815036400080/posts/default/972132474641690542'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/5540845815036400080/posts/default/972132474641690542'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://eletricadownload.blogspot.com/2014/11/fechamento-de-motores-trifasicos.html' title='Fechamento de Motores Trifásicos'/><author><name>EMERSON LUIZ CRUZ</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/12203793046792254728</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5540845815036400080.post-4375146559435752481</id><published>2014-06-24T18:22:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2014-06-24T18:22:37.499-07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Componentes Eletrónicos"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Curiosidades"/><title type='text'>Qual a diferença entre componentes elétricos e eletrónicos?</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; trbidi=&quot;on&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: black; color: white;&quot;&gt;Resp: &amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 19.600000381469727px;&quot;&gt;Os componentes elétricos definem-se por serem dispositivos onde circula a corrente elétrica sem ser no vácuo ou em material semicondutor, os componentes eletrónicos, por outro lado, transmitem a corrente elétrico no vácuo ou em material semicondutor. Algumas definições incluem os componentes elétricos como uma subdivisão dos componentes eletrónicos.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: white; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px; line-height: 19.600000381469727px;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: white; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px; line-height: 19.600000381469727px;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: white; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px; line-height: 19.600000381469727px;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: black; color: blue;&quot;&gt;Tipos de componentes:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;h3 style=&quot;font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 19.600000381469727px; margin: 1em 0px 30px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;ul style=&quot;font-size: 14px; font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: black; color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Passivos-&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;Definem-se como passivos os componentes que não necessitam de uma fonte de energia externa para funcionarem.&lt;br /&gt;(Resistores, capacitores, bobinas)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: black; color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ativos-&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;Definem-se como ativos os componentes que necessitam de energia para executarem as suas funções&lt;br /&gt;(Transístores, válvulas terminónicas, circuitos integrados).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;h2 style=&quot;font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 20px; line-height: 19.600000381469727px; margin: 1em 0px 30px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: black; color: blue;&quot;&gt;Como funcionam os componentes eletrónicos ?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;h3 style=&quot;font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 19.600000381469727px; margin: 1em 0px 30px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 14px; font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: black; color: white;&quot;&gt;Cada componente executa uma ou várias funções que podem ser usadas individualmente ou em conjunto com outros componentes. Algumas funções são simples (regular, diminuir ou dividir tensão) outras exigem alguma complexidade e uma estrutura com vários componentes. A tabela seguinte indica a função de cada componente electrónico, a sua constituição e base de funcionamento.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/5540845815036400080/posts/default/4375146559435752481'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/5540845815036400080/posts/default/4375146559435752481'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://eletricadownload.blogspot.com/2014/06/qual-diferenca-entre-componentes.html' title='Qual a diferença entre componentes elétricos e eletrónicos?'/><author><name>EMERSON LUIZ CRUZ</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/12203793046792254728</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5540845815036400080.post-2299463707552220033</id><published>2014-01-20T05:30:00.001-08:00</published><updated>2014-06-24T18:28:57.627-07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Dispositivo DR - Siemens"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Videos"/><title type='text'>COMO INSTALAR DR/IDR e DDR-PROTEÇÃO CONTRA CHO</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; trbidi=&quot;on&quot;&gt;
&lt;iframe allowfullscreen=&quot;&quot; frameborder=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;315&quot; src=&quot;//www.youtube.com/embed/DB7xLDJS7OQ&quot; width=&quot;420&quot;&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/5540845815036400080/posts/default/2299463707552220033'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/5540845815036400080/posts/default/2299463707552220033'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://eletricadownload.blogspot.com/2014/01/como-instalar-dridr-e-ddr-protecao.html' title='COMO INSTALAR DR/IDR e DDR-PROTEÇÃO CONTRA CHO'/><author><name>EMERSON LUIZ CRUZ</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/12203793046792254728</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5540845815036400080.post-1813150455777833346</id><published>2013-12-16T15:48:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2013-12-16T15:48:21.830-08:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Curiosidades"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="esquema elétrico de um sistema automático que liga/desliga uma bomba de água elétrica usando boias eletronivel"/><title type='text'>SISTEMA AUTOMÁTICO </title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; trbidi=&quot;on&quot;&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhBkUdk9HSO4lHwsJQhKk22ij3_3LHs-lEvNjbTn5-Fvad1KLYjzRpZ0zvGBnqsJOi7c6VlWNZy0gXkCzGnThdwZuOHbSyJ1d5QUxo8LZupcGM8WV4YRWIKekkiVYKGAJQfZ-KaB2H5UGaw/s1600/reletro2.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhBkUdk9HSO4lHwsJQhKk22ij3_3LHs-lEvNjbTn5-Fvad1KLYjzRpZ0zvGBnqsJOi7c6VlWNZy0gXkCzGnThdwZuOHbSyJ1d5QUxo8LZupcGM8WV4YRWIKekkiVYKGAJQfZ-KaB2H5UGaw/s1600/reletro2.jpg&quot; height=&quot;335&quot; width=&quot;400&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: black; color: white;&quot;&gt;Fonte da&amp;nbsp; internet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/5540845815036400080/posts/default/1813150455777833346'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/5540845815036400080/posts/default/1813150455777833346'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://eletricadownload.blogspot.com/2013/12/sistema-automatico.html' title='SISTEMA AUTOMÁTICO '/><author><name>EMERSON LUIZ CRUZ</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/12203793046792254728</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhBkUdk9HSO4lHwsJQhKk22ij3_3LHs-lEvNjbTn5-Fvad1KLYjzRpZ0zvGBnqsJOi7c6VlWNZy0gXkCzGnThdwZuOHbSyJ1d5QUxo8LZupcGM8WV4YRWIKekkiVYKGAJQfZ-KaB2H5UGaw/s72-c/reletro2.jpg" height="72" width="72"/></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5540845815036400080.post-5711676677009059629</id><published>2013-10-28T16:32:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2013-10-28T16:32:03.999-07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Elétrica"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Manual  de  Instalações   Elétrica  Residenciais"/><title type='text'>Manual  de  Instalações   Elétrica  Residenciais</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; trbidi=&quot;on&quot;&gt;
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&lt;img alt=&quot;BOMBEIRO HIDRÁULICO E ELETRICISTA - Construções - Rio de Janeiro&quot; src=&quot;http://cdn1.clasificados.com/br/pictures/photos/000/062/193/original_ist2_312319_the_electrician_5B1_5D.jpg&quot; /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: black; color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 138%;&quot;&gt;O&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 0.3pt; line-height: 138%;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 138%;&quot;&gt;“Manual&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 0.3pt; line-height: 138%;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 138%;&quot;&gt;de&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 0.3pt; line-height: 138%;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 138%;&quot;&gt;Instalações&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 0.3pt; line-height: 138%;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 138%;&quot;&gt;Elétricas&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 0.3pt; line-height: 138%;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 138%;&quot;&gt;Residenciais”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 0.3pt; line-height: 138%;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 138%;&quot;&gt;–&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 0.3pt; line-height: 138%;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 138%;&quot;&gt;RC/UE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 0.3pt; line-height: 138%;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 138%;&quot;&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 0.3pt; line-height: 138%;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 138%;&quot;&gt;001/2003,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 0.3pt; line-height: 138%;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 138%;&quot;&gt;abo&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.2pt;&quot;&gt;r&lt;/span&gt;da&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 0.3pt; line-height: 138%;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 138%;&quot;&gt;os &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 138%;&quot;&gt;p&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.2pt;&quot;&gt;r&lt;/span&gt;ocedimentos &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.95pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;e
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&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.95pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;ser &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.95pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;utilizados
&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.95pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;na &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.95pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;execução
&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.95pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;de &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.95pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;obras novas&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .35pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;e&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .35pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;em&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .35pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.2pt; mso-font-width: 94%;&quot;&gt;r&lt;/span&gt;eformas&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .35pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;de&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .35pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;instalações&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .35pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;elétricas&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .35pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.2pt; mso-font-width: 94%;&quot;&gt;r&lt;/span&gt;esidenciais.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 138%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.5pt; margin-right: 4.15pt; margin-top: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 1.0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: black; color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 138%;&quot;&gt;Este&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.3pt; line-height: 138%;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 138%;&quot;&gt;Manual&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.3pt; line-height: 138%;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 138%;&quot;&gt;é&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.3pt; line-height: 138%;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 138%;&quot;&gt;destinado&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.3pt; line-height: 138%;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 138%;&quot;&gt;à&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.3pt; line-height: 138%;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 138%;&quot;&gt;execução/&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.2pt;&quot;&gt;r&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 138%;&quot;&gt;e&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 138%;&quot;&gt;forma&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.3pt; line-height: 138%;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 138%;&quot;&gt;de&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.3pt; line-height: 138%;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 138%;&quot;&gt;instalação&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.3pt; line-height: 138%;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 138%;&quot;&gt;elétrica&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.3pt; line-height: 138%;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 138%;&quot;&gt;inte&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .2pt;&quot;&gt;r&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 138%;&quot;&gt;na&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.3pt; line-height: 138%;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 138%;&quot;&gt;de&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.3pt; line-height: 138%;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 138%;&quot;&gt;uma &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 138%;&quot;&gt;única&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 1.65pt; line-height: 138%;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 138%;&quot;&gt;casa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 1.65pt; line-height: 138%;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.2pt; line-height: 138%;&quot;&gt;r&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 138%;&quot;&gt;esidencial.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 1.65pt; line-height: 138%;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 138%;&quot;&gt;Quando&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 1.65pt; line-height: 138%;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 138%;&quot;&gt;se&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 1.65pt; line-height: 138%;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 138%;&quot;&gt;tratar&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 1.65pt; line-height: 138%;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 138%;&quot;&gt;de&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 1.65pt; line-height: 138%;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 138%;&quot;&gt;mais&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 1.65pt; line-height: 138%;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 138%;&quot;&gt;de&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 1.65pt; line-height: 138%;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 138%;&quot;&gt;uma&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 1.65pt; line-height: 138%;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.2pt; line-height: 138%;&quot;&gt;r&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 138%;&quot;&gt;e&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 138%;&quot;&gt;sidência&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 1.65pt; line-height: 138%;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 138%;&quot;&gt;em&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 1.65pt; line-height: 138%;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 138%;&quot;&gt;um&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 1.65pt; line-height: 138%;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 138%;&quot;&gt;mesmo &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 138%;&quot;&gt;ter&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.2pt;&quot;&gt;r&lt;/span&gt;eno&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 0.45pt; line-height: 138%;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 138%;&quot;&gt;–&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 0.45pt; line-height: 138%;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 138%;&quot;&gt;um&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 0.45pt; line-height: 138%;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 138%;&quot;&gt;prédio,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 0.45pt; line-height: 138%;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 138%;&quot;&gt;por&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .45pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;exemplo,&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .45pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;poderão&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .45pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;ser&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .45pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;necessárias&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .45pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;mais&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .45pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;informações&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .45pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;técnicas sob&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.2pt;&quot;&gt;r&lt;/span&gt;e&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: 1.25pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;o&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: 1.25pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;assunto.&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: 1.25pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;Neste&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: 1.25pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;caso,&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: 1.25pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;é&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: 1.25pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.2pt; mso-font-width: 94%;&quot;&gt;r&lt;/span&gt;ecomendado&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: 1.25pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;consultar&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: 1.25pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;as&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: 1.25pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;Normas&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: 1.25pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;vigentes&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: 1.25pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;afins&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: 1.25pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;da CEMIG &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -1.55pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;e
&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -1.55pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;da &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -1.55pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;ABNT
&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -1.55pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;– &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -1.55pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;Associação
&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -1.55pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;Brasileira &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -1.55pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;de
&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -1.55pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;Normas &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -1.55pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;Técnicas,
&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -1.55pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;além &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -1.55pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;de
&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -1.55pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;literaturas técnicas&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .35pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;especializadas.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0cm -10.2pt 0.0001pt 33.85pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: black; color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;O&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.6pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;assunto
&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.6pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;sob&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.2pt;&quot;&gt;r&lt;/span&gt;e &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.6pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;as
&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.6pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;instalações &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.6pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;elétricas
&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.6pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.2pt; mso-font-width: 94%;&quot;&gt;r&lt;/span&gt;esidenciais, &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.6pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;não
&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.6pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;foi &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.6pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;esgotado
&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.6pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;neste&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0cm -8.3pt 0.0001pt 5.5pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: black; color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;Manual.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.1pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;P&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.2pt;&quot;&gt;r&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;ocu&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.2pt;&quot;&gt;r&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;ou-se&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.1pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;tratar&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.1pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;de&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.1pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;uma&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.1pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;maneira&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.1pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;prática,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.1pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;os&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.1pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;p&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.2pt;&quot;&gt;r&lt;/span&gt;ocedimentos&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.1pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;para&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.1pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;a&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.1pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;execução&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: black; color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 138%;&quot;&gt;de&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 1.55pt; line-height: 138%;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 138%;&quot;&gt;instalações&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 1.55pt; line-height: 138%;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 138%;&quot;&gt;elétricas&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 1.55pt; line-height: 138%;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.2pt; line-height: 138%;&quot;&gt;r&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 138%;&quot;&gt;esidenciais&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 1.55pt; line-height: 138%;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 138%;&quot;&gt;adequadas,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 1.55pt; line-height: 138%;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 138%;&quot;&gt;seguras&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 1.55pt; line-height: 138%;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 138%;&quot;&gt;e&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 1.55pt; line-height: 138%;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 138%;&quot;&gt;mais&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 1.55pt; line-height: 138%;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 138%;&quot;&gt;eficientes&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 1.55pt; line-height: 138%;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 138%;&quot;&gt;quanto&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 1.55pt; line-height: 138%;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 138%;&quot;&gt;ao &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 138%;&quot;&gt;uso&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 0.35pt; line-height: 138%;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 138%;&quot;&gt;de&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 0.35pt; line-height: 138%;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 138%;&quot;&gt;energia&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 0.35pt; line-height: 138%;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 138%;&quot;&gt;elétrica.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 138%;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: black; color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;Este&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 0.5pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;Manual&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 0.5pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;é&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 0.5pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;a&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 0.5pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;atualização&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 0.5pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;da&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 0.5pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;edição&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 0.5pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;CEMIG&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 0.5pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;02111&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .5pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;–&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .5pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;CM/CE-199&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .5pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;–&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .5pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;Manual&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .5pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;de&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: black; color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;Instalações&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 0.35pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;Residenciais&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 0.35pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;–&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 0.35pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;janei&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.2pt;&quot;&gt;r&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;o/98,&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .35pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;em&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .35pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;dezemb&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.2pt;&quot;&gt;r&lt;/span&gt;o&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .35pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;de&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .35pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;2003.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: black; color: white;&quot;&gt;Tamanho:5.1 MB&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0cm -1pt 0.0001pt 5.5pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: black; color: white; font-family: Georgia, serif;&quot;&gt;Formato:PDF&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: black; color: white; font-family: Georgia, serif;&quot;&gt;Páginas :218&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: black; font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: black; color: white;&quot;&gt;Fonte da&amp;nbsp; internet&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: black; color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://mega.co.nz/#!stR1yQ5Q!Uimnv1touk07lvSagD_9IGEE5wt5xAjFTccqA-pd0-k&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;http://www.baixaki.com.br/imagens/66861/97126.jpg&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/5540845815036400080/posts/default/5711676677009059629'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/5540845815036400080/posts/default/5711676677009059629'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://eletricadownload.blogspot.com/2013/10/manual-de-instalacoes-eletrica.html' title='Manual  de  Instalações   Elétrica  Residenciais'/><author><name>EMERSON LUIZ CRUZ</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/12203793046792254728</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5540845815036400080.post-7328282509286152158</id><published>2013-10-22T16:30:00.001-07:00</published><updated>2013-10-22T16:35:28.724-07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Elétrica"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="GuiaEletricidadeBasica"/><title type='text'>GuiaEletricidadeBasica</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; trbidi=&quot;on&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjRIW3QgVNl9bhKvBJmqSkbTeKcdYDPNCcdUwGInLE4odUngbG8nnGc0HVOjPkTVSUMCQhqUJ4Z-dRbDmqLB4uu4YmxnyW0c0LgyBwxwxGB0IaixQyb9cKz6of-C_9ItI7JiLdZltnFILuQ/s1600/Sem+t%C3%ADtulo.png&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjRIW3QgVNl9bhKvBJmqSkbTeKcdYDPNCcdUwGInLE4odUngbG8nnGc0HVOjPkTVSUMCQhqUJ4Z-dRbDmqLB4uu4YmxnyW0c0LgyBwxwxGB0IaixQyb9cKz6of-C_9ItI7JiLdZltnFILuQ/s1600/Sem+t%C3%ADtulo.png&quot; height=&quot;400&quot; width=&quot;372&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjRIW3QgVNl9bhKvBJmqSkbTeKcdYDPNCcdUwGInLE4odUngbG8nnGc0HVOjPkTVSUMCQhqUJ4Z-dRbDmqLB4uu4YmxnyW0c0LgyBwxwxGB0IaixQyb9cKz6of-C_9ItI7JiLdZltnFILuQ/s1600/Sem+t%C3%ADtulo.png&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: white;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; Formato : PDF&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: white;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; páginas &amp;nbsp; : 11&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: white;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;Tamanho : 719&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://mega.co.nz/#!JtQwBSIK!cAwlQTKCfPAvBz64rEJyeTBDdeNT62TSUtz7S8jHErM&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&quot; style=&quot;background-color: black; clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;http://www.baixaki.com.br/imagens/66861/97126.jpg&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/5540845815036400080/posts/default/7328282509286152158'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/5540845815036400080/posts/default/7328282509286152158'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://eletricadownload.blogspot.com/2013/10/guiaeletricidadebasica.html' title='GuiaEletricidadeBasica'/><author><name>EMERSON LUIZ CRUZ</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/12203793046792254728</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjRIW3QgVNl9bhKvBJmqSkbTeKcdYDPNCcdUwGInLE4odUngbG8nnGc0HVOjPkTVSUMCQhqUJ4Z-dRbDmqLB4uu4YmxnyW0c0LgyBwxwxGB0IaixQyb9cKz6of-C_9ItI7JiLdZltnFILuQ/s72-c/Sem+t%C3%ADtulo.png" height="72" width="72"/></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5540845815036400080.post-4110101546678942436</id><published>2013-09-03T08:55:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2013-09-03T08:55:04.422-07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="O que é AC DC:"/><title type='text'>O que é AC DC</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; trbidi=&quot;on&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: Lato, HelveticaNeue, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 20.700000762939453px; margin-right: 5px; max-width: 690px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: black; color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;AC DC&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;é o nome de uma&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;banda de rock australiana&lt;/strong&gt;, criada em 1973, pelos irmãos Angus e Malcolm e George Young. A banda tem um estilo de rock pesado, e foi uma das primeiras a investir em um estilo heavy metal, juntamente com Iron Maiden, Led Zeppelin etc. O nome da banda é uma sigla que significa corrente elétrica, e recebe esse nome pelo tipo de música que a banda toca.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: black; color: white;&quot;&gt;AC DC Correntes Elétricas&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: black; color: white;&quot;&gt;AC DC é a sigla para alternating current/direct current, que significa &quot;corrente alternada/corrente contínua&quot;, em português. O nome da banda foi criado após Angus e Malcolm verem a máquina de costura da irmã mais velha deles. Escolherem esse nome pois essas correntes são elétricas, e deram esse nome para demonstrar a energia e a vontade de fazerem sucesso. O nome da banda é pronunciado letra por letra.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: black; color: white;&quot;&gt;AC/DC Banda&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: black; color: white;&quot;&gt;Alguns grupos religiosos dizem que o termo significa Anti-Christ/Death-Christ, que trauduzindo é Anti Cristo Morte de Cristo, muito influenciado pelo tipo de música que a banda toca e pelas atitudes, porém isso são apenas boatos, e a versão oficial da banda é a da máquina de costura.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: black; color: white;&quot;&gt;FONTE:&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.significados.com.br/&quot;&gt;http://www.significados.com.br&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/5540845815036400080/posts/default/4110101546678942436'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/5540845815036400080/posts/default/4110101546678942436'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://eletricadownload.blogspot.com/2013/09/o-que-e-ac-dc.html' title='O que é AC DC'/><author><name>EMERSON LUIZ CRUZ</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/12203793046792254728</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5540845815036400080.post-7913671925879730545</id><published>2013-09-03T08:44:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2013-09-03T08:45:35.233-07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="O que é Eletricidade."/><title type='text'>O que é Eletricidade</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; trbidi=&quot;on&quot;&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: black; color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Eletricidade&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;é a parte da&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;física&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;que se ocupa do estudo dos fenômenos compreendidos na&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;eletrostática&lt;/strong&gt;, na&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;eletrocinética&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;e no&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;eletromagnetismo&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: black; color: white;&quot;&gt;Sujeita à lei da conservação da energia, é uma das formas que pode adotar a energia e que dá lugar a múltiplos fenômenos, tais como caloríficos, mecânicos, luminosos, etc. Baseia-se no movimento das cargas elétricas, estando, portanto, vinculada ao estado dos átomos do material considerado. Este diz-se que se encontra no estado neutro quando há igualdade de cargas positivas e negativas no seu interior, encontrando-se no estado positivo quando há deficiência de elétrons e negativo quando estes estão em excesso. Estes estados dão, por sua vez, lugar ao aparecimento de forças elétricas de atração e repulsão, dependentes do sinal das cargas. A sua intensidade é maior do que a das forças gravíticas, sendo originadas mediante distribuições adequadas daquelas cargas, o que provoca o aparecimento de campos elétricos em seu redor.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: black; color: white;&quot;&gt;O nome eletricidade provém do vocábulo grego êlektron (âmbar), devido ao conhecimento que havia desde a Antiguidade, observado, entre outros, por Tales de Mileto, do fenómeno da atração eletrostática de corpos ligeiros provocada por uma vareta de âmbar previamente friccionada (eletrificação por fricção).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: black; color: white;&quot;&gt;Corrente elétrica&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: black; color: white;&quot;&gt;O deslocamento livre de elétrons no interior do material (um metal, por exemplo) provoca a aparição da chamada corrente elétrica, a qual origina efeitos físicos diversos, tais como o efeito de Joule (calorífico), a eletrólise (químico) ou a indução magnética (magnético). O transporte da corrente elétrica, a qual pode ser, de acordo com a sua forma de propagação, alterna ou contínua, pode se dar igualmente em condições adequadas, no seio de gases e líquidos.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: black; color: white;&quot;&gt;Eletricidade e magnetismo&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: black; color: white;&quot;&gt;Existe uma ligação próxima entre a corrente elétrica e o campo magnético, dado que este é gerado pela presença de cargas em movimento e, inversamente, a sua variação pode dar origem ao aparecimento de uma corrente elétrica (indução). A integração dos campos elétrico e magnético origina o campo eletromagnético de cujo estudo se ocupa o eletromagnetismo.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: black; color: white;&quot;&gt;Em 1826, H. C. Oersted descobriu experimentalmente a relação entre a eletricidade e o magnetismo, ao observar o desvio de uma agulha magnetizada, provocado pela influência da corrente elétrica que percorria um condutor colocado na sua proximidade. Um pouco mais tarde, F. Aragó magnetizou uma agulha colocada sob a influência de um condutor enrolado em espiral; entretanto, Ampère descobriu que as correntes se atraem ou repelem ao percorrerem condutores na mesma direção ou em direções contrárias, o que o levou a inventar o eletroíman abrindo assim o campo ao eletromagnetismo.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: black; color: white;&quot;&gt;Em 1831, Faraday iniciou a transformação da energia elétrica em trabalho mecânico (indução eletromagnética), fazendo rodar alguns ímans previamente colocados junto a um circuito, o que permitiu descobrir uma nova forma de gerar eletricidade e demonstrar assim a íntima relação entre esta e o magnetismo.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: black; color: white;&quot;&gt;Eletricidade estática&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: black; color: white;&quot;&gt;Eletricidade estática consiste em uma forma de eletricidade que se encontra em equilíbrio ou repouso, e por isso não está se movimentando de um objeto para outro. A área da física que estuda cargas elétricas em repouso é a eletrostática.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: black; color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: black; color: white;&quot;&gt;FONTE:&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.significados.com.br/&quot;&gt;http://www.significados.com.br&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/5540845815036400080/posts/default/7913671925879730545'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/5540845815036400080/posts/default/7913671925879730545'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://eletricadownload.blogspot.com/2013/09/o-que-e-eletricidade.html' title='O que é Eletricidade'/><author><name>EMERSON LUIZ CRUZ</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/12203793046792254728</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5540845815036400080.post-7022688905385591947</id><published>2013-08-31T07:51:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2013-08-31T07:51:47.527-07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Correção de fator de potência"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Curiosidades"/><title type='text'>  Correção de fator de potência</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; trbidi=&quot;on&quot;&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: black; color: white;&quot;&gt;O fator do potência (FP) de um sistema elétrico qualquer, que está operando em corrente alternada (CA), é definido pela razão da potência real ou potência ativa pela potência total ou potência aparente.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;text-decoration: underline;&quot;&gt;Teoria&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ondas de tensão (V) e corrente (I) em fase. A carga possui característica resistiva (se senoidal perfeita, FP=1). Ângulo de fase ?=0°.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Em circuitos de corrente alternada (CA) puramente resistivos, as ondas de tensão e de corrente elétrica estão em fase, ou seja, mudando a sua polaridade no mesmo instante em cada ciclo. Quando cargas reativas estão presentes, tais como capacitores ou condensadores e indutores, o armazenamento de energia nessas cargas resulta em uma diferença de fase entre as ondas de tensão e corrente. Uma vez que essa energia armazenada retorna para a fonte e não produz trabalho útil, um circuito com baixo fator de potência terá correntes elétricas maiores para realizar o mesmo trabalho do que um circuito com alto fator de potência.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;O fluxo de potência em circuitos de corrente alternada tem três componentes: potência ativa (P), medida em watts (W); potência aparente (S ou N), medida em volt-ampères (VA); e potência reativa (Q), medida em var,(var), este grafado sempre em letras minúsculas.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A potência ativa é a capacidade do circuito de produzir trabalho em um determinado período de tempo. Devido aos elementos reativos da carga, a potência aparente, que é o produto da tensão pela corrente do circuito, será igual ou maior do que a potência ativa.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A potência reativa é a medida da energia armazenada que é devolvida para a fonte durante cada ciclo de corrente alternada. É a energia que é utilizada para produzir os campos elétrico e magnético necessários para o funcionamento de certos tipos de cargas como, por exemplo, retificadores industriais e motores elétricos.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;O fator de potência pode ser expresso como:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;FP=P/S&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;No caso de formas de onda perfeitamente senoidais, P, Q e S podem ser representados por vetores que formam um triângulo retângulo, também conhecido como triângulo de potências, sendo que:&lt;br /&gt;Triângulo retângulo que representa a relação entre as potências aparente (S), ativa (P) e reativa (Q).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;S²=P²+Q²&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Se ? é o ângulo de fase entre as de ondas de corrente e tensão, então o fator de potência é igual a \left|\cos\phi\right|, e:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;P = S |cos phi|&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Por definição, o fator de potência é um número adimensional entre 0 e 1. Quando o fator de potência é igual a zero (0), o fluxo de energia é inteiramente reativo, e a energia armazenada é devolvida totalmente à fonte em cada ciclo. Quando o fator de potência é 1, toda a energia fornecida pela fonte é consumida pela carga. Normalmente o fator de potência é assinalado como atrasado ou adiantado para identificar o sinal do ângulo de fase entre as ondas de corrente e tensão elétricas.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;O fator de potência é determinado pelo tipo de carga ligada ao sistema elétrico, que pode ser:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Resistiva&lt;br /&gt;Indutiva&lt;br /&gt;Capacitiva&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Se uma carga puramente resistiva é conectada ao sistema, a corrente e a tensão mudarão de polaridade em fase, nesse caso o fator de potência será unitário (1), e a energia elétrica flui numa mesma direção através do sistema em cada ciclo. Cargas indutivas tais como motores e transformadores (equipamentos com bobinas) produzem potência reativa com a onda de corrente atrasada em relação à tensão. Cargas capacitivas tais como bancos de capacitores ou cabos elétricos enterrados produzem potência reativa com corrente adiantada em relação à tensão. Ambos os tipos de carga absorverão energia durante parte do ciclo de corrente alternada, apenas para devolver essa energia novamente para a fonte durante o resto do ciclo.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Por exemplo, para se obter 1 kW de potência ativa quando o fator de potência é unitário (igual a 1), 1 kVA de potência aparente será necessariamente transferida (1 kVA = 1 kW ÷ 1). Sob baixos valores de fator de potência, será necessária a transferência de uma maior quantidade de potência aparente para se obter a mesma potência ativa. Para se obter 1 kW de potência ativa com fator de potência 0,2 será necessário transferir 5 kVA de potência aparente (1 kW = 5 kVA × 0,2).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Frequentemente é possível corrigir o fator de potência para um valor próximo ao unitário. Essa prática é conhecida como correção do fator de potência e é conseguida mediante o acoplamento de bancos de indutores ou capacitores, com uma potência reativa Q contrário ao da carga, tentando ao máximo anular essa componente. Por exemplo, o efeito indutivo de motores pode ser anulado com a conexão em paralelo de um capacitor (ou banco) junto ao equipamento.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;As perdas de energia aumentam com o aumento da corrente elétrica transmitida. Quando a carga tem fator de potência menor do que 1, mais corrente é requerida para suprir a mesma quantidade de potência útil. As concessionárias de energia estabelecem que os consumidores, especialmente os que possuem cargas maiores, mantenham os fatores de potência de suas instalações elétricas dentro de um limite mínimo,hoje 0,92 estuda-se aumentar para 0,96 caso contrário serão penalizados com cobranças adicionais. Engenheiros freqüentemente analisam o fator de potência de uma carga como um dos indicadores que afetam a eficiência da transmissão e geração de energia elétrica.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;text-decoration: underline;&quot;&gt;Componentes não-senoidais&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Em circuitos que têm apenas tensão e corrente alternadas, o efeito do fator de potência cresce somente com a diferença de fase entre ambas. Isso é conhecido como &quot;fator de potência de deslocamento&quot;. Este conceito pode ser generalizado para fatores de potência reais onde a potência aparente inclui componentes de distorção harmônica. Isso possui uma importância prática em sistemas de potência que contém cargas não-lineares tais como retificadores, algumas formas de iluminação elétrica, fornos a arco, equipamentos de solda, fontes chaveadas, entre outros.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Um exemplo particularmente importante são os milhões de computadores pessoais que possuem fontes chaveadas com potência variando entre 150 W a 500 W. Historicamente, essas fontes de baixo custo incorporam um retificador simples de onda completa que conduzem apenas quando a tensão instantânea excede a tensão no capacitor de entrada. Isso produz altos picos de corrente de entrada, que, por sua vez, produzem distorções no fator de potência e problemas de carregamento, tanto dos condutores fase como neutro das instalações e dos sistemas elétricos.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Um multímetro típico fará leituras incorretas de correntes que possuam componentes harmônicas. Será necessário um multímetro que meça o valor true RMS para se medir o valor real das correntes e tensões (e a potência aparente por consequência). Para medir a potência ativa ou reativa será necessário escolher adequadamente o wattímetro, para que faça medições de correntes não-senoidais.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;text-decoration: underline;&quot;&gt;Legislação&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;No Brasil, a Agência Nacional de Energia Elétrica - ANEEL estabelece que o fator de potência nas unidades consumidoras deve ser superior a 0,92 capacitivo durante 6 horas da madrugada e 0,92 indutivo durante as outras 18 horas do dia. Esse limite é determinado pelo Artigo nº 95 da Resolução ANEEL nº414 de 09 de setembro de 2010, e quem descumpre está sujeito a uma espécie de multa que leva em conta o fator de potência medido e a energia consumida ao longo de um mês.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A mesma resolução estabelece que a exigência de medição do fator de potência pelas concessionárias é obrigatória para unidades consumidoras de alta tensão (supridas com mais de 1000 V) e facultativa para unidades consumidoras de baixa tensão (abaixo de 1000 V, como residências em geral). A cobrança em baixa tensão, na prática, raramente ocorre, pois o fator de potência deste tipo de unidade consumidora geralmente está acima de 0,92. Não compensa, pois demanda a instalação de medidores de energia reativa.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;No Brasil, ainda não existe legislação para regulamentar os limites das distorções harmônicas nas instalações elétricas.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: black; color: white;&quot;&gt;Na Digel, dispomos de um excelente parceiro em soluções para Correção de Fator de Potência, é a WEG.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/5540845815036400080/posts/default/7022688905385591947'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/5540845815036400080/posts/default/7022688905385591947'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://eletricadownload.blogspot.com/2013/08/correcao-de-fator-de-potencia.html' title='  Correção de fator de potência'/><author><name>EMERSON LUIZ CRUZ</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/12203793046792254728</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5540845815036400080.post-3775397442028837953</id><published>2013-08-31T06:29:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2013-08-31T06:33:40.980-07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Curiosidades"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="O que é sinal PNP e NPN? Qual a diferença entre saída NPN e saída PNP?"/><title type='text'>O que é sinal PNP e NPN? Qual a diferença entre saída NPN e saída PNP?</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; trbidi=&quot;on&quot;&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: white;&quot;&gt;Como resposta de modo mais simples para entendermos as nomenclaturas PNP e NPN é pensarmos no sinal de saída.&lt;br /&gt;Vamos usar o exemplo de um sensor com saída digital transistor (VCC).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A maioria dos sensores, por norma, são alimentados por fios nas cores [marrom (+)] e [azul (-)], e obtemos o sinal de saída no fio [preto].&lt;br /&gt;Assim, se o sinal de saída do sensor for&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong&gt;NPN&lt;/strong&gt;, você deve ligar a carga entre os fios marrom e preto (obedecendo a polaridade da carga).&lt;br /&gt;Já se for um sensor com saída&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong&gt;PNP&lt;/strong&gt;, você deve conectar a carga entre os fios azul e preto (obedecendo a polaridade da carga).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Para facilitar:&lt;br /&gt;Se for&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;text-decoration: underline;&quot;&gt;P&lt;/span&gt;NP, o sinal de saída do sensor é&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;text-decoration: underline;&quot;&gt;P&lt;/span&gt;ositivo.&lt;br /&gt;Se for&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;text-decoration: underline;&quot;&gt;N&lt;/span&gt;PN, o sinal de saída é&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;text-decoration: underline;&quot;&gt;N&lt;/span&gt;egativo.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;http://www.digel.com.br/novosite/images/stories/pnp_npn.jpg&quot; height=&quot;400&quot; style=&quot;border: 0px none;&quot; width=&quot;351&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: white;&quot;&gt;FONTE:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.digel.com.br/&quot;&gt;http://www.digel.com.br&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/5540845815036400080/posts/default/3775397442028837953'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/5540845815036400080/posts/default/3775397442028837953'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://eletricadownload.blogspot.com/2013/08/o-que-e-sinal-pnp-e-npn-qual-diferenca.html' title='O que é sinal PNP e NPN? Qual a diferença entre saída NPN e saída PNP?'/><author><name>EMERSON LUIZ CRUZ</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/12203793046792254728</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5540845815036400080.post-5290281336922590405</id><published>2013-08-31T06:08:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2013-08-31T06:08:23.225-07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Conheça o Relé de Estado Sólido"/><title type='text'>Conheça o Relé de Estado Sólido</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; trbidi=&quot;on&quot;&gt;
&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;img src=&quot;https://encrypted-tbn3.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcQrk1t5eUCGbKHrome-flfsw9xD31P6lO60v85yAfljEdWHLynIVA&quot; /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: white;&quot;&gt;Também conhecidos como&amp;nbsp;“chave estática” ou “triac”, os reles de estado sólidos são chaves eletrônicas.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: white;&quot;&gt;Sua função é apenas fechar um ou mais “contatos” para a passagem de energia elétrica, como um contator, com a única diferença de que o contator tem contatos mecânicos e o rele de estado sólido tem&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong&gt;tiristores.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: white;&quot;&gt;O tiristor é uma espécie de diodo (componente que permite a passagem de corrente em um único sentido) que possui um “Gate”. O tiristor só permite a passagem da corrente se seu Gate for energizado. A passagem de corrente é feita sem a necessidade de “fechar” algum contato, pois ela passa pelo tiristor espontaneamente por processos químicos.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: white;&quot;&gt;O tiristor por ser um diodo, também só permite a passagem de corrente em um único sentido, mas o rele de estado sólido é projetado para conduzir corrente&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong&gt;alternada,&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;então para a sua construção, são necessários dois tiristores que conduzirão simulataneamente.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: black; color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;http://www.digel.com.br/novosite/images/stories/ssr1.jpg&quot; style=&quot;border: 0px none;&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;em&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: white;&quot;&gt;O diodo é formado por anodo (positivo) e catodo (negativo), e só aceitará conduzir se a corrente estiver positiva no anodo ou negativa no catodo.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: black; color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;O tiristor funciona de igual forma, porém só conduz com o Gate energizado, e é formado por fonte (positivo), dreno (negativo) e GATE (positivo),&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Para controlar o rele de estado sólido, é necessário alimenta-lo com corrente contínua, somente para energizar o GATE dos tiristores.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;175&quot; src=&quot;http://www.digel.com.br/novosite/images/stories/ssr2.jpg&quot; style=&quot;border: 0px none;&quot; width=&quot;139&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: white;&quot;&gt;As vantagens do uso de relés de estado sólido estão no fato de não necessitarem fechar os contatos, isso faz com que não gerem arcos voltaicos, que com a ausência disso, ele pode conduzir e bloquear a corrente por dezenas de vezes durante um curto período de tempo sem danificar seus “contatos”.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: white;&quot;&gt;São aplicados principalmente no controle resistências, em que o controle exige o acionamento e desligamento diversas vezes num intervalo de tempo muito curto.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: white;&quot;&gt;Dimmer:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: white;&quot;&gt;É uma espécie de rele de estado sólido, mas além de conduzir e bloquear a corrente, ele também dá a possibilidade de controlar a potência da carga.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: white;&quot;&gt;Seu funcionamento é bem simples, se dá apenas por um jeito “esperto” de disparar seu GATE.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: white;&quot;&gt;O dimmer possui um circuito eletrônico que vai pulsando o sinal do GATE, ou seja, conduz e bloqueia a corrente diversas vezes por segundo. Isso vai gerando “cortes” na tensão. Essa sucessão de cortes faz com que a eficiência da corrente diminua, esse processo “engana” a carga fazendo parecer que está chegando uma tensão menor em seus terminais, e, com uma tensão menor, a potência também será menor.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: white;&quot;&gt;A tensão de saída do dimmer é inversamente proporcional ao tempo de disparo do GATE, ou seja, quanto maior o tempo entre um disparo e outro, menor será a tensão resultante.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: white;&quot;&gt;Para ajustar esse tempo de disparo, o dimmer possui um potenciômetro externo, que o usuário aumenta ou diminui a potência através do mesmo.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: black; color: white;&quot;&gt;FONTE&lt;/span&gt;:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.digel.com.br/&quot;&gt;http://www.digel.com.br&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/5540845815036400080/posts/default/5290281336922590405'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/5540845815036400080/posts/default/5290281336922590405'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://eletricadownload.blogspot.com/2013/08/conheca-o-rele-de-estado-solido_31.html' title='Conheça o Relé de Estado Sólido'/><author><name>EMERSON LUIZ CRUZ</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/12203793046792254728</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5540845815036400080.post-2978968755408916744</id><published>2013-08-30T16:55:00.001-07:00</published><updated>2013-08-30T16:55:25.898-07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Redes Wireless – Conceitos Básicos V"/><title type='text'>Redes Wireless – Conceitos Básicos V</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; trbidi=&quot;on&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;h3 style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 1.5em; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1; margin: 0px 0px 1em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: black; color: white;&quot;&gt;Antenas (Continuação)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: black; color: white;&quot;&gt;Antenas tipo Painel Setorial&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h4&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: black; color: white;&quot;&gt;As antenas do tipo painel setorial são aquelas que concentram a potência irradiada em um setor de circunferência, conforme observa-se em seu diagrama de irradiação. A Figura 1 mostra uma vista de uma antena tipo painel setorial.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjgTbch-GgNQI7FDBmoOTQ2BuTgkMK5EDFQtNAn17G6XaJViF1hsUJSoLtc7fvNuvxDJ9CpngiI5Hqc988xXV1AmIpRt9oYRVxP-uaQUBBD47gVyUUbotfZR68qJOZ8jPjzJEMJe_c6snw/s1600/Antena_Painel_setorial.jpg&quot; style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: black; color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; class=&quot;aligncenter&quot; height=&quot;249&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjgTbch-GgNQI7FDBmoOTQ2BuTgkMK5EDFQtNAn17G6XaJViF1hsUJSoLtc7fvNuvxDJ9CpngiI5Hqc988xXV1AmIpRt9oYRVxP-uaQUBBD47gVyUUbotfZR68qJOZ8jPjzJEMJe_c6snw/s320/Antena_Painel_setorial.jpg&quot; style=&quot;border: 0px; display: block; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; height: auto; margin: 0px auto; max-width: 680px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: black; color: white;&quot;&gt;Figura 1 – Vista de uma antena tipo painel setorial&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: center; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: black; color: white;&quot;&gt;(Fonte:&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.tsm.com.br/produto.php?id_modelo=125&quot; style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;http://www.tsm.com.br/produto.php?id_modelo=125&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: black; color: white;&quot;&gt;A Figura 2 mostra os diagramas de irradiação vertical e horizontal deste tipo de antena.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: black; color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgIJklSsfnpv1x7lK3EY2SCcpYlHTq9MB1jPl-YirDgYmDWWtgyA_YBg1Y7uc0UWLVOKRT4x6Jkp-qxWkCAtHoX3Ft3ZafebA0bz5cjEllUULWCQVsRZNE7PYuJ-Iw9BSgnNIrECR-LV-Y/s1600/Diagrama_Irradia%C3%A7%C3%A3o_PainelSet_E.jpg&quot; style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; class=&quot;aligncenter&quot; height=&quot;200&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgIJklSsfnpv1x7lK3EY2SCcpYlHTq9MB1jPl-YirDgYmDWWtgyA_YBg1Y7uc0UWLVOKRT4x6Jkp-qxWkCAtHoX3Ft3ZafebA0bz5cjEllUULWCQVsRZNE7PYuJ-Iw9BSgnNIrECR-LV-Y/s200/Diagrama_Irradia%C3%A7%C3%A3o_PainelSet_E.jpg&quot; style=&quot;border: 0px; display: block; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; height: auto; margin: 0px auto; max-width: 680px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot; width=&quot;200&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjw-MBeTFQdtGGjd4pAZI-c4Fwmm9B9Fnokhw3pmm1myru10AeZEzlmcgc2dBkXdvW6ONhGIi0TEAayRz6uwCxBzkI9LNw7QTuKq-gKjpD5uCFOG9BAqNQL81gjm_GSUBFALbE3uiQbcmM/s1600/Diagrama_Irradia%C3%A7%C3%A3o_PainelSet_H.jpg&quot; style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; class=&quot;aligncenter&quot; height=&quot;200&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjw-MBeTFQdtGGjd4pAZI-c4Fwmm9B9Fnokhw3pmm1myru10AeZEzlmcgc2dBkXdvW6ONhGIi0TEAayRz6uwCxBzkI9LNw7QTuKq-gKjpD5uCFOG9BAqNQL81gjm_GSUBFALbE3uiQbcmM/s200/Diagrama_Irradia%C3%A7%C3%A3o_PainelSet_H.jpg&quot; style=&quot;border: 0px; display: block; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; height: auto; margin: 0px auto; max-width: 680px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot; width=&quot;200&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: black; color: white;&quot;&gt;Figura 2 – Diagramas de irradiação vertical e horizontal de uma antena tipo painel setorial.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: black; color: white;&quot;&gt;(Fonte:&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.tsm.com.br/produto.php?id_modelo=125&quot; style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;http://www.tsm.com.br/produto.php?id_modelo=125&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: black; color: white;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: black; color: white;&quot;&gt;Este tipo de antena tem aplicação em sistemas do tipo ponto-multiponto, ou seja, ela estaria instalada em um equipamento de uma central de controle e monitoramento, por exemplo, e os outros equipamentos que se comunicariam com esta central estariam espalhados na região de abrangência dessa antena.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: black; color: white;&quot;&gt;Já observei este tipo de antena aplicada em sistemas ponto-a-ponto, ou seja, apenas dois equipamentos wireless se comunicando entre si. É claro que estava funcionando, mas, do ponto de vista técnico, não seria a melhor solução, pois certamente há potência irradiada em direções desnecessárias (desperdício de energia) e um outro desperdício é o de dinheiro, pois o custo destas antenas é um maior (de 40 a 70%) do que uma antena Yagi, que seria a recomendada para um sistema ponto-a-ponto.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: black; color: white;&quot;&gt;Antenas parabólicas&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h4&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: black; color: white;&quot;&gt;As antenas parabólicas são aquelas que focalizam a potência irradiada em uma direção específica, proporcionando enlaces de longo alcance. Estas antenas podem se apresentar em duas formas básicas, que são a parabólica vazada (Ver exemplo na Figura 3) e a parabílica sólida (Ver exemplo na Figura 4).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin-bottom: 10px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjPhfX4af16vSTc3uB7hjXefCAudSsIgZuziiCWsRferygOkSXDCGNGP8zZdqDVZbKQEivrUPWJxBa0HrIUN9e75mAPKzwJW3NrXjvBo4n35NkqUvukfdMgUE9QJ2i8PKzvI_XKBDVFUUU/s1600/Antena_parabolica_vazada.JPG&quot; style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: black; color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; class=&quot;aligncenter&quot; height=&quot;200&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjPhfX4af16vSTc3uB7hjXefCAudSsIgZuziiCWsRferygOkSXDCGNGP8zZdqDVZbKQEivrUPWJxBa0HrIUN9e75mAPKzwJW3NrXjvBo4n35NkqUvukfdMgUE9QJ2i8PKzvI_XKBDVFUUU/s200/Antena_parabolica_vazada.JPG&quot; style=&quot;border: 0px; display: block; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; height: auto; margin: 0px auto; max-width: 680px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot; width=&quot;200&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: black; color: white;&quot;&gt;Figura 3 – Antena parabólica vazada&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: black; color: white;&quot;&gt;(Fonte:&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.l-com.com/item.aspx?id=21694&quot; style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;http://www.l-com.com/item.aspx?id=21694&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: black; color: white;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: black; color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgnK0d_gMWRSIFhkwjrp6zc576ow_aegU0OllT2HqF6OIxtbxYDV6rtHcCVv6Kdo6SSERDIXK4VFvolNqfs8SM2x5kgdkf8HEi08ApOP3AA62uHUq3kkdlP52hFUz423DEo6V6gDN_ZlFo/s1600/Antena_parabolica_solida.JPG&quot; style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; class=&quot;aligncenter&quot; height=&quot;200&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgnK0d_gMWRSIFhkwjrp6zc576ow_aegU0OllT2HqF6OIxtbxYDV6rtHcCVv6Kdo6SSERDIXK4VFvolNqfs8SM2x5kgdkf8HEi08ApOP3AA62uHUq3kkdlP52hFUz423DEo6V6gDN_ZlFo/s200/Antena_parabolica_solida.JPG&quot; style=&quot;border: 0px; display: block; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; height: auto; margin: 0px auto; max-width: 680px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot; width=&quot;200&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: black; color: white;&quot;&gt;Figura 4 – Antena parabólica sólida&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: black; color: white;&quot;&gt;(Fonte :&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.l-com.com/item.aspx?id=21694&quot; style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;http://www.l-com.com/item.aspx?id=21694&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: black; color: white;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: black; color: white;&quot;&gt;De acordo com a definição, estas antenas apresentam um diagrama de irradiação muito parecido, tanto na vertical como horizontal, conforme mostra o exemplo da Figura 5.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjc5hVT0wP6r9QeL_t2j5hcTpEKaltjQo1PfYJMWIFfXGX3P5pd-MnF-9KSFr0TQzdq8zT9bF9Gm83hP4uAIoBgjKGsswKUXJJh_PHGzVyvwD3mjoj75T61h27LFoVlBbv92o6v0kShviE/s1600/Diagramas_parabolica_vazada.gif&quot; style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: black; color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; class=&quot;aligncenter&quot; height=&quot;173&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjc5hVT0wP6r9QeL_t2j5hcTpEKaltjQo1PfYJMWIFfXGX3P5pd-MnF-9KSFr0TQzdq8zT9bF9Gm83hP4uAIoBgjKGsswKUXJJh_PHGzVyvwD3mjoj75T61h27LFoVlBbv92o6v0kShviE/s320/Diagramas_parabolica_vazada.gif&quot; style=&quot;border: 0px; display: block; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; height: auto; margin: 0px auto; max-width: 680px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: black; color: white;&quot;&gt;Figura 5 – Diagrama de irradiação de uma antena parabólica vazada&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: black; color: white;&quot;&gt;(Fonte:&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.l-com.com/item.aspx?id=21694&quot; style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;http://www.l-com.com/item.aspx?id=21694&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: black; color: white;&quot;&gt;Este tipo de antena é usado principalmente em sistemas ponto-a-ponto, devido ao ângulo de abertura dos diagramas de irradiação. Há a possibilidade de aplicação deste tipo em sistemas ponto-multiponto, sendo a central uma antena painel setorial ou omnidirecional, lembrando que se for o caso de uso de uma antena omnidirecional, as antenas parabólicas deverão ser montadas na polarização vertical, pois a antena omnidirecional só possui este tipo de polarização.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: black; color: white;&quot;&gt;A antena parabólica vazada é um tipo de antena muito utilizada para acesso residencial a provedores de internet sem fio. Com o objetivo de fornecer algo de baixo custo, nem sempre se tem o trabalho de “engenheirar” uma solução com uma antena de menor ganho nem a preocupação de se utilizar equipamentos homologados na ANATEL e nem sequer seguir a legislação vigente (o menor ganho de antenas deste tipo é bem superior ao limite estabelecido pela ANATEL que é de 6 dBi. Acima deste valor, a potência do equipamento ligado à antena deve ser reduzida em 1dB para cada dBi acima de 6 dbi).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: black; color: white;&quot;&gt;A principal consequência deste uso indiscriminado não é observado a curto prazo, pois dependendo do local de instalação, pessoas ficam expostas sem saber a altos níveis de irradiação eletromagnética. Ainda não se sabem ao certo as consequências… como diz um amigo meu, pode até não atrapalhar, mas ajudar não ajuda!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: black; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: white;&quot;&gt;Cabos&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: black; color: white;&quot;&gt;Os cabos são os elementos utilizados para conduzir as ondas eletromagnéticas entre o equipamento e a antena e vice-versa. Os cabos são elementos que provocam perdas no sistema, ou seja, quanto maior o comprimento do cabo, maiores serão as atenuações inseridas no circuito entre a antena e o equipamento transceptor. Estas perdas são dependentes também da frequência de trabalho do sistema onde ele está inserido.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: black; color: white;&quot;&gt;Alguns dos tipos mais comuns de cabos são mostrados na Tabela 1, onde também é mostrado o valor da atenuação para cada tipo de cabo.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px; border: 1px solid black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1.4em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle; width: 479px;&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid black; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 4px 10px 4px 5px; vertical-align: middle;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: black; color: white;&quot;&gt;Tipo de cabo&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid black; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 4px 10px 4px 5px; vertical-align: middle;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: black; color: white;&quot;&gt;Foto&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid black; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 4px 10px 4px 5px; vertical-align: middle;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: black; color: white;&quot;&gt;Perda em 900Mhz (dB)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid black; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 4px 10px 4px 5px; vertical-align: middle;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: black; color: white;&quot;&gt;Perda em 2,5Ghz (dB)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid black; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 4px 10px 4px 5px; vertical-align: middle;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: black; color: white;&quot;&gt;Perda em 5,8Ghz (dB)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid black; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 4px 10px 4px 5px; vertical-align: middle;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: black; color: white;&quot;&gt;RG-58&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid black; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 4px 10px 4px 5px; vertical-align: middle;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhv6ftpg_0ZRDMI9D55nJOL7quxIaitxH_-eT6-ZPGWvAUEVhVRbdaFFhMvEJaDZdD28tIKP5bASWG0YC5luJJu3Tk2x3jLoHd7wSERLnBF4uC4WNvd_dl2LMpKqTtjXAbWLdnbyKJTgwE/s1600/RG58.png&quot; style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: black; color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;51&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhv6ftpg_0ZRDMI9D55nJOL7quxIaitxH_-eT6-ZPGWvAUEVhVRbdaFFhMvEJaDZdD28tIKP5bASWG0YC5luJJu3Tk2x3jLoHd7wSERLnBF4uC4WNvd_dl2LMpKqTtjXAbWLdnbyKJTgwE/s200/RG58.png&quot; style=&quot;border: none; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; height: auto; margin: 0px; max-width: 680px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot; width=&quot;200&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin-bottom: 10px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid black; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 4px 10px 4px 5px; vertical-align: middle;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: black; color: white;&quot;&gt;55,4&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid black; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 4px 10px 4px 5px; vertical-align: middle;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: black; color: white;&quot;&gt;116,8&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid black; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 4px 10px 4px 5px; vertical-align: middle;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: black; color: white;&quot;&gt;245,5&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid black; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 4px 10px 4px 5px; vertical-align: middle;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: black; color: white;&quot;&gt;RGC-58&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid black; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 4px 10px 4px 5px; vertical-align: middle;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjVYyTSM09sAaq7U-RQWrmAoAyDD25oQbfCIgUktOxlOPUr8RSCzvXxuNQAPZY3ZwPNWghP8kD3B_u_ZtPaivVJ8nUCQyZEZ10Dvcp5VX1S3kFkTtmlEIck1Lt-Y0ujpex8Rhiku6IhmI8/s1600/RGC58.png&quot; style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: black; color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;48&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjVYyTSM09sAaq7U-RQWrmAoAyDD25oQbfCIgUktOxlOPUr8RSCzvXxuNQAPZY3ZwPNWghP8kD3B_u_ZtPaivVJ8nUCQyZEZ10Dvcp5VX1S3kFkTtmlEIck1Lt-Y0ujpex8Rhiku6IhmI8/s200/RGC58.png&quot; style=&quot;border: none; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; height: auto; margin: 0px; max-width: 680px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot; width=&quot;200&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin-bottom: 10px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid black; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 4px 10px 4px 5px; vertical-align: middle;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: black; color: white;&quot;&gt;33,4&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid black; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 4px 10px 4px 5px; vertical-align: middle;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: black; color: white;&quot;&gt;58,1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid black; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 4px 10px 4px 5px; vertical-align: middle;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: black; color: white;&quot;&gt;93,6&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid black; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 4px 10px 4px 5px; vertical-align: middle;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: black; color: white;&quot;&gt;RG-213&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid black; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 4px 10px 4px 5px; vertical-align: middle;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgyvCIL6mjmG3N2th_WdTMv9zfcafqqOoZORm_pWWPEdt4-b0CiSehIUb8id7FocQ87HF7mvEGpUzpOQSKPchyphenhyphenXBPLvco48fICqpA4R_7sx0xwW85jaJbDUBAcdWkxhTbJaQg8EsYsPHAQ/s1600/RG213.png&quot; style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: black; color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;56&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgyvCIL6mjmG3N2th_WdTMv9zfcafqqOoZORm_pWWPEdt4-b0CiSehIUb8id7FocQ87HF7mvEGpUzpOQSKPchyphenhyphenXBPLvco48fICqpA4R_7sx0xwW85jaJbDUBAcdWkxhTbJaQg8EsYsPHAQ/s200/RG213.png&quot; style=&quot;border: none; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; height: auto; margin: 0px; max-width: 680px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot; width=&quot;200&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin-bottom: 10px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid black; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 4px 10px 4px 5px; vertical-align: middle;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: black; color: white;&quot;&gt;23,8&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid black; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 4px 10px 4px 5px; vertical-align: middle;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: black; color: white;&quot;&gt;49,2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid black; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 4px 10px 4px 5px; vertical-align: middle;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: black; color: white;&quot;&gt;98,6&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid black; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 4px 10px 4px 5px; vertical-align: middle;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: black; color: white;&quot;&gt;RGC-213&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid black; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 4px 10px 4px 5px; vertical-align: middle;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiyyuVxTgnrMiYLmbB8v5RdEkVndnvPTuh6tnLcyPLekAIGNEYKL0Hau_xp2VQz7STX-60fpWtLEdvDDMiRwmMnKXjZhBPWKXgS3DDgEWFcgOXFJa5K-6b6ugwBwN0cGzDU8G2IUV_4bfs/s1600/RGC213.png&quot; style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: black; color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;60&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiyyuVxTgnrMiYLmbB8v5RdEkVndnvPTuh6tnLcyPLekAIGNEYKL0Hau_xp2VQz7STX-60fpWtLEdvDDMiRwmMnKXjZhBPWKXgS3DDgEWFcgOXFJa5K-6b6ugwBwN0cGzDU8G2IUV_4bfs/s200/RGC213.png&quot; style=&quot;border: none; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; height: auto; margin: 0px; max-width: 680px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot; width=&quot;200&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin-bottom: 10px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid black; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 4px 10px 4px 5px; vertical-align: middle;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: black; color: white;&quot;&gt;13,6&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid black; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 4px 10px 4px 5px; vertical-align: middle;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: black; color: white;&quot;&gt;24,5&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid black; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 4px 10px 4px 5px; vertical-align: middle;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: black; color: white;&quot;&gt;40,9&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin-bottom: 10px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/center&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin-bottom: 10px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: center; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: black; color: white;&quot;&gt;Tabela 1 – Tipos de cabos mais comuns utilizados em sistemas wireless industriais e perdas características para algumas frequências&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;(Perdas para lances de 100m)&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: black; color: white;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin-bottom: 10px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: black; color: white;&quot;&gt;Não existe um “comprimento de cabo” recomendado para um sistema wireless. O cabo deverá ser dimensionado de acordo com a instalação, procurando sempre evitar grandes lances de cabo para evitar perdas.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin-bottom: 10px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: black; color: white;&quot;&gt;Os cabos devem ser instalados separados de cabos elétricos de alimentação de outros equipamentos. No caso de uso de eletrodutos, deve-se ter muito cuidado para não ferir o cabo (perda de isolamento pelo atrito com bordas de conduletes e eletrodutos), não deixar o cabo coaxial dobrado a 90° e evitar torção do cabo. Estas ações contribuem para a manutenção das caracterśticas elétricas do cabo, contribuindo para o bom funcionamento de qualquer sistema wireless.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin-bottom: 10px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: black; color: white;&quot;&gt;Os cabos não podem ter emendas comuns (soldagem de um cabo direto no outro). Este tipo de emenda é um ponto de maiores perdas, além do fato de que o isolante utilizado pode ter características diferentes e alterar as características elétricas do cabo. Se for necessário, em último caso, deve-se usar conectores para criar uma emenda no cabo.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin-bottom: 10px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: black; color: white;&quot;&gt;Mais importante do que os cabos coaxias é a instalação dos conectores. É muito frequente a instalação de conectores de maneira errada, precária e sem nenhum critério, o que com certeza comprometerá todo o funcionamento do sistema.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin-bottom: 10px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: black; color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin-bottom: 10px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: black; color: white;&quot;&gt;FONTE:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.automacoes.com/?p=16&quot;&gt;http://www.automacoes.com/?p=16&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/5540845815036400080/posts/default/2978968755408916744'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/5540845815036400080/posts/default/2978968755408916744'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://eletricadownload.blogspot.com/2013/08/redes-wireless-conceitos-basicos-v.html' title='Redes Wireless – Conceitos Básicos V'/><author><name>EMERSON LUIZ CRUZ</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/12203793046792254728</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjgTbch-GgNQI7FDBmoOTQ2BuTgkMK5EDFQtNAn17G6XaJViF1hsUJSoLtc7fvNuvxDJ9CpngiI5Hqc988xXV1AmIpRt9oYRVxP-uaQUBBD47gVyUUbotfZR68qJOZ8jPjzJEMJe_c6snw/s72-c/Antena_Painel_setorial.jpg" height="72" width="72"/></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5540845815036400080.post-4005425816383863491</id><published>2013-08-30T16:50:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2013-08-30T16:50:04.925-07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="O que é Automação?"/><title type='text'>O que é Automação?</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; trbidi=&quot;on&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 10px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: black; color: white;&quot;&gt;Vamos começar por um conceito básico: O que é automação?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 10px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: black; color: white;&quot;&gt;É um conjunto de técnicas aplicadas sobre um determinado processo com o objetivo de tornar o seu funcionamento o mais independente possível da intervenção humana.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 10px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: black; color: white;&quot;&gt;Por processo entendemos um conjunto de atividades ou passos para a produção de um bem ou execução de um determinado serviço.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 10px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: black; color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;&quot; name=&quot;more&quot; style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 10px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: black; color: white;&quot;&gt;Dentro deste contexto, surgem alguns ramos da automação:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;ul style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px 1.5em 1.5em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: black; color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automa%C3%A7%C3%A3o_industrial&quot; style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Veja artigo do Wikipédia sobre Automação Industrial&quot;&gt;Automação Industrial&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;– Onde as técnicas são aplicadas ao controle e otimização de um determindo processo industrial. Exemplos: Produção de Aço (processos siderúrgicos), Produção de Celulose, Extração e beneficiamento de minérios, Refino de petróleo, etc.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;ul style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px 1.5em 1.5em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: black; color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automa%C3%A7%C3%A3o_comercial&quot; style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Veja o artigo do Wikipédia sobre automação comercial&quot;&gt;Automação Comercial&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;– Aplicação das técnicas na otimização de processos comerciais, geralmente utilizndo-se mais software do que hardware, tais como: Sistemas Controle de Estoques, contas a pagar e receber, identificação de mercadorias por códigos de barras, etc.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;ul style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px 1.5em 1.5em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: black; color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automa%C3%A7%C3%A3o_residencial&quot; style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Veja o artigo do Wikipédia sobre automação residencial ou Domótica&quot;&gt;Automação Residencial&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;– Aplicação de técnicas no conforto e segurança de residências e conjuntos habitacionais, tais como: Controle de acesso, porteiro e portões eletrônicos, Circuitos Fechados de TV (CFTV), controle de luminosidade, controle de umidade, temperatura e ar condicionado (HVAC), etc. Atualmente esta área é conhecida como Domótica.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: black; color: white;&quot;&gt;Como ganhos possíveis na automação de um processo, temos o aumento da&amp;nbsp;eficiência do processo, reduzindo perdas de tempo, material, consumo de energia, contribuição com a preservação ambiental através da redução da&amp;nbsp;emissão de resíduos e melhores condições de segurança, principalmente humana.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: black;&quot;&gt;Para que a automação de um determinado processo seja possível, é necessário que seja realizado um estudo técnico (também chamado de engenharia básica) que fará o levantamento de todas as necessidades, a identificação, análise e determinação da melhor estratégia de controle, bem como os melhores e mais adequados recuros de hardware e/ou software&amp;nbsp;necessários para a aplicação.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: black; color: white;&quot;&gt;FONTE&lt;/span&gt; :&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.automacoes.com/&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;http://www.automacoes.com&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/5540845815036400080/posts/default/4005425816383863491'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/5540845815036400080/posts/default/4005425816383863491'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://eletricadownload.blogspot.com/2013/08/o-que-e-automacao.html' title='O que é Automação?'/><author><name>EMERSON LUIZ CRUZ</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/12203793046792254728</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5540845815036400080.post-6835589692869588621</id><published>2013-08-30T16:15:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2013-08-30T16:15:14.986-07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Especificação de cabos para redes Ethernet TCP/IP industriais – INTRODUÇÃO"/><title type='text'>Especificação de cabos para redes Ethernet TCP/IP industriais – INTRODUÇÃO</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; trbidi=&quot;on&quot;&gt;
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&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;img alt=&quot;network_destaque&quot; src=&quot;http://www.automacoes.com/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/network_destaque-300x175.jpg&quot; /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;color: white;&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;background-color: black;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;Introdução&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 10px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: black; color: white;&quot;&gt;Neste post será feita uma introdução sobre padronização de cabos de rede para utilização em sistemas de automação industrial. Julguei estas informações úteis principalmente pelos problemas vivenciados na prática, que poderiam ser evitados se o cabeamento fosse especificado corretamente ou se, durante a instalação, alguns fatos simples fossem observados. As dicas e informações aqui apresentadas poderão ser utilizadas em qualquer instalação de rede baseada em Ethernet TCP/IP, tais como&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.modbus.org/&quot; style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Acesse o site da Organização Modbus&quot;&gt;Modbus TCP&lt;/a&gt;,&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.siemon.com/br/whitepapers/ethernet-ip.asp&quot; style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Artigo Interessante sobre Ethernet/IP&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;Ethernet/IP&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;e&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.profibus.org.br/profinet.php&quot; style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Informações sobre a ProfiNET&quot;&gt;ProfiNET&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;span id=&quot;more-184&quot; style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 10px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: black; color: white;&quot;&gt;Características e influências em redes industriais&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 10px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: black; color: white;&quot;&gt;Considerando que a velocidade é uma característica de grande importância em qualquer rede de comunicação de dados, temos que esta está relacionada com a capacidade do canal de comunicação, que por sua vez é influenciada pelos fatores indicados na equação a seguir, que é a equação de&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shannon%E2%80%93Hartley_theorem&quot; style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;Shannon-Hartley&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 10px; padding: 0px; text-align: center; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: black; color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0px&quot; src=&quot;http://www.forkosh.com/mathtex.cgi?C%20=%20B%20\log_2%20\left(%201+\frac{S}{N}%20\right)&quot; style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; height: auto; margin: 0px; max-width: 680px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 10px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: black; color: white;&quot;&gt;Onde:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;ul style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px 1.5em 1.5em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: black; color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0px&quot; src=&quot;http://www.forkosh.com/mathtex.cgi?C&quot; style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; height: auto; margin: 0px; max-width: 680px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot; /&gt;&amp;nbsp;é a capacidade do canal de dados em bits por segundo;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: black; color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0px&quot; src=&quot;http://www.forkosh.com/mathtex.cgi?B&quot; style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; height: auto; margin: 0px; max-width: 680px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot; /&gt;&amp;nbsp;é a largura de banda do canal em hertz;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: black; color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0px&quot; src=&quot;http://www.forkosh.com/mathtex.cgi?S&quot; style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; height: auto; margin: 0px; max-width: 680px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot; /&gt;&amp;nbsp;é a potência média do sinal recebido em&amp;nbsp;&lt;em style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;watts&lt;/em&gt;;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: black; color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0px&quot; src=&quot;http://www.forkosh.com/mathtex.cgi?N&quot; style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; height: auto; margin: 0px; max-width: 680px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot; /&gt;&amp;nbsp;é a potência média do ruído ou interferência percebidoa, em&lt;em style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;watts&lt;/em&gt;; e&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: black; color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0px&quot; src=&quot;http://www.forkosh.com/mathtex.cgi?S/N&quot; style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; height: auto; margin: 0px; max-width: 680px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot; /&gt;&amp;nbsp;é a relação sinal ruído (&lt;em style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;signal-to-noise ratio SNR&lt;/em&gt;).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 10px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: black; color: white;&quot;&gt;Assim, dentre estes fatores que influenciam a capacidade do canal de comunicação e, consequentemente a velocidade de comunicação em uma rede, aquele que certamente sofrerá maior influência no ambiente industrial é a&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rela%C3%A7%C3%A3o_sinal-ru%C3%ADdo&quot; style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;relação sinal-ruído&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;(&lt;em style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;SNR – Signal to Noise Ratio&lt;/em&gt;).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 10px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: black; color: white;&quot;&gt;Em termos técnicos a relação sinal-ruído pode ser definida como “a razão entre a potência de um sinal e a potência do ruído sobreposto a este sinal”.&amp;nbsp;De forma mais simplificada, a relação sinal-ruído pode ser definida como um “fator indicativo de quantas vezes o nível do sinal recebido é superior ao ruído de fundo observado”. Não é difícil notar que, quanto maior a relação sinal ruído, melhor, pois significa que o sinal desejado sobressai, ou é mais intenso em relação ao ruído.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 10px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: black; color: white;&quot;&gt;Assim, as características do ambiente industrial, tais como a presença de grandes motores elétricos acionados por conversores de frequência, transformadores, o ligar e o desligar de máquinas potentes (como máquinas de solda, por exemplo), são somente alguns exemplos de grandes geradores de ruído eletromagnético e que certamente influenciarão no comportamento de sinais elétricos e redes de comunicação adjacentes, caso estas não estejam preparadas para este ambiente, reduzindo significativamente a SNR.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 10px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: black; color: white;&quot;&gt;É justamente neste ponto que a especificação dos cabos de rede é fundamental, bem como dos conectores apropriados e da certificação do cabo. Estes itens serão introduzidos aqui e melhor explicados nas próximas postagens.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 10px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: black; color: white;&quot;&gt;Especificação do cabo&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 10px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: black; color: white;&quot;&gt;A especificação do cabo de rede é um item primordial porque existem cabos apropriados para cada tipo de ambiente, desde casas e escritórios até para ambientes com interferências eletromagnéticas significativas presentes, esforços mecânicos envolvidos e mesmo fatores ambientais agressivos, e de uma forma bem lógica, os custos por metro de cabo acompanham a robustez e preparação de cada cabo. A figura a seguir mostra alguns exemplos de cabos (&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.alfaphonet.gr/en/articles/img/2/twisted-untwisted-pair-cables.jpg&quot; style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;fonte da imagem&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;wp-caption aligncenter&quot; id=&quot;attachment_285&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom-left-radius: 3px; border-bottom-right-radius: 3px; border-top-left-radius: 3px; border-top-right-radius: 3px; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; margin: 10px auto; max-width: 100%; padding: 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; vertical-align: baseline; width: 260px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.automacoes.com/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/twisted-untwisted-pair-cables.jpg&quot; style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: black; color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;twisted-untwisted-pair-cables&quot; class=&quot;size-full wp-image-285&quot; height=&quot;243&quot; src=&quot;http://www.automacoes.com/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/twisted-untwisted-pair-cables.jpg&quot; style=&quot;border: 0px none; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; height: auto; margin: 0px; max-width: 680px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot; width=&quot;250&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wp-caption-text&quot; style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 11px; font-style: inherit; line-height: 17px; padding: 0px 4px 5px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: black; color: white;&quot;&gt;Figura 01 – Alguns tipos de cabos para redes Ethernet TCP/IP&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 10px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: black; color: white;&quot;&gt;Assim, a&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabo_de_par_tran%C3%A7ado&quot; style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;categoria do cabo&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;(Categoria 5e, 6, etc) a blindagem externa e dos pares e a preparação externa do cabo, precisam ser detalhadas para a correta especificação do mesmo e, para isso, o ambiente onde o cabo será instalado precisa ser estudado. Dependendo do ambiente, pode ser até melhor utilizar fibras ópticas ao invés de cabos.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 10px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: black; color: white;&quot;&gt;Especificação de conectores&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 10px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: black; color: white;&quot;&gt;A especificação dos conectores que serão montados nos cabos também precisa ser coerente com o cabo especificado, pois, por exemplo, de que adianta especificar um cabo blindado se o conector a ser utilizado será plástico? Ou de que adianta utilizar um conector metálico em um cabo sem blindagem?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 10px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: black; color: white;&quot;&gt;Dependendo do ambiente, além do material de fabricação do conector, outras características podem ser necessárias como proteção contra entrada de água, portanto, assim como o cabo, um conhecimento do ambiente também determinará o tipo de conector.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 10px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: black; color: white;&quot;&gt;Certificação&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: black; color: white;&quot;&gt;Para finalizar esta postagem, a certificação do cabo é algo igualmente primordial, devido a questões de prevenção da indução eletromagnética entre condutores no interior do cabo, devido à crimpagem de cabos fora dos padrões. A Figura 2 mostra um exemplo de equipamento de certificação de cabos (mais informações sobre este equipamento&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://pt.flukenetworks.com/datacom-cabling/Versiv/DSX-5000-Cableanalyzer&quot; style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot; title=&quot;Acesse o site da Fluke Networks&quot;&gt;aqui&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;wp-caption aligncenter&quot; id=&quot;attachment_286&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom-left-radius: 3px; border-bottom-right-radius: 3px; border-top-left-radius: 3px; border-top-right-radius: 3px; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; margin: 10px auto; max-width: 100%; padding: 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; vertical-align: baseline; width: 310px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.automacoes.com/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/Certificacao_cabos.jpg&quot; style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: black; color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;Figura 03 - Equipamento de certificação de cabos de rede&quot; class=&quot;size-medium wp-image-286&quot; height=&quot;236&quot; src=&quot;http://www.automacoes.com/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/Certificacao_cabos-300x236.jpg&quot; style=&quot;border: 0px none; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; height: auto; margin: 0px; max-width: 680px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot; width=&quot;300&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wp-caption-text&quot; style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 11px; font-style: inherit; line-height: 17px; padding: 0px 4px 5px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: black; color: white;&quot;&gt;Figura 02 – Equipamento de certificação de cabos de rede&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: black; color: white;&quot;&gt;Este equipamento é capaz de medir ruídos, verificar curtos ou falhas no cabo, bem como verificar se a crimpagem do mesmo foi realizada corretamente. &amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: black;&quot;&gt;Fonte &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: black;&quot;&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.automacoes.com/?p=184&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;http://www.automacoes.com/?p=184&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/5540845815036400080/posts/default/6835589692869588621'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/5540845815036400080/posts/default/6835589692869588621'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://eletricadownload.blogspot.com/2013/08/especificacao-de-cabos-para-redes.html' title='Especificação de cabos para redes Ethernet TCP/IP industriais – INTRODUÇÃO'/><author><name>EMERSON LUIZ CRUZ</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/12203793046792254728</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5540845815036400080.post-3341295476246501053</id><published>2013-01-13T03:39:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2013-01-13T03:39:47.438-08:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Dicas"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="qual a difererença de sinais anlogico de digital"/><title type='text'> Diferença entre sinal digital e analógico</title><content type='html'>&lt;br /&gt;
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Atualmente o que mais se fala&amp;nbsp;de tecnologia é a modernização da transmissão de dados, esta é classificada em dois tipos: Analógica e Digital. Esta classificação é baseada no tipo de sinais utilizados nos sistemas.&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;strong&gt;Sinal Analógico&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;é um tipo de sinal contínuo que varia em função do tempo. A representação de um sinal analógico é uma curva. Como mostra a figura abaixo. Como exemplo, se um sinal varia&amp;nbsp;seus valores&amp;nbsp;0 a 10, o&amp;nbsp;sinal analógico passa por todos os valores intermediários possíveis (0.01 , 0.566 , 4.565 , 8.55...).&amp;nbsp;Sendo assim a faixa de frequência é bem maior e não tão confiável.&lt;/div&gt;
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src=&quot;data:image/jpeg;base64,/9j/4AAQSkZJRgABAQAAAQABAAD/2wCEAAkGBhQQEBQUEBQUFBUVGBYUFBUVFA8UFRQUFBcYFBQUFBQXHCYeFxkkGhQUHy8gIycpLCwsFR4xNTAqNSYsLCkBCQoKDAwNFA8MFCkYFBgpKSkpKSkpKSkpKSkpKSkpKSkpKSkpKSkpKSkpKSkpKSkpKSkpKSkpKSkpKSkpKSkpKf/AABEIAK0BJAMBIgACEQEDEQH/xAAaAAADAQEBAQAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAgMBBAUH/8QAPhAAAQICBgcFBwMEAQUAAAAAAQACAxEEEiExcYEiMkFRYbHBQnKCkbIFE1JiodHSFFOSIzOi8KNDY3Ph8f/EABUBAQEAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAB/8QAFREBAQAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAH/2gAMAwEAAhEDEQA/APuBSRIkhdtA8yB1TlSj3Zt9QQVmiaxCArLZpRetVGzWNdMIKVlwwCgeayshYTaM+iBpomsQgA5bNK3bitVGlyJpX9RzWoNmsrISDWOA5lBSaJrEFABy2aVty1AF1y2aR14zTINmsa+f1+hkhLDuzPMoHmsLkLHfbmgaaJrEICstmka605JkA98gTuWzSRLjgUyDZrK1qEvay6oKIQhQYVKPdm31BVK5YtJFUk6Ia8NJMtjwJ4KwdKEIRWC9asBtK1AFY24LSsZcMERqR2sM+idK68Z9FAyEIQKzbimSs24plRjvtzWpX3ZjmEyKEovOA6plGLHawkuIFwxvsG9BZBUYVLa4yBt3EOaZbwHAEqpuQDblqxlwwC1ArrxmmSuvGaZAJId2Z5lOlhXZnmUQyx5s8ua1LEuzHMIpkIQgRusck6Rus7LknQLEFhwPJMleLDgUyIFkrcksKMHTqmYBlO2UxfI7ck07ckU4QgIURhUo4szb6gqlQpTgGzJkJttPeCsE/dmHqCsz4dre5vHy+W5dEOKHCbTMFMuWP/TdXGqbInDYImVx4YIOkC1asBtK1FBWNuWlAUQJSLRn0TLJINQhCBWbcSmSwzfiUyoWJdmOYTJYl2Y5hMSipUmPUF0ybGt2ucbh/twBKnRqNVcXO0nkCbvOxo7LeHnMpaKK7veG6UofBhvdi6QOAHFdIvOA6ojIsEPEnCfMHeDeDxCjCiEEseZmWi742/kNuRw6A4GY3X8NqlSoFdthkRa13wuFx6EbQSEFWXBao0SPXYCRI3Ob8LheP9vEirIrCLRmgCSDeM1qAWN+/NalhumMzzKIZJFuzb6gnSRjZm31BQOhCECNvOXJOkbrOy5J1QkZ4a0kmQAJJOxc1V0a+bYZ2Wh7xxN7WndfxFyWMfeOPwQ7/miATAwbfjL4V3BBjWgCQEgLABcBuCXtZdU6TtZdUVVCAhRGOK8/242tR4gEyZC6+dYfVdFMoYiVZkiqZiUlP9NUabTa9rtwmXCchjarBQ0Y/uP/AOP8UrqIT/1H/wDF1aulCDzKFRXCswxYmhIC2HawibDqbrMWldP6I/uxfOH+CWkCrED8GP7riapycRk4rsQcpoJ/di+cP8EfoT+7F84f4LqWNuQc36I/uxfOH+Kw0I/uxfNn4rrWG8ZqDm/RH92L5s/FH6I/uxfNnVq6kIOKFQjb/Vi6x2s/FP8AoT+7F/k38V0MF+KZUcbqCZf3YuztN391c9Mocy2GIkTTnW0hqNtds2zDfEvRi3ZjmFCiCs58Teaje6wkHzdWyAQH6H/uRf5N+yz9Db/ci7O0OPBdaQHSOA5lBz0KCWuiTLjMtILrSdEC/JdRXGynPMcwvdgAND69cari4DRlfNpsmu0oOM6ERp2PAa7vgTacxWGTV2Lnjw68OU5EgEHc4SIdkQDktolIrsDiJG5w3OFjhkQUFXG0Z8kylE1m58lVAKcG7N3qKokg3HF3qKgdTjXZt9QVEsS7McwgZCEIFaLTkp0yPUYXC03NG9xsaMyQE7TpHLquZ+nFA7MPSPfIIaMhM5tVDiD7uCWi2TTM7SZEk4kzOa6Qp0jUd3TyVAgEnby6p0nay6oKoQhQYVKPdm31BVKlHuzb6gqKIQhFSewPrNdaCADgZgpKDFLmSdrNJY7vNsnmJO8Sq3WOXVQ1Y3CI3/NnUtP+CI6ilZcMAmKWHcMByQMlN4z6JkjtYZqB0IQgVhvx6BMkh9rHoE6Dl9pRS2Gaus4tazvOIAOV+SvAghjQ1tzQAMAJLlimtGA2QwD43mq3MNDv5hdqoEgGkcBzcnSDWOA5lFTZDb71zhr1WsdfYAS5tniKs64rlox/qxvB6V1OuRCQBojAclzwxUjEbIgrjvtkHjMVTk5dMEaLcByUPaLdCsL2EPHh1hm2sM0F3i1ufJOpPM3MlxP+KqgEkK7N3qKdJCEhm76uJQOpx9XMcwqKce7MeoIqgCEIREq8i4mwAAk8JGal7OYalY2F5LzwraoyaGjJSptpqfuFrT3QC5/+II8QXegnSNR2B5KgSR9V2B5JwgEnay6p0u3LqgohCFBhXFOJVdWlrtq3CysN0/uu0rj9qQ3uhyhmqazbfEP/AF5KwdE3bm/yP4rJu3N/k78VRTjtJa4NMiQQDuMrCika59Y6LdltY23/ACqdNhPc3RDazSHM0jrDZdtE24OK5RRYxcRXlJrRY5xmZk/DukJ32cV6qI54Udz2BwDZOExa7bvsvRBL6rbG3DtO3d1cLobxFLWGQaTEqkkTD5Ei63SbEHCvPYm9l0SKx04j6zashpvdbZaQRwJs+KV0pB6E37m/yd+Km5z6wsbt7TvxXQvHi0KPMARL3F067xZZZd9LreCQenWfub/J34rZv3N/k78UlChOawB5rOE5mZO0ytN8hIT4IpsJzmEMMjZbMiwEEiYtFiDITn6VjRb8TrbBbcmixXNBJqgAEkzdcLTsXnwaHHL6xigAOaXN0jWqgAjZVuJsvnbdb2U3SLIfxGbu4yRPmao8SCEBjxDrENrPc17gSbCXNkLuy0AeFdwLvl8z9l59PosQucQ7RdVAFZ7ZGs3cLLjaLdPgF0ezKM+G0iI+uZznaTdbhhs4oOjS+XzP2Uqzqx1bhtdvdwVogJBAMiQZHcd68WL7NjmQEWqQLSHPMwXONWZHECd4q8UHfBo0RsSI6bCHlpAtFWq2qbds1dxfI6vm77KkMSAnaZCZ471y02A8uYWOkGzmJuAN26+wEW70FINeq3VuE7XHYqaXy/5Lj9l0F7JOe8uNUDWiEbydI4bLLV6CDzaKHtd7vR0Catp/tuBqSwILfCu/S+X6rw/aHs+IHtd7wis9za1Z+iH6sxtk6oJXTlvK9igwCyGGudWInaZmcyTf9MkoppfL9UkKtK2re74t5S06jueyTXVTO+3juOeS4oNAi+8rmJIViS0FxF5stsu0cBvQelpfL9VOPWlZVvbv+IK64qfAcXMc10g0ibZkAzcN1nmius1uH1WaXy/VLRoRa0AkulO0zJtJIvx+iT2g8iE+qZEghvedY36kIjmowc+NEfZoyhtvlZa8jOTfAu3S+Xyd9151F9lva0NMQ6LGtmC+0hwdWNt9jhxBXqoIxQ6qdW47HbsUwDt7fJ33UKXRnFzXNdINBmNKRnh13BFCoboZM3VhJoGtPREiTMmZ4/8A0h0EO3jyP3XJ7TMT3UX3Z0/dvLC1pJrgGrIbTOS7l5TfZrxJpfOTXbX21t9vCeZQejQ3Ew2EmZLWkkgtJJAmS03YLU8NsgATMgCZ38UKDSo0nVzb6gspVMEOrWnpGQl1UjSg9plMSe1tu+s3nMFWDrQhCKmzXdg3qqKbdd2DeqoiOP2holsT4TJ3/jfIO8jVdg0roo+o3Ack0VgLSDaCCCN4N4XH7GjF0FodrNAY7FoEjm2qc0HcpvGk3xdFRI7WGfRA6EIRU4Pa7x5BQomk979k6je6w6RzdWyaEUmKWtNXWc6q3vOF+AE3eFdEGCGNDW3AADKxEEUWZt5hOpxjZm31BUQCSWkcBzKdTGue6OZQOEOuWrDcoFgarcByTpII0W4DknVVClwQ8VTc6YwsNoW0OMXMBdrCbXd5pk7KY8infe3E8ioM0YxGx4rDvN0Xf41PIojqSQbji7mU6SEbDi71FFOpx7s2+oKiWLdmOYQMuaPpRGN2N/qOy0WA5knwLoJkuegiYLze+0cGdgeVuLigu0WnJMlBtOSZAkY6JwPJOFOkHQd3TyKcXINSdvw9U6n2/D1QWQhCiFiMBvAOImoxoYDbABpNus7QVypUi7NvqCsFEIQikbrOwb1TqbdZ2DeqoiMK4YQ929huD2tYe+0TZ5isMmrvKiYIfDDTcWjEXSI3EG3JBZI46Tc+ilQ4xILX67bHbJ7nAbiLfMbFVw0m5oHQhc9LjloAbrusbO7i48ALfIbUVKEK8Zx2Q9Ed9wBccm1R4nLtUKHADGlonYbzeTYS4naSZnNXRCxBMZj6EFMliXeXMJkUJBrnAc3J1Ma5wHNyCiChY65BkLVGA5JkkHVbgOSdAj7258ipU6GS2bbXMIe3iRe3MEtzVH3txPIqiBYcQOAItBExgVkK44u9RXO0+6iVey8kt4Pvc3A2uHEO4K8C4953qKIolfd5c0yjTIoYwuJkBIk7hMIpKdpAQ/jMj3Ba/wCmj4gulc1FhkkveJOdKQPYaLm47TxPALpQI06Ry6p0jdY5dU6BI40HYHknCSMZNdgeScIBJ28uqdJ2suqCoQgIURhUqRdm31BUcLFzmjhrTKdrw7MubP8A3iqOhCEIpG6xwHVOlGscB1TIApII0W4DknSw7hgERClwTY+Hrt2XV27WHmDsPAlbBpAfIt2TBBEi0yucLwV0LmpFEa57SZh1uk0ua6W6bSCRbcbFBSkUkQxM7bABa5x3NG0qdFgGZe/XdsvDG7GN6naeAADwaI1pmASbqzi5zpbqzrZcFZAkLtY9AnSQ+1j0CdUJGuzb6gnU6Rdm31BURQpN1z3W83KqkNc91vNyIqsNyFhUGQdVuA5J0kHVGA5J1Qj9ZufJOpvvbnyKognHgh7S11xyO8EHYQZGfBc1CpEtCIdKbpEyAiCZtbx3jpJdqj7tr2kOAcCTMEAi/cgpEiBoJcQALyTIDErhiziycQQwFpaDYXmsJOI2NGwG+/YF0MoDAZymRdNz3SwDiZZJ6QNHNvqCCqEIQTZrO8PVUUma7vD1VUUkcaLsDyTpYo0TgeSYIgS9rLqmSdrLqgqEICFBhUo5szb6gqlSpGrm31BUUQhCKRuscB1TpGt0ieA+k/unRAlhGbRgOSYpIGq3AckDqbzpN8XIKim8aTc+igohCECw9uP2TJIQ1sTyCdUJGuzb6gnU412bfUE6DVMaxwHMqiQDSOA5lQMscLFsljrkCwTojAck6nRhoN7o5BVQSiHSbieRVFOKNJmJ9JVEApQDYe871FVU4Fx7zvUUFApUkybm31BVUqTq5t9QQWQhCCbNd3h5FUSN1jl1ToFinROB5LWpY50XYHkmagEk9Pw9VRT7fh6oLIQhBKkF0hU3ifdnpS4yUYQe5priRrAi4aIINwngutCBZLZLUIEDLScPomktQgWSxjZADcnQgySQttB3T+qohAqJJkIJtbKfEzTSTIQSiw6wlxB8iD0TgJkIFklDNIngB5E/dUQgWSC1MhAkNkgBuAHktkmQgm6HMg7p/USTyWoQZJJDhyniT5knqqIQLJLEhzEsD5EHoqIQLJbJahAgZaTvl9FskyECRIcwRvBHnYtATIQLJZU0p8JJ0IBCEIP/2Q==&quot; 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&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&lt;strong&gt;Sinal Analógico&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;strong style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;Sinal Digital&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;é um sinal com valores discretos (descontínuos) no tempo e em amplitude. A representação de um sinal digital é um histograma. Usando o mesmo exemplo acima, se um sinal varia seus valores de 0 a 10, o sinal digital assumirá os valores discretos (0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10). Se um sinal no sistema digital acima tem o valor de 4,25 em qualquer instante de tempo, é representado pelo valor mais próximo discreto, neste caso o 4. Os sinais que variam de 4 a 4,5 serão representados pelo 4 e sinais que variam de 4,5 a 5 serão representados pelo 5.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;data:image/jpeg;base64,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&quot; /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;color: #666666; font-family: Calibri, Arial, Verdana; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;color: #666666; font-family: Calibri, Arial, Verdana; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong&gt;Sinal Digital&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;color: #666666; font-family: Calibri, Arial, Verdana; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;color: #666666; font-family: Calibri, Arial, Verdana; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;color: #666666; font-family: Calibri, Arial, Verdana; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;color: #666666; font-family: Calibri, Arial, Verdana; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;Portanto, com o sinal digital pode-se garantir a qualidade de um sinal&amp;nbsp;, diminuindo os custos de armazenamento e tempo de processamento.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;color: #666666; font-family: Calibri, Arial, Verdana; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;color: #666666; font-family: Calibri, Arial, Verdana; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;color: #666666; font-family: Calibri, Arial, Verdana; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;color: #666666; font-family: Calibri, Arial, Verdana; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;color: #666666; font-family: Calibri, Arial, Verdana; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;color: #666666; font-family: Calibri, Arial, Verdana; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;color: #666666; font-family: Calibri, Arial, Verdana; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/5540845815036400080/posts/default/3341295476246501053'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/5540845815036400080/posts/default/3341295476246501053'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://eletricadownload.blogspot.com/2013/01/diferenca-entre-sinal-digital-e.html' title=' Diferença entre sinal digital e analógico'/><author><name>EMERSON LUIZ CRUZ</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/12203793046792254728</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5540845815036400080.post-2114726335460994878</id><published>2012-12-22T06:33:00.001-08:00</published><updated>2012-12-22T06:33:44.179-08:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Dispositivo DR - Siemens"/><title type='text'>Dispositivo DR - Siemens</title><content type='html'>&lt;iframe width=&quot;420&quot; height=&quot;315&quot; src=&quot;http://www.youtube.com/embed/2vjWC_REhME&quot; frameborder=&quot;0&quot; allowfullscreen&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/5540845815036400080/posts/default/2114726335460994878'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/5540845815036400080/posts/default/2114726335460994878'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://eletricadownload.blogspot.com/2012/12/dispositivo-dr-siemens.html' title='Dispositivo DR - Siemens'/><author><name>EMERSON LUIZ CRUZ</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/12203793046792254728</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://img.youtube.com/vi/2vjWC_REhME/default.jpg" height="72" width="72"/></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5540845815036400080.post-3854678935344608016</id><published>2012-12-08T12:20:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2012-12-08T12:20:10.033-08:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="DE MUFLAS PARA CABO ELETRICO"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Videos"/><title type='text'>MUFLAS </title><content type='html'>&lt;iframe allowfullscreen=&quot;allowfullscreen&quot; frameborder=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;315&quot; src=&quot;http://www.youtube.com/embed/qBZv0aCt1Nc&quot; width=&quot;560&quot;&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/5540845815036400080/posts/default/3854678935344608016'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/5540845815036400080/posts/default/3854678935344608016'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://eletricadownload.blogspot.com/2012/12/muflas.html' title='MUFLAS '/><author><name>EMERSON LUIZ CRUZ</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/12203793046792254728</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://img.youtube.com/vi/qBZv0aCt1Nc/default.jpg" height="72" width="72"/></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5540845815036400080.post-6617338294552729342</id><published>2012-12-08T11:44:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2012-12-08T11:44:07.841-08:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="ENSAIOS ELÉTRICOS EM EQUIPAMENTOS"/><title type='text'>ENSAIOS ELÉTRICOS EM EQUIPAMENTOS</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;
&lt;img height=&quot;320&quot; src=&quot;http://dc312.4shared.com/img/htScxPln/s7/curso_de_eletrica_para_substao.pdf&quot; width=&quot;225&quot; /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14.5pt;&quot;&gt;Características dos materiais. Condutores,&amp;nbsp;quase condutores e
dielétricos. Materiais&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14.5pt;&quot;&gt;Isolantes vs Dielétricos. Conceitos. Efeito da temperatura&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14.5pt;&quot;&gt;.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;


&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Times, serif; font-size: 17.5pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 13.5pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14.5pt;&quot;&gt;Propriedades Elétricas: Resistividade, Permissividade,
Condutividade, Constante&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14.5pt;&quot;&gt;dielétrica, Relaxação&amp;nbsp;Dielétrica.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;


&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14.5pt;&quot;&gt;Comportamento dos materiais&amp;nbsp;com a freqüência e a geometria do
Campo&amp;nbsp;Elétrico&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14.5pt;&quot;&gt;aplicado. Configurações de campo elétrico, aplicações em
equipamentos.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;


&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14.5pt;&quot;&gt;Classificação dos materiais Isolantes.&amp;nbsp;Classe térmica.
Temperatura do ponto mais&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14.5pt;&quot;&gt;quente.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;


&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14.5pt;&quot;&gt;Capacitância. Correntes de Carga, Descarga, Deslocamento e
Condução.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 13.5pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14.5pt;&quot;&gt;Circuitos equivalentes da Isolação. &amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 13.5pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14.5pt;&quot;&gt;Características dielétricas em&amp;nbsp;CA e CC. Tangente Delta, Fator
de Potência e Fator de&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14.5pt;&quot;&gt;Dissipação.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14.5pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14.5pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14.5pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14.5pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;

&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.4shared.com/office/htScxPln/curso_de_eletrica_para_substao.html&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;http://www.baixaki.com.br/imagens/66861/97126.jpg&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/5540845815036400080/posts/default/6617338294552729342'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/5540845815036400080/posts/default/6617338294552729342'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://eletricadownload.blogspot.com/2012/12/ensaios-eletricos-em-equipamentos.html' title='ENSAIOS ELÉTRICOS EM EQUIPAMENTOS'/><author><name>EMERSON LUIZ CRUZ</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/12203793046792254728</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5540845815036400080.post-3345628430433431983</id><published>2012-11-18T09:58:00.002-08:00</published><updated>2012-11-18T09:58:34.513-08:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Curiosidades"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Estudos"/><title type='text'>Tempestades Eletromagnéticas (Chuva de Ráios)</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; trbidi=&quot;on&quot;&gt;
&lt;img alt=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;rg_hi uh_hi&quot; data-height=&quot;194&quot; data-width=&quot;259&quot; height=&quot;194&quot; id=&quot;rg_hi&quot; src=&quot;https://encrypted-tbn3.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcQwkkq9TfMnjR4HdpphSRFLG86VSiPa8OtJzmv14smWZ8GceblqIg&quot; style=&quot;height: 194px; width: 259px;&quot; width=&quot;259&quot; /&gt;&lt;div id=&quot;socializar&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;entry-content&quot; id=&quot;HOTWordsTxt&quot; name=&quot;HOTWordsTxt&quot;&gt;
                    &lt;div id=&quot;description&quot;&gt;
As tempestades eletromagnéticas 
são fenômenos meteorológicos muito freqüentes no Brasil e costumam 
acontecer em locais descampados. É importante saber que elas podem 
causar problemas sérios, tais como desabamentos, incêndios florestais e 
até mortes. Apesar da chance de um relâmpago atingir uma pessoa ser algo
 em torno de 1 para 1 milhão, estima-se que, no Brasil, 100 pessoas 
morram por ano atingidas por eles. Informação, atenção aos sinais do 
tempo e alguns cuidados podem salvar vidas!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;u&gt;Quando a tempestade se aproximar:&lt;/u&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
-&amp;gt; Procure abrigo em um prédio ou carro e mantenha as janelas fechadas evitando tocar nas partes metálicas.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;a name=&#39;more&#39;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
-&amp;gt; Tire os aparelhos elétricos da tomada e evite usar o telefone, 
pois as linhas telefônicas e as tubulações elétricas podem conduzir 
eletricidade.Evite tomar banho e usar água corrente.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
-&amp;gt; Feche cortinas e persianas para que sirvam de proteção se os vidros quebrarem e evite ficar próximo à janela. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;O que fazer?&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
a) Se estiver ao ar livre: Em um bosque ou floresta, se abrigue entre as árvores mais baixas.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
b) Se estiver na água: Saia o mais rápido possível e procure um abrigo. 
Seja um alvo pequeno, se agachando no chão e abraçando as pernas, com a 
cabeça entre os braços. Não deite no solo, isso fará de você um alvo 
maior! Procure se abrigar em uma região baixa, mas sem risco de 
inundação, longe de árvores, postes e outros objetos de metal.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
c) Depois que a tempestade passar: Mantenha distância das áreas 
atingidas pela tempestade. Ouça o noticiário e mantenha-se informado 
sobre novos alertas Se alguém for atingido? Procure ajuda, chamando 
imediatamente os bombeiros A vítima pode estar queimada, tanto no local 
aonde foi atingida pelo raio como onde a energia saiu. Procure por 
queimaduras. Você pode ajudar, as pessoas atingidas por raios não 
continuam com a carga elétrica. Os raios podem causar complicações para o
 sistema nervoso, ossos quebrados e perda de audição. Observe essas 
características na vítima.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Definição para Raio:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Um raio é uma descarga elétrica que se produz pelo contato entre nuvens 
de chuva ou entre uma destas nuvens e a terra. A descarga é visível a 
olho nu, com trajetórias sinuosas e de ramificações irregulares às vezes
 com muitos quilômetros de distância até o solo. Esse fenômeno é 
conhecido como relâmpago. Ocorre também uma onda sonora chamada trovão.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;u&gt;Leia o artigo completo aqui:&lt;/u&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raio_%28meteorologia%29&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;Raio (meteorologia)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Fonte:&lt;/b&gt; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.cbm.df.gov.br/index.php/cidadao/orientacoes/7-tempestades.html&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;http://www.cbm.df.gov.br/index.php/cidadao/orientacoes/7-tempestades.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;

                    &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div id=&quot;new_selection_block0.15974527259261273&quot; style=&quot;background-color: transparent; border: medium none; color: black; overflow: hidden; text-align: left; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/5540845815036400080/posts/default/3345628430433431983'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/5540845815036400080/posts/default/3345628430433431983'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://eletricadownload.blogspot.com/2012/11/tempestades-eletromagneticas-chuva-de.html' title='Tempestades Eletromagnéticas (Chuva de Ráios)'/><author><name>EMERSON LUIZ CRUZ</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/12203793046792254728</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5540845815036400080.post-6005812171786272012</id><published>2012-11-18T09:54:00.003-08:00</published><updated>2012-11-18T10:00:50.953-08:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Curiosidades"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Estudos"/><title type='text'>Qual é o Animal Á Prova De Choque - Fome - Radiação</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; trbidi=&quot;on&quot;&gt;
&lt;h1&gt;
&lt;img alt=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;rg_hi uh_hi&quot; data-height=&quot;196&quot; data-width=&quot;258&quot; height=&quot;196&quot; id=&quot;rg_hi&quot; src=&quot;https://encrypted-tbn3.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcRO5Oh_lyFUa7zY60O-nqZ6gkcxxi-TkVCc1qBkRcz-flJJkkQT&quot; style=&quot;height: 196px; width: 258px;&quot; width=&quot;258&quot; /&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;
&lt;span id=&quot;publication&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;entry-content&quot; id=&quot;HOTWordsTxt&quot; name=&quot;HOTWordsTxt&quot;&gt;
&lt;div id=&quot;description&quot;&gt;
Qual animal resiste a choque de 220 volts durante mais de um minuto e pode viver e se reproduzir em &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.sitedecuriosidades.com/curiosidade/qual-e-o-animal-a-prova-de-choque-fome-radiacao.html#&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: dotted 1px; color: #006600; cursor: hand; text-decoration: underline;&quot;&gt;temperaturas&lt;/a&gt; entre 40 graus C negativos e 60 positivos? &lt;u&gt;O rato.&lt;/u&gt; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Um velho conhecido do homem, mas que há muito a aprender sobre ele.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Fonte:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;http://pt.shvoong.com/exact-sciences/zoology/1759367-animal-curiosidade/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;http://pt.shvoong.com/exact-sciences/zoology/1759367-animal-curiosidade/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div id=&quot;new_selection_block0.9075340035017521&quot; style=&quot;background-color: transparent; border: medium none; color: black; overflow: hidden; text-align: left; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/5540845815036400080/posts/default/6005812171786272012'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/5540845815036400080/posts/default/6005812171786272012'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://eletricadownload.blogspot.com/2012/11/qual-e-o-animal-prova-de-choque-fome.html' title='Qual é o Animal Á Prova De Choque - Fome - Radiação'/><author><name>EMERSON LUIZ CRUZ</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/12203793046792254728</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5540845815036400080.post-8679881568262549116</id><published>2012-11-18T09:48:00.005-08:00</published><updated>2013-08-12T15:19:02.860-07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Curiosidades"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Estudos"/><title type='text'>O Inicio da Eletrônica</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; trbidi=&quot;on&quot;&gt;
&lt;h1&gt;
&lt;/h1&gt;
&lt;span id=&quot;publication&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;rg_hi uh_hi&quot; data-height=&quot;180&quot; data-width=&quot;240&quot; height=&quot;480&quot; id=&quot;rg_hi&quot; 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&quot; style=&quot;height: 180px; width: 240px;&quot; width=&quot;640&quot; /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;entry-content&quot; id=&quot;HOTWordsTxt&quot; name=&quot;HOTWordsTxt&quot;&gt;
&lt;div id=&quot;description&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Eletrônica&lt;br /&gt;
Estados Unidos 1840&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Com Galileu, Torricelli, Newton, Kepler, inicia-se no século XVII a 
grande aventura do conhecimento humano: são descobertas as leis que 
regulam a vida no universo. No século XVIII começa a era da química &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.sitedecuriosidades.com/curiosidade/o-inicio-da-eletronica.html#&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: dotted 1px; color: #006600; cursor: hand; text-decoration: underline;&quot;&gt;moderna&lt;/a&gt;
 e da tecnologia. O século XIX coloca em cena o motor; é tempo da 
máquina a vapor, a combustão interna, a eletricidade. O século XX é a 
época da energia nuclear e da eletrônica.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A palavra eletrônica deriva do termo elétron, a partícula atômica 
carregada de eletricidade negativa. Pode-se definir eletrônica como 
sendo a parte da física que se ocupa dos dispositivos acionados por 
elétrons e estes são extraídos de substâncias sólidas, líquidas ou 
gasosas e, movimentando-se, produzem energia controlada. Isso significa 
que a eletrônica faz “trabalhar” os elétrons em &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.sitedecuriosidades.com/curiosidade/o-inicio-da-eletronica.html#&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: dotted 1px; color: #006600; cursor: hand; text-decoration: underline;&quot;&gt;benefício&lt;/a&gt; do homem.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a name=&#39;more&#39;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A história da eletrônica começa por volta de 1840, quando as 
experiências de Hans Christian Oersted e Michael Faraday demonstraram as
 estreitas relações existentes entre eletricidade e magnetismo. Com base
 nesses dados experimentais, James Clerk Maxwell concluiu que aqueles 
dois aspectos da energia não existem separadamente, com exceção de 
certos casos particulares.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Segundo a teoria de Maxwell, enunciada em 1873. O efeito combinado da 
eletricidade e do magnetismo manifesta-se no espaço, dando origem ao 
campo eletromagnético, que se propaga sob a forma de vibração 
ondulatória com a velocidade da luz. Aliás, a própria luz é uma pequena 
parte (visível) das ondas eletromagnéticas.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Também nessa época deu-se a descoberta do elétron. Em 1879 o físico 
inglês Sir William Crookes observou que, provocando uma descarga 
elétrica num tubo com gás muito rarefeito, se produzia uma radiação que 
partindo do pólo negativo (cátodo) em direção ao pólo positivo (ânodo), e
 tornava luminescente o vidro do tubo.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Símbolo eletrônica A teoria de Maxwell teve confirmação em 1888 quando o alemão Heinrich Hertz conseguiu &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.sitedecuriosidades.com/curiosidade/o-inicio-da-eletronica.html#&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: dotted 1px; color: #006600; cursor: hand; text-decoration: underline;&quot;&gt;provar&lt;/a&gt;,
 com seu oscilador, que as ondas eletromagnéticas se propagam no espaço 
sem necessidade de corpos condutores. Mas as ondas hertzianas teriam 
permanecido como simples curiosidade de laboratório se o jovem italiano 
Guglielmo Marconi, então com 18 anos, não tivesse uma genial intuição.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Entre as duas esferas do aparelho de Hertz, colocadas a uma distância 
razoável uma da outra, não havia nenhum obstáculo material. Após uma 
série de experiências, Marconi conseguiu produzir em 1894 um ruído 
elétrico a uma distância de 7 metros da fonte produtora das ondas, sem 
ajuda de fio ou qualquer outro agente condutor. Mas o problema só foi 
resolvido definitivamente graças à invenção do cientista russo Alexandre
 Popov: a antena. Popov comprovou que um receptor de ondas hertzianas 
seria muito mais &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.sitedecuriosidades.com/curiosidade/o-inicio-da-eletronica.html#&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: dotted 1px; color: #006600; cursor: hand; text-decoration: underline;&quot;&gt;eficiente&lt;/a&gt; se um fio isolado fosse colocado bem alto, como captador de sinais.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
E assim, em 1895, registrou-se o primeiro &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.sitedecuriosidades.com/curiosidade/o-inicio-da-eletronica.html#&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: dotted 1px; color: #006600; cursor: hand; text-decoration: underline;&quot;&gt;êxito&lt;/a&gt;
 de Marconi: uma mensagem pôde ser transmitida sem fio à distância de 
aproximadamente 1,5 m, com o auxílio de uma pequena antena entre o 
oscilador e o receptor. Nascia assim, o telégrafo sem fio.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Em 1897, o físico inglês Joseph Thomson demonstrou que a radiação 
originada no cátodo do tubo de Crookes nada mais era que um feixe de 
elétrons e aperfeiçoando mais o tubo, consegui medir o “peso” do elétron
 e tornou possível “produzir” elétrons à vontade, pelo aquecimento de um
 fio metálico até altas temperaturas. O fenômeno chamava-se efeito 
termiônico e nele se baseia o funcionamento das “válvulas termiônicas”, 
parte essencial de todo aparelho eletrônico, como por exemplo a 
televisão, cujo tubo de imagem é um tubo catódico.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
válvulaO primeiro tipo de válvulas foi o diodo, construído por Fleming 
em 1904 e empregado para revelar os sinais das transmissões sem fio. Em 
1906, introduzindo-se no diodo um terceiro pólo elétrico (ou elétrodo), 
surgiu o triodo, que funcionava também como amplificador. As aplicações 
práticas do elétron, cada vez mais amplas, deram nascimento a uma nova 
disciplina: a eletrônica e o estudo isolado do elétron ficou reservado à
 física.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Com a descoberta dos transistores em 1949, nos EUA, teve início uma 
extraordinária fase na eletrônica. Eles já estão em uso em pequenos 
rádios de bolso e em aparelhos auditivos que exigem durabilidade, baixa 
corrente e tamanho compacto; são também muito usados nos computadores 
eletrônicos e substituíram as válvulas eletrônicas em muitos tipos de 
controles elétricos. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Fonte:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;http://faustomoraesjr.sites.uol.com.br/eletronica.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;http://faustomoraesjr.sites.uol.com.br/eletronica.htm&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div id=&quot;new_selection_block0.21545041297177903&quot; style=&quot;background-color: transparent; border: medium none; color: black; overflow: hidden; text-align: left; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Leia Mais no &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.sitedecuriosidades.com/&quot;&gt;SitedeCuriosidades.com&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt;: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.sitedecuriosidades.com/curiosidade/o-inicio-da-eletronica.html&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;http://www.sitedecuriosidades.com/curiosidade/o-inicio-da-eletronica.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/5540845815036400080/posts/default/8679881568262549116'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/5540845815036400080/posts/default/8679881568262549116'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://eletricadownload.blogspot.com/2012/11/o-inicio-da-eletronica.html' title='O Inicio da Eletrônica'/><author><name>EMERSON LUIZ CRUZ</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/12203793046792254728</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5540845815036400080.post-235246036947817612</id><published>2012-11-18T09:44:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2012-11-18T09:44:02.258-08:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Curiosidades"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Estudos"/><title type='text'>O melhor metal condutor...</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; trbidi=&quot;on&quot;&gt;
&lt;h1&gt;
&lt;img height=&quot;320&quot; id=&quot;il_fi&quot; src=&quot;http://www.sitedecuriosidades.com/im/g/64721.jpg&quot; style=&quot;padding-bottom: 8px; padding-right: 8px; padding-top: 8px;&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;
&lt;span id=&quot;publication&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;entry-content&quot; id=&quot;HOTWordsTxt&quot; name=&quot;HOTWordsTxt&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div id=&quot;description&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5540845815036400080&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;b&gt;Qual metal é melhor condutor?&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Todo mundo acha que é o ouro, mas não é; - É a PRATA. Apenas usamos o cobre por ser muito mais barato que a prata.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A prata é usada em muitas coisas, além de ser usada em muitos objetos de &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.sitedecuriosidades.com/curiosidade/o-melhor-metal-condutor.html#&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: dotted 1px; color: #006600; cursor: hand; text-decoration: underline;&quot;&gt;decoração&lt;/a&gt;, é usada também na indústria fotográfica, em pilhas de longa duração e em painéis &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.sitedecuriosidades.com/curiosidade/o-melhor-metal-condutor.html#&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: dotted 1px; color: #006600; cursor: hand; text-decoration: underline;&quot;&gt;solares&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Além disso, tem a curiosa propriedade de esterilizar a água, bastando 
apenas 10 partes por bilião para eliminar as batérias (os romanos e os 
gregos já a usavam nesse sentido). Mas atenção, pois pode também matar 
as batérias benignas que nos ajudam internamente, para além de haver uma
 doença relacionada (argiria), que dá um tom azul à pele. &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;a name=&#39;more&#39;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Outros usos da prata são a substituição do cloro nas piscinas e o uso 
nas meias dos atletas para evitar os maus cheiros! Usado também na 
fabricação de &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.sitedecuriosidades.com/curiosidade/o-melhor-metal-condutor.html#&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: dotted 1px; color: #006600; cursor: hand; text-decoration: underline;&quot;&gt;colares&lt;/a&gt;, brincos e afins...&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Se você acha que a água é um bom condutor da eletricidade, veja esses dados:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
- a água do mar é 100 vezes melhor condutora que a água doce;&lt;br /&gt;
- a prata é 1.000.000 de vezes melhor condutora que a água do mar!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;u&gt;Tabela de Condutividades Elétricas&lt;/u&gt; &lt;br /&gt;
Material________Condutividade (S.m/mm2)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Prata...........62,5&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Cobre puro......61,7&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Ouro............43,5&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Alumínio........34,2&lt;br /&gt;
Tungstênio......18,18&lt;br /&gt;
Zinco...........17,8&lt;br /&gt;
Bronze..........14,9&lt;br /&gt;
Latão...........14,9&lt;br /&gt;
Níquel..........10,41&lt;br /&gt;
Ferro puro......10,2&lt;br /&gt;
Platina.........9,09&lt;br /&gt;
Estanho.........8,6&lt;br /&gt;
Manganina.......2,08&lt;br /&gt;
Constantan......2&lt;br /&gt;
Mercúrio........1,0044&lt;br /&gt;
Nicromo.........0,909&lt;br /&gt;
Grafite.........0,07&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Leia mais sobre Condutividade elétrica em:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condutividade_el%C3%A9trica&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condutividade_el%C3%A9trica&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Fonte do Texto:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;http://e-curioso.blogspot.com/2010/05/qual-o-metal-que-e-melhor-condutor.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;http://e-curioso.blogspot.com/2010/05/qual-o-metal-que-e-melhor-condutor.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div id=&quot;new_selection_block0.7859373990199153&quot; style=&quot;background-color: transparent; border: medium none; color: black; overflow: hidden; text-align: left; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/5540845815036400080/posts/default/235246036947817612'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/5540845815036400080/posts/default/235246036947817612'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://eletricadownload.blogspot.com/2012/11/o-melhor-metal-condutor.html' title='O melhor metal condutor...'/><author><name>EMERSON LUIZ CRUZ</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/12203793046792254728</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5540845815036400080.post-2163363799468798004</id><published>2012-11-18T09:06:00.002-08:00</published><updated>2012-11-18T09:06:53.967-08:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Curiosidades"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Estudos"/><title type='text'>Por que a eletricidade no Brasil é uma das mais caras do mundo?</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; trbidi=&quot;on&quot;&gt;
&lt;h1&gt;
&lt;img alt=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;rg_hi uh_hi&quot; data-height=&quot;209&quot; data-width=&quot;241&quot; height=&quot;209&quot; id=&quot;rg_hi&quot; 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&quot; style=&quot;height: 209px; width: 241px;&quot; width=&quot;241&quot; /&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;rg_hi uh_hi&quot; data-height=&quot;199&quot; data-width=&quot;253&quot; height=&quot;199&quot; id=&quot;rg_hi&quot; src=&quot;https://encrypted-tbn3.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcQg_LiqILjKj1PV3eaFCDQSSVauaS0ODFXgWy_F0F-s_-l8XjA9cg&quot; style=&quot;height: 199px; width: 253px;&quot; width=&quot;253&quot; /&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;
&lt;span id=&quot;publication&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;entry-content&quot; id=&quot;HOTWordsTxt&quot; name=&quot;HOTWordsTxt&quot;&gt;
                    &lt;div id=&quot;description&quot;&gt;
O Brasil está na lista dos países que mais cobram pela energia elétrica. Segundo a Federação das Indústrias do Estado do &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.sitedecuriosidades.com/curiosidade/por-que-a-eletricidade-no-brasil-e-uma-das-mais-caras-do-mundo.html#&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: dotted 1px; color: #006600; cursor: hand; text-decoration: underline;&quot;&gt;Rio de Janeiro&lt;/a&gt;
 (Firjan), nosso país ocupa a quarta posição no ranking de energia mais 
cara do mundo. Mas por que a eletricidade é tão cara no Brasil?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Uma das razões para o alto preço é a média nacional de tributos e 
encargos da conta de luz. Aproximadamente 45% do valor cobrado pela 
energia elétrica residencial e industrial correspondem a &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.sitedecuriosidades.com/curiosidade/por-que-a-eletricidade-no-brasil-e-uma-das-mais-caras-do-mundo.html#&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: dotted 1px; color: #006600; cursor: hand; text-decoration: underline;&quot;&gt;impostos&lt;/a&gt;. Nesse contexto, o pior dos tributos é o Imposto sobre Circulação de Mercadoria e &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.sitedecuriosidades.com/curiosidade/por-que-a-eletricidade-no-brasil-e-uma-das-mais-caras-do-mundo.html#&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: dotted 1px; color: #006600; cursor: hand; text-decoration: underline;&quot;&gt;Serviços&lt;/a&gt;, o ICMS.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Especialistas garantem ainda que os governos municipal, estadual e 
federal utilizam a tarifa de energia para compor seus caixas, o que 
torna a conta tão cara para os brasileiros.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;a name=&#39;more&#39;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div id=&quot;description&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div id=&quot;new_selection_block0.49056415069111414&quot; style=&quot;background-color: transparent; border: medium none; color: black; overflow: hidden; text-align: left; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Fonte: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.sitedecuriosidades.com/&quot;&gt;SitedeCuriosidades.com&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/5540845815036400080/posts/default/2163363799468798004'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/5540845815036400080/posts/default/2163363799468798004'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://eletricadownload.blogspot.com/2012/11/por-que-eletricidade-no-brasil-e-uma.html' title='Por que a eletricidade no Brasil é uma das mais caras do mundo?'/><author><name>EMERSON LUIZ CRUZ</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/12203793046792254728</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author></entry></feed>