Enchanting Himachal

Trekking in Himachal

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Trekking is different from mountaineering, as it does not require special skiils and equipments to do the same. Infact, trekking always refers to walking on trails. Even though, some treks venture near glaciers and crossing of small glacial rivulets, they do not match the fulfillment of any Himalayan mountaineering adventures. Himachal Pradesh is one of the best places in the world when it comes to trekking. Rivers in deep gorges and placid mountain lakes, thick forests and acres of scree, mountainsides draped with snow, and green Alpine meadows, all form a part of this immense spectrum. And the possibilities for a whole range of adventure activities is also enormous. There are day-hikes by the thousand, and the trek routes follow trails that last a couple of days - or can extend over a few weeks. These vary from gentle walks over easy terrain, to gruelling expeditions.

The main trekking areas in Himachal are the Dhauladhar and Pir Panjal ranges, routes over the passes between the Shimla region and the Kullu valley, the numerous treks out of Kullu and select tracks in the Trans-Himalayan regions of Kinnaur, Lahaul and Spiti. Most trekking areas are between 1,500 metres and 6.000 meters.

With well over two hundred and seventy defined trails, the variation in terrain is also enormous. Low scrub-land and paths through paddy fields, give way to trails strewn with pine needles. Then come woods of oak and flowering rhododendron, which merge into forests of Himalayan cedar -'deodar'- and spruce. On most trails, small pastoral hamlets dot the way. Cunningly hidden between the high mountains, are passes which were once known only to migrant shepherds and dare all traders. These lead to the fabulous wastes and swift rivers of the arid Trans-Himalaya. A host of combinations and variations take the trails through changing countryside. The degree of physical output can also be changed to suit your requirements. For example, the same trek can be developed from a week to last longer. Or, the two ends of a trek can be the same, but the trails can be designed to be taxing or gentle.

There are several agencies that conduct treks. Guides, equipment, porters, pack animals and maps are available at major starting points. The old Forest 'dak bungalows' that are strategically placed along many trek routes, add a considerable measure of nostalgic charm and convenience for trekkers. Practically all have an aura of the past, and lie nestled in deep woods. In addition, the State Electricity Board and the PWD also have resthouses. Most of these are marked out on trekking maps and advance booking is possible. The Forest Rest Houses are booked by the area's Divisional Forest Officer (DFO), and the PWD and Electricity Board ones are booked by the concerned Executive Engineer.

Basic and intermediate courses are available at Manali's Mountaineering Institute, and at its Regional Centres at Dharamshala and Bharmour. Excellent camping facilities exist at these points.

Adventure Activities In Himachal Pradesh

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Indulge in Adventure Activities In Himachal Pradesh

Adventure Tour is the Best Option in Himachal

The most fascinating part of visiting Himachal Pradesh is the various adventure options. Take an adventure tour of Himachal Pradesh to know the rural and tribal culture of the state that reside in the remotest part of this region. Enjoy adventure in Himachal Pradesh!

Mountains are Waiting to Welcome You

Trust You feet and take up trekking. If not polish your bicycle and vehicle to take up cycling or vehicle safari in Himachal Pradesh. Whichever way, the satisfaction and fun is guaranteed. The mountain sports in Himachal Pradesh are the perfect blend of ecstasy and cumbersomeness.

Go Knee Deep for Water Sports

Love white water rafting or angling or fishing or all of them – Take an adventure tour of Himachal Pradesh. Travel to the various rivers of Himachal Pradesh that promise the tourists with brown trouts and unlimited frolic. Water sports in Himachal Pradesh too has gained immense tourist attraction.

Write Your Story on the Snowy Peaks

Get your skiing gears ready and head for the virgin mountains where You can enjoy Heli skiing and ice skating besides the cherished skiing. Winter sports in Himachal Pradesh can be best enjoyed in the regions of Shimla, Manali and Kufri.

Fly on Cloud Nine

Head towards Bir and Billing in the Kangra valley where you can enjoy the pleasure of flying in the air, with artificial wings. Indeed it is the sport of Para gliding that you cannot miss on your adventure tour in Himachal Pradesh. Soar high in the sky to live your dream of flying like a bird.

Trekking Routes in Himachal

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SANGLA VALLEY TREK

1. Shivas Parikrama (Kinner Kailash

Hard trek 11 days

Sangla - Bhaley-Kahnech pass-Purpani-Ribba-Morang-Lumbar-Kunnu Charang-Lalanti-Lalanti Pass- Chitkul- Sangla

The trek is through forest of pine and bhoj patra, moraines, small villages, high passes, orchards, where one gets to see old monasteries, temples, wild life. It is an hard trek

2. Nagin Lake

Moderate 6 Days

Sangla- Sangla Kanda- Dhumti-Payelash Pavang-Mazabang-Paylash Pass- Devar Kanda- Sangla

The trek is through pastures, valley of flowers, pine forest, glacier point , crevasses, and a lot of wild life is seen

3. Shivling ( Shivas Ling darshan)

Moderate 5 days

Sangla- Puwari- Thangling- Camp 1- Shivaling Darshan- Camp 2 - Sangla

Trek is though forest, small traditional villages, Rocky Mountains where one sees pine nut forest, herbal tea bushes and a lot of rare herbs.

4. Padav's footsteps

Moderate hard 11 Days

Sangla- Shuping Chang- Devar kanda- Camp 1- Glacier Point- Paylash - Paylash Pass- Dhumti- Graze Kumo- Lithum- Kotaring- Janglik- Pekha Village- Dhamwadi The trek takes you through forest, pastures, valley of flowers. One can see a lot of wild life and herbs, tea bushes. Crossing passes and glacier points. Inner Himalayan range is clearly seen at close range. One is retracing the foot steps of Padava's passage to heaven as mentioned in old Hindu mythological history.

5. Shoorvir

Hard 8 Days

Sangla - Rackhem-Chitkul- Gender Thatch- Lamkanganga pass- Camp 1- Kiarkoti- Bagori Village-Harsil- Gangotri

The trek takes you through forest, pastures valley of flowers, moraines, following the Baspa river uphill and crossing the Lamkhanganga Pass into Uttranchal. A lot of wild life is seen enroute.

6. Dumar ( Brahm Kamal )

Moderate 6 Days

Sangla- Sangla Kanda- Purdum- Dumar- Shivali Pass- Chanchu kanda- Chanchu Village -Sangla

Trek is though forest pastures valley of flowers where a lot of rare plants can be seen One also crosses a gray roof slate mine.

CHANSHEL VALLEY TREKS

7. Rupin Rontikar 1

Hard 10 days

Sangla- Sangla kanda- Rontikar- Rupin Pass- Waterfall- Camp 1 - Camp 2 - Jakaha- Chanchilti - Seva- Dhaula

One can have hard snow in the month of April and May, crossing rivers, pastures valley of flowers small villages, moraines, passes. You can see a lot of life, rare herbs, and medicinal plants. It's a truly adventurous trek.

8. Rupin Rontikar 2

Moderate hard 6 Days

Sangla- Sangla Kanda- Rontikar- Rupin Pass- water fall- Ghunas Thatch - Ghunas pass- Lithum

On this trek one crosses forests, pastures, valley of flowers, Rupin and Ghunas pass, moraines. Wild life is also seen. Snow wind can be seen in the month of April end and mid May near Ghunas Pass.

9. Rupin Rontikar 3

Hard 13 days

Sangla kanda- Rontikar- Rupin pass-Waterfall- Camp 1- Camp 2-Jakaha-Chanchilti- Dodra- Gazani Thatch- Chanchil top- Marvi Thatch-Larot rek takes you thorough forest, pastures valley of flowers, moraines, orchards, villages, passes. wild life can be seen.

10. Chander Nan Lake

Moderate 7 days

Shimla - Hatu-Dhamwadi-Janglik-Chander Nan Lake-Lithem-Tapri-Sarahan-Shimla

11. Chander Nan Lake

Hard trek 13 Days

Shimla - Dhamwadi-Janglik-ChanderNan -Datyar-Tapri-Kafnu-Kesrang-Shalti-Kara-Phustirang-Mud-Sangam-Attargo-Kaza-Manali-Sareoskar Lake-Luri-Shimla

12. Churdhar

Moderate 5 Days

Shimla -Pulwahal-Churdhar-Sarain-Khadder-Deiya-Shimla

13. Churdhar

Moderate 5 Days

Shimla-Dhabas-Sarain-Churdhar-Deiya-Lakhawati-Shimla

16. Manimahesh

Moderate Hard 8 Days

Chamba-Bharmaur-Danchoo-Manimahesh-Danchoo-Chamba-Khajjiar-Dalhousie-Chamba

17. Chanderkhani Malana

Moderate 6 Days

Manali-Rumsu-Chanderkhani-Malana-Rasol-Kasol-Luri-Shimla

LAHAUL VALLEY TREKS

19. Zanshar Baralacha Pass

Hard 8 Days

Manali-Patseo-Suraj Tal-Baralacha-Keuling-Lingti-Khamerup-Chhumickmarpho-Zanzkar Sumdo-Chhalang Tokpo-Darcha-Manali

20. Lahaul Valley

Hard 8 Days

Manali-Udeypur-Chimrat-Urgos-Open Buff-Morraine Land-Udeypur-Manali

21. Pin Parbati

Hard 14 days

Manali Manikaran-Pulga-Khirganga-Tunda Bhuj-Thakur Kuan-Pandu Bridge-Mantalai Lake-Chinpatta Maidan-Mud-Sangam-Dhankar Gompa-Kaza-Tabo-Nako-Sangla-Sarahan-Shimla

Lahaul--A Taste For The Forbidden and The Unknown

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Lahaul, the moonscape of India, is an enchanting place not only for a quick sightseeing trip but also for a long sojourn. Here you’ll find yourself surrounded by the barren beauty of the Himalayas, in direct contrast to their lush green avatar in other parts of Himachal. The valley has long been a favourite with adventure enthusiast, who have a taste for the forbidden and the unknown. You can actually listen to the voice of the wind here and it’s sure to give you goosebumps.

A Home to Bara Shigri Glacier

Lahaul is a part of Lahaul–Spiti, the largest district in Himachal Pradesh. It is bordered by the Zaskar range and Tibet (the plateau of the world) on the east. To its southeast lies Kinnaur and to the south Kullu Valley. The Bara Shigri glacier – 10 km long and a kilometre wide – is one of the longest in the Himalayas and is right next to this valley. Other high–altitude glaciers are also a regular feature here.

There’s a slight confusion about how the name Lahaul came about. It could have been derived from either of the two Tibetan words Lho–yul, ‘southern country’ or Lhahi–yul ‘country of gods’, so take your pick.

However, the most interesting part is that neither the people of Lahaul nor the Tibetans nor the Ladakhis call this valley Lahaul. The Ladakhis and Tibetans call it Garza or Garsha while the Lahaulis call it Swangla.

A Trekking paradise

The valley is immensely popular for its adventure trekking routes and gompas (monasteries). One of the most traversed trekking route kicks off from Manali, passes through Lahaul and ends at Zanskar (in Kashmir). The Leh–Manali highway is the main passage for tourists into Lahaul and further on to Leh.

This route usually open from July to September, is entirely at the mercy of the Rain God who may decide to wreak havoc just when you plan to make a adventure journey.

The journey itself takes a lot of guts and is definitely not for the lily–livered – there are some really scary roads with sheer drops!

Attractions of Valley

Lahaul is home to three valleys: Chandra, Bhaga and Chandra–Bhaga Valley.

The valleys are locally called Rangoli, Gara and Pattan respectively. In summer, the valley is smothered with lush green grass and breathtakingly beautiful wild flowers. Charming little villages on patches of green provide a sharp and interesting contrast to the brown and russet splendour of the cold desert.

The main crops grown in the valley are barley, wheat, peas, potatoes and hops (a climbing plant with flowers that grow in bunches). Hop plant (Humulus lupulus) is a creeper and produces green flowers like a filled rose bud, but more rounded in shape.

The flowers turn yellowish when over ripe. Lahaul and Spiti are the only areas in India where hops are grown and the varieties that are cultivated here are the Hybrid and Late Clustor.

Hops are fast gaining popularity with farmers as they make a good source of income.

The dried flowers of this plant are used to impart a bitter flavour to beer and chicory (an ingredient for chocolates and coffee). Originally it was used as a preservative, but now are used only to flavour beer. The hop flowers are dried and then compressed into pellets before they are sold to the breweries.

Patanjali Yogpeeth in Solan Himachal Pradesh

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Patanjali Yogpeeth Haridwar will set up second Yogpeeth in Solan district of Himachal Pradesh said state chief minister Professor Prem Kumar Dhumal while speaking on Sewa Deeksha and Sankalap divas organised in Haridwar today .

chief minister Professor Prem Kumar Dhumal told that he had detailed discussions regarding the second Yogpeeth set up with yoga Guru Swami Ram Dev and it has been decided that second Patanjali Yogpeeth will be set up in around 25 acre land area and the proposed land site has already been identified for the Yogpeeth. He told that constructions work on the proposed Yogpeeth will be started during current year and added that state govt will provide all possible help and assistance to expatiate the work on the Yogpeeth .He told that Patanjali Yogpeeth will also market the 700 tonnes apple juice concentrate through its sales counters set up in the country which will provide alternative marketing avenues to the apple growers and ensure remunerative prices to the

growers. He told that the Patanjali Yogpeeth will also purchase the medicinal herbs from the growers on support prices to be decided in advance so as the farmers gets the assured income from the herbs and medicinal plants grown in their fields.

While congratulating Swami Ram Dev ji for setting up world largest food processing plant in the Uttrakhand, he invited the Patanjali Yogpeeth to set up food and fruit processing units in Himachal Pradesh and assured all the possible help in this regards.

He said that there has been a considerable change in the social and economic conditions of the farmer during recent years as a result of various initiatives and projects started by Swami Ram Dev ji and it has resulted in increasing the prosperity among farming community.

He said that these projects will result in making the agriculture as lucrative profession which otherwise has lost its lusture and appeal to the common citizens of this country. He appreciated the decision of the Patanjali Yogpeeth to honour and invite the family members and dependents of the veteran freedom fighters and said that it will infuse new blood among youths for patriotism he told that govt has taken various steps to improve the socio economic conditions of the farming community in the state and said that various incentive based schemes has been launched in the state .he told that govt would strengthen the bio diversity of the region by taking the preventive and supportive steps and would promote scientific exploitations of natural resources to ensure quality herbal production in the state .he told that govt has decided to promote organic manures in the agriculture fields and told that arrangements would be made so as each farming family in the state has organic plant for its consumptions so as to promote the natural products productions in the state.

Famous Places in Himachal

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The Ridge and The Mall ( Shimla ) :

These are the most favourable places for all tourists as well as local residents of Shimla. Both the places always remain overcrowded during the day time and in the evening. The Mall is also a main shopping centre of Shimla. The Gaiety Theater which is a reproduction of an old British Theater is also situated here as well as the - Indira Gandhi Khel Parisar - From the Mall you can explore the Middle and Lower Bazar.

Kufri ( Shimla ) :

( 2,633 meters ) 16km. from Shimla. Kufri has won a name on the sports and tourist map of India due to its ‘Ski-runs’, ‘Seed Potato Farm’ of the Central Potato Research Institute and ‘Food Craft Institute’. Kufri offers unique Skiing slopes from December to February.

Baspa Valley ( The beautiful valley of Kinnaur ) :

Baspa valley ( also known as Sangla valley ) is one of the most beautiful valleys of Kinnaur. It starts from Karcham ( 1,899 meters ) where the Baspa river coming from the east joins the Satluj. The road for Baspa valley branches from the Hindustan Tibet road at the river junction and after turning south crosses the Satluj over a bridge to reach Karacham. The valley open up beyond Sangla and is full of wooded slopes as far as Chitkul ( 3,435 meters ). Chitkul is the last inhabited village in the valley surrounded by green fields and high mountain peaks. It is like a Fairyland. The quaint little houses, temples, gompas and the people of Baspa valley conjure up a perfect image of "Shangri-La"

Sangla Valley :

( 2,680 meters ) It is an important village of the Baspa valley situated on the right bank of Baspa river is built on a slope with houses rising one above other with gigantic 'Kinner Kailash' peak ( 6,500 meters ) towering from behind is also famous for 'Kamru Fort'. This fort was the place where so many Rajas of Kinnaur were crowned. Now this fort is dedicated to 'Kamakshi Tepmle'. Goddess idol was brought from 'Guwahati' (Assam) where is the main temple on a hillock.

Kalpa ( Kinnaur ) :

( 2,670 meters ) Once a favourite hunt of Lord Dalhousie. the district headquarters till recently, when the headquarter was shifted to 'Rekong Peo' (1,900 meters) was the venue of Kalchakra Sermon delivered in August 1992 by His Holliness "The Dalai Lama" ; and a monastery to commemorate this auspicious occasion was built up is 13 kms. short of Kalpa and 7 kms. off the Powari on Hindustan - Tibet Road. Looming in front of Kalpa is an imressive view of 'Kinner Kailash' directly across the Satluj river. This mountain changes colors several times a day with a change of weather conditions or may be as destined by Lord Shiva his eternal abode. 'Parvati Kund' is located on the top of Kinner Kailash. The ancient villages of Pangi, Moorang and Kanum are situated close to Kalpa.

Tabo ( Lahaul Spiti ) :

( 3,050 metres ) It is 47 km. from Kaza. At the right of Spiti river, is an ancient village named Tabo, flanked on either side by lofty brown hills and sun burnt, is the seat of one of the most famous Buddhist monasteries - Sherlang, Duang, Chamba, Chibbo, Domlang Gompas, regarded by many as only next to the Thelong Gompa in Tibet. The 10th Century Tabo monastery houses more than 60 lamas. Large number of scriptures and pieces of art, wall paintings - 'Tankhas' and 'Stucco'. Tabo has been declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO. In terms of area, this is the largest monastic complex in Spiti, and the old section has 9 temples, 23 chortens, a monk's chamber and a nun's chamber. There are several caves and contemporary structures that form a part of the Tabo complex. Founded in 996 A.D., the Tabo 'gompa' has exquisite wall paintings and stucco statues - and is often called the 'Ajanta of the Himalaya'.

Pin Valley : It is formed by the Pin river, which rises on the eastern slopes of Pin Parbati pass and meets the Spity river exactly opposite Lingti village. On its way it is joined by the 'Parahio Nala' near Pokchung. From Pin valley one can cross over to the Kullu valley over Pin Parbati peak and to the district of Kinnaur via 'Shakarof Pass' or 'Tarikhango pass'. Pin valley is much more rugged and barren than the main Spiti valley. This valley is famous for Ibex and Snow Leopard. The whole Pin valley, including all the villages, forms the protected area, varying in altitude from 3,600 to 6,632 meters above sea level. The Pin valley ca boast of being somewhat moist area during the summer months, in sharp contrast to much of the remnant arid Spity.

Lingti Valley : Largest and the longest side valley of Spity. It runs North-East from Lingti village (3,460 meters) for about 60 kms. to its head. It is a living geological museum. Its geological history dates back to 250 million years and its shales and fossils are well known to all the world. 'Gya Peak' is also there in Lingti valley. At its summit Spity, Ladhakh and Tibet meet.

Kunzum Pass :

(4,590 meters) provides chief access to Lahaul valley by the great Kumzum range. The lofty Bara Shigri glacier is seen in front in all its grandeur. The crest of the pass has been marked by a chorten of stones erected ages ago. Recently a temple has been built on the top dedicated to 'Lord Gyephang' - the chief deity of Lahaul. The belief is that, every vehicle passing over Kunzum pass will have to take a round (Parikrama) of this temple to get blessing of the God. Another interesting feature of the stone image of the Lord is that offerings in the form of cash (coin or currency notes) will stuck to the image, if devotee is acceptable to the Lord. Some paople believe that this temple is of goddess Durga.

Ki, Kie or Key Monastery :

4,116 metres ) It is 12 km. from Kaza by road. It is the oldest and the biggest monastery of Spity dominating Ki-Village. About 300 lamas are receiving their religious training in its monastery, which houses rare paintings and beautiful scriptures of Buddha and other gods and goddesses. It is serving western population of Spity. It is regarded as the largest in the sub-division. It is a collection of rooms and a labyrinth of corridors that do not follow any defined plan, but seem to have grown over the years. No definite data can be ascribed to the construction of the gompa - that acted both as a monastery and as a fort.

Keylong :

( 3,340 meters) located above Bhaga river, the district headquarters of Lahaul-Spiti has been described as oasis of green fields, willow planted water courses, brown hills and snowy peaks. In the past, Keylong was home of the Moravian missionaries. There well known monasteries, Tayul, Khardong, and Shashur are within a few kilometers radius. The temple of local deity 'Keylong Wazir' is in the house of Shri Nawang Dorji.

Gondhla : ( 3,160 meters) is located on the river bank of the river Chandra. House of the thakur of Gondhla, called Gondhla castle or fort, is the maiin attraction. According to district gazetteer, this was built in 1700 A.D. by Raja od Kullu Man Singh whose influence stretched upto the Lingti Plains beyond the Baralacha-La. But present Thakur Fateh Chand says that it was 20 generations old. This is eight story building. Raja Man Singh of Kullu had stayed there in 1720 A.D. while on his way to Trilokinath Temple. Remains of the past are lying there. Age old custumes, furniture and idols are also strewn around in a state of neglect. The 'Sharab Raldi' i.e. 'Sword of Wisdom' given to the Thakur by Dalai Lama in the past is also there in the possession of present Thakur. This sword seems to have been built in the 'Toledo' technique of Spain. In the month of July a fair is held when Lamas dance and enjoy. This fair attracts a large number of visitors.

Tandi : ( 2,573 meters) is situated at the confluence of Chamba and Bhaga rivers. A legend says that there were two lovers, 'Chandra', the daughter of the Moon and 'Bhaga', the son of the Sun god. To perform their eternal marriage, they dedicated to climb to the 'Baralacha La' and from there they ran in opposite directions. Chandra being active and smart, easily found her way down the pass and reached 'Tandi'. Soon Bhaga was found coming with great struggle through the narrow gorges to Tandi, where ultimately both met and the celestial marriage was performed. Tandi's importance for the people of Lahaul is same as it is 'Haridwar' for the Hindus.

Suketi Fossil Park : Located in Sirmaur district, displays life size fiberglass models of pre-historic animals whose fossils, skeletons were unearthed here. The park is the first of its kind in Asia to be developed at the actual site where fossils were discovered. It is 21 kms. from Nahan, located on the left bank of the Markanda river. The park at present has six sets of life size models of 'Stegodonganesa' (extinct grand elephant). Sivatherium Hexapratadon - Sivalensis ( hippopotamus with six incisors), Colossochetys Atlas ( giant land tortoise and chelonia), Paramachaeradus ( sabre toothed tiger) and Crocodiles, the animals which once thrived in the region.

Khoksar : (3,140 meters) a break and windswept place is the first village and gateway to Lahaul and on the right bank of the river Chandra 5 kms. from 'Gramphoo'. During winter Khoskar is the coldest inhabited place in Lahaul. The river freezes during winter and is covered with snow to afford regular passage for human beings and also for mule traffic. Khoksar is located on the old trade route from Indian plains to the west Asia.

Rakchham : ( 2,900 meters ) It is in Kinnaur and it is located on the right bank of the Baspa river. Its name has been derived from 'Rak' a stone and 'Chham' a bridge. It is one of the most beautiful villages of Baspa Valley. The location of the village is striking.

Nako : ( 3,662 meters ) It is also located in Kinnaur district and is the highest village in the valley and the existence of lake formed out of the masses of ice and snow above adds to beauty of the village. Village deity is 'Deo-dum' and another Lagang temple with several idols exist there. It is situated about 2 kms. above the Hangrang valley road and is 103 kms. from Kalpa on the western direction of the huge mountain of Pargial.

Kaza :( 3,800 meters ) It is sub-divisional headquarters of Spiti valley. It is situated at the foot of the steep ridges on the left bank of Spiti river. Once it was the headquarters of the 'Nano' the chief of Spiti. It is 425 kms. from Shimla. Kaza has a filling station, rest house and small hotels. It serves as the base for excursions in the area. Among others, the Ki, Hikkim, Komok and Langia monasteries are at hand.

Kibbar Village :

( 4,205 meters ) Locally known as Khyipur, one of the highest villages in the world at an altutude of 4,205 meters above sea level in a narrow valley surrounded my mountains from all sides. 'Gette village' at a short distance away from Kaza is the highest in the world, with a height of 4,270 meters. It also acts as the base for several high altitude treks.

Baralacha La : ( 4,883 meters ) It is in Lahaul valley, 73 kms. from Keylong. The name Baralacha means 'Pass with cross roads on summit' (Roads from Ladakh, Spiti and Lahaul join on the top of it). There is no road yet from Spiti, only a path exists. This pass is also an origin of Chandra, Bhaga and Yamuna rivers. They flow to three different directions, through the Chandra, Bhaga and Lingti valleys.

Kullu :

( 1,230 meters ) The most charming and beautiful Kullu valley spread out its charm on either side of Beas river. The valley runs North to South of this river and is 80 kms. long and about 2 kms. at its broadest. The valley has awe inspiring glens and mossy meadows encircled by rushing streams and meandering brooks. It is also famous for its exquistely woven colorful hand made shawls and Kullu caps. In the spring, Kullu is in most colorful shape. Early March, apricot and plum trees, dotted among the fields, burst into pink blossoms and wild medlara are crowned with white flowers. The higher slopes are soon aglow with gogeous rhododendrons, white scarlet clusters of the sumash blaze near the river, the terraced fields turning from green to gold. Situated on the bank of Beas river, Kullu city is the Headquarters of district. Manali : ( 1,926 meters ) is 40 kms. from Kullu. It is situated to the north, near the end of the valley on the National Highway leading to Leh. The landscape is breathtaking as all around it is outlined against the horizons. You can see well-defined snow capped peaks, the Beas river with its clear water meandering through between the town on the one side and another side are Deodar and Pine trees, tiny levelled fields and fruit orchards.Manali with its unspoilt scenic grandeur is extremely popular with the tourists, for a lavish display of natural scenery. It is one of the principal show places of the Kullu region. To its North, South and West are an ostentation of pinnacles and ridges which, in fine weather, stand out in bold relief against skyline. At the lower elevation and in every direction there are vivid green patches of grassland and evergreen valleys ascending in irregular formation present probably the best view in the country.

Manikaran :

( 1,700 meters ) It is 45 kms. from Kullu and just 3 kms. from Kasol, is famous for its hot springs. Thousands of people take their holy dip in its hot waters. The water is so hot that dal, rice and vegetables etc. can be boiled in it. According to an old legend, Manikaran is connected with Lord Shiva and his divine consort, Parbati, who lost her earrings, while taking bath. When she reported this to Lord Shiva, he looked at the 'Kund' water with great anger, which gave birth to hot water on the bank of Parbati river. There are temples dedicated to Ramchandra and Lord Shiva as well as a Gurudwara.

Vashisht : It is a little village 3 kms. from Manali in Kullu district, located on the left bank of Beas river towards Rohtang pass. It is renowned for its hot water springs and temples. Nearby is the pyramidal stone temple dedicated to 'Vashisht Muni' and 'Lord Rama' temple is also there. Natural hot sulphur springs with two separate bathing tanks for gents and ladies are there.

Pangi Valley : It is in district Chamba. The scenic valley Pangi at the foot of the Himalaya, between two parallel ranges is situated beyond Pir-Panjal. There are still few virgin peaks, 6,402 meters to 6,705 meters high challenging the mountaneers. Two communities namely 'Pangwal' and 'Bhots' inhabit this valley. In Pangi there is hardly any village or even hamlet where one or more temple are not there. The two most important temples in the valley are 'Mindhal Vasni' temple about 15 kms. from Killar and temple of 'Purthi' about 30 kms. from Killar.

Manimahesh ( Mountain Kailash ) : ( 5,660 meters ) It is in district Chamba. This place is famous for a Lake, sacred mountain 'Kailash' and an ancient temple. Held sacred to Lord Shiva this lies in the Budhil valley at the foot of Mount Kailash (5660 meters above sea level), which is perhaps the highest of sacred waters in Chamba district. This lake is supposed to bless by Goddess Kali and protected by Lord Shiva. A fair is held every year at this lake during the month of August or September. Thousands of people visit this place on the 15th day after Janamashtami to have a dip in the holy water. It is a state fair.

Killar : It is in district Chamba. It is the Headquarters of Pangi sub-division. It is situated in the deep and narrow gorge of the Chenab river. It can be reached through the Sach pass. It is the desire of many a hardy trekkers to visit these lands pf pretty faces, beautiful dances and scenic splendour. Some of the famous trekking routes from Killar are to Kishtwar in Jammu & Kashmir, Umasi la into the Zanskar valley and in the South-East to Keylong and Manali. White trekking to Lahaul through this valley on e will across a beautiful place, 'Purthi' known for one of the finest nurseries and historical rest house on the right bank of Chenab river.

Kasauli :

( 1,930 meters ) It is located in district Solan. It is a charming hill station and coveted place for bird watchers. There is a monkey point besides the 'Ashram' of Satya Sai Baba at 'Garkhal'. Kasauli also has a 'Pasteur Institute' that produces the vaccine against the dog bite. On the opposite hill the famous Lawrence School at Sanawar is located. Kasauli also has a TV relay tower. Being a cantonment, it is very well maintained.

Timber Trail Parwanoo : It is in district Solan. It is situated on the National Highway and 5 kms. above Parwanoo. It is the first interesting resort in Himachal Pradesh which has attracted thousand of visitors to enjoy the cable car ride which covers 1.8 kms. long distance in 8 minutes over 'Kaushalia stream'.

Bhakra Dam : Bhakra Dam is the highest gravity dam in the world, built across the river Satluj. This project includes the Nangal Dam, Nangal Hydel channel and Ganguwal and Kotla Power Houses. Bhakra is the name of small village located in the Himalayan foothills. It has been described as 'New temple of Resurgent India'. With this dam, a big artificial lake named Gobind Sagar has been formed which spreads upto Bilaspur town.

Mandi :

Mandi is situated on the left bank of Beas river in the foothills of Shivalik range. Mandi entails a rich heritage of culture, historical and mythological significance, According to one version the town acquired its name Mandi (market) because all the traders from Ladakh and other areas passed through it while going to and from Punjab. According to second version, the city was named after 'Mandavya Rishi' who performed long and severe austerities on the right bank of Beas near the present town. Mandi has 85 beautiful carved temples, notable among them are Trilokinath, Bhutnath, Panchvktra and Shyama Kali at Tarna hill. Shivratri Mela of Mandi is very famous.

Kangra :

Kangra valley is one of the most picturesque valleys in the Himalayas. It is sheltered by the Dhauladhar and this majestic mountain range surpasses all others in its grandeur. the history of Kangra dates back to the Vedic times more than 3,500 years ago. The famous 'Bajeshwari Devi' temple is located in the town. Kangra was revaged by foriegn aggression a number of times. Despite all this, the arts and crafts of the region continues to develop and find lyrical expression. Kangra town is situated at the confluence of the Baner and Majhi streams, overlooking the Banganga torrent is famous for temples, forts and now a sppedily emerging as a business centre.

Yol Camp : ( Young Officers Leave Camp ) In the second world war (1939-45) 20 thousand war prisoners of Italy were kept there. From May 1947 to July 1947, it was a training camp for Army officers. From August 1947 to October 1947, 12 thousand Muslims were kept there and then transported to Pakistan. From 1949 to 1952, it served as a refuge camp for Kashmiri migrants. At present it is housing the units of Army. 'Chinmaya Sandeepani Himalaya Ashram' is located nearby. There is the huge stone idol of Hanumanji and a temple dedicated to Lord Rama built in south Indian style. A temple dedicated to 'Anjani Devi' (mother of Hanumanji) is located between Masser and Yol Camp.

Dharamsala : ( 1,250 meters ) In 1846 former Governer of Punjab Sir 'Donald Mcleod' was first officer who visited this place. But it was only in 1855 when 'East Indian Company' in the process of finding suitable place for its army founded Dharamshala. Dharamshala municipality was founded in 1867-68. Consevancy tax was imposed in 1887 and electricity was provided to the town in 1896 A.D. There is the famous 'St. John Church' where Lord Elgin II the Governer General of India was cremated on 20th 1863. The famous 'War Memorial' is also located in Dharamshala.

Mcleod Ganj ( Dharamsala ) : It has emerged as a famous Tibetan colony. The Buddha temple is situated opposite the present abode of His Holiness, the Dalai Lama. The Tibetan Institute of performing Arts (TIPA) is just i km. walk from Mcleod Ganj and preserves a number of musical dance and theatrical traditions of Tibet. There is also a Tibetan Handicraft centre located there.

Kangra Fort : The historic fort of Kangra was built by Bhuma Chand. This fort had been the centre of attraction for the rulers of northern India, since a long time. The first attack on the fort was made by the Raja of Kashmir 'Shreshtha' in 470 A.D. In 1846 Kangra fort fell into the hands of the British. Kangra fort is located on the bank of the river Banganga at the height of 350 feet. In the foreyard of the fort are the temple of 'Laxmi Narayan' and 'Adinath' located in the Kangra fort is dedicated to Jainism. Inside the fort are two ponds one of them is called 'Kapur Sagar'. At present the fort is under the control of 'Archaeological Survey of India'. It was badly damaged in 1905 earthquake.

Fairs in Himachal Pradesh

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There are 20 state level fairs or festivals recognised by the the Government at present in Himachal Pradesh. They have an educational, social as well as religious character. These serve the needs of social integration not only for economic sustenance but also for cultural survival. Generally the fairs are held at such a time when the people are free from their household engagements. Fairs give them an opportunity to purchase and sell needed articles. Traders from far and near join these festivals to display articles like clothes, wool, pashmina, furs, leather, hides and skins, pottery, metal ware, jewellery, ornaments, fruits, vegetables and many other local products coming from the homes and fields of the ruralities.Fairs in Himachal Pradesh have very positive role to play in social life. Himachal is a land of Devi and Devtas - land of gods and most of the fairs are of mythological nature. But to keep on rhythm in various walks of life, fairs have occupied predominant role and aquired varied dimensions, such as trade, agricultural, seasonal and fairs connected with festivals etc. So intensive the fairs hava become, that people of all shades and interests participate in large numbers. There is hardly any village where no fair is held. There is almost continuous succession of fairs.

Important Fairs in Himachal Pradesh :

Baisakhi : This fair is held at various places in the state. People carry village deity with music procession from one place to another. In upper hills, people perform 'Mala Dance' by joining hands to form a large circle. During day time, some games like archery and wrestling are also played.

Minjar Fair : This festival is held in the month of August on second Sunday. It continues for a week. Minjar ( maize flowers) festival is celebrated in district Chamba at a place 'Chowgan' in Chamba town.Maize flowers, a coconut, a rupee or a smaller coin, a fruit and a few paddy tentacles are offered to Varuna, the god of rain. It is a state fair. It is difficult to say, when the fair first started, but the present form of the fair is attributed to Raja Sahil Verman, who ruled the state in the 10th century A.D.

Naina Devi Fair : This fair is held in the month of August, at Naina Devi Temple, in district Blaspur, which is 8 km. from the Gangul Power House. This is the most delightful fair in district Bilaspur.

Kullu Dushehra : Kullu Dushehra mirrors Himachal culture in its entirely.. It clearly shows the lefestyle, love of dance and music of the people in this region. To see the colorful Himachal at one place, Kullu Dushehra is the right place. Although Dushehra is celebrated all over the country, but in Kullu, it has its own distinctive glamour. This is a state fair.People from Punjab, Haryana, Delhi and Uttar Pradesh throng to enjoy Kullu Dushehra.

Lavi Fair : This fair is held in the month of October or November every at Rampur Bushahr. In ancient, Tibet and Kinnaur had good trade relations and Lavi fair is the outcome of business interest of both sides. People from other areas in general and tribal belt in particular participate in this fair with horses, mules, pashminas, colts, yaks, chilgoza, namdas, pattis, woollens, raw semi-finished wool and other dry fruits produced in the state are brought for selling. It is three hundred years old fair and also a state fair.4 During day time, hectic trade activities are witnessed all over the town. At night, folks dances and music around small bonfires are organised. It continues for three days.

Renuka Fair : This fair is celebrated in the month of November for six days in district Sirmaur. It starts ten days after the famous Diwali festival. The legend goes that Parshuram, the youngest son of mother Renuka, used to visit his mother every year. The fair commemorates the annual meeting of Parshuram and Renuka. Parshuram is believed to be the sixth incarnation of Lord Vishnu. One can see the glimpses of hill culture at the fair. Rural people market their produce of walnuts, dried and wet ginger ect. Folk dances, magic show, Kariyala play, thoda dance, wrestling bouts, fire works, police and homeguard's band display, developmental exhibitions, cinema shows and bhajan-kirtan are other attractions of the week long fair. It is a state fair.

Shivratri Fair : This fair is held in the month of February on Shivratri day in Mandi. Shiva is the chief deity of Himachal Pradesh. This festival is given the greatest importance even in temples all through Himachal Pradesh. This fair continues for a week, with great fun and frolic.On this occasion people bring hundreds of Gods and Goddesses in their Raths. Devotees carry them on shoulders amidst melodious religious songs. People pay their homage to Lord Shiva at famous temple of Bhut Nath in Mandi town. It is a state fair.

Holi Fair : It is held in the month of March every year. Especially the Holi Mela of Sujanpur in district Hamirpur is very famous. It is the festival of colors. People all over Himachal come to participate in it. A week long fair provides wholesome entertainment through various games, songs, dances, folk dramas and skits performed by local artists/ Business activities are also in full swing throughout the week.

Chintpurni Fair : It is locally known as Mata-Da-Mela ( fair of mother goddess ). It is held in the village Chintpurni near Bharwain (a hill station on Hoshiarpur-Kangra road in Una district ). According to one legend a certain Mai Das had the first darshan of the Mother goddess who appeared to him as a girl and asked him to perform the Pooja (worship) of the Pindi (idol) of the mother. Henceforth generation after generation, the mother has promised to ward off the worldly worries and anxieties of those worshipping her. On the 8th day during Navratras the offering of Karahi ( sweet halwa prasad ) and Chhattar are made by the devotees.

The Nalwari Fair : This fair is held in the month of march every year. The idea of this fair was conceived by W. Goldstein. He was the Superintendent of Shimla Hill States in 1889. The idea was motivated by a shortage of the good breed cattle, especiaaly bullocks. Now this fair has become more a business opportunity event. It is a state fair.

Sissu Fair : Sissu is a common fair celebrated all over the Buddhist Himalayas. Its main attraction is always a masked dance but because of a part of monastic rituals, it is always staged inside the monastery on the attached courtyard. The fair is celebrated on different dates at different places. At Sissur Gompa it is held in June, at Gemur Gompa in July and at Mani Gompa of Gondhla in August.

Bharmaur Jatra Fair : It is held in district Chamba in the month of August.

Chhitrari Jatra Fair : It is held in district Chamba in the month of September.

Sui Fair : It is held in Chamba town in the month of April. This fair is exclusively for women. There is a temple of Naina Devi where women gather and worship the Devi. Naina was the queen of Raja Sahil Verman. This temple has been constructed at a place where she had sacrificed herself to bring water to Chamba town.

Tara Devi Fair : Durga Devi's temple of Taradevi is located on the ridge of mountain about 8 km. away from Shimla town. The fair is held here on Ashtami in Navratras os Asawin - September or October. This is called Durga Ashtami. A lot of tourists do visit it for its scenic beauty and worship of the famous mother goddess.

Jwalamukhi Fair : The Jwalamukhi fair is held twice a year during Navratras for worship of Durga goddess. It is the most imporatant fair in the Kangra valley. People come with red silken flags (dhwaja) to greet the Mother Goddess. The fair is attributed to the worship of that Eternal Flame which is coming out of earth spontaneously and perpetually.

Dal Fair : It is held on the bank of lake Dal, in the month of August in district Kangra at Dharamshala.

Nalwari Fair : It is held in district Kullu at Manali in the month of May.

Dungri Fair :- It is held in district Kullu at Manali in the month of May.

Sarshi Jatra Fair : In district Kullu, at place Naggar in the month of May.

Banjar Fair :- In district Kullu in the month of Mat and June.

Markanda Fair : In district Bilaspur at place Markanda in the month of April.

Solan Fair : Solan fair is held in the last week of June for three days. This fair is celebrated even before the present Solan town was founded in honour of the goddess 'Shulini' whose temple is situated in the nearby village named Solan Gaon. It attracts traders, sweetsellers, general merchants and other shopkeepers to make brisk business. The highlight of this fair are dancing, singing and wrestling.

Sari Fair : It is held in district Solan at town 'Arki in the month of July. This fair is famous for bull fighting.

Buffalo Fair : In district Shimla at village Kufri near Mashobra in the month of September.

Sipi Fair : In district Shimla near Mashobra in the month of May.

Jatar Rohru Fair :- In district Shimla at Rohru town in the month os April.

Rampuri Jatar : In district Shimla at village Rampuri near Jubbal town in the month of July.

Thalog Fair : This fair is held in the honour of Devta Rahatna whose temples are located at Thalog and Jabna. It is held at the end of Baishkha, in Prgana Jakholi of Chopal. It is 13 km. away from Chamba. The game archery, numerous sweet shops and Jhula are the main attractions like other fairs.

Trilokpur Fair : In district Sirmaur at village Trilokpur near Nahan town, in the month of September.

Phul Yatra Fair : Phul Yatra fair is held in Pangi at Killar in 'Asoj' every year. It denotes the start of a closing season in this snow bound valley. Offerings are made to local goddess, in whose honour it is celebrated. The tribal people enjoy, dance, sing and drink in gay mood forgetting everything else for the time being. In Kinnaur and Lahaul-Spiti some annuar fairs are held which have left deep impression on the community life of the tribals. One of the main features of these fairs is folk dance. Mask dance and lion dance are also very famous.

Sayar : It is a famous fair observed in the month of September at a number of places such as Bakloh in Kangra, Karsog in Mandi, and Subathu in Shimla.

Temples in Himachal Pradesh

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Himachal is god's own abode. There are too much temples that one cannot even count them all. Alsmost every temple has some kind of fair or festival connected with it. Dotted with temples, the State has literally one every hamlet. Most of the temples have legends dating back to centuries, some as old as mankind itself. Some of the famous temples are described below :

Hatkoti Temple :

( In Shimla district ) 104 km. from Shimla is the beautiful temple valley where the river Pabbar flows and nearby is a temple dedicated to Durga and Shiva. This is where the godsare said to have fought a pirched battle. Hatkoti is en-route to Rohru and is surrounded by lovely picnic spot.

The other important temple in Shimla district is a temple dedicated to Hanuman, situated at Shimla's highest peak at Jakhu Hill offering paronamic views of the town, the hill and other distant mountain ranges.

Bhima Kali Temple :

( In Shimla district ) 175 km. from Shimla, Bhimakali has been the family deity of the Bushahar rulers. This temple has a small but beautiful museum. Sharahan is identify with Shontipur of the puranic literature where Usha, daughter of Banasura fell in love with Anirudha, the grandson of Lord Krishna. It was here that Lord Krishna fought a winning battle against Banasura ever though the latter had the help of Lord Shiva. From Sarahan one can see Shrikhand peak, known as the parental abode of Lakshami.

Baijnath Temple :

By the roadside on the Mandi-Palampur road, within a vast enclosure is the Baijnath Temple. Known as Kirangama, its name was changed after the temle was dedicated to Lord Shiva in his form as vaidyanath or the lord of Physicians. The temple is a good exaple of the Nagari style of architecture. The walls have the characteristic niches and the Shikhara ( tower ) has an amalaka and enshrine images of goddess Chamunda, Surya the Sun God, Kartikeya, son of Lord Shiva. A life sized stone Nandi, believed to be the carrier of Lord Shiva stands at the entrance. Also are other miniature shrines and memorial stones within the complex said to have been built around 804 A.D. The Lingam enshrined in its sanctum is one of the 12 Jyotirlingas in the country. Every year during the Shivratri Fair, pilgrims descend on Baijnath for the colorful fair and festivals.

Chamunda Mata Temple :

Another 20 km. from Kangra is the famous Chamund Nandikeshwar Dham. This place also has a beautiful bathing ghat and a small temple across the bridge joining the ghat. Up in the Dhauladhar hills, a trek of about 16 km. is the place where Bhagwati Chamunda, according to the puranas, vanquished the demons Chand and Mund.

Shri Naina Devi Temple :

Shri Naina Devi Temple is at a distance of just 65km from Bilaspur. It is one of the 51 SHAKTI PEETHS. According to a belief once Shiva's consort Sati, died to avenge an insult. The distranged Shiva picked up her corpse and gyrated in his horrific dance of destruction. Then Vishnu, the preserver, unleashed his Chakra and cut the body into 51 pieces to save the earth from Shiva's wrath. Naina Devi, is where Sati's eyes are believed to have fallen. The temple is situated on a beautiful hillock. Nearby is a holy cave in the name of Shri Naina Deviji. A big fair during Shravan Ashtami is held every year. Again in the Navratras of Chaitra and Ashwin, fairs commemorating the goddess are held here. For night stay, rest houses and sarais are available. For tourist a Route to -Ritual Aerial Passenger Ropeway- is also available from is also available from main Swarghat-Bhakra road to the temple.

Jwalamukhi Temple

At a distance of 10 km. from Nadaun is Jwalamukhi, the town of temple is dedicated to Bhagwati Jwalamukhi, where eternal flames represent the deity Jwalamukhiji. Besides, there is the Gorakh Dibbi, Chaturbhuji Temple and a host of other smaller shrines. The gold plated dome of present Jwalaji temple was erected by Maharaja Ranjit Singh. There are legends of Akbar having sent his offering to the Deviji.

Bajreshwari Devi Temple :

The Kangra town known to the ancients as Nagarkot, is the seat of Shri Bajreshwari Devi. Though the main temple was ravaged by foreighn invaders and flattened by the 1905 earthquake, it has since been restored to its pristine glory. At Kangra one can also visit the historical Kangra Fort and also trek up to Jyanti Devi Temple.

Masroor Rock Temple :

Masroor is 26 km. from Gaggal on Nagrota Surian link road and is famous for remarkabla group of rock-cut temples. They form a group of 15 monolithic roac-cut temples in the Indo-Aryan style and are richly carved. The main shrine contains three stone images of Rama, Lakshmana and Sita. But the presence of the figure of Shiva in the centre of the Lintel affords a strange presumtion that the temple was originally dedicated to Mahadeva ( Lord Shiva ).

Kathgarh Temple :

( In Kangra district ) It is a situated 7 kms. from Indora on the meeting point of the Beas and the Choch rivers. There is an old temple, built in Mughal style, housing 6 feet long and 5 feet round 'Shivalinga' The 'Linga' here is of its own kind not found anywhere in the world.

Lakshami Narayan Temple :

( In district Chamba ) This temple was constucted during the 10th century during the reign of King Sahil Verman. In this complex, there are five other temples dedicated to Radha Krishna, Chandra Shekhar Mahadeva, Gauri Shankar, Tryambaseshawar and Laxmi Damodara. These are artistically decorated and have been built in the Nagara style. In addition to this temple complex, there is a galaxy of temples in Chamba. Some of them are Hari Chandra, Bajreshwari, Chamundam Narsingha and Yogi Charpat Nath.

Chaurasi Temples of Bharmaur :

( In district Chamba ) The main complex have temple of Lakshana Devi, Ganesha, Manimahesh and Narsingha. According to a legend, 84 Yogi's visited Bharmaur during the region of king Sahil Verman. Pleased with the king's humanity and hospitality, the yogis blessed the king with ten sons and a daughter Champawati. The temples dating back to the 9th century, are one of the most important early Hindu Temples in Chamba valley. The distant of 65 km. from Chamba to Bharmaur is covered by road. Special buses ply only during Chhari Yatra days in September.

Hadimba Temple :

( In Manali ) This temple constructed in pagoda style displays the finest example of wood carvings on it. It's sanctuary is built over a rocky crevice covered by a large rock that is worshipped as a manifestation of goddess Durga, an image of the goddess ai also enshrined here. The divinity is popularly worshipped throughout the region during the festivals and the goddess is transported to Kullu to visit the Lord Raghunathji during Dussehra festival. The other nearby in old Manali village are Lord Rama, Lakshman and Lord Vashishtha in Vashisht village.

Bijli Mahadev Temple :

( In district Kullu) Situated at an altitude of 2,435 metres, the temple is ideally located offering a commanding view. 20 metres high wooden pole stands are installed for seeking blessings from the sky in the form of lightning which is then rebuilt by the temple priest. The other temples in Kullu town are Raghunathji, Mata Vashno Deviji Temple.

Rewalsar :

( In district Mandi ) The pilgrimage centre revered equally by the Hindus, the Sikhs and the Buddhist alike. Rewalsar in Mandi district is about 20 km. from Mandi town. A natural lake with floating islands on it are a unique attraction of the lake one can see the Shiva temple, the Guru Gobind Singh's Gurudwara and Buddhist Monastery. The Hindus believe that it was here that the 'Lomas Rishi' held his penance in devotion to lord Shiva. Overwhelmed, Shiva gave the rishi, the seven floating islands in reward. This is a very sacred place. Other famous temples are Bhutnath and Triloknath.

Prashar Temple :

( In district Mandi ) Spectacularly situated at a height of 2,730 metres above sea level, this small temple dating back to 14th centuary stands on the bank of a lake, which has floating circular island. It is 35 km. from Mandi town. With deep blue waters, this beautiful lake is held sacred to the sage Prashar (rishi). A three-tiered Pagoda-like temple dedicated to the sage lies by the lake - and he is regarded to have meditated here. No other temple in the Western Himalayas can rival the grandeur of the settings of Prashar Rishi. A fair is held here in the in the month of June every year, where people gather from all neighbouring villages. This lake is fed by small mountain streams.

Himachal : Wild Life

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The state's protected area network of 32 wildlife sanctuaries and 2 national parks represents the myriad diversity of life in the North Western Himalayas. With 64 species of mammals, 463 of birds, 43 of reptiles and 516 of aquatic fauna teeming among over 3240 species of plants than define a range of eco-system and habitants, there is, for the wildlife enthusiast, the indefatigable trekker and the romantic tourist, an endless quest. There are two national parks in Himachal pradesh. Both are natural wonders.

The Great Himalayan National Park ( Kullu ) :

The great Himalayan National Park (GHNP) is an investment in the physical, mental and spiritual well being of Indians as individuals, and of Himachalis in particular. It is a gainful investment in something as simple and fundamental as good citizenship, love of country and an appreciation of the natural and historic fabric of the natural and historic fabric of the Western Himalaya. Bounded on three sides by the perpetual snow of the Himalayas, the westerly entrance to the park through the Tirthan Valley leading up to the Pin Parvati Pass (5800 m+) in the GHNP is traditionally considered one of the most sacred places in the Western Himalaya. The GHNP proper, the Sainj and the Tirthan wildlife sanctuaries together enrich Himachal by their unparalleled splendour. Each of these highlight a unique niche in the rich mosaic of our natural heritage. You may visit any one to experience the natural mystique of the place. The features that initially attracted and led to the preservation of this area as GHNP were its enormous bio-diversity representativeness of the Western Himalaya. From the critically endangered Western Tragopan to the rare and elusive serow and the most beautiful of the big cats, the snow leopard ; they are all here, amidst the entire range of vegetation and ecological complexes of the Western Himalaya. The GHNP is a true wilderness, one of the few large natural areas remaining intact in this part of the world. Here you meet Nature on its terms, not yours.

The Pin Valley National Park ( Spiti ) :

For unknown aeons, long before man discovered this remote land, several hardy animals and birds inhabited this Himalayan Eden in exquisite equilibrium. The Pin Valley National Park represents the bio-geography of the Trans-Himalayan cold desert with its characteristic flora and fauna. Endangered species such as the precious snow leopard, the endemic Himalayan Ibex, the mighty Bharal or Blue Sheep and Lynx among others are found in these cold and rugged lands. The desolate grandeur accentuated by the utter lack of noticeable vegetation brings stunning lunar-like beauty to the landscape set against the blust of skies. The large variety of indigenous, medicinal herbs that help sustain the ancient Amchi (Tibetan) system of medicine add much to the cultural and floristic significance of this national park. Fossilised crustacea and other marine life forms lay embedded in stone and geologic folds, testimony to the tectonic rise of the Himalaya from the depth of the Tetheys sea.

To be here is to get into a time machine ; geological, biological and cultural. If the real and surreal overlap anywhere, it must be here, it must be here, it must be here ...........

The wildlife sanctuaries of Himachal Pradesh, scattered over its varied mountains terrain from sweltering sub-tropical lowlands to icy, alpine heights harbour much of our natural heritage, like colorful beads strung together in a time-chain that links our inheritance with our legacy.

Renuka Wildlife Sanctuary ( Sirmaur ) :

Spread over 400 hectares of wood and grass land surrounding the sacred and picturesque Renuka lake, this Wildlife Sanctuary despite its small size, harbours several species of deer like Chital, Sambhar and Barking Deer. The threatened Kaleej pheasant and the more common Red jungle fowl are also found here.

The Renuka Lake and temple attract pilgrims from far and near. An added attraction is the lion safari. The sanctuary can be visited all the year round and is easily approachable from Chandigarh or Dehradun.

Churdhar Sanctuary ( Sirmour ) :

Named after the 3647 m high Churdhar peak, this wildlife sanctuary is a trekkers' paradise in the outer Himalayas. The spectacular Monal, Himachal's state bird, can be easily sighted in the forested slopes of Churadhar along with the Koklass and the Kaleej pheasants. The endangered Himalayan Black Bear and the canine toothed Musk Deer inhabit the higher reaches of the sanctuary.

There is Shiva temple and a sarai at Churadhar and Forest Rest Houses at Nehra, Choras and Sarain. Summer or early winter is the best time to visit.

Chail Sanctuary ( Solan ) :

Chail, the summer retreat of the erstwhile Patiala state, is a popular hill station, only a couple of hours drive from Kalka. Thick deodar, blue pine and oak forests clothe the slopes around this quiet, cool town. Extensive grasslands in the sanctuary are ideal habitat for Ghoral and the rare Cheer pheasant. A herd of european Red Deer, introduced earlier, still roam the forest. An encounter with a Barking Deer or the Kaleej pheasant is a near certainty at dawn or dusk. Trekking is popular with visitors and rewarding. A well appointed hotel housed in the palace of the Maharaja of Patiala is the perfect launch site to make foray into this fascinating wildlife sanctuary. For cricket lovers, Chail incidentally, boasts of the world's highest cricket ground. Summer is cool and winter is very cold.

Maharana Pratap Sagar :

Himachal's famous wetland, spread over 300 sq. kms, teeming with the anglers' delight, the Mahaseer, the Pong Dam Lake Wildlife Sanctuary is more importantly the ultimate heaven for birds, both migratory and resident in Himachal Pradesh.

In winter, watching 'commotional' flocks of colorful water birds jostling for space in the sun or in water, against the shimmering backdrop of the snow-capped Dhauladhar range makes for one of the many breathtakingly beautiful sights of this sanctuary. The Ranser Island in the lake has Black Buck and Chital. Elsewhere, Feral Buffaloes chew the cud of contentment, unhurriedly amidst the incessant chattering of Pintails, Porchards, Mallards and Egrets. Visit in winter when the party is on.

Kalatop-Khajjiar Sanctuary ( Chamba ) :

The magnificence of the deodar forest is at its best here. An hour's drive from the well known hill resort of Dalhousie, the Kalatop-Khajjiar Sanctuary, home to the elusive serow and the common Black Bear and numerous well laid out trekking paths is a starattraction for the wildlife tourist.

The curious floating island in a small water body amidst an enchating meadow at khajjiar has become legendary scenery. Nowhere in Himachal is such pure and exquisite wilderness so easily accessible. To experience the bliss of solitude, stay at the Kalatop Forest Rest House. Summer is best here.

HIDDEN TOURISM TREASURES OF HIMACHAL

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The main Tourism circuits in Himachal Pradesh are fairly well known and even remote districts like Lahaul-Spiti and Kinnaur are now coming into the tourist mainstream. Himachal has however many undiscovered spots with unspoilt charm that are worth a visit for a quiet rewarding holiday - spent amidst the splendor of nature, away from the crowds.

District Chamba

BHARMAUR (2195 m): Linked by road to Chamba is 65 km away. Surrounded by alpine pastures, this is the summer home of the nomadic Gaddis. At a distance of 69 km from Chamba town, Bharmaur, once known as Brahampur, was between the 6th and 10th centuries, the capital of princely state of Chamba. It is renowned for its cluster of temples - collectively known as the 'Chaurasi'. Though of varying architectural designs, these temples are noted for their fine workmanship. From Bharmaur, the Kugti and Chobia passes and trek routs they offer can be approached. Other interesting places at hand are the temples of Bani Mata and picturesque Khundel. There are Forest and PWD rest houses in Bharmaur.

MANIMAHESH (4170 m): Accessible from Bharmaur, 35 km away. Scared to Lord Shiva and his divine consort Parvati, the lake of Manimahesh is 35 km from Bharmaur. Past Gaddi villages and wide meadows that give way to bare rock and snow fields, this tarn is a three day trek from Bharmaur - via Hadsar and Dhanchha. The deep blue waters of the lake, rest at the feet of the Manimahesh Kailash Peak - which is one of the mythological abodes of Lord Shiva.

BHANDAL VALLEY (1730 m): Linked to Salooni (22 km) in the Chamba valley by road. The beautiful Bhandal Valley with its wealth of wildlife is at the western extremity of Himachal Pradesh. Approachable from Chamba, it is the base for a trek routes that connect Chamba to the Kishtwar region of Jammu and Kashmir over the Dagni Dhar. The route begins along the right bank of the river Ravi, goes past Pukhri, down to the Siyul stream, then rises to Salooni on the Prithvi Jor ridge to finally arrive above the valley. From Bhandal via Langhera one reaches Kishtwar. The highest point on the trek is the Padri Gali at 3049 m. There are rest houses at Sundla, Bhandal and Langhera.

PANGI VALLEY (2438 m): 137 km from Chamba. Locked between the greater Himalyan and Pir Panjal ranges, the wild and beautiful Pangi Valley is 137 km from Chamba. Its subdivision headquarters at Killar is located in the deep and narrow gorge of the river Chanderbhaga (Chenab). The foaming river, the high crags of the gorge and the difficult terrain are a challenge for intrepid trekkers. The Sach Pass (4428 m) opens the way to several trek routes. Thick forest the habitat of varied wild life surround the Pangi Valley and the numerous side valleys - Saichu, Hunam, Sural Nallah, that are also endowed with remarkable natural beauty. The temple of Mindhal Basan Devi in Pangi is an important shrine. Appropriately, the people of Pangi are as attractive as the tract they inhabit. There is a rest house in Pangi.

District Kullu

INNER AND OUTER SERAJ: Accessible from Kullu and Shimla by road. The Jalori and Basil passes stand as markers between the Inner and Outer Seraj regions of Kullu. Outer Seraj faces Shimla district and reaches out to touch the river Sutlej and Inner Seraj turns towards Kullu. Anni near Sutlej provides the access point to Outer Seraj from Shimla. Some of the beautiful unspoilt spots in this area include Change, a wide meadow surrounded by thick forests and Takara and Pane which have fine rest houses. Within Outer Seraj is Normandy known for its exquisite wood and stone temples. The 5155 m Shrikhand Mahadev Peak is a part of Outer Seraj. Beyond the Jalori Pass the scenic splendor of the Inner Seraj area unfolds. This area has variety of trek routes.

JALORI PASS (3134 m): The Jalori Pass which links Inner and Outer SERAJ is 76 km from Kullu. Its crest offers panoramic views of the area. The new pass is a man made one and was carved out of the mountain range in the early part of the Twentieth century. This is about 150 m lower than the old Jalori Pass. Surrounded by majestic forests, this area is home to the Himalyan brown bear and certain varieties of pheasant - including the Mona and Tarpon. The Shangri Rich Temple is close-by, and 5 km from the Pass is the jewel like Sloes Lake.

SHOJA (2692 m): Shoja in Inner SERAJ is close to the Jalori Pass. A charming unspoilt location of exceptional beauty overlooking lush meadows and tall snow-capped ranges, Shoji is 69 km from Kullu via Aut. The Raghupur Fort and Dough Thatch, a lovely grassy meadow very close to Shoja are worth visiting.

AUT: Aut on the Mandi-Manali highway is the entry point to the Kullu Valley where the road enters the Mandi - Largi gorge. Aut, the entire reservoir of the Pandoh Dam and Largi are excellent for angling. The rapids between Shamshi and Aut are splendid for river running. There are rest houses at Aut and Largi.

District Mandi

JOGINDER NAGAR (1220 m): Joginder Nagar is the last stop of the little toy train, that runs from Pathankot on a narrow gauge line. Accessible by road from both Palampur and Mandi. In 1925, the enterprising Raja Joginder Sen of Mandi created an elaborate hydel power scheme near the village of Sukrahatti - which was then renamed Joginder Nagar after him. After tunneling and piping the water over several kilometers from the river Uhl to Joginder Nagar, the power house at Shanan was built by a team of engineers. Joginder Nagar's attractions include the Macchiyal Lake, the Bassi Power House, Gumma and the haulage trolley. The HPTDC runs Hotel Uhl at Joginder Nagar and there are rest houses too.

JHANTIGRI (2130 m): 12 km from Joginder Nagar is this enchanting spot atop a hill, surrounded by a thick forest of deodar trees. The remains of the summer palace of the former rulers of Mandi are located here. The spot unfolds breathtaking visats of the valleys below. There is a PWD rest house at Jhatingri.

BAROT (1830 m): Just 40 km by road from Joginder Nagar and 12 km by haulage trolley, Barot packs an enormous range of outdoor activities. The reservoir of the Joginder Nagar Hydel Power Project is located here. A trout breeding centre, makes it a wonderful place for angling. Across the river Uhl is the Nargu wildlife Sanctuary - home to the ghoral, Himalyan black bear and a variety of pheasants. A trek route through thick forests links Barot to Kullu. There are rest houses at Thaltukhod and Silbadhwani in the Nargu Wildlife Sanctuary.

SHIKARI DEVI (2850 m): It is possible trek to Shikari Devi from Janjheli and Karsog. Through woods of assorted trees and shrubs - which include several medicinal herbs - two separate trek routes lead up to this ancient shrine which crowns the top of a hill. One approach is from Janjehli and the other from Karsog. Hunters in the area once prayed to the Goddess for success in their hunt - and here, perhaps, lies the origin of the name 'Shikari Devi'. The Goddess is worshipped in the form of a stone image. Interestingly, the temple which is said to have been in existence since the time of the Pandavas, has no roof - for local legend has it, that all attempts to build one have been unsuccessful.

TATTAPANI (656 m): On the bank of the river Sutlej, Tattapani is approachable from Mandi via Karsog. It is also approachable via Shimla. Resting deep in a scenic valley and surrounded by high hills, Tattapani is famous for its hot sulpher springs- noted for their therapeutic powers. The HPTDC runs a lodge and there are rest houses at Tattapani.

PRASHAR LAKE (2730 m): Linked by road to Mandi. An interesting 14 km. trek is possible along a steep track from Kataula, which is easily accessible from Mandi. The beautiful Prashar Lake is located high in the mountains, 40 km north of Mandi. It is here that sage Prashar is said to have meditated. On the lake's edge is a three-storeyed pagoda-like temple dedicated to the sage. Capped with a roof of slate tiles, the temple has a wealth of wood carving. It is said to have been built by Raja Ban Sen of Mandi in the 14th centuary. An entire panorama of snowy mountain ranges is visible from this location.

District Kangra

NURPUR: Once a principality of Kangra, Nurpur is 24 km from Pathankot and 66 km from Dharamsala. Nurpur was known earlier as Dhameri. It achieved its peak during the rule of Raja Basu (1580-1613). The remains of his impressive fort can still be seen. Raja Basu's son Suraj Mal rose in rebellion against the Mughal Empreror Jehangir. After the uprising was quelled, the town of Dhameri was renamed Nurpur after Jahangir's beautiful wife, Nur Jehan. Today, apart from the fort, the attractions of Nurpur include the Brijraj Temple dedicated to Lord krishna. There are few other old temples at Nurpur. The place is renowned for its fine pashmina shawls.

MASRUR (800 m): Easily accessible by road from Kangra (15 km) and Dharamsala (40 km). Fifteen richly carved, monolithic, rock temples, dating back to the 8th century, are to be found atMasrur, just 15 km south of Kangra. Located on a hillock that rises above a well watered and fertile tract of considerable natural beauty - they are framed by the snow-clad peaks of Dhauldhar mountains. These shrines similar to the rock-cut temples at Ellora and Mahabalipuram, are the only monuments of this style in northern India. With rich ornamentation executed over staggering proportions, the Masrur temples brings to mind the remark that Indian temple builders "conceived like giants and had the finish of jewelers". Images of Lord Rama, Laxmana and Sita are installed in the central shrine.

MAHARANA PRATAP SAGAR: The Maharana Pratap Sagar can be approached from Pathankot via Jassur, from Chandigarh via Talwara and from Dharamsala via Dehra. The shimmering waters of the Pong Dam reservoir are clearly visible from the heights of Dharamsala. A man-made wetland over the River Beas, the lake, is the habitat of a variety of migratory birds from Siberia and Central Asia. Over 220 species of birds have been sighted here. It is also an excellent place to go fishing for mahaseer, there are numerous spots for the angler.

BIR (2080 m) AND BILLING (2600 m): Just 16 km from Joginder Nagar and 19 km from Baijnath, Bir is located amidst verdant fields and tea gardens. There is a large a Tibetan community and beautiful monastery here. Facing Bir is the fort of Ahju to which a trek can be made. Surrounded by an amphitheater of low hills Bir is an ideal landing ground for hang/paragliders. The road to Billing goes past Bir and climbs through thick woods. Billing, 14 km from Bir with its arena of 200 km or more for high altitude and cross country flying is an exceptional site for aero sports. An annual hang gliding festival is held at Billing.

District Bilaspur

BAHADURPUR (1980 m): Close to the town of Bilaspur (40 km), Bahadurpur range towers over lesser hills of the area. A small forest of deodar and Himalayan oak that spreads over it considerably enhances its beauty. The crest offers panoramic view and the Ratanpur Fort, Swarghat, the Fatehpur Fort, Naina Devi, the plains near Ropar and even the Shimla hills can be seen from here. The Bahadurpur Hill is crowned by the remains of a circular fort which was built by Raja Keshab Chand in the 17th century.

SWARAGHAT (1220 m): Swarghat is 40 km from Bilaspur on Chandigarh- Bilaspur road and 22 km from Nalagarh. It is surrounded by low rolling hills that are draped by forests of pine. An attractive picnic spot, it forms an interesting excursion. The shrine of Naina Devi and the Bhakra Dam are approachable from here. The link road for Nalaragh and Pinjor turns off from the National Highway at Swarghat.

KOT KEHLUR: The square structure of the fortress of Kot Kehlur is 3 km from Ganguwal, close to boundary with Punjab this impressive fort, over 30 m high, has effectively withstood the ravages of time, it is said to have been built by Raja Bir Chand. Legend has it that at the site of the fort, a goat staved off an attack by a lion to protect its new-born kid. This was taken as an auspicious sign and the fort was constructed at the site of the struggle.

GOBIND SAGAR (520 m): In 1963, the the world's highest gravity dam, the Bhakra, was dedicated to the nation. Its huge reservoir, the Gobind Sagar Lake, on the River Sutlej, extending for 90 km upto the town of Bilaspur covers an area of some 170 sq km. Its clear waters hold a variety of fish and its banks are a draw for hopeful anglers. A large range of avian life can be seen in the lake. The Gobind Sagar Lake is also emerging as a major site for boating and water sports and a wide range of facilities and training courses are available. Every winter, the Mountaineering Institute holds a festival of water sports here.

District Sirmour

RAJGARH (2169 m): Just 30 km from Solan Rajgarh blessed with considerable natural beauty, is an unspoilt retreat set amidst apple orchards. Its entry into the tourist circuit is relatively recent. A rest house and eating places made it convenient for a holiday.

SHILLAI: Approachable by road from Paonta Sahib and Sataun and surrounded by woods, Shillai lies close to the River Tons. It is closely allied with the worship of local deities Shirgul and Gugga and is an important centre of folk culture. A trek to the 3647 m peak of Choor Chandni also called the Churdhar, loosely translated as the 'mountain of the silver bangle', can be made from here via Haripur Dhar. A trek to Chakrata in Uttar Pradesh is also possible from Shillai.

District Solan

ARKI: Just 52 km from Shimla, once the capital of the princely state of Baghal. The elegant palace at Arki, picturesquely located against a wooded hillside, is famous for its Ast Bayaka frescoes, executed in the Arki Kalam style. Refurbished now, the palace is a Heritage Hotel.

The Jakholi Temple, at Arki, is a remarkable archetectural specimen- a triple shrine of the 'shikhara' style. Other temples include those dedicated to Lutuur Mahadeva, the Shakni Mahadeva, Bhairon and Durga Mata.

NALAGARH: 45 km from Pinjore in Haryana, and at the half-way point on the road to Swarghat, Nalagarh was the capital of princely state having the same name. The Nalagarh Valley is a long strip bounded by the heavily eroded range of the Shivaliks in the south and west and the spurs of the outer Himalayas to the north-east. Around the valley are the ruins of the Surajupur, Malaon, Ramgarh and Chamba forts. Nalagarh is best known for its fortified palace and its fine wall paintings. This palace, recently refurbished is now a Heritage Hotel and promises an unusual royal experience to visitors.

District Shimla

SARAHAN (2125 m): 184 km from Shimla, Sarahan is well connected with bus service. Taxis are also available at Shimla and Rampur. The gorgeous spectacle of the Himalayan ranges with the unspoilt pastoral loveliness of an unpretentious village, Sarahan is truly a haven tucked away in the foothills of the Himalayas. Situated in the Sutlej Valley, on way to district of Kinnaur, Sarahan was the old capital of Rampur Bushair, one of the biggest princely states in Shimla hills. The major attraction in Sarahan is centuries-old Bhimkali Temple and Raja Bushair Palace. Steeped in legend, the temple complex is a resplendent example of hill architecture. Sarahan is also the gateway to Kinnaur.

CHANSHAL (4220 m): This high pass that closes in October to reopen only in April, hides the fascinating tract of Dodra-Kwar, where time seems to have stood still for several centuries. From here one can descend to the Rupin River. One can also trek on via Natwar and Panog to Haripur Dhar, include the Churdhar and loop around to Chaupal.

CHOPAL (2328 m): The little town of Chopal, 100 km from Shimla, has an authentic flavor of the Himachal hills, With wood and slate houses surrounded by forest of deodar tress, with high snow covered peaks in sight, Chopal has a perfect picturesque setting. This is one of the starting points of the trek to the churdhar Peak. Above Chaupal is an old temple dedicated to Lankra Bir (Bhairon), and at Sarain, there is the Bijjat Temple.

Beautiful Mountain stream, River Malana.

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This is a swift, yet beautiful mountain stream, River Malana. Located in the lost paradise of Malana village in Himachal Pradesh, this river flows in the Himachal mountains and into the Parvati Valley. It represents the beauty that Mother Nature has blessed this lost paradise with. Malana is a tribal village with rules and laws of its own. The people there speak a different dialect and do not adhere to laws of the Indian Government. Outsiders are usually not treated well.

Adventure and Sports in Himachal

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The skiing packages are organised at Narkanda during winters.

How to Reach: Narkanda is situated at a distance of 65 km from Shimla on NH - 22 towards Rampur and Kinnaur after crossing Kufri, Fagu Theog and Matiana. It is connected by regular Bus / Taxi services. In case traveling from Delhi, state transport buses traveling from Delhi to Rampur cross Narkanda. Buses from Delhi leave in the night. Distance from New Delhi to Narkanda is 434 km.

Other General Information

Physical Fitness: It is commonly believed that only athletes can aspire to be skiing. This is not true. However, good physical conditions will ensure quick all around progress and avoid accidents. It is, therefore, recommended that 30 minutes exercise for about 20 days prior to joining the courses will be of help to tone-up the required muscles and enable the trainees to pick-up skiing quickly and efficiently. Some suggested exercises are given below:

JOGGING
SKY JUMPS 60 TO 100
ABDOMINAL EXERCISE
DEEP BREATHING EXERCISE.
LIGHT YOGA EXERCISE.

Medical Facilities: Medical facilities are available in the Government health centers and private clinics at Manali and Narkanda. It is advisable to bring blood group card and any special instruction regarding medicines for sprain, headache, cold and pain balm, foot powder and other relevant patent medicines.

Risk: In the modern techniques of ski training and with advanced equipment the chances of injuries are greatly reduced. However, Himachal Pradesh Tourism Development Corporation Limited / Institute of Mountaineering and Allied Sports does not take any responsibility should any mishap or other unavoidable factors occur. Participants, who are below 21 years of age, will have to get the accompanying information from signed by their parents / guardians.

Insurance: Participants are advised to insure themselves against accident before joining the course.

Travelling Consession: Participants should bring their own / rail concession certificates. Reservation of rail / air journeys are to be done by the participants though our offices will render all possible assistance.

Essential Items required: Participants are advised to bring the following articles with them:

Gum boots / snow boots, mountain jersey.
Small torch with cells.
Toilet articles as required.
Woolen/leather gloves.
Woolen clothing cap, Including socks etc.
Wind proof or padded jacket.
Dark glasses.

Fagu

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FAGU

Fagu is a tiny village aside a saddle-like mountain along Hindustan Tibet Road. A rare range of views is visible from here, which include vivid dales and snow clad peaks. The picturesque countryside is dotted with clusters of villages, fruit gardens and nearby terraced fields. Fog characterizes the hillside landscape endowed with romantic ambience. Most of the area is covered with conifers of Himalayan cedar and spruce. Located at an altitude of 2,450 m, Fagu, perhaps have derived its name from the fog itself.

ACCESS : The closest airport is at Jubbar-Hatti, 45 km away. The nearest narrow gauge railhead is at Shimla, 22 km away. By road Chandigarh is 139 km and Delhi is at a distance of 392 km.

CLIMATE : In winter, the temperature can drop to below freezing point when heavy woolens are required and in summers light woolens / cottons are recommended.

PLACES OF INTEREST

KUFRI (4 km): (2510 m) Famous for its ski slopes also have enjoyable walks leading up to Mahasu Peak in proxomity. A Nature Park and Mini Zoo are other places worth visiting. Hill ponies and Yaks are available for a joy ride. HiPTDC here runs Cafe Lalit.

SHIMLA (22 km): (2205 m) Once a summer seat of Britesher, Shimla is now the state capital of Himachal Pradesh. It has the rarest of the rare heritage buildings and monuments of the bygone area. Worth seeing places are - The legendary Mall Road, The Ridge, The Christ Church, Kali Bari Temple, Jakhu Hanuman Temple, Sankat Mochan, State Museum, Institute of Advanced Studies.

CHAIL (27 km): (2226 m) provides many bounties of nature. Once the summer capital of Maharaja of Patiala, the Kingly Palace decorated with some historical objects as well, is now owned as a Heritage building by HPTDC. Also famous for the world's highest Cricket Ground, Wildlife Sactuary and Sidh Baba ka Mandir.

NARKANDA (42 km): (2708 m) On the Hindustan Tibet road, Narkanda offers a spectacular view of higher snow ranges. An uphill trek (8 km) through deodar woods leads beholder to Hatu Peak famous for ancient Hatu Mata Temple (3475 m) which is now connected with a motorable road. During winter, under the aegis of HPTDC, skiing is also conducted here. Kotgarh and Thanedhar, Himachal's Apple heartland famous for delicious apples are located in vicinity. HPTDC runs Hotel Hatu at Narkanda.

Shimla

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Shimla

Height: Most of the town lies between 2,100 m and 2,300 m

Languages spoken: Hindi. Also English, Punjabi and Pahari.

Religion: Mostly Hindu. Also Sikh, Muslim and Christian

Medical Facilities: Good

Telecommunications: Worldwide links by the net, telephone and fax, code: 0177

With all its intricacies, history seems to have been the mortar for every brick and stone that has built Shimla. As the summer capital of British India for well over a century it was the seat of one of the most powerful governments in the world. From its cedar-shaded heights, one fifth of the human race was ruled and the decisions made those decades ago affect our lives to the present day.

The town of Shimla rose in the nineteenth century when the Gurkha Wars came to an end in 1815-16 and the victorious British decided to retain certain pockets as military outposts and sanitaria. In 1822 the most rigorous of dandies and the greatest of sticklers for form Captain Charles Pratt Kennedy, Political Agent to the Hill States directed that a house be built for him at the village whose name is variously reported as Sheyamalaya Shumlah, Shimlu and Shemlah. Kennedy House led the vanguard of the hundred-odd houses that were to scatter themselves by 1841 over every level or gently inclining space. Lured by the climate and terrain scores of European invalids began moving to the station and the only stipulation of the local chief who owned the land was that no tree be cut or cattle slaughtered.

In 1864 the Viceroy, John Lawrence anointed Shimla – then spelt Simla, as the summer capital of British India. With Lawrence came the Viceroy Council, the Imperial Secretariat, representatives of the Indian princes and foreign envoys. As the town grew to become the workshop of the Empire, an awed visitor observed, every pigeonhole cradled an embryo of a war or death. Despite the fact that up to the time of Indian independence in 1947, Shimla officially remained only the summer capital, yet the Government spent more time in these hills than at the actual capital Calcutta and later New Delhi. As the bearer of the Viceregal sceptre this tiny pocket became the cynosure of British Empire. Imperial grandeur, and all the panoply and trappings of power came along for the ride. And there was a popular local saying that went, “You cannot sleep the nights in Simla for the sound of grinding axes”. A social whirl of parties, gymkhanas, balls, fancy fairs and affaires du Coeur ensured that a heady mixture of scandal and intrigue constantly wafted through the town.
Quite inevitably the freedom movement had a close connection with Shimla.Ornithologist and former Civil Servant,

Free Maps

Allan Octavian Hume created the Indian National Congress which spearheaded the struggle while living in the town. Stalwarts like Mahatma Gandhi, Pandit Nehru, C. Rajagopalachari, Pandit Madan Mohan Malviya and Maulana Azad regularly visited Shimla.

Major events that took place in the town were the Simla Conference in 1942, the deliberations of the Cabinet on and finally the decision to partition India.

And while the British Empire may have ceased to exist, its echoes linger on in the architecture and ambience of this hill resort. The elements of nostalgia may be strong but Shimla also has a youthful vigour in its pace. Its easy accessibility and several other attractions have made it one of India’s most popular hill resorts. There are many unforgettable walks, day-excursions by the dozen, a variety of convenient shopping and entertainment museums, and ice-skating in winter. Shimla is the base or the unwinding point for numerous exhilarating routes to the state interior.
Today the town is distinctive for its variety of architecture. It has one of the rare surviving urban forests, made all the more unique, for its species are temperate to alpine ones in what is otherwise a tropical zone. And then Shimla’s famous Mall offers one of the longest stretches of pedestrian shopping in the world.

Within and around Shimla, the public and private sector offer an enormous range of accommodation that range from modern to heritage hotels. Like satellites placed around the centre, there are many resorts in Shimla’s periphery that are full-fledged destinations in their own right. These are located at Mashobra, Naldehra, Kufri, Shilon Bagh and Chail. En route by road from Kalka there are Parwanoo, Dharampur and Kasauli.

Plan Your Sightseeing

If you are fond of walking, Shimla will unfold parts that remain hidden to vehicles. Combinations by car and then on foot are possible in several areas. It is suggested that you take a direction for the day and cover the places of interest.

The area around the Institute of Advanced Study has several walks. Combine these with visit to the State Museum and expand if you will towards Kamna Devi.

Tara Devi and Sankat Mochan can be linked with a short train ride to Tara Devi station. The Himalayan Queen that leaves Shimla at 10.15 am is recommended.

Jakhoo can be combined with a stroll and shopping on the Mall and in Lakkar Bazaar. The Lower Bazaar that runs parallel to the Mall at a lower level has the flavour of a typical Indian market place. Trinkets that can be purchased here include silver jewellery. You can also walk towards Chotta Shimla and Raj Bhavan the residence of the state Governor. The recently created rooms of Himachal Darshan offer a glimpse of the various district in the state. Jakhoo has several paths that criss-cross the hill a good walk is along the old Five Benches Road near the microwaves link tower. The Bharari spur also has many walks that can be done in a few hours or carried over the day

Special Interest

Nature

Some routes offer a greater variety of Shimla trees, shrubs, wildflowers and ferns. If you are lucky some bird species can also be sighted. Some suggested places are:

The Glen, and the narrow forest trail that runs above it and loops around Summer Hill. The Bharari spur. Towards the villages of Kamina and Pabo. Trek route down from Kamina to Tattapani.

Colonial Architecture

Most of Shimla has diverse colonial forms culled from all over Europe.

English Renaissance: With a castle-like appearance is the former Viceregal Lodge which is now the Indian Institute of Advanced Study. This is surrounded by assorted cottages.

English Home Counties Marketplace: The Mall

Neo-Gothic: Gorton Castle now the office of the Accountant General and formerly the Imperial Civil Secretariat; the Secretariat of the Himachal Government at Ellerslie; and the Gaiety Theatre on the Mall

Norman- Baronial: District Courts.

Swiss- Bavarian chalets: The Chalet Day School and Cedar Lodge (Punjab Government Rest House).

Tudor: The Library on the Ridge and Barnes Court

Churches: Christ Church, St. Andrew and the deconsecrated churches of St. Andrew’s (now, the Evening College) All Saints Chapel 9nearthe gates of the Indian Institute of Advanced Study).

Cemeteries: Adjoining Oakover, the residence of the Chief Minister of Himachal has the oldest one. The largest ‘old-one’ is below St. Edward’s school and is approached via the Potato Research Station. The one at Sanjauli also dates back to colonial times and is still in use.
Others: Yarrows, various schools and college and cottages all over town.

Shopping

Handicrafts. Shawls and tweeds. Fruit juice and jams. Honey. Quality woollens. Silver jewellery. Rare books and etchings. Contemporary pahari miniature paintings. Metalware. Rugs and carpets. Handmade footwear. Wooden items like walking sticks.

Planning a Week in the Shimla Sector

A week’s time will give you a healthy sampler of Shimla. Dividing your time between the town and suburbs is suggested. You can also divide your stay between the town and the peripheral region. A good time to do the walks are the mornings. A visit to the Mall is the ideal plan for the evenings. When visiting the suburbs plan for most of the day. In season, an appropriate activity like activity – like ice-skating can be pursued. Let your hotel or an approved travel agent help you plan your itinerary – those few minutes will add a great deal to your stay.

Distances from Shimla

Places to visit	Km.
Chadwick Falls	7
Chindi	94
Craignano	18
Fagu	22
Hatkoti	109
Jubbal	90
Kharapathhar	85
Indian Institute of Advanced Study	4
Jakhoo Temple	2.5
Kotgarh	82
Mashobra	12
Naldehra	13
Narkanda	65
Prospect Hill	5
Rampur	130
Sarahan	171
Recong Peo	231
Tara Devi	11
Summer Hill	5
State Museum	3
Sankat Mochan	7

History of Himachal Pradesh

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History of Himachal Pradesh

Himachal Pradesh has been inhabited by human beings since the dawn of civilization. It has a rich and varied history which can be divided into several distinct eras.

Prehistory and Protohistory

About 2 million years ago man lived in the foothills of Himachal Pradesh, viz in the Bangana valley of Kangra, Sirsa valley of Nalagarh and Markanda valley of Sirmour. The foothills of the state were inhabited by people from Indus valley civilization which flourished between 2250 and 1750 B.C. People of Indus valley civilization pushed the original inhabitants of Ganga plains who were known as Kolorian people towards north. They moved to the hills of Himachal Pradesh where they could live peacefully and preserve their way of life.

In the Vedas they have been referred to as Dasas, Dasyus and Nishadas while in later works they have been called Kinnars, Nagas and Yakshas. The Kols or Mundas are believed to be the original migrants to the hills of present day Himachal.

The second phase of migrants came in the form of Mongoloid people known as Bhotas and Kiratas. Later on came the third and most important wave of migrants in the form of the Aryans who left their Central Asian home. These laid the base of history and culture of Himachal Pradesh.

Early History up to Harsha

According to the Mahabharta the tract which forms the present day Himachal Pradesh was made up of number of small republics known as Janpadas each of which constituted both a state and cultural unit.

Audumbras: The were the most prominent ancient tribes of Himachal who lived in the lower hills between Pathankot and Jwalamukhi. They formed a separate state in 2 B.C.

Trigarta: The state lay in the foothills drained by three rivers, i.e. Ravi, Beas and Satluj and hence the name. It is believed to have been an independent republic.

Kuluta: The kingdom of Kilita was situated in the upper Beas valley which is also known as the Kully valley. Its capital was Naggar.

Kulindas: This kingdom covered the area lying between the Beas, Satluj and Yamuna rivers, i.e. the Shimla and Sirmour hills. Their administration resembled a republic with members of a central assembly sharing the powers of the king.

Gupta Empire: Chandragupta slowly subdued most of the republics of Himachal by show of strength or use of force though he usually did not rule them directly. Ashoka, the grandson of Chandragupta extended his boundaries to the Himalyan region. He introduced Buddhism to this tract. He built many stupas one of which is in the Kullu valley.

Harsha: After the collapse of Gupta empire and before the rise of Harsha, this area was again ruled by petty chiefs known as Thakurs and Ranas. With the rise of Harsha in the early 7th century, most of these small states acknowledged his overall supremacy though many local powers remained with the petty chiefs.

Rajput Period

A few decades after Harsha's death (647 A.D.) many Rajput states ascended in Rajsthan and Indus plains. They fought amongst themselves and the vanquished moved to the hills with their followers, where they set up small states or principalities. These states were Kangra, Nurpur, Suket, Mandi, Kutlehar, Baghal, Bilaspur, Nalagarh, Keonthal, Dhami, Kunihar, Bushahar, Sirmour.

Mughal Rule

The small hill kingdom

enjoyed a large degree of independence till the eve of Muslim invasions in northern India. States of the foothills were devastated by Muslim invaders from time to time. Mahmud Ghaznavi conquered Kangra at the begining of the 10th centuary. Timur and Sikander Lodi also marched through the lower hills and captured several forts and fought many battles.

Later on as the Mughal dynasty began to break up; the rulers of the hill states took full advantage. The Katoch rulers of Kangra availed of this opportunity and Kangra regained independence status under Maharaja Sansar Chand who ruled for nearly half a centuary. He was one of the ablest administrators of the region. After he took formal possession of Kangra fort, Sansar Chand began to expand his territory. The states of Chamba, Suket, Mandi, Bilaspur, Guler, Jaswan, Siwan and Datarpur came under the direct or indirect control of Sansar Chand.

Anglo-Gorkha and Anglo-Sikh War

The Gorkhas, a martial tribe came to power in Nepal in the year 1768. They consolidated their military power and began to expand their territory. Gradually the Gorkhas annexed Sirmour and Shimla hill states. With the leadership of Amar Singh Thapa, Gorkhas laid siege to Kangra. They managed to defeat Sansar Chand, the ruler of kangra, in 1806 with the help of many hill chiefs. However Gorkhas could not capture Kangra fort which came under Maharaja Ranjeet Singh in 1809. After this defeat the Gorkhas began to expand towards south. This resulted in the Anglo-Gorkha war. They came into direct conflict with the English along the tarai belt after which the English expelled them from the hill states east of the Satluj. Thus British slowly emerged as the paramount powers in this tract.

After the Anglo-Gorkha war the common border of the British domain and Punjab became very sensitive. Both the Sikh and English wanted to avoid a direct conflict, but after the death of Ranjit Singh, the Khalsa army fought a number of wars with the British. In 1845 when the Sikhs invaded the British territory by crossing the Satluj, the rulers of many hill states sided with the English as they were looking for an opportunity to settle scores with the former. Many of these rulers entered into secret communication with the English. After the first Anglo-Sikh war, the British did not restore the hill territory vacated by Sikhs to their original owners.

Revolt of 1857

The revolt or first Indian war of independence resulted due to the building up of political, social, economic, religious and military grievances against the British. People of the hill states were not politically alive as the people in other parts of the country. They remained more or less aloof and so did their rulers with the exception of Bushahr. Some of them even rendered help to the Britishers during the revolt. Among them were the rulers of Chamba, Bilaspur, Bhagal and Dhami. The rulers of Bushars acted in a manner hostile to the interests of British. However it is not clear whether they actually aided the rebels or not.

British Rule 1858 to 1914

The British territories in the hill came under British Crown after Queen Victoria's proclamation of 1858. The states of Chamba, Mandi and Bilaspur made good progress in many fields during the British rule. During the first World War, virtually all rulers of the hill states remained loyal and contributed to the British war effort both in thr form of men and materials. Amongst these were the states of Kangra, Siba, Nurpur, Chamba, Suket, Mandi and Bilaspur.

Freedom Struggle 1914 to 1947

The people of the hill also participated in the freedom struggle. The highlights of the freedom movement in this tract are listed below:

Praja Mandal launched agitations against the British yoke in areas under direct British Rule.
In other princely states agitations were launched for social and political reforms. However these were directed more against the princes than against the British and as such were mere extensions of freedom movement.
The Mandi conspiracy was carried out in 1914-15 under the influence of the Gadhr party. Meetings were held in Mandi and Suket states in December 1914 and January 1915 and it was decided to murder the Superintendent and Wazir of Mandi and Suket, to loot the treasury, blow to up the bridge over Beas river. However conspirators were caught and sentenced to long terms in prison.
The Pajhota agitation in which the people of a part of Sirmour state revolted is regarded as an extension of the Quit India Movement of 1942.
Important freedom fighters of this state during this period included Dr. Y.S. Parmar, Padam Dev, Shivanand Ramaul, Purnanand, Satya Dev, Sada Ram Chandel, Daulat Ram, Thakur Hazara Singh and Pahari Gandhi Baba Kanshi Ram.
The Congress party was also active in the freedom movement in the hill state particularly in Kangra.

Post-Independence Period

The history of present day Himachal Pradesh in the post-independence era has been outlined below:

The Chief Commissioner's province of H.P. came into being on 15th April, 1948.
H.P. became a part C state on 26th January, 1950 with the implementation of the Constitution of India.
Bilaspur was merged with Himachal Pradesh on 1st July, 1954.

Himachal Pradesh became Union Territory on 1st November, 1956.

Kangra and most of the other hill areas of Punjab were merged with H.P. on 1st November, 1966 though its status remained that of a Union Territory.

On 18th December, 1970 the State of Himachal Pradesh Act was passed by Parliament and the new state came into being on 25th January, 1971. Thus H.P. emerged as the eighteenth state of Indian Union.

Himachal Pradesh has come a long way since then. It has seen a number of full-fledged governments which have led the state towards economic self-reliance.

Getting to Himachal Pradesh

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Getting to Himachal

There are five major zones that draw the maximum visitor or act as base camps for most of Himachal – Shimla, Kullu and Manali, Dalhousie and Chamba, Kangra- Dharamshala-Palampur and Paonta-Nahan. From these routes one can explored "off-beat" destinations also. A wide range of accommodation like tourism hotels, private hotels, guest houses, home stays, rest houses etc. are available in these areas.

Shimla

By Air: The airport is at Jubbarhatti, 23 km from Shimla city and is connected to Delhi. Taxi/cabs are available.
By Rail: Shimla is connected by a broadgauge line up to Kalka (90 km). The journey between Kalka and Shimla takes about six hours and is one of the finest ways of enjoying the landscape. The quaint rail car, which runs on this stretch, takes about five hours. A luxury coach that accommodates six persons has recentely been introduced and can be attached to any train of your choice. The Shivalik Express is a deluxe train on this route. Delhi (380 km), Chandigarh (120 km) and Kalka (90 km) from Shimla.

By Road: Shimla is connected by road to all major cities in north India. Taxi cabs for Shimla are available at Delhi, Chandigarh, Ambala and Kalka. Several state-run transport corporations including the Himachal Tourism Development Corporations ply Volvo ac and deluxe buses from Delhi and Chandigarh. Buses can also be chartered.

Dharamshala, Kangra and Palampur

By Air: The airport at Gaggal is 14 km from Dharamshala, 10 km from Kangra and 23 km from its twin town Mcleodganj. Palampur is 40 km away. Taxis are available.
By Rail: Pathankot is the closest broadgauge railhead and is 85 km from Dharamshala and 124 km from Palampur. Taxis are available. You can opt for the narrow gauge train for a taste of the area. It connects Pathankot to Jogindernagar. The station feeding Dharamshala is Kangra Mandir (20 km) and the one for Palampur is Maranda.

By Road: Dharamshala is accessible from National Highway No. 20 and is well linked to the region. It is 12 km from Gaggal town. Palampur is 38 km from Dharamshala and even independently is well linked. Dharamshala is 17 km from Kangra.

An interesting variation of the standard can be made by taking the train from Delhi up to Jalandhar or Una and then traveling by road. En route you can visit the shrines of Chintpurni, Jawalamukhi and Bajreshwari Devi (Kangra). The shrine of Naina Devi is also easily accessible if you opt for the Nangal railway station. The road distance from Jalandhar to Dharamshala is 165 km along this route.

Kullu and Manali

By Air: The airport at Bhuntar is the common base that feeds these towns. This is 10 km from Kullu and 50 km from Manali. Public transport buses and taxis are available.

By Road: Kullu and Manali are connected by an extensive network of road with the northen region. Air-conditioned and non air-conditioned deluxe coaches are run by HRTC, HPTDC and by private sector operators. National Highway No. 21 runs through the valley and connects Chandigarh and Delhi. Kullu is 535 km from Delhi.

Dalhousie and Chamba

By Air: The closest airport is at Gaggal (Kangra) near Dharamshala which is 125 km (Approx) from Dalhousie and 170 km (Approx) from Chamba via Banikhet route. Taxis are available.

By Rail: The nearest railhead is at Pathankot 85 km from Dalhousie and 120 km from Chamba . Taxis are available.

By Road: Both Dalhousie and Chamba are well connected by road. Taxis and regular coaches connect the towns.

Nahan, Paonta and Renuka (Sirmaur)

By Air: The closest airport is at Chandigarh.

By Rail: The nearest railhead is at Ambala and Kalka . Taxi's are available.
By Road: From Ambala, Chandigarh & Kalka and Dehradun. Regular bus service connect the towns. Paonta Sahib is 45 km and Renuka is 38 km from Nahan.

About Himachal

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The Land of Himachal

Popularly known as the Devbhumi – "Land of the Gods", Himachal Pradesh is a beautiful hill state in India, nestles in north-west region of western Himalayas. The state is landlocked with the Tibetan plateau to the east, Jammu and Kashmir to the north, and the Punjab to the west. However, the state stands apart from its neighbours in terms of its sheer topographic diversity and breathtaking pristine natural beauty. From vast tracts of high-altitude Trans-Himalayan desert to dense green deodar forests, from apple orchards to cultivated terraces, from snow capped high Himalayan mountain ranges to snow fed lakes and gushing rivers.

Brief Socio-Political History of the State

The earliest known inhabitants of the region were tribals called Dasas. Later, Aryans came and they assimilated in the tribes. In the later centuries, the hill chieftains accepted suzerainty of the Mauryan empire, the Kaushans, the Guptas and Kanuaj rulers. During the Mughal period, the Rajas of the hill states made some mutually agreed arrangements which governed their relations. In the 19th century, Ranjit Singh annexed/subjugated many of the states. When the British came, they defeated Gorkhas and entered into treaties with some Rajas and annexed the kingdoms of the others. The situation largely remained the same untill 1947. After Independence, 30 princely states of the area were united and Himachal Pradesh was formed on 15th April, 1948. On 1st November, 1966, certain areas belonging to Punjab were included in Himachal Pradesh. On 25th January, 1971, Himachal Pradesh was made a full-fledged State.

The State is bordered by Jammu & Kashmir on North, Punjab on West, Haryana on South, Uttar Pradesh on South-East and China on the East.