enghons

Mulkraj Anand

2023-05-24T22:27:00.000+05:30

Introduction

Mulk Raj Anand was an Indian writer of English language novels and short stories, children's literature who is one of the pioneers of Indo-Anglian fiction. Together with R.K Narayan, Raja Rao, was one of the first Indian-based writers in English. He was a man who gain an International Readership. His literary carrier was begun by a family tragedy arising from the rigidity of the caste system. He was one of the pioneers of Indo-Anglian fiction.

He spent World War.

Early Life:

Mulk Raj Anand was born on 12th December 1905 in Peshawar. He belongs to well known Kshatriya family. His father was Lalchand who was Head Clerk in British Indian Army. His mother was Ishwar Kaur who left for England for higher studies and joined the Cambridge University. He went to Kalsa College in Amritswar and then went to the university of Punjab from where he graduated in 1924.

Thereafter he went to University Collage in London on a scholarship before enrolling at the Cambridge University. He earned his Ph.D in 1929. In England, he actively became involved in left wing politics.

He met actress Kathleen van Gelder in London and the couple married in 1938. After that they got a beautiful gift a daughter. But unfortunately their marrige life was not good . Atlast they did divorced in 1948.

Later he married Shirin Vajibdar, a classical dancer.

He died in 2004 at the age of 98.

Professional life:

Mulk Raj Anand's writting carrier begn in England where he used to publish short reviews in T.S Eliot's magazine. a writer in English languages as returned to India in the year of 1939 and became a lecturer at the University of Boroda where he taught English Literature. He also served as a professor of philosophy at the University of Texas. He taught courses like Marxism to Gandhism and Indian philosophy: The Upanishads, The metaphysical Basics of Male and Female principles.

Novel:

Mulk Raj Anand was a prominent Indian writer who wrote in English and is considered to be the pioneer of English literature. He is best known for his novels, his great novels are....

In 1935, Mulk Raj Anand wrote his Great novel 'Untouchable'.

Mulk Raj Anand's second great and very famous novel 'Coolie' was written in the yer of 1936, London.

'Two Leaves and a Bud in 1937.

The Village in 1939.

Lament on the Death of a Master of Arts in 1939.

The Sword and sickle in 1942..

The Big Heart in 1945.

Seven Summers : here we got a Indian childhood story in 1951.

The Old woman and the cow in 1960.

The Road in 1961.

Morning Face in 1968.

Kanthapura and other stories(2001)

Gouri in 1976

The Bubble in 1984

The Moods of Bharatain 1988

Short Story

 'The Lost child and other stories in 1944

 The Barber's Trade Union and other stories in 1944.

 The tractor and the Corn Goddess and other stories in 1947.

 Reflection on the Golden Bed and other stories.

"The power of Darkness and other stories in 1959..

 Lajawanti and other stories.

 Between Tears and Laughter in 1973.

Things Have a way of working out in 1998.

OtherWorks:

Curries and Other Indian Dihes

Marx and Engles on India

R. K. Narayan got numerous awards:

Mulk Raj Anand was an outstanding and influential novelist. He was the first English philosopher and novelist of Indian literature.

He has given tremendous and marvelous work to the world and this eminent novelist has been felicitated with awards like;

- International Piece prize in the age of 1953
- Padma Bhushan (1967)
- Sahitya Academy Award in 1971

Raja Rao, Famous Indian English literature,

2023-04-23T19:29:00.000+05:30

Introduction

Raja Rao was an Indian-American writer of English language novels and short stories, whose works are deeply rooted in metaphysics. Raja Rao was a man who made wonders with his pen. He is the first English philosopher and novelist of Indian literature. Raja Rao is the most influential novelist that the nation has ever seen.

Raja Rao used English, French, and Kannada to write the most beautiful words of an era. He was the most eminent novelist and has been felicitated with awards including Padma Bhushan Award.

Early Life:

Born to well known Brahmin family, Raja Rao was born on 8th November 8, 1908, in Hasan, a small town in Mysore, India. He was the eldest child among his siblings. His father was a teacher at Nizam College teaching Kannada. He was born and brought up in a traditional Brahmin family and was also educated at home before going to a Muslim school and then Wesleyan Mission High School in nearby Mangalore. After completing his early education, he studied at the University of Madras and completed his bachelor's degree in English literature. And then he mastered France, and when he was in France his interest in the Indian. Independence movement.

The death of his mother at the early age of four and his grandfather left a great impression on his growing years. While in France he married Camille Mouly in 1931.

Later he married for the second time to Katherine Jones, an stage actor in Great America. Again also he married for the third time with Susan in 1970

He later married for the second time Katherine Jones, an American stage

Professional life:

Raja Rao returned to India in the year of 1939 and became a lecturer at the University of Boroda where he taught English Literature. He also served as a professor of philosophy at the University of Texas. He taught courses like Marxism to Gandhism and Indian philosophy: The Upanishads, The metaphysical Basics of Male and Female principles.

Novel:

Raja Rao was a prominent Indian writer who wrote in English and is considered to be a pioneers of English literature. He is best known for his novels, his great novels are....

In 1938, Raja Rao wrote his Great novel 'Kanthapura'which shows the impact of Gandhi's philosophy of non-violent resistance on the village.

Raja Rao's second great and very famous novel 'The Serpent and the Rope' Its based on the themes of love, marriage, and the search for spiritual fulfillment.

'The Cat and Shakespeare'(1965).

'Comrade Kirillov'(1976)

'The Chessmaster and His Moves' (1988)

The Ganga Ghat (1989).

The Policeman and the Rose (1998)

The Meaning of India(1998)

The Great Indian Way (1977) A Life of Mahatma Gandhi

The Emperor's New Clothes: An Anthology of Short Stories (1999)

The Life in Letters(2000)

Kanthapura and other stories(2001)

The Boyhood of Raja Rao(2002)

The Lapsed Pacifist and other stories(2003)

Raja Rao: A critical Appreciation(2004)

Short Story

'Indian Writing in English'(1945)

 'The Indian Imagination and English Fiction(1967)

 The Novel and the Tradition(1971)

 'The First Circle (1975)

 'Literature and Sacred'(1985)

"The Meaning of India," in. 1978.

 A Story Teller’s World

 The search for identity

 The Writer and Tradition

The function of the writer

The Metaphysical Novel

 TheArt of Fiction

R. K. Narayan got numerous awards:

Raja Rao was an outstanding and influential novelist. He was the first English philosopher and novelist of Indian literature.

He has given tremendous and marvelous work to the world and this eminent novelist has been felicitated with awards like;

- Sahitya Akademi Award (1964)
- Padma Bhushan (1969)
- Neustadt International Prize for Literature (1988)
- Padma Vibhushan (2007) posthumously.

He was an active part of the Quit India Movement.

The Looking Glass

2022-04-18T01:06:00.004+05:30

The Looking Glass

By Kamala Das

1. What is the theme of the poem?

Ans: The poem is about physical love between a man and a woman. The women in it is very men that seem to love, and the man is very to satisfy his sex-hunger.

2. When did Kamala Das publish the Looking Glass?

Ans: It was published in 1969, with the intention of enlightening them about the real nature of man-a-man women's relationships.

What Does the "Looking Gass" reflect here?

Ans: "Looking Glass" is a miss that faithfully affects the aGE OF and the degrading lot of a woman in a male-dominated society.

What does every woman and man see the want in this poem?

Ans: Every woman seeks love and every man wants a woman to satisfy his desire.

How should a woman be honest?

Ans: According to Kamala Das, a woman should be honest about her words and rearrangements, and then it would be easy for her to get a man to love her.

R. k Narayan

2022-02-04T11:32:00.001+05:30

R.K. Narayan(1906 - 2001)

Introduction

R. K. Narayan is the great writer of Indian English Literature. He is the most creative of all Indian writes. And He is known for his work which set in the fictional town that is called Malgudi. So, Malgudi is his fictional town and he create all his novel in this city Malgudi. R. K. Narayan is the contemporary writer of Mulkraj Annand and Raja Rao and this three Indian writer were the leading author of early Indian English Literature. Early Life: R. k. Narayan’s full name is Rasipuram Krishna swami Iyre Narayan swami. Where R stands for Rasipuram, this is the name of village in Madras, here K stand for Krishna swami is the name of his father and Narayan Swami is his name. R. K. Narayan was born on 10th October 1906 in Madras. His father Krishna swami Iyre was a school teacher. After R. k. Narayan’s birth K. Narayan is the great writer of Indian English Literature. He is the most creative of all Indian writes. And He is known for his work which set in the fictional town that is called Malgudi. So, Malgudi is his fictional town and he create all his novel in this city Malgudi. R. K. Narayan is the contemporary writer of Mulkraj Annand and Raja Rao and this three Indian writer were the leading author of early Indian English Literature.

Early Life:

R. k. Narayan’s full name is Rasipuram Krishna swami Iyre Narayan swami. Where R stands for Rasipuram, this is the name of village in Madras, here K stand for Krishna swami is the name of his father and Narayan Swami is his name. R. K. Narayan was born on 10th October 1906 in Madras. His father Krishna swami Iyre was a school teacher. After R. k. Narayan’s birthhis father got a job of a school teacher in Mysore and then the whole family moved there except R. K. Narayan who was left and stay with his grandmother but later he also shifted to Mysore. Education : R. K. Narayan was an intelligent student, after completed B.A in 1930 at the age of 24. He had also a large family to support.

Professional life:

R. K. Narayan got a job of as a clerk in the Mysore. Then he became a teacher in village school but he was not satisfied with his job means with the job of teacher as he wanted to become a writer. In the year 1933 he felt in love with a girl, Rajam.Later he married the girl and they had one daughter, Hema. Only 5 years after their marriage in the year 1939. His wife Rajam got died in Typhoid when their daughter was 3 years old. And he also died in 13th May 2001 in Chennai, Tamil Nadu at the age of 94.

At first he was very depressed to lose his wife then these depression became bravery concerning his girl's life.He always wanted to become a writer. So, he quit his of a school teacher and then devoted all his life to writer. And soon he attend great success as a novelist and a short story writer. And he started writing in few newspapers. After the marriage with Rajam, he joined as a reporter in “The Justice”.

Literary carrier

Novel:

In 1935 he wrote his first Novel Swami and Friends.The Bachelor of Arts (1937) was his second Novel that was packed with his collage experience.

In 1938, Narayan wrote his Third novel TheDark Room which shows inequality of domestic life.

R. k. Narayan’s fourth and very famous novel The English Teacher published in 1945.

R.k Narayan’s novel Mr. Sampath (1948).

The Financial Expert (1952)

Waiting for the Mahatma (1955)

The Guide (1958) were adapted into films.

The Man Eater of Malgudi (1961)

The Vendor Sweets(1967)

The pointer of Signs (1977)

A Tiger for Malgudi (1983)

Talkative Man(1986)

The World of Nagaraj(1990)

The Grandmother’s Tale(1992)

In 1964, the author published his first

mythological work Gods, Demons and others.

In 1994, he published Grandmother’s Tale and

other stories

Short Story

The Next Sunday(1960)

 My Dateless Diary(1960)

 Under the Banyan Tree

 A writer’s Nightmare

 My Days

 Reluctant Guru

 A Story Teller’s World

 Mysore

 Malgudi Days

 An Astrologer’s Day

 Mahabharata

 Yoga-Vasisht

R. K. Narayan got numerous awards:

 His novel The Guide was got the Sahitya Academy Award in the year1960. It was his first major award and when this book The Guide it was made into the film or movie then he received the “Film fare Award” for his best Novel.

 In the year 1964 he received Padma Bhushan during the Republic day Honours.

 He was nominated to the Rajjya Sabha.

 And he also nominated for the ’Noble Prize’ in literature multiple times but he didn’t get the honors.

 A year before his death, he was awarded

India’s second highest civilian honors, the

“Padma Vibhushan”.

In 1994 he was published The Grandmother’s Tale and that n was his last work after that he felt ill and hospitalized. On 13th May 2001 R. K Narayan died at the age of 94.

M.C.Q on The Rivals by R. B. Sheridan

2021-09-05T17:01:00.001+05:30

Group: B

Paper – lll

Topic: The Rivals by R. B. Sheridan

Q. Who wrote the play ‘The Rivals’?

Ans: Richard Brinsley Sheridan

Q. Where was Richard form?

Ans: The Irish Royal Theater.

Q. Where did Richard write this play?

Ans: London, England.

Q. The Rival by Richard Brinsley Sheridan is a --------

Ans: Comedy of manners.

Q. When was the play first produced?

Ans : 1775

Q. Where was it first produced?

Ans: The convent garden Theater

Q. Where does it take place?

Ans: Bath

Q. Where was Richard Sheridan from?

Ans : Ireland

Q. When was Richard Brinsley Sheridan baptized?

Ans: 4 November1751

Q. Where was Richard Brinsley Sheridan born?

Ans: Dublin

Q, When did Richard Brinsley Sheridan die?

Ans: 7 July 1816

Q. Where did Richard Brinsley Sheridan die?

Ans: London

Q. How old was Sheridan when he wrote it?

Ans : 23

Q. What is the father name of Sheridan?

Ans: Thomas Sheridan, was for some time an entertainer director at the Smock Alley Theater in Dublin.

Q From where R. B. Sheridan got literary talent?

Ans : From his mother he got literary talent.

Q. What is R. B. Sheridan’s father name?

Ans: Frances Sheridan, was a writer and author. She had two plays delivered in London in the mid-1760s

Q. What is the masterpiece in The R. B. Sheridan?

Ans: In 1777 he produced his masterpiece The School for Scandal.

Q. How many acts in the play?

Ans : Five acts.

Q. Who is the main character?

Ans : Lydia Languish

Q, How is Mrs. Malaprop related to Lydia?

Ans: She is her aunt.

Q. Who is in love with Lydia Languish?

Ans: Captain Jack Absolute; Bob Acre; Lucius O Trigger.

Q. Who is Lydia in love with?

Ans: Ensing Beverly; a poor man; writing love letters.

Q. How are Ensign and captain related?

Ans: They are same person

Q. What does Sheridan say in the first prologue?

Ans : He apologizes for his inexperience.

Q. Who is Jack Absolute?

Ans: Captain Jack Absolute is the hero of the play.

Q. Which character did Sheridan rewrite after the first performance?

Ans: Luscious O’TRIGGER.

Q. Who is Lucius O’trigger?

Ans: An Irish baronet who has lost his land and home, but prizes his valor in duels and family honor above all else, Sir Lucius is carrying on a secret correspondence with “Delia.”

Q. Who do the attony and sergeant at law defend in the first prologue?

Ans : The poet

Q. Who speaks the second prologue?

Ans: The Muse

Q. What does she say about the play?

Ans: It is Satirical Comedy.

Q. Who does Fag Serve?

Ans : Jack Absolute

Q. Who does Thomas post?

Ans: Coachman

Q. What is bath known for?

Ans : it is Medicinal Springs.

Q. Who is jack Absolute after ego?

Ans : Ensign Beverley.

Q. How much does Jack get a year?

Ans: 3,000

Q. Who does Jack love?

Ans: Lydia

Q. Why is Jack disguised as an ensign?

Ans: Lydia wants to marry someone poor.

Q. Where did Lydia and Jack get acquainted?

Ans: Gloucestershire

Q, who is Lydia’s keeper?

Ans : Mrs. Malaprop

Q. Who is Malaprop?

Ans: Lydia’s aunt and guardian.

Q. What is Malapropism?

Ans : The humorous substitution of a similar-sounding word that is completely inappropriate in meaning.

Q. Who is Bravery?

Ans: Jack Absolute tricks Lydia into believing that he is a poor ensign named Beverley in order to take advantage of her romantic disposition.

Q. Who else do Fag and Thomas discuss?

Ans: Faulkand

Q. Who does Faulkand love?

Ans: Julia

Q. What part of Thomas’ fashion does Fag tease?

Ans: His Wig

Q. What disease does Antony suffer from?

Ans : Gout

Q. What play is this for Richard Sheridan?

Ans : His first.

Q. How does the play begin?

Ans: The play begin with a prologue.

Q. How many characters are in the play “The Rivals”?

Ans: Twelve characters.

Q. What does the attorney hand to the sergeant at law?

Ans: A piece of paper.

Q. What does the sergeant at law claim when he is given this item?

Ans: That he cannot see the paper.

Q. How does the lawyer get the sergeant at law to accept the paper?

Ans: He slips money to the sergeant at law.

Q. Has Sheridan ever killed someone?

Ans: John Sheridan had killed his wife, set fire to their bedroom and then killed himself.

Q. Upon Jack’s revelation that he is Beverly, what happens?

Ans: Everyone is confused.

Q. Was Sheridan familiar with courting practices of the time?

Ans: Yes, he eloped with a woman he loved.

Q. Which play of Richard Brinsley Sheridan has the character Mrs. Malaprop?

Ans: The Rivals

Q. Who is the model for the character of Sir Fretful Plagiary in Richard Brinsley Sheridan’s play The Critic?

Ans: Richard Cumberland.

Q. Which play of Richard Brinsley Sheridan is considered the greatest comedy of manner in English?

Ans : The School for Scandal.

Q. Which party did Richard Brinsley Sheridan represent in parliament?

Ans: Whig.

Q. Who scolds Lucy on passing notes?

Ans : Fag.

Q. What is the plot of the play The Rivals?

Ans : The plot is the romantic difficulties of Lydia Languish, who is determined to marry for love and into poverty.

Q. What is the theme of The Rivals?

Ans: n The Rivals, some of the main themes are true love overcoming obstacles, rivalry, and forgiveness.

Q. Is The Rivals a comedy or farce?

Ans: The Rivals is a comedy of manners.

Q. What is bath known for in the rival?

Ans: The Rivals, is set in the city of Bath, a location long famed for its warm-water spa, where the wealthy and fashionable once came to "take the waters" in the same way as they might now vacation in a resort such as Stead.

Q. Who is Lydia's keeper?

Ans: Goalkeeper.

Q. Why is Lydia stunned to meet the new suitor?

Ans: She was never supposed to marry anyone.

Q. Is Lydia Williams injured?

Ans: Arsenal goalkeeper Lydia Williams, who has injured her anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) twice in her professional football career.

Q. What does the epilogue of the rivals address?

Ans: The epilogue addresses the place of love in life.

Q. Who speaks the second prologue on the Rivals?

Ans: The second prologue was spoken by the actress playing Julia Melville.

Q. what does Sheridan say in the first prologue?

Ans: He apologizes for his inexperience.

Q. Which character did Sheridan rewrite after the first performance?

Ans: Lucius O'Trigger

Q. Who do the attorney and sergeant at law defend in the first prologue?

Ans: The Poet

Q. Who speaks the second prologue?

Ans: The Muse

Q. What does she say about the play?

Ans: It's a satirical comedy

Q. Who does Fag serve?

Ans: Jack Absolute

Q. Who does Thomas serve?

Ans: Anthony Absolute

Q. What is Thomas' post?

Ans: Coachman

Q. What is Bath known for?

Ans: Its medicinal springs.

Q. Who is Jack Absolute's alter ego?

Ans: Ensign Beverley

Q. How much does Jack get a year?

Ans: 3,000

Q. Why is Jack disguised as an ensign?

Ans: Lydia wants to marry someone poor.

Q. Who is Lydia's keeper?

Ans: Mrs. Malaprop

Q. Who else do Fag and Thomas discuss?

Ans: Faulkland

Q. Who is faulkland?

Ans : A moody and lovesick young man.

MCQ on Great Expectation by Charles Dickens

2021-08-28T21:06:00.002+05:30

MCQ on Great Expectation by Charles Dickens

The Great Expectations

By Charles Dickens

Q. To which literary age did Dickens belong?

=> To The Victorian Age.

Q. Where was Dickens born?

=> Landport, Portsmouth, united Kingdom.

Q. Dickens was born at?

=> Land port in 1812. He died in 1870.

Q. Dickens was buried at?

=> Westminster Abbey

Q. Charles Dickens was a…….

=> Victorian Novelist

Q. Who has written Pickwick paper?

=> Charles Dickens

Q. Charles Dickens Novel largely deals with ……

=> Contemporary Social Condition.

Q. What is the Full name of Dickens?

=> Charles John Huffam Dickens.

Q. Dickens Was?

=> The Second child of his parents.

Q. Dickens father was?

=> A Clerk

Q. Who compared Dickens with Shakespeare in making “A characters as real as flesh and blood”?

=> T.S Eliot

Q. Who said about Great Expectations as, “Dickens most compactly perfect book”?

=> G. B Shaw

Q. Which was the first novel of Charles Dickens?

=> Pickwick Papers (1836)

Q. Which was the first novel of Charles Dickens?

=> Our mutual Friend (1864 - 65)

Q. Dickens was the LAST editor of the following newspapers. So which?

=> The Daily News

Q. Who wrote the Novel Great expectation?

Ans :- Charles Dickens wrote the Novel Great Expectation.

Q. Charles Dickens is called?

=> Shakespeare of English Fiction

Q. In which year The Great Expectations was published?

Ans: - 1^st December 1860 to August 1861

Q. What is the time period of Great Expectation?

Ans: - In the early to middle nineteenth century.

Q. Who published Great Expectation?

Ans: Chapman and Hall.

Q. What is the main message of Great Expectations?

Ans : Affection, Loyalty and Conscience.

Q. What is the meaning of Great Expectation?

=> Strong hopes or Beliefs

Q. What does Great Expectations focus on?

=> Wealth and Poverty, Love and Rejection

Q. In 1861, Great Expectations was published in?

Ans: Three Volumes.

Q. To what genre of fiction defined by its depiction of a character’s grown from childhood to adulthood does Great Expectations belong?

=> Bildungsroman

Q. Charles Dickens Great Expectation can be considered….?

=> An Autobiographical Novel.

Q. Where and When Charles Dickens Born?

Ans: Charles Dickens born at Portsea on 7^th February, 1812.

Q. What is the full name of Charles Dickens?

Ans:- Charles John Huffam Dickens

Q. What is the father name of Charles Dickens?

Ans:- The father name of Charles Dickens is John Dickens.

Q. Who said about Great Expectation as, “Pip nonsense”?

=> Thomas Carlyle

Q. The protagonist of the novel Great Expectation is?

=> Pip

Q. Great Expectations is narrated by?

=> Pip

Q. Who is Pip?

=> Pip is a poor innocent orphan boy.

Q. What is the Real name of Pip?

Ans: Philip Phirip

Q. What is the age of Pip when the Novel starts?

=> 7 years

Q. With whom Pip lived?

=> His Sister and her husband.

Q. What is the name of his sister?

=> Mrs. Joe

Q. Who is Mrs. Joe?

=> Mrs. Joe is the sister of Pip.

Q. What’s the name of the husband of Pip’s sister?

Ans: Mr. Joe Gargery.

Q. What is Mr. Joe?

=> Mr. Joe was a Blacksmith.

Q. How does Mr. Joe treat Pip?

=> Mr. Joe treat him like very kind and loving to the boy.

Q. What advice does Joe Gargery give to Pip?

=>To always be honest and forthright.

Q. The man who met Pip in the Churchyard asked Pip to bring?

=> Food and File

Q. How does Mrs. Joe Gargery treat to Pip?

=> His sister reared him in her cottage, but apparently without affection or kindness him as

Q. Who is the convict in Great Expectation?

=> Magwitch

Q. Who is Miss Havisham?

=> Rich and grim lady.

Q. What is the name of Miss Havisham house?

=> Satis House

Q. Who was the clerk of Jagger’s lawyer?

=> Wemmick

Q. How does Miss Havisham die?

=> Her cloths caught fire.

Q. Who is Estella?

=> Estella is the adapted daughter of Miss Havisham.

Q. Who is Estella’s father?

=> Abel Magwitch

Q. Who is Estella’s Mother?

=> Molly

Q. How does Estella treat Pip?

=> Unpleasantly

Q. Who is the heroine of the Novel?

=> Estella

Q. What was the card game that Pip and Stella played?

=. Begger-my-neighbour

Q. Who can be seen as a direct contrast to Pip?

=> Bentley Drummle

Q. Whom did Estella marry first?

=> Bentley Drummle

Q. Who calls Pip, “the coarse and common labour boy?”

=> Estella

Q. What happens when Mrs. Joe is attacked?

=> She suffers brain damage and is disabled.

Q. Who is Pip’s tutor in London?

=> Matthew Pocket

Q. Who is responsible for the attack on Mrs. Joe?

=> Orlick

Q. What does Pip do on Sundays?

=> Teaches Joe Gargery to read.

Q. Where did Joe Gargery and his family members live?

=> In the marsh area of Kent

Q. Why did Magwitch work all those years only to send money to Pip?

=> Because Pip fed him when Magwitch was a convict once.

Q. Who took Pip to the Miss Havinsham’s house?

=> His uncle Pumblechook.

Q. What is the name of Miss Havisham’s manor?

=> Satis House

Q. Who calls Pip’s father as “The Aged Parent”?

=> Wemmick

Who does Pip suspect of being his secret benefactor, for most of the Novel?

=> Miss Havisham

Q. How was Miss Havisham dressed?

=> In her wedding dress.

Q. At which time all the clocks in Satis house were stopped?

=> Twenty minutes before nine, which symbolizes the moment when she had her heart broken.

Q. Who was the low year of Miss Havisham?

=> Mr. Jaggers

Q. Who was the clerk of Jagger’s Lawyer?

=> Wemmick

Q. Who is “the pale young gentleman” in Great Expectations?

=> Herbert

Q. Where does Estella live when she goes abroad?

Ans: France

Q. What is the common name of poor Cocktown factory workers?

=> Hands

Q. In London, what is Pip’s reaction to Joe’s visit?

=> Embarrassment

Q. The mystery of Miss Havisham’s seclusion is that she….?

=> The deceived and robbed by a young man.

Q. Who tells Pip that Compeyson was Miss Havisham’s fiancé?

=> Herbert

Q. Who is Mr. Herbert?

=> Pip’s friend

Q. With whom Mr. Joe marriage after the death of Mrs. Joe?

=> Biddy

Q. Who is the wife Herbert?

=> Clara

Q. Pip goes to his village after how many year?

=> 11 years.

What happens to Compeson at the end of the Novel?

=> He disappears and is presumed drowned.

Q. Charles Dickens ‘Great Expectations’ can be considered ……?

=> A Semi-Autobiographical Novel.

Q. In London, what is Pip’s reaction to Joe’s visit?

=> Snobbish behavior

Q. What name does Magwitch use to hide his identity?

=> proves

Q. What is the source of the Havisham fortune?

=> A brewery

What was the name of Miss Havisham’s brother Compeyson’s first partner?

=> Arthur

Q. Who buys Herbert’s way into business?

=> Pip

Q. Whom does Estella marry?

=> Bentley Drummle

Q. Who is the “Pale Young gentleman”?

=> Herbert

Q. The lady deserted on the bridal morning in Great Expectation?

=> Miss Havisham

What is Herbert’s nickname for Pip?

=> Handel

Q. Where had Pip met Herbert for the first time?

=> In Miss Havisham’s garden where they fought.

Q. Miss Havisham raised Estella to have no heart and break the hearts of …..?

=> Men

Q. Who tells Pip that Compeyson wa Miss Havishame’s fiance?

=> Herbert

Q. Pip becomes the roommate of …. London?

=> Herbert

Q. How old is Pip when Magwitch returns to his life?

=> 21

Q. Who is the Convict in Great Expectation?

=> Abel Magwitch

Q. Estella marries to ….

=> Bentley Drummle

Q. What is the nickname o Herbert?

=> Handel

Q. Is Pip gentleman at the end of the novel Great Expectation?

=> Pip acted as Gentleman

Q. Olick reappears in Pip’s life, employed as Miss Havisham’s?

=> Porter

Q. The final words of Miss Joe Gargery apparently indicated that she was apologizing for the behavior towords?

=> Joe Gargery and Pip.

Q. Who plays the role of a villain in Great Expectation?

=> Olick

Renaissance Period

2021-07-29T18:51:00.002+05:30

Renaissance Period (1500-1660)

In England, the Reformation development and the Renaissance met up. The Reformation affected Renaissance writing. Truth be told, the scholarly and social history of the Renaissance won't be perceived without a reference to the Reformation and its effect on it. We may in this association allude to such creators as Marlowe, Spenser, and Shakespeare even to Milton. Milton alone addresses the Puritan job and its advantage throughout the entire existence of strict development against the Church of Rome. Indeed, Protestantism is an others conscious translation of the Catholic religion. It's anything but an advanced demeanor to the Christian religion. There is another significant occasion to note is the interpretation of the Bible—The Old Testament and The New Testament and its distribution in 1611. This rendition is known as the approved form of King James. In such a manner, 43 researchers were selected by the ruler. The office was along these lines made for the Bible to be perused by all classes of individuals and by the authors of various parts of writing. Various journalists made a reference to the Bible. At the end of the day, in the social restoration of the Renaissance, the Bible added an uncommon measurement. Along these lines, the approved adaptation of the Bible added to the public existence of the Renaissance and the Reformation of Europe. For a model, we can say the profound clash in Doctor Faustus' spirit was generally a contention in the spirit of Renaissance England. This was delivered by the powers of Renaissance and Reformation meeting up.

During the Elizabethan time, the Renaissance had made a monstrous commitment to craftsmanship, culture, and writing. Renaissance was a recovery in the investigation of Greek which brought light into numerous dull spots of the insight. The new energy for old-style learning in itself turned into a rich and commendable eagerness. In all parts of writing, Greek and Latin thoughts started to constrain themselves upon English. The new sentimentalism of the Elizabethan age is for the distant, the magnificent, and the wonderful. This is the reason the Elizabethan age is the first and most prominent heartfelt age. There was an undertaking in the scholarly field. It was the fervent young people of English writing and the accomplishment was deserving of it.

In Drama, there have been gigantic advancement. There showed up hosts of producers including Shakespeare. Notwithstanding some early troubles, the dramatization arrived at its peak in the hand of Shakespeare. Albeit the poetical creation was not exactly equivalent to the emotional, it was by and by of the extraordinary and unique excellence and exposition interestingly likewise increases to a place of top-notch significance. The Latin practice died and English writing procured a custom and a widespread application. There was a minor component of the age and it was the vanishing of Scottish writing which was brief however exceptional in the past age.

It is to be noticed that Elizabethan writing was brought into the world affected by Renaissance or humanism. The Elizabethan age is known as the first and most prominent age in English writing, the heartfelt mission of this age is for the distant, the brilliant, and the excellent. Love for excellence, erotic nature, creative mind, and so on establishes the heartfelt temper of the Elizabethan time frame. Consequently, the Elizabethan period is properly called the primary heartfelt age in English writing. In the Elizabethan age, England tested the cutting edge and antiquated scholars in different fields of writing – dramatization, epic, peaceful, verse, sentiment, purposeful anecdote, history, and theory. Maybe the entire country turned into a home of birds. Accordingly, there burst out the springtime of English writing. A large group of scholars with Shakespeare on their top returned and pushed the early English writing to the primary spot in the European Literature.

A Brief History of English Literature

2021-07-28T22:40:00.011+05:30

A Brief History of English Literature

Old English Literature

The Old English language or Anglo-Saxon is the most punctual type of English. The time frame is a long one and it is for the most part thought to be that Old English was spoken from about A.D. 600 to around 1100. Large numbers of the sonnets of the period are agnostic, specifically Widsith and Beowulf.

The best English sonnet, Beowulf is the principal English epic. The creator of Beowulf is mysterious. It is an account of a courageous youngster Beowulf in 3182 lines. In this epic sonnet, Beowulf sails to Denmark with a band of champions to save the King of Denmark, Hrothgar. Beowulf saves Danish King Hrothgar from a horrendous beast called Grendel. The mother of Grendel who looked for retribution for the demise of her child was additionally killed by Beowulf. Beowulf was compensated and became King. After a prosperous rule of approximately forty years, Beowulf kills a mythical serpent however in the battle he, when all is said and done, gets a human injury and kicks the bucket. The sonnet finishes up with the burial service functions to pay tribute to the dead saint. However the sonnet Beowulf is minimal fascinating to contemporary perusers, it is a vital sonnet in the Old English time frame since it gives an intriguing image of the life and practices of past times.

The trouble experienced in perusing Old English Literature lies in the way that the language is altogether different from that of today. There was no rhyme in Old English sonnets. Rather they utilized similar sounding word usage.

Other than Beowulf, there are numerous other Old English sonnets. Widsith, Genesis A, Genesis B, Exodus, The Wanderer, The Seafarer, Wife's Lament, Husband's Message, Christ and Satan, Daniel, Andreas, Guthlac, The Dream of the Rood, The Battle of Maldon and so on are a portion of the models.

Two significant figures in Old English verse are Cynewulf and Caedmon. Cynewulf composed strict sonnets and the four sonnets, Juliana, The Fates of the Apostles, Christ and Elene are constantly credited with him. Caedmon is well known for his Hymn.

Alfred improved Old English writing with his interpretations particularly Bede's Ecclesiastical History. Aelfric is another significant exposition author during Old English period. He is well known for his Grammar, Homilies, and Lives of the Saints. Aelfric's exposition is regular and simple and is all the time alliterative.

For accommodation of conversation, students of history isolated the coherence of English Literature into sections of time that are classified "period". The specific number , dates and name of this period s very , however the rundown underneath adjusts to inescapable practice. This rundown is trailed by a short remark on every period in sequential request.

450 - 1066 ------ Old English Literature

1066 - 1500 ------------ Middle English Period

1500 - 1660 ---------- The Renaissance

1558-1603 --- Elizabethan Age
1603 - 1625 --- Jacobean Age
1625 - 1649 --- Caroline Age
1649 - 1660 ---- Commonwealth Period

1660 - 1785 --------- Neo-Classical Period

1660-1700 - The Restoration

1700 - 1745 --The Augustan Age

1745 - 1785 --The Age of Sensibility(Age of Johnson)

1785 - 1832 The Romantic Period

1832 - 1901 The Victorian Period

1848-1860 ---- The Pre- Raphaelities

1880-1901 ------Aestheticism and Decadance

1901 - 1914 The Edwarlan Period

1914 - 1936 The Georgian Period

1914 The Modern Period

1945 The Post Modern Period

Middle English Perod (1066 - 1500)

The Middle English Period was set apart by critical changes in the English language. In view of the Norman Conquest and the conditions a while later and the way that the language started changing during the Old English time frame, Middle English had changes in its syntax and its jargon. Thus, the progressions in sentence structure changed the English language from a "exceptionally curved language to a very logical one, and those in jargon, "included the passing of an enormous piece of the Old English word-stock and the expansion of thousands of words from French and Latin," state Albert C. Baugh and Thomas Cable in their content, A History of the English Language.

Linguistic change in Middle English

The contrast between Old and Middle English is principal because of the progressions that occurred in punctuation. Early English was a language that contained a lot of variety in word endings; Modern English has barely any. What's more, it is during the Middle English time frame that we see the possible vanishing of the greater part of the prior intonations, and the expanding dependence on elective methods for articulation, utilizing word request and prepositional developments as opposed to word endings to communicate meaning connections.

All spaces of language were influenced. Among the new sorts of development were the reformist types of the action word (as in I am going) and the scope of helper action words (I have seen, I didn't go, and so forth) The infinitive type of an action word begins to be set apart by the utilization of a molecule (to go, to bounce). Another type of communicating connections, for example, ownership showed up, utilizing of (as in the pages of a book). A few new pronouns showed up through the impact of Old Norse.

Different spaces of language were additionally influenced. The articulation framework went through huge change. A few consonants and vowels modified their qualities, and new contrastive units of sound ('phonemes') arose. Specifically, the qualification between the/f/and/v/consonants started to separate words (for example misery versus lament), as did that between/s/and/z/(for example seal versus energy). The ng sound toward the finish of a word additionally became contrastive (in Old English the g had consistently been sounded), so we currently discover such matches as wrongdoing versus sing. Also, at the finish of the period, throughout the entire the vowels went through a progression of changes. The manner in which sounds were spelled adjusted, as French recorders presented their own spelling shows, for example, ou for u (house), gh for h (night) and ch for c (church).

The Renaissance

Q. What is the main difference between Old English and Middle English?

Ans. Early English was the language verbally expressed during the fifth to mid-twelfth century; Middle English was spoken during the mid-eleventh to the late fifteenth century. Every one of the letters was articulated in the language and there was no quiet; in the late Middle English during Chaucer's time, quiet words had begun being noticed.

Elizabethan Age

2021-07-27T21:41:00.001+05:30

Elizabethan Age(1558-1603)

The Elizabethan Age is the time-frame related with the rule of Queen Elizabeth I (1558–1603) and is regularly viewed as a brilliant age in English history. It's anything but an age viewed as the tallness of the English Renaissance, and saw the full blossoming of English writing and English verse. In Elizabethan theater, William Shakespeare, among others, formed and organized plays in an assortment of settings that split away from England's past style of plays. It's anything but a period of development and investigation abroad, while at home the Protestant Reformation was set up and effectively guarded against the Catholic forces of the Continent.

Historical Background:In 1453 the fall of Constantinople begins Renaissance in Italy. And Queen Elizabeth - 1 became the Queen of Elizabeth. The foundation of the Elizabethan Socio-political life incorporates two incredible developments—

"The Reformation" and "the Renaissance"

The Reformation: The Reformation development started finished before the Renaissance. It started during the rule of Henry VIII, the dad of Queen Elizabeth I and the lord of England. His reign finished in 1647. Truth be told, the whole period was a time of strict development in the English Religion-political life. The public spotlight was on the freedom of the Church of England from the authority of the Roman church. This freedom development is known as the Reformation. This is otherwise called the Protestant Revolution since it could build up the Reformation Church or Protestant Church, making a total break with Roman Church. This development was incredibly impacted by a German chief—Martin Luther and spread all over Europe, prompting the foundation of the Protestant Church.

Renaissance():

In England, the Reformation development and the Renaissance met up. The Reformation affected Renaissance writing. Truth be told, the scholarly and social history of the Renaissance won't be perceived without a reference to the Reformation and its effect on it. We may in this association allude to such creators as Marlowe, Spenser, and Shakespeare even to Milton. Milton alone addresses the Puritan job and its advantage throughout the entire existence of strict development against the Church of Rome. Indeed, Protestantism is an others conscious translation of the Catholic religion. It's anything but an advanced demeanor to the Christian religion. There is another significant occasion to note is the interpretation of the Bible—The Old Testament and The New Testament and its distribution in 1611. This rendition is known as the approved form of King James. In such a manner, 43 researchers were selected by the ruler. The office was along these lines made for the Bible to be perused by all classes of individuals and by the authors of various parts of writing. Various journalists made a reference to the Bible. At the end of the day, in the social restoration of the Renaissance, the Bible added an uncommon measurement. Along these lines, the approved adaptation of the Bible added to the public existence of the Renaissance and the Reformation of Europe. For a model, we can say the profound clash in Doctor Faustus' spirit was generally a contention in the spirit of Renaissance England. This was delivered by the powers of Renaissance and Reformation meeting up.

During the Elizabethan time, the Renaissance had made a monstrous commitment to craftsmanship, culture, and writing. Renaissance was a recovery in the investigation of Greek which brought light into numerous dull spots of the insight. The new energy for old-style learning in itself turned into a rich and commendable eagerness. In all parts of writing, Greek and Latin thoughts started to constrain themselves upon English. The new sentimentalism of the Elizabethan age is for the distant, the magnificent, and the wonderful. This is the reason the Elizabethan age is the first and most prominent heartfelt age. There was an undertaking in the scholarly field. It was the fervent young people of English writing and the accomplishment was deserving of it.

In Drama, there have been gigantic advancement. There showed up hosts of producers including Shakespeare. Notwithstanding some early troubles, the dramatization arrived at its peak in the hand of Shakespeare. Albeit the poetical creation was not exactly equivalent to the emotional, it was by and by of the extraordinary and unique excellence and exposition interestingly likewise increases to a place of top-notch significance. The Latin practice died and English writing procured a custom and a widespread application. There was a minor component of the age and it was the vanishing of Scottish writing which was brief however exceptional in the past age.

It is to be noticed that Elizabethan writing was brought into the world affected by Renaissance or humanism. The Elizabethan age is known as the first and most prominent age in English writing, the heartfelt mission of this age is for the distant, the brilliant, and the excellent. Love for excellence, erotic nature, creative mind, and so on establishes the heartfelt temper of the Elizabethan time frame. Consequently, the Elizabethan period is properly called the primary heartfelt age in English writing. In the Elizabethan age, England tested the cutting edge and antiquated scholars in different fields of writing – dramatization, epic, peaceful, verse, sentiment, purposeful anecdote, history, and theory. Maybe the entire country turned into a home of birds. Accordingly, there burst out the springtime of English writing. A large group of scholars with Shakespeare on their top returned and pushed the early English writing to the primary spot in the European Literature.

Characteristics :

The Elizabethan Age was described by a recharged soul of experience and disclosure and a restored thoughtfulness regarding more established wellsprings of information. In writing, the Petrarchan poem was imported and adjusted by Shakespeare (making what is presently called the Elizabethan piece), and the class of drama was conceived.

Humanism (Importance of Man & Individual)
Desire of Scientific Spirit
Interest in Classic/classicism
Exploration

Literature:

Elizabethan writing, group of works composed during the rule of Elizabeth I of England (1558–1603), likely the most unbelievable age throughout the entire existence of English writing, during which such authors as Sir Philip Sidney, Edmund Spenser, Roger Ascham, Richard Hooker, Christopher Marlowe, and William Shakespeare prospered. The designation Elizabethan is simply a sequential reference and doesn't depict any extraordinary attribute of the composition.

The Elizabethan age saw the blossoming of verse (the piece, the Spenserian refrain, emotional clear section), was a brilliant time of the show (particularly for the plays of Shakespeare), and motivated a wide assortment of mind blowing writing (from authentic accounts, forms of the Holy Scriptures, flyers, and scholarly analysis to the primary English books). From about the start of the seventeenth century an abrupt obscuring of tone became observable in many types of abstract articulation, particularly in dramatization, and the change pretty much harmonized with the passing of Elizabeth. English writing from 1603 to 1625 is appropriately called Jacobean, after the new ruler, James I. In any case, to the extent that sixteenth century subjects and examples were continued into the seventeenth century, the composition from the previous piece of his rule, in any event, is now and again alluded to by the blend "Jacobethan."

Elizabethan Periods Literature basically decided by 3 category.

Poets:a) Sonneteers

b) Metaphysical Poet

Dramatists: a. Pre- Shakespearean

b. Shakespeare & his contemporaries.

Essayists

Poets/Sonneters:

Sir Thomas Wyatt(1503-1542)
Hanry Howard, Earl of Surrey(1516-1547)[They are know as Wyatt & surrey]
Edmund Spenser
Sir Philip Sidney(1554)
Michael Drayton(1563-1631)
Samuel Daniel
Phineas Fletcher(1582- 1650)
Giles Fletcher.
John Donne(1572 -1631)

Augustan Period

2021-07-21T11:46:00.001+05:30

Augustan Period

Augustan was satire

The Augustan age in English literature remarkable for its satire verses According to Dr. Johnson, “Satire is a poem in which wickedness of folly is censored”. The first triumphs of satire were political particularly in Samuel Butler’s Hudibras and Dryden’s Absalom an Achidophel , Mac Flecknoe and The Medall.

But whereas Butler is a stimulating curicity, Dryden is a great satirist in English. Dryden’s first satire Absalomn and Achetophel was called forth by a political emergency .The whigs headed by the Eart of Shaftesbury agitated to exclude Charles ll’s heir and brother James from succession to the throne , they supported the claims of Monmouth. Dryden, the poet laureate was trying to sway openion against Shaftesbury. Dryden’s second satire The Medall was included by a commemorative medal struck in honour of Shaftesbury’s acquittal. Here Dryden attacks Shaftesbury once again and maintains that only a rightful monarch , holly independent of popular sentiment car subdue faction and maintains a peaceful country. And this prompted Dryden to write. The finest of his shorter satirical poems. Mac Flecknoe , in which Shadwell is treated with humorous contempt.

The true successor Dryden in the line of satirical verse was Alexander Pop. His first satirical model was Boileau’s Le- Lutrin. Pope’s masterpiece The Rape of the Lock deals with a trivial matter with grand, epic style: Lord Peter’s cutting of a lock from Miss Arabella Farmer’s hair. Whereas Dryden followed the example of Juvenal, Pope found his true exemplar in Horace who was much giver to poetic autobiography. In The Imitation of Horace we find Pope proctising the same art. An Epistle to Dr Arburthnot (1735), the best of Pope’s portrays himself as a model of moderation and genteel decorum, intent upon high standards for the realm of art.

The greatest, the most tremendous of Pope’s satire is certainly The Dunciad. The Dunciad is a collection of episodes each one of which is a self-contained unit and deals brilliantly with literary dullness and pedantry in connection with specific writers guilty of these vices. The poem concludes with a picture of the triumph of dullness:

“Thy hand great Anarch: lets the curtain fall

And universal darkness buries all”.

It is a venomous poem that revetels “The wasp of Jwickenhan” at his malicious best.

Tudor Period

2021-07-21T00:38:00.003+05:30

Tudor Period(1485-1603)

The Tudor time frame happened somewhere in the range of 1485 and 1603 in England and Wales and incorporates the Elizabethan time frame during the rule of Elizabeth I until 1603. The Tudor time frame concurs with the tradition of the House of Tudor in England whose first ruler was Henry VII (b.1457, r.1485–1509). History specialist John Guy (1988) contended that "Britain was financially better, more extensive, and more hopeful under the Tudors" than whenever since the Roman occupation.

The five sovereigns (six if Lady Jane Gray is incorporated) of the Tudor administration are among the most notable figures in Royal history. Of Welsh beginning, Henry VII prevailed with regards to finishing the Wars of the Roses between the places of Lancaster and York to establish the exceptionally fruitful Tudor house. Henry VII, his child Henry VIII and his three kids Edward VI, Mary I, and Elizabeth I governed for 118 significant years.

During this period, England formed into one of the main European pioneer powers, with men, for example, Sir Walter Raleigh participating in the victory of the New World. Closer to home, crusades in Ireland brought the country under exacting English control.

Socially and socially, the Tudor time frame saw numerous changes. The Tudor court had a conspicuous impact in the social Renaissance occurring in Europe, sustaining all-around people like William Shakespeare, Edmund Spenser, and Cardinal Wolsey.

The Tudor time frame likewise saw the disturbance of three changes of true religion, bringing about the affliction of numerous honest adherents of both Protestantism and Roman Catholicism. The dread of Roman Catholicism instigated by the Reformation was to keep going for a few centuries and to assume a powerful part throughout the entire existence of the Succession.

**tudor time period

22 August 1485 – 24 March 1603

History of English Poetry

2021-07-20T13:32:00.012+05:30

History of English Poetry

The earliest English poetry:

Anglo-Saxon Poetry:

Beowulf

Beowulf, The epic of Beowulf, the most precious relic of old English, and, instead, of all early Germanic literature, has come down to us in a single ms ., written about a .d. 1000, which contains ALSO THE OLD ENGLISH POEM OF JUDITH, AND IS BOUND UP, WITH OTHER MSS. IN VOLUME IN THE COTTONIAN COLLECTION NOW at the British museum .the subject of theorem is the exploit s of Beowulf , son of ecgthew and nan nephew of hygelac ,ig of the “gates , ” i.e. the people, called in Scandinavian records gauter, from whom a part of southern Sweden has received its present name Gotland.

Anglo-Saxon Poetry

The Story

The following is a brief outline of the story, which naturally divides itself into five parts.
1. Beowulf, with fourteen companion,ns, sails to Denmark, to offer his help to Hrothgar, king of the Danes, whose hall (called “Heorot”) has for twelve years been rendered uninhabitable by the reverses of a devouring monster (apparently in gigantic human shape) called Grendel, a dwellers in the waste, who used nightly to force an entrance and slaughter some of the inmates. Beowulf and his friends are feasted in the long-designed Heoraot. At night the Daneswithdraw, leaving the strangers alone. When all but Beowulf are asleep, Grendal enters, the iron-barred doors having yielded in a moment to his hand. One of Beowulf are friends is killed; but Beowulf, unarmed, wrestles with the monster, and tears his arm from the shoulder. Grendel, though mortality wounded, breaks from the conqueror’s grasp, and escape from the hall. On the morthe row, his bloodstained track is followed until it ends in a distant mere.
2. All fear being now removed, the Danish king and his followers pass the night in Herriot, Beowulf and his comrades being lodged elsewhere. The hall is invaded by Grendel’s mother. Who kills carries off one of the Danish nobles. Beowulf proceeds to the mere, and, armed with sword and corslet, plunges into the water. In the vault he finds the corpse of Grendel; he cuts off the head and brings it back in triumph.
3. Richly rewarded by Heogther, Beowulf returns to his native land. He is welcomed by Hygelac, and relates to him the story of his adventures, with some details not contained in the former narrative. The king bestows on him lands and honors, and during the regions of Hygelac and his son Heardred he is the greatest man in the kingdom. When Heardred is killed in battle with the Swedes, Beowulf becomes king in his stead.
4. After Beowulf has reigned prosperously for fifty years, his country is ravaged by a fiery dragon, which inhabits an ancient burial-mound, full of costly treasure. The royal hall itself is burned to the ground. The aged king resolves to fight, unaided, with the dragon. Accompanied by eleven chosen warriors, he journeys to the borrow. Bidding his companions retire to a distance, he takes up his position near the entrance to the mound – an arched opening whence issues a boiling stream.
The dragon hears Beowulf 's shout of defiance, and rushes forth, breathing flames. The fight begins; Beowulf is all but overpowered, and the sight is so terrible that his men, all but one, seek safety in flight.
The young Wiglaf, son of Weohstan, though yet untried in battle, cannot, even in obedience to his lord’s prohibition, refrain from going to his help. With Wiglaf’s aid, Beowulf slays the Dragon, but not before he has received his own death-wound. Wiglaf enters the barrow and returns to show the dying king the treasures that he has found there. With his last breath , Beowulf names Wiglaf his successor, and ordains that his ashes shall be enshrined in a great mound, placed on a lofty cliff, so that it may be a mark for sailors for out at sea.
5. The news Beowulf’s dear-bought victory is carried to the army. Amid great lamentation, the hero’s body is laid on the funeral pile and consumed. The treasures of the dragons heard are buried with his ashes; and when the great mound is finished, twelve of Beowulf’s most famous warriors ride around it, celebrating the praises of the bravest, gentlest and most generous of kings.

Anglo-Saxon English Poetry
The Hero

The Hero, - Those portions of the poem that are summarized above – that is to say, those which relate the carrier of the heroin progressive order – contain a lucid and well- constructed story, told with a vividness f imagination and a degree of narrative skill that may with little exaggeration be called Homeric.

And yet it is probable that there are few readers of Beowulf who have not left – and there are many who after repeated perusal continue to feel – that the general impression produced by it is that of bewildering chaos. The effect is due to the multitude and the character of the episode. In the first place, a very great part of what the poem tells about Beowulf himself is not presented in regular sequence, but by way of retrospective mention or narration. The extent of the material thus introduced out of course may be seen from the following abstract.

When seven years old the orphaned Beowulf was adopted by his grandfather king Hrethel, the father of Hygelac, and was regarded by him with as much affection as any of his own sons. In youth, although famed for his wonderful strength of grip, he was generally dispised as sluggish and unwarlike. Yet even before his encounter with Grendel, he had won renown by his swimming contest with another youth named Breca, when after battling for seven days and nights with the waves and slaying many sea-monsters, he came to land in the country of the Finns. In the disastrous invasion of the land of the Hetware, in which Hygelac was killed, Beowulf killed many of the enemies, amongst them a chieftain of the Hugas, named daghrefn, apparently the slayer of Hygelac. In the retreat he once more displayed his powers as a swimmer, carrying to his ship the armor of thirty slain enemies. When he reached his native land, the widowed queen offered him the kingdom, her son Heardred being too young to rule? Beowulf, out of loyalty, refused to be made king, and acted as the guardian of Heardred during his minority, and as his counselor after he came to man’s estate. By giving shelter to the fugitive Eadgils, a rebel against his uncle the king of the “Swain”(the Swedes, dwelling to the north of the Gauter), Hearderd brought on himself an invention, in which he lost his life. When Beowulf became king, he supported the cause of Eadgils by force of arms; the king of the Swedes was killed, and his nephew placed on the throne.

Historical Value

Now, with one brilliant exception – the story of the swimming-match, which is felicitously introduced and finely told – these retrospective passages are bought in more or less awkwardly, interrupt inconveniently the course of the narrative, and are too condensed and allusive and allusive in style to make any strong poetic impression. Still, they do serve to complete the portraiture of the hero’s character. There are, however, many other episodes that have nothing to do with Beowulf himself but seem to have been inserted with a deliberate intention of making the poem into a sort of cyclopedia of Germanic tradition. They include many particular of what purports to be the history of the royal houses, not only of the Gauter and the Danes but also of the Swedes, the continental Angels, the Ostrogoths, the Frisians, and the Heatobeards, besides references to matters of the unlocalized heroic story such as the exploits of Sigismund. The Saxons are not named, and Franks appears only as a dreaded hostile power. Of Britain there is no mention; and though there are some distinctly Christian passages, they are so incongruous in tone with the rest of the poem that they must be regarded as interpolations. In general, the extraneous episodes have no great appropriateness of their context and have the appearance of being abridged versions of stories that had been related at length in poetry. Their confusing effect, for modern readers, is increased by a curiously irrelevant prologue. It begins by celebrating the ancient glories of the Danes, tells in allusive style the story of Scyld, the founder of the “Scylding” dynasty of Denmark, and praises the virtues of his son Beowulf. In this Danish Beowulf had been the hero of the Poem, the opening would have been appropriate, but it seems strangely out of place as an introduction to the story of his namesake.

However detrimental these redundancies may be to the poetic beauty of the epic, they add enormously to its interest for students of Germanic history of the legend. If the mass of traditions which it purports to the early history of the peoples of northern Germany and Scandinavia. Bat the value to be assigned to Beowulf in this respect can be determined only by ascertaining its probable date, origin and manner of composition. The criticism of the Old English epic has therefore for nearly a century been justify regarded as indispensable to the investigation of Germanic antiquities.

The beginning stage of all Beowulf analysis is the reality (found by N. F. S. Grundtvig in 1815) that one of the scenes of the lyric has a place with bona fide history. Geology of Visits, who passed on in 594, relates that in the rule too Theodoric of Metz (511-534) the Danes attacked the kingdom, and carted away numerous prisoners and much loot to their boats. There lord, whose name shows up in the best MSS, as Chlochilaicus (different duplicates read Chlochilaicus, Hrodolaicus, &c.), stayed on shore planning to pursue a while later, yet was assaulted by the Franks under Theodobert, child of Theodoric, and executed. The Franks at that point crushed the Danes in a maritime fight and recuperated the goods. The date of these occasions is esertained to have been somewhere in the range of 512 and 520.A mysterious history composed right off the bat in the eighth century (Liber Hist. Francorum, cap.19) gives the name of the Danish ruler as Chochilaicus and says that we was killed in the place that is known for the Attoarii. Presently it is connected in Beowulf that Hygelac met his demise in the battle against the Franks and the Hetware (the early English type of Attoarii). The types of the Danish lord's name given by the Frankish students of history are debasements of the name of which the crude Germanic from was Hugilaikaz, and which by standard phonetic change moved toward becoming in Old English Hygelac, and in Old Norse Hugleikr. The facts demonstrate that the attacking ruler is said in the chronicles to have been a Dane, while the Hygelac of Beowulf had a place with the "Geatas" or gauter. Be that as it may, a work called Liber Monstrorum, protected in two MSS. Of the tenth century, refers to for instance of unprecedented stature a certain "Huiglaucus" lord of the Doors," who was slaughtered by the Franks, and whose bones were saved on an island at the mouth of the Rhine, and displayed as a wonder. It is along these lines clear that the character of Hygelac, and the undertaking where, as per Beowulf, he kicked the bucket, have a place not with the district of legend or lovely development, however to that of notable actuality.

This imperative outcome recommends the likelihood that what the sonnet recounts Hygelac's close to relatives, and of the occasions of his rule and that of his successor, depends on the notable certainty. There is actually nothing to restrict the supposition; nor is there any impossibility in the view that the people referenced as having a place with the regal places of the Danes and Swedes had genuine presences. It tends to be demonstrated, at any rate, that few of the names are 1 imprinted in Berger dexivrey, Conventions Teratologiques (1836), from an MS. In private hands. Another MS., presently at Wolfenbittel, peruses "Huiglaucus" for Huiglaucus, and (ungrammatically) "gentes" for Getis.derived from the local convention of these two people groups. The Danish lord Hrothgar and his sibling Halga, the children of Healfdene, show up in the Historia Danica of Saxo as Roe (the originator of Roskilde) and Helgo, the children of Haldanus. The Swedish privence Eadgils, child of Ohthere, and Oneal, who is mentioned in Beowulf, are in the Icelandic Heimskrigla called Adil's child of ottarr, and Ali; the correspondence of the names, as indicated by the phonetic laws of Early English and Old Norse, being carefully typical. There are different purposes of contact between Beowulf from one perspective and the Scandinavian records on the other, affirming the end that the Early English Ballad contains a significant part of the verifiable custom of the Gauter, the Danes and the Swedes, in its most perfect open structure.

Of the saint of the lyric no notice has been found somewhere else. In any case, the name (the Icelandic type of which is Bjolfr) is really Scandinavian. It was borne by one of the 'early settlers in Iceland, and a priest named Beowulf is remembered in the Liber Vitae of the congregation of Durham. As the verifiable character of Hygelac has been demonstrated, it isn't preposterous to acknowledge the authority of the ballad for three sonnets for the explanation that his nephew Beowulf succeeded Heardred on the position of authority of the Gauter, and meddled in the dynastic squabbles of the Swedes. His swimming endeavors among the Hetware, remittance being made for beautiful distortion, fits astoundingly well into the conditions of the account of the story told by Gregory of Visits; and regardless of whether it was initially related of some other.

Middle Ages:
Anglo-Saxon Chronicle

1.Q. What is Anglo – Saxon Chronicle? Briefly dwell on its importance.

The Anglo-Saxon chronicle is a chronological record of events in England from the beginning of the Christian era to the middle of the twelfth century It was compiled at different monasteries, and there are seven manuscripts Available. The first history of any branch of Teutonic people, it contains chiefly entries of events which each year impressed the clerical recorder as very Important in the history of the nation. The work remains the phantasmagorical document of those times. Among the brief, dry notices of the earlier part, the tragic narrative Cynewulf and Cyneheart stand out conspicuously. The systematic plan of Registering national events in the people is ascribed to king Alfred. He has himself given vivid accounts of the struggle with the Danes in 890’s. Beside its value as a historical and social document of the time.The Chronicle also has literary and linguistic significance. Though its literary merit Is unequal due to the involvement of several hands in the composition, it is The greatest prose-work of the Anglo-Saxon period, and the best known. It Affords a complete illustration in itself of the development of the Old English Prose, and also contains the heroic poem The Battle of Brandenburg. So,itch Distinction is equal to that of Beowulf. Moreover, changes in the orthography Of the English language are exemplified in the Chronicle: the late Old English Of the tenth century almost changes to Middle English before the narrative Comes to an end.

Q.Who was the inspiration and mainstay of the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle? Which famous poems are found in it?

Ans: king Alfred was the inspiration and mainstay of the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, the first historical record of important national events. It also includeSome famous poems like The Battle of Brandenburg.

Q.3. When was the battle of Brunanburh fought, and the poem on It composed? What was its theme?
The historical battle of Brandenburg took place in the year 937, and The 73-line poem celebrating the victory of the West Saxon dynasty was Composed in the same year. It deals with heroic triumph of King Athelstan And his very young brother Edmund over the combined invading forces of King Constantine III of Scotland, King Owen of Stratchcyde, and Olaf of Dublin, leader of the Norsemen of eastern Ireland.

Write a note on the elegiac elements in Old English Poetry

Both the apical and non-apical Pagan poetry has some features in common. An elegiac note runs through all the poems. Beowulf is a heroic poem celebrating the heroic exploits of a great warrior -----his victories over Grendel, Grendel’s mother and the fire-spitting dragon. But sadness pervades the poem. It is evident in the moment of fierce battles and of Beowulf’s victory as in the episode of the origin of the treasure which was hid under the earth by the last survivor of a royal family just before his death and ultimately came with the possession of the five –spitting dragon.

The personal poetry or lyrics like The Ruined Burg Doer’s Lament, The Sea Fearer, the wife’s complaint are laments. The Ruined Burg is a complaint written on the ruin of town. It is raises of monotonous; aments. The Wife’s Complaint is the lamentation of a women who has been banished by her lover. In the Husband’s Message, we find a lover sending message of his love by carving songs upon a piece of wood. The Wonderer is a sonfg of friendship and contains a philosophical note at the end. The Seafarer is the most original and beautiful of these poems. This poem is modern in sentiment and it glorifies romance and adventure. Widsith is probably the oldest Anglo-Saxon poem. It depicts the adventures of an unknown traveler who has visited many courts and desired them In Doer’s Lament the poet speaks of a man who has been suddenly thrown out of employment by his masters. He is a minstrel and so he gives expression to his sorrowful feelings in beautiful language.

Give an estimate of Chaucer Genius

Chaucer represents, as no other author does, the Middle Ages. He remains in much a similar connection to the life of his time as Pope does to the previous periods of the eighteenth century and Johnson to the Victorian Era and his place in English writing is considerably more significant than theirs, for he is the principal extraordinary English author - the main man to utilized "knocked words" in English, the first to make English a composite language, a thing reduced and indispensable.

Chaucer benefited by his French and Italian excursions to consider the more yearning ways mainland verse. Chaucer might be divided into three phases - The French, the Italian, and The English of which the latter is the advancement of the initial two.

The sonnets of the prior or the French gathering are firmly demonstrated upon French firsts and the style is ungainly and youthful. Of such sonnets, the longest The Remount of the Rose, a lengthy figurative sonnet written in Octosyllabic couplets and dependent on La Remount de la Rose. Different sonnets of this period incorporate The Book of the Doutches, The objection unto pity , etc. La Romaunt de la Rose exemplified the greater part of the characteristics of the French legend artists of the twelfth and thirteenth hundreds of years. It came to be viewed as a writer's standard and filled in as a model and motivation to the artists of the fourteenth and fifteenth hundreds of years. English writers, in a steady progression very likely to praise the marriage of Richard ll to Anne of Bohemia. Like The Book of the Duchesses it utilizes the fantasy shows

Troilus and Criseyde is held to be Chaucer's best story work. It is without a moment's delay Chaucer's longest finished sonnet and his most noteworthy creative accomplishment. It triumphantly shows the full virtuoso of Chaucer as a metrical specialist, as a narrator and as an understudy of human character. It relate the terrible romantic tale from the Troilus, the gay youthful knight stop Criseyde, a youthful and lovely widow, whose father Calchas has abandoned Troy and Gove over to the Greek sight, until she demonstrates untrustworthy to him, and passing stops his anguish. The book is inferred inconsistent in three books. Troilus and Criseyde Shows an eminent development in Chaucer's account force and Characterization. The back and forth movement of Criseyde's inclination from the time Pandarus first visits her to her last yielding are depicted with a mental authenticity which we don't discover again in English Literature till we go to Richardson's Clarissa. However it is Pandarus, Criseyde's uncle who is maybe the work of art of the sonnet. In him Chaucer draws an older comedian whom we may contrast and Shakespeare's Falstaff.

The legend of good Women is the sonnet of Chaucer's subsequent period. It is gone out of Fame. It was to have comprised of the accounts of twenty woman of history and legend, yet rather than twenty three are just nine, six of which are the tales of Cleopatra, Medea, hucrece, Ariadne, Philomela and Dido of Carthage. The most important piece of The Legend is its preamble which by and by presents the fantasy setting. The Legend of Good Women is the main known endeavor in English to utilize gallant couplet which is none the less took care of with incredible ability and opportunity.

The third or English period contains the work of the greatest individual accomplishment. The achievement of this period is The Canterbury Tales. It is for The Canterbury Tales that Chaucer’s name is best remembered, the unfinished collection of stories told by the Pilgrims on their journey to Canterbury. Chaucer’s quick sure strokes portray the pilgrims at once as types and individuals, true of their age and still more representance of humanity in general. The charactess become very vivid for Chaucer had in corse of his life come into contact with hem all. Chaucer adopts the medieval method of putting a series of tales with one long narrative poem. At Taburd inn the poet meets twenty nine persons who are proceeding to Canterbury on Pilgrimage. The poem is a great social document. In it Chaucer paints with minute exactness the body and soul of the 14^th century English society. Legouis and Coramian rightly say that he is as truly the social chronicler of England in the 14^th century as Froissart is the political and military chronicler of the same period.

Early Renaissance poetry:
What is Sonnet? Write a note on the Elizabethan sonnet's Poet.

The term ‘sonnet’ is derived from the Italian word Sanata. Its synonymous word is “Sonetto”, diminutive of souno(meaning sound). A poem of fourteen lines arranged in a more or less definite rhyme- scheme, and written in the prevailing meter of the language, which in English is the disyllabic or five-foot line. Petrarch, the Italian poet was the first to write sonnets on his unrequited love for Laura. The sonnet was first introduced into English Literature from Wyatt and Surrey in the age of Henry VIII. Wyatt wrote thirty-one sonnets in the strictly Perchance form. This orthodox sonnet was divided into two parts ----Octave (the first eight lines) and Sestet (The last six lines). There is a clearly marked pause in the idea after the eight line. The rhyme-scheme may be represented by abab,abba, in the octave and cde or cdcdcd in the sestet. The Elizabethans were not very strict in the observation of these rules. The English form of the sonnet was made up of three stanzas of four lines each rhyming alternately and a concluding couplet. The rhyme-scheme varied. Three most outstanding songsters of the Elizabethan age were different in both in themes and rhyme-scheme.

Sir Thomas Wyatt

Sir Thomas Wyatt is the father of the English sonnet. He wanted to enrich and reinvigorate English poetry by imitating Petrach. Altogether he wrote 31 sonnets of which the first 19 are rather stiff, clumsy and lacked in the smoothness and grace of Wyatt’s pure lyrics. But Wyatt followed Petrarchan in matter not in meter and he mainly wrote ten-syllabic pentameter which is the most important of English meters . Wyatt also introduced the closing couplet in the sonnet. In his latter sonnets Wyatt wrote more freely and touched on politics and real events of life.

Earl of Surrey:

Wyatt’s immediate successor, Henry Howard Earl of surrey, handled the sonnet from with greater confidence and success. Some of his famous sonnets are the soothe seasons that bud and bloom forth brings, Love that doth Raina and Farewell love. In the second mentioned sonnet, he used for the first time the rhyme-scheme abab,cdcd, efef, gg which was to be known as Shakespearean scheme

The Elizabethans:
Elizabethan composing suggests assortments of work made during the standard of Queen Elizabeth I (1558–1603). In stanza is depicted by different intermittently covering upgrades. The show and change of themes, models, and refrain structures from other European practices and old-style composing, the Elizabethan tune custom, the ascent of a refined stanza oftentimes spun around the figure of the ruler and the advancement of a segment based show is among the most huge of these developments.
Great Elizabethans
- William Shakespeare
- Francis Bacon
- Edmund Spenser
- Sir Philip Sidney
- Thomas Kyd
- Christopher Marlowe
- Thomas North
- Walter Raleigh
- Francis Walsingham
- Sir Robert Bell
- William Cecil, First Baron Burghley
- John Dee
- John Dowland
- Francis Drake
- Humphrey Gilbert
- Mary Sidney
- Richard Grenville
- Ben Jonson

BEDE(673-735) (CAEDMON GROUP)

The venerable Bede, as he is generally called, our first great scholar and “the father of our English learning”, who wrote almost exclusively in Latin. The most important work of Bede was --- Ecclesiastical History of the English People. In the Ecclesiastical History, Bede tells us how Caedmon suddenly and miraculously received the gift of song and ‘at once began to sing in praise of God’ – verses he had never heard before. Bede quotes in length, displaying to a remarkable degree the qualities of repetition and parallel phrasing.

John Milton Biography

2021-07-19T13:09:00.009+05:30

John Milton Biography

Born	9 December 1608 Bread Street, Cheapside, London, England
Died	8 November 1674 (aged 65) Bunhill, London, England
Occupation	· Poet · Intellectual Civil Servant
Spouse	· Mary Powell · Katherine Woodcock · Elizabeth Mynshull
Children	5
Language known	English, Latin, Greek, Hebrew, French, Spanish, Italian, Old English, Dutch, Aramaic, Syriac
Great Works	*Paradise Lost* Areopagitica Lycidas

John Milton was most famous for his Epic poem. Milton was born on 9 december, 1608.Milton was one of the most educated english poet ever. His father was senior John milton and mother was Sarah Jeffery.

Milton was educated at St. Paul's School, Londonand he had also a private tutor named Thomas Young. In school Milton studied many languages like Greek, Latin. He got his BA in 1629 and mA in 1632.

Milton's skin colour is so fair that he was called the "Lady of Christ College" by his friends. Milton used to travel a lot .

David Herbert Lawrence

2021-07-17T21:43:00.005+05:30

D.H. Lawrence

Born	D.H. Lawrence was born in 1885 on 11 September in Eastwood David Herbert Lawrence, Nottinghamshire.
Died	Died March 2, 1930, Vence.
Occupation	Novelist, poet
Nationality	British
Period	1907–1930
Notable works	Short stories: Odour of Chrysanthemums The Virgin and the Gypsy The Rocking-Horse Winner Novels: Sons and Lovers The Rainbow Women in Love John Thomas and Lady Jane Lady Chatterley's Lover

D.H. Lawrence was born in 1885 in Eastwood David Herbert Lawrence, Nottingham shire, the fourth child of Arthur Lawrence and Lydia Beardsall. died March 2, 1930, Vence.

In the wake of going to Beauvale Board School, he won a grant to Nottingham High School. On leaving school in 1901 he was utilized for a brief time frame as a representative at the Nottingham firm of Haywards, makers of careful apparatuses, and from 1902 as a student educator at the British School in Eastwood.

Lawrence's mother died in 1910, soon after confirmations of The White Peacock were distributed. This awful accident in his life is reflected in Sons and Lovers, a self-portraying novel, with the groundbreaking demise of Mrs. Morel. In 1911, after a repeat of pneumonia, Lawrence deserted instructing to zero in the entirety of his experience on composition.

Marriage

In 1912, Lawrence met Frieda Weekley, the little girl of a German noble and the spouse of his previous present-day language educator. The two fell in an affection and not long after, ran off to Germany. Their marriage was not effectively accomplished. While in Germany, pressures started to ascend as the beginning of World War I moved nearer, and he was captured as a British covert agent. It required two years for Frieda's significant other to consent to the separation, and surprisingly then she had to surrender her youngsters as at that point, it was illegal for separated from ladies to have care of their kids. Lawrence composed of their sentiment in a progression of sonnets and many hypothesize his magnum opus, Lady Chatterley's Lover, was propelled by her also since the plot of the novel spotlights on a blue-blood and her relationship with an average man. The couple ventured to the far corners of the planet broadly and the entirety of his movement composing zeroed in on places he chatted with his better half.

Lawrence was a great writer - of poetry, novels, short stories, plays, essays, and criticism. His works are heavily autobiographical.

Lawrence passed on of difficulties from tuberculosis in Vence, France in 1930.

Stanza, Couplet, Heroic couplet/Father of couplet/ types/ Meter/ Rhyme scheme.

2021-07-10T20:38:00.001+05:30

Stanza, Couplet, Heroic couplet

Stanza: A group of lines in a repeated pattern that form a unit in some types of poem.

Types: 1. Chaucerian stanza/ Rhyme royal.

2. Ottava rima. (Sir Thomas Wyatt)it contains 8 lines.

3. Spenserian stanza. (Edmund Spenser) It contains 9 lines but last line is broad.

4. Terza rima ( Italian poet Dante ) it contains 3 lines.

5. Quatrain (it is used especially to write balled). So it also called Balled stanza.

6. Heroic Couplet. (it has paused(,) named Caesura).

Couplet : Two lines of poetry that usually rhyme and are of the same length. Father of couplet.

Heroic Couplet : Heroic Couplet means couplet /lines of iambic pentameter which rhyme in . aa, bb, cc and so on.

Couplet refers to two lines that usually rhyme and follow each other.

Example : Tyger, Tyger burning bright.

In the forest of the night. (William Blake)

2. There is a pause at the end of the second line.

Example: Know then thyself, presume not God to scan;

The proper study of mankind is man.(Alexander Pope).

3. One also notices an antithesis within or between two lines.

1st person to make expensive use of it: Geoffrey Chaucer in 14th century.

This form was perfected by john Dryden and Alexander Pope in the late 17th century and early 18th century.

Iambic Pentameter: a line of verse with five metrical feet, each consisting of one unstressed syllable followed by one stressed syllable. It contains 7 lines.

Alexander Pope

2021-07-06T23:29:00.007+05:30

Alexander Pope

Born

21 May 1688
London England

Died

30 May 1744 (aged 56)
Twickenham, Middlesex, England

Occupation

Poet, writer, translator

Notable works

The Dunciad, The Rape of the Lock, An Essay on Criticism, His translation of Homer

Literary period

Augustan, 18th century

Genre

Poetry, Translations, Literary criticism

Alexander Pope (21 May 1688 – 30 May 1744) is, for the most part, regarded[citation needed] as the best English writer of the mid-eighteenth century, most popular for his humorous section and for his interpretation of Homer. He is the third most habitually cited author in the English language, after Shakespeare and Tennyson.[1] Pope was an expert of the brave couplet.

Early life

Pope was brought into the world in the City of London to Alexander (senior, a cloth shipper) and Edith (conceived Turner) Pope, who were both Roman Catholics. Pope's schooling was influenced by the laws in power at the time maintaining the situation with the setup Church of England, which restricted Catholics from instructing on the agony of unending detainment. Pope was instructed to peruse by his auntie and afterward shipped off two clandestine Catholic schools, at Twyford and at Hyde Park Corner. Catholic schools, while unlawful, were endured in certain spaces.

From youth he endured various medical conditions, including Pott's disease[2] (a type of tuberculosis influencing the spine) which twisted his body and hindered his development, almost certainly assisting with taking his life at the somewhat youthful age of 56. He never developed past 1.37 meters (4 feet 6 inches) tall. In spite of the fact that he never wedded, he had numerous ladies companions and thought of them clever letters.

In 1700, his family had to move to a little bequest in Binfield, Berkshire because of the solid enemy of Catholic conclusion and a rule keeping Catholics from living inside 10 miles of one or the other London or Westminster. Pope would later portray the field around the house in his sonnet Windsor Forest.

With his conventional instruction now at an end, Pope set out on a broad mission of perusing. As he later recollected: "In a couple of years I had plunged into an extraordinary number of the English, French, Italian, Latin, and Greek writers. This I managed with no plan except for that of satisfying myself, and got the dialects by chasing after the stories...rather than read the books to get the dialects." His #1 writer was Homer, whom he had first perused matured eight in the English interpretation of John Ogilby. Pope was at that point composing section: he guaranteed he thought of one sonnet, Ode to Solitude, at twelve years old.

At Binfield, he additionally started to make numerous significant companions. One of them, John Caryll (the future dedicatee of The Rape of the Lock), was twenty years more established than the writer and had made numerous associates in the London artistic world. He acquainted the youthful Pope with the maturing dramatist William Wycherley and to William Walsh, a minor artist, who assisted Pope with reexamining his first significant work, The Pastorals. He likewise met the Blount sisters, Martha and Teresa, who might stay long lasting companions.

meters (4 feet 6 inches) tall. In spite of the fact that he never wedded, he had numerous ladies companions and thought of them clever letters.

In 1se met the Blount sisters, Martha and Teresa, who might stay long lasting companions.

Famous works

Alexander Pope (1711)

The Iliad of Homer (1715 to 1720)

Eloisa to Abelard (1717)

The Odyssey of Homer (1725)

The Dunciad (1728 to 1743)

Moral Essays (1731 to 1735)

An Essay on Man (1733 to 1734)

Imitations of Horace (1733 to 1738)

Poetry analysis: A Sunset of the City, by Gwendolyn Brooks

ASTIKA WEBTECH November 07, 2020

Paper - Vlll

A Sunset of the city

by Gwendolyn Brooks

Already I am no longer looked at with lechery or love.
My daughters and sons have put me away with marbles and dolls,
Are gone from the house.
My husband and lovers are pleasant or somewhat polite
And night is night.

It is a real chill out,
The genuine thing.
I am not deceived, I do not think it is still summer
Because sun stays and birds continue to sing.

It is summer-gone that I see, it is summer-gone.
The sweet flowers indrying and dying down,
The grasses forgetting their blaze and consenting to brown.

It is a real chill out. The fall crisp comes
I am aware there is winter to heed.
There is no warm house
That is fitted with my need.

I am cold in this cold house this house
Whose washed echoes are tremulous down lost halls.
I am a woman, and dusty, standing among new affairs.
I am a woman who hurries through her prayers.

Tin intimations of a quiet core to be my
Desert and my dear relief
Come: there shall be such islanding from grief,
And small communion with the master shore.
Twang they. And I incline this ear to tin,
Consult a dual dilemma. Whether to dry
In humming pallor or to leap and die.

Somebody muffed it?? Somebody wanted to joke.

Poetry analysis: A Sunset of the City, by Gwendolyn Brooks

“Sunset of the City” by Gwendolyn Brooks is a symbolic poem that characterizes a woman who is in the Sunset of her life. The poem is reflective of the woman’s life as well as heavy with the realization that she is in the final stage of her life on Earth.

The title of the poem is symbolic of the speaker’s life. The word “sunset” symbolizes the end of the day. The end of the day symbolizes rest after a long day of work. The woman’s life has been spent and it is symbolic that her work on Earth is nearing the end. The word “city” is symbolic of activity, energy, and spirit. With the choice of the word “city” in the title, Brooks creates the image of someone who had a lively and passionate lifetime, by this final stage of life is not nearly as active and robust as it was.

In the opening line, the woman admits she is “no longer looked at with lechery or love”. This line reflects that the woman was physically desirable in her youth, but the season of her life for being desired and loved has passed. Time and age has taken away her beauty and her desirability to be in her presence.

In the line that follows Brooks writes “my daughters and sons have put me away with marbles and dolls/and are gone from the house.” This reflects that the woman’s children have moved on and have become adults. They are leading their own independent lives now and have left her behind like the toys of their youth. Marbles and dolls are symbolic of play things and youthful frivolity, something used to pass the time that they have outgrown. For the mother, who is the speaker of the poem, she is no longer relevant in their lives. Instead, if her adult children would return home and see the toys from their youth, they may reflect on the fun that they had with the item, but they don’t take it out and play with them.

In the toys had a place in the adult children’s lives they would no doubt to be a novelty on a shelf, and more likely they would be something the adult children would just discord. It leaves the reader with the impression that if her children do come to see her, that it is just for a quick visit, a novelty, not that the mother is a centerpiece of their daily lives.

The next statement made by the speaker is that husband and lovers are “pleasant or somewhat polite”. It creates a question in the mind of the reader who the lovers are “pleasant or somewhat polite”. It creates a question in the mind of the reader who the lovers are. On the surface, one might think that this means male physical lovers and that may be, but there is a possibility that these “lovers” mean friendships instead. It would make sense that she may be referring to her husband and friends as people that are present in her life, but who offer no real meaning. It is like the tolerate her. As pleasant as these people are in her life, it doesn’t change the fact that “night is night”. This means that sunset is nearly over and her time on Earth is coming no matter what her relationships are with her family or friends.

The speaker next indicates that she is not fooled into believing that there is a possibility that she is still in the summer of life. Summer would symbolizes the prime of life, in full bloom, growth, and beauty. She knows that even though life goes on and there is still sunshine and birds, that doesn’t mean that she is in the summer of her life. Brooke symbolizes the passing of summer and the prime of life with the images of “sweet flowers in drying and dying down” as well as “grasses forgetting their blaze and consenting to brown”. This is symbolic of the women’s own personal beauty. She sees in herself that she is not in the prime of blooming and blaze; instead, she is as the stage of drying and shriveling up.

Brooks repeats the phrase “It is a real chill out.” At the beginning of the second and fourth stanzas, the repetition of this phrase is used to emphasize the sense of inevitability. The speaker can’t delude herself into believing that it is a temporary chill and not a change to the final season of her life. It emphasize that it is real and lasting. She realizes that she is in house that is ill-prepared for winter. This symbolizes the decline of the woman’s health. She realizes that she is heading into a stage where it will not be warm enough for her to survive, just as it was not warm enough for the flowers and the grass to survive.

With the personification of life as a house, Brooks uses words such as “echoes”, “tremulous”, “lost halls”, and “dusty” to describe her life. The word “echoes” has connotations of something far off that as time continues to pass the sound becomes less and less. This is reflective of her memories of her youth, marriage, raising children and managing a household. “Tremulous” gives the connotation of emotions and refers. Leaving her life behind is an emotional thing for the woman and fear of where her life is heading next creates an impression of vulnerability. “Lost halls” creates the impression that there were paths that she did not take in life and symbolizes regrets. “Dusty” creates the sense of non-use. If something sits idle and unused, it becomes dusty. The speaker is like the dusty house, unused and gathering dust.

The speaker gains acceptance for her situation and appears to see the end of this dry “desert” as dear relief. She feels that when death comes, it will be an island of relief from a hard life and all her grief. She mentions “communication with the master shore” which would be symbolic of the day that she sees the face of God, her day of reckoning. She indicates that she “hurries through her prayers”. This gives the sense that she feels an urgent need for prayer in the hope for heavenly forgiveness. Earlier in the poem she mourns for the children who no longer see her as relevant, this gives the reader a sense that the woman sees herself as a sinner, in need or prayers and forgiveness to reach the “master shore”.

Brooks leaves the reader with the impression that the woman is left with a sense of dilemma wondering if she should die a withering death in the winter of her life or if she should “leap and die” which would indicate thoughts of suicide. This may also indicate the need for the urgent prayers.

Brooks ends the poem with a single line stanza “somebody muffed it? Somebody wanted to joke”. This final line leaves more questions than it answers. “Muffed” would indicate a mistake. It seems like Brooks may be symbolizing that the speaker is unhappy with her “house” and her surroundings. She hints at regrets, sins, and perhaps lovers. Is it the woman who fears that she has “muffed it”? is she fearful at the end of her life that she has sinned so greatly that she may not see the “master shore?” There is also the suicidal hint, which may reflects the sin of suicide which may be so great that after a life well-lived to kill herself would make it that she would not arrive at the “master shore”. Perhaps it is the intent of Brooks to have the reader feel unease at what the end is for the speaker. The final words “somebody wanted to joke” gives the sense that someone was perhaps not taking the spiritual tenets of life seriously enough and heaven and may not be reward.

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Sri Aurobindo Ghosh

2021-06-28T21:05:00.006+05:30

Sri Aurobindo Ghosh

On Thursday, the 15th August, 1871, Sri Aurobindo Ghose was born, otherwise called Sri Aurobindo is referred to the whole world as an incredible researcher, a public chief and an otherworldly master. He achieved his fundamental just as advanced education from the United Kingdom. His scholarly greatness had been commendable and brought him incalculable praises. He got back to India as a government worker to the 'Maharaja of State of Baroda'. Sri Aurobindo's cooperation in the Indian public development was short yet significant. His compositions advanced total autonomy for India subsequently landing him in prison for political turmoil. He came to spotlight with his dynamic support in the opportunity battle against the British in India however he steadily advanced to turn into an otherworldly and yogic master. Some incredible dreams supported by mysticism urged him to move to Pondicherry where he chipped away at human advancement through profound exercises, for example, 'Vital Yoga'. Having picked the mysterious way for the remainder of his life, he worked together with individuals with comparative pursuits.

Sri Aurobindo Ghosh

Born	15 August 1872 in
Died	15 August 1872 in 5 December 1950 (aged 78)
Religion	Hinduism
Nationality	Indian
Spouse	Mrinalini Devi
Famous works	**The Life Divine, The Synthesis of Yoga**
Founder of	Sri Aurobindo Ashram

Early Life:

Aurobindo Ghose was brought into the world in Calcutta (presently Kolkata), on 15 August 1872 in a Bengali family that was related to the town of Konnagar in the Hooghly area, West Bengal. His dad's name was Krishna Dhun Ghose, who was then the right-hand specialist of Rangpur in Bengal and later an affable specialist and a previous individual from the Brahmo Samaj strict change development who had gotten captivated with the then-novel thought of advancement while seeking after clinical examinations in Edinburgh.[6][a] His mom Swarnalata Devi's dad Shri Rajnarayan Bose was a main figure in the Samaj. She had been shipped off the more salubrious environmental factors of Calcutta for Aurobindo's introduction to the world. Aurobindo had two senior kin, Benoybhusan and Manmohan, a more youthful sister, Sarojini, and a more youthful sibling, Barindra Kumar.

He and his two senior kin were shipped off the English-speaking Loreto House live-in school in Darjeeling, partially to improve their language abilities and to some extent to separate them from their mom, who had fostered a psychological maladjustment not long after the introduction of her first kid. Darjeeling was a focal point of Anglo-Saxon in India and the school was controlled by Irish nuns, through which the young men would have been presented to Christian strict lessons and imagery.

Alfred Tennyson

2021-06-25T13:00:00.008+05:30

Alfred Tennyson

Born	6 August 1809 in Somersby, England
Died	6 October 1892 in Aldworth, England
Notable Works	· Ulysses · The Lotus Eaters · The Princes · Mariana · In Memoriam · Idylls of the King · Maud · Locksley Hall · Enoch Arden · The Lady of Shalott
Spouse	Emily Sellwood

Tennyson, Alfred, first Baron Tennyson (1809–1892), writer, was brought into the world on 6 August 1809 at Somersby parsonage, Lincolnshire, the fourth kid (there were to be eight children and four girls in fourteen years) of the Revd Dr George Clayton Tennyson (1778–1831), minister of Somersby, and his better half, Elizabeth (bap. 1780, d. 1865), a girl of the Revd Stephen Fytche, vicar of Louth, Lincolnshire

Alfred Tennyson

Tennyson got away from home in 1827 to go to Trinity College, Cambridge. In that very year, he and his sibling Charles distributed Poems by Two Brothers. Albeit the sonnets in the book were generally juvenilia, they pulled in the consideration of the "Missionaries," an undergrad abstract club drove by Arthur Hallam. The "Witnesses" gave Tennyson, who was immensely modest, with much-required kinship and certainty as an artist. Hallam and Tennyson turned into the best of companions; they visited Europe together in 1830 and again in 1832. Hallam's unexpected passing in 1833 incredibly influenced the youthful artist. The long epitaph In Memoriam and large numbers of Tennyson's different sonnets are recognitions for Hallam.

In 1830, Tennyson distributed Poems, Chiefly Lyrical and in 1832 he distributed a subsequent volume entitled basically Poems. A few commentators denounced these books as "influenced" and "dark." Tennyson, stung by the surveys, would not distribute another book for a very long time. In 1836, he got connected with to Emily Sellwood. At the point when he lost his legacy on a terrible interest in 1840, Sellwood's family canceled the commitment. In 1842, nonetheless, Tennyson's Poems in two volumes was a gigantic basic and mainstream achievement. In 1850, with the distribution of In Memoriam, Tennyson got one of Britain's most well known artists. He was chosen Poet Laureate in progression to Wordsworth. In that very year, he wedded Emily Sellwood. They had two children, Hallam and Lionel.

At 41 years old, Tennyson had set up himself as the most mainstream artist of the Victorian time. The cash from his verse (on occasion surpassing 10,000 pounds each year) permitted him to buy a house in the country and to write in relative confinement. His appearance—a huge and hairy man, he routinely wore a shroud and an expansive overflowed cap—upgraded his reputation. He read his verse with a roaring voice, regularly contrasted with that of Dylan Thomas. In 1859, Tennyson distributed the primary sonnets of Idylls of the Kings, which sold in excess of 10,000 duplicates in a single month. In 1884, he acknowledged a peerage, turning out to be Alfred Lord Tennyson. Tennyson passed on October 6, 1892, and was covered in Westminster Abbey.

Percy Bysshe Shelly

2021-06-22T22:01:00.001+05:30

Percy Bysshe Shelly((1792–1822)

Born

August 04, 1792 in Horsham, Sussex, England

Died

July 08, 1822 in Kingdom of Sardinia (Italy)

Genre

poetry

Occupation

Poet, Dramatist, Essayist, Novelists.

Famous Work

· Poetry, Fiction and Verse Drama

· Prose Works, Essays.

· Translation

Spouse

	Harriet Westbrook
	Mary Shelley (married after first wife’s dead)

Who is Percy Bysshe Shelle?

Shelley, Percy Bysshe (1792–1822), writer, was brought into the world on 4 August 1792 at Field Place, close to Horsham in Sussex, the oldest child of Timothy, thereafter Sir Timothy Shelley, baronet (1753–1844), and his significant other, Elizabeth (1763–1846), little girl of Charles Pilfold. The artist and author Shelley was sent down from Oxford in 1811 for maintaining his secularism. Putting stock in singular freedom and the flawlessness of humankind, he was an inflexible dreamer all through his short life He was submersed at Warnham, Sussex, on 7 September 1792.

Best Works:

"The flower that smiles to-day"

By Percy Bysshe Shelley

The flower that smiles to-day

To-morrow dies;

All that we wish to stay

Tempts and then flies.

What is this world's delight?

Lightning that mocks the night,

Brief even as bright.

Virtue, how frail it is!

Friendship how rare!

Love, how it sells poor bliss

For proud despair!

But we, though soon they fall,

Survive their joy, and all

Which ours we call.

Whilst skies are blue and bright,

Whilst flowers are gay,

Whilst eyes that change ere night

Make glad the day;

Whilst yet the calm hours creep,

Dream thou—and from thy sleep

Then wake to weep.

Rabindranath Tagore

2021-06-21T00:14:00.004+05:30

Rabindranath Tagore

Native name	রবীন্দ্রনাথ ঠাকুর
Born	7 May 1861, 25th of Baishakh 1268 Bengali calendar ২৫ শে বৈশাখ
Died	7 August 1941 (aged 80))
Pen name	Bhanusingha
Occupation	Poet novelist dramatist essayist story-writer composer painter philosopher social reformer educationist linguistic Grammarian
Language	Bengali
Famous Work	*Gitanjali* *Ghare-Baire* *Gora* *Jana Gana Mana* *Rabindra Sangeet* *Amar Shonar Bangla*
Notable awards	Nobel Prize in Literature(1913)
Spouse	Mrinalini Devi

Rabindranath Tagore (1861-1941) was the most energetic offspring of Debendranath Tagore, in front of the Brahmo Samaj, which was another exacting request in nineteenth-century Bengal and which attempted a rebuilding of a complete monistic reason of Hinduism as put down in the Upanishads. He was told at home; and notwithstanding the way that at seventeen he was transported off England for formal mentoring, he didn't finish his examinations there. In the foster years, despite his infection imaginative activities, he managed the family spaces, an endeavor which conveyed him into close touch with ordinary humankind and extended his benefit in cordial changes. He also started a preliminary school at Shantiniketan where he endeavored his Upanishadic convictions of preparing. Sometimes he looked into the Indian loyalist advancement, anyway in his own non-thoughtful and visionary way; and Gandhi, the political father of current India, was his dedicated friend. Tagore was knighted by the choice British Government in 1915, notwithstanding, a few years, he gave up the honor as a difference against British game plans in India.

Tagore had early achievements as a creator in his nearby Bengal. With his understandings of a part of his works, he ended up being immediately known in the West. Believe it or not his differentiation accomplished a glowing height, taking him across terrains on address visits and journeys through cooperation. For the world he transformed into the voice of India's supernatural heritage; and for India, especially for Bengal, he transformed into a fantastic living establishment.

Regardless of the way that Tagore made successfully in each and every theoretical order, he was as an issue of first significance a craftsman. Among his fifty and odd volumes of section are Manasi (1890) [The Ideal One], Sonar Tari (1894) [The Golden Boat], Gitanjali (1910) [Song Offerings], Gitimalya (1914) [Wreath of Songs], and Balaka (1916) [The Flight of Cranes]. The English renderings of his refrain, which consolidate The Gardener (1913), Fruit-Gathering (1916), and The Fugitive (1921), don't overall identify with explicit volumes in the main Bengali; and regardless of its title, Gitanjali: Song Offerings (1912), the most acclaimed of them, contains pieces from various works other than its namesake. Tagore's critical plays are Raja (1910) [The King of the Dark Chamber], Dakghar (1912) [The Post Office], Achalayatan (1912) [The Immovable], Muktadhara (1922) [The Waterfall], and Raktakaravi (1926) [Red Oleanders]. He is the maker of a couple of volumes of short stories and different books, among them Gora (1910), Ghare-Baire (1916) [The Home and the World], and Yogayog (1929) [Crosscurrents]. Other than these, he created melodic shows, dance sensations, articles, things being what they are, travel diaries, and two individual accounts, one in his middle years and the other by and by before his passing in 1941. Tagore also left different drawings and creations, and tunes for which he made the music himself.

Sarojini Naidu

2021-06-09T23:22:00.003+05:30

Sarojini Naidu

Sarojini Naidu was born on 13 February 1879 in Hyderabad, India to the scientist, philosopher and a politieducator Aghornath Chattopadhyaya and Barada Sundari Devi.. Her parental home was at Brahmangaon Bikrampur, Dhaka, Bengal area (present-day Bhramanvita, Tongibari, Munshiganj Bangladesh]Her father, Aghorenath Chattopadhyay, with a doctorate of Science from Edinburgh University, gotten comfortable Hyderabad, where he controlled Hyderabad school, which later became Nizam College in Hyderabad. Her mom, Barada Sundari Devi Chattopadhyay, was an artist and used to compose verse in Bengali.

She was the oldest of the eight kin. Her sibling Virendranath Chattopadhyay was a progressive, and another sibling Harindranath was an artist, a writer, and an entertainer. Their family was all around respected in Hyderabad, not just for driving the Nizam College of Hyderabad yet in addition as Hyderabad's most acclaimed craftsmen around then. Being a craftsman in the time of British principle in India was viewed as a hazardous vocation, at this point with their reformist qualities, they sought after them at any rate.

Training

Sarojini Naidu breezed through her assessment from the University of Madras when she was twelve, then, at that point required a four-year break from her investigations. In 1895, H.E.H. the Nizam's Charitable Trust established by the sixth Nizam, Mahbub Ali Khan allowed her an opportunity to concentrate in England, first at King's College, London and later at Girton College, Cambridge.[5]

Marriage

Sarojini met Paidipati Govindarajulu Naidu - a doctor, at 19 years old, subsequent to completing her investigations, she wedded him. Around then, between standing relationships were not however regular as they seem to be today, but rather both their families endorsed their marriage. As Sarojini was from Bengal, while Paidipati Naidu was from Andhra, this was a between provincial marriage of East and South India, with two distinct societies. The couple had five youngsters. Their little girl Padmaja likewise joined the autonomy development and was important for the Quit India Movement. She was named the Governor of the State of Uttar Pradesh not long after Indian autonomy.

Significant Work

Influence Of Poetry: Though she went to England much without wanting to however it was here that her lovely soul got freed. It was here just that she met Arthur Simons, an artist and pundit. The struck harmony in the absolute first gathering and continued relating even after her re-visitation of India. Simons convinced her to distribute a portion of her sonnets. She distributed her first assortment of sonnets in 1905 under the title Golden Threshold. The book sold like hot cakes both among locals just as among the Indian Diasporas. Riding on the achievement, she distributed two different assortments of sonnets specifically The Bird of Time and The Broken Wings. In 1918, Feast of Youth was distributed. Afterward, The Magic Tree, The Wizard Mask and A Treasury of Poems were distributed. It is said that individuals of such type as Rabindra Nath Tagore and Jawaharlal Nehru were among the large number of admirers of her work. Her works were described by their substance that were however English in phrasing yet had an Indian soul.

Sarojini Naidu as artist

The Nightingale of India, Sarojini Naidu was a productive author and artist. The main volume of her verses The Golden Threshold was distributed in 1905, after which two additional assortments The Bird of Time and The Broken Wing showed up in 1912 and 1917 individually. Then, in 1916, she wrote and distributed a memoir of Muhammad Ali Jinnah entitled as The Ambassador of Hindu-Muslim Unity. Other acclaimed sonnets that came following are The Wizard Mask and A Treasury of Poems. Other chose works composed by her incorporate The Magic Tree and The Gift of India. She was given the name Bharat Kokila because of the delightful and cadenced expressions of her sonnets that could be sung also.

Later Life and Death

In her last years, Sarojini effectively took an interest in the opportunity development and was a piece of the Round Table highest point held in 1931. In 1942, she was captured alongside Mahatma Gandhi for her inclusion in the Quit India development and was imprisoned for very nearly 2 years. After her delivery from the prison, she directed the Steering Committee at the Asian Relations Conference. With the autonomy of India in 1947, Sarojini Naidu was made the Governor of the Uttar Pradesh in the wake of her commitment to the development. She was the main lady to turn into the legislative leader of a state. She passed on of a respiratory failure while working in her office on 2 March 1949.

Poetry analysis: A Sunset of the City, by Gwendolyn Brooks

ASTIKA WEBTECH November 07, 2020

Paper - Vlll

A Sunset of the city

by Gwendolyn Brooks

Poetry analysis: A Sunset of the City, by Gwendolyn Brooks

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John Keats

2021-06-08T18:51:00.005+05:30

John Keats

John Keats was brought into the world in London on October 31, 1795. His folks were Thomas Keats, a hostler at the corrals at the Swan and Hoop Inn, which he would later oversee, and Frances Jennings. He had three more youthful kin: George, Thomas, and Frances Mary, known as Fanny. His dad kicked the bucket in April 1804 in a pony riding mishap, without leaving a will.

In 1803, Keats was shipped off John Clarke's school in Enfield, which was near his grandparents' home and had an educational program that was more reformist and current than what was found in comparative organizations. John Clarke cultivated his advantage in traditional examinations and history. Charles Cowden Clarke, who was the director's child, turned into a tutor figure for Keats, and acquainted him with Renaissance scholars Torquato Tasso, Spenser, and crafted by George Chapman. A sensitive kid, youthful Keats was both lethargic and combative, yet beginning at age 13, he diverted his energies into the quest for scholarly greatness, to the point that, in midsummer 1809, he won his first scholastic prize. At the point when Keats was 14, his mom kicked the bucket of tuberculosis, and Richard Abbey and Jon Sandell were selected as the kids' gatekeepers. That very year, Keats left John Clarke to turn into a disciple to specialist and pharmacist Thomas Hammond, who was the specialist of his mom's side of the family. He lived in the storage room over Hammond's training until 1813.

Find out about some of John Keats' extraordinary sonnets.

At the point when I Have Fears that I May Cease to be - Famous Sonnet with Romantic Feeling

Tribute to Psyche - Highly acclaimed work of Keats, Psyche is a heather Goddess, dearest of Eros or Cupid

Tribute on Indolence - It was written in March 1819. Ten measured rhyming is utilized in this sonnet.

Tribute to Autumn - John Keats made this sonnet in Sept 1819 and distributed in 1820. The Ode can measure up to Shelley's Ode toward the West Wind.

Tribute on a Grecian Urn - Written in 1819 and distributed in 1820.

Tribute to a Nightingale - This is his loveliest sonnet.

The following tribute is Ode on Melancholy - This is the remainder of the Odes in the 1920 Volume. Meter is Iambic Pentameter.

Keats is the most exotic of every single English Poet. His erotic nature is not kidding, far reaching and full blooded. Keats passed on Feb 23, 1821 in Rome.

At the point when they arrived at Rome, Keats was bound to bed. Severn breast fed him devotedly, however Keats kicked the bucket in Rome on 23 February 1821. He was covered in the Protestant Cemetery in Rome

Toru Dutt

2021-06-03T19:43:00.005+05:30

Toru Dutt

Toru Dutt (Bengali: তরু দত্ত) (4 March 1856 – 30 August 1877) was a Bengali interpreter and writer from the Indian Continent, who wrote in English and French, in what was then British India. She is among the establishing figures of Indo-Anglican writing, close by Henry Louis Vivian Derozio (1809–1831), and Sarojini Naidu (1879–1949). She is known for her volumes of verse in English, A Sheaf Gleaned in French Fields (1877) and Ancient Ballads and Legends of Hindustan (1882), and for a novel in French, Le Journal de Mademoiselle d'Arvers (1879). Her sonnets spin around subjects of depression, yearning, nationalism and wistfulness. Dutt kicked the bucket at 21 years old, which has prompted a few correlations of her with the writer John Keats.

Early Life

Toru Dutt was brought into the world in Calcutta on 4 March 1856 to a Bengali family that had changed over to Christianity. Her dad name was Govind Chandra Dutt and Mother was Kshetramoni Dutt. In 1862, her family accepted Christianity and was sanctified through water. Toru was just six at that point, and this was a significant occasion in her life. In spite of the fact that she stayed a sincere Christian for her entire life, the Hindu arrangement of conviction never lost its sheen with her, and its impact can be seen in the vast majority of her works. Subsequent to being met with social dismissal and seclusion because of their transformation to Christianity, Toru Dutt's family moved to Mumbai for a year. After returning in 1864 to their home of Calcutta, Toru's sibling Abju kicked the bucket of utilization.

Life in Europe

Her family moved to France in 1869, following the passing of her sibling Abju. In France, she was instructed in language, history, and human expressions. Toru, alongside her sister Aru, dominated the French language during their short stay in France. This interest with the French language and culture would be supported through Toru's life, and her #1 writers were the French essayists Victor Hugo and Pierre-Jean de Béranger.

In a little while, the family moved to Britain, where Toru sought after her schooling at the University of Cambridge, alongside her higher French examinations. The peaceful scenes of southern England, joined with Toru's encounters experiencing childhood with her family's country bequest in Baugmauree, assumed a huge part in molding her own and idyllic interest with the common world. It was likewise at Cambridge that Toru met and got to know Mary Martin. Their correspondence endured even after the family got back to Bengal in 1873. Later on, these letters turned into a significant wellspring of data about Toru's life.

Toru began distributing her work when she was just 18 years of age. Her originally distributed works, expositions on Henry Derozio and Leconte de Lisle, showed up in Bengal Magazine in 1874, and in this equivalent year, Toru's sister Aru died from utilization. The worldwide and interracial foundations of these writers (Derozio was of Anglo-Portuguese plummet and brought into the world in India, while Leconte de Lisle was blended race and brought into the world in Mauritius) were important to Toru, who herself felt a blend of public impact both as an Indian Christian and during her time abroad. Her first novel Le Journal de Mademoiselle d'Arvers (The Diary of Mademoiselle D'Arvers) was written in French. She additionally began to compose another novel, Bianca or The Young Spanish Maiden, which stays inadequate because of her young and inauspicious demise. Both these books were set outside of India with non-Indian heroes.

Notwithstanding starting her scholarly profession with exposition, Toru Dutt is known for her verse. Her first assortment, A Sheaf Gleaned in French Fields, was a volume of French sonnets that she and her perished sister Aru converted into English. The main release of her book was distributed in 1876 by the Saptahik Sambad Press, situated in Bhowanipore, India. This assortment of verse acquired Toru some acknowledgment as youthful, rising writer. From the outset her assortment was not a hit, since it did not have a prelude, was imprinted on inferior quality paper, and the distributer was generally secret. In any case, in 1877 the verse assortment acquired exposure after it was well inspected in The Examiner by Edmund Gosse.

Unfortunately, Toru Dutt didn't live to see her prosperity. She, similar to her kin, passed on from utilization in 1877, at 21 years old. Her book of verse named Ancient Ballads and Legends of Hindustan, an assortment of interpretations and transformations from Sanskrit writing, was distributed after death in 1882. Edmund Gosse composed the early on journal for the assortment. He said, portraying Toru, "She carried with her from Europe a store of information that would have gotten the job done to cause an English or French young lady to appear to be learned, however which for her situation was essentially extraordinary." Her more mainstream sonnets incorporate "Sîta," "The Lotus," "Lakshman," "Our Casuarina Tree," "The Tree of Life," and "Buttoo."

In the mid 20th century, creator Harihar Das went over "Buttoo." He was so taken with the sonnet that he set off to discover more about Toru. Subsequent to neglecting to find a lot of data about her, he chose to compose a Toru Dutt life story himself. He reached out to her excess family, and with Mary Martin, who gave him her letters from Toru. In 1921 he distributed his history, Life And Letters Of Toru Dutt.

Despite her inauspicious demise, Toru Dutt stays a praiseworthy writer, and her works are broadly viewed as being among the awesome Indian-English compositions. Specifically, pundits have given a lot of consideration to Toru Dutt's verse center around the intricacy of individual feelings, particularly considering her blended strict legacy and her experiences in with death since early on. Much basic consideration has likewise been paid to Toru Dutt's fruitful blend of European and Indian social impacts, connecting her way of life as a cosmopolitan and multicultural figure to her wonderful combination of English refrain structures (like the melody) with Indian motivations.

Anita Desai

2021-06-03T00:03:00.004+05:30

Anita Desai

Anita Desai, conceived Anita Mazumdar (conceived 24 June 1937) is an Indian writer and the Emerita John E. Burchard Professor of Humanities at the Massachusetts Institute of Technoogy.As an author she has been shortlisted for the Booker Prize three times.She got a Sahitya Academi Award in 1978 for her novel Fire on the Mountain, from the Sahitya Academi, India's National Academy of Letters.She won the British Guardian Prize for The Village by the Sea.

Desai was brought into the world in Mussoorie, India, and spent her youth in Delhi. Her folks had met in Germany when her dad was concentrating there, and they moved back to his home of India during the 1920s. Desai grew up communicating in German, Bengali, Hindu, and Urdu; she possibly educated English when she went to a mission school. She at that point went to class at Queen Mary's School in Delhi and got a B.A. in English writing from Miranda House at the University of Delhi.

In 1958, Anita wedded Ashwin Desai, a business leader, and they had four kids (Kiran Desai, one of her girls, won the Man Booker Prize in 2006).

Desai distributed her first short story when she was just twenty years of age. Her first novel was Cry, the Peacock (1963). Her different books include: Voices around there (1965), Bye-Bye, Blackbird (1971), Where Shall We Go This Summer? (1975), Fire on the Mountain (1977), Clear Light of Day (1980), In Custody (1984), Baumgartner's Bombay (1988), and The Zigzag Way (2004). Notwithstanding books, she has composed books for kids, various short stories that have been gathered into collections, and articles.

Desai has gotten numerous honors, including the Royal Society of Literature Winifred Holtby Prize (1978), the Sahitya Akademi of India Award (1979), the Guardian Award for Children's Fiction (1982), the National Academy of Letters Award, and three assignments for the Booker Prize. She has instructed at Cambridge, Oxford, Smith, Mount Holyoke, and MIT; she is additionally an individual from the Royal Society of Literature and the American Academy of Arts and Letters.

Desai and her family at present live in the United States.

Awards

1978 – Winifred HoltbyMemorial Prize – Fire on the Mountain

1978 – Sahitya Akademi Award (National Academy of Letters Award) – Fire on the Mountain

1980 – Shortlisted, Booker Prize for Fiction – Clear Light of Day

1983 – Guardian Children's Fiction Prize – The Village by the Sea: an Indian family story

1984 – Shortlisted, Booker Prize for Fiction – In Custody

1993 – Neil Gunn Prize

1999 – Shortlisted, Booker Prize for Fiction: Fasting,Feasting

2000 – Alberto Moravia Prize for Literature (Italy)

2003 – Benson Medal of Royal Society of Literature

2007 – Sahitya Akademi Fellowship

2014 – Padma Bhushan

Swami Vivekananda

2021-06-02T00:10:00.004+05:30

Swami Vivekananda

Master Vivekananda, prior he was known as Narendra. He was an Indian Hindu Monk and a main follower of the nineteenth-century Indian spiritualist Ramakrishna. He was brought into the world on twelfth January 1863 in Calcutta, Bengali Presidency British India. His dad's name was Biswanath Dutta and his Mother's name was Bhubaneswari Devi. He was brought into the world in a Kayastha family. His dad was a lawyer, at the Calcutta High Court. Furthermore, his mom was a sincere housewife. He took in the Epic and the Puranas from his mom. He could sing and play well overall, had a prepared mind, and was very He was the six of his ten kin. He obtained his fundamental schooling in 1871, at eight years old from Iswar Chandra Vijayanagar's Metropolitan Institution. Narendra finished his graduation in 1884 in expressions from the Presidency College, Calcutta.

Narendra met Rama Krishna in 1881 at Dakhineswar, during this time Narendra was undergoing a time of spiritual crisis.

It was his famous question to Sri. Ramakrishna "Have you seen God", Ramakrishna did not convince Narendra completely at the first go. But after noticed some great virtue of Ramakrishna, he became a frequent visitor to Ramakrishna, after the tragic death of his father he came closer to Ramakrishna and received help to move out of his spiritual crisis situation in 1885 Ramakrishna was diagnosed with throat cancer then Narendra took great care of his master and nursed him with utmost devotion and love. Before renouncing the body Ramakrishna made Narendranath the leader of a new monastic order. Post the death of Ramakrishna, Narendra along with his young disciples began to live at Baranagar. In 1887, he took the formal vows of sannyasa, thereby assuming new names. Narendra came to be known as Swami Vivekananda.

In 1888, to profess the message of Ramakrishna to the world, Swami Vivekananda resolved to embark on a journey, extensively exploring India in the initial years. He walked on foot, lived on aims, and led a life of a wandering monk. By this time, he understood that the masses required two kinds of knowledge. One which allowed them to improve their economic condition. The second helped to build faith and strengthen their moral sense. To accomplish his goal of bettering the life of the masses, Swami Vivekananda aimed at initiating an organization.

In 1893, he travel abroad for the first time to be a part of the World's Parliament of Religions. At the Parliament, Swami Vivekananda became known as the 'orator of divine right' and 'Messenger of India wisdom to the Western World'. He traveled in the Eastern part of the U. S. and London to spread the message of Vedanta.

Upon returning to India in 1897, he initiated Ramakrishna Mission, an organization that propagated the teaching of practical Vedanta and commenced various forms of social service. In 1898, Swami Vivekananda acquired a huge property at Belur which became a permanent abode of the monastery and monastic order.

The spot got known as Ramakrishna Math and open to all men. Master didn't wed by any means. He kicked the bucket Belur Math, Bengal Presidency, British India on 4 July 1902 at 39 years old.

"ARISE, AWAKE, AND DO NOT STOP UNTIL

THE GOAL IS REACHED"

Swami Vivekananda

enghons

Mulkraj Anand

Raja Rao, Famous Indian English literature,

The Looking Glass

R. k Narayan

R.K. Narayan(1906 - 2001)

Literary carrier

M.C.Q on The Rivals by R. B. Sheridan

MCQ on Great Expectation by Charles Dickens

MCQ on Great Expectation by Charles Dickens

Renaissance Period

A Brief History of English Literature

Middle English Perod (1066 - 1500)

Elizabethan Age

Characteristics :

Literature:

Poets:a) Sonneteers

Dramatists: a. Pre- Shakespearean

Essayists

Augustan Period

Augustan Period

Augustan was satire

Tudor Period

Tudor Period(1485-1603)

History of English Poetry

History of English Poetry

The earliest English poetry:

Anglo-Saxon Poetry:

The following is a brief outline of the story, which naturally divides itself into five parts.

The dragon hears Beowulf 's shout of defiance, and rushes forth, breathing flames. The fight begins; Beowulf is all but overpowered, and the sight is so terrible that his men, all but one, seek safety in flight.

Anglo-Saxon English Poetry

Anglo-Saxon English Poetry

Middle Ages:

Early Renaissance poetry:

The Elizabethans:

Great Elizabethans

John Milton Biography

John Milton Biography

David Herbert Lawrence

Stanza, Couplet, Heroic couplet/Father of couplet/ types/ Meter/ Rhyme scheme.

Stanza: A group of lines in a repeated pattern that form a unit in some types of poem.

Couplet : Two lines of poetry that usually rhyme and are of the same length. Father of couplet.

Heroic Couplet : Heroic Couplet means couplet /lines of iambic pentameter which rhyme in . aa, bb, cc and so on.

Alexander Pope

Alexander Pope

Early life

Famous works

Poetry analysis: A Sunset of the City, by Gwendolyn Brooks

A Sunset of the city

by Gwendolyn Brooks

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Sri Aurobindo Ghosh

Alfred Tennyson

Percy Bysshe Shelly

Percy Bysshe Shelly((1792–1822)

Who is Percy Bysshe Shelle?

Best Works:

"The flower that smiles to-day"

Rabindranath Tagore

Rabindranath Tagore

Sarojini Naidu

Sarojini Naidu

Poetry analysis: A Sunset of the City, by Gwendolyn Brooks

A Sunset of the city

by Gwendolyn Brooks

John Keats

Toru Dutt

Toru Dutt

Anita Desai

Anita Desai

Swami Vivekananda

Swami Vivekananda