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What is Success and Ways to Get It.

2011-08-31T04:34:00.001+05:30

What is Success? Is it just becoming wealthy or is it just making a name in the society, or is it something that others don't have and you want to have. Today everyone want to become successful. Even me, writing this article dream to become a successful person in my life. So before seeing some of the ways that may lead to success, let us see what this success is?

Success is actually a state of mind anyone want to aspire for or want to achieve. One more way of defining success is whenever you get positive remarks after a result, then it is also called a success. Other wise it may be called as failure. Many people view success in different ways. Some view it as success on overall life. Some view success in different aspects like success in relationship, success in family, success in financial side.

Success is a Process. Some think that success is based on luck and some believe it as a result of hard work. There is no secret for getting success as said by most of the gurus. Success is not reserved for particular people. Clearly Defining, success is not fate, not a co-incidence, but it is the process of following some steps required to achieve goal and bringing those steps in practice.

There are some steps that can be followed to achieve success.

1. Clarity : The first step is the clarity of vision and purpose. If you have no idea what you want to achieve, then there is no scope for getting success. Now the question is how to acquire clarity? The Answer is Introspection. You should ask questions to yourself like what I want, what success means to me, what difference it will make it in my life. Clarity means the clear idea of what we want.

2. Focus : After getting clarity and purpose, the next step is to focus on the targets.

3. Setting Goals : For Focusing on the target, you need to set goals. If you do not set goals then you don't know where you are going and what you are doing. When you have goals, then you have clear idea what to do, you feel motivated and inspired to take any action.

4. Action : After Setting up the goals, the next step is to take actions. Success can only be achieved by facing all the challenges. Successful people face the same challenges as any one else. The main difference is that they have the ability to view failures in a different way. They try different things. They will succeed one or the another day. And the unsuccessful people give up before they start.

5. Self Confidence : One more thing about success is that it requires self confidence. Lack of Self belief will never make you reach success. In spite of being faced by many difficulties and problems you need to keep up your self confidence. If you lose it, then you gonna lose the way to success.

6. Failures : Success can only be achieved if you get failures. Learn from the failures and those lessons will lead you to the success. Failures are nothing but the mistakes done while achieving the goals. Correcting those mistakes and making sure that they never happen again will be a factor to attain success.

7. Success Stories : Being with the successful person all the time will not make you successful. What you have to do is observe the steps followed by successful people and start implementing them in your life. Make some one as your ideal person, whether you have met them or not. Following their way can also lead to success. Read success stories and make research on what are the things that make you go near success.

8. Patience : Keeping Patience is also one of the factor in achieving success. Rome was not built in a day. Similarly success cannot come within a single day. You have to do lot of hard work. Each and every second of time will test your potential. You should have patience. For everything time will come, and so will for success.

-- Md Rafi

A Better World

2011-08-31T04:30:00.000+05:30

They say ”true friends stab you in the front”.

How true, and how nice it would be to have a ”TRUE FRIEND”! But the question arises ,”When would you decide that someone is a true friend???” Big question with no definite answer. One fact that must be noted is that . to trust a person completely,you must know them well. It is difficult to know too many people well enough,to build up an understanting and cultivate a friendship wherein you trust someone completely.

Humans are untrustworthy by nature ,and take advantage of a situation or information revealed to them,to suit their needs and sometimes be the source of gossip. This is a general statement and , YES,there are many exceptions to it .i myself can safely say that as of today, I have quite a few very good friends , who are very close to me and who I can trust ; even with my life !!!,if need be.

But well it’s a thought worth considering: “What happens when, you confide in someone and thus establish a trust ..,which unfortunately,they fail to live up to and then use it to ruin you”. Well it would kill me if I find out , that someone had done thet to me , not because I would be ruined by the friend who had betrayed me, but because, I wouldn’t be able tocome to terms with the fact , that a person who meant a lot to me as a friend ,would ditch me and take advantage of me.

I guess if such a thing happened with anyone,.one should just move on ,forget what happened and learn from life,so that next time you decide to trust or confide in someone ,YOU and only YOU ,should be able to make the CHOICE and decide whether the person is infact “A TRUE FRIEND!”

Now consider the case of rumor mongers., who …well….leave alone TRUST ,are an insult to the very word “friendship”. In my honest and humble opinion,I would blindfold such people and put them in front of a firing squad,to be shot at the crack of dawn!, like it was done to spies in the olden days.

A point to be noted is that even spies owed loyalty to their own country. Loyalty is a word ,that has a royal ring to it,as only one with a clean and pure heart can keep up to its ideals and principles. Dogs are considered low, when we consider the hierarchy among animals,in our everyday use of language. We use it to demean others …..but, rather than considering it an insult,we should,learn the principle of loyalty from these trustworthy animals,who would give their life for us ,if necessary.

Truly an ideal worth appreciating and admiring. Who doesn’t love gossip and rumours .?... That’s the essence of todays world ,that keeps the rollercoaster called “life” at its breakneck speed. The media and my surroundings are full of it ,and it makes me feel sick. People’s livesvarent everybodys business. Why should a few people ,to be the source of gossip ,dissect a persons life and lay it bare ?? what pleasure does it give them? That’s the question I would like to ask these people. Would such people love the same thing to be done for them as well??...

Well the fault ,in such people lies in their upbringing. Maybe they weren’t taught or brought up with the right values. Well…that would explain their shady character and deceptive nature, that makes them extract juicy information that can do the rounds during the lunch break. Such people have no self-respect, dignity conscience and have a deep troubled mental state, and go no where in life.

If the world is said to be built on LOVE ,TRUST and FRIENDSHIP, we need to eliminate these weeds at the foundation to prevent the world from comming crashing down..

-- Nikhil das

The Zenith

2011-08-31T04:23:00.000+05:30

You could read many papers on achievement, on the joy of success, on handling ecstasy that comes with the last step of the ladder, this sheet wouldn’t satisfy you if you looked for cliché notions and stories of underdogs, greatness and joy beyond fathoms, this sheet is written in complete love with the way, yes, the way, not the goal, not the end of the way but THE WAY.

For most people who achieve beyond a certain average criteria early in life, those who set themselves apart with talents, qualities, achievements that our sought after for their bewildering fruits would comprehend my upcoming phrase, an empty hole of vacuum in that sterile glass façade. True, maybe not, if so then I salute you to attain a voluptuous level in life. For poets want to write the perfect poem, no line compelled, no word out of place, every inch of the piece reeking of the protagonist, every phrase, delicately challenging and often conquering the mind and soul of the audience it intends to most gravely effect.

The musician dreams of composing the most flawless piece of symphony, driven by soul quenching melodies, molded with proficient instruments and fostering lyrics that carry the whole amalgamation together, even hurling along those who don’t heed to the vastness of sound. The academic wishes to know-it-all, be prepared, confidence oozing out like c hocolate from a doughnut, every single word in the examination easy to comprehend and every thought, a derivative to what she seeks. The basketball player, trying to make that unintercepted pass. That shot that went in as clean as white table-cloths on VIP visits. That death-defining move, that brought the crowd to raptures.

They all seek something, one of its kind, a rare diamond, satisfaction. Precision, perfection and proficiency, the wish to be the best, to not rest with mediocrity, to not be just another guy. As you walk those stony pavements, hands in pockets, pondering over how life past you by… what do you regret the most? The close shaves, the near misses, the battle that ended in defeat and you were killed by the last survivor. Why? It’s not difficult. The distance you traversed during that time, how you grew as a person, how you felt that you were someone, someone important. How the journey gave you security, how it gave you respect, from yourself and from the others, how the thorns in the path, made you ruthless beyond your own belief. These how’s aren’t questioning HOWs? They are emphasizing how’s.

While reaching the end, you realize, it’s all about the journey, it’s never about the goal, it never was. The goal, was just something that stood there staring at your face so that you weren’t conscious. It brightened and dimmed so that the journey wasn’t all a bed of roses or a matt of nails. The wait and the longing foster’s love, feelings and emotions that you didn’t even start of with. You grow to an unimaginable extent and that is what counts, we grow as people all the time, there is no end to this growth scale, a range from zero to infinity and the best thing it’s not even relative!!!

-- Nikhil das

Is It Love Or Lust?

2011-08-29T08:18:00.000+05:30

There may be times when you are trapped in a situations when you cannot judge whether you are in love or in lust with a person. You feel that both the feelings are same. But in real they have different feelings and different signs. Lust may be a physical attraction towards a person's beauty whereas love is totally different from lust. In fact after some stage lust may eventually lead to love. The brain in lust will be similar to the brain on drugs. Means the person experiencing the feeling of lust will feel the same when he is addicted to drugs. Researches shows that the part of the brain which gets active when a person gets a fix of cocaine is the same part of brain when the person when he is indulged in the feeling of intense lust or physical attraction.

There are some signs that makes a difference making you understand whether you are in love or you just have a lust. Lust is totally based on physical attraction and is a fantasy. It is just an idealization. It is invoked only when the person comes in front of him. Whereas love is not just an attraction. It can be invoked even when the person is not present in front of him. It is not an idealization. Here are a few differences between lust and love.

Signs of Lust :

1. You are attracted by the person's looks and his/her body. It is a physical attraction.

2. In Lust you want to have sex with the person.

3. You are not interested in having conversations.

4. You do not discuss your real feelings with the person

5. You want to keep the relation on a fantasy level.

6. You want to keep the relation only for having physical satisfaction.

7. You feel like leaving away after having sex rather than having breakfast/lunch with the person.

8. You do not want to spend quality time with the person, except the time spend for having physical contacts.

9. You do not treat the person as a friend

10. You do not think of the person in their absence and you are not lost in her thoughts.

Signs of Love:

1. Love is not physical attraction. You are impressed with their good qualities. Physical looks and their body is not that attracts you more.

2. In love you do not wish to have sex all the times, instead you keep it a pure relation and respect your partner.

3. You like to have long conversations with the person you love.

4. You share all your thought and discuss your feeling with the person.

5. You do not keep the relation just a fantasy, instead you want the relation to be long life.

6. Physical contacts are not really that matters, you want to be with her for a longer time.

7. You care for her, you want to fulfill all her wishes whatever it may cost to you.

8. You like spending time with the person. You forget hours passing in spending time with her.

9. You are friends more than lovers. You want make each other happy.

10. His/Her absence makes you think of him/her. You think about the person when you are alone and are lost in his/her thoughts. And you enjoy this amazing feeling.

-- Md Rafi

Authentication Using Graphical Password System

2011-08-21T22:45:00.001+05:30

User authentication for network or internet based environment posed a challenging task for system and network administrator. This statement is truly and is still very much applicable till these days as it is a well known fact that authentication is being widely incorporated as part of access control for most systems. Authentication has been the catalyst for business organization in information protection and security.

Without the appropriate authentication mechanism in place, attacker could easily gain access to systems or applications by utilizing personal information, gained through various means, including but not limited to social engineering.

Access to computer system is often based on the use of alphanumeric passwords. This method requires a user to enter their username and password, either in alphabet or numeric, or more commonly, a mixture of both forms as authentication tokens to gain access to system or applications. However, users tend to have difficulty in remembering passwords that are long or randomly generated. As a consequence, they have the tendency to create short and simple passwords or write it in a text file and store it in an insecure place such as desk drawer, which in essence is highly vulnerable.

For example, “password”, personal names of family members, names of pets, and dictionary words. Ironically, these practices are one of many loopholes that can be compromise easily. Without the appropriate complexity, passwords can be easily crack through dictionary attack. With the complexity in place, especially when using a non dictionary word, users tend to type such passwords 40 percen t slower than the time use for typing of dictionary words. The slower rate of typing essentially would render the user more vulnerable to shoulder surfing which is basically a form of social engineering whereby an attacker would look over his/her victim shoulder to establish the password that are being entered.

To overcome such shortcoming, we proposed the use of graphical password. Graphical password essentially uses images or representation of images as passwords. Fundamentally, graphical password was designed to make passwords easier for user to remember, which should in reality points to a more secure password. According to some survey human’s brain is good in remembering picture than textual character. For an example we usually forget names of many persons but easily recognize them through faces.

There are various graphical password schemes or graphical password software in the market. However, it seems that only a few are capable of resolving the shoulder surfing issue. Therefore, i would like to present a graphical password system which known as Cued Recall Graphical Password System (CRGPS) that uses a scheme that is resistant to shoulder surfing. The adapted scheme is based on the challenge response interactions and cued recall method.

To create a password, a user has to choose five images and to create words (passcode) to associate with each image. The user would need to remember passcode that are related with each of their images among the 125 images, which is categorize in five categories, such as animal, flower, bird, insect and reptile. In the authentication process, the user is directed to the page, where 3 images that are randomly chosen from the user’s images are displayed on the screen together with another 47 decoy images. The user has to input a string of textual characters for each image shown on the screen. The first alphabet for each passcode to each image is displayed as a cued to the user as a hint.

Cued recall is basically a component of a memory task in which the subject will be asked to recall on items that were presented to them during an initial training or presentation with some hints being given. Cued recall method was used to increase user capability in remembering of password. Besides, the CRGPS is also user friendly and easy to familiarize with the system.

-- Krati mittal

Hazardous or unsensible why ??

2011-08-21T22:41:00.000+05:30

Study at your own risk! any responsibility would not be taken if any incident or any stuff toggle in your brain after reading it....

some "why" are sometimes untrustable and sometimes unsensible.its the seriously unsensible to raise -"why" fishes don't fly or birds not swim? but yeah this question may have some suff within. Yes..why would we not say that birds swim or fishes fly,even though they both carve their belongings meters above the soil...so what soil may be dry or wet...doesn't matters. In case of fishes,they habitat mostly meters above the wet soil i.e. sea base.the only difference between their daily serving in the density , the viscosity. water is much moredense in comparison to air.

let us imagine we,the highest minds on earth,lives under the sea,breathe from gills and have all the aquatic habitat,then whenever we would see as if today birds,sliding over our heads then what what would we suggest that motion,swimming or flying. absolutely flying because in our sense flying is a mechanism what is carried meters above the ground,like aeroplane ,birds..

the mechanism involved in flying and swimming is even similar,birds use their wings ,moves them upside down to fly. on other side ,fishes involves their fins to carry out same mechanism.then how we came to differentiate between flying andswimming.is there's a criteria of viscosity/density of environment or the point of reference.

firstly taking viscosity into account,if only for let ,say viscosity of air become comparable to water.then viscous force become more implicable,then would you change the tag of flying from birds,would you agreed to the statement-birds are swimming higher than fishes or fishesare flying lower than birds...looking foolish but its a matter of why???

now considering the second assumption - point of reference into consideration.if we took ourself as the point of reference then whatever aboue our head is flying and whatever below our feet is swimming.this may give answer to why but the theory is childish...

these whatif ,why -remains unanswered and leads to toggelling of brains and a matter of conversation. hence whatever i had said above is not my mistake but fault of "why","whatif" that makes you so confused hence don't blame me!

-- Pinky singh

Advantages of Cold Bath

2011-08-10T23:45:00.000+05:30

Most of the People take their showers with hot water. Doctors also do not recommend cold water bath, as the ill people catches cold very soon. Despite of this, there are many benefits of cold water bath.

1. Good Blood Circulation :

A good circulation of blood is very important for human body, especially the cardiovascular organs. A switching of cold and hot water bath would help a lot in blood circulation process. Taking a shower with cold water also keeps you healthy. It speeds you up from a recovery of hard work out and exercise. Cold water bath helps the blood to move to different organs and keep them warm.

2. Relieves from depression :

A cold shower shower helps in relieving from depression. It stimulates the brains 'blue spot', a primary source of noradrenaline, a chemical which helps to reduce depression.

3. Healthy for Skin :

A cold bath is also helpful for the skin. Hot water dries up the skin. If you want to avoid itching skin and ashy elbows, then turn down your temperature of the shower. Cold water makes your skin shinier by closing the pores on the surface of skin.

4. Healthy for hairs :

Taking bath with cold water is also helpful for hairs. Hot water make the hairs to fall sooner.

5. Strengthens Immune system :

Researches showed that the individuals who take shower with cold water saw an increase in the number of virus fighting while cells when compared to the persons who took hot shower bath. The researchers also believe that the bathing with cold water make the body warm and this results in the active and increased metabolic rate. Because more white blood cells will be produced.

6. Increased Testosterone :

Studies showed that an increase in the testosterone is found when a man takes cold shower. Increased testosterone keeps a person healthy and more energetic.

7. Increased Fertility :

Human testes are meant to become hot too soon. That's why they are made hanging outside the body. It's very harmful to expose them to over heat. The sperm count decreases if the temperature of the human testes increases. Studies showed that the persons exposed to a 30 minute bath with hot water daily for 3 weeks were infertile for next six months. When they stopped this routine, the sperm count went up to 491 percent.

Increases Energy :

When a person take a cold bath with cold water , he feel more fresh and more energized. It is nearly like drinking a can of mount and dew drink. Most of them believe that cold water bath makes them feel better.

Getting Started With Cold showers :

It may be somewhat difficult for one to suddenly shift to cold showers if he is habituated to hot waters. It will be better if he gradually decrease his bathing water temperature. It will be even more beneficial if water is made to cool after heating it lukewarm.

-- Md Rafi

THYRISTORS

2011-08-10T23:41:00.000+05:30

The term thyristors is the generic name for semiconductor devices that have characteristics similar to those of thyratron tubes.In this group there are three devices which have been extensively used in recent years for switching rectifying and control at 120 volts and 240 volts.These are SCR, diac and triac.SCR and diac are briefly described here:

1)SILCION CONTROLLED RECTIFIERS(SCR)

A silicon controlled rectifier (SCR) is basically a four layer p-n-p-n device that has three electrodes, i.e.,a cathode,an anode and a controlled electrode called gate.At low values of forward bias, the silicon controlled rectifier exhibits a very high impedance;in this forward blocking or off state a small forward current, called the forward off state current, flows through the device.As the forward bias is increased,a voltage is reached at which the forward current increases rapidly and the SCR switches to the on state.This value of voltage is called the break over voltage.When the SCR is in the on state, the forward current is limited primarily by the impedance of the external circuit.

Under reverse bias(anode negative with respect to cathode),the SCR exhibits a very high internal impedance and only a small amount of current, called the reverse blocking current, flows through the device.This current remains very small and the device remains in the off state unless the reverse voltage exceeds the reverse breakdown voltage limitation.At this point,the reverse current increases rapidly, and the SCR undergoes thermal runway, a condition that normally causes irreversible damage to the device.The value of the reverse breakdown voltage differs for individual SCR types, but is approximately 100 volts greater than the forward break over voltage for most types.Under forward bias condition, the break over voltage of the SCR can be controlled or varied by application of a current pulse to the gate electrode.As the amplitude of the gate current pulse is increased, the breakover voltage of the SCR decreases.In normal operation, the SCR is operated with crital values well below the break over voltage and is made to switch on by gate signals of sufficient magnitude to assure that the device is switched to the on state at the instant desired.

After the SCR is triggered by the gate signal, the current through the device is independant of the gate voltage or gate current. The SCR remains in the on state untill the principal current is reduced to a level below that required to sustain conduction or the supply voltage is removed.

2)DIACS

A diac is a two electrode three layer device which behaves like a voltage gas discharge tube.It can be switched from the off state to on state for either polarity of the applied voltage.They are primarily used as triggering devices in triac phase control circuits used for light dimming, universal motor speed control, heat control and similar applications.

-- SUBHADIPTA MONDAL

Steganography and visual cryptography

2011-08-10T23:34:00.000+05:30

Steganography is a process that hides a message or information in a carrier like image, text, audio etc.This carrier is sent to the receiver from sender and only the receiver will know the existence of the embedded message inside the carrier. This information hiding technique is very useful for transmitting secret information over public media.

Visual Cryptography is based on cryptography where n images are encoded in a way that only the human visual system can decrypt the hidden message without any cryptographic computations when all shares are stacked together.

In This Work we used both Steganography and Visual cryptography to make the data transmission over the public media in a more secured way.

Image Based Steganography:

The steganography techniques require two files: cover media that helps to hide the data, and the data itself.Here the cover media is an Image and the Data is a text message.After embedding the message in the cover image file ,the newly produced image is called Stego image.

This technique is mainly used in public media. We use an embedding algorithm or encoding algorithm at sender end and the extracting or decoding algorithm at receiver end.

Visual Cryptography:

Visual Cryptography deals with secret sharing of data. Here an image is splitted into shares. The basic model for visual sharing of the k out of n secret image is such that;

• Any n participants can compute the original message if any k (or more) of them are stacked together.

• No group of k-1 (or fewer) participants cannot compute the original message.

Images are split into two or more shares such that when a predetermined number of shares are aligned and stacked together, then the secret image is revealed without any computation.

TECHNIQUE:

Image Steganography:

Text Message Encryption:

Input: A cover image,

Text message: Message with ASCII characters like punctuation, symbol, number, alphabet etc.

Output: A stego image.

Text Message Decryption:

Input: A Stego image.

Output: Text message.

The text message is decrypted at the receiver end.

Visual Cryptography:

Sharing: This Approach works in bit level visual cryptography, i.e. instead of Block wise sharing we used BIT WISE SHARING. One image is divided into 7shares, where in every share at every pixel position some bit values are missing, .so it is impossible to get the complete information from one share. Until any 4 of those shares are stacked properly nobody will get the proper image.

Reconstruction:

Reconstructing the original stego image from any 4 share images is very simple. No computation process is needed, only BIT WISE OR operation will be performed and the whole image will be reconstructed without any loss.

-- Shamayita Pal

ELIMINATION OF CARBON PARTICLES FROM EXHAUST GAS

2011-08-10T23:22:00.000+05:30

Diesel power invitably finds a very important role in the development of the plant’s economy and technical growth. Inspite of their high thermal efficiency, one cannot ignore the fact about the effect of their exhaust, in the atmosphere. It is a well-known fact that the toxic gases emitted in diesel engines are less than the engines. Due to high cost of petrol, diesel engines are more in use. Anticipating the use of diesel engines, even more in the near future; this system developed can be used to control the toxic gases, coming out of the diesel engines.

These toxic gases are harmful not only to the atmosphere, but also to the human & animal race. Objective of this project is to design & fabricate a simple system, where the toxic levels are controlled through chemical reaction to more agreeable level. This system acts itself as a silencer; there is no need to separate the silencer. The whole assembly is fitted in the exhaust pipe; it does not give rise to any complications in assembling it. This system is VERY COST EFFECTIVE AND MORE ECONOMICAL.

INTRODUCTION

Diesel engines are playing a vital role in Road and sea transport, Agriculture, mining and many other industries. Considering the available fuel resources and the present technological development, Diesel fuel is evidently indispensable. In general, the consumption of fuel is an index for finding out the economic strength of any country. Inspite, we cannot ignore the harmful effects of the large mass of the burnt gases, which erodes the purity of our environment everyday.

It is especially so, inmost developed countries like USA and EUOPE. While, constant research is going on to reduce the toxic content of diesel exhaust, the diesel power packs find the ever increasing applications and demand. This project is an attempt to reduce the toxic content of diesel exhaust, before it is emitted to the atmosphere. This system can be safely used for diesel power packs which could be used in inflammable atmospheres, such as refineries, chemicals processing industries, open cost mines and other confined areas, which demands the need for diesel power packs.

WORKING PRINCIPLE

The high temperature high pollutant exhaust gas is allowed to pass through the belt – mouth assembly of the scrubber in the first phase. The bell – mouth at the inlet/outlet is approximately 2 ½ times more in an area is that of the inlet. This allows the exhaust gas to expand considerably. This expansion allows the gas to cool, because the temperature is a function of pressure. This considerable reduction of backpressure allows for the additional involved due to the introduction of water and lime stone container. The venture effect of the bell – mouth is minimized because the exhaust gas escapes out of the bell – mouth randomly along the periphery.

After expansion, the emission comes in contact with oil; (which could be otherwise being any alkaline solution) where the obnoxious products of combustion are scrubbed when bubbled through it. The bell – mouth also allows for more contact area with water, so that effective cooling takes place with in the short span of time available for the gas to pass through the oil. The length of bubbling can be increased by the oil level in the scrubber tank. But this will be increased result in an abnormal backpressure, which inadvertently affect the performance of the engine. And for this reason the bell – mouth is a multipurpose component, to allow for reduction in back pressure, and provides for an increased contact area with the scrubbing agent.

After bubbling through the oil, it comes in contact with bubbles, which encourage turbulence of the exhaust gas with in and below the oil surface without unduly increasing the back pressure of the exhaust. This allows for the thorough scrubbing of the emission, so that more obnoxious product is absorbed in the allowed time. The baffles are of invaluable help to reduce the carry over of oil particles which are converted into steam, which otherwise will escape out of the system. The filter is used to filter the carbon particles in the exhaust gas.

ADVANTAGES

1.Efficiency of the vehicle is increased

2.Fuel consumption is less when compared to ordinary vehicle

3.Less pollution

DISADVANTAGES

1. Additional cost is required

2. Additional space is required to install this arrangement in vehicles

APLLICATIONS

1.All Diesel and petrol engine application

2.Automobile Applications

-- Nambirajan

Control your Computer World by Voice enabled Speech to Text software

2011-08-05T20:10:00.001+05:30

As it sounds to you, computers can be made voice controlled which will run on your voice command. It is also helpful to be typing by voice and leave your hands on rest. You must be thinking that maybe you need to have a new latest computer to do that. But it's not true. You can make your old XP computer to do just that. Things you need are…

1) A good headset with microphone

2) Minimum 1 GB RAM

3) Windows XP service pack 3

4) Speech recognition driver

5) Speech recognition software.

Windows 7 & Vista has built in Speech recognition driver. Windows XP service Pack 3 comes with Speech recognition driver but it may not be installed on your computer. To check that go to Control Panel and look for speech icon and double click on it. Look for the speech recognition tab. If the speech recognition tab is available in speech properties, the speech recognition engine is installed. If it is not available, the engine is not installed.

Note: in some computers there are sounds, speech, and audio devices window instead of a separate speech window.

If it is not installed, click start and then click run. Type “control appwiz.cpl” in the open box, and then press enter. “Add or Remove Programs” window will be displayed. Click Microsoft Office XP, and then click change. Click Add or remove features, and then click next.Under features to install double-click office shared features, double-click alternative user input, click speech, click the down arrow, and then click run from My Computer.

Speech recognition mode is pre activated in Microsoft Office 2007. To turn on speech recognition in Microsoft Office 2003 and 2002 programs, follow the steps:Start Microsoft Office, on the tools menu, click speech.To add speech recognition as a text service, follow these steps:Click start, and then click run. Type control intl.cpl in the open box, and then press enter. The regional and language options window is displayed. Click on language tab, and then click details under text services and input languages. Under installed services, click Add. In the input language list, click a language. Select the speak checkbox, and then click an option in the list.

To set up the speakers, follow these steps:Look at the some connection and connect the speaker jack to the computer. Plug the speaker into the audio line in connection. To test the speaker connection, follow these steps:Click start, and then click run. Type control in the open box, and then press enter. Double click speech. Click the text to speech tab and then click preview voice to hear the selected voice. The text is spoken, and the words are highlighted as they are spoken. If the speakers are working correctly, you hear the spoken words.

Recommended speech recognition driver of Microsoft is SDK 5.1.Recommended software for speech recognition is Dragon Naturally Speaking. (It is the most advanced and accurate software at the moment.

-- AYAN

Health and fitness

2011-08-05T20:05:00.000+05:30

To be health and fitness daily wake up at 6'o clock go for walking while walking inself drink atleast one litre of water and then go to toilet and get fresh take good food which has proteins,carbohydrates.dont take the fat food it is very danger to ur health dont eat outside food they are taster but decrease the span of life better go for yoga it is very useful than gym it controls our mind.daily drink juices eat one banana take less rice eat chapathies.

Better sleep time ten to six if u do the hings mentioned in the up u should do that and u will increase the span of ur life.dont take bad habits like alcohol,cigarets it wil make u njoy for only five min and one day but inside the stomatch it will make all the bad so be far to all those things plz for not my sake for ur family and the sorrounding people if u had a habit of taking all these things it will continue to all the genes and they also gat harm because of u if anybody has please f orget all the things i know it is very difficult to stop sthen decrease day by day then u will be happy for a long time.

Eat more fruits and non veg it eill decrease the fat in ur body and u will lokk younger and face will be more glow to u so do the things wat mentioned on the up i hope all will follow thw things wat os said in up.be cReful to some of the people they will spoil u and takes the money for that they will makes friendship to u they will make u to get all the bad things and they eill njoy from and u will spoil ur health from them so in life main thing if wealth is lost something is lost if health is lost everything is lost its my opinion.

-- Sravankumar

Diet at critical periods

2011-07-27T09:01:00.000+05:30

It cannot be doubted by any man who has studied the subject that women at various periods of life can be substantially benefitted by care and appropriate treatment. Most women accept with exemplary resignation much suffering at their menstrual periods. They blame “Nature” for the pain and discomfort, without for one moment reflecting that their mode of living must have its effect on their general health. Great pain and excessive flow at the times indicated can often be obviated by a strict course of diet, with plenty of proper exercise and fresh air. According to Haig, great relief from discomfort can be obtained by radically reducing the amount of fluid taken a day or two before a period is due.

Scientists have noted an intimate connection between the sexual organs and the digestive apparatus, thus showing how important it is to diet properly during the period. Prof. Fleischer noted sluggishness in digestion at this time, improving after menstruation. Besides digestive troubles, neuralgia and hyperesthesia of the stomach often afflict women during the menstrual period.

The period of pregnancy may be made easy and pleasant by a proper diet. Morning sickness and other discomforts are either absent altogether or only present in a very slight degree. I found out that a woman who is fat and overfed will have - other things being equal - a much harder confinement than one who has been careful to diet, to take regular exercise and to obtain plenty of fresh air daily. By thus taking proper care during the period of pregnancy, the disparity in the size of the baby’s head and the pelvic outlet of the mother is lessened. Before giving birth to a child a woman should rid her body of all superfluous fat, and the risk of auto-intoxication. For uncounted centuries it has been the custom to “feed up” a pregnant woman by giving her extra and more stimulating diet with the idea of strengthening her for the ordeal of labour, and also to enable her to feed the child properly. This idea, fostered and nurtured by the lay public, has been eit her encouraged or tacitly acquiesced in by the medical profession. Modern knowledge on diet has proved that no good can result from taking an excess of food at any time, especially if it contains much proteids. A man in training for a championship in any branch of athletics tries to reduce his weight by exercise and by diminishing the amount of food. But a woman, training for the greatest trial of endurance in her life, is told to increase the amount of food she takes at ordinary times! Naturally, if this advice is followed, she suffers from morning sickness, indigestion, constipation and even eclampsia.

A pregnant woman, like any other woman, should never eat unless she is hungry and should never be tempted to partake of savoury dishes. Extra food, and of the wrong sort, only clogs the machinery of the human body, just as too much oil, or oil of the wrong consistency, clogs the engines of a motor-car.

Let the prospective mother take her meals regularly, not more than three in the course of the day, though two would be better. The diet should be light, consisting chiefly of fruit and green vegetables. Eggs, fish, fowl or butchers’ meat should only be taken once a day. Milk foods are bad, for the reasons set forth in detail in another chapter. Alcohol, tobacco, and strong tea or coffee should be avoided. Dr. Chalmers Watson conducted a series of experiments on the effect of meat diet on rats, and found that on such a diet a general deterioration was noticeable in the animals. Stunted growth, sterility and diminution of lactation with a high death rate among the young rats were the chief signs noticed.

Speaking on the question of diet in pregnancy, Dr. Abramowski, the well-known authority, says that he has had repeated opportunities of observing how under a restricted diet the difficulties of pregnancy seemed to melt away. “Vomiting and constipation, nervous disturbances, and kidney trouble were prevented; the quantity of water which surrounded the unborn babe, and the size of the child’s head, was kept within moderate limits. Ultimately the confinements themselves passed off in such an easy and natural way that the Bible almost seemed disproved in the passage. If we are what we eat, then babies are what their mothers eat!

Inability to nurse her children is a characteristic of the modern mother; and this, too, is due in a large measure to a wrong diet and an unnatural life.

We know that the feeding of cows has an influence on the quality of the milk, and there is not the slightest doubt that the modern woman would give her child more and better milk were she to eat more natural foods.

When one hears of young babies being given raw beef juice, can one wonder that they suffer and that appendicitis is becoming more common every day? In the British Medical Journal it is pointed out that in China, where the diet contains little or no meat, appendicitis is practically unknown.

It is wise to bring up children to the age of seven without resorting to any flesh-food or extracts.

Sterility and determination of sex:

A proverb, full of the wisdom of the immemorial East, says, “A fat man makes a poor husband.” Similarly, a fat woman makes a poor mother. Very fat people seldom have children. Many cases are on record of a married couple, desiring a child, undergoing operations and various other treatments without the wished-for results.

Their hearts desire could have been realized without any operation, if they had had the moral courage to take a strict course of dieting. Both husband and wife, of course, must agree to follow it out strictly.

The determination of sex is far too vast a subject to be entered into here as fully as its importance deserves; but from ancient times it has engaged the attention and attracted the researches of philosophers, scientists and others. Life would have been very different for many people if it had been possible to produce a son or daughter at will. It is not too much to say that the whole face of the world might have been changed if sons instead of daughters had been granted to certain great men.

Anaxagoras believed that the ability to produce male or female children belonged to the right or left side of the body. He held that the right ovary and testicle produced a male, and the left a female child. Another theory is that the sex of the child will be the opposite to that of the parent whose strength is increasing, and the same as that of the parent whose strength is declining.

Dr. Sylvan considers that the main influences on the causation of sex to be:

(1) The comparative strength of the parents;

(2) The moment of conception—whether before or after menstruation;

(3) The influence of suggestion.

Therefore, to produce a boy you must get yourself very fit; and your husband must take no special physical exercise and leave off sport for some time. Then the conception must take place during the week following the period. Finally, you must concentrate to the fullest extent on having a boy and follow Coup’s method. There are many other theories on the question, some advocating the use of stimulating and other natural foods. But as nothing has been proved conclusively, it would be waste of time to enter into them more fully.

Diet in middle age:

Middle-age is the period when the system requires less food, but it is an unfortunate fact that people after forty tend more and more to think of the pleasures of the table. As a consequence, they are tempted to eat much more than are needed; and suffer from all kinds of digestive and intestinal troubles. The jaded palate requires to be tickled with all kinds of rich, savoury and stimulating dishes; and the enfeebled digestion is sadly over-worked. A strictly-regulated dietary is even more important in middle-age than in youth, if health is to be preserved. If a woman is as old as she looks, surely a woman should do all in her power to retain her youth as long as possible. One of the chief means of doing this is to regulate the diet.

The following words of wisdom, written by an American, should be read, learnt, and thoroughly digested:

Perhaps some of you have wondered why persons who have reached middle age usually grow stout. The reasons are not far to seek. Up to about the age of forty, the body is developing, although active growth ceases in the early twenties, but after forty degenerative changes begin to take place and less exercise is usually taken; consequently the body does not need the same amount of food that it did before that age was reached.

After forty an effort should be made to maintain your weight at the normal for your height and age. If you will eat slowly and chew thoroughly, you will find less food will be desired. Besides cutting down the amount of food, be sure to take plenty of exercise. In this way many of the degenerative changes can be postponed and life thus materially lengthened. Green vegetables are valuable in the diet and act as filling material. Coarse foods also do this and do not tend to increase a person’s weight. Bread, butter, cream, sugar and starchy foods do increase the weight.

The great trouble with many of us is that we live to eat, instead of eating to live. In other words, we allow our palates to tempt us to eat a great deal more than we really need. How many of those ‘listening in’ to this talk that has passed the dead line of forty arose from the table to-night feeling that they could have eaten more? Those who did not and who are much over their normal weight for their age and height may well be said to be literally digging their graves with their teeth. From a series of over half a million people, who were accepted and followed by life insurance companies, it was found that for every pound overweight there was 1 per cent, increase in mortality for those in the middle-age period of life.

The organs of the human body will stand a remarkable amount of abuse, particularly during the earlier years of life, but if constantly called upon to do an extra amount of work, they will eventually break down. Diabetes is often caused by excessive or faulty diet, and certain forms of Bright’s disease may also be due to similar causes. Suitable diet laid down by a competent medical authority is the best treatment for diabetes and may even prevent its occurrence. “Find out what your normal weight should be for your age and height and then make it a point to see that this weight is maintained but not exceeded. Not only will your health then be better, but you will feel better and be able to do more with less effort.”

-- Narendra Motwani

What is hacking

2011-07-26T09:06:00.000+05:30

Hacking- the first image comes in mind is a negative one, of a geek with his spectacles on, sitting in front of computer stealing someone’s password or not obeying rules and entering restricted cyber areas but what we don’t understand is hacking is totally a different thing from stealing. Instead Hacking has got a positive meaning not a negative meaning like we all know. It originally refers to the programming aspect of computer involving in security of computer systems. In earlier days of computer era the hacking term was coined to denote those people who specialize in programming languages and deal with security.

But now-a day hacking word is commonly used for describing only those who violates rules and accessing systems without any authorization. But this type of hackers are put in a special category giving them name Crackers which is a totally different version of hacking. For hackers, a clear line of ethics is defined which involves not breaching or exploiting security of any system. If they do they do it only to improve the security of the system. They often work with developer companies to help them improve the security of the system fixing the bugs in the system. Believe me hackers only have noble intentions unlike crackers who do it for fun or theft. So we should be aware of crackers not hackers. Hackers and crackers can be considered as good and evil in the online cyber world.

Now a days hacking is taken as a career by many aspiring programmers. Every country is developing cyber security cell whose only aim is to prevent the cyber-crime. So many career opportunities are being generated. So a question arises what are the qualities needed to be a hacker/cracker. To become a hacker only one quality is needed and that is how you take rules….abide them or break them. Choice is yours. This quality only distinguishes hackers from other people. Every other quality like knowledge of programming and other things comes after this. If your choice is breaking rules you have the quality…go on cyber world is waiting for you but remember maintain your ethics always because it’s the only thing which count in online cyber world.

-- Neelanshu Nilay

Anger - The Greatest Enemy

2011-07-26T08:59:00.000+05:30

As we all know that anger is the greatest enemy of man. It can be more than an enemy. Just like an enemy, Anger can take our lives and of others if not controlled. Its a known fact that negative emotions like anger are dangerous for health. Anger can break the heart literally.

The emotions of anger are originated in the mind. But later on passes on to the heart. Since mind and heart are not separated from each other. One is linked with the other. The mind and the heart interact with each other through chemical conversations. These chemicals are nothing but stress hormones which play an important role in effecting the health.

Sometimes anger can be good. It is the way of expressing your negative feelings or to motivate you to find solutions to the problems. But excessive anger can be very dangerous. It can cause problems increasing your blood pressure, and making it difficult for us to think straight. Thus anger can harm physically and mentally.

Research shows that the people with excessive anger are six times more likely to suffer with heart attacks as compared to the people with less anger. It also states that if you are a healthy person having anger and hostility in your personality, then there are 19% more chances of getting an illness like heart attack, stroke than if you were calm and cool.

The harmful stress hormones increase the rate of heart beat and produce a sugar deficiency that make an angry person's blood to clot. They create a hormone imbalance. Long term of hormonal imbalance affects the immune system of the body. The people suffering with excessive anger also find a substitute for their unhappiness. They get into the habit of smoking, drinking too much alcohol, and they get prone to depression which may lead to more angry responses.

Anger arises when someone doesn't agree your opinion or something happens which is against you. If you get too much of anger then it is better to express it in such a way that it doesn't cause harm to you and others. Because bottling up your anger in mind can also lead to depression which may result in addicting to drug, drinking, smoking and other habits to find a substitute for the cause, as it was mentioned earlier.

Anger not only affects ones body but it also has a great impact on the relationship which they share with other people. Anger is the single cause which breaks the relationships. So it is very important for us to find ways to control anger.

what to do about anger and how to control it? It all depends on you. There is no way other than self controlling to keep the anger away. you can make your own rules to beat the anger. It may be something like this

1. Recognize you are angry

2. Find out the situation which made you angry

3. Think twice before taking any decision in anger

4. Think realistically and find out the solution for the problem caused by anger.

It is very necessary for all of us to control our anger, to avoid ourselves from getting harmed.

-- Md Rafi

The Bad Side of Lenses

2011-07-24T11:19:00.000+05:30

Many people wear contact lenses on their eyes, but most of them do not know about the bad sides of the contact lenses. There have been many cases which reports losing of eye vision due to improper lens usage.

The question arises, are the contact lenses safe. The contact lenses are made from non allergic contents. The loss of vision is often caused due to the improper usage of contact lenses, and their maintenance. Improper usage causes irritation and reddish eyes. So proper usage of contact lenses is very important. Correct usage includes time of usage, contact lens solution, cleaning procedure, disposing at right time. The cosmetic lenses especially the colored lenses should not be used for a long time, because they are more opaque than normal lenses, hence contains less oxygen content.

Place of purchasing the contact lenses and direction of its usage also matter a lot. Do not purchase an ordinary contact lens. buy it from a reputed optician. In Europe and U.S.A the contact lenses are available as daily disposables, unlike india where lenses are used more than one day.

Do not compromise on the quality of the contact lenses and its cleaning solution. Use a good solution to clean the lenses. Daily clean the lenses with a sufficient quantity of cleaning solution after every use. Apply a mild pressure on the contact lenses while cleaning it.

Due to the prolong use of contact lenses, there are chances of causing corneal ulcers, infection on eyes, irritation and reddish eyes. Eyes are very delicate organ of the body. And proper care must be taken to avoid all these. Corneal ulcers are not caused overnight by the usage of contact lenses. But it is caused due to the prolonged use of it. Infections can also be caused due to the solution used for cleaning the lenses because the person wearing the lens may be allergic to the substance or chemicals used in the solution. contact lenses comes with an expiry period. If they are used more than that period, then the lenses starts to deteriorate and are no longer suitable for daily use. If used, they can let in the particles of dust and dirt, which comes between the lens and eyes. and causes the surface of the eye to scratch, which can cause corneal ulcers.

Tips that should be followed to avoid the side effects of lenses:

1. purchase the contact lenses from a reputed optician.

2. Use good solution for cleaning the contact lenses.

3. sharing the lenses should be totally avoided, which may cause tissue to tissue transfer infections.

4. Before wearing the lenses, the hands should be washed very clean.

5. Do not used perfumed soaps or hand wash which may be allergic to the eye.

6. The place of wearing and removing the lenses should not have dust and dirt.

The Last and the Ending words.....Eyes are very delicate. They are the God's Gift to view this beautiful world. Do not be so rude with your eyes. Give an extra care to it.

-- Md Rafi

Cleaning and distributing after finishing the job of printing

2011-07-24T11:16:00.000+05:30

After finishing the job of printing proper, there are still some very important things to do. The form must be cleaned, the ink thoroughly removed from the press, and the type thrown back into the proper cases, or distributed.

The form is cleaned by going over the type, first with a cotton cloth moistened with benzene, and following with a bristle brush. The press also must be washed, that is the ink must be removed from the plate and the rollers. With cotton rags or waste moistened with benzene, the ink is wiped off the plate. Then the rollers are run upon the plate, and with the cloth still further moistened with benzene, the rollers are carefully gone over and all the ink removed. The rollers are then run down from the plate, which is wiped clean and dry. In case waste is used in cleaning the rollers, it should be wrapped inside of a cloth to prevent threads and lint from adhering to them. To the inexperienced, this mater of cleaning the press, gives the impression of a long, tedious and dirty task.

It proves to be quite an interesting demonstration for the instructor to wash the press clean, and come through the process in three minutes with hands scarcely soiled, here grows up somewhat of a ri valry among the groups or individuals to see which can wash the press in the shortest time and with the least muss. In leaving the press, this caution should always be kept in mind; never allow the rollers to remain on the plate or on a form in the press. Rags that have become saturated with benzene and ink should be burned or kept in a closed can.

It is the practice with a great many good printers to leave the ink on the press over night, after thoroughly oiling it with lubricating oil. By thus leaving the rollers covered with this soft, oily coat, the composition is protected from the drying and hardening effects of the air. Of course there are inks which harden in spite of the oil, such as gilts, bronzes, bronze blues, reds, etc. Such inks should not be left on the press longer than necessary.

The next morning, the oily ink is easily removed with a dry cloth. Sometimes, it is well to follow up with a cloth slightly moistened with benzene.

In case ink has been permitted to harden on the rollers, it may be removed by taking the rollers from the press, washing them with moderately strong lye, using a printer’s scrub brush. After the ink is removed, the rollers are thoroughly rinsed in water.

When type has been allowed to remain without the ink having been cleaned off, and the ink has hardened and cemented the type together, it may be loosened and cleaned with lye. Make a strong solution of lye and saturate the mass of type with it. Rub the lye in thoroughly with the scrub brush, leave the lye on the type for two hours and then rinse in water. Keep repeating this process until the type is loosened and cleaned.

When a form has been used and is no longer needed, it is called dead matter and is ready for distribution. To prepare the type for distribution, a sponge is saturated with soapy water and the top of the form thoroughly wet, so that the water makes its way down into the small crevices between the types. If the form is put into a galley, it is placed in the same position as for tying up. Then the printer takes upon a slug the last two, three, or four lines and holds them in his left hand, so that the lines occupy the same position as when in the stick. With the right hand, he picks up one or more words from the right end of the top line. Standing before his case in the same position as when setting type, he spells the words back into the case. It is very important that type be properly distributed, that the letters, characters, and spaces be put into their proper boxes. This is interesting work, and beginners delight in it; besides, it is a work in which considerable skill can quite readily be acquired.

The proper time to rescue a letter from the floor or from a wrong box, into which it has been dropped, is immediately after it has been so misplaced. Leads, slugs, furniture, and rule should be put at once in proper positions into their respective places.

-- Narendra Motwani

Computer Components

2011-07-21T20:05:00.000+05:30

Many people try to build their own computer but they end up due to incomplete knowledge about computer components. Today i am going to post an article on few of the many computer components. here are the minimum components needed to build a computer. The Following are the description about some components.

Computer Case

The computer cases come in many flavours. One would never have problem in buying it. But Choosing the right one is little bit tougher. The main thing about it is that every sees it. It reflects your personality. You can choose it according to your need. For example if you are using your computer for personal use, then a simple one may be correct. If you are using computer for huge office work and entertainment purpose then a big case with roomy space will be suitable. many cases also contains fans to cool the case.

Power Supply

Power supply ranges from 350 watts power supply to 1000 watts power supply. They comes with variety of connections. Old mother board requires 20 pin power supply connection whereas the new motherboards are coming with a 24 pin connection. Now a days power supplies are coming with a 20 pin plus a 4 pin adapter which enables the ability to be used with either 20 pin or 24 pin connection motherboard.

Processors (CPU)

The Processors also known as CPU, Central Processing Unit. They come in 2 main brands, AMD brand and Intel Brand. The processor designed for one type of motherboard do not fit in other motherboard. Each brand has multiple sockets. Processors come as single core , multiple core processors. The added cores helps for multitasking and speeds up the tasks.

Memory

Memory is the easiest way to speed up your computer. Memory upgrading is very easy. just swap the memory modules from the motherboard sockets. Memory modules comes in various sizes and speed. When memory is inserted in the socket, the motherboard auto detects it and starts utilizing it. Memory comes in many types like SDRAM, DDR, DDR2, DDR3.

Hard Drives

They come in many sizes, speed, cache and connection types. They vary in storage capacity. It may be from 10 gigabytes to 2 Terra bytes. They can spin from 5400 rpm to 10000 rpm. 7200 rpm is one of the commonly used hardrive speed. 10000 rpm is used by the gamers and 5400 rpm hard drives are installed in the laptops.

CD/DVD Drives

The CD and DVD drives are needed for installing operating systems and for playing and installing games. Earlier they use to come with only reading option, but now a days they have the ability to write the data on discs. We can burn the disc to save pictures, music and other data. They are not determined by rpm like hard drives. but they are determined on basis of their read and write capabilities. They come with 8x, 16x, 24x speeds. The higher the number, the faster the drive.

Monitors

Monitors comes in variety of brands, options and size. Selection of monitor depends upon several factors according to your needs. For example, if you are using your computer for office work, then a wide screen monitor will be suitable, so that you view multiple documents side by side. Now a days monitors are replaced by the LCDs which comes with variety of sizes and clarity. LEDs are also available in the market.

Graphic Card

If you are a gamer then you know that a good graphic card can make a big difference in how your game looks and how it plays. If you have a sub standard graphic card and play a 3D game with it, then you may notice sluttering in the game play also called as lagging.

Keyboard

In the previous days, there comes to be keyboards with 101 keys, but now a days there are keyboards with many hot keys and also some keyboards contain a lcd screen on the top of it. Wireless keyboards are also available in the market.

Mouse

Gone are the days with PS2 mouse with 2 buttons. Within few years you will no longer see those mouse. because now a days mouse are available in optical standard. They may contain from 2 to 7 buttons. I wonder we need to grow some more fingers to use it. There are also wireless mouse available.

There are many more components that you can add to you computer system to enhance the performance. But the above are the minimum components.

-- Md Rafi

Flush Gallstones Naturally

2011-07-21T19:59:00.000+05:30

Having sharp pain shooting in your upper abdomen?? Unexplainable tenderness, severe pain between your shoulder blades?? Having nausea and vomiting?? Wondering whats wrong with you?? Beware guys!! These are gall stones. But not to worry, you can actually flush out gallstones in less than 24 hours without visiting a doctor or spending precious time and money on hospital visits and surgical treatments.

You need not get tensed or worried about not visting a doctor for a problem as serious as this, as gall stones can be removed without surgery and without even visting a doctor. The easiest way to avoid a doctor for this cause is by following some simple, safe and widely proven home remedies.

Let us first have a look at the symptoms and causes of Gallstones. Main Reasons why Gallstones form. Before we get into the causes of Gallstones formation let us briefly discuss what Gallstones are. Gallstones are solid particles that form from bile in the gallbladder. There are two types of Gallstones:-

1. Cholesterol Stones. 2. Pigment Stones.

Cholesterol Stones form when there is excess cholesterol formation in the bile and Pigment stones are caused due to excess bilurubin formation in the bile.

Causes for Gallstone Formation: Gallstones occur when

1. The amount of cholesterol or bilurubin in the bile is very high.

2. Obesity is one of the main reasons for the formation of Gallstones and women face a higher risk of gallstones than men.

3. Although surprising, latest research has shown that age is another prime factor for Gallstone formation. A person above the age of 50 is more prone to Gallstones.

4. Recent studies indicate that fasting causes the highest risk for Gallstone formation. Fasting causes bile to become over concentrated with cholesterol leading to the formation of Gallstones.

Symptoms of Gallstones:

1. Constant severe pain the upper abdomen is one of the most common symptoms.

2. Pain in the back between the shoulder blades.

3. Severe gastritis leading to indigestion.

4. Nausea and vomiting.

5. Stools appear clay coloured with dark coloured urine.

Natural Remedies to Cure Gallstones: By following some simple, safe, proven remedies once can say goodbye to Gallstones. Some of the main natural remedies are:

1. Citrus fruits help in fighting and removing gallstones as the active ingredient in them is pectin which helps in dissolving the Gallstones and help them effectively pass.

2. Olive oil is known to be the most effective treatment for the removal of Gallstones. Olive oil is heated and gently massaged on the stomach region, the heat is known to penetrate the walls of gall bladder and dissolve the Gallstones and enables elimination through the rectum.

3. Drinking Coffee is also known to reduce and prevent Gallstones from recurring again.

4. Green leafy vegetables also are effective in treating Gallstones.

Apart from the above measures, avoiding junk food and following a healthy diet along with regular exercise helps in keeping you away from Gallstones in the long run.

-- Yaamini Radhakrishnan

FASHION

2011-07-21T19:54:00.000+05:30

Mr.CHALES EVANS, is a founder of the FASHION. And he passed away in manhattan. He was 81 years old. In actual FASHION industry is a product of modren young people. It is part of growing design philosophy and trends of sustainability. And it is developed first in Europe and America. And as of now it is an international and world wide industry.

In thease days FASHION has been a profession and youngester liking to make carrer in this field. It is no. 1 choice of yongestor. There are many web site available on nternet regarding FASHION where you people can get every kind of knowlege revalent FASHION, for example if want to know abt latest FASHION then you can visit fashionandyou.com, fashion4us.com, www.snapdeal.com,makeupandbeauty.com and many more web site are availabe on internet.

The 2011 FASHION trend has a new range of leather apparels today. While, such designer clothes may not seem to be in fashion now. but youngester to love them and following also. There are leather paints FASHION and many other leather apparels has become famous in metro citeis today. and exactly but it is fact that leather apparels has been common for bikers and with the time the demand of leather apparels has increased in the fashion industry. if you want to buy leather apparels then first of all you should see for climatic condition and then choose the leather cloths. You can not pick a short skirt in winter season. Choose such as apparels that can satisfy your interesr.

FASHION stands for.............. Actually FASHION has two meaning

(1) any thing witch comes under trends called as FASHION like style, clothing, and clothing

industry

(2) culture and social trends generally

According to general terms and condition any thing which is very popular by the time called as FASHION though it,s regarding cloths, apparels, men wear, women wear, foot wear, sports, and it can pertain from physics also. and with the help of FASHION show, TV, NEWS PAPER, MOVIES ets.... we can come to know about FASHION.

But in actual FASHION stands for trend-able cloths only. and as of now generation is using this word (FASHION) for every kind of trend-able things. and every country has own FASHION. and it changes with the time. To know better about FASHION you can watch a movie also. movie name is FASHION, directed by MDHUR BHANDARKAR. (Bollywood) A FASHION DESIGNER makes a lot of the FASHION and story decisions with the magazine editor, and makes the cloths, no matter how hard to wear, not only acceptable but delicious.

-- Hasan Ahmad Ansari

GENITIC DIVERSITY - HOW MUCH YOU KNOW??

2011-07-18T16:53:00.000+05:30

Bio-diversity can be defined as “The totality of genes, species and ecosystems of a region”. It is also defined as “Variety of all live forms, the genes they contain and the ecosystems of which they form a part”. Bio-diversity includes three hierarchical levels as ecosystem diversity, species diversity and genetic diversity. But all are intermingled in such a way that practically it is impossible to separate. Bio-diversity can be divided into three parts.

1. Genetic diversity: Part of bio-diversity refers to the total number of genetic characters in the genetic make up of species.

2. Species diversity: species diversity is a index that incorporates the number of species in an area and also their relative abundance.

3. Ecosystem diversity: The diversity of all organisms living in a particular area.

But here Let us know more about the GENETIC DIVERSITY. GENETICS is a word originated from an ancient Greek world genetikos, which mean the origin. It’s a discipline of biology, dealing with genes, heredity and variation in all living organisms. It studies the molecular structure and function of genes of an organism. It studies the inheritance from parent to offspring, and with gene distribution, variation and change in populations. It can be applied to all organisms and plants.

Genetic diversity is the variations of genes within individual species. We have many resemblances with our parents yet are not identical to them. The mechanism by which characters are passed from parent to offspring is called heredity where as the differences observed among the organisms are called variations. The detailed study of mechanism of heredity and variations is called genetics.

The genes are the fundamental units of heredity which are carried on the chromosomes as nucleoprotein complexes. These genes are blueprint of all organisms including man. Chemically all genes are specific segments of poly-nucleotide chain DNA which is made up of 4 nucleotide bases adenine(A), guanine(G), cytosine(C) and thymine(T).

ATGC are the alphabets with which the whole living world is written. All forms on earth whether microbes, plants, animals and human beings contain genes. Genetic diversity is the sum of genetic information contained in the genes of individual plants, animals and micro-organisms. Each species is the store house of an immense amount of genetic information in the form of characters. For eg: Basmati rice variety, one with bigger grain size and another with smaller grain size is due to genetic diversity of the genes.

The genetic diversity enables a population to adapt to its environment and respond to natural selection. Greater the genetic diversity found in a species, higher is the adaptive value to the changed environment conditions. Lower genetic diversity lead to uniformity that n=may show specialization to a particular environment is always a disadvantage. The amount of genetic variation is the basis of speciation.

Speciation plays a key role in maintaining the diversity at both species and community level. Genetic diversity within a species increases the environmental variability. Genetic diversity plays a role in the agriculture, horticulture, forestry and dairy. There are many varieties or rice ORYZA sativa has more than 70000 varieties.

List of different agricultural plants. As per New Delhi National plant genetic resource department

SL.NO GROUP NO. OF VARIETIES

1 RICE 6,200

2 WHEAT 1,400

3 OAT 1000

4 MAIZE 500

5 BARLY 700

6 JAWAR 915

7 BENGAL GRAM 816

8 PEA 1,825

9 GREEN GRAM 1,367

10 BLACK GRAM 1,414

11 TOMATO 1,750

12 ONION 1,091

13 APPLE 12

14 POMEGRANATE 49

15 GARLIC 680

16 CHILLIES 195

17 BRINJAL 821

18 SUGERCANE 800

19 COTTON 200

20 BAJRA 2,690

With the advance of science, man has developed many techniques. In the field of biodiversity also he has his hand. Biotechnology is one such technique.

WHAT IS BIO TECHNOLOGY???

Biotechnology may be defined as ‘The application of biological organisms, systems or processes to manufacturing and service industries’.

USES:

1. Protoplast culture plant protoplasts have the unique ability to take the micro and macro molecules like proteins, DNA, chromosomes etc. This remarkable property has been utilized for the incorporation of desired traits into plants for obtaining ‘transferred’ or ‘novel varieties’ from wild ones.

2. The genetic engineers and tissue culturists have made sincere effects in developing high yielding varieties of wheat and rice varieties. Cross breeding between many crop varieties and their wild relatives made it possible to obtain high yielding hybrids, which are also resistant to disease and drought.

3. Genes responsible for pest resistance, high yielding and disease resistance have been identified, isolated and successfully incorporated into bacteria(Agro bacterium for Agro bacterium plasmic) to create recombinant DNA molecules. These molecules are then transferred back into eukaryotic plant cells in cultures from which multiple copies of new plants which are pest or disease resistant and high yielding are got and grown. By fusing cells of tomato plant with that of potato plant, hybrid ‘pomato’ (potato+tomato) plants have been produced.

4. The artificial seed technology is a rapidly expanding out of the biotechnology research. Here some somatic embryos are obtained through tissue culture. Somatic embryogenesis is an important step in the production of artificial seeds. Somatic embryogenesis has been reported in a wide variety of plants including crop plants such as rice, wheat, maize, sorghum, millet, soybean, coffee, tobacco, tea, cotton, etc. Norman E. Borlang is called the “father of Green Revolution in the world”. He introduced Mexican high yielding wheat varieties Sonara 64 using UV radiations and Gamma rays. Harberlandt (1902), agerman botanist was the first to introduce plant tissue culture method. He is called the “Father of plant Tissue culture”

5. Sophisticated biotechnological tissue culture methods can be used to make many copies elite forest tree species and to transplant them to quickly re- vegetate the denuded land and regenerate forest areas. The M.S .Swaminathan research Foundation, Chennai has rehabilitated mangrove forests in this manner.

HISTORY

Gregor Jhon Mendal (July 20, 1822-january 6, 1884) discovered the laws of heredity. His famous hybridization experiments with garden pea and the conclusions constitute the foundation of modern genetics. For his contribution, he is called the father of genetics. He was an Austrian Augustinian monk and scientist. He had born on july 20 1822. He was the son of Anton and Rosy Mendal. In his childhood he worked as a Gardner. He learnt bee-keeping. He studied at philosophical institute of university of Olomouc, university of Vienna. He worked as a physics teacher in 1853.

Experiments on plants:

He was inspired by his professors and colleagues to study the variation in plants. He selected pea plants for his study. He cultivated and tested some 29,000 plants. The result was one in four pea plants had pure bread recessive alleles, two are hybrid and one was dominant. His experiments led him to conclude the law of segregation and law of independent assortment, which later become the “MENDAL LAW OF INHERITANCE”.

So like this the bio diversity aroused in a wonderful way by getting new new things and challenged the nature and its creations.

-- TRILOK

BE WHAT YOU ARE

2011-07-18T16:46:00.000+05:30

‘My son is a ENGINEER’

‘My daughter is a DOCTOR’

This was the same dialogue we frequently listen from the MODERN parents. But no one likes to say he is a school teacher, he is an artist or he is a taxi driver.. Because they know what are the values of these.. once they did that job and now they want their children to be somewhat more then them. It happens naturally. But the question arises is ‘only the doctors and engineers living in this society??’ Surely its impossible.

We need everybody, we need drivers, teachers, carpenters, welders, butchers like that on our final day we need under takers. Can only engineers and doctors do all these jobs? NO. So it is clear that the society needs everybody. Poor people who cant afford a quality education, will hardly come up with what they learnt (many people cant do it too). so they must satisfy with what they deserve. They must choose a job from the list that left by the rich and live on with what they got. Their parents are unable to BUY the job as the rich ones. So they make their children’s feature with what they have.

Next coming to the fact with rich, they think that they can do anything with the money they have. They never want to know what is there in their son/daughters’ mind. The parents try to live their lives. They simply orders them what they want and make the children obey. They make their children, dream the dreams that they want. There is no way for the children other than that. So they become an engineer or a doctor as their parent’s wish. And live their whole life with dissatisfaction.

Here, parents are doing the things out of their love on their children. But they goes wrong with the way they should do it. The care they took will make their children go sick and affects them hazardously. It will surely show the after effects. Therefore parents should always take care of these things.

It is not important the what job a man has, it is very much important a that how successful he is with that job. He must do his job accurately. Then he will be the idle for others. What is the use if he is not interested in that and still doing the same thing? It will affects him and his work. So the people should do the things in what they are interested. It makes them happy and creates a happy environment aroun them. The same happiness is important for the parents too. thats what they like to share with their children.

So never change yourself for any thing. “BE WHAT YOU ARE”...

-- TRILOK

Computers

2011-07-18T16:42:00.000+05:30

We use computers every day but do we truly know its history and all the accessories which is being used in it . computer is not a new thing it was discovered many years ago the changes that have taken place in them is of size and new features in it . firstly it used to be big size more that a size of a normal room but now days we have moved towards tablet pcs which just fit to our palm .

Firstly those big computers used to have very small memory to store data but now days we can store gallons of data in just a small chip and which is of no cost . these chips are oftenly made up of ferrous magnetite which can store many sort of data . main part computer is motherboard which consist of microprocessor and other part of computer is also connected to it . main acessioires of computers are divides into input device and output device . a normal computer consist of a keyboard a monitor a central processing unit , a mouse , and also speake rs . each device has its own functions . the device which gives us output are known as output device example of output device are monitor , speaker , printer , etc and the device which gives input data to computer are known as input device examples of input devices are keyboard , mouse , scanner , etc .

Now let us see functions of each device:

1) mouse : mouse is a pointer which can be seen on the screen of monitor which is used to select the given files and folders and to perform various other functions .

2) keyboard : keyboard is used to type the data and give an input to the computer it consist of alphabets , numerical , and many other function keys like Ctrl , alt and many more .

3) speakers : when we play music or perform some work sound is heard by us that comes from speakers .

4) printer : when we type a data in computer it is saved so that is called a soft copy and if we want that written data on a paper we use printer to get that copy and such a copy is known as hard copy . so a printer is used to obtain a hard copy of data . some of advanced printers are used to obtain images and colored copies also.

5) scanners : it is a revers function of printers , if we are having a hard copy of some data and we want it in out computer so we use scanner which converts hard copy into soft co py . these are some of functions of basic devices.

-- Yash notani

BROKEN LOCK

2011-07-18T16:36:00.000+05:30

I am a student of JNV studied there for full & years and this is one of the sweetest memories of my JNV life.

‘O.k. kiss me once’ I said. I stood behind the wall, where the aqua guard was placed. The same place I used to meet her in games period. Now it was not the time to play, but we are playing, while her innocent mother was sat in multi-purpose hall and watching the annual day celebration of the year 2010-11.

Once I looked at her, she stood like a statue and kept staring into my eyes. I failed to keep my eyes steady on her face. I closed my face with my hands because of the last words that slipped out of my boneless tongue. I shouldn’t have asked that. I was a boy who just spent SEVENTEEN years on this earth and she, minus three FOURTEEN. Both are TEEN but I can’t resist the pressures inside. Now what she may think of about me? What would she do now? Would she go back to M.P hall and……

‘How can I do that if you stood there’ she said ‘come here and ask’

She was right.

I stood tow steps away.

Hey leave it, what did she said just now???

I can’t believe it with my ears. Whether she agreed? No not fully, just called me. What would she do when I got there? What if she “slaps me hardly on the face” as bio madam used to say? I moved a little, little, little. Now both of us stood a few inches away. My legs started moving unmitigatablly as I am having an ice bath. I looked into her eyes, she looked into mine. But suddenly I felt some movement below my waist. I know what it was I must control it otherwise everything may spoil. So I stepped back again.

But she didn’t call me now. She herself came nearer. It was clear to me that she didn’t observe the MOVEMENTS as she still looking at me puzzled. Her face was very near to my face. The former distance was reduced a lot. She was a bit shorter than me. So I could feel her hot breathe near my neck. I can’t face her sharp look so I turned away. But she slowly pointed her index finger and gently moved my face bock to its original position. Again my face was facing her face. But this time she didn’t gave me a chance to turn away. She held my head between her palms and slowly lifted her heels to touch her rosy lips to my fore head.

Wow She kissed me.. She kissed me..

I wanted to shout.

One

Two

Three

Yeah, full three seconds. And my whole body got frozen as in movies. No I am confused; it was getting hotter and hotter as she started to het it with her eyes again. The body temperature varied a lot within seconds. It’s a wonder for the science. But I was still stood shocked. It was the first time when a opposite sexed friend kissed me. A lot of such thoughts started to hammer in my whole body.

She laughed. I looked at her, into her beautiful eyes in which I was reflected back. ‘Now it’s your turn’ she reminded me. I expected that. So I was ready for it. I smiled at her and wiped my lips with the tongue to get more impression. Now they are ready to shot a hot kiss out of it. I slowly sent them near her broad forehead. On the way my eyes saw her face smiling, eyes closed and excited. It was a first kiss for her I bet. My lips kept moving and finally reached their destination. They landed safely covering approximately 6cm of her forehead above the kunkum. It was there for five seconds, and busted open there itself. She pushed me back with a questioning face ‘what are you trying to do there??’

‘Sorry’ I said with a little smile, looking at her forehead. It was wet. I am sure it was me who did it. But she didn’t wipe it out. ‘This is too much’ she said seriously ‘and you must be punished for this’. What would she do now? Before that what should I do now? ‘Sorry’ I said again.

This time she smiled coldly at me. ‘Now‘she said ‘I will do it here’ I got the naughtiness in her voice. I looked at her hands. They moved slowly upwards till they touch my lips which were still wet, due to my first kiss. I saw her with wonder. I can’t believe what was happening around me. Any way its happening so I believed it.

‘Shall I do it?’ she asked eagerly. She asked but didn’t wait for my reply. She placed her hands again on my cheeks and moved towards me. I felt as she got hold my brain too because I moved like a machine under her control. Again we saw each other as she started to reduce the distance between our lips. The count down began.

10cm

5cm

3cm

2cm

1cm

0.5cm

“0”

Over..

A 1000V current started to flow inside me. We heard a big sound of claps from the M.P.Hall. I didn’t try to think for what it was.

It’s really HOT! It got some more warmer within some seconds. She opened her lips and moved her tongue out. She knocked my lips with that and got the entry. It was so sweet. Both the doors are opened. We got in each other’s doors and searched for the new things there. We exchanged the honey that stored there since our birth for this grand celebration. I myself got into her and she did the same. Though I closed my eyes I could saw her eyes closed too. My hands holding her cheeks, I don’t know when they got there. Now we slowly tilted our heads in opposite direction. Me to left and she to right and vice-versa. We remained in the same position for so much time. Hours I thought, but both of us didn’t wants to leave each other. Our lips locked FOREVER.

But suddenly she did it. She broke the lock and started to give gentle slaps on my cheeks and kept slapping.. slapping.. slapping. I didn’t understand what she was doing. She started slapping harder and harder I opened my mouth to ask her ‘what is this?’ but before I speak she shouted “GET UP TRILOK”. I realized it was not her voice, but what happened to her voice and from where should I get up? I wanted to ask, but soon I got the situation. I am not at all standing but laying somewhere. The very next moment I got a clear picture that clears all my doubts. I am on the cot in our own dormitory.

‘This is too much, shall I go now?’ the voice said again. It doesn’t took much time to get who it was, ITS PAVAN. I slowly opened my eyes and got shocked. No, NO lips, NO girl, NO classrooms, nothing. I was laying on my bed and Pavan sat besides me. I smiled at him. He smiled at me but his hand slapped me hardly on the right cheek. It was enough for me to come into the real world. ‘Dreaming ah?’ he asked.

I didn’t say anything, I jumped out of my bed and went towards the bath room. Every one are in hurry as they getting ready for the annual day functions. I entered the bathroom to brush my teeth. Before touching the water I touched my smiling lips… I was surprised. “THEY WERE WET”.

-- TRILOK

DHONI.... always SHINEY

2011-07-18T16:29:00.000+05:30

INDIA won the first T-20 world cup.

INDIA won the world cup 2011.

Teams are different but the captain is same.

That is DHONI...

So it is clear that whichever may be the team, Dhoni is a winning captain. not only these cups, he won IPL cups, and a champion league cup too. Every where Dhoni is shining.

There is no doubt in that, he is the most successful captain the world ever seen. He reformed the glory of the nation. Today all other teams are worried to play against India. West Indies is the legend of cricket. But the dhoni's team beat them in their own pitches. In test cricket India is number 1 team. Though Dhoni is unsuccessful with his batting, he played in the pressures.World cup final is the best example for that. No Sachin, no Sehwag helped India that day. as a captain Dhoni played his game. That's important for a player.

People say that he is a "LUCKY CHAMP" there is a little bit of truth in that. Because Indian team won several cups after his arrival. India did very well when Dhoni is behind the stumps. Dhoni is the match winner in most of the matches in the beginning. But after becoming a captain he handled his bat carefully. So the runs flowing from his bat slowed down. The same thing happened with all of the batsman captains. So it is clear that there is nothing wrong with dhoni.

There are several rumors that Dhoni is taking the credits of the team. We cant say NO, Yes he took, he just guided them, he just inspired them, he motivated them, so they performed well. Then naturally the credits should go to the captain. It is true for all the teams. We always said, Kapil Dev's team won the first world cup for India, Ponting's team won the hat-trick world cup,like that now also we are saying Dhoni's boys won the cup.

Becoming a captain is not great, but leading the team is important. Even Sachin, Sehwg, Dravid failed with that. It is sure that they are brave soldiers, but they cant lead the armY, but Kapil did it, Sourav did it, and Dhoni is doing it. so let us wish them to take our country into greater heights.

HATS OF YOU DHONI

We love you

-- Trilok