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2010-07-31T03:39:00.007+03:00

TOEFL

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The TOEFL® iBT: Improving Your Speaking Skills

2010-07-31T03:32:00.000+03:00

The TOEFL® iBT: Improving Your Speaking Skills

Advice for Speaking
Skill: Speaking about Familiar Topics
Performance Level: Weak
Score Range: 0 – 9

Take a conversation class. This will help you improve your fluency and pronunciation in English.
Develop friendships with people who want to speak English with you. If you can't find a native English speaker, find a friend who wants to practice speaking English and promise to speak only English for a certain period of time.
Record yourself speaking in English.
- Read a simple paragraph and record your voice. Ask a teacher to give you feedback on the recording.
- Listen to something spoken by a native English speaker. Record yourself repeating the same information, and compare the two.
Practice speaking for a limited time on different topics without a lot of preparation.
- Write down several questions about various topics.
  - your family
  - your hobbies
  - your friends
  - your school
  Select a question and answer it aloud.
- Ask a friend to give you topics and record yourself discussing them. Ask someone to listen with you and suggest ways for you to improve.
- Think of a story that you are familiar with. Tell the story to several different people. Try to tell the story faster each time.
Use books that come with audio recordings to study pronunciation, stress, and intonation in English.

The TOEFL® iBT: Improving Your Listening Skills

2010-07-31T02:40:00.001+03:00

The TOEFL® iBT: Improving Your Listening Skills
Advice for Listening
Performance Level: Low
Score Range: 0 – 14
1. Practice listening to something in English every day and gradually increase the amount of time that you listen.
o Listen to different kinds of materials.
 Listen actively. Try to answer the "wh" questions.
 who
 what
 when
 where
 why
 how
 Listen passively to get the general idea of what's being said.
o Keep a listening log (a list of everything you listen to each day/week).
 Write a one-sentence summary to remember the main idea of what you heard.
 Write down new expressions, idioms, and vocabulary that you hear.
o Use dictations and other exercises to help your listening ability.
 Ask an English speaker to dictate an article to you. Good sources of material are newspapers, magazines, and textbooks.
 First, write down exactly what you hear
 Then only take notes on the important points that you hear
 Do information gap exercises, using unfamiliar content and complex structures.
2. Use the resources in your community to practice listening to English.
o Visit places in your community where you can practice listening to English.
 If possible, enroll in an English class.
 Go to a museum and take an audio tour in English.
 Follow a guided tour in English in your city.
 Call or visit a hotel where tourists stay and get information in English about room rates, hotel availability, or hotel facilities.
 Call and listen to information recorded in English, such as a movie schedule, a weather report, or information about an airplane flight.
o Watch or listen to programs recorded in English.
 Watch television programs.
 CNN, the Discovery Channel, or National Geographic
 Watch movies, soap operas, or situation comedies on television
 Do this with a friend and talk about the program together
 Rent videos (turn off the captions!) or go to a movie in English.
 Listen to a book on tape in English.
 Listen to music in English and then check your accuracy by finding the lyrics on the Internet (e.g., www.lyrics.com).
 Listen to English language recordings that come with a transcript. Listen to each recording at least three times.
 The first time, take notes about the main ideas you hear.
 The second time, read the transcript and listen for the ideas you wrote down.
 The third time, write down any words and phrases that you didn’t understand and look them up.
o Go to Internet sites to practice listening.
 National Public Radio (www.npr.org)
 CBS News (www.cbsnews.com)
 Randall’s Cyber Listening Lab (www.esl-lab.com)
 BBC World Service.com Learning English (www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/learningenglish)
o Practice speaking English with others.
 Exchange language lessons with an English speaker who wants to learn your language.
3. Begin to prepare for academic situations.
o Visit academic classes in English.
o Record lectures or presentations and replay them several times.
 Listen to short sections several times until you understand the main points and the flow of ideas.
 Stop the recording in the middle and predict what will come next.
o Become familiar with the organization or structure of academic lectures.
 Pay attention to the difference between main ideas and details presented.
 Listen for the general (main) ideas
 Pay attention to details
 facts
 examples
 opinions
 Pay attention to the structure.
 lecture or presentation — introduction, body, and conclusion
 narrative story — beginning, middle, and end
 Learn to recognize different styles of organization.
 theory and evidence
 cause and effect
 steps of a process
 comparison of two things
o Think carefully about the purpose of the lecture.
 Try to answer the question, "What is the professor trying to accomplish in this lecture?"
 Write down only the information that you hear. Be careful not to interpret information based on your personal understanding or knowledge of the topic.
o Take notes while you listen to a talk or lecture. This will help you identify the main ideas of the talk.
 Practice doing simple dictations to work on your ability to listen and write at the same time.
 Work with a partner. Listen to a talk and take notes individually.
 Compare your notes with your partner’s and check for differences (and similarities)
 Use your notes to tell your partner what you heard
 Use your notes to write an outline or summary.
 Gradually increase the length of the talks (and your summaries).
4. Listen for signals that will help you understand the organization of a talk, connections between ideas, and the importance of ideas.
o Listen for expressions and vocabulary that tell you the type of information being given.
 Think carefully about the type of information that these phrases show.
 opinion (I think, It appears that, It is thought that)
 theory (In theory)
 inference (therefore, then)
 negatives (not, words that begin with "un," "non," "dis" "a")
 fillers (non-essential information) (uh, er, um)
 Identify digressions (discussion of a different topic from the main topic) or jokes that are not important to the main lecture. [It’s okay not to understand these!]
o Listen for signal words or phrases that connect ideas in order to recognize the relationship between ideas.
 Think carefully about the connection between ideas that these words show.
 reasons (because, since)
 results (as a result, so, therefore, thus, consequently)
 examples (for example, such as)
 comparisons (in contrast, than)
 an opposing idea (on the other hand, however)
 another idea (furthermore, moreover, besides)
 a similar idea (similarly, likewise)
 restatements of information (in other words, that is)
 conclusions (in conclusion, in summary)
 Pay attention to the connections between examples.
 When you hear two details, identify the relationship between them
 Write a sentence connecting the examples using the appropriate connecting word
o Pay attention to intonation and other ways that speakers indicate that information is important.
 Important key words are often
 repeated
 paraphrased (repeated information but using different words)
 said louder and clearer
 stressed
 Pay attention to body language and intonation patterns used to express different emotions.
 Emotions are often expressed through changes in intonation or stress
 Facial expressions or word choices can indicate excitement, anger, happiness, or frustration
 Listen for pauses between important points.
 During a lecture, pay attention to words that are written on the board.
 Listen for numbers that you might hear in prices, times, or addresses
 Listen for verbs and other expressions that show if an event is happening in the past, present, or future
Note: References to other sources and Internet sites are provided as a service and should not be understood as endorsements of their content.

كل ماتحب معرفته عن اختبار الــتويفل

2010-07-31T02:25:00.002+03:00

الامتحان بيركز على اربع مهارات ومقسم لاربع اقسام

Reading-Writing-listening-speaking

لكى تستطيع النجاح فى قسم القراءة اتبع النصائح التالية

The TOEFL® iBT: Improving Your Reading Skills
Advice for Reading
Performance Level: Low
Score Range: 0 – 14

1. Read as much and as often as possible in English.
* Read texts on a variety of topics.
o Read both academic and non-academic materials.
o Read about subjects that interest you and that DON'T interest you.
* Write basic questions to test your understanding of a text.
o Write questions and answers about the first paragraph. Then guess what might be discussed in the next paragraph.
* Use your knowledge of grammar to understand difficult sections of a passage.
o Think carefully about the relationship between independent and dependent clauses.
o Look for words that refer back to some information given in a previous section of the text.
+ Look at pronouns and find the nouns that they refer to
+ Look at relative pronouns (who, that, which, whom, whose) used in adjective clauses (for example, The student whose classmates are taking the TOEFL® test....) and find the nouns they refer to
* Work with a reading partner. Read different newspaper or magazine articles.
o Write questions about the articles you read.
o Exchange articles with your partner and try to answer your partner's questions.
2. Continually expand your vocabulary knowledge.
* It is important to increase your vocabulary on many subjects because you will have to read about various topics at the university.
o Review lists of terms used in academic textbooks.
* Make a plan for studying new words.
o Write a new word on one side of a card and the definition on the back.
+ Write the sentence you saw the word in to help you learn correct usage
+ Study the words often and always mix up the cards
o Group the words by topic or meaning. Study the words as a list of related words.
o Study vocabulary by making a list of opposites (words with different meanings) and synonyms (words with similar meanings)
+ opposites (relevant-irrelevant; abstract-concrete)
+ synonyms (excellent, outstanding, superb)
o Review the new words on a regular basis so that you remember them.
* Expand your vocabulary by analyzing the parts of a word. This will help you understand some unknown words that you see.
o Study roots (a part of a word that other parts are attached to)
+ -spect- (look at)
+ -dict- (say)
o Study prefixes (a part of word attached to the beginning of a word)
+ in- (into)
+ pre- (before)
o Study suffixes (part of a word attached at the end of the word)
+ -tion (inspection)
+ -able (predictable)
o Study word families (the noun, verb, adjective, or adverb forms of related words)
+ enjoyment (noun)
+ enjoy (verb)
+ enjoyable (adjective)
+ enjoyably (adverb)
* Use the context to guess the meaning of unknown words.
o Notice when difficult terms are defined in the text.
o Look for examples with an explanation of the meaning of a word.
o Look at the other words and structures around an unknown word to try to understand it.
* Use resources to help you study vocabulary.
o Use an English-English dictionary to learn correct meaning and word usage.
o Get calendars that teach a new word each day or websites that will send you an e-mail with a new word each day.
o Study the vocabulary you find on university websites that give information about the university and the faculty teaching at the school.
* Practice correct usage by making sentences with new words. This will also help you remember both the meaning and the correct usage of the words.
o Have a teacher check your sentences.
o Review the new words on a regular basis so that you remember them.
3. Study the organization of academic texts and overall structure of a reading passage.
* Read an entire passage from beginning to end.
o Look for the main ideas of the article.
o Look for the supporting details.
+ Pay attention to the relationship between the details and main ideas
* Learn to recognize the different styles of organization that you find in articles in English in order to understand the way an article is structured
o Pay attention to the connecting words/transitions used for specific relationships.
+ steps (first, second, next, finally)
+ reasons (because, since)
+ results (as a result, so, therefore)
+ examples (for example, such as)
+ comparisons (in contrast, on the other hand)
+ restatements of information (in other words, that is)
+ conclusions (in conclusion, in summary)
* Outline a text to test your understanding of the structure of a reading passage.
o Begin by grouping paragraphs that address the same concept.
+ Look for ways that main ideas in one paragraph relate to the main points of the next paragraph
+ Write one sentence summarizing the paragraphs that discuss the same idea
o Look at connections between sentences.
+ Look at how the end of one sentence relates to the beginning of the next sentence
+ Think about the connection between the ideas of the two sentences
+ Combine the sentences using appropriate transitions words to show the relationship between ideas
* Write a summary of the entire passage.

Grammar/Past simple

2010-06-30T04:11:00.002+03:00

هل تجد حفظ الكلمات الجديدة صعب ؟ اليك الحل

2010-06-26T15:57:00.004+03:00

Learning new vocabulary is easy. Remembering new vocabulary is much more difficult. This is what my students tell me all the time.

Experts who study memory say that we need to hear or see or use a new word at least 50 times before we can actually “own” the word ourselves. So here’s some tips to help you remember the new English words that you learn:

Tip #1

Write your new words on sticky notes and put them in prominent places in your house or office – next to the bathroom mirror, on the refrigerator or kitchen cabinets, or on your computer monitor or locker at work. This way you will see the words frequently and improve your ability to keep them in your memory.

Tip #2

Write your new words in a notebook and review them for 5 minutes every day until you have mastered the words.

Tip #3

Make flashcards for your new words and study them every day until you have mastered the words.

Tip #4

Take 3 or 4 new words and try to write a sentence or paragraph that includes all of them and still makes sense. This is what’s called a “holistic” approach to learning vocabulary because it requires that you use your whole brain, and this helps you to remember the words.

Tip #5

Experts say that we store words in “schema” structures. For example, in our schema for “restaurant,” we store a multitude of words, like: table, waitress, waiter, cook, food, chair, menu, check, tip, etc. In our schema for hospitals, we store words like: doctor, nurse, bed, surgery, needle, medicine, pills, etc. So put your new vocabulary words into schemas, and you will have an easier time remembering them.ترجمة جوجل

تعلم المفردات الجديدة سيكون أمرا سهلا. تذكر المفردات الجديدة هو أكثر صعوبة بكثير. هذا ما يقول لي طلابي في كل وقت.

الخبراء الذين الذاكرة الدراسة أن أقول إننا بحاجة إلى سماع أو رؤية أو استخدام كلمة جديدة لا يقل عن 50 مرات قبل أن نتمكن فعلا "تملك" كلمة أنفسنا. حتى هنا بعض النصائح لمساعدتك على تذكر الكلمات الجديدة أن تتعلم اللغة الإنجليزية :

نصيحة # 1

أكتب لكم كلمات جديدة على ملاحظات لاصقة ووضعها في أماكن بارزة في منزلك أو مكتبك -- بجوار مرآة الحمام ، وعلى الثلاجة أو خزائن المطبخ ، أو على شاشة الكمبيوتر أو خزانة في مكان العمل. بهذه الطريقة سوف ترى في كثير من الأحيان على الكلمات وتحسين قدرتك على الاحتفاظ بها في ذاكرتك.

نصيحة رقم 2

أكتب لكم كلمات جديدة في دفتر ملاحظات وإعادة النظر فيها لمدة 5 دقائق كل يوم حتى يكون لديك يتقن الكلمات.

نصيحة رقم 3

جعل البطاقات التعليمية لكلماتك الجديدة ودراستها كل يوم حتى يكون لديك يتقن الكلمات.

نصيحة رقم 4

يستغرق 3 أو 4 كلمات جديدة ومحاولة لكتابة الجملة أو الفقرة التي تتضمن كل منها ويجعل من لا يزال الشعور. هذا هو ما يسمى "كلي" نهج لتعلم المفردات لأنها تتطلب أن تستخدم عقلك كله ، وهذا يساعدك على تذكر الكلمات.

نصيحة رقم 5

ويقول الخبراء ان نقوم بتخزين الكلمات في "هياكل" المخطط. على سبيل المثال ، في مخطط لدينا "مطعم" نقوم بتخزين عدد وافر من الكلمات ، مثل : طاولة ، نادلة ، نادل ، طبخ ، الطعام ، كرسي ، والقائمة ، والتحقق ، معلومات سرية ، وما إلى ذلك في مخطط لدينا مخزن للمستشفيات ونحن ، كلمات مثل : طبيب ، وممرضة ، والسرير ، والجراحة ، والإبرة ، والطب ، والحبوب ، وما إلى ذلك وضعت لذلك كلماتك مفردات جديدة في المخططات ، وسوف يكون لها الوقت الأسهل تذكر لهم.

2010-06-17T00:47:00.002+03:00

- تعريف علم الصوتيات وكونه أ حد فروع علم اللغة

علم الصوتيات : هو العلم الذى يتناول دراسةالأصوات البشرية دراسة علمية من
جوانب مختلفة ومتكاملة بدءًا من خروج الصوت من الممر الصوتى
وانتهاءً بوصول الصوت إلى الأذن ثم المخ فيُسمع ويُدرَك

ويُعَد علم الصوتيات
أحد فروع علم اللغة والتى تتطرق إلى العديد من
الفروع ( العلوم المختلفه مثل علم النحو Syntax وعلم
الصرف Morphology وعلم
المعنى Semantics وغيرها
من العلوم )

ولكنه يعتبر الأهم من
بين هذه العلوم نظراً لإهتمامه بدراسة الأصوات البشرية والتى تُعَد الجانب
الظاهر للغة والشكل الخارجى الذى نعبر به عما يدور فى أذهاننا من أفكار
فالأصوات تُعَد وسيلة
التواصل الأولى لبنى البشر

2 -الأصوات البشرية وأنواعها

الصوت : هو
أصغر وحدة كلامية ( فعندما نتكلم نتفوه بالعديد من سلاسل الأصوات

المتشابكة التى تتحد لتكون الكلمات والتى بدورها تتحد لتكون الجمل ومِن ثَم الكلام)

ويمكن تقسيم الأصوات البشرية إلى نوعين رءيسيين وهما: الاصوات البشرية

صوامت

CONSONANTS

صوائت

VOWELS

فالصوائت : هى الأصوات التى تخرج من الجهاز الصوتى
والتى تفتقد وجود أى إعتراض من

قِبَل أعضاء النطق سواء بالغلق
أو بالتضييق أثناء نطقها وهى تتمثل فى لغتنا العربية

كحركة قصيرة أو ما
تسمى ب SHORT
VOWEL

أو كحركة طويلة أو ما
تسمى ب LONG
VOWEL

مثلاً:

عند نطق صوت ا لألف
المد ( الحركة الطويلة ) فى كلمة مثل كلمة باب سنلاحظ خروج
الهواء بسلام من داخل الممر الصوتى إلى الخارج دون أدنى إعاقة أو تضييق

وعلى الصعيد الأخر نجد النقيض

فالصوامت : تتسم بوجودإعتراض للهواء عند خروج الصوت من الممر الصوتى من قِبَل أعضاء

النطق سواء
كانت هذه الإعاقه إما بالغلق التام فتكون عندئذٍا لإعاقة تامة(مثل نطق صوت الباءوالذى يتميز بغلق تام للشفتين عند نطقه فتحدث الإعاقة الكاملة)

وإما بالتضييق فتكون
عندئذٍ الإعاقة غير تامة(مثل صوت السين الذى
يتسم بالتضييق الذى يحدث بين عضوى نطقه)

ويوجد نوعٌ ثالثٌ من الأصوات وهى التى لايمكن تصنيفها كصوامت ولا يمكن تصنيفها
كصوائت

وهذه الأصوات هى ما تسمى بأشباه الصوائت أو أنصاف الحركات

أو ( Semi-Vowels)

وهى تلك الأصوات التى تبدأ أعضاء النطق بها من منطقة حركة من الحركات

(أى تبدأ عند نطقها كنطق حركة من الحركات)

ولكنها تنتقل من هذا الموضع بسرعة ملحوظة إلى موضع حركة أخرى

ولأجل هذه الطبيعه الإنتقالية أو الإنزلاقية

عُدَّت هذه الأصوات كاأشباه صوائت وليست كصوائت خالصة

مثلاً: صوتى الياء والواو فى اللغه العربية يتم تصنيفهم كاأشباه صوائت

ويُلاحَظ إختلاف نطق هذه الاصوات فى اللغة على حسب مستوياتها

فمثلاً:

فى كلمة "بيت"

عند نطقها بالفصحى تُنطَق الياء فى هذه الكلمة كشبه صائت

ولكن عند نطقها بالعامية تنطق الياء فيها كصائت ( حركة طويلة)

3 - تَفَرُّع علم الصوتيات إلى ثلاثة علوم أساسية

علم الصوتيات
الفسيولوجى (الوظائفى أو النطقى)

Physiological / Articulatory Phonetics

يهتم بدراسة عملية إنتاج الأصوات ورصد تحركات أعضاء الكلام المختلفة أثناء النطق داخل

الجهاز الصوتى

Organs Of Speech

2010-06-16T17:02:00.005+03:00

1-Lips
2-Teeth
3-Alveolar ridge, convex part of the mouth,
immediately behind the teeth

4-Hard palate, concave part of the roof of
the mouth

5-Soft palate in lowered position

6- Uvula, the loose hanging end of the soft

7-Pharynx
8- the tip of the tongue, the part opposite the
teeth ridge

9-Blade of the tongue

10-Front of the tongue, the part opposite the
hard palate

11-Back of the tongue, the part opposite the
soft palate

12-Epiglottis; this is drawn over the
windpipe when swallowing

13-Windpipe
14-Food passage

15- Vocal cords

2009-10-17T04:32:00.007+02:00

هــذه بعــض المواقــع المهتمــة باللغــات

أتمنــى للجميــع التوفيــق وإكتســاب الفائــدة

موقع لاختبارات التويفل اكثر من رائع

http://www.examenglish.com/TOEFL/index.php

موقع لشرح القواعد الانجليزية

http://www.enchantedlearning.com/grammar/

موقع هدية

http://www.ego4u.com

موقع لتعليم اللغة الانجليزية للصغار اكثر من رائع يشمل نطق وكتابة وقراءة

www.literacycenter.net

مواقع لتعلم قواعد اللغة الانجليزية

http://www.english-the-easy-way.com/index.htm

http://www.usingenglish.com/glossary/auxiliary-verb.html

Grammar games

www.eltgames.com

موقع تعليمى رائع بس بالانجليزى

www.oup.com

موقع تختبر فيه نفسك مع تدريبات تفاعلى وجميل اوى Quizes

http://www.manythings.org/fq/

English Grammar in use 3rd Edition+CD

2009-10-10T04:34:00.000+02:00

Download

English Grammar in use 3rd Edition+CD

First part
Second
Third
Fourth
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The last one

English is easy to write,read,talk 4 all

Main Page

The TOEFL® iBT: Improving Your Speaking Skills

The TOEFL® iBT: Improving Your Speaking Skills

Advice for SpeakingSkill: Speaking about Familiar TopicsPerformance Level: WeakScore Range: 0 – 9

The TOEFL® iBT: Improving Your Listening Skills

كل ماتحب معرفته عن اختبار الــتويفل

Grammar/Past simple

هل تجد حفظ الكلمات الجديدة صعب ؟ اليك الحل

Organs Of Speech

موقع لشرح القواعد الانجليزية

www.literacycenter.net

Grammar gameswww.eltgames.com

English Grammar in use 3rd Edition+CD

English Grammar in use 3rd Edition+CD

Advice for Speaking
Skill: Speaking about Familiar Topics
Performance Level: Weak
Score Range: 0 – 9

Grammar games

www.eltgames.com