Environment Friendly Engineering

Brick :The Human Killer

2019-09-03T22:45:00.000+06:00

Brick :The Human Killer

Brick producing is that the fastest-growing industrial sector in several countries (like china, India, East Pakistan and Pakistan) and among the highest 3 sectors, at the side of vehicle exhaust and re suspended road dirt, adding to the air contamination and medical problems in Dacca (Bangladesh). Brick producing industry is creating negative impact on Air Quality, agriculture as brick is made from clay, forest(needs lots of wood to burn).

There is no spot in Dhaka city where individuals can inhale clean air. About 33 million people die every year in the world due to air pollution. About 75 per cent of these deaths are due to heart attacks and the remaining 25 per cent for pulmonary diseases. Air pollution levels are highest in Asia. India is at the top of the pollution chart, and Bangladesh has taken over the next position. According to a report from the Health Effects Institute, there are 1,220,400 people dying in Bangladesh annually due to air pollution. Pollution, from the brick kilns is spreading around Dhaka city. There are more than 4,500 brick kilns around Dhaka. As a result, the air becomes full with pollutants. According to the Department of Environment, brick kilns causes 58 per cent of air pollution in Dhaka (2017).

There are about 12,000 brick-making companies in Bangladesh. Most of the brick kilns are working in the dry season when the amount of pollution is also high. Generally, half a million ton of clay is required to make one million bricks which come from the fertile soil or topsoil. The topsoil has all the ingredients needed for the crop nourishment and it takes hundreds of years to replenish. Although burning wood is legally prohibited yet wood, charcoal, fuel oil and even used tires are burned in brick kilns. Again, to burn one million bricks nearly 20 tons of coal is required. In our country, tree plantation is a kind of social movement, but we are not getting any benefit due to huge burning of woods from the forest. Burning wood and coal produce dust, carbon monoxide, sulfur and nitrogen oxides which pollute the atmosphere. Due to dust and high level of pollution, nearby trees get killed and vision of eye sights decrease.

It has been unconcealed that biomass is accountable for the emission of each trace and non trace gases like dioxide (CO2), gas (CH4) and oxides of N (NOx) from ancient brick industries and plenty of noxious fumes containing suspended particulate matters wealthy in carbon particles and high concentration of CO and SOx get created.

If we search in the google, we will see top 20 of the most air polluted cities are from ASIA specially from India, China, Bangladesh & Pakistan. One of the Major source of this pollution is "Brick Industry".

Source: https://www.thedailystar.net/frontpage/news/brick-kilns-top-polluter-1701871 ,

https://www.hindawi.com/journals/aess/2015/409401/

Abstain from THE Air Conditioner

2019-08-19T21:56:00.001+06:00

Abstain from THE Air Conditioner

Many people can assume what i am saying. "Eliminate the AC"!!! expensive readers i do know that, AC is today a vital factor specially within the countries wherever temperature remains terribly high throughout Summer e.g. Middle eastern countries, South American countries, sub-continetal contries etc.

Nowadays even in Europe temperature rises to forty degree celcius. It has currently become a trend to put in cooling either within the homes or within the offices.

But nobody is considering it's dangerous effects. cooling is inflicting global climate change and different negative effects.

Increasing demand for home air-con driven by warming, growth and rising incomes in developing countries may increase the planet's temperatures a further a degree Centigrade by the top of the century, in keeping with a replacement report by the Rocky Mountain Institute.

Bad effects of cooling on the setting

It releases CFC(Cloro Fluro Carbon) that is damaging our ozonosphere. gas could be a gas within the atmosphere that protects everything living on the planet from harmful ultraviolet (UV) rays from the Sun. while not the layer of gas within the atmosphere, it'd be terribly troublesome for love or money to survive on the surface.

Several of today's air conditioners use hydro-fluorocarbons (HFCs), coolants that area unit fugacious climate pollutants that may leak into the atmosphere at the top of associate air conditioner's helpful life once the devices area unit destroyed. HFCs stay within the atmosphere for a median of fourteen years and area unit about one,000 to 3,000 times firmer than dioxide as a gas.

Another dangerous effects is Electricity consumption by the cooling. Still abundant of station relies on Coal that releases carbon inflicting warming.

It has has some dangerous effects on health(e.g.skin problem). thus we should always eliminate the cooling from our life if we wish a less contaminated setting. i do know it will not happen i long. however if we tend to begin to decrease dependency on cooling from currently, sooner or later it will disappear from our life.

Source: https://www.ecomena.org/air-conditioning-negative-impacts-on-environment/

http://www.icsoft-pt.org/know-home-air-conditioner-affects-environment/

VENTILATED IMPROVED PIT(VIP) LATRINES

2017-11-09T14:06:00.004+06:00

Ventilated improved pit toilets, ordinarily known as VIP lavatories, are an improvement to beat the hindrances of the straightforward pit restrooms. The principle issues related with customary basic pit lavatories, for example fly and mosquito irritation and horrendous scents, are successfully limited by the activity of a vent pipe, fly screen and a crouching spread in the VIP toilets. the entire framework is appropriately built as a successful sanitation choice for both rustic and urban zones by planning the pit either as a solitary pit or a rotating twin pit framework.

Why construct a VIP lavatory?

VIP toilets successfully control smell and flies while as yet enabling clients to clean themselves with hard materials, for example, paper and leaves which may not appropriate for use with a pour-flush restroom. A hunching down plate or a platform can be installed.(See Figure 1 and inset.)

Figure 1:A ventilated improved pit restroom

How a VIP toilet functions

Wind blowing over the highest point of the ventilation pipe makes air in the pipe rise. Substitution outside air is drawn into the pit through the superstructure and down the can opening. This progression of natural air keeps the superstructure free of scents. At the point when there is no wind, air in the vent pipe will keep on moving upwards, if the pipe is being warmed by the sun.

Structure Consideration for VIP Latrines

Structure Life: For single pit toilets, the plan life ought to be as far as might be feasible, in any event 10 years is desirables. For substituting twin pit VIP toilets the structure life ought to be 1-3 years.

Measurements: Cross sectional zone ought not be more than 2 sq. meter. Regular practice is having a breadth of 1.5-2 meter or I instance of square or rectangular pits a width of 1-1.5 meter.

Points of interest and Disadvantages

Points of interest:

Controls scent and bugs;

Least wellbeing risc;

Twin-pit VIP lavatory framework offers a long haul arrangement.

Inconveniences:

Potential for groundwater contamination;

Trouble of development in rough and high water table regions.

ON-SITE HUMAN WASTE MANAGEMENT

2017-10-15T17:02:00.001+06:00

Presentation

A significant motivation behind why sanitation inclusion is low in the creating nations contrasted with water supply is that at whatever point the fashioners or organizers consider sanitation they for the most part consider exorbitant traditional sewerage frameworks or septic tank frameworks which the vast majority in the creating scene can't manage. It is truth be told, in all respects as of late that the concerned experts in creating nations have understood the requirement for minimal effort sanitation choices so as to serve most by far of the populace.

Luckily, there exists a wide scope of elective sanitation advancements that are minimal effort, effectively viable and can be chosen to suit distinctive hydro-geographical, financial and social conditions.

There are different sorts of sanitation advances, from the outset we'll examine about "Straightforward PIT LATRINE". From the following post I'll talk about other sanitation advances.

Basic PIT LATRINE

The pit lavatory are the most well-known and least complex type of excreta transfer in many creating countries.These are generally satisfactory in country regions and are additionally broadly utilized in low-pay networks. they are, the least expensive framework conceivable and the framework most fitting for individual householders in charge of their own sanitation.

A pit restroom by and large comprises of three noteworthy parts: a gap in the ground, a chunk or floor with a little opening, and a safe house.

fig: Simple Pit Latrine

Plan thought for PIT LATRINE

Pit ought not be progressively 1.5 meter wide.

Soils with low permeability(below 2.5 mm/hour) are inadmissible for pit lavatory.

Safe separation between the toilet pit and a wellspring of drinking water for example tube-well ought to be given so as to permit to adequate home time for the pathogens to be disposed of.

Pit lavatory plan

Successful pit volume:

V= C*P*N

Where,

V= successful volume of the pit in m3

C= solids gathered rate in m3/individual/year

P= number of people who will utilize the lavatory

N= plan life in years

As recommended by Kalbermatten et al. (1980), by the accompanying relationship:

V= 1.33*C*P*N

The factor of 1.33 is fused to guarantee an unmistakable space over the remaining parts of the excreta toward the part of the bargain time frame.

Estimations of Solids Accumulation Rates (m3/individual/year)

Wet Pit		Dry Pit
Anal cleansing water	Anal Cleansing solids	Anal cleansing water	Anal Cleansing solids
0.04	0.06	0.06	0.09

Ecological Sanitation

2017-08-14T16:42:00.000+06:00

Ecological Sanitation

With expanding urbanization and modern advancement it is just normal to anticipate an expansion in the creation of squanders. These squanders, if not appropriately oversaw, can effectively affect the natural quality.

A noteworthy test looked by the creating nations is that of human waste administration and transfer. The essential concern is the measure of cash that is required for legitimate administration and transfer of human waste. The potential risks of human squanders have been acknowledged for a long time in industrialized nations through encounters from the spreading of irresistible ailment at wild rates. Human dung are perilous to well being and adverse to the earth on the off chance that they are untreated before being discarded into nature.

Sanitation and Health

Giving suitable sanitation has a few significant reasons, for example, protection, comfort and well being. Understand that the improvement of well being is beyond the realm of imagination without clean transfer of human excreta.

Legitimate sanitation can control numerous excreta-related sicknesses. smaller scale living being are discharged by people and are too little to even consider being seen with unaided eye, yet can be seen through a magnifying lens. Excreta from contaminated people can cause disease in different people in two unique ways. Right off the bat, the pathogens in the excreta of a tainted individual arrive at another span to someone else and start disease. Also, contamination in different people are brought about by the transmission of discharged pathogens by means of creepy crawlies, for example, flies and mosquitoes and rodents, for example, rodents, which go about as vectors.

Destinations of Sanitation

Head destinations:

To have improved general wellbeing

To limit natural contamination

Classification of wastes

Human excreta

City sewage

Household sewage

Sullage

Mechanical squanders

Tempest water

Strong squanders

Sanitation Systems

Sanitation frameworks regarding human waste administration might be considered to have the following capacity:

Discharge and capacity

Accumulation and transportation

Procedure/treatment

Transfer/reuse

Grouping of Sanitary Systems

On location systems(dry and wet frameworks)

Off-site systems(dry and wet frameworks)

Rainwater harvest home Project

2017-08-05T17:38:00.001+06:00

Rainwater harvest home Project

The harvest home of rain merely involves the gathering of water from surfaces on that rain falls, and later on storing this water for later use. ordinarily water is collected from the roofs of buildings and keep in rain tanks.
Ground water resource gets naturally recharged through percolation. however because of indiscriminate development and speedy urbanization, exposed surface for soil has been reduced drastically with resultant reduction in percolation of rain, thereby depleting well water resource. rain harvest home is that the method of augmenting the natural filtration of rain in to the underground formation by some artificial ways. "Conscious assortment and storage of rain to cater to demands of water, for drinking, domestic purpose & irrigation is termed as rain harvest home."

For what reason Should We Build Rainwater Harvesting Project:

To build Underground water table by reviving.

It gives water when there is a dry season.

To diminish soil disintegration.

Water gathering gives a free water supply during provincial water limitation and in created nations is offers used to supply the fundamental supply.

Can help alleviate flooding of low - lying zone.

It additionally helps in the accessibility of compact water as downpour water is significantly free of saltiness and different salts.

Elements:

The catchment(for example: roof) area where the rain falls.

The conveyance or conduit system that channels the flow of water in a given direction.

The first flush (a valve that ensures that run-off from the first spell of rain is flushed out and does not enter the system)

Filtration tank

Storage tank

Recharge tank

Excessive water that we don’t use that water goes to the Recharge Tank and recharge the underground water.

The processing of a Rainwater water harvesting Project Should be like below:

Fig: Sample of Recharge Tank and Pipe

Impacts of construction site on the Environment

2017-08-05T14:59:00.000+06:00

Pollution from Construction Site and it's Prevention

The construction industry is a major source of pollution, responsible for around 4% of particulate emissions, more water pollution incidents than any other industry, and thousands of noise complaints every year. Although construction activities also pollute the soil, the main areas of concern are: air, water and noise pollution.

Air Pollution

Construction Dust is known as PM10(particulate which is less than 10 micron in diameter. Dust can cause asthma, bronchitis etc.

In the construction site there are many machine used which is run by Diesel. Diesel is responsible for the emission of CO₂, CO, hydrocarbons etc. Therefore increasing the release of “Green House Gas”.

PM10 from Diesel Engine known as Diesel Particulate Matter(DPM) along with soot, sulphates, silicates combine with other toxins in the atmosphere, increasing the particle inhalation.

Water Pollution

Silt and Soil that comes from the construction site runs into natural waterways make them turbid, which restricts sunlight filtration and destroys aquatic life.

Surface water run-off also carries other pollutants from the site, such as diesel and oil, toxic chemicals, and building materials like cement. When these substances get into waterways they poison water life and any animal that drinks from them.

Pollutants on construction sites can also soak into the groundwater, a source of human drinking water.

Sound Pollution

Construction site produces a lot of noises mainly from vehicles and machineries. Excessive noise can lead to hearing problem, sleep disturbance.

High noise levels disturb the natural cycles of animals.

How to prevent Pollution

To prevent erosion and run-off, minimize land disturbance and leave maximum vegetation cover.

Control dust through fine water sprays used to dampen down the site.

Use non-toxic paints, solvents and other hazardous materials wherever possible.

Cover up and protect all drains on site.

Collect any wastewater generated from site activities in settlement tanks, screen, discharge the clean water, and dispose of remaining sludge according to environmental regulations.

Source: http://www.sustainablebuild.co.uk/pollutionfromconstruction.html , https://www.environmentalpollutioncenters.org/construction/

How to build atmosphere Friendly House

2017-08-04T23:21:00.003+06:00

How to build atmosphere Friendly House

An atmosphere Friendly home is inbuilt such the simplest way that reduces energy consumption and waste. Eco Homes reduces the buildings negative impact on human health and therefore the atmosphere, through higher style, construction, sitting, operation and maintenance.

How to Build Eco Friendly House:

Avoid building range in environmentally sensitive locations like earthquake or cyclone or flood prone areas.

Install associate economical Duct System.

Correct insulation.

Opt for Dual-Flush bogs so we will minimize the utilization of water.

Use Recycled Material.

If doable got wind of a solar array for the electricity consumption.

Garden before of the house.

Scale back your would like for getting new product that don't seem to be atmosphere friendly.

Each junction rectifier and CFL price a lot of direct however use less energy and last longer than ancient incandescent bulbs. Since they provide vital price savings within the long haul, they'll be ideal for your new inexperienced home.

Install Rainwater harvesting System

If possible do some agricultural work in the roof.

Sanitation system should be Eco friendly.

Don't install Air Conditioner because it's bad for Air quality.

Environment Friendly Cement

2017-08-04T22:14:00.005+06:00

Environment Friendly Cement

“Environment Friendly Cement” or “Eco Friendly Cement” may be a new term these days victimization principally within the housing industry. we have a tendency to all apprehend that during a construction web site, the foremost used material is cement. several of us(specially the civil engineers & the manufacturer) fathom the producing of cement and constituents of cement. Before knowing regarding the “Eco Cement” we must always regarding “Cement” and it’s constituents.

1.a.Cement is a binding material used in engineering construction. It is manufactured from calcareous substance(compounds of calcium and magnesium). There are two classes of cement: Natural cement & Artificial cement). Nowadays we use Artificial Cement or Portland Cement. Raw materials used for manufacturing of Portland cement are: calcareous material( compounds of calcium and magnesium), argillaceous materials(mainly silica, alumina and oxides of iron).

Constituents of Portland Cement:

Mineral Constituents of Portland Cement

Constituents	Oxide Composition	Abbreviated designation	Percentage
Tricalcium silicate	3CaO.SiO₂	C₃S	45 to 55
Dicalcium silicate	2CaO.SiO₂	C₂S	20 to 30
Tricalcium aluminate	3CaO.Al₂O₃	C₃A	9 to 13
Tetracalcium aluminoferrite	4CaO.Al₂O₃.Fe₂O₃	C₄AF	8 to 20
Calcium Sulphate	CaSo₄		2 to 6
Other Compounds	-	-	2 to 8

Acid & Alkaline Constituents of Portland Cement

Constituents	Composition	Percentage
Calcium Oxide	CaO	60 to 67
Magnesium Oxide	MgO	0.1 to 4.0
Silica	SiO2	17 to 25
Alumina	Al2O3	3 to 8
Iron Oxide	fe2O3	0.5 to 6
Sulphur Trioxide	SO3	1 to 3
Potassium Oxide	K2O	0.3 to 1
Sodium Oxide	Na2O	0.4 to 1.3
Loss on Ignition		1.8 to 2
Insoluble Residue		0.3 to 0.5

Adverse result of Cement producing on Environment:

Cement manufacture causes environmental impacts in the slightest degree stages of the method. These embrace emissions of mobile pollution within the sort of dirt, gases, noise and vibration once operative machinery and through blasting in quarries, and harm to country from production.
Cement producing releases carbon dioxide within the atmosphere each directly once carbonate is heated, manufacturing lime and greenhouse emission, and additionally indirectly through the employment of energy if its production involves the emission of carbon dioxide.

1.b.Eco Cement

Eco-Cement is made by heating magnesite in a kiln to produce reactive magnesium oxide (magnesia). That magnesia powder is then added to a conventional Portland cement mix which, in turn, can be mixed with aggregates, in the usual fashion, to make Eco-Cement. Eco-Cement hydrates in permeable substrates, using mix water, then carbonates. The more magnesia added and the more permeable it is, the more CO₂ the Eco-Cement absorbs.

Methodology in Manufacturing the Eco Cement:

Magnesite (a compound of magnesium) is obtained from quires and then it heated in a kiln to around 600 to 750 degrees C. The lower terminating temperature of the Tec-Kiln makes it simpler to utilize free vitality, for example, wind or sun oriented or even squander vitality and Tec Eco plan to make an oven that does not utilize non-renewable energy sources and in which the CO2 gases delivered from the magnesium carbonate as it disintegrates is caught and contained for further use or safe transfer.
Eco cement also wants to grind in the hot area of his kiln for increased efficiency.
The heating process produces reactive magnesia.
The reactive magnesia (powder) is added in ordinary Portland cement.
The resulting blended powder is eco Cement.

For what reason Should We Use Eco Cement/Environment Friendly Cement Over The Portland Cement:

Normal Portland bond requires a furnace temperature of around 1450 °C. The receptive magnesia in Eco-Cement requires a lower oven temperature of 750 °C, which brings down the vitality prerequisites, and subsequently the utilization of petroleum products and emanation of carbon dioxide (CO2).

Eco-Cement sets and solidifies by sequestering CO2 from the climate and is recyclable. The pace of assimilation of CO2 differs with the level of porosity and the measure of MgO. Carbonation happens rapidly from the outset and all the more gradually towards finishing. An ordinary Eco-Cement solid square would be required to completely carbonate inside a year.

Eco-Cement can fuse a more prominent number of modern waste items as total than Portland bond as it is less antacid. This lessens the frequency of antacid total responses which cause harm to solidified cement. Eco-Cement likewise can be completely reused over into bond, should a solid structure become out of date.

you can also see: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eco-cement

Environment Friendly Engineering

Brick :The Human Killer

Abstain from THE Air Conditioner

Abstain from THE Air Conditioner

Bad effects of cooling on the setting

VENTILATED IMPROVED PIT(VIP) LATRINES

Why construct a VIP lavatory?

How a VIP toilet functions

Structure Consideration for VIP Latrines

Points of interest and Disadvantages

Points of interest:

Inconveniences:

ON-SITE HUMAN WASTE MANAGEMENT

Presentation

Basic PIT LATRINE

Plan thought for PIT LATRINE

Pit lavatory plan

Successful pit volume:

Advantage and Disadvantage

Advantage and Disadvantage

Ecological Sanitation

Ecological Sanitation

Sanitation and Health

Destinations of Sanitation

Head destinations:

Classification of wastes

Sanitation Systems

Grouping of Sanitary Systems

Rainwater harvest home Project

Rainwater harvest home Project

For what reason Should We Build Rainwater Harvesting Project:

Elements:

Impacts of construction site on the Environment

Pollution from Construction Site and it's Prevention

Air Pollution

Water Pollution

Sound Pollution

How to prevent Pollution

How to build atmosphere Friendly House

How to build atmosphere Friendly House

How to Build Eco Friendly House:

Environment Friendly Cement

Environment Friendly Cement

Constituents of Portland Cement:

Adverse result of Cement producing on Environment:

1.b.Eco Cement

Methodology in Manufacturing the Eco Cement:

For what reason Should We Use Eco Cement/Environment Friendly Cement Over The Portland Cement: