First Aider

ASSESS THE VICTIM

based.jagjit@gmail.com (First Aider) — Tue, 29 Nov 2011 22:14:00 +0000

Oxygen and other substances into the cell through the bloodstream. This substance is then converted into energy needed for the life. The brain that controls all functions of the body must always get oxygen. When a lack of oxygen during the 3-4 minutes just brain function begins to interfere, patients get unconscious, breathing and heartbeat stopped and died. The ABC of life there are three elements which are instrumental to the influx of oxygen to the brain. The way the breath should be open to allow oxygen into the body. Respiratory oxygen should last to get into the blood flow and blood must flow throughout the body, carries oxygen to all tissues, including brain.

ASSESS the VICTIM'S CONDITION
1.    CHECK OUT OF CONSCIOUSNESS.
Ask a question or a simple command, e.g. ' what is going on? ' or ' open your eyes ' loud and clear in the ear of the victim. Shake her shoulders gently.
•    The Victim may moan his distracted or move a little
•    Victims who unknowingly will not give reaction

2.    OPEN UP the WAY the BREATH.
Victims who unknowingly narrowed or clogged roads so his breath breathing difficult and reads or not breathing at all. The main cause of this state of affairs is the paralysis of muscles throat so that the tongue falling down and covered the trunk throat. By lifting the Chin and pulling off his victim down, tongue is lifted and no longer shut the door way breath.

To PAVE the WAY BREATH
1.    Remove the obstruction that is clearly visible in the mouth
2.    Put your two fingers under the Chin and jaw of the victim, was appointed. At the same time, put your hands on the victim's forehead. The head is pulled toward the back of the bottom.

3. CHECK the RESPIRATORY TRACT.
Put your face near the mouth of the victim and see, hear and feel the presence of respiratory tract:
1. Look chest movement
2. Listen the sound of a respiratory
3. Feel his breath on your cheeks.
Do it for 5 seconds before the victim is not breathing.

4.    CHECK the PULSE.
If heart rate was good enough to expect very short pulses on the neck, which is the major blood vessels enter the cavity of the head of the blood vessels is running from the ears across the neck towards the top of the sternum.

The head is pulled down, press the laryngeal prominence with two fingers, then slid a finger gap between the laryngeal and braided sinew. There will be very short pulses.
Feel for 5 seconds before deciding there's no short pulses.

CAFFEINE ANTI SLEEPY.

based.jagjit@gmail.com (First Aider) — Tue, 29 Nov 2011 17:58:00 +0000

Caffeine is an alkaloid compound that is primarily contained in tea (1-3.0%), coffee (1-1.5%), and seeds kolah (2.7-3.6%). In addition to this there is also a caffeine in chocolate, energy drink, and medicines. Caffeine is the xanthin acting on the central nervous, muscle (including the heart muscle), and kidneys. Influence on the central nervous system boosts mental activity and not sleepy. It's no wonder when caffeine is widely used by students, without realizing his dependency side effects.

Effect of dependence (addiction) can arise if consuming caffeine as much as 600 mg (5-6 cups of coffee 150 ml) per day for 10-15 days. The mild symptoms of addiction people will experience a headache in the morning, around 12 to 16 hours after consuming coffee. Another negative effect after consuming caffeine long-term that increases the risk of high blood, heart, kidneys, sugar, stroke, and the miscarriage of the fetus. So people with the disease are advised not to consume caffeinated drinks.

But, with the fact that we have nothing to fear because there is still a beneficial effect, the important thing is how to keep the bad effects of health does not appear, that is by the way do not consume excessive and in the long term and on an ongoing basis. Moreover, caffeine is used to drive a sleepy, every now and then maybe it's okay. If continuous course will harm the body to minimize the effects of his side need to tip in a cup of coffee.

Tips On Drinking Coffee:

Take note of and the degree of coffee dosage. Note also the remedy, we drink caffeinated. Don't get us an excess dose in 1 day.
Know your response body such as agitation, heart palpitations, sleep disorders, and mood disorders. If suffering from immediately stop consuming caffeine and should be checked to see a doctor.
Coffee can interact with some medications, we suggest that you consult a doctor.
Pregnant women, children, the elderly, and people with heart and high blood pressure, kidney, sugar, a stroke should not consume coffee.
Do check up regularly, especially the size of the blood pressure of hypertension in early childhood can thus immediately known.

2005 American Heart Association Guidelines for CPR and ECC

based.jagjit@gmail.com (First Aider) — Mon, 28 Nov 2011 18:48:00 +0000

The 2005 American Heart Association Guidelines for CPR and Emergency Cardiac Care (ECC) include major changes from the guide- lines last revised in 2000. These guidelines are a product of the 2005 International Consensus Conference on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiac Care hosted by the American Heart Association in Dallas, Texas, January 2005. The changes are too extensive to discuss comprehensively here, but some of them are especially relevant for anesthesiologists involved in resuscitation of patients who arrest in the hospital. It is important to review these new guidelines. The changes are based on accumulating evidence and may help improve outcomes. In addition, familiarity with the changes will reduce confusion when we interact with other caregivers trying to implement the new patterns of intervention.
Since it has been so difficult to demonstrate benefit from drug administration to arrest victims, most of the 2005 changes focus on the quality of CPR. In contrast to studies of resuscitation drugs, survival rates for out-of hospital (at airports, casinos, and programs involving police supervision) arrests have increased dramatically when the quality of CPR was improved by organized programs of early lay rescuer CPR with AEDs. Studies of in-hospital resuscitations have documented suboptimal CPR efforts with inadequate number and depth of compressions that, along with interruptions of compressions and excessive ventilation, impair the effectiveness of CPR by decreasing cardiac output and coronary and cerebral blood flow. These observations indicate plenty of room for improvement of the quality of in-hospital CPR. The guidelines encourage rescuers to push hard and fast during compressions and allow complete recoil after each compression. A compression to ventilation ratio of 30:2 is recommended until incubation. When a patient has an advanced airway in place, it is recommended that compressions continue at a rate of 100 per minute and breaths should be provided at a rate of 8-10 per minute, without pause for ventilation. It is emphasized that hyperventilation impairs the quality of CPR and should be avoided. Throughout the resuscitation, efforts should be made to limit interruptions of chest compressions, such as avoiding pauses for ventilation or to check for pulse after shocks (see below).
Fatigue has also been identified as a factor limiting the quality of CPR. Effectiveness has been found to deteriorate after two minutes of chest compressions. As a consequence, it is recommended that rescuers delivering chest compressions be relieved every two minutes.
Significant changes have been made in recommendations for treatment of ventricular fibrillation (VF). In the past, standard practice has been to provide defibrillation as soon as possible for all VF victims. However, in two of three recent studies of out-of-hospital VF, a period of CPR before defibrillation improved survival rates when the time from the call to EMS and delivery of the initial shock was more than four to five minutes (the third study was equivocal). The theoretical explanation is that a short period of perfusion by CPR will provide oxygen and energy substrate to the ischemic tissues and improve response to defibrillation. The consensus was that, although there is insufficient data to recommend CPR before defibrillation for all VF victims, EMS rescuers may give five cycles (about two minutes) of CPR before defibrillation when the call to arrival time is more than four to five minutes. The data are insufficient to make recommendations regarding when CPR should be provided before defibrillation of in-hospital-arrest victims. Presently, it is a matter of clinical judgment whether to delay defibrillation for a period of CPR when there is a delay between arrest and treatment. That decision should be influenced by the knowledge that after a period of stasis, CPR and perfusion of the myocardium may improve response to defibrillation. Other significant changes have been made in the way defibrillation shocks are delivered. ECC Guidelines 2000 recommended a stacked sequence of up to three shocks of increasing energy. The 2005 Guidelines have changed this recommendation, based on the availability of new technology. The three shocks were needed with older defibrillators that deliver monophasic shocks. New defibrillators utilize various biphasic waveforms and have better first shock efficacy. If the first shock does not eliminate ventricular fibrillation (VF), a second shock probably won’t either, unless there is some other change. The consensus is that after an unsuccessful first shock, there is greater likelihood of benefit from a period of CPR delivering oxygen and energy substrate than a second and third shock delivered without CPR. Also, after termination of VF, most victims will have a nonperfusing rhythm (pulseless electrical activity or asystole). As a result, it is recommended that CPR efforts resume immediately after the shock without a pause and continue for about two minutes (five cycles) before checking for rhythm or pulse. For in-hospital settings this sequence may he modified at a physician’s discretion, as with patients who are continuously monitored.
A few less noteworthy changes have been made in recommendations for drug therapy during resuscitation. The 2000 Guidelines stated that there was no evidence to support the use of vasopressin as an alternative to epinephrine in the treatment of asystole or pulseless electrical activity. Since then, multiple studies have failed to show significant differences in outcome between arrest patients treated initially with either 1 mg of epinephrine or 40 units of vasopressin. As a result, the 2005 Guidelines state that one dose of 40 units of vasopressin IV/IO may replace either the first or second dose of epinephrine in the treatment of pulseless electrical activity (Class Indeterminate).
A new aqueous formulation of amiodarone does not contain vasoactive solvents that may have caused hypotension associated with rapid administration of amiodarone. In clinical trials of patients with ventricular tachycardia, aqueous amiodarone produced no more hypotension than lidocaine. The 2005 Guidelines state that amiodarone (300 mg IV/IO) may be given for VF or pulseless ventricular tachycardia unresponsive to CPR, shock, and a vasopressor (Class IIb).
For additional information about the 2005 AHA Guideline changes, see the complete guidelines document: Circulation, Volume 112, Supplement Issue 24, December 13, 2005. Also recommended is the 2005 International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care with Treatment Recommendations. Both publications are available free of charge at www.circulationaha.org.

First Aid During Emergency

based.jagjit@gmail.com (First Aider) — Mon, 28 Nov 2011 15:00:00 +0000

By the time emergency many things demanding your attention at the same time. If you try to do all at once, you will be stuck doing actions that are not important. Remember always the important steps of emergency actions:
1. Rate
2. Securing
3. Succor
4. Looking for help

ASSESS THE SITUATION
How to approach you must be fast, but calm in order to obtain as much information as possible. Your priority is to recognize the danger for themselves, victims, around the scene. Then pay attention to the resources available and the type of help you need.

SECURE THE SCENE
The situation is the cause of the accident may still be able to pose a danger. Remember, prioritizing their salvation yourself. You may not be able to help if you own a victim. Try getting rid of the danger of the victim. If it is not possible, get rid of the victim of harm.

SUCCOR
After the situation is safe, the value of each victim with ABC resuscitation. Results of your assessment will determine the priorities and actions when you are alone, when to start looking for your help and kind of help is needed. Decide quickly, whether the victim:

Conscious fully
Unconscious but still breathing
Unconscious but still pulsing
No pulse

DO NOT DELAY SEEKING HELP AS NEEDED

LOOKING FOR HELP
Perhaps many of the tasks you are dealing with, safety, called help, give help. Enlist the help of others to:

Secure the scene
Call seek assistance
Retrieve the tool first aid
Cope with the withhold or limbs bleeding
Helped move the victim to a safe place.

DO NOT MOVE THE VICTIM UNLESS ABSOLUTELY ESSENTIAL

Do Not Underestimate First Aid

based.jagjit@gmail.com (First Aider) — Sun, 27 Nov 2011 22:05:00 +0000

Do not underestimate first aid. That is to say, first aid is urgently needed for the emergency conditions. In addition, it also can help the soul of the person. Therefore, it doesn't hurt to learn first aid. The State of emergency is no longer being the one thing that is weird. But unfortunately, the situation is precisely at times become a Side Show for those who don't know what to do. Therefore, it is important for everyone to learn about administering first aid because it can mean a lot for the safety of a person's life.

To the layman, the conditions that are not supposed to happen to someone not realised that it is potentially on a person's life, e.g. the threat of child heat can cause seizures, or a nosebleed (bleeding of the nose) that could cause lost a lot of blood. That is why first aid should be taught to anyone, even First aid training it should've been taught or was introduced at the primary school students ranging from grade one.

First aid was given to someone with the condition of true life saving, such as the unconscious, breathing, non-stop-stop the heart, and seizures. Or people with the condition that is potentially too with the threat of life, injury to bleeding, high heat, broken bones, insect bites, allergic and other. In providing first aid, which needs to be aware of is doing for capable, remain calm, use the tools safely around us, to protect yourself in a situation ”danger area”, and communication with health care facilities.