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    <channel>
        <atom:link href="https://www.ushmm.org/online/subscribe/first_person_podcast" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml" />
        <title><![CDATA[First Person Podcast]]></title>
        <link>https://www.ushmm.org/information/museum-programs-and-calendar/first-person-program/first-person-podcast</link>
        <description><![CDATA[This podcast series features excerpts from interviews with Holocaust survivors presented at the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum's public program, First Person -- Conversations with Holocaust Survivors.]]></description>
        <language>en</language>
        <copyright>Copyright 2008 United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, Washington, D.C.</copyright>
        <pubDate>Thu, 9 Nov 2006 15:43:23 -0500</pubDate>
        <lastBuildDate>Thu, 9 Nov 2006 15:43:23 -0500</lastBuildDate>
        <ttl>720</ttl>
        <image>
            <url>https://www.ushmm.org/a/screen/rss_first_person_podcast.jpg</url>
            <title><![CDATA[First Person Podcast]]></title>
            <link>https://www.ushmm.org/information/museum-programs-and-calendar/first-person-program/first-person-podcast</link>
            <width>144</width>
            <height>400</height>
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        <itunes:explicit>no</itunes:explicit>
        <itunes:author>United States Holocaust Memorial Museum</itunes:author>
        <itunes:image href="https://www.ushmm.org/a/screen/rss_first_person_podcast.jpg" />
        <itunes:summary><![CDATA[This podcast series features excerpts from interviews with Holocaust survivors presented at the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum's public program, First Person -- Conversations with Holocaust Survivors.]]></itunes:summary>

        <category>Society</category>
        <category>Culture</category>
        <itunes:category text="Society &amp; Culture" />

        
            <itunes:keywords>Holocaust Survivor, USHMM, museum, Shoah, testimony, eyewitness</itunes:keywords>
        



        <itunes:owner>
            <itunes:name>United States Holocaust Memorial Museum</itunes:name>
            <itunes:email>webmaster@ushmm.org (USHMM)</itunes:email>
        </itunes:owner>

        <dc:creator>webmaster@ushmm.org (USHMM)</dc:creator>

        <item>
                <title><![CDATA[Holocaust Survivors&#8217; Reflections and Hopes for the Future]]></title>
                <link>https://www.ushmm.org</link>
                <description><![CDATA[In today's episode, Holocaust survivors share their thoughts on the importance of speaking about their experiences. It is our tradition at First Person that each guest speaker ends the program with their "final words." In our final podcast of the series, we close with those thoughts, reflections, and hopes for the future.]]></description>
                <author>webmaster@ushmm.org (USHMM)</author>
                <pubDate>Wed, 29 Sep 2010 09:00:00 -0500</pubDate>
                <guid>https://www.ushmm.org#When:05:00:00Z</guid>

                <itunes:keywords>faith, hope, legacy</itunes:keywords>

                <itunes:author>United States Holocaust Memorial Museum</itunes:author>

                
                    <itunes:subtitle></itunes:subtitle>
                

                <itunes:summary><![CDATA[In today's episode, Holocaust survivors share their thoughts on the importance of speaking about their experiences. It is our tradition at First Person that each guest speaker ends the program with their "final words." In our final podcast of the series, we close with those thoughts, reflections, and hopes for the future.]]></itunes:summary>
                
                    <enclosure url="http://www.podtrac.com/pts/redirect.mp3?https://www.ushmm.org/m/audio/FP_20100929.mp3" length="14426177" type="audio/mpeg"/>
                

                <dc:subject><![CDATA[faith, hope, legacy]]></dc:subject>
            </item><item>
                <title><![CDATA[Estelle Laughlin: The Warsaw Ghetto Uprising]]></title>
                <link>https://www.ushmm.org</link>
                <description><![CDATA[Estelle Laughlin discusses the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising, when German forces, intending to liquidate the ghetto on April 19, 1943, were stunned by an armed uprising from Jewish fighters. Estelle and her family hid in an underground bunker during the uprising but were eventually captured and deported.]]></description>
                <author>webmaster@ushmm.org (USHMM)</author>
                <pubDate>Wed, 11 Aug 2010 09:00:00 -0500</pubDate>
                <guid>https://www.ushmm.org#When:05:00:00Z</guid>

                <itunes:keywords>deportation, fear, poland, warsaw, rescue and resistance, estelle laughlin, ghettos</itunes:keywords>

                <itunes:author>United States Holocaust Memorial Museum</itunes:author>

                
                    <itunes:subtitle></itunes:subtitle>
                

                <itunes:summary><![CDATA[Estelle Laughlin discusses the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising, when German forces, intending to liquidate the ghetto on April 19, 1943, were stunned by an armed uprising from Jewish fighters. Estelle and her family hid in an underground bunker during the uprising but were eventually captured and deported.]]></itunes:summary>
                
                    <enclosure url="http://www.podtrac.com/pts/redirect.mp3?https://www.ushmm.org/m/audio/FP_20100811.mp3" length="9134814" type="audio/mpeg"/>
                

                <dc:subject><![CDATA[deportation, fear, poland, warsaw, rescue and resistance, estelle laughlin, ghettos]]></dc:subject>
            </item><item>
                <title><![CDATA[Theodora Klayman: Shelter in Ludbreg]]></title>
                <link>https://www.ushmm.org</link>
                <description><![CDATA[
	Theodora (Dora) Klayman discusses surviving the war in hiding with her brother in Ludbreg, Yugoslavia. After her parents were deported in 1941, she spent the war first with her maternal aunt and then, after her aunt was denounced and deported, with non-Jewish neighbors.
]]></description>
                <author>webmaster@ushmm.org (USHMM)</author>
                <pubDate>Tue, 13 Jul 2010 09:00:00 -0500</pubDate>
                <guid>https://www.ushmm.org#When:05:00:37Z</guid>

                <itunes:keywords>neighbors, separation from family, yugoslavia</itunes:keywords>

                <itunes:author>United States Holocaust Memorial Museum</itunes:author>

                
                    <itunes:subtitle></itunes:subtitle>
                

                <itunes:summary><![CDATA[
	Theodora (Dora) Klayman discusses surviving the war in hiding with her brother in Ludbreg, Yugoslavia. After her parents were deported in 1941, she spent the war first with her maternal aunt and then, after her aunt was denounced and deported, with non-Jewish neighbors.
]]></itunes:summary>
                
                    <enclosure url="http://www.podtrac.com/pts/redirect.mp3?https://www.ushmm.org/m/audio/FP_20100713.mp3" length="6849831" type="audio/mpeg"/>
                

                <dc:subject><![CDATA[neighbors, separation from family, yugoslavia]]></dc:subject>
            </item><item>
                <title><![CDATA[Steven Fenves: Neighbors in Subotica]]></title>
                <link>https://www.ushmm.org</link>
                <description><![CDATA[Steven Fenves discusses being forced into a ghetto immediately following the German occupation of his hometown of Subotica, Yugoslavia, in March 1944. As his family was forced out of their home, they encountered a range of responses from their non-Jewish neighbors.]]></description>
                <author>webmaster@ushmm.org (USHMM)</author>
                <pubDate>Tue, 8 Jun 2010 09:00:00 -0500</pubDate>
                <guid>https://www.ushmm.org#When:05:00:00Z</guid>

                <itunes:keywords>auschwitz, humiliation, neighbors, yugoslavia, ghettos</itunes:keywords>

                <itunes:author>United States Holocaust Memorial Museum</itunes:author>

                
                    <itunes:subtitle></itunes:subtitle>
                

                <itunes:summary><![CDATA[Steven Fenves discusses being forced into a ghetto immediately following the German occupation of his hometown of Subotica, Yugoslavia, in March 1944. As his family was forced out of their home, they encountered a range of responses from their non-Jewish neighbors.]]></itunes:summary>
                
                    <enclosure url="http://www.podtrac.com/pts/redirect.mp3?https://www.ushmm.org/m/audio/FP_20100608.mp3" length="6400107" type="audio/mpeg"/>
                

                <dc:subject><![CDATA[auschwitz, humiliation, neighbors, yugoslavia, ghettos]]></dc:subject>
            </item><item>
                <title><![CDATA[Josiane Traum: Hiding in a Convent in Brugge]]></title>
                <link>https://www.ushmm.org</link>
                <description><![CDATA[
	Josiane (Josy) Traum discusses her memories of life in hiding at a Carmelite convent in Brugge, Belgium. In 1942, as conditions grew increasingly more dangerous for Jews living in German-occupied Belgium, her mother, Fanny, arranged to have Belgian nuns hide her three-year-old daughter in the convent.
]]></description>
                <author>webmaster@ushmm.org (USHMM)</author>
                <pubDate>Tue, 27 Apr 2010 09:00:00 -0500</pubDate>
                <guid>https://www.ushmm.org#When:05:00:37Z</guid>

                <itunes:keywords>belgium, hidden children, hiding, separation from family</itunes:keywords>

                <itunes:author>United States Holocaust Memorial Museum</itunes:author>

                
                    <itunes:subtitle></itunes:subtitle>
                

                <itunes:summary><![CDATA[
	Josiane (Josy) Traum discusses her memories of life in hiding at a Carmelite convent in Brugge, Belgium. In 1942, as conditions grew increasingly more dangerous for Jews living in German-occupied Belgium, her mother, Fanny, arranged to have Belgian nuns hide her three-year-old daughter in the convent.
]]></itunes:summary>
                
                    <enclosure url="http://www.podtrac.com/pts/redirect.mp3?https://www.ushmm.org/m/audio/FP_20100427.mp3" length="6807199" type="audio/mpeg"/>
                

                <dc:subject><![CDATA[belgium, hidden children, hiding, separation from family]]></dc:subject>
            </item><item>
                <title><![CDATA[Henry Greenbaum: Attempting Escape from a Slave Labor Camp]]></title>
                <link>https://www.ushmm.org</link>
                <description><![CDATA[Henry Greenbaum discusses his attempt to escape from a slave labor camp near Starahowice, Poland, with his sister Faige and a Jewish policeman in July 1944.]]></description>
                <author>webmaster@ushmm.org (USHMM)</author>
                <pubDate>Wed, 26 Aug 2009 09:00:00 -0500</pubDate>
                <guid>https://www.ushmm.org#When:05:00:00Z</guid>

                <itunes:keywords>escape attempt, poland, separation from family</itunes:keywords>

                <itunes:author>United States Holocaust Memorial Museum</itunes:author>

                
                    <itunes:subtitle></itunes:subtitle>
                

                <itunes:summary><![CDATA[Henry Greenbaum discusses his attempt to escape from a slave labor camp near Starahowice, Poland, with his sister Faige and a Jewish policeman in July 1944.]]></itunes:summary>
                
                    <enclosure url="http://www.podtrac.com/pts/redirect.mp3?https://www.ushmm.org/m/audio/FP_20090826.mp3" length="9033668" type="audio/mpeg"/>
                

                <dc:subject><![CDATA[escape attempt, poland, separation from family]]></dc:subject>
            </item><item>
                <title><![CDATA[Haim Solomon: Hiding during the Pogrom in Iasi]]></title>
                <link>https://www.ushmm.org</link>
                <description><![CDATA[
	Haim Solomon discusses hiding during the pogrom that Romanian authorities staged against the Jewish population in Iasi, Romania, within days of the German invasion of the Soviet Union in June 1941. Haim and his family hid in various different locations across the city. At least 4,000 Jews were murdered in Iasi during the pogrom.
]]></description>
                <author>webmaster@ushmm.org (USHMM)</author>
                <pubDate>Wed, 19 Aug 2009 09:00:00 -0500</pubDate>
                <guid>https://www.ushmm.org#When:05:00:49Z</guid>

                <itunes:keywords>fear, hiding, pogrom, romania</itunes:keywords>

                <itunes:author>United States Holocaust Memorial Museum</itunes:author>

                
                    <itunes:subtitle></itunes:subtitle>
                

                <itunes:summary><![CDATA[
	Haim Solomon discusses hiding during the pogrom that Romanian authorities staged against the Jewish population in Iasi, Romania, within days of the German invasion of the Soviet Union in June 1941. Haim and his family hid in various different locations across the city. At least 4,000 Jews were murdered in Iasi during the pogrom.
]]></itunes:summary>
                
                    <enclosure url="http://www.podtrac.com/pts/redirect.mp3?https://www.ushmm.org/m/audio/FP_20090819.mp3" length="12049243" type="audio/mpeg"/>
                

                <dc:subject><![CDATA[fear, hiding, pogrom, romania]]></dc:subject>
            </item><item>
                <title><![CDATA[Margit Meissner: Flight from Paris on a Bicycle]]></title>
                <link>https://www.ushmm.org</link>
                <description><![CDATA[
	Margit Meissner discusses her flight from Paris just before the city fell to the Germans in June 1940. Margit and her mother were Austrian citizens living in Paris, which meant they were considered “enemy aliens” because Austria was annexed by Germany in 1938. They were ultimately separated and Margit was left with the responsibility of getting safely out of Paris on her own.
]]></description>
                <author>webmaster@ushmm.org (USHMM)</author>
                <pubDate>Wed, 12 Aug 2009 09:00:00 -0500</pubDate>
                <guid>https://www.ushmm.org#When:05:00:55Z</guid>

                <itunes:keywords>fear, paris, refugee, separation from family</itunes:keywords>

                <itunes:author>United States Holocaust Memorial Museum</itunes:author>

                
                    <itunes:subtitle></itunes:subtitle>
                

                <itunes:summary><![CDATA[
	Margit Meissner discusses her flight from Paris just before the city fell to the Germans in June 1940. Margit and her mother were Austrian citizens living in Paris, which meant they were considered “enemy aliens” because Austria was annexed by Germany in 1938. They were ultimately separated and Margit was left with the responsibility of getting safely out of Paris on her own.
]]></itunes:summary>
                
                    <enclosure url="http://www.podtrac.com/pts/redirect.mp3?https://www.ushmm.org/m/audio/FP_20090812.mp3" length="15674621" type="audio/mpeg"/>
                

                <dc:subject><![CDATA[fear, paris, refugee, separation from family]]></dc:subject>
            </item><item>
                <title><![CDATA[Gerald Schwab: A German Jewish Refugee Returns as an American Soldier]]></title>
                <link>https://www.ushmm.org</link>
                <description><![CDATA[
	Gerald Schwab discusses his experience being drafted into the US Army in 1944 after fleeing Nazi Germany just four years earlier. After the war, he assisted with the trials of leading German officials before the International Military Tribunal at Nuremberg.
]]></description>
                <author>webmaster@ushmm.org (USHMM)</author>
                <pubDate>Wed, 5 Aug 2009 09:00:00 -0500</pubDate>
                <guid>https://www.ushmm.org#When:05:00:57Z</guid>

                <itunes:keywords>emigration, nuremberg trials</itunes:keywords>

                <itunes:author>United States Holocaust Memorial Museum</itunes:author>

                
                    <itunes:subtitle></itunes:subtitle>
                

                <itunes:summary><![CDATA[
	Gerald Schwab discusses his experience being drafted into the US Army in 1944 after fleeing Nazi Germany just four years earlier. After the war, he assisted with the trials of leading German officials before the International Military Tribunal at Nuremberg.
]]></itunes:summary>
                
                    <enclosure url="http://www.podtrac.com/pts/redirect.mp3?https://www.ushmm.org/m/audio/FP_20090805.mp3" length="9289877" type="audio/mpeg"/>
                

                <dc:subject><![CDATA[emigration, nuremberg trials]]></dc:subject>
            </item><item>
                <title><![CDATA[Helen (Lebowitz) Goldkind: A Grandfather&#8217;s Humiliation]]></title>
                <link>https://www.ushmm.org</link>
                <description><![CDATA[Helen Goldkind discusses the humiliation she and her family experienced as they were forced by the Germans to move from their hometown of Volosyanka to the Uzhgorod ghetto in Czechoslovakia in 1944.]]></description>
                <author>webmaster@ushmm.org (USHMM)</author>
                <pubDate>Tue, 28 Jul 2009 09:00:00 -0500</pubDate>
                <guid>https://www.ushmm.org#When:05:00:00Z</guid>

                <itunes:keywords>fear, humiliation, ghettos</itunes:keywords>

                <itunes:author>United States Holocaust Memorial Museum</itunes:author>

                
                    <itunes:subtitle></itunes:subtitle>
                

                <itunes:summary><![CDATA[Helen Goldkind discusses the humiliation she and her family experienced as they were forced by the Germans to move from their hometown of Volosyanka to the Uzhgorod ghetto in Czechoslovakia in 1944.]]></itunes:summary>
                
                    <enclosure url="http://www.podtrac.com/pts/redirect.mp3?https://www.ushmm.org/m/audio/FP_20090728.mp3" length="7408225" type="audio/mpeg"/>
                

                <dc:subject><![CDATA[fear, humiliation, ghettos]]></dc:subject>
            </item><item>
                <title><![CDATA[Emanuel (Manny) Mandel: Wearing the Yellow Star as a Child in Hungary]]></title>
                <link>https://www.ushmm.org</link>
                <description><![CDATA[
	Manny Mandel discusses wearing a yellow star as a young boy in Budapest. Hungary fell increasingly under the influence of Germany in the 1930s and joined the Axis alliance in 1940. During this time, Jews in Hungary were increasingly subjected to discriminatory anti-Jewish laws modeled on those in Germany.
]]></description>
                <author>webmaster@ushmm.org (USHMM)</author>
                <pubDate>Wed, 22 Jul 2009 09:00:00 -0500</pubDate>
                <guid>https://www.ushmm.org#When:05:00:41Z</guid>

                <itunes:keywords>hungary, yellow star</itunes:keywords>

                <itunes:author>United States Holocaust Memorial Museum</itunes:author>

                
                    <itunes:subtitle></itunes:subtitle>
                

                <itunes:summary><![CDATA[
	Manny Mandel discusses wearing a yellow star as a young boy in Budapest. Hungary fell increasingly under the influence of Germany in the 1930s and joined the Axis alliance in 1940. During this time, Jews in Hungary were increasingly subjected to discriminatory anti-Jewish laws modeled on those in Germany.
]]></itunes:summary>
                
                    <enclosure url="http://www.podtrac.com/pts/redirect.mp3?https://www.ushmm.org/m/audio/FP_20090722.mp3" length="6390076" type="audio/mpeg"/>
                

                <dc:subject><![CDATA[hungary, yellow star]]></dc:subject>
            </item><item>
                <title><![CDATA[Estelle Laughlin: Post-Liberation Struggles]]></title>
                <link>https://www.ushmm.org</link>
                <description><![CDATA[Estelle Laughlin discusses her liberation by Soviet troops in January 1945 from the Czestochowa concentration camp in Poland. In the days immediately following liberation, she and her mother and sister encountered both hostile and helpful people as they traveled through Poland and struggled to rebuild their lives.]]></description>
                <author>webmaster@ushmm.org (USHMM)</author>
                <pubDate>Tue, 21 Jul 2009 09:00:00 -0500</pubDate>
                <guid>https://www.ushmm.org#When:05:00:00Z</guid>

                <itunes:keywords>antisemitism, hunger, liberation, poland, estelle laughlin</itunes:keywords>

                <itunes:author>United States Holocaust Memorial Museum</itunes:author>

                
                    <itunes:subtitle></itunes:subtitle>
                

                <itunes:summary><![CDATA[Estelle Laughlin discusses her liberation by Soviet troops in January 1945 from the Czestochowa concentration camp in Poland. In the days immediately following liberation, she and her mother and sister encountered both hostile and helpful people as they traveled through Poland and struggled to rebuild their lives.]]></itunes:summary>
                
                    <enclosure url="http://www.podtrac.com/pts/redirect.mp3?https://www.ushmm.org/m/audio/FP_20090721.mp3" length="9600003" type="audio/mpeg"/>
                

                <dc:subject><![CDATA[antisemitism, hunger, liberation, poland, estelle laughlin]]></dc:subject>
            </item><item>
                <title><![CDATA[George Pick: Antisemitism in Hungary]]></title>
                <link>https://www.ushmm.org</link>
                <description><![CDATA[George Pick discusses experiencing antisemitism as a young boy in Hungary in the early 1940s. Hungary fell increasingly under the influence of Germany in the 1930s and joined the Axis alliance in 1940. During this time Jews in Hungary were increasingly subjected to discriminatory anti-Jewish laws modeled on those in Germany.]]></description>
                <author>webmaster@ushmm.org (USHMM)</author>
                <pubDate>Wed, 15 Jul 2009 09:00:00 -0500</pubDate>
                <guid>https://www.ushmm.org#When:05:00:00Z</guid>

                <itunes:keywords>antisemitism, fear, humiliation, hungary</itunes:keywords>

                <itunes:author>United States Holocaust Memorial Museum</itunes:author>

                
                    <itunes:subtitle></itunes:subtitle>
                

                <itunes:summary><![CDATA[George Pick discusses experiencing antisemitism as a young boy in Hungary in the early 1940s. Hungary fell increasingly under the influence of Germany in the 1930s and joined the Axis alliance in 1940. During this time Jews in Hungary were increasingly subjected to discriminatory anti-Jewish laws modeled on those in Germany.]]></itunes:summary>
                
                    <enclosure url="http://www.podtrac.com/pts/redirect.mp3?https://www.ushmm.org/m/audio/FP_20090715.mp3" length="6208682" type="audio/mpeg"/>
                

                <dc:subject><![CDATA[antisemitism, fear, humiliation, hungary]]></dc:subject>
            </item><item>
                <title><![CDATA[Frank Liebermann: Changes in Germany After Nazi Rise to Power]]></title>
                <link>https://www.ushmm.org</link>
                <description><![CDATA[
	Frank Liebermann discusses life in Germany after the Nazis came to power in 1933. Shortly after taking power, the Nazis began to eliminate individual rights and freedoms for Jews in Germany. This changed daily life for Frank and his family in many ways. Frank's father was a physician and it became increasingly difficult for him to practice medicine after 1933.
]]></description>
                <author>webmaster@ushmm.org (USHMM)</author>
                <pubDate>Tue, 14 Jul 2009 09:00:00 -0500</pubDate>
                <guid>https://www.ushmm.org#When:05:00:53Z</guid>

                <itunes:keywords>anti-jewish legislation, education, gleiwitz</itunes:keywords>

                <itunes:author>United States Holocaust Memorial Museum</itunes:author>

                
                    <itunes:subtitle></itunes:subtitle>
                

                <itunes:summary><![CDATA[
	Frank Liebermann discusses life in Germany after the Nazis came to power in 1933. Shortly after taking power, the Nazis began to eliminate individual rights and freedoms for Jews in Germany. This changed daily life for Frank and his family in many ways. Frank's father was a physician and it became increasingly difficult for him to practice medicine after 1933.
]]></itunes:summary>
                
                    <enclosure url="http://www.podtrac.com/pts/redirect.mp3?https://www.ushmm.org/m/audio/FP_20090714.mp3" length="7520656" type="audio/mpeg"/>
                

                <dc:subject><![CDATA[anti-jewish legislation, education, gleiwitz]]></dc:subject>
            </item><item>
                <title><![CDATA[Regina Spiegel: Separation at Auschwitz]]></title>
                <link>https://www.ushmm.org</link>
                <description><![CDATA[
	Regina Spiegel discusses her deportation from the ghetto in Pionki, Poland, and her arrival at Auschwitz-Birkenau, the largest Nazi killing center. She and her boyfriend, Sam, were deported together in 1944 but were separated upon arrival at Auschwitz.
]]></description>
                <author>webmaster@ushmm.org (USHMM)</author>
                <pubDate>Wed, 8 Jul 2009 09:00:00 -0500</pubDate>
                <guid>https://www.ushmm.org#When:04:59:40Z</guid>

                <itunes:keywords>auschwitz, deportation, fear, humiliation, poland, uniforms</itunes:keywords>

                <itunes:author>United States Holocaust Memorial Museum</itunes:author>

                
                    <itunes:subtitle></itunes:subtitle>
                

                <itunes:summary><![CDATA[
	Regina Spiegel discusses her deportation from the ghetto in Pionki, Poland, and her arrival at Auschwitz-Birkenau, the largest Nazi killing center. She and her boyfriend, Sam, were deported together in 1944 but were separated upon arrival at Auschwitz.
]]></itunes:summary>
                
                    <enclosure url="http://www.podtrac.com/pts/redirect.mp3?https://www.ushmm.org/m/audio/FP_20090708.mp3" length="9163653" type="audio/mpeg"/>
                

                <dc:subject><![CDATA[auschwitz, deportation, fear, humiliation, poland, uniforms]]></dc:subject>
            </item><item>
                <title><![CDATA[Julius Menn: Flight from Invading German Troops]]></title>
                <link>https://www.ushmm.org</link>
                <description><![CDATA[
	Julius Menn discusses his family's flight eastward from advancing German troops invading Poland in September 1939. Julius's family escaped from Bialystok, Poland, to Vilna, Lithuania, eventually making their way through the Soviet Union to Palestine, where they had previously lived.
]]></description>
                <author>webmaster@ushmm.org (USHMM)</author>
                <pubDate>Wed, 1 Jul 2009 09:00:00 -0500</pubDate>
                <guid>https://www.ushmm.org#When:05:00:58Z</guid>

                <itunes:keywords>emigration, fear, poland</itunes:keywords>

                <itunes:author>United States Holocaust Memorial Museum</itunes:author>

                
                    <itunes:subtitle></itunes:subtitle>
                

                <itunes:summary><![CDATA[
	Julius Menn discusses his family's flight eastward from advancing German troops invading Poland in September 1939. Julius's family escaped from Bialystok, Poland, to Vilna, Lithuania, eventually making their way through the Soviet Union to Palestine, where they had previously lived.
]]></itunes:summary>
                
                    <enclosure url="http://www.podtrac.com/pts/redirect.mp3?https://www.ushmm.org/m/audio/FP_20090701.mp3" length="8707242" type="audio/mpeg"/>
                

                <dc:subject><![CDATA[emigration, fear, poland]]></dc:subject>
            </item><item>
                <title><![CDATA[Isak Danon: Attack on the Synagogue in Split]]></title>
                <link>https://www.ushmm.org</link>
                <description><![CDATA[
	Isak Danon discusses the attack on the synagogue in his hometown of Split, Yugoslavia, in the summer of 1942. Germany had invaded Yugoslavia in April 1941, and shortly after Split was occupied by the Italians, allied to Nazi Germany.
]]></description>
                <author>webmaster@ushmm.org (USHMM)</author>
                <pubDate>Tue, 30 Jun 2009 09:00:00 -0500</pubDate>
                <guid>https://www.ushmm.org#When:05:00:53Z</guid>

                <itunes:keywords>italian fascists, yugoslavia</itunes:keywords>

                <itunes:author>United States Holocaust Memorial Museum</itunes:author>

                
                    <itunes:subtitle></itunes:subtitle>
                

                <itunes:summary><![CDATA[
	Isak Danon discusses the attack on the synagogue in his hometown of Split, Yugoslavia, in the summer of 1942. Germany had invaded Yugoslavia in April 1941, and shortly after Split was occupied by the Italians, allied to Nazi Germany.
]]></itunes:summary>
                
                    <enclosure url="http://www.podtrac.com/pts/redirect.mp3?https://www.ushmm.org/m/audio/FP_20090630.mp3" length="7606755" type="audio/mpeg"/>
                

                <dc:subject><![CDATA[italian fascists, yugoslavia]]></dc:subject>
            </item><item>
                <title><![CDATA[Fritz Gluckstein: Berlin in the Aftermath of World War II]]></title>
                <link>https://www.ushmm.org</link>
                <description><![CDATA[
	Fritz Gluckstein discusses life immediately after World War II in Berlin and his eventual immigration to the United States. Born to a Jewish father and Christian mother, he was classified under Nazi law as Mischlinge, of mixed ancestry, or part Jewish. He spent the war in Berlin assigned to various forced labor battalions.
]]></description>
                <author>webmaster@ushmm.org (USHMM)</author>
                <pubDate>Wed, 24 Jun 2009 09:00:00 -0500</pubDate>
                <guid>https://www.ushmm.org#When:05:00:38Z</guid>

                <itunes:keywords>berlin, emigration, liberation, separation from family</itunes:keywords>

                <itunes:author>United States Holocaust Memorial Museum</itunes:author>

                
                    <itunes:subtitle></itunes:subtitle>
                

                <itunes:summary><![CDATA[
	Fritz Gluckstein discusses life immediately after World War II in Berlin and his eventual immigration to the United States. Born to a Jewish father and Christian mother, he was classified under Nazi law as Mischlinge, of mixed ancestry, or part Jewish. He spent the war in Berlin assigned to various forced labor battalions.
]]></itunes:summary>
                
                    <enclosure url="http://www.podtrac.com/pts/redirect.mp3?https://www.ushmm.org/m/audio/FP_20090624.mp3" length="6170648" type="audio/mpeg"/>
                

                <dc:subject><![CDATA[berlin, emigration, liberation, separation from family]]></dc:subject>
            </item><item>
                <title><![CDATA[Helen Luksenburg: Forming a Friendship in Gleiwitz]]></title>
                <link>https://www.ushmm.org</link>
                <description><![CDATA[
	Helen Luksenburg discusses forming a close friendship with Welek, now William Luksenburg, a fellow prisoner in Gleiwitz, a subcamp of the Auschwitz concentration camp.
]]></description>
                <author>webmaster@ushmm.org (USHMM)</author>
                <pubDate>Tue, 23 Jun 2009 09:00:00 -0500</pubDate>
                <guid>https://www.ushmm.org#When:05:00:06Z</guid>

                <itunes:keywords>auschwitz, gleiwitz, hope, poland</itunes:keywords>

                <itunes:author>United States Holocaust Memorial Museum</itunes:author>

                
                    <itunes:subtitle></itunes:subtitle>
                

                <itunes:summary><![CDATA[
	Helen Luksenburg discusses forming a close friendship with Welek, now William Luksenburg, a fellow prisoner in Gleiwitz, a subcamp of the Auschwitz concentration camp.
]]></itunes:summary>
                
                    <enclosure url="http://www.podtrac.com/pts/redirect.mp3?https://www.ushmm.org/m/audio/FP_20090623.mp3" length="5050099" type="audio/mpeg"/>
                

                <dc:subject><![CDATA[auschwitz, gleiwitz, hope, poland]]></dc:subject>
            </item><item>
                <title><![CDATA[Louise Lawrence-Israëls: First Days of Freedom]]></title>
                <link>https://www.ushmm.org</link>
                <description><![CDATA[Louise Lawrence-Israëls discusses her first memories of freedom after over two years spent in hiding with her family in an apartment in Amsterdam. In May 1945, Canadian forces liberated Amsterdam. Louise was three years old and initially had difficulty adjusting to the world outside the apartment, having never been outside for the duration of the hiding.]]></description>
                <author>webmaster@ushmm.org (USHMM)</author>
                <pubDate>Wed, 17 Jun 2009 09:00:00 -0500</pubDate>
                <guid>https://www.ushmm.org#When:05:00:00Z</guid>

                <itunes:keywords>hidden children, liberation, the netherlands</itunes:keywords>

                <itunes:author>United States Holocaust Memorial Museum</itunes:author>

                
                    <itunes:subtitle></itunes:subtitle>
                

                <itunes:summary><![CDATA[Louise Lawrence-Israëls discusses her first memories of freedom after over two years spent in hiding with her family in an apartment in Amsterdam. In May 1945, Canadian forces liberated Amsterdam. Louise was three years old and initially had difficulty adjusting to the world outside the apartment, having never been outside for the duration of the hiding.]]></itunes:summary>
                
                    <enclosure url="http://www.podtrac.com/pts/redirect.mp3?https://www.ushmm.org/m/audio/FP_20090617.mp3" length="5674948" type="audio/mpeg"/>
                

                <dc:subject><![CDATA[hidden children, liberation, the netherlands]]></dc:subject>
            </item><item>
                <title><![CDATA[David Bayer: Life After the German Invasion of Poland]]></title>
                <link>https://www.ushmm.org</link>
                <description><![CDATA[
	David Bayer discusses life in his hometown of Kozienice after the German invasion of Poland in September, 1939. Shortly after the invasion David and his family were harassed, humiliated, and subjected to acts of violence by the German occupiers and their collaborators.
]]></description>
                <author>webmaster@ushmm.org (USHMM)</author>
                <pubDate>Tue, 16 Jun 2009 09:00:00 -0500</pubDate>
                <guid>https://www.ushmm.org#When:05:00:01Z</guid>

                <itunes:keywords>antisemitism, humiliation, life before, poland</itunes:keywords>

                <itunes:author>United States Holocaust Memorial Museum</itunes:author>

                
                    <itunes:subtitle></itunes:subtitle>
                

                <itunes:summary><![CDATA[
	David Bayer discusses life in his hometown of Kozienice after the German invasion of Poland in September, 1939. Shortly after the invasion David and his family were harassed, humiliated, and subjected to acts of violence by the German occupiers and their collaborators.
]]></itunes:summary>
                
                    <enclosure url="http://www.podtrac.com/pts/redirect.mp3?https://www.ushmm.org/m/audio/FP_20090616.mp3" length="6914197" type="audio/mpeg"/>
                

                <dc:subject><![CDATA[antisemitism, humiliation, life before, poland]]></dc:subject>
            </item><item>
                <title><![CDATA[Susan Taube: Deportation to the Riga Ghetto]]></title>
                <link>https://www.ushmm.org</link>
                <description><![CDATA[Susan Taube discusses her deportation from Berlin to the ghetto in Riga, Latvia, and the days immediately following. She was deported in January, 1942, along with her mother, sister, and grandmother.]]></description>
                <author>webmaster@ushmm.org (USHMM)</author>
                <pubDate>Tue, 9 Jun 2009 09:00:00 -0500</pubDate>
                <guid>https://www.ushmm.org#When:05:00:00Z</guid>

                <itunes:keywords>berlin, deportation, separation from family, ghettos</itunes:keywords>

                <itunes:author>United States Holocaust Memorial Museum</itunes:author>

                
                    <itunes:subtitle></itunes:subtitle>
                

                <itunes:summary><![CDATA[Susan Taube discusses her deportation from Berlin to the ghetto in Riga, Latvia, and the days immediately following. She was deported in January, 1942, along with her mother, sister, and grandmother.]]></itunes:summary>
                
                    <enclosure url="http://www.podtrac.com/pts/redirect.mp3?https://www.ushmm.org/m/audio/FP_20090609.mp3" length="6862788" type="audio/mpeg"/>
                

                <dc:subject><![CDATA[berlin, deportation, separation from family, ghettos]]></dc:subject>
            </item><item>
                <title><![CDATA[Morris Rosen: Forced Evacuation]]></title>
                <link>https://www.ushmm.org</link>
                <description><![CDATA[
	Morris Rosen discusses his evacuation and forced march on foot in February 1945 from a subcamp of the Gross Rosen concentration camp in Poland to the Theresienstadt camp in Czechoslovakia. In an effort to cover up their crimes and prevent prisoners from falling into enemy hands, Nazi officials evacuated prisoners from camp to camp in what became known as "death marches."
]]></description>
                <author>webmaster@ushmm.org (USHMM)</author>
                <pubDate>Wed, 3 Jun 2009 09:00:00 -0500</pubDate>
                <guid>https://www.ushmm.org#When:05:00:42Z</guid>

                <itunes:keywords>death march, faith, hope, hunger</itunes:keywords>

                <itunes:author>United States Holocaust Memorial Museum</itunes:author>

                
                    <itunes:subtitle></itunes:subtitle>
                

                <itunes:summary><![CDATA[
	Morris Rosen discusses his evacuation and forced march on foot in February 1945 from a subcamp of the Gross Rosen concentration camp in Poland to the Theresienstadt camp in Czechoslovakia. In an effort to cover up their crimes and prevent prisoners from falling into enemy hands, Nazi officials evacuated prisoners from camp to camp in what became known as "death marches."
]]></itunes:summary>
                
                    <enclosure url="http://www.podtrac.com/pts/redirect.mp3?https://www.ushmm.org/m/audio/FP_20090603.mp3" length="5611000" type="audio/mpeg"/>
                

                <dc:subject><![CDATA[death march, faith, hope, hunger]]></dc:subject>
            </item><item>
                <title><![CDATA[Esther Starobin: Fate of Family that Remained in Germany]]></title>
                <link>https://www.ushmm.org</link>
                <description><![CDATA[Esther Starobin and her three sisters left Germany for Great Britain in 1939 as part of a special rescue of Jewish children known as the Kindertransport, or children’s transport. In this episode, Esther discusses how she learned the fate of her parents and brother who remained in Germany after she and her sisters had left.]]></description>
                <author>webmaster@ushmm.org (USHMM)</author>
                <pubDate>Tue, 2 Jun 2009 09:00:00 -0500</pubDate>
                <guid>https://www.ushmm.org#When:05:00:00Z</guid>

                <itunes:keywords>england, kindertransport, separation from family</itunes:keywords>

                <itunes:author>United States Holocaust Memorial Museum</itunes:author>

                
                    <itunes:subtitle></itunes:subtitle>
                

                <itunes:summary><![CDATA[Esther Starobin and her three sisters left Germany for Great Britain in 1939 as part of a special rescue of Jewish children known as the Kindertransport, or children’s transport. In this episode, Esther discusses how she learned the fate of her parents and brother who remained in Germany after she and her sisters had left.]]></itunes:summary>
                
                    <enclosure url="http://www.podtrac.com/pts/redirect.mp3?https://www.ushmm.org/m/audio/FP_20090602.mp3" length="6688081" type="audio/mpeg"/>
                

                <dc:subject><![CDATA[england, kindertransport, separation from family]]></dc:subject>
            </item><item>
                <title><![CDATA[Manya Friedman: Death March to Ravensbrück]]></title>
                <link>https://www.ushmm.org</link>
                <description><![CDATA[
	Manya Friedman discusses her evacuation from Gleiwitz, a subcamp of Auschwitz, to the Ravensbrück concentration camp in January 1945. In an effort to cover up their crimes and prevent prisoners from falling into enemy hands, the Nazis evacuated prisoners in what became known as death marches.
]]></description>
                <author>webmaster@ushmm.org (USHMM)</author>
                <pubDate>Wed, 27 May 2009 09:00:00 -0500</pubDate>
                <guid>https://www.ushmm.org#When:05:00:15Z</guid>

                <itunes:keywords>death march, gleiwitz, hunger, poland, ravensbrück</itunes:keywords>

                <itunes:author>United States Holocaust Memorial Museum</itunes:author>

                
                    <itunes:subtitle></itunes:subtitle>
                

                <itunes:summary><![CDATA[
	Manya Friedman discusses her evacuation from Gleiwitz, a subcamp of Auschwitz, to the Ravensbrück concentration camp in January 1945. In an effort to cover up their crimes and prevent prisoners from falling into enemy hands, the Nazis evacuated prisoners in what became known as death marches.
]]></itunes:summary>
                
                    <enclosure url="http://www.podtrac.com/pts/redirect.mp3?https://www.ushmm.org/m/audio/FP_20090527.mp3" length="6270958" type="audio/mpeg"/>
                

                <dc:subject><![CDATA[death march, gleiwitz, hunger, poland, ravensbrück]]></dc:subject>
            </item><item>
                <title><![CDATA[Gerald Liebenau: Memories of Kristallnacht]]></title>
                <link>https://www.ushmm.org</link>
                <description><![CDATA[
	In today’s episode Gerald Liebenau discusses his memories of Kristallnacht, also known as the “Night of Broken Glass.” On November 9-10, 1938, a wave of violent anti-Jewish pogroms erupted around Germany, leaving Jewish owned businesses and synagogues plundered and destroyed.
]]></description>
                <author>webmaster@ushmm.org (USHMM)</author>
                <pubDate>Tue, 26 May 2009 09:00:00 -0500</pubDate>
                <guid>https://www.ushmm.org#When:05:00:18Z</guid>

                <itunes:keywords>antisemitism, berlin, kristallnacht</itunes:keywords>

                <itunes:author>United States Holocaust Memorial Museum</itunes:author>

                
                    <itunes:subtitle></itunes:subtitle>
                

                <itunes:summary><![CDATA[
	In today’s episode Gerald Liebenau discusses his memories of Kristallnacht, also known as the “Night of Broken Glass.” On November 9-10, 1938, a wave of violent anti-Jewish pogroms erupted around Germany, leaving Jewish owned businesses and synagogues plundered and destroyed.
]]></itunes:summary>
                
                    <enclosure url="http://www.podtrac.com/pts/redirect.mp3?https://www.ushmm.org/m/audio/FP_20090526.mp3" length="6179425" type="audio/mpeg"/>
                

                <dc:subject><![CDATA[antisemitism, berlin, kristallnacht]]></dc:subject>
            </item><item>
                <title><![CDATA[Freddie Traum: Evacuated to England]]></title>
                <link>https://www.ushmm.org</link>
                <description><![CDATA[Freddie Traum discusses life as a refugee in Great Britain during World War II. Freddie and his sister were sent from their home in Austria to England as part of the Kindertransport, the special transport that brought thousands of refugee Jewish children to Great Britain from Nazi Germany between 1938 and 1940. Freddie initially lived with a family in London but was evacuated to the countryside, along with other Londoners, when Great Britain declared war on Germany in September of 1939.]]></description>
                <author>webmaster@ushmm.org (USHMM)</author>
                <pubDate>Wed, 20 May 2009 09:00:00 -0500</pubDate>
                <guid>https://www.ushmm.org#When:05:00:00Z</guid>

                <itunes:keywords>emigration, england, kindertransport, separation from family, vienna</itunes:keywords>

                <itunes:author>United States Holocaust Memorial Museum</itunes:author>

                
                    <itunes:subtitle></itunes:subtitle>
                

                <itunes:summary><![CDATA[Freddie Traum discusses life as a refugee in Great Britain during World War II. Freddie and his sister were sent from their home in Austria to England as part of the Kindertransport, the special transport that brought thousands of refugee Jewish children to Great Britain from Nazi Germany between 1938 and 1940. Freddie initially lived with a family in London but was evacuated to the countryside, along with other Londoners, when Great Britain declared war on Germany in September of 1939.]]></itunes:summary>
                
                    <enclosure url="http://www.podtrac.com/pts/redirect.mp3?https://www.ushmm.org/m/audio/FP_20090520.mp3" length="8722288" type="audio/mpeg"/>
                

                <dc:subject><![CDATA[emigration, england, kindertransport, separation from family, vienna]]></dc:subject>
            </item><item>
                <title><![CDATA[Charlene Schiff: A Daughter&#8217;s Separation from Her Mother]]></title>
                <link>https://www.ushmm.org</link>
                <description><![CDATA[Charlene Schiff discusses her and her mother’s escape in 1942 from the Horochow ghetto in Poland. Soon after their escape, Charlene was separated from her mother. She spent the rest of the war looking for her mother and hiding for her life in the forests.]]></description>
                <author>webmaster@ushmm.org (USHMM)</author>
                <pubDate>Tue, 19 May 2009 09:00:00 -0500</pubDate>
                <guid>https://www.ushmm.org#When:05:00:00Z</guid>

                <itunes:keywords>fear, neighbors, poland, separation from family, ghettos</itunes:keywords>

                <itunes:author>United States Holocaust Memorial Museum</itunes:author>

                
                    <itunes:subtitle></itunes:subtitle>
                

                <itunes:summary><![CDATA[Charlene Schiff discusses her and her mother’s escape in 1942 from the Horochow ghetto in Poland. Soon after their escape, Charlene was separated from her mother. She spent the rest of the war looking for her mother and hiding for her life in the forests.]]></itunes:summary>
                
                    <enclosure url="http://www.podtrac.com/pts/redirect.mp3?https://www.ushmm.org/m/audio/FP_20090519.mp3" length="10071878" type="audio/mpeg"/>
                

                <dc:subject><![CDATA[fear, neighbors, poland, separation from family, ghettos]]></dc:subject>
            </item><item>
                <title><![CDATA[Gideon Frieder: Safe Harbor Among a Slovak Family]]></title>
                <link>https://www.ushmm.org</link>
                <description><![CDATA[
	Gideon discusses the time he spent hiding with a Catholic Slovak family. After his mother and sister perished in a German attack at Banska Bystrica, Gideon was rescued by the Slovak partisans and placed with the Strycharszyk family, who went to great lengths to hide and protect him.
]]></description>
                <author>webmaster@ushmm.org (USHMM)</author>
                <pubDate>Wed, 13 May 2009 09:00:00 -0500</pubDate>
                <guid>https://www.ushmm.org#When:05:00:57Z</guid>

                <itunes:keywords>hidden children, slovakia</itunes:keywords>

                <itunes:author>United States Holocaust Memorial Museum</itunes:author>

                
                    <itunes:subtitle></itunes:subtitle>
                

                <itunes:summary><![CDATA[
	Gideon discusses the time he spent hiding with a Catholic Slovak family. After his mother and sister perished in a German attack at Banska Bystrica, Gideon was rescued by the Slovak partisans and placed with the Strycharszyk family, who went to great lengths to hide and protect him.
]]></itunes:summary>
                
                    <enclosure url="http://www.podtrac.com/pts/redirect.mp3?https://www.ushmm.org/m/audio/FP_20090513.mp3" length="11578621" type="audio/mpeg"/>
                

                <dc:subject><![CDATA[hidden children, slovakia]]></dc:subject>
            </item><item>
                <title><![CDATA[Nesse Godin: A Day in the Siauliai Ghetto]]></title>
                <link>https://www.ushmm.org</link>
                <description><![CDATA[Nesse Godin discusses the day her father was rounded up and deported with a group of others in the Siauliai ghetto, in Lithuania. Nesse never saw him again.]]></description>
                <author>webmaster@ushmm.org (USHMM)</author>
                <pubDate>Tue, 12 May 2009 09:00:00 -0500</pubDate>
                <guid>https://www.ushmm.org#When:05:00:00Z</guid>

                <itunes:keywords>deportation, fear, lithuania, separation from family, ghettos</itunes:keywords>

                <itunes:author>United States Holocaust Memorial Museum</itunes:author>

                
                    <itunes:subtitle></itunes:subtitle>
                

                <itunes:summary><![CDATA[Nesse Godin discusses the day her father was rounded up and deported with a group of others in the Siauliai ghetto, in Lithuania. Nesse never saw him again.]]></itunes:summary>
                
                    <enclosure url="http://www.podtrac.com/pts/redirect.mp3?https://www.ushmm.org/m/audio/FP_20090512.mp3" length="6437723" type="audio/mpeg"/>
                

                <dc:subject><![CDATA[deportation, fear, lithuania, separation from family, ghettos]]></dc:subject>
            </item><item>
                <title><![CDATA[Inge Katzenstein: Refuge In Kenya]]></title>
                <link>https://www.ushmm.org</link>
                <description><![CDATA[
	Inge Katzenstein discusses fleeing Nazi Germany in 1939 and finding refuge along with her family in Kenya, where they remained during the war.
]]></description>
                <author>webmaster@ushmm.org (USHMM)</author>
                <pubDate>Wed, 6 May 2009 09:00:00 -0500</pubDate>
                <guid>https://www.ushmm.org#When:05:00:43Z</guid>

                <itunes:keywords>emigration, refugee</itunes:keywords>

                <itunes:author>United States Holocaust Memorial Museum</itunes:author>

                
                    <itunes:subtitle></itunes:subtitle>
                

                <itunes:summary><![CDATA[
	Inge Katzenstein discusses fleeing Nazi Germany in 1939 and finding refuge along with her family in Kenya, where they remained during the war.
]]></itunes:summary>
                
                    <enclosure url="http://www.podtrac.com/pts/redirect.mp3?https://www.ushmm.org/m/audio/FP_20090506.mp3" length="10063519" type="audio/mpeg"/>
                

                <dc:subject><![CDATA[emigration, refugee]]></dc:subject>
            </item><item>
                <title><![CDATA[Martin Weiss: Selection at Auschwitz]]></title>
                <link>https://www.ushmm.org</link>
                <description><![CDATA[
	Martin Weiss discusses his deportation in May 1944 from the ghetto in Munkacs, then part of Hungary, and his arrival at Auschwitz-Birkenau, the largest Nazi killing center.
]]></description>
                <author>webmaster@ushmm.org (USHMM)</author>
                <pubDate>Tue, 5 May 2009 09:00:00 -0500</pubDate>
                <guid>https://www.ushmm.org#When:05:00:12Z</guid>

                <itunes:keywords>auschwitz, deportation, final solution, uniforms</itunes:keywords>

                <itunes:author>United States Holocaust Memorial Museum</itunes:author>

                
                    <itunes:subtitle></itunes:subtitle>
                

                <itunes:summary><![CDATA[
	Martin Weiss discusses his deportation in May 1944 from the ghetto in Munkacs, then part of Hungary, and his arrival at Auschwitz-Birkenau, the largest Nazi killing center.
]]></itunes:summary>
                
                    <enclosure url="http://www.podtrac.com/pts/redirect.mp3?https://www.ushmm.org/m/audio/FP_20090505.mp3" length="9378484" type="audio/mpeg"/>
                

                <dc:subject><![CDATA[auschwitz, deportation, final solution, uniforms]]></dc:subject>
            </item><item>
                <title><![CDATA[Leon Merrick: Evacuation and Arrival at Buchenwald]]></title>
                <link>https://www.ushmm.org</link>
                <description><![CDATA[
	In December 1944, as the Soviet army approached the slave labor camp in Poland where Leon Merrick was imprisoned, the Germans evacuated him to the Buchenwald concentration camp in Germany. Leon shares his recollections of the evacuation and his first day in Buchenwald.
]]></description>
                <author>webmaster@ushmm.org (USHMM)</author>
                <pubDate>Wed, 29 Apr 2009 09:00:00 -0500</pubDate>
                <guid>https://www.ushmm.org#When:05:00:35Z</guid>

                <itunes:keywords>buchenwald, final solution, forced labor, humiliation, uniforms</itunes:keywords>

                <itunes:author>United States Holocaust Memorial Museum</itunes:author>

                
                    <itunes:subtitle></itunes:subtitle>
                

                <itunes:summary><![CDATA[
	In December 1944, as the Soviet army approached the slave labor camp in Poland where Leon Merrick was imprisoned, the Germans evacuated him to the Buchenwald concentration camp in Germany. Leon shares his recollections of the evacuation and his first day in Buchenwald.
]]></itunes:summary>
                
                    <enclosure url="http://www.podtrac.com/pts/redirect.mp3?https://www.ushmm.org/m/audio/FP_20090429.mp3" length="8634935" type="audio/mpeg"/>
                

                <dc:subject><![CDATA[buchenwald, final solution, forced labor, humiliation, uniforms]]></dc:subject>
            </item><item>
                <title><![CDATA[Marcel Drimer: Escaping the &#8220;Concert of Death&#8221;]]></title>
                <link>https://www.ushmm.org</link>
                <description><![CDATA[
	Marcel Drimer, his sister, and mother hid in a wheat field while a German aktion—a violent operation against Jewish civilians— occurred in their town of Drohobycz, Poland, in August 1942.
]]></description>
                <author>webmaster@ushmm.org (USHMM)</author>
                <pubDate>Wed, 15 Apr 2009 09:00:00 -0500</pubDate>
                <guid>https://www.ushmm.org#When:05:00:24Z</guid>

                <itunes:keywords>aktion, deportation, poland</itunes:keywords>

                <itunes:author>United States Holocaust Memorial Museum</itunes:author>

                
                    <itunes:subtitle></itunes:subtitle>
                

                <itunes:summary><![CDATA[
	Marcel Drimer, his sister, and mother hid in a wheat field while a German aktion—a violent operation against Jewish civilians— occurred in their town of Drohobycz, Poland, in August 1942.
]]></itunes:summary>
                
                    <enclosure url="http://www.podtrac.com/pts/redirect.mp3?https://www.ushmm.org/m/audio/FP_20090415.mp3" length="8750292" type="audio/mpeg"/>
                

                <dc:subject><![CDATA[aktion, deportation, poland]]></dc:subject>
            </item><item>
                <title><![CDATA[Herman Taube: Writing Poetry before the Holocaust]]></title>
                <link>https://www.ushmm.org</link>
                <description><![CDATA[
	Herman Taube discusses his love of poetry and how he began writing it as a young boy in Lodz, Poland, before World War II.
]]></description>
                <author>webmaster@ushmm.org (USHMM)</author>
                <pubDate>Tue, 14 Apr 2009 09:00:00 -0500</pubDate>
                <guid>https://www.ushmm.org#When:05:00:00Z</guid>

                <itunes:keywords>life before, lodz, poland</itunes:keywords>

                <itunes:author>United States Holocaust Memorial Museum</itunes:author>

                
                    <itunes:subtitle></itunes:subtitle>
                

                <itunes:summary><![CDATA[
	Herman Taube discusses his love of poetry and how he began writing it as a young boy in Lodz, Poland, before World War II.
]]></itunes:summary>
                
                    <enclosure url="http://www.podtrac.com/pts/redirect.mp3?https://www.ushmm.org/m/audio/FP_20090414.mp3" length="4619601" type="audio/mpeg"/>
                

                <dc:subject><![CDATA[life before, lodz, poland]]></dc:subject>
            </item><item>
                <title><![CDATA[Rabbi Jacob G. Wiener: Arrest on Kristallnacht]]></title>
                <link>https://www.ushmm.org</link>
                <description><![CDATA[Rabbi Jacob G. Wiener discusses his experience during Kristallnacht, known as the “Night of Broken Glass,” on November 9–10, 1938. He was arrested and his mother was murdered as a wave of violent anti-Jewish pogroms swept across Germany.]]></description>
                <author>webmaster@ushmm.org (USHMM)</author>
                <pubDate>Wed, 25 Mar 2009 09:00:00 -0500</pubDate>
                <guid>https://www.ushmm.org#When:05:00:00Z</guid>

                <itunes:keywords>arrest, kristallnacht</itunes:keywords>

                <itunes:author>United States Holocaust Memorial Museum</itunes:author>

                
                    <itunes:subtitle></itunes:subtitle>
                

                <itunes:summary><![CDATA[Rabbi Jacob G. Wiener discusses his experience during Kristallnacht, known as the “Night of Broken Glass,” on November 9–10, 1938. He was arrested and his mother was murdered as a wave of violent anti-Jewish pogroms swept across Germany.]]></itunes:summary>
                
                    <enclosure url="http://www.podtrac.com/pts/redirect.mp3?https://www.ushmm.org/m/audio/FP_20090325.mp3" length="6871565" type="audio/mpeg"/>
                

                <dc:subject><![CDATA[arrest, kristallnacht]]></dc:subject>
            </item><item>
                <title><![CDATA[Halina Peabody: Living under a False Identity]]></title>
                <link>https://www.ushmm.org</link>
                <description><![CDATA[Halina Peabody discusses living in Jaroslaw, Poland, under false papers identifying her as a Catholic. A local woman took Halina and her mother and sister in and gave them a place to live, while never suspecting they were Jews hiding as Catholics.]]></description>
                <author>webmaster@ushmm.org (USHMM)</author>
                <pubDate>Wed, 18 Mar 2009 09:00:00 -0500</pubDate>
                <guid>https://www.ushmm.org#When:05:00:00Z</guid>

                <itunes:keywords>antisemitism, false papers, hidden children, poland</itunes:keywords>

                <itunes:author>United States Holocaust Memorial Museum</itunes:author>

                
                    <itunes:subtitle></itunes:subtitle>
                

                <itunes:summary><![CDATA[Halina Peabody discusses living in Jaroslaw, Poland, under false papers identifying her as a Catholic. A local woman took Halina and her mother and sister in and gave them a place to live, while never suspecting they were Jews hiding as Catholics.]]></itunes:summary>
                
                    <enclosure url="http://www.podtrac.com/pts/redirect.mp3?https://www.ushmm.org/m/audio/FP_20090318.mp3" length="6499581" type="audio/mpeg"/>
                

                <dc:subject><![CDATA[antisemitism, false papers, hidden children, poland]]></dc:subject>
            </item><item>
                <title><![CDATA[Erika Eckstut: A Young Girl&#8217;s Experience in the Ghetto]]></title>
                <link>https://www.ushmm.org</link>
                <description><![CDATA[Erika Eckstut discusses the difficulties and dangers of life in the Czernowitz ghetto in what was then Romania (and today is western Ukraine). Erika was an adventurous teenager and her father went to great lengths to protect her and maintain her education.]]></description>
                <author>webmaster@ushmm.org (USHMM)</author>
                <pubDate>Wed, 4 Mar 2009 09:00:00 -0500</pubDate>
                <guid>https://www.ushmm.org#When:06:00:00Z</guid>

                <itunes:keywords>education, hunger, neighbors, romania, yellow star, ghettos</itunes:keywords>

                <itunes:author>United States Holocaust Memorial Museum</itunes:author>

                
                    <itunes:subtitle></itunes:subtitle>
                

                <itunes:summary><![CDATA[Erika Eckstut discusses the difficulties and dangers of life in the Czernowitz ghetto in what was then Romania (and today is western Ukraine). Erika was an adventurous teenager and her father went to great lengths to protect her and maintain her education.]]></itunes:summary>
                
                    <enclosure url="http://www.podtrac.com/pts/redirect.mp3?https://www.ushmm.org/m/audio/FP_20090304.mp3" length="6869057" type="audio/mpeg"/>
                

                <dc:subject><![CDATA[education, hunger, neighbors, romania, yellow star, ghettos]]></dc:subject>
            </item><item>
                <title><![CDATA[Leon Merrick: Importance of Work in the Lodz Ghetto]]></title>
                <link>https://www.ushmm.org</link>
                <description><![CDATA[Leon Merrick's job delivering mail in the Lodz ghetto became all the more difficult over time as Nazi deportations to the extermination camps increased and he was often given the task of delivering notices for deportation.]]></description>
                <author>webmaster@ushmm.org (USHMM)</author>
                <pubDate>Tue, 1 Jul 2008 09:00:00 -0500</pubDate>
                <guid>https://www.ushmm.org#When:04:59:00Z</guid>

                <itunes:keywords>forced labor, hunger, lodz, poland, ghettos</itunes:keywords>

                <itunes:author>United States Holocaust Memorial Museum</itunes:author>

                
                    <itunes:subtitle></itunes:subtitle>
                

                <itunes:summary><![CDATA[Leon Merrick's job delivering mail in the Lodz ghetto became all the more difficult over time as Nazi deportations to the extermination camps increased and he was often given the task of delivering notices for deportation.]]></itunes:summary>
                
                    <enclosure url="http://www.podtrac.com/pts/redirect.mp3?https://www.ushmm.org/m/audio/FP_20080701.mp3" length="6393837" type="audio/mpeg"/>
                

                <dc:subject><![CDATA[forced labor, hunger, lodz, poland, ghettos]]></dc:subject>
            </item><item>
                <title><![CDATA[Louise Lawrence-Israëls: A Family’s Efforts to Create a “Normal Life” while in Hiding]]></title>
                <link>https://www.ushmm.org</link>
                <description><![CDATA[Louise Lawrence-Israëls shares memories from her early childhood spent hiding in Amsterdam. In 1942, six-month-old Louise and her family went into hiding on the fourth floor of a rowhouse, where they remained until the end of the war in 1945.]]></description>
                <author>webmaster@ushmm.org (USHMM)</author>
                <pubDate>Wed, 25 Jun 2008 09:00:00 -0500</pubDate>
                <guid>https://www.ushmm.org#When:05:00:00Z</guid>

                <itunes:keywords>amsterdam, hidden children, hiding, hope, the netherlands</itunes:keywords>

                <itunes:author>United States Holocaust Memorial Museum</itunes:author>

                
                    <itunes:subtitle></itunes:subtitle>
                

                <itunes:summary><![CDATA[Louise Lawrence-Israëls shares memories from her early childhood spent hiding in Amsterdam. In 1942, six-month-old Louise and her family went into hiding on the fourth floor of a rowhouse, where they remained until the end of the war in 1945.]]></itunes:summary>
                
                    <enclosure url="http://www.podtrac.com/pts/redirect.mp3?https://www.ushmm.org/m/audio/FP_20080625.mp3" length="8363261" type="audio/mpeg"/>
                

                <dc:subject><![CDATA[amsterdam, hidden children, hiding, hope, the netherlands]]></dc:subject>
            </item><item>
                <title><![CDATA[Helen Goldkind: Arrival at Auschwitz]]></title>
                <link>https://www.ushmm.org</link>
                <description><![CDATA[
	Helen Goldkind discusses her deportation and arrival at Auschwitz-Birkenau, the largest Nazi killing center.
]]></description>
                <author>webmaster@ushmm.org (USHMM)</author>
                <pubDate>Tue, 17 Jun 2008 09:00:00 -0500</pubDate>
                <guid>https://www.ushmm.org#When:05:00:46Z</guid>

                <itunes:keywords>auschwitz, deportation, final solution, humiliation, poland</itunes:keywords>

                <itunes:author>United States Holocaust Memorial Museum</itunes:author>

                
                    <itunes:subtitle></itunes:subtitle>
                

                <itunes:summary><![CDATA[
	Helen Goldkind discusses her deportation and arrival at Auschwitz-Birkenau, the largest Nazi killing center.
]]></itunes:summary>
                
                    <enclosure url="http://www.podtrac.com/pts/redirect.mp3?https://www.ushmm.org/m/audio/FP_20080617.mp3" length="8238292" type="audio/mpeg"/>
                

                <dc:subject><![CDATA[auschwitz, deportation, final solution, humiliation, poland]]></dc:subject>
            </item><item>
                <title><![CDATA[Jacqueline Mendels Birn: Flight from Paris]]></title>
                <link>https://www.ushmm.org</link>
                <description><![CDATA[
	Jacqueline Mendels Birn discusses her family’s flight in July 1942 from German-occupied Paris to the southern “free” French zone known as Vichy.
]]></description>
                <author>webmaster@ushmm.org (USHMM)</author>
                <pubDate>Tue, 10 Jun 2008 09:00:00 -0500</pubDate>
                <guid>https://www.ushmm.org#When:05:00:24Z</guid>

                <itunes:keywords>fear, france, neighbors, paris</itunes:keywords>

                <itunes:author>United States Holocaust Memorial Museum</itunes:author>

                
                    <itunes:subtitle></itunes:subtitle>
                

                <itunes:summary><![CDATA[
	Jacqueline Mendels Birn discusses her family’s flight in July 1942 from German-occupied Paris to the southern “free” French zone known as Vichy.
]]></itunes:summary>
                
                    <enclosure url="http://www.podtrac.com/pts/redirect.mp3?https://www.ushmm.org/m/audio/FP_20080610.mp3" length="9051640" type="audio/mpeg"/>
                

                <dc:subject><![CDATA[fear, france, neighbors, paris]]></dc:subject>
            </item><item>
                <title><![CDATA[Helen Luksenburg: Survival in the Camps]]></title>
                <link>https://www.ushmm.org</link>
                <description><![CDATA[
	Helen Luksenburg discusses daily life, spiritual resistance, and forced labor in Gleiwitz, a subcamp of the Auschwitz concentration camp.
]]></description>
                <author>webmaster@ushmm.org (USHMM)</author>
                <pubDate>Tue, 3 Jun 2008 09:00:00 -0500</pubDate>
                <guid>https://www.ushmm.org#When:05:00:54Z</guid>

                <itunes:keywords>auschwitz, forced labor, gleiwitz, humiliation, hunger, spiritual resistance, tattoos, uniforms</itunes:keywords>

                <itunes:author>United States Holocaust Memorial Museum</itunes:author>

                
                    <itunes:subtitle></itunes:subtitle>
                

                <itunes:summary><![CDATA[
	Helen Luksenburg discusses daily life, spiritual resistance, and forced labor in Gleiwitz, a subcamp of the Auschwitz concentration camp.
]]></itunes:summary>
                
                    <enclosure url="http://www.podtrac.com/pts/redirect.mp3?https://www.ushmm.org/m/audio/FP_20080603.mp3" length="6573142" type="audio/mpeg"/>
                

                <dc:subject><![CDATA[auschwitz, forced labor, gleiwitz, humiliation, hunger, spiritual resistance, tattoos, uniforms]]></dc:subject>
            </item><item>
                <title><![CDATA[Martin Weiss: Reflections on Liberation]]></title>
                <link>https://www.ushmm.org</link>
                <description><![CDATA[
	Martin Weiss discusses his liberation from Gunskirchen, a subcamp of Mauthausen, in 1945 and the days immediately following.
]]></description>
                <author>webmaster@ushmm.org (USHMM)</author>
                <pubDate>Wed, 7 May 2008 09:00:00 -0500</pubDate>
                <guid>https://www.ushmm.org#When:05:00:50Z</guid>

                <itunes:keywords>gunskirchen, hunger, liberation, mauthausen</itunes:keywords>

                <itunes:author>United States Holocaust Memorial Museum</itunes:author>

                
                    <itunes:subtitle></itunes:subtitle>
                

                <itunes:summary><![CDATA[
	Martin Weiss discusses his liberation from Gunskirchen, a subcamp of Mauthausen, in 1945 and the days immediately following.
]]></itunes:summary>
                
                    <enclosure url="http://www.podtrac.com/pts/redirect.mp3?https://www.ushmm.org/m/audio/FP_20080507.mp3" length="7369772" type="audio/mpeg"/>
                

                <dc:subject><![CDATA[gunskirchen, hunger, liberation, mauthausen]]></dc:subject>
            </item><item>
                <title><![CDATA[Fritz Gluckstein: Protest at Rosenstrasse]]></title>
                <link>https://www.ushmm.org</link>
                <description><![CDATA[Fritz Gluckstein discusses multiple close calls with the Nazis in Berlin, his detainment at a Gestapo holding site at Rosenstrasse 2-4, and the subsequent public demonstration that brought about his release. I]]></description>
                <author>webmaster@ushmm.org (USHMM)</author>
                <pubDate>Wed, 26 Mar 2008 09:00:00 -0500</pubDate>
                <guid>https://www.ushmm.org#When:05:00:00Z</guid>

                <itunes:keywords>berlin, rosenstrasse, rescue and resistance</itunes:keywords>

                <itunes:author>United States Holocaust Memorial Museum</itunes:author>

                
                    <itunes:subtitle></itunes:subtitle>
                

                <itunes:summary><![CDATA[Fritz Gluckstein discusses multiple close calls with the Nazis in Berlin, his detainment at a Gestapo holding site at Rosenstrasse 2-4, and the subsequent public demonstration that brought about his release. I]]></itunes:summary>
                
                    <enclosure url="http://www.podtrac.com/pts/redirect.mp3?https://www.ushmm.org/m/audio/FP_20080326.mp3" length="8092842" type="audio/mpeg"/>
                

                <dc:subject><![CDATA[berlin, rosenstrasse, rescue and resistance]]></dc:subject>
            </item><item>
                <title><![CDATA[Fanny Aizenberg: A Mother’s Agonizing Decision]]></title>
                <link>https://www.ushmm.org</link>
                <description><![CDATA[
	Fanny Aizenberg discusses life for Belgian Jews after the German invasion in May 1940. Fanny’s husband heeded the call of the Royal Air Force asking for Belgian volunteers while Fanny took care of their young daughter in Belgium.
]]></description>
                <author>webmaster@ushmm.org (USHMM)</author>
                <pubDate>Wed, 19 Mar 2008 09:00:00 -0500</pubDate>
                <guid>https://www.ushmm.org#When:05:00:28Z</guid>

                <itunes:keywords>belgium, fear, hiding, separation from family</itunes:keywords>

                <itunes:author>United States Holocaust Memorial Museum</itunes:author>

                
                    <itunes:subtitle></itunes:subtitle>
                

                <itunes:summary><![CDATA[
	Fanny Aizenberg discusses life for Belgian Jews after the German invasion in May 1940. Fanny’s husband heeded the call of the Royal Air Force asking for Belgian volunteers while Fanny took care of their young daughter in Belgium.
]]></itunes:summary>
                
                    <enclosure url="http://www.podtrac.com/pts/redirect.mp3?https://www.ushmm.org/m/audio/FP_20080319.mp3" length="7249400" type="audio/mpeg"/>
                

                <dc:subject><![CDATA[belgium, fear, hiding, separation from family]]></dc:subject>
            </item><item>
                <title><![CDATA[Halina Peabody: Hiding in Plain Sight]]></title>
                <link>https://www.ushmm.org</link>
                <description><![CDATA[
	Halina Peabody discusses her mother’s decision to go into hiding as a family following the German invasion of Poland in 1939. Halina spent the war in Poland living under false papers identifying her as a Catholic.
]]></description>
                <author>webmaster@ushmm.org (USHMM)</author>
                <pubDate>Wed, 12 Mar 2008 09:00:00 -0500</pubDate>
                <guid>https://www.ushmm.org#When:05:00:31Z</guid>

                <itunes:keywords>aktion, hiding, poland</itunes:keywords>

                <itunes:author>United States Holocaust Memorial Museum</itunes:author>

                
                    <itunes:subtitle></itunes:subtitle>
                

                <itunes:summary><![CDATA[
	Halina Peabody discusses her mother’s decision to go into hiding as a family following the German invasion of Poland in 1939. Halina spent the war in Poland living under false papers identifying her as a Catholic.
]]></itunes:summary>
                
                    <enclosure url="http://www.podtrac.com/pts/redirect.mp3?https://www.ushmm.org/m/audio/FP_20080312.mp3" length="11585727" type="audio/mpeg"/>
                

                <dc:subject><![CDATA[aktion, hiding, poland]]></dc:subject>
            </item>
    </channel>
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