<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en-US" prefix="og: http://ogp.me/ns# fb: http://ogp.me/ns/fb#">
<head>
	<meta name="mobile-web-app-capable" content="yes" />
<meta name="apple-touch-fullscreen" content="yes" />
<meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-title" content="Flight Journal" />
<meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-capable" content="yes" />
<meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-status-bar-style" content="default" />
<link rel="apple-touch-startup-image" href="https://www.flightjournal.com/wp-content/themes/frontier-child/images/FJ_640x1136.png" media="(device-width: 320px) and (device-height: 568px) and (-webkit-device-pixel-ratio: 2) and (orientation: portrait)">
<link rel="apple-touch-startup-image" href="https://www.flightjournal.com/wp-content/themes/frontier-child/images/FJ_750x1294.png" media="(device-width: 375px) and (device-height: 667px) and (-webkit-device-pixel-ratio: 2) and (orientation: portrait)">
<link rel="apple-touch-startup-image" href="https://www.flightjournal.com/wp-content/themes/frontier-child/images/FJ_1242x2148.png" media="(device-width: 414px) and (device-height: 736px) and (-webkit-device-pixel-ratio: 3) and (orientation: portrait)">
<link rel="apple-touch-startup-image" href="https://www.flightjournal.com/wp-content/themes/frontier-child/images/FJ_1125x2436.png" media="(device-width: 375px) and (device-height: 812px) and (-webkit-device-pixel-ratio: 3) and (orientation: portrait)">
<link rel="apple-touch-startup-image" href="https://www.flightjournal.com/wp-content/themes/frontier-child/images/FJ_1536x2048.png" media="(min-device-width: 768px) and (max-device-width: 1024px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2) and (orientation: portrait)">
<link rel="apple-touch-startup-image" href="https://www.flightjournal.com/wp-content/themes/frontier-child/images/FJ_1668x2224.png" media="(min-device-width: 834px) and (max-device-width: 834px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2) and (orientation: portrait)">
<link rel="apple-touch-startup-image" href="https://www.flightjournal.com/wp-content/themes/frontier-child/images/FJ_2048x2732.png" media="(min-device-width: 1024px) and (max-device-width: 1024px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2) and (orientation: portrait)">
<!-- Manifest added by SuperPWA - Progressive Web Apps Plugin For WordPress -->
<link rel="manifest" href="/superpwa-manifest-1.json">
<meta name="theme-color" content="#D5E0EB">
<meta name="mobile-web-app-capable" content="yes">
<meta name="apple-touch-fullscreen" content="yes">
<meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-title" content="Flight Journal">
<meta name="application-name" content="Flight Journal">
<meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-capable" content="yes">
<meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-status-bar-style" content="default">
<link rel="apple-touch-icon"  href="https://www.flightjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/FJ_192X192.png">
<link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="192x192" href="https://www.flightjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/FJ_192X192.png">
<!-- / SuperPWA.com -->
<meta charset="UTF-8" />
<meta name="viewport" content="initial-scale=1.0" />
<title>Flight Journal - Aviation History | History of Flight | Aviation History Articles, Warbirds, Bombers, Trainers, Pilots</title>
<style type="text/css">.wpfts-result-item .wpfts-smart-excerpt {}.wpfts-result-item .wpfts-not-found {color:#808080;font-size:0.9em;}.wpfts-result-item .wpfts-score {color:#006621;font-size:0.9em;}.wpfts-shift {margin-left:40px;}.wpfts-result-item .wpfts-download-link {color:#006621;font-size:0.9em;}.wpfts-result-item .wpfts-file-size {color:#006621;font-size:0.9em;}</style><meta name='robots' content='max-image-preview:large' />
	<style>img:is([sizes="auto" i], [sizes^="auto," i]) { contain-intrinsic-size: 3000px 1500px }</style>
	<link rel="profile" href="http://gmpg.org/xfn/11" />
<link rel="pingback" href="https://www.flightjournal.com/xmlrpc.php" />

<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v6.2 - https://yoa.st/1yg?utm_content=6.2 -->
<meta name="description" content="Aviation History | History of Flight | Aviation History Articles, Warbirds, Bombers, Trainers, Pilots"/>
<link rel="canonical" href="https://www.flightjournal.com/" />
<link rel="next" href="https://www.flightjournal.com/page/2/" />
<meta property="og:locale" content="en_US" />
<meta property="og:type" content="website" />
<meta property="og:title" content="Flight Journal - Aviation History | History of Flight | Aviation History Articles, Warbirds, Bombers, Trainers, Pilots" />
<meta property="og:description" content="Aviation History | History of Flight | Aviation History Articles, Warbirds, Bombers, Trainers, Pilots" />
<meta property="og:url" content="https://www.flightjournal.com/" />
<meta property="og:site_name" content="Flight Journal" />
<meta name="twitter:card" content="summary" />
<meta name="twitter:description" content="Aviation History | History of Flight | Aviation History Articles, Warbirds, Bombers, Trainers, Pilots" />
<meta name="twitter:title" content="Flight Journal - Aviation History | History of Flight | Aviation History Articles, Warbirds, Bombers, Trainers, Pilots" />
<script type='application/ld+json'>{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org","@type":"WebSite","@id":"#website","url":"https:\/\/www.flightjournal.com\/","name":"Flight Journal","potentialAction":{"@type":"SearchAction","target":"https:\/\/www.flightjournal.com\/?s={search_term_string}","query-input":"required name=search_term_string"}}</script>
<!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. -->

<link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//use.fontawesome.com' />
<link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//fonts.googleapis.com' />
<link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Flight Journal &raquo; Feed" href="https://www.flightjournal.com/feed/" />
<link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Flight Journal &raquo; Comments Feed" href="https://www.flightjournal.com/comments/feed/" />
		<!-- This site uses the Google Analytics by MonsterInsights plugin v9.2.4 - Using Analytics tracking - https://www.monsterinsights.com/ -->
							<script src="//www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-0SQJ8R760N"  data-cfasync="false" data-wpfc-render="false" type="text/javascript" async></script>
			<script data-cfasync="false" data-wpfc-render="false" type="text/javascript">
				var mi_version = '9.2.4';
				var mi_track_user = true;
				var mi_no_track_reason = '';
								var MonsterInsightsDefaultLocations = {"page_location":"https:\/\/www.flightjournal.com\/"};
				if ( typeof MonsterInsightsPrivacyGuardFilter === 'function' ) {
					var MonsterInsightsLocations = (typeof MonsterInsightsExcludeQuery === 'object') ? MonsterInsightsPrivacyGuardFilter( MonsterInsightsExcludeQuery ) : MonsterInsightsPrivacyGuardFilter( MonsterInsightsDefaultLocations );
				} else {
					var MonsterInsightsLocations = (typeof MonsterInsightsExcludeQuery === 'object') ? MonsterInsightsExcludeQuery : MonsterInsightsDefaultLocations;
				}

								var disableStrs = [
										'ga-disable-G-0SQJ8R760N',
									];

				/* Function to detect opted out users */
				function __gtagTrackerIsOptedOut() {
					for (var index = 0; index < disableStrs.length; index++) {
						if (document.cookie.indexOf(disableStrs[index] + '=true') > -1) {
							return true;
						}
					}

					return false;
				}

				/* Disable tracking if the opt-out cookie exists. */
				if (__gtagTrackerIsOptedOut()) {
					for (var index = 0; index < disableStrs.length; index++) {
						window[disableStrs[index]] = true;
					}
				}

				/* Opt-out function */
				function __gtagTrackerOptout() {
					for (var index = 0; index < disableStrs.length; index++) {
						document.cookie = disableStrs[index] + '=true; expires=Thu, 31 Dec 2099 23:59:59 UTC; path=/';
						window[disableStrs[index]] = true;
					}
				}

				if ('undefined' === typeof gaOptout) {
					function gaOptout() {
						__gtagTrackerOptout();
					}
				}
								window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || [];

				window.MonsterInsightsDualTracker = {
					helpers: {},
					trackers: {},
				};
				if (mi_track_user) {
					function __gtagDataLayer() {
						dataLayer.push(arguments);
					}

					function __gtagTracker(type, name, parameters) {
						if (!parameters) {
							parameters = {};
						}

						if (parameters.send_to) {
							__gtagDataLayer.apply(null, arguments);
							return;
						}

						if (type === 'event') {
														parameters.send_to = monsterinsights_frontend.v4_id;
							var hookName = name;
							if (typeof parameters['event_category'] !== 'undefined') {
								hookName = parameters['event_category'] + ':' + name;
							}

							if (typeof MonsterInsightsDualTracker.trackers[hookName] !== 'undefined') {
								MonsterInsightsDualTracker.trackers[hookName](parameters);
							} else {
								__gtagDataLayer('event', name, parameters);
							}
							
						} else {
							__gtagDataLayer.apply(null, arguments);
						}
					}

					__gtagTracker('js', new Date());
					__gtagTracker('set', {
						'developer_id.dZGIzZG': true,
											});
					if ( MonsterInsightsLocations.page_location ) {
						__gtagTracker('set', MonsterInsightsLocations);
					}
										__gtagTracker('config', 'G-0SQJ8R760N', {"allow_anchor":"true","forceSSL":"true"} );
															window.gtag = __gtagTracker;										(function () {
						/* https://developers.google.com/analytics/devguides/collection/analyticsjs/ */
						/* ga and __gaTracker compatibility shim. */
						var noopfn = function () {
							return null;
						};
						var newtracker = function () {
							return new Tracker();
						};
						var Tracker = function () {
							return null;
						};
						var p = Tracker.prototype;
						p.get = noopfn;
						p.set = noopfn;
						p.send = function () {
							var args = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments);
							args.unshift('send');
							__gaTracker.apply(null, args);
						};
						var __gaTracker = function () {
							var len = arguments.length;
							if (len === 0) {
								return;
							}
							var f = arguments[len - 1];
							if (typeof f !== 'object' || f === null || typeof f.hitCallback !== 'function') {
								if ('send' === arguments[0]) {
									var hitConverted, hitObject = false, action;
									if ('event' === arguments[1]) {
										if ('undefined' !== typeof arguments[3]) {
											hitObject = {
												'eventAction': arguments[3],
												'eventCategory': arguments[2],
												'eventLabel': arguments[4],
												'value': arguments[5] ? arguments[5] : 1,
											}
										}
									}
									if ('pageview' === arguments[1]) {
										if ('undefined' !== typeof arguments[2]) {
											hitObject = {
												'eventAction': 'page_view',
												'page_path': arguments[2],
											}
										}
									}
									if (typeof arguments[2] === 'object') {
										hitObject = arguments[2];
									}
									if (typeof arguments[5] === 'object') {
										Object.assign(hitObject, arguments[5]);
									}
									if ('undefined' !== typeof arguments[1].hitType) {
										hitObject = arguments[1];
										if ('pageview' === hitObject.hitType) {
											hitObject.eventAction = 'page_view';
										}
									}
									if (hitObject) {
										action = 'timing' === arguments[1].hitType ? 'timing_complete' : hitObject.eventAction;
										hitConverted = mapArgs(hitObject);
										__gtagTracker('event', action, hitConverted);
									}
								}
								return;
							}

							function mapArgs(args) {
								var arg, hit = {};
								var gaMap = {
									'eventCategory': 'event_category',
									'eventAction': 'event_action',
									'eventLabel': 'event_label',
									'eventValue': 'event_value',
									'nonInteraction': 'non_interaction',
									'timingCategory': 'event_category',
									'timingVar': 'name',
									'timingValue': 'value',
									'timingLabel': 'event_label',
									'page': 'page_path',
									'location': 'page_location',
									'title': 'page_title',
									'referrer' : 'page_referrer',
								};
								for (arg in args) {
																		if (!(!args.hasOwnProperty(arg) || !gaMap.hasOwnProperty(arg))) {
										hit[gaMap[arg]] = args[arg];
									} else {
										hit[arg] = args[arg];
									}
								}
								return hit;
							}

							try {
								f.hitCallback();
							} catch (ex) {
							}
						};
						__gaTracker.create = newtracker;
						__gaTracker.getByName = newtracker;
						__gaTracker.getAll = function () {
							return [];
						};
						__gaTracker.remove = noopfn;
						__gaTracker.loaded = true;
						window['__gaTracker'] = __gaTracker;
					})();
									} else {
										console.log("");
					(function () {
						function __gtagTracker() {
							return null;
						}

						window['__gtagTracker'] = __gtagTracker;
						window['gtag'] = __gtagTracker;
					})();
									}
			</script>
				<!-- / Google Analytics by MonsterInsights -->
		<script type="text/javascript">
/* <![CDATA[ */
window._wpemojiSettings = {"baseUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/15.0.3\/72x72\/","ext":".png","svgUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/15.0.3\/svg\/","svgExt":".svg","source":{"concatemoji":"https:\/\/www.flightjournal.com\/wp-includes\/js\/wp-emoji-release.min.js?aam=62GUSpKI"}};
/*! This file is auto-generated */
!function(i,n){var o,s,e;function c(e){try{var t={supportTests:e,timestamp:(new Date).valueOf()};sessionStorage.setItem(o,JSON.stringify(t))}catch(e){}}function p(e,t,n){e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(t,0,0);var t=new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data),r=(e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(n,0,0),new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data));return t.every(function(e,t){return e===r[t]})}function u(e,t,n){switch(t){case"flag":return n(e,"\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200d\u26a7\ufe0f","\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200b\u26a7\ufe0f")?!1:!n(e,"\ud83c\uddfa\ud83c\uddf3","\ud83c\uddfa\u200b\ud83c\uddf3")&&!n(e,"\ud83c\udff4\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc62\udb40\udc65\udb40\udc6e\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc7f","\ud83c\udff4\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc62\u200b\udb40\udc65\u200b\udb40\udc6e\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc7f");case"emoji":return!n(e,"\ud83d\udc26\u200d\u2b1b","\ud83d\udc26\u200b\u2b1b")}return!1}function f(e,t,n){var r="undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope?new OffscreenCanvas(300,150):i.createElement("canvas"),a=r.getContext("2d",{willReadFrequently:!0}),o=(a.textBaseline="top",a.font="600 32px Arial",{});return e.forEach(function(e){o[e]=t(a,e,n)}),o}function t(e){var t=i.createElement("script");t.src=e,t.defer=!0,i.head.appendChild(t)}"undefined"!=typeof Promise&&(o="wpEmojiSettingsSupports",s=["flag","emoji"],n.supports={everything:!0,everythingExceptFlag:!0},e=new Promise(function(e){i.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",e,{once:!0})}),new Promise(function(t){var n=function(){try{var e=JSON.parse(sessionStorage.getItem(o));if("object"==typeof e&&"number"==typeof e.timestamp&&(new Date).valueOf()<e.timestamp+604800&&"object"==typeof e.supportTests)return e.supportTests}catch(e){}return null}();if(!n){if("undefined"!=typeof Worker&&"undefined"!=typeof OffscreenCanvas&&"undefined"!=typeof URL&&URL.createObjectURL&&"undefined"!=typeof Blob)try{var e="postMessage("+f.toString()+"("+[JSON.stringify(s),u.toString(),p.toString()].join(",")+"));",r=new Blob([e],{type:"text/javascript"}),a=new Worker(URL.createObjectURL(r),{name:"wpTestEmojiSupports"});return void(a.onmessage=function(e){c(n=e.data),a.terminate(),t(n)})}catch(e){}c(n=f(s,u,p))}t(n)}).then(function(e){for(var t in e)n.supports[t]=e[t],n.supports.everything=n.supports.everything&&n.supports[t],"flag"!==t&&(n.supports.everythingExceptFlag=n.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&n.supports[t]);n.supports.everythingExceptFlag=n.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&!n.supports.flag,n.DOMReady=!1,n.readyCallback=function(){n.DOMReady=!0}}).then(function(){return e}).then(function(){var e;n.supports.everything||(n.readyCallback(),(e=n.source||{}).concatemoji?t(e.concatemoji):e.wpemoji&&e.twemoji&&(t(e.twemoji),t(e.wpemoji)))}))}((window,document),window._wpemojiSettings);
/* ]]> */
</script>
<link rel='stylesheet' id='formidable-css' href='https://www.flightjournal.com/wp-content/plugins/formidable/css/formidableforms1.css?aam=62GUSpKI' type='text/css' media='all' />
<link rel='stylesheet' id='lrm-modal-css' href='https://www.flightjournal.com/wp-content/plugins/ajax-login-and-registration-modal-popup/assets/lrm-core.css?aam=62GUSpKI' type='text/css' media='all' />
<style id='wp-emoji-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'>

	img.wp-smiley, img.emoji {
		display: inline !important;
		border: none !important;
		box-shadow: none !important;
		height: 1em !important;
		width: 1em !important;
		margin: 0 0.07em !important;
		vertical-align: -0.1em !important;
		background: none !important;
		padding: 0 !important;
	}
</style>
<link rel='stylesheet' id='wp-block-library-css' href='https://www.flightjournal.com/wp-includes/css/dist/block-library/style.min.css?aam=62GUSpKI' type='text/css' media='all' />
<style id='classic-theme-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'>
/*! This file is auto-generated */
.wp-block-button__link{color:#fff;background-color:#32373c;border-radius:9999px;box-shadow:none;text-decoration:none;padding:calc(.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);font-size:1.125em}.wp-block-file__button{background:#32373c;color:#fff;text-decoration:none}
</style>
<style id='global-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'>
:root{--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--square: 1;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--4-3: 4/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-4: 3/4;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-2: 3/2;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--2-3: 2/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--16-9: 16/9;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--9-16: 9/16;--wp--preset--color--black: #000000;--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray: #abb8c3;--wp--preset--color--white: #ffffff;--wp--preset--color--pale-pink: #f78da7;--wp--preset--color--vivid-red: #cf2e2e;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange: #ff6900;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber: #fcb900;--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan: #7bdcb5;--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan: #00d084;--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue: #8ed1fc;--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue: #0693e3;--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple: #9b51e0;--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(6,147,227,1) 0%,rgb(155,81,224) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(122,220,180) 0%,rgb(0,208,130) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(252,185,0,1) 0%,rgba(255,105,0,1) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(255,105,0,1) 0%,rgb(207,46,46) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(238,238,238) 0%,rgb(169,184,195) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(74,234,220) 0%,rgb(151,120,209) 20%,rgb(207,42,186) 40%,rgb(238,44,130) 60%,rgb(251,105,98) 80%,rgb(254,248,76) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,206,236) 0%,rgb(152,150,240) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(254,205,165) 0%,rgb(254,45,45) 50%,rgb(107,0,62) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,203,112) 0%,rgb(199,81,192) 50%,rgb(65,88,208) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,245,203) 0%,rgb(182,227,212) 50%,rgb(51,167,181) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(202,248,128) 0%,rgb(113,206,126) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--midnight: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(2,3,129) 0%,rgb(40,116,252) 100%);--wp--preset--font-size--small: 13px;--wp--preset--font-size--medium: 20px;--wp--preset--font-size--large: 36px;--wp--preset--font-size--x-large: 42px;--wp--preset--spacing--20: 0.44rem;--wp--preset--spacing--30: 0.67rem;--wp--preset--spacing--40: 1rem;--wp--preset--spacing--50: 1.5rem;--wp--preset--spacing--60: 2.25rem;--wp--preset--spacing--70: 3.38rem;--wp--preset--spacing--80: 5.06rem;--wp--preset--shadow--natural: 6px 6px 9px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--deep: 12px 12px 50px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);--wp--preset--shadow--sharp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--outlined: 6px 6px 0px -3px rgba(255, 255, 255, 1), 6px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);--wp--preset--shadow--crisp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);}:where(.is-layout-flex){gap: 0.5em;}:where(.is-layout-grid){gap: 0.5em;}body .is-layout-flex{display: flex;}.is-layout-flex{flex-wrap: wrap;align-items: center;}.is-layout-flex > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}body .is-layout-grid{display: grid;}.is-layout-grid > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;}.has-black-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red) !important;}.has-very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-cool-to-warm-spectrum-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum) !important;}.has-blush-light-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple) !important;}.has-blush-bordeaux-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux) !important;}.has-luminous-dusk-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk) !important;}.has-pale-ocean-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean) !important;}.has-electric-grass-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass) !important;}.has-midnight-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--midnight) !important;}.has-small-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--small) !important;}.has-medium-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--medium) !important;}.has-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--large) !important;}.has-x-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--x-large) !important;}
:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;}
:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;}
:root :where(.wp-block-pullquote){font-size: 1.5em;line-height: 1.6;}
</style>
<link rel='stylesheet' id='style2-os-css-css' href='https://www.flightjournal.com/wp-content/plugins/gallery-video/style/style2-os.css?aam=62GUSpKI' type='text/css' media='all' />
<link rel='stylesheet' id='lightbox-css-css' href='https://www.flightjournal.com/wp-content/plugins/gallery-video/style/lightbox.css?aam=62GUSpKI' type='text/css' media='all' />
<link rel='stylesheet' id='videogallery-all-css-css' href='https://www.flightjournal.com/wp-content/plugins/gallery-video/style/videogallery-all.css?aam=62GUSpKI' type='text/css' media='all' />
<link rel='stylesheet' id='fontawesome-css-css' href='https://www.flightjournal.com/wp-content/plugins/gallery-video/style/css/font-awesome.css?aam=62GUSpKI' type='text/css' media='all' />
<link rel='stylesheet' id='ris-slider-css-css' href='https://www.flightjournal.com/wp-content/plugins/ultimate-responsive-image-slider/css/slider-pro.css?aam=62GUSpKI' type='text/css' media='all' />
<link rel='stylesheet' id='aam-ad-statistics-css-css' href='https://www.flightjournal.com/wp-content/plugins/aam-ad-statistics/css/aam-ad-statistics.css?aam=62GUSpKI' type='text/css' media='all' />
<link rel='stylesheet' id='aam-pvc-fontawesome-css' href='https://use.fontawesome.com/releases/v5.8.1/css/all.css?aam=62GUSpKI' type='text/css' media='all' />
<link rel='stylesheet' id='wpfts_jquery-ui-styles-css' href='https://www.flightjournal.com/wp-content/plugins/fulltext-search-pro/style/wpfts_autocomplete.css?aam=62GUSpKI' type='text/css' media='all' />
<link rel='stylesheet' id='parent-style-css' href='https://www.flightjournal.com/wp-content/themes/frontier/style.css?aam=62GUSpKI' type='text/css' media='all' />
<link rel='stylesheet' id='fancybox-css-css' href='https://www.flightjournal.com/wp-content/themes/frontier-child/css/jquery.fancybox.min.css?aam=62GUSpKI' type='text/css' media='all' />
<link rel='stylesheet' id='open-sans-font-css' href='//fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Open+Sans&#038;ver=6.7.1' type='text/css' media='all' />
<link rel='stylesheet' id='core-css' href='https://www.flightjournal.com/wp-content/themes/frontier-child/css/frontier-custom.css?aam=62GUSpKI' type='text/css' media='all' />
<link rel='stylesheet' id='frontier-font-css' href='//fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Roboto+Condensed%3A400%2C700%7CArimo%3A400%2C700&#038;ver=6.7.1' type='text/css' media='all' />
<link rel='stylesheet' id='frontier-icon-css' href='https://www.flightjournal.com/wp-content/themes/frontier/includes/genericons/genericons.css?aam=62GUSpKI' type='text/css' media='all' />
<link rel='stylesheet' id='frontier-main-css' href='https://www.flightjournal.com/wp-content/themes/frontier-child/style.css?aam=62GUSpKI' type='text/css' media='all' />
<link rel='stylesheet' id='frontier-responsive-css' href='https://www.flightjournal.com/wp-content/themes/frontier/responsive.css?aam=62GUSpKI' type='text/css' media='all' />
<link rel='stylesheet' id='mm-compiled-options-mobmenu-css' href='https://www.flightjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/dynamic-mobmenu.css?aam=62GUSpKI' type='text/css' media='all' />
<link rel='stylesheet' id='mm-google-webfont-dosis-css' href='//fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Dosis%3Ainherit%2C400&#038;subset=latin%2Clatin-ext&#038;ver=6.7.1' type='text/css' media='all' />
<link rel='stylesheet' id='cssmobmenu-icons-css' href='https://www.flightjournal.com/wp-content/plugins/mobile-menu/includes/css/mobmenu-icons.css?aam=62GUSpKI' type='text/css' media='all' />
<link rel='stylesheet' id='cssmobmenu-css' href='https://www.flightjournal.com/wp-content/plugins/mobile-menu/includes/css/mobmenu.css?aam=62GUSpKI' type='text/css' media='all' />
<link rel='stylesheet' id='wpmu-wpmu-ui-3-min-css-css' href='https://www.flightjournal.com/wp-content/plugins/popover/inc/external/wpmu-lib/css/wpmu-ui.3.min.css?aam=62GUSpKI' type='text/css' media='all' />
<link rel='stylesheet' id='wpmu-animate-3-min-css-css' href='https://www.flightjournal.com/wp-content/plugins/popover/inc/external/wpmu-lib/css/animate.3.min.css?aam=62GUSpKI' type='text/css' media='all' />
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.flightjournal.com/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery.min.js?aam=62GUSpKI" id="jquery-core-js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.flightjournal.com/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery-migrate.min.js?aam=62GUSpKI" id="jquery-migrate-js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.flightjournal.com/wp-content/plugins/google-analytics-for-wordpress/assets/js/frontend-gtag.min.js?aam=62GUSpKI" id="monsterinsights-frontend-script-js" async="async" data-wp-strategy="async"></script>
<script data-cfasync="false" data-wpfc-render="false" type="text/javascript" id='monsterinsights-frontend-script-js-extra'>/* <![CDATA[ */
var monsterinsights_frontend = {"js_events_tracking":"true","download_extensions":"pdf,doc,ppt,xls,zip,docx,pptx,xlsx","inbound_paths":"[]","home_url":"https:\/\/www.flightjournal.com","hash_tracking":"false","v4_id":"G-0SQJ8R760N"};/* ]]> */
</script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.flightjournal.com/wp-content/plugins/custom-post-views-count//js/sweetalert2.all.js?aam=62GUSpKI" id="aam-pvc-sweet-alert-js-js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.flightjournal.com/wp-content/plugins/fulltext-search-pro/js/wpfts_frontend.js?aam=62GUSpKI" id="wpfts_frontend-js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.flightjournal.com/wp-content/plugins/mobile-menu/includes/js/mobmenu.js?aam=62GUSpKI" id="mobmenujs-js"></script>
<link rel="https://api.w.org/" href="https://www.flightjournal.com/wp-json/" /><link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" title="RSD" href="https://www.flightjournal.com/xmlrpc.php?rsd" />
<meta name="generator" content="WordPress 6.7.1" />
<meta name="generator" content="Seriously Simple Podcasting 3.7.1" />
<style>
		#category-posts-2-internal ul {padding: 0;}
#category-posts-2-internal .cat-post-item img {max-width: initial; max-height: initial; margin: initial;}
#category-posts-2-internal .cat-post-author {margin-bottom: 0;}
#category-posts-2-internal .cat-post-thumbnail {margin: 5px 10px 5px 0;}
#category-posts-2-internal .cat-post-item:before {content: ""; clear: both;}
#category-posts-2-internal .cat-post-excerpt-more {display: inline-block;}
#category-posts-2-internal .cat-post-item {list-style: none; margin: 3px 0 10px; padding: 3px 0;}
#category-posts-2-internal .cat-post-current .cat-post-title {font-weight: bold; text-transform: uppercase;}
#category-posts-2-internal [class*=cat-post-tax] {font-size: 0.85em;}
#category-posts-2-internal [class*=cat-post-tax] * {display:inline-block;}
#category-posts-2-internal .cat-post-item:after {content: ""; display: table;	clear: both;}
#category-posts-2-internal .cat-post-item .cat-post-title {overflow: hidden;text-overflow: ellipsis;white-space: initial;display: -webkit-box;-webkit-line-clamp: 2;-webkit-box-orient: vertical;padding-bottom: 0 !important;}
#category-posts-2-internal .cat-post-item:after {content: ""; display: table;	clear: both;}
#category-posts-2-internal .cat-post-thumbnail {display:block; float:left; margin:5px 10px 5px 0;}
#category-posts-2-internal .cat-post-crop {overflow:hidden;display:block;}
#category-posts-2-internal p {margin:5px 0 0 0}
#category-posts-2-internal li > div {margin:5px 0 0 0; clear:both;}
#category-posts-2-internal .dashicons {vertical-align:middle;}
#category-posts-2-internal .cat-post-thumbnail .cat-post-crop img {height: 75px;}
#category-posts-2-internal .cat-post-thumbnail .cat-post-crop img {width: 134px;}
#category-posts-2-internal .cat-post-thumbnail .cat-post-crop img {object-fit: cover; max-width: 100%; display: block;}
#category-posts-2-internal .cat-post-thumbnail .cat-post-crop-not-supported img {width: 100%;}
#category-posts-2-internal .cat-post-thumbnail {max-width:100%;}
#category-posts-2-internal .cat-post-item img {margin: initial;}
</style>
		<script type="text/javascript">
		document.wpfts_ajaxurl = "https://www.flightjournal.com/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php";
	</script>
<link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Podcast RSS feed" href="https://www.flightjournal.com/feed/podcast" />

<script>document.documentElement.className += " js";</script>

		<script>
		(function(h,o,t,j,a,r){
			h.hj=h.hj||function(){(h.hj.q=h.hj.q||[]).push(arguments)};
			h._hjSettings={hjid:1492287,hjsv:5};
			a=o.getElementsByTagName('head')[0];
			r=o.createElement('script');r.async=1;
			r.src=t+h._hjSettings.hjid+j+h._hjSettings.hjsv;
			a.appendChild(r);
		})(window,document,'//static.hotjar.com/c/hotjar-','.js?sv=');
		</script>
		
<meta property="Frontier Theme" content="1.2.4" />
<style type="text/css" media="screen">
	#container 	{width: 960px;}
	#header 	{min-height: 0px;}
	#content 	{width: 65%;}
	#sidebar-left 	{width: 35%;}
	#sidebar-right 	{width: 35%;}
</style>

<style type="text/css" media="screen">
	.page-template-page-cs-php #content, .page-template-page-sc-php #content {width: 65%;}
	.page-template-page-cs-php #sidebar-left, .page-template-page-sc-php #sidebar-left,
	.page-template-page-cs-php #sidebar-right, .page-template-page-sc-php #sidebar-right {width: 35%;}
	.page-template-page-scs-php #content {width: 50%;}
	.page-template-page-scs-php #sidebar-left {width: 25%;}
	.page-template-page-scs-php #sidebar-right {width: 25%;}
</style>

	
	<!-- Woopra code starts here -->
	<script>
		(function(){
		var t,i,e,n=window,o=document,a=arguments,s="script",r=["config","track","identify","visit","push","call"],c=function(){var t,i=this;for(i._e=[],t=0;r.length>t;t++)(function(t){i[t]=function(){return i._e.push([t].concat(Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments,0))),i}})(r[t])};for(n._w=n._w||{},t=0;a.length>t;t++)n._w[a[t]]=n[a[t]]=n[a[t]]||new c;i=o.createElement(s),i.async=1,i.src="//static.woopra.com/js/w.js",e=o.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],e.parentNode.insertBefore(i,e)
		})("woopra");
		woopra.config({"app":"wordpress","domain":"flightjournal.com","download_tracking":true,"outgoing_tracking":true,"hide_campaign":false});
		woopra.track();
	</script>
	<!-- Woopra code ends here -->
	
<style type="text/css" id="custom-background-css">
body.custom-background { background-color: #ffffff; }
</style>
	
<!--Plugin WP Missed Schedule Active - Secured with Genuine Authenticity KeyTag-->

<!-- This site is patched against a big problem not solved since WordPress 2.5 -->

		<style type="text/css" id="wp-custom-css">
			.grecaptcha-badge {
	display: none !important;
}
#below-menu {
	z-index: 1;
}
#huge_it_slideshow_left_videogallery_1, #huge_it_slideshow_right_videogallery_1 {
	z-index: 8 !important;
}
@media screen and (min-width:1023px) {
.sticky-wrapper.is-sticky #nav-main {
	height: 121px !important;
}
	.sticky-wrapper.is-sticky #header-after-logo-widget {
		  width: 87%;
	}
}

@media screen and (max-width:766px) {
.sticky-wrapper.is-sticky #nav-main {
	height: 50px !important;
}
}

@media screen and (min-width:767px) and (max-width:1022px) {
.sticky-wrapper.is-sticky #nav-main {
	height: 150px !important;
}
}
#text-110 .subscription_ad_regular > p {
	display: none;
}		</style>
		
<!-- Custom CSS -->
<style type="text/css" media="screen">
body.newbg { 
  background: url("https://www.flightjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/bgFlight-copy.jpg") no-repeat center center fixed !important; 
  -webkit-background-size: cover;
  -moz-background-size: cover;
  -o-background-size: cover;
  background-size: cover;
}
#main {
    background-color: transparent !important;
}
#outer-popup img{
    width: 100%;
}
body.custom-background {
    background-color: #f1f1f1;
}
body.page .post-thumbnail,
.grecaptcha-badge {
    display: none !important;
}
#visitor_pref_pop .wpcf7 {
min-height: 200px;
padding-bottom: 10px;
}
#visitor_pref_pop {
min-height: 320px;
}
div#visitor_pref_pop p {
    margin-bottom: 10px;
}
.search-result-page {
    font-size: 16px;
    margin-left: 20px;
    color: gray;
    text-transform: capitalize;
}
.div_publications .aam_post_container img {
    height: 384px;
}
body.page .pvc_div_content .tablenav.top {
    text-align: right;
}
@media screen and (max-width: 500px) {
  .site-search {
    float: right !important;
    margin-top: 15px;
  }
}
</style>
<!-- Custom CSS End -->

	<script async src="https://securepubads.g.doubleclick.net/tag/js/gpt.js"></script>
	<script>
		window.googletag = window.googletag || {cmd: []};
		googletag.cmd.push(function() {
		googletag.defineSlot('/22965096972/MANTOPHEADER', [970, 252], 'div-gpt-ad-1708601169516-0').addService(googletag.pubads());
		googletag.pubads().enableSingleRequest();
		googletag.enableServices();
		});
		window.googletag = window.googletag || {cmd: []};
		googletag.cmd.push(function() {
		googletag.defineSlot('/22965096972/doppeldeckerdesign', [900, 250], 'div-gpt-ad-1731663063887-0').addService(googletag.pubads());
		googletag.pubads().enableSingleRequest();
		googletag.enableServices();
		});
	</script>
</head>

<body class="home blog custom-background mob-menu-slideout-over">
	
	
<div id="container" class="cf">
		<input type="hidden" class="current_user_email" value="" />
	<div id="header-widget">
		<div id="custom_html-4" class="widget_text widget-odd widget-first widget-1 widget-header frontier-widget widget_custom_html"><div class="textwidget custom-html-widget"><!-- /22965096972/MANTOPHEADER -->
<div id='div-gpt-ad-1708601169516-0' style='min-width: 970px; max-height: 252px;'>
  <script>
    googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display('div-gpt-ad-1708601169516-0'); });
  </script>
</div></div></div><div id="custom_html-5" class="widget_text widget-even widget-last widget-2 widget-header frontier-widget widget_custom_html"><div class="textwidget custom-html-widget"><!-- /22965096972/doppeldeckerdesign -->
<div id='div-gpt-ad-1731663063887-0' style='min-width: 900px; min-height: 250px;'>
  <script>
    googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display('div-gpt-ad-1731663063887-0'); });
  </script>
</div></div></div>	</div>
				
		<div id="top-bar" class="cf">
			
			<div id="top-bar-info">
				
							</div>

							<nav id="nav-top">
									</nav>
			
					</div>
		<div id="sticky-header">
			<div id="header" class="cf">
			
							<div id="header-logo">
					<a href="https://www.flightjournal.com/"><img src="https://www.flightjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/FJ-logo.png" alt="Flight Journal" /></a>
				</div>
			
							<div id="header-after-logo-widget">
					<div id="text-110" class="widget-odd widget-first widget-1 top-logo-ad widgets_after_top_site_logo frontier-widget widget_text"><h4 class="widget-title">Subscribe Button</h4>			<div class="textwidget"><div class="subscription_ad_regular"><a class="norewrite subscribe-link menu-flyout-link main-menu" style="color: #fff;" href="https://simplecirc.com/subscribe/flight-journal/I3KL01"><span class="menu-flyout-link-text">Subscribe</span>
        <div class="menu-flyout-wrap">
        <div class="menu-flyout-thumbnail"><img decoding="async" alt="Aviation History | History of Flight | Aviation History Articles, Warbirds, Bombers, Trainers, Pilots" class="menu-flyout-thumbnail-img" src="https://www.flightjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/FLJ_400-X-270.jpg" /></div>
        <div class="menu-flyout-banner"><img decoding="async" alt="Aviation History | History of Flight | Aviation History Articles, Warbirds, Bombers, Trainers, Pilots" class="menu-flyout-banner-img" src="https://www.flightjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/FLJ_400-X-270.jpg" /></div>
        </div></a>
        </div>
</div>
		</div><div id="text-120" class="widget-even widget-last widget-2 top-mem-login widgets_after_top_site_logo frontier-widget widget_text">			<div class="textwidget"><div class="boost-login-btn-wrapper" style="display: inline-block;"><p class="login-logo" style="margin: 0 !important; margin-bottom: -7px !important; text-align: center;"><a class="boost-login-btn" href="https://membership.flightjournal.com/"><img decoding="async" alt="Aviation History | History of Flight | Aviation History Articles, Warbirds, Bombers, Trainers, Pilots" style="width: 100px;" src="https://boost.rccaraction.com/Readyroom200.png" /></a></p><p class="login-text" style="margin: 0 !important; text-align: center; color: #ff0000; font-weight: 800;">Exclusive Content</p></div><div class="lrm-login lrm-hide-if-logged-in boost-login-btn-wrapper" style="text-align: center;vertical-align: top;display: inline-block;margin-top: 12px;margin-left: 20px;"><a class="boost-login-btn" href="#">Login</a></div>
</div>
		</div>				</div>
		</div>
	
			
		<nav id="nav-main" class="cf drop">
			
							<a href="#" class="drop-toggle"><span class="genericon genericon-menu"></span></a>
			
			<ul id="menu-main-nav-rcc" class="nav-main"><li id="menu-item-218055" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-218055"><a href="https://www.flightjournal.com/category/main-categories/military/">Military</a></li>
<li id="menu-item-218054" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-218054"><a href="https://www.flightjournal.com/category/main-categories/civilian/">Civilian</a></li>
<li id="menu-item-218057" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-has-children menu-item-218057"><a href="https://www.flightjournal.com/category/main-categories/news-and-stories/">News and Stories</a>
<ul class="sub-menu">
	<li id="menu-item-218113" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-218113"><a href="https://www.flightjournal.com/category/main-categories/media/from-the-magazine/">Aviation Stories</a></li>
	<li id="menu-item-218060" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-218060"><a href="https://www.flightjournal.com/category/main-categories/restoration-reproduction/">Restoration and Reproduction</a></li>
	<li id="menu-item-218056" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-218056"><a href="https://www.flightjournal.com/category/main-categories/personalities/">Personalities</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="menu-item-221149" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-221149"><a href="https://www.flightjournal.com/aviation-museum-directory/">Aviation Museum Directory</a></li>
<li id="menu-item-218051" class="nav-subscribe-menu menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-218051"><a href="#">Customer Service</a>
<ul class="sub-menu">
	<li id="menu-item-223352" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-223352"><a href="https://support.airage.com/?site=flight-journal&#038;aamid=45">Report an Issue</a></li>
	<li id="menu-item-218062" class="subscription-link header-split-a menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-218062"><a href="https://simplecirc.com/subscribe/flight-journal/I3KL01">Digital + Print</a></li>
	<li id="menu-item-218063" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-218063"><a href="https://simplecirc.com/subscribe/flight-journal/I3KL01">Digital Edition</a></li>
	<li id="menu-item-219901" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-219901"><a href="https://simplecirc.com/give_a_gift/flight-journal/I3KL01">Gift Subscription</a></li>
	<li id="menu-item-221970" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-221970"><a href="https://readyroom.flightjournal.com/shopping/">Digital Edition Login</a></li>
	<li id="menu-item-218065" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-218065"><a href="https://simplecirc.com/subscriber_login/flight-journal">Renew</a></li>
	<li id="menu-item-218066" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-218066"><a href="https://simplecirc.com/subscriber_login/flight-journal">Customer Service Portal</a></li>
	<li id="menu-item-218345" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-218345"><a href="https://www.flightjournal.com/faqs/">FAQs</a></li>
	<li id="menu-item-218335" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-218335"><a href="https://www.flightjournal.com/help-contact-us/">Help – Contact Us</a></li>
	<li id="menu-item-222203" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-222203"><a href="https://cloud.airageinc.com/flightjournal">Free newsletter</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
			<div class="site-search"><span><img alt="Aviation History | History of Flight | Aviation History Articles, Warbirds, Bombers, Trainers, Pilots" src="/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/small-search-24x24.png" /></span></div>		</nav>
	
			<div id="below-menu" class="cf">
			<div id="widgets-wrap-below-menu" class="cf"><div id="search-2" class="widget-odd widget-last widget-first widget-1 widget-below-menu frontier-widget widget_search"><form role="search" method="get" id="searchform" class="searchform" action="https://www.flightjournal.com/">
	<div>
		<input type="text" value="" name="s" id="s"/>
		<input type="image" src="/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/small-search-24x24.png" alt="Submit" id="searchsubmit" value="Search" />
	</div>
</form></div></div>
		</div>
		</div>

<div id="main" class="col-cs cf">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/font-awesome/4.5.0/css/font-awesome.min.css">
	<div id="content" class="cf">

	
		<div class="home-slider"><script type="text/javascript">
	jQuery( document ).ready(function( jQuery ) {
		jQuery( '#example3_218053' ).sliderPro({
			//width
						width: 1000,
						
			//height
						height: 500,
						
			//autoplay
						autoplay:  true,
			autoplayOnHover: 'none',
												autoplayDelay: 5000,
			
			
			arrows: true,
			buttons: false,
			smallSize: 500,
			mediumSize: 1000,
			largeSize: 3000,
			fade: true,
			
			//thumbnail
			thumbnailArrows: true,
			thumbnailWidth: 100,
			thumbnailHeight: 102,
									thumbnailsPosition: 'bottom',
									centerImage: true,
			allowScaleUp: true,
						startSlide: 0,
			loop: true,
			slideDistance: 5,
			autoplayDirection: 'normal',
			touchSwipe: true,
			fullScreen: true,
		});
	});
</script>
<script src="//ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/webfont/1/webfont.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript">
  WebFont.load({
	google: {
	  families: [''] // saved value
	}
  });
</script>
<style>
/* Example 3 */

/* border */
#example3_218053 .sp-selected-thumbnail {
	border: 4px solid #000000;
}

/* font + color */
.title-in  {
	/*font-family: Arial !important;*/
	color: #000000 !important;
	background-color: #FFFFFF !important;
	opacity: 0.7 !important;
}
.desc-in  {
	/*font-family: Arial !important;*/
	color: #FFFFFF !important;
	background-color: #000000 !important;
	opacity: 0.7 !important;
}

/* bullets color */
.sp-button  {
	border: 2px solid #000000 !important;
}
.sp-selected-button  {
	background-color: #000000 !important;
}

/* pointer color - bottom */
.sp-selected-thumbnail::before {
	border-bottom: 5px solid #000000 !important;
}
.sp-selected-thumbnail::after {
	border-bottom: 13px solid #000000 !important;
}

/* pointer color - top */


/* full screen icon */
.sp-full-screen-button::before {
    color: #FFFFFF !important;
}

/* hover navigation icon color */
.sp-next-arrow::after, .sp-next-arrow::before {
	background-color: #FFFFFF !important;
}
.sp-previous-arrow::after, .sp-previous-arrow::before {
	background-color: #FFFFFF !important;
}


#example3_218053 .title-in {
	color:  !important;
	font-weight: bolder;
	text-align: center;
}

#example3_218053 .title-in-bg {
	background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.7); !important;
	white-space: unset !important;
	max-width: 90%;
	min-width: 40%;
	transform: initial !important;
	-webkit-transform: initial !important;
	font-size: 14px !important;
}

#example3_218053 .desc-in {
	color:  !important;
	text-align: center;
}
#example3_218053 .desc-in-bg {
	background: rgba(, ) !important;
	white-space: unset !important;
	/*width: 80% !important;*/
	min-width: 30%;
	transform: initial !important;
	-webkit-transform: initial !important;
	font-size: 13px !important;
}

@media (max-width: 640px) {
	#example3_218053 .hide-small-screen {
		display: none;
	}
}

@media (max-width: 860px) {
	#example3_218053 .sp-layer {
		font-size: 18px;
	}
	
	#example3_218053 .hide-medium-screen {
		/*display: none;*/
	}
}
/* Custom CSS */
.sp-slides img.sp-image {
	margin-top: 0px !important;
}
</style>
<div id="example3_218053" class="slider-pro">
	<!---- slides div start ---->
	<div class="sp-slides">
						<div class="sp-slide">
			<a href="https://simplecirc.com/subscribe/flight-journal/I2GG01">
			<img class="sp-image" alt="" src="" 
				data-src="https://www.flightjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/1024_FJ_820x375.jpg"
				data-small="https://www.flightjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/1024_FJ_820x375.jpg"
				data-medium="https://www.flightjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/1024_FJ_820x375.jpg"
				data-large="https://www.flightjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/1024_FJ_820x375.jpg"
				data-retina="https://www.flightjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/1024_FJ_820x375.jpg"/>
			</a>
			
						<p class="sp-layer sp-black sp-padding desc-in desc-in-bg hide-medium-screen" 
				data-position="centerCenter"
				data-vertical="14%"
				data-show-transition="right" data-show-delay="500">
				B 25s CUT THE GERMAN JUGULAR : OCTOBER 2024			</p>
					</div>
						<div class="sp-slide">
			<a href="https://simplecirc.com/subscribe/flight-journal/I2GG01">
			<img class="sp-image" alt="" src="" 
				data-src="https://www.flightjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/slider-0824_FJ_820x315.jpg"
				data-small="https://www.flightjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/slider-0824_FJ_820x315.jpg"
				data-medium="https://www.flightjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/slider-0824_FJ_820x315.jpg"
				data-large="https://www.flightjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/slider-0824_FJ_820x315.jpg"
				data-retina="https://www.flightjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/slider-0824_FJ_820x315.jpg"/>
			</a>
			
						<p class="sp-layer sp-black sp-padding desc-in desc-in-bg hide-medium-screen" 
				data-position="centerCenter"
				data-vertical="14%"
				data-show-transition="right" data-show-delay="500">
				SATAN'S ANGEL			</p>
					</div>
						<div class="sp-slide">
			<a href="https://simplecirc.com/subscribe/flight-journal/I2GG01">
			<img class="sp-image" alt="" src="" 
				data-src="https://www.flightjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/FLJ-web-Header-0624.jpg"
				data-small="https://www.flightjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/FLJ-web-Header-0624.jpg"
				data-medium="https://www.flightjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/FLJ-web-Header-0624.jpg"
				data-large="https://www.flightjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/FLJ-web-Header-0624.jpg"
				data-retina="https://www.flightjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/FLJ-web-Header-0624.jpg"/>
			</a>
			
						<p class="sp-layer sp-black sp-padding desc-in desc-in-bg hide-medium-screen" 
				data-position="centerCenter"
				data-vertical="14%"
				data-show-transition="right" data-show-delay="500">
				D-DAY INVASION: JUNE 2024			</p>
					</div>
						<div class="sp-slide">
			<a href="https://simplecirc.com/subscribe/flight-journal/I2GG01">
			<img class="sp-image" alt="" src="" 
				data-src="https://www.flightjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/FLJ-Web-042024.jpg"
				data-small="https://www.flightjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/FLJ-Web-042024.jpg"
				data-medium="https://www.flightjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/FLJ-Web-042024.jpg"
				data-large="https://www.flightjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/FLJ-Web-042024.jpg"
				data-retina="https://www.flightjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/FLJ-Web-042024.jpg"/>
			</a>
			
						<p class="sp-layer sp-black sp-padding desc-in desc-in-bg hide-medium-screen" 
				data-position="centerCenter"
				data-vertical="14%"
				data-show-transition="right" data-show-delay="500">
				1930'S FIGHTER FLIES AGAIN: APRIL 2024			</p>
					</div>
						<div class="sp-slide">
			<a href="https://www.flightjournal.com/legend-maj-paul-pappy-gunn/">
			<img class="sp-image" alt="" src="" 
				data-src="https://www.flightjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/FECT2105_cc.jpg"
				data-small="https://www.flightjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/FECT2105_cc.jpg"
				data-medium="https://www.flightjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/FECT2105_cc.jpg"
				data-large="https://www.flightjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/FECT2105_cc.jpg"
				data-retina="https://www.flightjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/FECT2105_cc.jpg"/>
			</a>
			
						<p class="sp-layer sp-black sp-padding desc-in desc-in-bg hide-medium-screen" 
				data-position="centerCenter"
				data-vertical="14%"
				data-show-transition="right" data-show-delay="500">
				The Legend of Maj. Paul "Pappy" Gunn			</p>
					</div>
						<div class="sp-slide">
			<a href="https://www.flightjournal.com/their-finest-hour/">
			<img class="sp-image" alt="" src="" 
				data-src="https://www.flightjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/use-eddie-17-kg2-01-ec.jpg"
				data-small="https://www.flightjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/use-eddie-17-kg2-01-ec.jpg"
				data-medium="https://www.flightjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/use-eddie-17-kg2-01-ec.jpg"
				data-large="https://www.flightjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/use-eddie-17-kg2-01-ec.jpg"
				data-retina="https://www.flightjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/use-eddie-17-kg2-01-ec.jpg"/>
			</a>
			
						<p class="sp-layer sp-black sp-padding desc-in desc-in-bg hide-medium-screen" 
				data-position="centerCenter"
				data-vertical="14%"
				data-show-transition="right" data-show-delay="500">
				Their Finest Hour			</p>
					</div>
						<div class="sp-slide">
			<a href="https://readyroom.flightjournal.com/butcher-bird-hellcat-corsair-test-pilot-recalls/">
			<img class="sp-image" alt="" src="" 
				data-src="https://www.flightjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/Featured_6.1-4-1.jpg"
				data-small="https://www.flightjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/Featured_6.1-4-1.jpg"
				data-medium="https://www.flightjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/Featured_6.1-4-1.jpg"
				data-large="https://www.flightjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/Featured_6.1-4-1.jpg"
				data-retina="https://www.flightjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/Featured_6.1-4-1.jpg"/>
			</a>
			
						<p class="sp-layer sp-black sp-padding desc-in desc-in-bg hide-medium-screen" 
				data-position="centerCenter"
				data-vertical="14%"
				data-show-transition="right" data-show-delay="500">
				Butcher Bird  Hellcat & Corsair: A test pilot recalls			</p>
					</div>
						<div class="sp-slide">
			<a href="https://www.flightjournal.com/stinsons-big-guy-l-bird/">
			<img class="sp-image" alt="" src="" 
				data-src="https://www.flightjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/Featured_6.1-1-1.jpg"
				data-small="https://www.flightjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/Featured_6.1-1-1.jpg"
				data-medium="https://www.flightjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/Featured_6.1-1-1.jpg"
				data-large="https://www.flightjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/Featured_6.1-1-1.jpg"
				data-retina="https://www.flightjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/Featured_6.1-1-1.jpg"/>
			</a>
			
						<p class="sp-layer sp-black sp-padding desc-in desc-in-bg hide-medium-screen" 
				data-position="centerCenter"
				data-vertical="14%"
				data-show-transition="right" data-show-delay="500">
				Stinson’s Big-Guy L-Bird			</p>
					</div>
						<div class="sp-slide">
			<a href="https://www.flightjournal.com/stalins-flying-hammer/">
			<img class="sp-image" alt="" src="" 
				data-src="https://www.flightjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/Featured_6.1-2-1.jpg"
				data-small="https://www.flightjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/Featured_6.1-2-1.jpg"
				data-medium="https://www.flightjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/Featured_6.1-2-1.jpg"
				data-large="https://www.flightjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/Featured_6.1-2-1.jpg"
				data-retina="https://www.flightjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/Featured_6.1-2-1.jpg"/>
			</a>
			
						<p class="sp-layer sp-black sp-padding desc-in desc-in-bg hide-medium-screen" 
				data-position="centerCenter"
				data-vertical="14%"
				data-show-transition="right" data-show-delay="500">
				Stalin’s Flying Hammer			</p>
					</div>
				
	</div>
	
	<!---- slides div end ---->
		<!-- slides thumbnails div start -->
	<div class="sp-thumbnails">
					<img class="sp-thumbnail" src="https://www.flightjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/1024_FJ_820x375-300x300.jpg"/>
					<img class="sp-thumbnail" src="https://www.flightjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/slider-0824_FJ_820x315-300x300.jpg"/>
					<img class="sp-thumbnail" src="https://www.flightjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/FLJ-web-Header-0624-300x300.jpg"/>
					<img class="sp-thumbnail" src="https://www.flightjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/FLJ-Web-042024-300x300.jpg"/>
					<img class="sp-thumbnail" src="https://www.flightjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/FECT2105_cc-300x300.jpg"/>
					<img class="sp-thumbnail" src="https://www.flightjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/use-eddie-17-kg2-01-ec-300x300.jpg"/>
					<img class="sp-thumbnail" src="https://www.flightjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/Featured_6.1-4-1-300x300.jpg"/>
					<img class="sp-thumbnail" src="https://www.flightjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/Featured_6.1-1-1-300x300.jpg"/>
					<img class="sp-thumbnail" src="https://www.flightjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/Featured_6.1-2-1-300x300.jpg"/>
			</div>
		<!-- slides thumbnails div end -->
	
</div>
	<div style="display:none">Ultimate Responsive Image Slider Plugin Powered By Weblizar</div>
	</div>	<h3><span style="color: rgb(141, 141, 141);">LATEST</span></h3><br />
												
<article id="post-219152" class="blog-view oddarticle post-219152 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-featured-news">



<div class="entry-content cf">
	
																							<div class="entry-thumbnail">
								<div class="post-cover"><a href="https://www.flightjournal.com/saab-37-viggen-bird-many-feathers/" title="SAAB 37 Viggen &#8211; The Bird of Many Feathers"><img src="https://www.flightjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/jet-310x190.jpg" alt="SAAB 37 Viggen &#8211; The Bird of Many Feathers" class="Thumbnail thumbnail loop-main " width="310" height="190" /></a></div>							</div>
																			
	
	</div>
<header class="entry-header cf">
		<h2 class="entry-title buynow_enabled"><a href="https://www.flightjournal.com/saab-37-viggen-bird-many-feathers/">SAAB 37 Viggen &#8211; The Bird of Many Feathers</a></h2>
	<div class="entry-excerpt">Sweden is an aeronautically unique country. After WW II, the military realized that it needed better equipment to protect the nation, so beginning in 1946, the Air Force became one of the world’s largest operators of the most state-of-the-art fighter available, the P-51 Mustang. However, while doting over what were probably the most pristine Mustangs [&hellip;]</div>	</header>

</article>				
									
<article id="post-219447" class="blog-view evenarticle post-219447 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-featured-news">



<div class="entry-content cf">
	
																							<div class="entry-thumbnail">
								<div class="post-cover"><a href="https://www.flightjournal.com/tomahawk-long-range-weather-subsonic-cruise-missile/" title="The Tomahawk Cruise Missile:  Subsonic Long-range, all-weather weapon"><img src="https://www.flightjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/300px-Tomahawk_Block_IV_cruise_missile_-crop-300x190.jpg" alt="The Tomahawk Cruise Missile:  Subsonic Long-range, all-weather weapon" class="Thumbnail thumbnail loop-main " width="310" height="190" /></a></div>							</div>
																			
	
	</div>
<header class="entry-header cf">
		<h2 class="entry-title buynow_enabled"><a href="https://www.flightjournal.com/tomahawk-long-range-weather-subsonic-cruise-missile/">The Tomahawk Cruise Missile:  Subsonic Long-range, all-weather weapon</a></h2>
	<div class="entry-excerpt">Named after the Tomahawk, a one-handed axe used as a tool and a weapon by pre-contact Native Americans, the Tomahawk is a long-range, all-weather, subsonic cruise missile. Introduced by McDonnell Douglas in the 1970s, it was initially designed as a medium to long-range, low-altitude missile that could be launched from a surface platform. It has [&hellip;]</div>	</header>

</article>				
									
<article id="post-223834" class="blog-view oddarticle post-223834 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-featured-news category-military">



<div class="entry-content cf">
	
																							<div class="entry-thumbnail">
								<div class="post-cover"><a href="https://www.flightjournal.com/americas-marine-aces-south-pacific/" title="America&#8217;s Few: Marine Aces of the South Pacific"><img src="https://www.flightjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/Screenshot-2021-12-29-115850-310x190.jpg" alt="America&#8217;s Few: Marine Aces of the South Pacific" class="Thumbnail thumbnail loop-main " width="310" height="190" /></a></div>							</div>
																			
	
	</div>
<header class="entry-header cf">
		<h2 class="entry-title buynow_enabled"><a href="https://www.flightjournal.com/americas-marine-aces-south-pacific/">America&#8217;s Few: Marine Aces of the South Pacific</a></h2>
	<div class="entry-excerpt">Written by aviation historian Bill Yenne, &#8220;America&#8217;s Few&#8221; is a new book from Osprey Publishing that delves into the history of U.S. Marine Corps aviation in World War II, following the feats of the Corps&#8217; top-scoring aces in the skies over Guadalcanal. Marine Corps aviation began in 1915, functioning as a self-contained expeditionary force. During [&hellip;]</div>	</header>

</article>				
									
<article id="post-223972" class="blog-view evenarticle post-223972 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-featured-news category-restoration-reproduction">



<div class="entry-content cf">
	
																							<div class="entry-thumbnail">
								<div class="post-cover"><a href="https://www.flightjournal.com/second-chances-breathing-new-life-california-bearcat/" title="Second Chances: Breathing New Life into a California Bearcat"><img src="https://www.flightjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/5-310x190.jpg" alt="Second Chances: Breathing New Life into a California Bearcat" class="Thumbnail thumbnail loop-main " width="310" height="190" /></a></div>							</div>
																			
	
	</div>
<header class="entry-header cf">
		<h2 class="entry-title buynow_enabled"><a href="https://www.flightjournal.com/second-chances-breathing-new-life-california-bearcat/">Second Chances: Breathing New Life into a California Bearcat</a></h2>
	<div class="entry-excerpt">The Southern California Wing of the Commemorative Air Force in Camarillo, CA has recently begun a full overhaul of one of its most prized aircraft, the Grumman F8F-2 Bearcat. Though Bearcats are somewhat common warbirds in the world of aircraft restoration, CAF SoCal’s airframe, BuNo 122674, has a truly unique history and has flown in [&hellip;]</div>	</header>

</article>				
									
<article id="post-224181" class="blog-view oddarticle post-224181 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-featured-news">



<div class="entry-content cf">
	
																							<div class="entry-thumbnail">
								<div class="post-cover"><a href="https://www.flightjournal.com/early-channel-battles-spitfires-fend-off-109s/" title="Early Channel Battles &#8211; Spitfires fend off Me 109s"><img src="https://www.flightjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/5-Dibbs-SP0104.11_cc-min-1-310x190.jpg" alt="Early Channel Battles &#8211; Spitfires fend off Me 109s" class="Thumbnail thumbnail loop-main " width="310" height="190" /></a></div>							</div>
																			
	
	</div>
<header class="entry-header cf">
		<h2 class="entry-title buynow_enabled"><a href="https://www.flightjournal.com/early-channel-battles-spitfires-fend-off-109s/">Early Channel Battles &#8211; Spitfires fend off Me 109s</a></h2>
	<div class="entry-excerpt">Of all the written accounts by the fighter pilots of the RAF during 1941, two stand out, in my opinion. Both were by pilots who flew Spitfire Mk Vs with 610 Squadron, which by summer 1941 was one of the squadrons under Wing Commander Douglas Bader. “Circuses” were usually composed of six bombers, escorted by [&hellip;]</div>	</header>

</article>				
									
<article id="post-224011" class="blog-view evenarticle post-224011 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-featured-news">



<div class="entry-content cf">
	
																							<div class="entry-thumbnail">
								<div class="post-cover"><a href="https://www.flightjournal.com/restoring-classic-canadian-staggerwing-gets-new-life/" title="Restoring a Classic: A Canadian Staggerwing Gets a New Life"><img src="https://www.flightjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/Featured_6.1-1-310x190.jpg" alt="Restoring a Classic: A Canadian Staggerwing Gets a New Life" class="Thumbnail thumbnail loop-main " width="310" height="190" /></a></div>							</div>
																			
	
	</div>
<header class="entry-header cf">
		<h2 class="entry-title buynow_enabled"><a href="https://www.flightjournal.com/restoring-classic-canadian-staggerwing-gets-new-life/">Restoring a Classic: A Canadian Staggerwing Gets a New Life</a></h2>
	<div class="entry-excerpt">The classic Beechcraft D17S Staggerwing first appeared in 1937 and was a follow-on design for Walter Beech of the original fixed gear Model 17 of the early 1930s. It was considered to be one of the finest and fastest aircraft of the time. It was expensive, with prices quoted between $14,000 and $17,000 U.S. depending [&hellip;]</div>	</header>

</article>				
									
<article id="post-224383" class="blog-view oddarticle post-224383 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-featured-news">



<div class="entry-content cf">
	
																							<div class="entry-thumbnail">
								<div class="post-cover"><a href="https://www.flightjournal.com/last-man-limited-edition-pilot-signed-print/" title="&#8220;Last Man In&#8230;!&#8221; Limited Edition Pilot Signed Print"><img src="https://www.flightjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/Screenshot-2024-12-05-115031-310x190.png" alt="&#8220;Last Man In&#8230;!&#8221; Limited Edition Pilot Signed Print" class="Thumbnail thumbnail loop-main " width="310" height="190" /></a></div>							</div>
																			
	
	</div>
<header class="entry-header cf">
		<h2 class="entry-title buynow_enabled"><a href="https://www.flightjournal.com/last-man-limited-edition-pilot-signed-print/">&#8220;Last Man In&#8230;!&#8221; Limited Edition Pilot Signed Print</a></h2>
	<div class="entry-excerpt">On May 1st, 1982, nine Sea Harriers from 800 Naval Air Squadron attacked the airfield at Port Stanley in the Falklands. Then a Flight Lieutenant, David Morgan was the pilot of the last aircraft to attack and was forced to come in just above ground level to avoid the airfield defenses. Despite being hit by [&hellip;]</div>	</header>

</article>				
									
<article id="post-224368" class="blog-view evenarticle post-224368 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-featured-news">



<div class="entry-content cf">
	
																							<div class="entry-thumbnail">
								<div class="post-cover"><a href="https://www.flightjournal.com/new-book-aviation-adirondacks/" title="New book: &#8220;Aviation in the Adirondacks&#8221;"><img src="https://www.flightjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/Screenshot-2024-09-12-100901-310x190.png" alt="New book: &#8220;Aviation in the Adirondacks&#8221;" class="Thumbnail thumbnail loop-main " width="310" height="190" /></a></div>							</div>
																			
	
	</div>
<header class="entry-header cf">
		<h2 class="entry-title buynow_enabled"><a href="https://www.flightjournal.com/new-book-aviation-adirondacks/">New book: &#8220;Aviation in the Adirondacks&#8221;</a></h2>
	<div class="entry-excerpt">Since 1912, when a young man named George Gray landed an open-cockpit biplane on a farmer’s field, aviation has played an important role in communities located throughout the 6 million-acre Adirondack Park. Through a range of historic images and postcards, Aurora Pfaff tells the story of pilots who linked communities by air, transported goods and [&hellip;]</div>	</header>

</article>				
									
<article id="post-224353" class="blog-view oddarticle post-224353 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-featured-news category-premium-membership">



<div class="entry-content cf">
	
																							<div class="entry-thumbnail">
								<div class="post-cover"><a href="https://www.flightjournal.com/stinson-sr5a-reliant-harry-ballances-pursuit-perfection/" title="Stinson SR5A Reliant &#8211; Harry Ballance’s pursuit of perfection"><img src="https://www.flightjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/DLeininger-Stinson-SR5-Feet-Dry_cc-min-310x190.jpg" alt="Stinson SR5A Reliant &#8211; Harry Ballance’s pursuit of perfection" class="Thumbnail thumbnail loop-main " width="310" height="190" /></a></div>							</div>
																			
	
	</div>
<header class="entry-header cf">
		<h2 class="entry-title buynow_enabled"><a href="https://www.flightjournal.com/stinson-sr5a-reliant-harry-ballances-pursuit-perfection/">Stinson SR5A Reliant &#8211; Harry Ballance’s pursuit of perfection</a></h2>
	<div class="entry-excerpt">Harry Ballance Jr. has no memory of his father’s Stinson SR5A or any of the Stinsons his father owned. Born in 1939, he was too young to comprehend the beauty or significance of the Reliant series of elegant, high-wing commercial/private aircraft made in Wayne, Michigan between 1933 and 1941. With 10 principal civilian models, four [&hellip;]</div>	</header>

</article>				
									
<article id="post-224351" class="blog-view evenarticle post-224351 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-featured-news category-premium-membership">



<div class="entry-content cf">
	
																							<div class="entry-thumbnail">
								<div class="post-cover"><a href="https://www.flightjournal.com/feared-fighter-ww-german-albatros-d-va/" title="Feared Fighter &#8211; WW I German Albatros D.Va"><img src="https://www.flightjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/alabtross-dv_00103cc-min-310x190.jpg" alt="Feared Fighter &#8211; WW I German Albatros D.Va" class="Thumbnail thumbnail loop-main " width="310" height="190" /></a></div>							</div>
																			
	
	</div>
<header class="entry-header cf">
		<h2 class="entry-title buynow_enabled"><a href="https://www.flightjournal.com/feared-fighter-ww-german-albatros-d-va/">Feared Fighter &#8211; WW I German Albatros D.Va</a></h2>
	<div class="entry-excerpt">The Vintage Aviator Ltd. (TVAL), in Wellington, New Zealand, has reproduced one of the most significant fighters from the Great War. This time the focus was on an iconic German aircraft, the Albatros D.Va, which was the machine of choice and the last in a long line of single-seat fighters. Many of the highest scoring [&hellip;]</div>	</header>

</article>				
	
	
			<div class="blog-nav cf" style="clear: both;text-align: center;">
							<span aria-current="page" class="page-numbers current">1</span>
<a class="page-numbers" href="https://www.flightjournal.com/page/2/">2</a>
<a class="page-numbers" href="https://www.flightjournal.com/page/3/">3</a>
<span class="page-numbers dots">&hellip;</span>
<a class="page-numbers" href="https://www.flightjournal.com/page/287/">287</a>
<a class="next page-numbers" href="https://www.flightjournal.com/page/2/">Next &raquo;</a>					</div>
	
	
</div>

<div id="sidebar-right" class="sidebar cf">
		<div id="widgets-wrap-sidebar-right">

					<div id="text-80" class="widget-odd widget-first widget-1 show-title widget-sidebar frontier-widget widget_text"><h4 class="widget-title">Featured Video</h4>			<div class="textwidget">
<script>
	var lightbox_transition = 'elastic';
	var lightbox_speed = 800;
	var lightbox_fadeOut = 300;
	var lightbox_title = false;
	var lightbox_scalePhotos = true;
	var lightbox_scrolling = false;
	var lightbox_opacity = 0.201;
	var lightbox_open = false;
	var lightbox_returnFocus = true;
	var lightbox_trapFocus = true;
	var lightbox_fastIframe = true;
	var lightbox_preloading = true;
	var lightbox_overlayClose = true;
	var lightbox_escKey = false;
	var lightbox_arrowKey = false;
	var lightbox_loop = true;
	var lightbox_closeButton = true;
	var lightbox_previous = "previous";
	var lightbox_next = "next";
	var lightbox_close = "close";
	var lightbox_html = false;
	var lightbox_photo = false;
	var lightbox_width = "800";
	var lightbox_height = "600";
	var lightbox_innerWidth = 'false';
	var lightbox_innerHeight = 'false';
	var lightbox_initialWidth = '300';
	var lightbox_initialHeight = '100';
	
        var maxwidth=jQuery(window).width();
        if(maxwidth > 800 ){ maxwidth= 800 ; }
        var lightbox_maxWidth = maxwidth;
        var lightbox_maxHeight = 600;
        
	var lightbox_slideshow = false;
	var lightbox_slideshowSpeed = 2500;
	var lightbox_slideshowAuto = true;
	var lightbox_slideshowStart = "start slideshow";
	var lightbox_slideshowStop = "stop slideshow";
	var lightbox_fixed = true;
			var lightbox_top = false;
		var lightbox_bottom = false;
		var lightbox_left = false;
		var lightbox_right = false;
		
	var lightbox_reposition = false;
	var lightbox_retinaImage = true;
	var lightbox_retinaUrl = false;
	var lightbox_retinaSuffix = "@2x.$1";
	
				jQuery(document).ready(function(){
				jQuery("#huge_it_videogallery_content a[href$='.jpg'], #huge_it_videogallery_content a[href$='.jpeg'], #huge_it_videogallery_content a[href$='.png'], #huge_it_videogallery_content a[href$='.gif']").addClass('videogroup1');
				
				jQuery(".videogroup1").colorbox({rel:'videogroup1'});
				jQuery(".youtube").colorbox({iframe:true, innerWidth:640, innerHeight:390});
				jQuery(".vimeo").colorbox({iframe:true, innerWidth:640, innerHeight:390});
				jQuery(".iframe").colorbox({iframe:true, width:"80%", height:"80%"});
				jQuery(".inline").colorbox({inline:true, width:"50%"});
				jQuery(".callbacks").colorbox({
					onOpen:function(){ alert('onOpen: colorbox is about to open'); },
					onLoad:function(){ alert('onLoad: colorbox has started to load the targeted content'); },
					onComplete:function(){ alert('onComplete: colorbox has displayed the loaded content'); },
					onCleanup:function(){ alert('onCleanup: colorbox has begun the close process'); },
					onClosed:function(){ alert('onClosed: colorbox has completely closed'); }
				});

				jQuery('.non-retina').colorbox({rel:'group5', transition:'none'})
				jQuery('.retina').colorbox({rel:'group5', transition:'none', retinaImage:true, retinaUrl:true});
				
				jQuery("#click").click(function(){ 
					jQuery('#click').css({"background-color":"#f00", "color":"#fff", "cursor":"inherit"}).text("Open this window again and this message will still be here.");
					return false;
				});
			});
		
</script>
<!--Huge IT videogallery START-->
	<!-- videogallery CONTENT POPUP -->
		<link href="https://www.flightjournal.com/wp-content/plugins/gallery-video/Front_end/../style/colorbox-1.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" />
		
	<script src="https://www.flightjournal.com/wp-content/plugins/gallery-video/Front_end/../js/jquery.colorbox.js"></script>
	<script src="https://www.flightjournal.com/wp-content/plugins/gallery-video/Front_end/../js/jquery.hugeitmicro.min.js"></script>
	
		

	<script>var video_is_playing_videogallery_1=false;</script>


<script src="https://www.flightjournal.com/wp-content/plugins/gallery-video/Front_end/js/youtube.lib.js"></script>
<script> 
   
		var player_23;
 
		var player_22;
 
		var player_20;
 
		var player_19;
		video_is_playing_videogallery_1=false;
		function onYouTubeIframeAPIReady() {
										
				 
				player_23 = new YT.Player('video_id_videogallery_1_0', {
				  height: '375',
				  width: '600',
				  videoId: '',
				   playerVars: {
					'controls': 0,           
					'showinfo': 1				  },
				  events: {
					'onStateChange': onPlayerStateChange_23,
					'loop':1
				  }
				});
										
				 
				player_22 = new YT.Player('video_id_videogallery_1_1', {
				  height: '375',
				  width: '600',
				  videoId: 'Fpx7MqQ1BdY',
				   playerVars: {
					'controls': 0,           
					'showinfo': 1				  },
				  events: {
					'onStateChange': onPlayerStateChange_22,
					'loop':1
				  }
				});
										
				 
				player_20 = new YT.Player('video_id_videogallery_1_2', {
				  height: '375',
				  width: '600',
				  videoId: '',
				   playerVars: {
					'controls': 0,           
					'showinfo': 1				  },
				  events: {
					'onStateChange': onPlayerStateChange_20,
					'loop':1
				  }
				});
										
				 
				player_19 = new YT.Player('video_id_videogallery_1_3', {
				  height: '375',
				  width: '600',
				  videoId: '',
				   playerVars: {
					'controls': 0,           
					'showinfo': 1				  },
				  events: {
					'onStateChange': onPlayerStateChange_19,
					'loop':1
				  }
				});
					}
		
		
		 function onPlayerStateChange_23(event) {
			//(event.data);
                        			if (event.data == YT.PlayerState.PLAYING) {
				event.target.setPlaybackQuality('Stallion 51 and Kissimmee Airport');
				video_is_playing_videogallery_1=true;
			}
			else{
				video_is_playing_videogallery_1=false;
			}
		  }
		 function onPlayerStateChange_22(event) {
			//(event.data);
                        			if (event.data == YT.PlayerState.PLAYING) {
				event.target.setPlaybackQuality('Kissimmee Gateway Airport - Stallion 51‬');
				video_is_playing_videogallery_1=true;
			}
			else{
				video_is_playing_videogallery_1=false;
			}
		  }
		 function onPlayerStateChange_20(event) {
			//(event.data);
                        			if (event.data == YT.PlayerState.PLAYING) {
				event.target.setPlaybackQuality('Spitfire: The Plane that Saved the World');
				video_is_playing_videogallery_1=true;
			}
			else{
				video_is_playing_videogallery_1=false;
			}
		  }
		 function onPlayerStateChange_19(event) {
			//(event.data);
                        			if (event.data == YT.PlayerState.PLAYING) {
				event.target.setPlaybackQuality('17 Most Bizarre Aircrafts ');
				video_is_playing_videogallery_1=true;
			}
			else{
				video_is_playing_videogallery_1=false;
			}
		  }
	function stopYoutubeVideo() {
					// player_23.pauseVideo();
					// player_22.pauseVideo();
					// player_20.pauseVideo();
					// player_19.pauseVideo();
			}

</script>
	
	
	<script>
	var data_videogallery_1 = [];      
	var event_stack_videogallery_1 = [];
	data_videogallery_1["0"]=[];data_videogallery_1["0"]["id"]="0";data_videogallery_1["0"]["image_url"]="https://youtu.be/HJLfXI6QC0U";data_videogallery_1["0"]["description"]="";data_videogallery_1["0"]["alt"]="Stallion 51 and Kissimmee Airport";data_videogallery_1["1"]=[];data_videogallery_1["1"]["id"]="1";data_videogallery_1["1"]["image_url"]="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Fpx7MqQ1BdY&feature=youtu.be";data_videogallery_1["1"]["description"]="";data_videogallery_1["1"]["alt"]="Kissimmee Gateway Airport - Stallion 51‬";data_videogallery_1["2"]=[];data_videogallery_1["2"]["id"]="2";data_videogallery_1["2"]["image_url"]="https://youtu.be/pHAwD3OjzkU";data_videogallery_1["2"]["description"]="They say she was beautiful. A dream. But for all her good looks, she was also a killer. Spitfire is an epic, sweeping tale of determination, vision and courage. ";data_videogallery_1["2"]["alt"]="Spitfire: The Plane that Saved the World";data_videogallery_1["3"]=[];data_videogallery_1["3"]["id"]="3";data_videogallery_1["3"]["image_url"]="https://youtu.be/LoN9uXzpAz0";data_videogallery_1["3"]["description"]="";data_videogallery_1["3"]["alt"]="17 Most Bizarre Aircrafts ";	
	

      var huge_it_trans_in_progress_videogallery_1 = false;
      var huge_it_transition_duration_videogallery_1 = 1000;
	  var huge_it_playInterval_videogallery_1;
      // Stop autoplay.
      window.clearInterval(huge_it_playInterval_videogallery_1);
	 // alert('huge_it_current_key_videogallery_1');
     var huge_it_current_key_videogallery_1 = '';
	 function huge_it_move_dots_videogallery_1() {
        var image_left = jQuery(".huge_it_slideshow_dots_active_videogallery_1").position().left;
        var image_right = jQuery(".huge_it_slideshow_dots_active_videogallery_1").position().left + jQuery(".huge_it_slideshow_dots_active_videogallery_1").outerWidth(true);
       
      }
      function huge_it_testBrowser_cssTransitions_videogallery_1() {
        return huge_it_testDom_videogallery_1('Transition');
      }
      function huge_it_testBrowser_cssTransforms3d_videogallery_1() {
        return huge_it_testDom_videogallery_1('Perspective');
      }
      function huge_it_testDom_videogallery_1(prop) {
        // Browser vendor CSS prefixes.
        var browserVendors = ['', '-webkit-', '-moz-', '-ms-', '-o-', '-khtml-'];
        // Browser vendor DOM prefixes.
        var domPrefixes = ['', 'Webkit', 'Moz', 'ms', 'O', 'Khtml'];
        var i = domPrefixes.length;
        while (i--) {
          if (typeof document.body.style[domPrefixes[i] + prop] !== 'undefined') {
            return true;
          }
        }
        return false;
      }
		function huge_it_cube_videogallery_1(tz, ntx, nty, nrx, nry, wrx, wry, current_image_class, next_image_class, direction) {
        /* If browser does not support 3d transforms/CSS transitions.*/
        if (!huge_it_testBrowser_cssTransitions_videogallery_1()) {
			jQuery(".huge_it_slideshow_dots_videogallery_1").removeClass("huge_it_slideshow_dots_active_videogallery_1").addClass("huge_it_slideshow_dots_deactive_videogallery_1");
        jQuery("#huge_it_dots_" + huge_it_current_key_videogallery_1 + "_videogallery_1").removeClass("huge_it_slideshow_dots_deactive_videogallery_1").addClass("huge_it_slideshow_dots_active_videogallery_1");
          return huge_it_fallback_videogallery_1(current_image_class, next_image_class, direction);
        }
        if (!huge_it_testBrowser_cssTransforms3d_videogallery_1()) {
          return huge_it_fallback3d_videogallery_1(current_image_class, next_image_class, direction);
        }
        huge_it_trans_in_progress_videogallery_1 = true;
        /* Set active thumbnail.*/
		jQuery(".huge_it_slideshow_dots_videogallery_1").removeClass("huge_it_slideshow_dots_active_videogallery_1").addClass("huge_it_slideshow_dots_deactive_videogallery_1");  
		jQuery("#huge_it_dots_" + huge_it_current_key_videogallery_1 + "_videogallery_1").removeClass("huge_it_slideshow_dots_deactive_videogallery_1").addClass("huge_it_slideshow_dots_active_videogallery_1");
        jQuery(".huge_it_slide_bg_videogallery_1").css('perspective', 1000);
        jQuery(current_image_class).css({
          transform : 'translateZ(' + tz + 'px)',
          backfaceVisibility : 'hidden'
        });
		
		 jQuery(".huge_it_slideshow_image_wrap_videogallery_1,.huge_it_slide_bg_videogallery_1,.huge_it_slideshow_image_item_videogallery_1,.huge_it_slideshow_image_second_item_videogallery_1 ").css('overflow', 'visible');
		
        jQuery(next_image_class).css({
          opacity : 1,
          filter: 'Alpha(opacity=100)',
          backfaceVisibility : 'hidden',
          transform : 'translateY(' + nty + 'px) translateX(' + ntx + 'px) rotateY('+ nry +'deg) rotateX('+ nrx +'deg)'
        });
        jQuery(".huge_it_slider_videogallery_1").css({
          transform: 'translateZ(-' + tz + 'px)',
          transformStyle: 'preserve-3d'
        });
        /* Execution steps.*/
        setTimeout(function () {
          jQuery(".huge_it_slider_videogallery_1").css({
            transition: 'all ' + huge_it_transition_duration_videogallery_1 + 'ms ease-in-out',
            transform: 'translateZ(-' + tz + 'px) rotateX('+ wrx +'deg) rotateY('+ wry +'deg)'
          });
        }, 20);
        /* After transition.*/
        jQuery(".huge_it_slider_videogallery_1").one('webkitTransitionEnd transitionend otransitionend oTransitionEnd mstransitionend', jQuery.proxy(huge_it_after_trans));
        function huge_it_after_trans() {
          /*if (huge_it_from_focus_videogallery_1) {
            huge_it_from_focus_videogallery_1 = false;
            return;
          }*/
		  jQuery(".huge_it_slide_bg_videogallery_1,.huge_it_slideshow_image_item_videogallery_1,.huge_it_slideshow_image_second_item_videogallery_1 ").css('overflow', 'hidden');
		  jQuery(".huge_it_slide_bg_videogallery_1").removeAttr('style');
          jQuery(current_image_class).removeAttr('style');
          jQuery(next_image_class).removeAttr('style');
          jQuery(".huge_it_slider_videogallery_1").removeAttr('style');
          jQuery(current_image_class).css({'opacity' : 0, filter: 'Alpha(opacity=0)', 'z-index': 1});
          jQuery(next_image_class).css({'opacity' : 1, filter: 'Alpha(opacity=100)', 'z-index' : 2});
         // huge_it_change_watermark_container_videogallery_1();
          huge_it_trans_in_progress_videogallery_1 = false;
          if (typeof event_stack_videogallery_1 !== 'undefined' && event_stack_videogallery_1.length > 0) {
            key = event_stack_videogallery_1[0].split("-");
            event_stack_videogallery_1.shift();
            huge_it_change_image_videogallery_1(key[0], key[1], data_videogallery_1, true,false);
          }
        }
      }
      function huge_it_cubeH_videogallery_1(current_image_class, next_image_class, direction) {
        /* Set to half of image width.*/
        var dimension = jQuery(current_image_class).width() / 2;
        if (direction == 'right') {
          huge_it_cube_videogallery_1(dimension, dimension, 0, 0, 90, 0, -90, current_image_class, next_image_class, direction);
        }
        else if (direction == 'left') {
          huge_it_cube_videogallery_1(dimension, -dimension, 0, 0, -90, 0, 90, current_image_class, next_image_class, direction);
        }
      }
      function huge_it_cubeV_videogallery_1(current_image_class, next_image_class, direction) {
        /* Set to half of image height.*/
        var dimension = jQuery(current_image_class).height() / 2;
        /* If next slide.*/
        if (direction == 'right') {
          huge_it_cube_videogallery_1(dimension, 0, -dimension, 90, 0, -90, 0, current_image_class, next_image_class, direction);
        }
        else if (direction == 'left') {
          huge_it_cube_videogallery_1(dimension, 0, dimension, -90, 0, 90, 0, current_image_class, next_image_class, direction);
        }
      }
      /* For browsers that does not support transitions.*/
      function huge_it_fallback_videogallery_1(current_image_class, next_image_class, direction) {
        huge_it_fade_videogallery_1(current_image_class, next_image_class, direction);
      }
      /* For browsers that support transitions, but not 3d transforms (only used if primary transition makes use of 3d-transforms).*/
      function huge_it_fallback3d_videogallery_1(current_image_class, next_image_class, direction) {
        huge_it_sliceV_videogallery_1(current_image_class, next_image_class, direction);
      }
      function huge_it_none_videogallery_1(current_image_class, next_image_class, direction) {
        jQuery(current_image_class).css({'opacity' : 0, 'z-index': 1});
        jQuery(next_image_class).css({'opacity' : 1, 'z-index' : 2});

        /* Set active thumbnail.*/
        jQuery(".huge_it_slideshow_dots_videogallery_1").removeClass("huge_it_slideshow_dots_active_videogallery_1").addClass("huge_it_slideshow_dots_deactive_videogallery_1");
        jQuery("#huge_it_dots_" + huge_it_current_key_videogallery_1 + "_videogallery_1").removeClass("huge_it_slideshow_dots_deactive_videogallery_1").addClass("huge_it_slideshow_dots_active_videogallery_1");
      }
      function huge_it_fade_videogallery_1(current_image_class, next_image_class, direction) {
		if (huge_it_testBrowser_cssTransitions_videogallery_1()) {
          jQuery(next_image_class).css('transition', 'opacity ' + huge_it_transition_duration_videogallery_1 + 'ms linear');
		  jQuery(current_image_class).css('transition', 'opacity ' + huge_it_transition_duration_videogallery_1 + 'ms linear');
          jQuery(current_image_class).css({'opacity' : 0, 'z-index': 1});
          jQuery(next_image_class).css({'opacity' : 1, 'z-index' : 2});
        }
        else {
          jQuery(current_image_class).animate({'opacity' : 0, 'z-index' : 1}, huge_it_transition_duration_videogallery_1);
          jQuery(next_image_class).animate({
              'opacity' : 1,
              'z-index': 2
            }, {
              duration: huge_it_transition_duration_videogallery_1,
              complete: function () {return false;}
            });
          // For IE.
          jQuery(current_image_class).fadeTo(huge_it_transition_duration_videogallery_1, 0);
          jQuery(next_image_class).fadeTo(huge_it_transition_duration_videogallery_1, 1);
        }

		jQuery(".huge_it_slideshow_dots_videogallery_1").removeClass("huge_it_slideshow_dots_active_videogallery_1").addClass("huge_it_slideshow_dots_deactive_videogallery_1");
		jQuery("#huge_it_dots_" + huge_it_current_key_videogallery_1 + "_videogallery_1").removeClass("huge_it_slideshow_dots_deactive_videogallery_1").addClass("huge_it_slideshow_dots_active_videogallery_1");
      }
      function huge_it_grid_videogallery_1(cols, rows, ro, tx, ty, sc, op, current_image_class, next_image_class, direction) {
        /* If browser does not support CSS transitions.*/
        if (!huge_it_testBrowser_cssTransitions_videogallery_1()) {
			jQuery(".huge_it_slideshow_dots_videogallery_1").removeClass("huge_it_slideshow_dots_active_videogallery_1").addClass("huge_it_slideshow_dots_deactive_videogallery_1");
        jQuery("#huge_it_dots_" + huge_it_current_key_videogallery_1 + "_videogallery_1").removeClass("huge_it_slideshow_dots_deactive_videogallery_1").addClass("huge_it_slideshow_dots_active_videogallery_1");
          return huge_it_fallback_videogallery_1(current_image_class, next_image_class, direction);
		  
        }
        huge_it_trans_in_progress_videogallery_1 = true;
        /* Set active thumbnail.*/
		jQuery(".huge_it_slideshow_dots_videogallery_1").removeClass("huge_it_slideshow_dots_active_videogallery_1").addClass("huge_it_slideshow_dots_deactive_videogallery_1");
        jQuery("#huge_it_dots_" + huge_it_current_key_videogallery_1 + "_videogallery_1").removeClass("huge_it_slideshow_dots_deactive_videogallery_1").addClass("huge_it_slideshow_dots_active_videogallery_1");
        /* The time (in ms) added to/subtracted from the delay total for each new gridlet.*/
        var count = (huge_it_transition_duration_videogallery_1) / (cols + rows);
        /* Gridlet creator (divisions of the image grid, positioned with background-images to replicate the look of an entire slide image when assembled)*/
        function huge_it_gridlet(width, height, top, img_top, left, img_left, src, imgWidth, imgHeight, c, r) {
          var delay = (c + r) * count;
          /* Return a gridlet elem with styles for specific transition.*/
          return jQuery('<div class="huge_it_gridlet_videogallery_1" />').css({
            width : width,
            height : height,
            top : top,
            left : left,
            backgroundImage : 'url("' + src + '")',
            backgroundColor: jQuery(".huge_it_slideshow_image_wrap_videogallery_1").css("background-color"),
            /*backgroundColor: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0),*/
            backgroundRepeat: 'no-repeat',
            backgroundPosition : img_left + 'px ' + img_top + 'px',
            backgroundSize : imgWidth + 'px ' + imgHeight + 'px',
            transition : 'all ' + huge_it_transition_duration_videogallery_1 + 'ms ease-in-out ' + delay + 'ms',
            transform : 'none'
          });
        }
        /* Get the current slide's image.*/
        var cur_img = jQuery(current_image_class).find('img');
        /* Create a grid to hold the gridlets.*/
        var grid = jQuery('<div />').addClass('huge_it_grid_videogallery_1');
        /* Prepend the grid to the next slide (i.e. so it's above the slide image).*/
        jQuery(current_image_class).prepend(grid);
        /* vars to calculate positioning/size of gridlets*/
        var cont = jQuery(".huge_it_slide_bg_videogallery_1");
        var imgWidth = cur_img.width();
        var imgHeight = cur_img.height();
        var contWidth = cont.width(),
            contHeight = cont.height(),
            imgSrc = cur_img.attr('src'),/*.replace('/thumb', ''),*/
            colWidth = Math.floor(contWidth / cols),
            rowHeight = Math.floor(contHeight / rows),
            colRemainder = contWidth - (cols * colWidth),
            colAdd = Math.ceil(colRemainder / cols),
            rowRemainder = contHeight - (rows * rowHeight),
            rowAdd = Math.ceil(rowRemainder / rows),
            leftDist = 0,
            img_leftDist = (jQuery(".huge_it_slide_bg_videogallery_1").width() - cur_img.width()) / 2;
        /* tx/ty args can be passed as 'auto'/'min-auto' (meaning use slide width/height or negative slide width/height).*/
        tx = tx === 'auto' ? contWidth : tx;
        tx = tx === 'min-auto' ? - contWidth : tx;
        ty = ty === 'auto' ? contHeight : ty;
        ty = ty === 'min-auto' ? - contHeight : ty;
        /* Loop through cols*/
        for (var i = 0; i < cols; i++) {
          var topDist = 0,
              img_topDst = (jQuery(".huge_it_slide_bg_videogallery_1").height() - cur_img.height()) / 2,
              newColWidth = colWidth;
          /* If imgWidth (px) does not divide cleanly into the specified number of cols, adjust individual col widths to create correct total.*/
          if (colRemainder > 0) {
            var add = colRemainder >= colAdd ? colAdd : colRemainder;
            newColWidth += add;
            colRemainder -= add;
          }
          /* Nested loop to create row gridlets for each col.*/
          for (var j = 0; j < rows; j++)  {
            var newRowHeight = rowHeight,
                newRowRemainder = rowRemainder;
            /* If contHeight (px) does not divide cleanly into the specified number of rows, adjust individual row heights to create correct total.*/
            if (newRowRemainder > 0) {
              add = newRowRemainder >= rowAdd ? rowAdd : rowRemainder;
              newRowHeight += add;
              newRowRemainder -= add;
            }
            /* Create & append gridlet to grid.*/
            grid.append(huge_it_gridlet(newColWidth, newRowHeight, topDist, img_topDst, leftDist, img_leftDist, imgSrc, imgWidth, imgHeight, i, j));
            topDist += newRowHeight;
            img_topDst -= newRowHeight;
          }
          img_leftDist -= newColWidth;
          leftDist += newColWidth;
        }
        /* Set event listener on last gridlet to finish transitioning.*/
        var last_gridlet = grid.children().last();
        /* Show grid & hide the image it replaces.*/
        grid.show();
        cur_img.css('opacity', 0);
        /* Add identifying classes to corner gridlets (useful if applying border radius).*/
        grid.children().first().addClass('rs-top-left');
        grid.children().last().addClass('rs-bottom-right');
        grid.children().eq(rows - 1).addClass('rs-bottom-left');
        grid.children().eq(- rows).addClass('rs-top-right');
        /* Execution steps.*/
        setTimeout(function () {
          grid.children().css({
            opacity: op,
            transform: 'rotate('+ ro +'deg) translateX('+ tx +'px) translateY('+ ty +'px) scale('+ sc +')'
          });
        }, 1);
        jQuery(next_image_class).css('opacity', 1);
        /* After transition.*/
        jQuery(last_gridlet).one('webkitTransitionEnd transitionend otransitionend oTransitionEnd mstransitionend', jQuery.proxy(huge_it_after_trans));
        function huge_it_after_trans() {
          jQuery(current_image_class).css({'opacity' : 0, 'z-index': 1});
          jQuery(next_image_class).css({'opacity' : 1, 'z-index' : 2});
          cur_img.css('opacity', 1);
          grid.remove();
          huge_it_trans_in_progress_videogallery_1 = false;
          if (typeof event_stack_videogallery_1 !== 'undefined' && event_stack_videogallery_1.length > 0) {
            key = event_stack_videogallery_1[0].split("-");
            event_stack_videogallery_1.shift();
            huge_it_change_image_videogallery_1(key[0], key[1], data_videogallery_1, true,false);
          }
        }
      }
      function huge_it_sliceH_videogallery_1(current_image_class, next_image_class, direction) {
        if (direction == 'right') {
          var translateX = 'min-auto';
        }
        else if (direction == 'left') {
          var translateX = 'auto';
        }
        huge_it_grid_videogallery_1(1, 8, 0, translateX, 0, 1, 0, current_image_class, next_image_class, direction);
      }
      function huge_it_sliceV_videogallery_1(current_image_class, next_image_class, direction) {
        if (direction == 'right') {
          var translateY = 'min-auto';
        }
        else if (direction == 'left') {
          var translateY = 'auto';
        }
        huge_it_grid_videogallery_1(10, 1, 0, 0, translateY, 1, 0, current_image_class, next_image_class, direction);
      }
      function huge_it_slideV_videogallery_1(current_image_class, next_image_class, direction) {
        if (direction == 'right') {
          var translateY = 'auto';
        }
        else if (direction == 'left') {
          var translateY = 'min-auto';
        }
        huge_it_grid_videogallery_1(1, 1, 0, 0, translateY, 1, 1, current_image_class, next_image_class, direction);
      }
      function huge_it_slideH_videogallery_1(current_image_class, next_image_class, direction) {
        if (direction == 'right') {
          var translateX = 'min-auto';
        }
        else if (direction == 'left') {
          var translateX = 'auto';
        }
        huge_it_grid_videogallery_1(1, 1, 0, translateX, 0, 1, 1, current_image_class, next_image_class, direction);
      }
      function huge_it_scaleOut_videogallery_1(current_image_class, next_image_class, direction) {
        huge_it_grid_videogallery_1(1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1.5, 0, current_image_class, next_image_class, direction);
      }
      function huge_it_scaleIn_videogallery_1(current_image_class, next_image_class, direction) {
        huge_it_grid_videogallery_1(1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0.5, 0, current_image_class, next_image_class, direction);
      }
      function huge_it_blockScale_videogallery_1(current_image_class, next_image_class, direction) {
        huge_it_grid_videogallery_1(8, 6, 0, 0, 0, .6, 0, current_image_class, next_image_class, direction);
      }
      function huge_it_kaleidoscope_videogallery_1(current_image_class, next_image_class, direction) {
        huge_it_grid_videogallery_1(10, 8, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, current_image_class, next_image_class, direction);
      }
      function huge_it_fan_videogallery_1(current_image_class, next_image_class, direction) {
        if (direction == 'right') {
          var rotate = 45;
          var translateX = 100;
        }
        else if (direction == 'left') {
          var rotate = -45;
          var translateX = -100;
        }
        huge_it_grid_videogallery_1(1, 10, rotate, translateX, 0, 1, 0, current_image_class, next_image_class, direction);
      }
      function huge_it_blindV_videogallery_1(current_image_class, next_image_class, direction) {
        huge_it_grid_videogallery_1(1, 8, 0, 0, 0, .7, 0, current_image_class, next_image_class);
      }
      function huge_it_blindH_videogallery_1(current_image_class, next_image_class, direction) {
        huge_it_grid_videogallery_1(10, 1, 0, 0, 0, .7, 0, current_image_class, next_image_class);
      }
      function huge_it_random_videogallery_1(current_image_class, next_image_class, direction) {
        var anims = ['sliceH', 'sliceV', 'slideH', 'slideV', 'scaleOut', 'scaleIn', 'blockScale', 'kaleidoscope', 'fan', 'blindH', 'blindV'];
        /* Pick a random transition from the anims array.*/
        this["huge_it_" + anims[Math.floor(Math.random() * anims.length)] + "_videogallery_1"](current_image_class, next_image_class, direction);
      }
      
      function iterator_videogallery_1() {
        var iterator = 1;

        return iterator;
     }
	 
     function huge_it_change_image_videogallery_1(current_key, key, data_videogallery_1, from_effect,clicked) {
		
        if (data_videogallery_1[key]) {
			
			if(video_is_playing_videogallery_1 && !clicked){
				return false;
			}
        
          if (!from_effect) {
			
            // Change image key.
            jQuery("#huge_it_current_image_key_videogallery_1").val(key);
             // if (current_key == '-2') { /* Dots.*/
				current_key = jQuery(".huge_it_slideshow_dots_active_videogallery_1").attr("data-image_key");
			//  }
          }

          if (huge_it_trans_in_progress_videogallery_1) {
			//errorlogjQuery(".huge_it_slideshow_image_wrap_videogallery_1").after(" --IN TRANSACTION-- <br />");
            event_stack_videogallery_1.push(current_key + '-' + key);
            return;
          }
		  
          var direction = 'right';
          if (huge_it_current_key_videogallery_1 > key) {
            var direction = 'left';
          }
          else if (huge_it_current_key_videogallery_1 == key) {
            return false;
          }

         
          // Set active thumbnail position.
      
          huge_it_current_key_videogallery_1 = key;
          //Change image id, title, description.
          jQuery("#huge_it_slideshow_image_videogallery_1").attr('data-image_id', data_videogallery_1[key]["id"]);
		  
		  
		  jQuery(".huge_it_slideshow_title_text_videogallery_1").html(data_videogallery_1[key]["alt"]);
          jQuery(".huge_it_slideshow_description_text_videogallery_1").html(data_videogallery_1[key]["description"]);
        
		  var current_image_class = "#image_id_videogallery_1_" + data_videogallery_1[current_key]["id"];
          var next_image_class = "#image_id_videogallery_1_" + data_videogallery_1[key]["id"];
          
		  
		if(jQuery(current_image_class).find('.huge_it_video_frame_videogallery_1').length>0) {
			var streffect='none';
			if(streffect=="cubeV" || streffect=="cubeH" || streffect=="none" || streffect=="fade"){
				huge_it_none_videogallery_1(current_image_class, next_image_class, direction);
			}else{	
				huge_it_fade_videogallery_1(current_image_class, next_image_class, direction);
			}	
		}else{	
				huge_it_none_videogallery_1(current_image_class, next_image_class, direction);
		}	
		  
		  
		jQuery('.huge_it_slideshow_title_text_videogallery_1').removeClass('none');
		if(jQuery('.huge_it_slideshow_title_text_videogallery_1').html()==""){jQuery('.huge_it_slideshow_title_text_videogallery_1').addClass('none');}

		jQuery('.huge_it_slideshow_description_text_videogallery_1').removeClass('none');
		if(jQuery('.huge_it_slideshow_description_text_videogallery_1').html()==""){jQuery('.huge_it_slideshow_description_text_videogallery_1').addClass('none');}
	  
		  
		  
		  jQuery(current_image_class).find('.huge_it_slideshow_title_text_videogallery_1').addClass('none');
		  jQuery(current_image_class).find('.huge_it_slideshow_description_text_videogallery_1').addClass('none');
		
		

		  
		  //errorlogjQuery(".huge_it_slideshow_image_wrap_videogallery_1").after("--cur-key="+current_key+" --cur-img-class="+current_image_class+" nxt-img-class="+next_image_class+"--");
			huge_it_move_dots_videogallery_1();
			stopYoutubeVideo(); 			window.clearInterval(huge_it_playInterval_videogallery_1);
			play_videogallery_1();
        }

      }
	  
      function huge_it_popup_resize_videogallery_1() {

		var staticsliderwidth=600;
		var sliderwidth=600;
		
		var bodyWidth=jQuery(window).width();
        var parentWidth = jQuery(".huge_it_slideshow_image_wrap_videogallery_1").parent().width();
		//if responsive js late responsive.js @  take body size and not parent div
		if(sliderwidth>parentWidth){sliderwidth=parentWidth;}
		if(sliderwidth>bodyWidth){sliderwidth=bodyWidth;}
		
		var str=(375/staticsliderwidth);
		
		jQuery(".huge_it_slideshow_image_wrap_videogallery_1").css({width: (sliderwidth)});
		jQuery(".huge_it_slideshow_image_wrap_videogallery_1").css({height: ((sliderwidth) * str)});
		jQuery(".huge_it_slideshow_image_container_videogallery_1").css({width: (sliderwidth)});
		jQuery(".huge_it_slideshow_image_container_videogallery_1").css({height: ((sliderwidth) * str)});
			
		if("top"=="middle"){var titlemargintopminus=jQuery(".huge_it_slideshow_title_text_videogallery_1").outerHeight()/2;}		
		if("right"=="center"){var titlemarginleftminus=jQuery(".huge_it_slideshow_title_text_videogallery_1").outerWidth()/2;}		
		jQuery(".huge_it_slideshow_title_text_videogallery_1").css({cssText: "margin-top:-" + titlemargintopminus + "px; margin-left:-"+titlemarginleftminus+"px;"});
		
		if("bottom"=="middle"){var descriptionmargintopminus=jQuery(".huge_it_slideshow_description_text_videogallery_1").outerHeight()/2;}	
		if("right"=="center"){var descriptionmarginleftminus=jQuery(".huge_it_slideshow_description_text_videogallery_1").outerWidth()/2;}
		jQuery(".huge_it_slideshow_description_text_videogallery_1").css({cssText: "margin-top:-" + descriptionmargintopminus + "px; margin-left:-"+descriptionmarginleftminus+"px;"});		
		
		
		if("crop"=="resize"){
			jQuery(".huge_it_slideshow_image_videogallery_1, .huge_it_slideshow_image_item1_videogallery_1 img, .huge_it_slideshow_image_container_videogallery_1 img").css({
				cssText: "width:" + sliderwidth + "px; height:" + ((sliderwidth) * str)	+"px;"
			});
		}else {
			jQuery(".huge_it_slideshow_image_videogallery_1,.huge_it_slideshow_image_item1_videogallery_1,.huge_it_slideshow_image_item2_videogallery_1").css({
			cssText: "max-width: " + sliderwidth + "px !important; max-height: " + (sliderwidth * str) + "px !important;"
		  });
		}
		
		jQuery('.huge_it_video_frame_videogallery_1').each(function (e) {
          jQuery(this).width(sliderwidth);
          jQuery(this).height(sliderwidth * str);
        });
      }
      
      jQuery(window).load(function () {
		jQuery(window).resize(function() {
			huge_it_popup_resize_videogallery_1();
		});
		
		huge_it_popup_resize_videogallery_1();
        /* Disable right click.*/
        jQuery('div[id^="huge_it_container"]').bind("contextmenu", function () {
          return false;
        });
        			
		/*HOVER SLIDESHOW*/
		jQuery("#huge_it_slideshow_image_container_videogallery_1, .huge_it_slideshow_image_container_videogallery_1, .huge_it_slideshow_dots_container_videogallery_1,#huge_it_slideshow_right_videogallery_1,#huge_it_slideshow_left_videogallery_1").hover(function(){
			//errorlogjQuery(".huge_it_slideshow_image_wrap_videogallery_1").after(" -- hover -- <br /> ");
			jQuery("#huge_it_slideshow_right_videogallery_1").css({'display':'inline'});
			jQuery("#huge_it_slideshow_left_videogallery_1").css({'display':'inline'});
		},function(){
			jQuery("#huge_it_slideshow_right_videogallery_1").css({'display':'none'});
			jQuery("#huge_it_slideshow_left_videogallery_1").css({'display':'none'});
		});
		var pausehover="on";
		if(pausehover=="on"){
			jQuery("#huge_it_slideshow_image_container_videogallery_1, .huge_it_slideshow_image_container_videogallery_1, .huge_it_slideshow_dots_container_videogallery_1,#huge_it_slideshow_right_videogallery_1,#huge_it_slideshow_left_videogallery_1").hover(function(){
				window.clearInterval(huge_it_playInterval_videogallery_1);
			},function(){
				window.clearInterval(huge_it_playInterval_videogallery_1);
				play_videogallery_1();
			});		
		}	
          play_videogallery_1();        
      });

      function play_videogallery_1() {	   
        /* Play.*/
		//errorlogjQuery(".huge_it_slideshow_image_wrap_videogallery_1").after(" -- paly  ---- ");
        huge_it_playInterval_videogallery_1 = setInterval(function () {
			//errorlogjQuery(".huge_it_slideshow_image_wrap_videogallery_1").after(" -- time left ---- ");
          var iterator = 1;
          huge_it_change_image_videogallery_1(parseInt(jQuery('#huge_it_current_image_key_videogallery_1').val()), (parseInt(jQuery('#huge_it_current_image_key_videogallery_1').val()) + iterator) % data_videogallery_1.length, data_videogallery_1,false,false);
        }, '5000');
      }
	  
      jQuery(window).focus(function() {
       /*event_stack_videogallery_1 = [];*/
        var i_videogallery_1 = 0;
        jQuery(".huge_it_slider_videogallery_1").children("div").each(function () {
          if (jQuery(this).css('opacity') == 1) {
            jQuery("#huge_it_current_image_key_videogallery_1").val(i_videogallery_1);
          }
          i_videogallery_1++;
        });
      });
      jQuery(window).blur(function() {
        event_stack_videogallery_1 = [];
        window.clearInterval(huge_it_playInterval_videogallery_1);
      });      
    </script>
	<style>
	#huge_it_slideshow_image_container_videogallery_1 {
		/*height:200px !important;*/
	}
	 .huge_it_slideshow_image_wrap_videogallery_1 {
		height:375px;
		/*height:200px !important;*/
		width:600px;
		position:relative;
		display: block;
		text-align: center;
		/*HEIGHT FROM HEADER.PHP*/
		clear:both;
				float:none; margin:0px auto;		
		border-style:solid;
		border-left:0px !important;
		border-right:0px !important;
	}


	.huge_it_slideshow_image_wrap_videogallery_1 * {
		box-sizing: border-box;
		-moz-box-sizing: border-box;
		-webkit-box-sizing: border-box;
	}
		 

	  .huge_it_slideshow_image_videogallery_1 {
			/*width:100%;*/
	  }

	  #huge_it_slideshow_left_videogallery_1,
	  #huge_it_slideshow_right_videogallery_1 {
		cursor: pointer;
		display:none;
		display: block;
		
		height: 100%;
		outline: medium none;
		position: absolute;

		/*z-index: 10130;*/
		z-index: 13;
		bottom:25px;
		top:50%;		
	  }
	 

	  #huge_it_slideshow_left-ico_videogallery_1,
	  #huge_it_slideshow_right-ico_videogallery_1 {
		z-index: 13;
		-moz-box-sizing: content-box;
		box-sizing: content-box;
		cursor: pointer;
		display: table;
		left: -9999px;
		line-height: 0;
		margin-top: -15px;
		position: absolute;
		top: 50%;
		/*z-index: 10135;*/
	  }
	  #huge_it_slideshow_left-ico_videogallery_1:hover,
	  #huge_it_slideshow_right-ico_videogallery_1:hover {
		cursor: pointer;
	  }
	  
	  .huge_it_slideshow_image_container_videogallery_1 {
		display: table;
		position: relative;
		top:0px;
		left:0px;
		text-align: center;
		vertical-align: middle;
		width:100%;
	  }	  
		
	  .huge_it_slideshow_title_text_videogallery_1 {
		text-decoration: none;
		position: absolute;
		z-index: 11;
		display: inline-block;
				
		width:30%;
		/*height:50%;*/
		
		right:0%;top:0%;		padding:2%;
		text-align:right;  
		font-weight:bold;
		color:#000000;
			
		background:rgba(255,255,255,0.7)  !important;
		border-style:solid;
		font-size:13px;
		border-width:0px;
		border-color:#ffffff;
		border-radius:4px;
	  }
	  	  
	  .huge_it_slideshow_description_text_videogallery_1 {
		text-decoration: none;
		position: absolute;
		z-index: 11;
		border-style:solid;
		display: inline-block;
				
		width:70%;
		/*height:%;*/
		right:0%;bottom:0%;		padding:3%;
		text-align:justify;  
		color:#ffffff;
		
		background:rgba(0,0,0,0.7) !important;
		border-style:solid;
		font-size:12px;
		border-width:0px;
		border-color:#ffffff;
		border-radius:0px;
	  }
	  
	   .huge_it_slideshow_title_text_videogallery_1.none, .huge_it_slideshow_description_text_videogallery_1.none,
	   .huge_it_slideshow_title_text_videogallery_1.hidden, .huge_it_slideshow_description_text_videogallery_1.hidden	   {display:none;}
	      
	   .huge_it_slideshow_title_text_videogallery_1 h1, .huge_it_slideshow_description_text_videogallery_1 h1,
	   .huge_it_slideshow_title_text_videogallery_1 h2, .huge_it_slideshow_title_text_videogallery_1 h2,
	   .huge_it_slideshow_title_text_videogallery_1 h3, .huge_it_slideshow_title_text_videogallery_1 h3,
	   .huge_it_slideshow_title_text_videogallery_1 h4, .huge_it_slideshow_title_text_videogallery_1 h4,
	   .huge_it_slideshow_title_text_videogallery_1 p, .huge_it_slideshow_title_text_videogallery_1 p,
	   .huge_it_slideshow_title_text_videogallery_1 strong,  .huge_it_slideshow_title_text_videogallery_1 strong,
	   .huge_it_slideshow_title_text_videogallery_1 span, .huge_it_slideshow_title_text_videogallery_1 span,
	   .huge_it_slideshow_title_text_videogallery_1 ul, .huge_it_slideshow_title_text_videogallery_1 ul,
	   .huge_it_slideshow_title_text_videogallery_1 li, .huge_it_slideshow_title_text_videogallery_1 li {
			padding:2px;
			margin:0px;
	   }

	  .huge_it_slide_container_videogallery_1 {
		display: table-cell;
		margin: 0 auto;
		position: relative;
		vertical-align: middle;
		width:100%;
		height:100%;
		_width: inherit;
		_height: inherit;
	  }
	  .huge_it_slide_bg_videogallery_1 {
		margin: 0 auto;
		width:100%;
		height:100%;
		_width: inherit;
		_height: inherit;
	  }
	  .huge_it_slider_videogallery_1 {
		width:100%;
		height:100%;
		display:table;
		padding:0px;
		margin:0px;
		
	  }
	  .huge_it_slideshow_image_item_videogallery_1 {
		width:100%;
		height:100%;
		width: inherit;
		height: inherit;
		display: table-cell;
		filter: Alpha(opacity=100);
		opacity: 1;
		position: absolute;
		top:0px;
		left:0px;
		vertical-align: middle;
		z-index: 2;
		margin:0px !important;
		padding:0px;
		overflow:hidden;
		border-radius: 0px !important;
	  }
	  .huge_it_slideshow_image_second_item_videogallery_1 {
		width:100%;
		height:100%;
		_width: inherit;
		_height: inherit;
		display: table-cell;
		filter: Alpha(opacity=0);
		opacity: 0;
		position: absolute;
		top:0px;
		left:0px;
		vertical-align: middle;
		z-index: 1;
		overflow:hidden;
		margin:0px !important;
		padding:0px;
		border-radius: 0px !important;
	  }
	  .huge_it_grid_videogallery_1 {
		display: none;
		height: 100%;
		overflow: hidden;
		position: absolute;
		width: 100%;
	  }
	  .huge_it_gridlet_videogallery_1 {
		opacity: 1;
		filter: Alpha(opacity=100);
		position: absolute;
	  }
	  
					
	  .huge_it_slideshow_dots_container_videogallery_1 {
		display: table;
		position: absolute;
		width:100% !important;
		height:100% !important;
	  }
	  .huge_it_slideshow_dots_thumbnails_videogallery_1 {
		margin: 0 auto;
		overflow: hidden;
		position: absolute;
		width:100%;
		height:30px;
	  }
	  
	  .huge_it_slideshow_dots_videogallery_1 {
		display: inline-block;
		position: relative;
		cursor: pointer;
		box-shadow: 1px 1px 1px rgba(0,0,0,0.1) inset, 1px 1px 1px rgba(255,255,255,0.1);
		width:10px;
		height: 10px;
		border-radius: 10px;
		background: #00f;
		margin: 10px;
		overflow: hidden;
		z-index: 17;
	  }
	  
	  .huge_it_slideshow_dots_active_videogallery_1 {
		opacity: 1;
		background:#0f0;
		filter: Alpha(opacity=100);
	  }
	  .huge_it_slideshow_dots_deactive_videogallery_1 {
	  
	  }
	  
	  .huge_it_slideshow_image_item1_videogallery_1 {
		 display: table; 
		 width: inherit; 
		 height: inherit;
	  }
	  .huge_it_slideshow_image_item2_videogallery_1 {
		 display: table-cell; 
		 vertical-align: middle; 
		 text-align: center;
	  }
	  
	  .huge_it_slideshow_image_item2_videogallery_1 a {
		display:block;
		vertical-align:middle;
		width:100%;
		height:100%;
	  }
		.slide_thumb{
			position: absolute;
		}
		
		.huge_it_slideshow_image_wrap_videogallery_1 {
			background:#ffffff;
			border-width:0px;
			border-color:#ffffff;
			border-radius:0px;
		}
		
		.huge_it_slideshow_dots_thumbnails_videogallery_1 {
						display:none;
			
			}else{
			top:0px; 		}
		
		.huge_it_slideshow_dots_videogallery_1 {
			background:#000000;
		}
		
		.huge_it_slideshow_dots_active_videogallery_1 {
			background:#ffffff;
		}
		.youtube-icon {background:url(https://www.flightjournal.com/wp-content/plugins/gallery-video/Front_end/../images/play.youtube.png) center center no-repeat;}
	.vimeo-icon {background:url(https://www.flightjournal.com/wp-content/plugins/gallery-video/Front_end/../images/play.vimeo.png) center center no-repeat;}
	.playbutton{
		width: 100%;
		height: 100%;
		position: absolute;
	}
		
							#huge_it_slideshow_left_videogallery_1 {	
						left:0px;
						margin-top:-21px;
						height:43px;
						width:29px;
						background:url(https://www.flightjournal.com/wp-content/plugins/gallery-video/Front_images/arrows/arrows.simple.png) left  top no-repeat; 
					}
					
					#huge_it_slideshow_right_videogallery_1 {
						right:0px;
						margin-top:-21px;
						height:43px;
						width:29px;
						background:url(https://www.flightjournal.com/wp-content/plugins/gallery-video/Front_images/arrows/arrows.simple.png) right top no-repeat; 
					}
				.thumb_image{
		  position: absolute;
		  width: 100%;
		  height: 100%;
		  top: 0;
		  left:0;
	}
	.entry-content a{
		border-bottom: none !important;
	}
	</style>

	<div class="huge_it_slideshow_image_wrap_videogallery_1">

      		<!-- ##########################DOTS######################### -->
        <div class="huge_it_slideshow_dots_container_videogallery_1">
			  <div class="huge_it_slideshow_dots_thumbnails_videogallery_1">
										<div id="huge_it_dots_0_videogallery_1" class="huge_it_slideshow_dots_videogallery_1 huge_it_slideshow_dots_active_videogallery_1" onclick="huge_it_change_image_videogallery_1(parseInt(jQuery('#huge_it_current_image_key_videogallery_1').val()), '0', data_videogallery_1,false,true);return false;" data-image_id="23" data-image_key="0"></div>
											<div id="huge_it_dots_1_videogallery_1" class="huge_it_slideshow_dots_videogallery_1 huge_it_slideshow_dots_deactive_videogallery_1" onclick="huge_it_change_image_videogallery_1(parseInt(jQuery('#huge_it_current_image_key_videogallery_1').val()), '1', data_videogallery_1,false,true);return false;" data-image_id="22" data-image_key="1"></div>
											<div id="huge_it_dots_2_videogallery_1" class="huge_it_slideshow_dots_videogallery_1 huge_it_slideshow_dots_deactive_videogallery_1" onclick="huge_it_change_image_videogallery_1(parseInt(jQuery('#huge_it_current_image_key_videogallery_1').val()), '2', data_videogallery_1,false,true);return false;" data-image_id="20" data-image_key="2"></div>
											<div id="huge_it_dots_3_videogallery_1" class="huge_it_slideshow_dots_videogallery_1 huge_it_slideshow_dots_deactive_videogallery_1" onclick="huge_it_change_image_videogallery_1(parseInt(jQuery('#huge_it_current_image_key_videogallery_1').val()), '3', data_videogallery_1,false,true);return false;" data-image_id="19" data-image_key="3"></div>
								  </div>
			
							<a id="huge_it_slideshow_left_videogallery_1" href="#" onclick="huge_it_change_image_videogallery_1(parseInt(jQuery('#huge_it_current_image_key_videogallery_1').val()), (parseInt(jQuery('#huge_it_current_image_key_videogallery_1').val()) - iterator_videogallery_1()) >= 0 ? (parseInt(jQuery('#huge_it_current_image_key_videogallery_1').val()) - iterator_videogallery_1()) % data_videogallery_1.length : data_videogallery_1.length - 1, data_videogallery_1,false,true);return false;">
					<div id="huge_it_slideshow_left-ico_videogallery_1">
					<div><i class="huge_it_slideshow_prev_btn_videogallery_1 fa"></i></div></div>
				</a>
				
				<a id="huge_it_slideshow_right_videogallery_1" href="#" onclick="huge_it_change_image_videogallery_1(parseInt(jQuery('#huge_it_current_image_key_videogallery_1').val()), (parseInt(jQuery('#huge_it_current_image_key_videogallery_1').val()) + iterator_videogallery_1()) % data_videogallery_1.length, data_videogallery_1,false,true);return false;">
					<div id="huge_it_slideshow_right-ico_1">
					<div><i class="huge_it_slideshow_next_btn_videogallery_1 fa"></i></div></div>
				</a>
					</div>
	  <!-- ##########################IMAGES######################### -->
	  <script>

	jQuery(document).ready(function($) {

  $('.thumb_wrapper').on('click', function(ev) {
  	var hugeid=$(this).data('rowid');
  	var myid=hugeid;
  	myid=parseInt(myid);
  	eval('player_'+myid+'.playVideo()')
   ev.preventDefault();
 
  });
	jQuery('#huge_it_slideshow_left_videogallery_1, #huge_it_slideshow_right_videogallery_1').click(function(e){
		e.preventDefault();
	});
});
//console.log($(".video_view9_img"));
</script>
      <div id="huge_it_slideshow_image_container_videogallery_1" class="video-wrapper huge_it_slideshow_image_container_videogallery_1">        
        <div class="huge_it_slide_container_videogallery_1">
          <div class="huge_it_slide_bg_videogallery_1">
            <ul class="huge_it_slider_videogallery_1">
									<li  class="huge_it_slideshow_image_item_videogallery_1" id="image_id_videogallery_1_0">      
																							<div class="thumb_wrapper" data-rowid="23" onclick="thevid=document.getElementById('thevideo'); thevid.style.display='block'; this.style.display='none'">
									
									
									
									<img  class="thumb_image" src="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/HJLfXI6QC0U/hqdefault.jpg">
									<div class="playbutton youtube-icon"></div>
								</div>
																		<a class="video-title-link" href="flightjournal.com">
											<span class="video-title">Stallion 51 and Kissimmee Airport</span>
										</a>
									<a href="https://youtu.be/HJLfXI6QC0U" class="wplightbox"></a>
													</li>
											<li  class="huge_it_slideshow_image_second_item_videogallery_1" id="image_id_videogallery_1_1">      
																							<div class="thumb_wrapper" data-rowid="22" onclick="thevid=document.getElementById('thevideo'); thevid.style.display='block'; this.style.display='none'">
									
									
									
									<img  class="thumb_image" src="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/Fpx7MqQ1BdY/hqdefault.jpg">
									<div class="playbutton youtube-icon"></div>
								</div>
																		<a class="video-title-link" href="http://www.flightjournal.com">
											<span class="video-title">Kissimmee Gateway Airport - Stallion 51‬</span>
										</a>
									<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Fpx7MqQ1BdY&feature=youtu.be" class="wplightbox"></a>
													</li>
											<li  class="huge_it_slideshow_image_second_item_videogallery_1" id="image_id_videogallery_1_2">      
																							<div class="thumb_wrapper youtube-player" data-id="pHAwD3OjzkU"></div>
																		<a class="video-title-link" href="http://www.flightjournal.com">
											<span class="video-title">Spitfire: The Plane that Saved the World</span>
										</a>
									<a href="https://youtu.be/pHAwD3OjzkU" class="wplightbox"></a>
													</li>
											<li  class="huge_it_slideshow_image_second_item_videogallery_1" id="image_id_videogallery_1_3">      
																							<div class="thumb_wrapper youtube-player" data-id="LoN9uXzpAz0"></div>
																		<a class="video-title-link" href="http://www.flightjournal.com">
											<span class="video-title">17 Most Bizarre Aircrafts </span>
										</a>
									<a href="https://youtu.be/LoN9uXzpAz0" class="wplightbox"></a>
													</li>
					            </ul>
			<input type="hidden" id="huge_it_current_image_key_videogallery_1" value="0" />
          </div>
        </div>
      </div>
	</div>
	<style type="text/css">
	#html5-watermark {
		display: none !important;
	}
	.video-title-link {
		z-index: 7;
	}
	.wplightbox {
		height: 100%;
		left: 0;
		top: 0;
		position: absolute;
		width: 100% !important;
		z-index: 5;
	}
	</style>
		
			
      </div>
		</div><div id="text-115" class="widget-even widget-2 widget-sidebar frontier-widget widget_text">			<div class="textwidget"><p><a href="https://simplecirc.com/subscribe/flight-journal/I3LM06"><img decoding="async" src="https://www.flightjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/FLJ_300-X-250.jpg" alt="Aviation History | History of Flight | Aviation History Articles, Warbirds, Bombers, Trainers, Pilots" /></a></p>
</div>
		</div><div id="category-posts-2" class="widget-odd widget-3 show-title widget-sidebar frontier-widget cat-post-widget"><h4 class="widget-title">Don&#8217;t Miss</h4><ul id="category-posts-2-internal" class="category-posts-internal">
<li class='cat-post-item'><div><a class="cat-post-thumbnail cat-post-none" href="https://www.flightjournal.com/p-38-lightning-a-country-boy-way-out-of-his-element/" title="P-38 Lightning: A country boy way out of his element"><span class="cat-post-crop cat-post-format cat-post-format-standard"><img width="134" height="75" src="https://www.flightjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2007/01/P38.jpg" class="attachment- size- wp-post-image" alt="Aviation History | History of Flight | Aviation History Articles, Warbirds, Bombers, Trainers, Pilots | P-38 Lightning: A country boy way out of his element" data-cat-posts-width="134" data-cat-posts-height="75" decoding="async" loading="lazy" srcset="https://www.flightjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2007/01/P38.jpg 988w, https://www.flightjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2007/01/P38-300x146.jpg 300w, https://www.flightjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2007/01/P38-768x375.jpg 768w, https://www.flightjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2007/01/P38-500x244.jpg 500w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 134px) 100vw, 134px" /></span></a>
<a class="cat-post-title" href="https://www.flightjournal.com/p-38-lightning-a-country-boy-way-out-of-his-element/" rel="bookmark">P-38 Lightning: A country boy way out of his element</a></div></li><li class='cat-post-item'><div><a class="cat-post-thumbnail cat-post-none" href="https://www.flightjournal.com/arsenal-democracy-flyover/" title="Arsenal of Democracy Flyover"><span class="cat-post-crop cat-post-format cat-post-format-standard"><img width="134" height="75" src="https://www.flightjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/Capture.jpg" class="attachment- size- wp-post-image" alt="Aviation History | History of Flight | Aviation History Articles, Warbirds, Bombers, Trainers, Pilots | Arsenal of Democracy Flyover" data-cat-posts-width="134" data-cat-posts-height="75" decoding="async" loading="lazy" srcset="https://www.flightjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/Capture.jpg 850w, https://www.flightjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/Capture-300x166.jpg 300w, https://www.flightjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/Capture-768x424.jpg 768w, https://www.flightjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/Capture-500x276.jpg 500w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 134px) 100vw, 134px" /></span></a>
<a class="cat-post-title" href="https://www.flightjournal.com/arsenal-democracy-flyover/" rel="bookmark">Arsenal of Democracy Flyover</a></div></li><li class='cat-post-item'><div><a class="cat-post-thumbnail cat-post-none" href="https://www.flightjournal.com/mission-into-darkness/" title="Mission into Darkness"><span class="cat-post-crop cat-post-format cat-post-format-standard"><img width="134" height="75" src="https://www.flightjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/mission.jpg" class="attachment- size- wp-post-image" alt="Aviation History | History of Flight | Aviation History Articles, Warbirds, Bombers, Trainers, Pilots | Mission into Darkness" data-cat-posts-width="134" data-cat-posts-height="75" decoding="async" loading="lazy" srcset="https://www.flightjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/mission.jpg 614w, https://www.flightjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/mission-300x184.jpg 300w, https://www.flightjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/mission-500x306.jpg 500w, https://www.flightjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/mission-310x190.jpg 310w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 134px) 100vw, 134px" /></span></a>
<a class="cat-post-title" href="https://www.flightjournal.com/mission-into-darkness/" rel="bookmark">Mission into Darkness</a></div></li><li class='cat-post-item'><div><a class="cat-post-thumbnail cat-post-none" href="https://www.flightjournal.com/riders-storm-attack-navys-little-known-seawolves/" title="HA(L)-3 Seawolves  &#8211; Attack of the Navy’s Little-Known Helicopter Squadron"><span class="cat-post-crop cat-post-format cat-post-format-standard"><img width="134" height="75" src="https://www.flightjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/seahawkimage.jpg" class="attachment- size- wp-post-image" alt="Aviation History | History of Flight | Aviation History Articles, Warbirds, Bombers, Trainers, Pilots | HA(L)-3 Seawolves  &#8211; Attack of the Navy’s Little-Known Helicopter Squadron" data-cat-posts-width="134" data-cat-posts-height="75" decoding="async" loading="lazy" srcset="https://www.flightjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/seahawkimage.jpg 614w, https://www.flightjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/seahawkimage-300x184.jpg 300w, https://www.flightjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/seahawkimage-500x306.jpg 500w, https://www.flightjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/seahawkimage-310x190.jpg 310w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 134px) 100vw, 134px" /></span></a>
<a class="cat-post-title" href="https://www.flightjournal.com/riders-storm-attack-navys-little-known-seawolves/" rel="bookmark">HA(L)-3 Seawolves  &#8211; Attack of the Navy’s Little-Known Helicopter Squadron</a></div></li><li class='cat-post-item'><div><a class="cat-post-thumbnail cat-post-none" href="https://www.flightjournal.com/drones-technology-changes-face-combat/" title="Drones: Technology Changes the Face of Combat"><span class="cat-post-crop cat-post-format cat-post-format-standard"><img width="134" height="75" src="https://www.flightjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/DRONE.jpg" class="attachment- size- wp-post-image" alt="Aviation History | History of Flight | Aviation History Articles, Warbirds, Bombers, Trainers, Pilots | Drones: Technology Changes the Face of Combat" data-cat-posts-width="134" data-cat-posts-height="75" decoding="async" loading="lazy" srcset="https://www.flightjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/DRONE.jpg 614w, https://www.flightjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/DRONE-300x184.jpg 300w, https://www.flightjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/DRONE-500x306.jpg 500w, https://www.flightjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/DRONE-310x190.jpg 310w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 134px) 100vw, 134px" /></span></a>
<a class="cat-post-title" href="https://www.flightjournal.com/drones-technology-changes-face-combat/" rel="bookmark">Drones: Technology Changes the Face of Combat</a></div></li></ul>
</div><div id="text-107" class="widget-even widget-4 profile-form-widget widget-sidebar frontier-widget widget_text"><h4 class="widget-title">Profile Form</h4>			<div class="textwidget"><p><a class="user-profile-form wplightbox" href="#visitor_pref_pop" data-width="1000" data-height="580" data-fancybox="">Profile Data</a></p>
<div class="fancybox-hidden" style="display: none;">
<div id="visitor_pref_pop">
<div><center><img decoding="async" style="margin-top: 20px;" src="//www.flightjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/fj-1.png" alt="Aviation History | History of Flight | Aviation History Articles, Warbirds, Bombers, Trainers, Pilots" /></center><div class="frm_forms  with_frm_style frm_style_formidable-style" id="frm_form_2_container" >
<form enctype="multipart/form-data" method="post" class="frm-show-form  frm_js_validate  frm_ajax_submit  frm_pro_form " id="form_profileform" >
<div class="frm_form_fields ">
<fieldset>
<legend class="frm_screen_reader">Profile Form</legend>

<div class="frm_fields_container">
<input type="hidden" name="frm_action" value="create" />
<input type="hidden" name="form_id" value="2" />
<input type="hidden" name="frm_hide_fields_2" id="frm_hide_fields_2" value="" />
<input type="hidden" name="form_key" value="profileform" />
<input type="hidden" name="item_meta[0]" value="" />
<input type="hidden" id="frm_submit_entry_2" name="frm_submit_entry_2" value="faee587bf5" /><input type="hidden" name="_wp_http_referer" value="/" /><div id="frm_field_6_container" class="frm_form_field form-field  frm_required_field frm_top_container horizontal_radio">
    <div  id="field_interestlevel_label" class="frm_primary_label">Interest Level (check one)
        <span class="frm_required">*</span>
    </div>
    <div class="frm_opt_container" aria-labelledby="field_interestlevel_label" role="radiogroup" aria-required="true">		<div class="frm_radio" id="frm_radio_6-0">			<label  for="field_interestlevel-0">
					<input type="radio" name="item_meta[6]" id="field_interestlevel-0" value="Browsing"
		   data-reqmsg="Interest Level (check one) cannot be blank." data-invmsg="Interest Level (check one) is invalid" aria-invalid="false"  /> Browsing</label></div>
		<div class="frm_radio" id="frm_radio_6-1">			<label  for="field_interestlevel-1">
					<input type="radio" name="item_meta[6]" id="field_interestlevel-1" value="Interested"
		   data-reqmsg="Interest Level (check one) cannot be blank." data-invmsg="Interest Level (check one) is invalid" aria-invalid="false"  /> Interested</label></div>
		<div class="frm_radio" id="frm_radio_6-2">			<label  for="field_interestlevel-2">
					<input type="radio" name="item_meta[6]" id="field_interestlevel-2" value="Passionate"
		   data-reqmsg="Interest Level (check one) cannot be blank." data-invmsg="Interest Level (check one) is invalid" aria-invalid="false"  /> Passionate</label></div>
		<div class="frm_radio" id="frm_radio_6-3">			<label  for="field_interestlevel-3">
					<input type="radio" name="item_meta[6]" id="field_interestlevel-3" value="Historian"
		   data-reqmsg="Interest Level (check one) cannot be blank." data-invmsg="Interest Level (check one) is invalid" aria-invalid="false"  /> Historian</label></div>
</div>
    
    
</div>
<div id="frm_field_7_container" class="frm_form_field form-field  frm_required_field frm_top_container horizontal_radio">
    <div  id="field_hynh_label" class="frm_primary_label">Plane Type (check any)
        <span class="frm_required">*</span>
    </div>
    <div class="frm_opt_container" aria-labelledby="field_hynh_label" role="group">		<div class="frm_checkbox" id="frm_checkbox_7-0">			<label  for="field_hynh-0">
			<input type="checkbox" name="item_meta[7][]" id="field_hynh-0" value="PT_All"  data-reqmsg="Plane Type (check any) cannot be blank." data-invmsg="Plane Type (check any) is invalid" aria-invalid="false"   aria-required="true"  /> All</label></div>
		<div class="frm_checkbox" id="frm_checkbox_7-1">			<label  for="field_hynh-1">
			<input type="checkbox" name="item_meta[7][]" id="field_hynh-1" value="PT_Civilian"  data-reqmsg="Plane Type (check any) cannot be blank." data-invmsg="Plane Type (check any) is invalid" aria-invalid="false"   /> Civilian</label></div>
		<div class="frm_checkbox" id="frm_checkbox_7-2">			<label  for="field_hynh-2">
			<input type="checkbox" name="item_meta[7][]" id="field_hynh-2" value="PT_Military"  data-reqmsg="Plane Type (check any) cannot be blank." data-invmsg="Plane Type (check any) is invalid" aria-invalid="false"   /> Military</label></div>
		<div class="frm_checkbox" id="frm_checkbox_7-3">			<label  for="field_hynh-3">
			<input type="checkbox" name="item_meta[7][]" id="field_hynh-3" value="PT_Prop_Planes"  data-reqmsg="Plane Type (check any) cannot be blank." data-invmsg="Plane Type (check any) is invalid" aria-invalid="false"   /> Prop Planes</label></div>
		<div class="frm_checkbox" id="frm_checkbox_7-4">			<label  for="field_hynh-4">
			<input type="checkbox" name="item_meta[7][]" id="field_hynh-4" value="PT_Jets"  data-reqmsg="Plane Type (check any) cannot be blank." data-invmsg="Plane Type (check any) is invalid" aria-invalid="false"   /> Jets</label></div>
		<div class="frm_checkbox" id="frm_checkbox_7-5">			<label  for="field_hynh-5">
			<input type="checkbox" name="item_meta[7][]" id="field_hynh-5" value="PT_5"  data-reqmsg="Plane Type (check any) cannot be blank." data-invmsg="Plane Type (check any) is invalid" aria-invalid="false"   /> 1/5</label></div>
</div>
    
    
</div>
<div id="frm_field_8_container" class="frm_form_field form-field  frm_required_field frm_top_container horizontal_radio">
    <div  id="field_i6cxr_label" class="frm_primary_label">Classification (check any)
        <span class="frm_required">*</span>
    </div>
    <div class="frm_opt_container" aria-labelledby="field_i6cxr_label" role="group">		<div class="frm_checkbox" id="frm_checkbox_8-0">			<label  for="field_i6cxr-0">
			<input type="checkbox" name="item_meta[8][]" id="field_i6cxr-0" value="Class_WW1"  data-reqmsg="Classification (check any) cannot be blank." data-invmsg="Classification (check any) is invalid" aria-invalid="false"   aria-required="true"  /> WW I</label></div>
		<div class="frm_checkbox" id="frm_checkbox_8-1">			<label  for="field_i6cxr-1">
			<input type="checkbox" name="item_meta[8][]" id="field_i6cxr-1" value="Class_WW2"  data-reqmsg="Classification (check any) cannot be blank." data-invmsg="Classification (check any) is invalid" aria-invalid="false"   /> WW II</label></div>
		<div class="frm_checkbox" id="frm_checkbox_8-2">			<label  for="field_i6cxr-2">
			<input type="checkbox" name="item_meta[8][]" id="field_i6cxr-2" value="Class_Korea"  data-reqmsg="Classification (check any) cannot be blank." data-invmsg="Classification (check any) is invalid" aria-invalid="false"   /> Korea</label></div>
		<div class="frm_checkbox" id="frm_checkbox_8-3">			<label  for="field_i6cxr-3">
			<input type="checkbox" name="item_meta[8][]" id="field_i6cxr-3" value="Class_Vietnam"  data-reqmsg="Classification (check any) cannot be blank." data-invmsg="Classification (check any) is invalid" aria-invalid="false"   /> Vietnam</label></div>
		<div class="frm_checkbox" id="frm_checkbox_8-4">			<label  for="field_i6cxr-4">
			<input type="checkbox" name="item_meta[8][]" id="field_i6cxr-4" value="Class_Gulf_War"  data-reqmsg="Classification (check any) cannot be blank." data-invmsg="Classification (check any) is invalid" aria-invalid="false"   /> Gulf War</label></div>
		<div class="frm_checkbox" id="frm_checkbox_8-5">			<label  for="field_i6cxr-5">
			<input type="checkbox" name="item_meta[8][]" id="field_i6cxr-5" value="Class_Present"  data-reqmsg="Classification (check any) cannot be blank." data-invmsg="Classification (check any) is invalid" aria-invalid="false"   /> Present</label></div>
</div>
    
    
</div>
<div id="frm_field_9_container" class="frm_form_field form-field  frm_required_field frm_top_container frm_half frm_first">
    <label for="field_email" id="field_email_label" class="frm_primary_label">Your Email (confidential)
        <span class="frm_required">*</span>
    </label>
    <input type="email" id="field_email" name="item_meta[9]" value=""  data-reqmsg="Your Email (confidential) cannot be blank." aria-required="true" data-invmsg="Email is invalid" aria-invalid="false"  />
    
    
</div>
<div id="frm_field_10_container" class="frm_form_field form-field  frm_required_field frm_top_container frm_half frm_first">
    <label for="field_firstname" id="field_firstname_label" class="frm_primary_label">Your Name
        <span class="frm_required">*</span>
    </label>
    <input type="text" id="field_firstname" name="item_meta[10]" value=""  placeholder="First Name" data-reqmsg="Your Name cannot be blank." aria-required="true" data-invmsg="Text is invalid" aria-invalid="false"  />
    
    
</div>
<div id="frm_field_11_container" class="frm_form_field form-field  frm_required_field frm_top_container frm_half frm_alignright">
    <label for="field_lastname" id="field_lastname_label" class="frm_primary_label">Last Name
        <span class="frm_required">*</span>
    </label>
    <input type="text" id="field_lastname" name="item_meta[11]" value=""  placeholder="Last Name" data-reqmsg="Last Name cannot be blank." aria-required="true" data-invmsg="Text is invalid" aria-invalid="false"  />
    
    
</div>
<div id="frm_field_12_container" class="frm_form_field form-field  frm_top_container vertical_radio">
    <div  id="field_and11_label" class="frm_primary_label">
        <span class="frm_required"></span>
    </div>
    <div class="frm_opt_container" aria-labelledby="field_and11_label" role="group">		<div class="frm_checkbox" id="frm_checkbox_12-0">			<label  for="field_and11-0">
			<input type="checkbox" name="item_meta[12][]" id="field_and11-0" value="Subscribe_FLJ_News_Letter" checked="checked"  data-frmval="[&quot;Subscribe_FLJ_News_Letter&quot;]" data-invmsg="This field is invalid" aria-invalid="false"   /> I would like to subscribe to the Flight Journal Newsletter</label></div>
</div>
    
    
</div>
<input type="hidden" name="item_meta[13]" id="field_mc_journey_id" value="27"  data-frmval="27"   />
	<input type="hidden" name="item_key" value="" />
				<div class="frm__652648a22f062">
				<label for="frm_email_2" >
					If you are human, leave this field blank.				</label>
				<input  id="frm_email_2" type="text" class="frm_verify" name="frm__652648a22f062" value="" autocomplete="off"  />
			</div>
		<input name="frm_state" type="hidden" value="OcoVGaFSc1xpud/Bz6t9HOP3ZOMAHvDZc7FVCPI+HPA=" /><div class="frm_submit">

<button class="frm_button_submit frm_final_submit" type="submit"   formnovalidate="formnovalidate">Submit</button>

</div></div>
</fieldset>
</div>

<p style="display: none !important;" class="akismet-fields-container" data-prefix="ak_"><label>&#916;<textarea name="ak_hp_textarea" cols="45" rows="8" maxlength="100"></textarea></label><input type="hidden" id="ak_js_1" name="ak_js" value="234"/><script>document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() );</script></p></form>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<style>
#visitor_pref_pop form {padding: 20px;} #visitor_pref_pop > div {padding-left: 25px;}#visitor_pref_pop {width: 80%;padding: 20px;}#visitor_pref_pop input[type="submit"]:hover{cursor: pointer;}#visitor_pref_pop input[type="submit"] {background-image: url("//www.rccaraction.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/submit.png");height: 40px;width: 200px;margin-top: 10px;color: transparent;}#visitor_pref_pop form > p {margin-bottom: 10px;padding: 0 20px;}#visitor_pref_pop form > p > label {font-weight: bold;}</style>
</div>
		</div><div id="text-113" class="widget-odd widget-5 profile-form-widget widget-sidebar frontier-widget widget_text">			<div class="textwidget"><p><a class="show-outer-ad wplightbox" href="#outer-popup" data-width="500" data-height="550" data-fancybox="">Show ad</a></p>
<div class="fancybox-hidden" style="display: none;">
<div id="outer-popup"><center><a class="footer-subscribe-link" href="https://simplecirc.com/subscribe/flight-journal/I3KL01"><img decoding="async" style="width: 100%; margin-top: 20px;" src="https://www.flightjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/FLJ_500-X-500_V4.jpg" alt="Aviation History | History of Flight | Aviation History Articles, Warbirds, Bombers, Trainers, Pilots" /></a></center></div>
</div>
</div>
		</div><div id="text-121" class="widget-even widget-last widget-6 profile-form-widget widget-sidebar frontier-widget widget_text">			<div class="textwidget"><p><a class="show-outer-ad_offer wplightbox" href="#outer-popup-offer" data-width="500" data-height="550" data-fancybox="">Show offer</a></p>
<div class="fancybox-hidden" style="display: none;">
<div id="outer-popup-offer"><center><a class="footer-subscribe-link" href="https://simplecirc.com/subscribe/flight-journal/73CDWEB"><img decoding="async" style="width: 100%; margin-top: 20px;" src="https://www.flightjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/FLJ_500-X-500_Oct-2023-min.jpg" alt="" /></a></center></div>
</div>
</div>
		</div>					
	</div>
	</div></div>

	<div id="footer" class="cf">
		<div id="widgets-wrap-footer" class="widget-column-4 cf">
			<div id="nav_menu-2" class="widget-odd widget-first widget-1 widget-footer frontier-widget widget_nav_menu"><h4 class="widget-title">SUBSCRIBE</h4><div class="menu-subscribe-menu-container"><ul id="menu-subscribe-menu" class="menu"><li id="menu-item-218027" class="footer-split-a menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-218027"><a href="https://simplecirc.com/subscribe/flight-journal/I3KL01">Digital + Print Edition</a></li>
<li id="menu-item-218028" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-218028"><a href="https://simplecirc.com/subscribe/flight-journal/I3KL01">Digital Edition</a></li>
<li id="menu-item-219902" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-219902"><a href="https://simplecirc.com/give_a_gift/flight-journal/I3KL01">Gift Subscription</a></li>
<li id="menu-item-218325" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-218325"><a href="https://simplecirc.com/subscriber_login/flight-journal">Renew</a></li>
<li id="menu-item-218029" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-218029"><a href="https://simplecirc.com/subscriber_login/flight-journal">Customer Service Portal</a></li>
<li id="menu-item-218332" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-218332"><a href="https://www.flightjournal.com/help-contact-us/">Help – Contact Us</a></li>
</ul></div></div><div id="nav_menu-4" class="widget-even widget-2 widget-footer frontier-widget widget_nav_menu"><h4 class="widget-title">CAREERS</h4><div class="menu-careers-container"><ul id="menu-careers" class="menu"><li id="menu-item-224359" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-224359"><a href="https://www.flightjournal.com/contributors-guidelines/">Looking For Contributors</a></li>
<li id="menu-item-221671" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-221671"><a href="https://www.airage.com/careers/">Career Opportunities</a></li>
</ul></div></div><div id="nav_menu-5" class="widget-odd widget-3 widget-footer frontier-widget widget_nav_menu"><h4 class="widget-title">ADVERTISE WITH US</h4><div class="menu-advertise-with-us-container"><ul id="menu-advertise-with-us" class="menu"><li id="menu-item-221689" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-221689"><a href="https://www.airage.com/media-kit/">Media Kit</a></li>
</ul></div></div><div id="nav_menu-3" class="widget-even widget-last widget-4 widget-footer frontier-widget widget_nav_menu"><h4 class="widget-title">FOLLOW US</h4><div class="menu-follow-us-container"><ul id="menu-follow-us" class="menu"><li id="menu-item-218030" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-218030"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/FlightJournal" title="Facebook"><i class="fa fa-facebook"></i></a></li>
<li id="menu-item-218031" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-218031"><a href="https://twitter.com/Flightjournal" title="Twitter"><i class="fa fa-twitter"></i></a></li>
<li id="menu-item-218033" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-218033"><a href="https://www.instagram.com/flight_journal_magazine/" title="Instagram"><i class="fa fa-instagram"></i></a></li>
<li id="menu-item-218035" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-218035"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLdmkeF4RUaGpZKnK00hsSrOBuZtmZnYlR" title="Youtube"><i class="fa fa-youtube"></i></a></li>
<li id="menu-item-218036" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-218036"><a href="/?feed=rss" title="RSS Feed"><i class="fa fa-feed"></i></a></li>
<li id="menu-item-218037" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-218037"><a href="mailto:flight@airage.com" title="Email Us"><i class="fa fa-envelope"></i></a></li>
</ul></div></div>		</div>
	</div>

<div id="bottom-bar" class="cf">
		<nav id="nav-copyright">
		<ul id="menu-copyright-footer-menu" class="nav-copyright-footer"><li id="menu-item-218038" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-218038"><a href="https://www.flightjournal.com/about-us/">About</a></li>
<li id="menu-item-221960" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-221960"><a href="http://cloud.airageinc.com/flightjournal">Newsletter Sign Up</a></li>
<li id="menu-item-218331" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-218331"><a href="https://www.flightjournal.com/help-contact-us/">Help – Contact Us</a></li>
<li id="menu-item-218115" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-218115"><a href="https://www.flightjournal.com/contributors-guidelines/">Contributors&#8217; Guidelines</a></li>
<li id="menu-item-218041" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-218041"><a href="https://www.airage.com/media-kit">Media Kit</a></li>
<li id="menu-item-218042" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-218042"><a href="https://www.airage.com/privacy-policy/">Privacy Policy</a></li>
<li id="menu-item-218043" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-218043"><a href="https://www.airage.com/terms-of-use/">Terms of Use</a></li>
<li id="menu-item-219464" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-219464"><a href="https://www.flightjournal.com/licensing-and-permissions/">Licensing and Permission</a></li>
</ul>	</nav>

			<span id="bottom-bar-text"><strong>Air Age Media &copy; <span id="aamyear"></span></strong>  
<script>document.getElementById("aamyear").innerHTML = new Date().getFullYear();</script></span>
	
	
	</div>

</div>
<!-- Go to www.addthis.com/dashboard to customize your tools -->
<script type="text/javascript" src="//s7.addthis.com/js/300/addthis_widget.js#pubid=ra-57171b3ad2919f92"></script>

<style>/* LRM */
body.logged-in .lrm-hide-if-logged-in { display: none; }
body.logged-in [class*='lrm-hide-if-logged-in'] { display: none; }
body:not(.logged-in) .lrm-show-if-logged-in { display: none; }
body:not(.logged-in) [class*='lrm-show-if-logged-in'] { display: none; }
</style><!--
-->
<div class="lrm-user-modal" style="visibility: hidden;"> <!-- this is the entire modal form, including the background -->
    <div class="lrm-user-modal-container"> <!-- this is the container wrapper -->
        <ul class="lrm-switcher -is-login-only">
            <li><a href="#0" class="lrm-switch-to-link lrm-switch-to--login">
                    Flightjournal Membership Login                </a></li>

                    </ul>

                 <div id="lrm-login"> <!-- log in form -->
            <form class="lrm-form lrm-form-subscription" action="" data-action="login_subscriber">
                <div class="simplecirc_login_form hide">
                    <img src="/wp-content/plugins/ajax-login-and-registration-modal-popup/assets/img/label-graphic.jpg" style="max-width:100%;">
                    <!-- <p class="lrm-form-message lrm-form-message--init"></p> -->
                    <div class="fieldset_new">
                        <label>Use the account number and zip code found on your mailing label or renewal form.</label>
                     </div>
                    <p class="lrm-form-message lrm-form-message--init"></p>
                    <div class="fieldset">
                         <input  name="simplecirc_subscriber_id" class="full-width has-padding has-border" id="simplecirc_subscriber_id" type="text" placeholder="Acount Number" value="">
                          <span class="lrm-error-message"></span>
                          <span class="login_by_email cursor" style="display: block;margin-top: 10px;">Click here to login with email address</span>
                    </div>

                    <div class="fieldset">
                         <input  name="simplecirc_zip_code" class="full-width has-padding has-border" id="simplecirc_zip_code" type="text" placeholder="Zip Code" value="">
                          <span class="lrm-error-message"></span>
                    </div>

                     <div class="fieldset">
                        <input type="checkbox" id="remember-me" name="remember-me">
                        <label for="remember-me">Remember me</label>
                        <span class="aam_not_a_member">
                        <label for="remember-me-not-member" style="float: right;">
                            <a href="https://membership.flightjournal.com/checkout/?rid=PPrvvI" style="text-decoration: none" target="_self">Not a member? click here</a></label>
                        </span>
                    </div>

                    <input type="hidden" name="lrm_action" value="login">
                    <input type="hidden" name="wp-submit" value="1">
                     <input type="hidden" id="security-login" name="security-login" value="15522ca416" /><input type="hidden" name="_wp_http_referer" value="/" />                    <div class="fieldset"><button class="full-width has-padding simplecirc_subscriber_login" type="submit">Login</button></div>
                </div>
            </form>
            <form class="lrm-form lrm-form-default" action="#0" data-action="login">
                
                <div class="default_login_form show">
                    <div class="lrm-integrations lrm-integrations--login">
                                            </div>

                    <p class="lrm-form-message lrm-form-message--init"></p>

                    <div class="fieldset">
                        <label class="image-replace lrm-email" for="signin-email">Email or Account Number</label>
                        <input  name="username" class="full-width has-padding has-border" id="signin-email" type="text" placeholder="Email or Account Number" required value="">
                        <span class="lrm-error-message"></span>
                        <span class="login_by_subscription_id cursor" style="display: none;margin-top: 10px;">Click here to login with print subscription account number</span>
                    </div>

                    <div class="fieldset">
                        <label class="image-replace lrm-password" for="signin-password">Password or Zip Code</label>
                        <input name="password" class="full-width has-padding has-border" id="signin-password" type="password"  placeholder="Password or Zip Code" required value="">
                        <span class="lrm-error-message"></span>
                        <a href="#0" class="hide-password" data-show="Show" data-hide="Hide">Show</a>
                    </div>


                    <div class="fieldset">
                        <input type="checkbox" id="remember-me" name="remember-me">
                        <label for="remember-me">Remember me</label>
                        <span class="aam_not_a_member">
                        <label for="remember-me-not-member" style="float: right;">
                            <a href="https://membership.flightjournal.com/checkout/?rid=PPrvvI" style="text-decoration: none" target="_self">Not a member? click here</a></label>
                        </span>
                    </div>

                    <div class="lrm-integrations lrm-integrations--login">
                                                                    </div>

                    <div class="fieldset">
                        <button class="full-width has-padding" type="submit">
                            Login                        </button>
                    </div>
                </div>
                <div class="lrm-integrations lrm-integrations--login">
                                    </div>

                <input type="hidden" name="lrm_action" value="login">
                <input type="hidden" name="wp-submit" value="1">

                <input type="hidden" id="security-login" name="security-login" value="15522ca416" /><input type="hidden" name="_wp_http_referer" value="/" />
                <!-- For Invisible Recaptcha plugin -->
                <span class="wpcf7-submit" style="display: none;"></span>
            </form>

            <p class="lrm-form-bottom-message"><a href="#0">Forgot your password?</a></p>
            <!-- <a href="#0" class="lrm-close-form">Close</a> -->
        </div> <!-- lrm-login -->

                 
        <div id="lrm-reset-password"> <!-- reset password form -->
            <form class="lrm-form" action="#0" data-action="lost-password">

                <p class="lrm-form-message">Lost your password? Please enter your email address. You will receive mail with link to set new password.</p>

                <div class="fieldset">
                    <label class="image-replace lrm-email" for="reset-email">Email or Username</label>
                    <input class="full-width has-padding has-border" name="user_login" id="reset-email" type="text" required placeholder="Email or Username">
                    <span class="lrm-error-message"></span>
                </div>

                <div class="lrm-integrations lrm-integrations--reset-pass">
                                    </div>

                <input type="hidden" name="lrm_action" value="lostpassword">
                <input type="hidden" name="wp-submit" value="1">
                <input type="hidden" id="security-lostpassword" name="security-lostpassword" value="0493615948" /><input type="hidden" name="_wp_http_referer" value="/" />
                <div class="fieldset">
                    <button class="full-width has-padding" type="submit">
                        Reset password                    </button>
                </div>
                <!-- For Invisible Recaptcha plugin -->
                <span class="wpcf7-submit" style="display: none;"></span>

            </form>

            <p class="lrm-form-bottom-message"><a href="#0">Back to login</a></p>
        </div> <!-- lrm-reset-password -->
        <a href="#0" class="lrm-close-form">close</a>
    </div> <!-- lrm-user-modal-container -->
</div> <!-- lrm-user-modal --><div id="wonderpluginlightbox_options" data-skinsfoldername="skins/default/"  data-jsfolder="https://www.flightjournal.com/wp-content/plugins/wonderplugin-lightbox/engine/" data-autoslide="false" data-slideinterval="5000" data-showtimer="true" data-timerposition="bottom" data-timerheight="2" data-timercolor="#dc572e" data-timeropacity="1" data-showplaybutton="true" data-alwaysshownavarrows="false" data-bordersize="8" data-showtitleprefix="true" data-responsive="true" data-fullscreenmode="false" data-closeonoverlay="true" data-videohidecontrols="false" data-titlestyle="bottom" data-imagepercentage="95" data-enabletouchswipe="true" data-autoplay="true" data-html5player="true" data-overlaybgcolor="#000" data-overlayopacity="0.8" data-defaultvideovolume="1" data-bgcolor="#FFF" data-borderradius="0" data-thumbwidth="96" data-thumbheight="72" data-thumbtopmargin="12" data-thumbbottommargin="12" data-barheight="64" data-showtitle="true" data-titleprefix="%NUM / %TOTAL" data-titlebottomcss="color:#333; font-size:14px; font-family:Armata,sans-serif,Arial; overflow:hidden; text-align:left;" data-showdescription="true" data-descriptionbottomcss="color:#333; font-size:12px; font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; overflow:hidden; text-align:left; margin:4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px;" data-titleinsidecss="color:#fff; font-size:16px; font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; overflow:hidden; text-align:left;" data-descriptioninsidecss="color:#fff; font-size:12px; font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; overflow:hidden; text-align:left; margin:4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px;" data-videobgcolor="#000" data-html5videoposter="" data-responsivebarheight="false" data-smallscreenheight="415" data-barheightonsmallheight="48" data-notkeepratioonsmallheight="false" data-wonderplugin-lightbox-options="b1aa3f3621" data-_wp_http_referer="/wp-admin/admin.php?page=wonderplugin_lightbox_show_options" style="display:none;"></div><div class="wonderplugin-engine"><a href="http://www.wonderplugin.com/wordpress-lightbox/" title="WordPress Image Lightbox Plugin">WordPress Image Lightbox Plugin</a></div><input type="hidden" name="aam_page_id" class="aam_page_id" value="0"><div class="mobmenu-overlay"></div><div class="mob-menu-header-holder mobmenu"  data-menu-display="mob-menu-slideout-over" data-open-icon="down-open" data-close-icon="up-open"><div  class="mobmenul-container"><a href="#" class="mobmenu-left-bt mobmenu-trigger-action" data-panel-target="mobmenu-left-panel" aria-label="Left Menu Button"><i class="mob-icon-menu mob-menu-icon"></i><i class="mob-icon-cancel-1 mob-cancel-button"></i></a></div><div class="mob-menu-logo-holder"><a href="https://www.flightjournal.com" class="headertext"><img class="mob-standard-logo" height="0"  src="https://www.flightjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/FJ-logo.png"  alt="Flight Journal"><img class="mob-retina-logo" src=""  alt="Logo Header Menu"></a></div><div class="mobmenur-container"><a href="#" class="mobmenu-right-bt mobmenu-trigger-action" data-panel-target="mobmenu-right-panel" aria-label="Right Menu Button"><i class="mob-icon-menu mob-menu-icon"></i><i class="mob-icon-cancel-1 mob-cancel-button"></i></a></div></div>
		<div class="mobmenu-left-alignment mobmenu-panel mobmenu-left-panel  ">
		<a href="#" class="mobmenu-left-bt" aria-label="Left Menu Button"><i class="mob-icon-cancel-1 mob-cancel-button"></i></a>

		<div class="mobmenu-content">
		<div class="menu-main-nav-rcc-container"><ul id="mobmenuleft" class="wp-mobile-menu" role="menubar" aria-label="Main navigation for mobile devices"><li role="none"  class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-218055"><a href="https://www.flightjournal.com/category/main-categories/military/" role="menuitem" class="">Military</a></li><li role="none"  class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-218054"><a href="https://www.flightjournal.com/category/main-categories/civilian/" role="menuitem" class="">Civilian</a></li><li role="none"  class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-has-children menu-item-218057"><a href="https://www.flightjournal.com/category/main-categories/news-and-stories/" role="menuitem" class="">News and Stories</a>
<ul  role='menu' class="sub-menu ">
	<li role="none"  class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-218113"><a href="https://www.flightjournal.com/category/main-categories/media/from-the-magazine/" role="menuitem" class="">Aviation Stories</a></li>	<li role="none"  class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-218060"><a href="https://www.flightjournal.com/category/main-categories/restoration-reproduction/" role="menuitem" class="">Restoration and Reproduction</a></li>	<li role="none"  class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-218056"><a href="https://www.flightjournal.com/category/main-categories/personalities/" role="menuitem" class="">Personalities</a></li></ul>
</li><li role="none"  class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-221149"><a href="https://www.flightjournal.com/aviation-museum-directory/" role="menuitem" class="">Aviation Museum Directory</a></li><li role="none"  class="nav-subscribe-menu menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-218051"><a href="#" role="menuitem" class="">Customer Service</a>
<ul  role='menu' class="sub-menu ">
	<li role="none"  class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-223352"><a href="https://support.airage.com/?site=flight-journal&amp;aamid=45" role="menuitem" class="">Report an Issue</a></li>	<li role="none"  class="subscription-link header-split-a menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-218062"><a href="https://simplecirc.com/subscribe/flight-journal/I3KL01" role="menuitem" class="">Digital + Print</a></li>	<li role="none"  class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-218063"><a href="https://simplecirc.com/subscribe/flight-journal/I3KL01" role="menuitem" class="">Digital Edition</a></li>	<li role="none"  class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-219901"><a href="https://simplecirc.com/give_a_gift/flight-journal/I3KL01" role="menuitem" class="">Gift Subscription</a></li>	<li role="none"  class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-221970"><a href="https://readyroom.flightjournal.com/shopping/" role="menuitem" class="">Digital Edition Login</a></li>	<li role="none"  class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-218065"><a href="https://simplecirc.com/subscriber_login/flight-journal" role="menuitem" class="">Renew</a></li>	<li role="none"  class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-218066"><a href="https://simplecirc.com/subscriber_login/flight-journal" role="menuitem" class="">Customer Service Portal</a></li>	<li role="none"  class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-218345"><a href="https://www.flightjournal.com/faqs/" role="menuitem" class="">FAQs</a></li>	<li role="none"  class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-218335"><a href="https://www.flightjournal.com/help-contact-us/" role="menuitem" class="">Help – Contact Us</a></li>	<li role="none"  class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-222203"><a href="https://cloud.airageinc.com/flightjournal" role="menuitem" class="">Free newsletter</a></li></ul>
</li></ul></div>
		</div><div class="mob-menu-left-bg-holder"></div></div>

						<div class="mobmenu-right-alignment mobmenu-panel mobmenu-right-panel  ">
				<a href="#" class="mobmenu-right-bt" aria-label="Right Menu Button"><i class="mob-icon-cancel-1 mob-cancel-button"></i></a>
					<div class="mobmenu-content">
			<div class="menu-copyright-footer-menu-container"><ul id="mobmenuright" class="wp-mobile-menu" role="menubar" aria-label="Main navigation for mobile devices"><li role="none"  class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-218038"><a href="https://www.flightjournal.com/about-us/" role="menuitem" class="">About</a></li><li role="none"  class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-221960"><a href="http://cloud.airageinc.com/flightjournal" role="menuitem" class="">Newsletter Sign Up</a></li><li role="none"  class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-218331"><a href="https://www.flightjournal.com/help-contact-us/" role="menuitem" class="">Help – Contact Us</a></li><li role="none"  class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-218115"><a href="https://www.flightjournal.com/contributors-guidelines/" role="menuitem" class="">Contributors&#8217; Guidelines</a></li><li role="none"  class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-218041"><a href="https://www.airage.com/media-kit" role="menuitem" class="">Media Kit</a></li><li role="none"  class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-218042"><a href="https://www.airage.com/privacy-policy/" role="menuitem" class="">Privacy Policy</a></li><li role="none"  class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-218043"><a href="https://www.airage.com/terms-of-use/" role="menuitem" class="">Terms of Use</a></li><li role="none"  class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-219464"><a href="https://www.flightjournal.com/licensing-and-permissions/" role="menuitem" class="">Licensing and Permission</a></li></ul></div>
			</div><div class="mob-menu-right-bg-holder"></div></div>

		<script>window._popup_data = {"ajaxurl":"https:\/\/www.flightjournal.com\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","do":"get_data","ajax_data":{"orig_request_uri":"\/"}};</script><script type="text/javascript">
jQuery(document).ready(function($) {
	$('#nav-main .drop-toggle').click(function(){
		$('#nav-main').toggleClass('dropped');
	});
});
</script>
<script type="text/javascript" id="lrm-modal-js-extra">
/* <![CDATA[ */
var LRM = {"redirect_url":"","ajax_url":"https:\/\/www.flightjournal.com\/?lrm=1","is_user_logged_in":"","reload_after_login":"true","selectors_mapping":{"login":".popup_login","register":".popup_register"},"is_customize_preview":""};
/* ]]> */
</script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.flightjournal.com/wp-content/plugins/ajax-login-and-registration-modal-popup/assets/lrm-core.js?aam=62GUSpKI" id="lrm-modal-js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" id="superpwa-register-sw-js-extra">
/* <![CDATA[ */
var superpwa_sw = {"url":"\/superpwa-sw-1.js?1739462523","disable_addtohome":"0","enableOnDesktop":"","offline_form_addon_active":"","ajax_url":"https:\/\/www.flightjournal.com\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","offline_message":"1","offline_message_txt":"You are currently offline."};
/* ]]> */
</script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.flightjournal.com/wp-content/plugins/super-progressive-web-apps/public/js/register-sw.js?aam=62GUSpKI" id="superpwa-register-sw-js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.flightjournal.com/wp-content/plugins/ultimate-responsive-image-slider/js/jquery.sliderPro.js?aam=62GUSpKI" id="ris-jquery-sliderPro-js-js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.flightjournal.com/wp-content/plugins/wonderplugin-lightbox/engine/wonderpluginlightbox.js?aam=62GUSpKI" id="wonderplugin-lightbox-script-js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.flightjournal.com/wp-content/plugins/aam-ad-statistics/js/aam-ad-statistics.js?aam=62GUSpKI" id="aam-ad-statistics-js-js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.flightjournal.com/wp-content/plugins/custom-post-views-count//js/aam-pvc-admin.js?aam=62GUSpKI" id="aam-pvc-js-js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.flightjournal.com/wp-includes/js/jquery/ui/core.min.js?aam=62GUSpKI" id="jquery-ui-core-js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.flightjournal.com/wp-includes/js/jquery/ui/menu.min.js?aam=62GUSpKI" id="jquery-ui-menu-js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.flightjournal.com/wp-includes/js/dist/dom-ready.min.js?aam=62GUSpKI" id="wp-dom-ready-js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.flightjournal.com/wp-includes/js/dist/hooks.min.js?aam=62GUSpKI" id="wp-hooks-js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.flightjournal.com/wp-includes/js/dist/i18n.min.js?aam=62GUSpKI" id="wp-i18n-js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" id="wp-i18n-js-after">
/* <![CDATA[ */
wp.i18n.setLocaleData( { 'text direction\u0004ltr': [ 'ltr' ] } );
/* ]]> */
</script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.flightjournal.com/wp-includes/js/dist/a11y.min.js?aam=62GUSpKI" id="wp-a11y-js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.flightjournal.com/wp-includes/js/jquery/ui/autocomplete.min.js?aam=62GUSpKI" id="jquery-ui-autocomplete-js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.flightjournal.com/wp-content/themes/frontier-child/js/jquery-cookie.js?aam=62GUSpKI" id="jquery-cookie-js-js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.flightjournal.com/wp-content/themes/frontier-child/js/sweetalert2.all.js?aam=62GUSpKI" id="sweetalert2-all-js-js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" id="my-js-js-extra">
/* <![CDATA[ */
var php_to_js = {"profile_popup_form":"","profile_popup_form_shown":"","current_time":"1739462523","didAjaxCall":"0"};
/* ]]> */
</script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.flightjournal.com/wp-content/themes/frontier-child/js/frontier-custom.js?aam=62GUSpKI" id="my-js-js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.flightjournal.com/wp-content/themes/frontier-child/js/jquery.sticky.js?aam=62GUSpKI" id="menu-sticky-js-js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.flightjournal.com/wp-content/plugins/page-links-to/dist/new-tab.js?aam=62GUSpKI" id="page-links-to-js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.flightjournal.com/wp-content/plugins/popover/inc/external/wpmu-lib/js/wpmu-ui.3.min.js?aam=62GUSpKI" id="wpmu-wpmu-ui-3-min-js-js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.flightjournal.com/wp-content/plugins/popover/js/public.js?aam=62GUSpKI" id="wpmu-public-js-js"></script>
<script defer type="text/javascript" src="https://www.flightjournal.com/wp-content/plugins/akismet/_inc/akismet-frontend.js?aam=62GUSpKI" id="akismet-frontend-js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" id="formidable-js-extra">
/* <![CDATA[ */
var frm_js = {"ajax_url":"https:\/\/www.flightjournal.com\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","images_url":"https:\/\/www.flightjournal.com\/wp-content\/plugins\/formidable\/images","loading":"Loading\u2026","remove":"Remove","offset":"4","nonce":"bd8f1ca37e","id":"ID","no_results":"No results match","file_spam":"That file looks like Spam.","calc_error":"There is an error in the calculation in the field with key","empty_fields":"Please complete the preceding required fields before uploading a file.","focus_first_error":"1","include_alert_role":"1","include_resend_email":""};
var frm_password_checks = {"eight-char":{"label":"Eight characters minimum","regex":"\/^.{8,}$\/","message":"Passwords require at least 8 characters"},"lowercase":{"label":"One lowercase letter","regex":"#[a-z]+#","message":"Passwords must include at least one lowercase letter"},"uppercase":{"label":"One uppercase letter","regex":"#[A-Z]+#","message":"Passwords must include at least one uppercase letter"},"number":{"label":"One number","regex":"#[0-9]+#","message":"Passwords must include at least one number"},"special-char":{"label":"One special character","regex":"\/(?=.*[^a-zA-Z0-9])\/","message":"Password is invalid"}};
var frmCheckboxI18n = {"errorMsg":{"min_selections":"This field requires a minimum of %1$d selected options but only %2$d were submitted."}};
/* ]]> */
</script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.flightjournal.com/wp-content/plugins/formidable-pro/js/frm.min.js?aam=62GUSpKI" id="formidable-js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" id="formidable-js-after">
/* <![CDATA[ */
window.frm_js.repeaterRowDeleteConfirmation = "Are you sure you want to delete this row?";
/* ]]> */
</script>
<script>
/*<![CDATA[*/
/*]]>*/
</script>

<!--Plugin WP Missed Schedule Active - Secured with Genuine Authenticity KeyTag-->

<!-- This site is patched against a big problem not solved since WordPress 2.5 -->

<script>"undefined"!=typeof jQuery&&jQuery(document).ready(function(){"objectFit"in document.documentElement.style==!1&&(jQuery(".cat-post-item figure").removeClass("cat-post-crop"),jQuery(".cat-post-item figure").addClass("cat-post-crop-not-supported")),(document.documentMode||/Edge/.test(navigator.userAgent))&&(jQuery(".cat-post-item figure img").height("+=1"),window.setTimeout(function(){jQuery(".cat-post-item figure img").height("-=1")},0))});</script>		<script type="text/javascript">
			if (typeof jQuery !== 'undefined') {

				var cat_posts_namespace              = window.cat_posts_namespace || {};
				cat_posts_namespace.layout_wrap_text = cat_posts_namespace.layout_wrap_text || {};
				cat_posts_namespace.layout_img_size  = cat_posts_namespace.layout_img_size || {};

				cat_posts_namespace.layout_wrap_text = {
					
					preWrap : function (widget) {
						jQuery(widget).find('.cat-post-item').each(function(){
							var _that = jQuery(this);
							_that.find('p.cpwp-excerpt-text').addClass('cpwp-wrap-text');
							_that.find('p.cpwp-excerpt-text').closest('div').wrap('<div class="cpwp-wrap-text-stage"></div>');
						});
						return;
					},
					
					add : function(_this){
						var _that = jQuery(_this);
						if (_that.find('p.cpwp-excerpt-text').height() < _that.find('.cat-post-thumbnail').height()) { 
							_that.find('p.cpwp-excerpt-text').closest('.cpwp-wrap-text-stage').removeClass( "cpwp-wrap-text" );
							_that.find('p.cpwp-excerpt-text').addClass( "cpwp-wrap-text" ); 
						}else{ 
							_that.find('p.cpwp-excerpt-text').removeClass( "cpwp-wrap-text" );
							_that.find('p.cpwp-excerpt-text').closest('.cpwp-wrap-text-stage').addClass( "cpwp-wrap-text" ); 
						}
						return;
					},
					
					handleLazyLoading : function(_this) {
						var width = jQuery(_this).find('img').width();
						
						if( 0 !== width ){
							cat_posts_namespace.layout_wrap_text.add(_this);
						} else {
							jQuery(_this).find('img').one("load", function(){
								cat_posts_namespace.layout_wrap_text.add(_this);
							});
						}
						return;
					},
					
					setClass : function (widget) {
						// var _widget = jQuery(widget);
						jQuery(widget).find('.cat-post-item').each(function(){
							cat_posts_namespace.layout_wrap_text.handleLazyLoading(this);
						});
						return;
					}
				}
				cat_posts_namespace.layout_img_size = {
					
					replace : function(_this){
						var _that = jQuery(_this),
						resp_w = _that.width(),
						resp_h = _that.height(),
						orig_w = _that.data('cat-posts-width'),
						orig_h = _that.data('cat-posts-height');
						
						if( resp_w < orig_w ){
							_that.height( resp_w * orig_h / orig_w );
						} else {
							_that.height( '' );
						}
						return;
					},
					
					handleLazyLoading : function(_this) {
						var width = jQuery(_this).width();
						
						if( 0 !== width ){
							cat_posts_namespace.layout_img_size.replace(_this);
						} else {
							jQuery(_this).one("load", function(){
								cat_posts_namespace.layout_img_size.replace(_this);
							});
						}
						return;
					},
					setHeight : function (widget) {
						jQuery(widget).find('.cat-post-item img').each(function(){
							cat_posts_namespace.layout_img_size.handleLazyLoading(this);
						});
						return;
					}
				}

				let widget = jQuery('#category-posts-2-internal');

				jQuery( document ).ready(function () {
					cat_posts_namespace.layout_wrap_text.setClass(widget);
					
					
						cat_posts_namespace.layout_img_size.setHeight(widget);
					
				});

				jQuery(window).on('load resize', function() {
					cat_posts_namespace.layout_wrap_text.setClass(widget);
					
					
						cat_posts_namespace.layout_img_size.setHeight(widget);
					
				});

				// low-end mobile 
				cat_posts_namespace.layout_wrap_text.preWrap(widget);
				cat_posts_namespace.layout_wrap_text.setClass(widget);
				
				
					cat_posts_namespace.layout_img_size.setHeight(widget);
				

			}
		</script>
		</body>
</html>