<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" media="screen" href="/~d/styles/rss2enclosuresfull.xsl"?><?xml-stylesheet type="text/css" media="screen" href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~d/styles/itemcontent.css"?><rss xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" xmlns:itunes="http://www.itunes.com/dtds/podcast-1.0.dtd" xmlns:feedburner="http://rssnamespace.org/feedburner/ext/1.0" version="2.0"><channel><title>FOOD CROPS</title><link>http://foodcrops.blogspot.com/</link><atom10:link xmlns:atom10="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml" href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/FoodCrops" /><description>Thông tin cây lương thực

http://foodcrops.blogspot.com</description><language>en</language><managingEditor>noreply@blogger.com (Hoang Kim)</managingEditor><lastBuildDate>Sat, 26 May 2012 07:26:33 PDT</lastBuildDate><generator>Blogger http://www.blogger.com</generator><openSearch:totalResults xmlns:openSearch="http://a9.com/-/spec/opensearch/1.1/">26</openSearch:totalResults><openSearch:startIndex xmlns:openSearch="http://a9.com/-/spec/opensearch/1.1/">1</openSearch:startIndex><openSearch:itemsPerPage xmlns:openSearch="http://a9.com/-/spec/opensearch/1.1/">25</openSearch:itemsPerPage><feedburner:info uri="foodcrops" /><atom10:link xmlns:atom10="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom" rel="hub" href="http://pubsubhubbub.appspot.com/" /><media:copyright>FOOD CROPS</media:copyright><media:thumbnail url="http://foodcrops.blogspot.com" /><media:keywords>foodcrops,cây,lương,thực,luagaovietnam,cropsforbiofuel,rice,maize,cassavaviet,cassavanews,ngô,sắn,khoai,lang</media:keywords><media:category scheme="http://www.itunes.com/dtds/podcast-1.0.dtd">Education/Educational Technology</media:category><itunes:owner><itunes:email>hoangkim_vietnam@yahoo.com</itunes:email><itunes:name>hoangkimvietnam and hoanglong</itunes:name></itunes:owner><itunes:author>hoangkimvietnam and hoanglong</itunes:author><itunes:explicit>yes</itunes:explicit><itunes:image href="http://foodcrops.blogspot.com" /><itunes:keywords>foodcrops,cây,lương,thực,luagaovietnam,cropsforbiofuel,rice,maize,cassavaviet,cassavanews,ngô,sắn,khoai,lang</itunes:keywords><itunes:subtitle>FOOD CROPS</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary>for food crops news, research, teaching and transfer technology. Thông tin lúa ngô, sắn, khoai lang, ...</itunes:summary><itunes:category text="Education"><itunes:category text="Educational Technology" /></itunes:category><item><title>Food Crops News, Tin Cây Lương Thực</title><link>http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/FoodCrops/~3/gVD-jzwOEgc/food-crops-news-tin-cay-luong-thuc.html</link><category>Food Crops News</category><category>Tin Cây Lương Thực</category><author>hoangkim_vietnam@yahoo.com (hoangkimvietnam and hoanglong)</author><pubDate>Sat, 14 Apr 2012 01:47:58 PDT</pubDate><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4930984968650892465.post-6518697571970610103</guid><description>&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;GM field trials hit roadblock&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt; Hindustan Times&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;India's biotechnology regulator will be apprising the state governments on&lt;br /&gt;the benefits of Genetically Modified (GM) food crops as country's&lt;br /&gt;biotechnology industry is hitting a roadblock because of many states saying&lt;br /&gt;no to GM crops.&lt;br /&gt;&amp;lt;&lt;a href="http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/NewDelhi/GM-field-trials-hit-roadblock/Article1-840130.aspx" target="_blank" href="http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/NewDelhi/GM-field-trials-hit-roadblock/Article1-840130.aspx"&gt;http://www.hindustantimes.com&lt;wbr&gt;/India-news/NewDelhi/GM-field-&lt;wbr&gt;trials-hit-roadblock/Article1-&lt;wbr&gt;840130.aspx&lt;/a&gt;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;See all stories on this topic:&lt;br /&gt;&amp;lt;&lt;a href="http://news.google.com/news/story?ncl=http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/NewDelhi/GM-field-trials-hit-roadblock/Article1-840130.aspx&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;geo=us" target="_blank" href="http://news.google.com/news/story?ncl=http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/NewDelhi/GM-field-trials-hit-roadblock/Article1-840130.aspx&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;geo=us"&gt;http://news.google.com/news/s&lt;wbr&gt;tory?ncl=http://www.hindustant&lt;wbr&gt;imes.com/India-news/NewDelhi/&lt;wbr&gt;GM-field-trials-hit-roadblock/&lt;wbr&gt;Article1-840130.aspx&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;&lt;wbr&gt;geo=us&lt;/a&gt;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Argentina says corn crop slammed by drought&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;  &lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt; Reuters&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Not only growers and soy traders but long-term investors are evaluating&lt;br /&gt;Argentina's ability to help meet rising world food demand. In key&lt;br /&gt;corn-growing area Bragado, Buenos Aires province, early-planted fields are&lt;br /&gt;being harvested with yields coming in ...&lt;br /&gt;&amp;lt;&lt;a href="http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/04/13/grains-argentina-government-idUSL2E8FDFXP20120413" target="_blank" href="http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/04/13/grains-argentina-government-idUSL2E8FDFXP20120413"&gt;http://www.reuters.com/articl&lt;wbr&gt;e/2012/04/13/grains-argentina-&lt;wbr&gt;government-idUSL2E8FDFXP201204&lt;wbr&gt;13&lt;/a&gt;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;See all stories on this topic:&lt;br /&gt;&amp;lt;&lt;a href="http://news.google.com/news/story?ncl=http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/04/13/grains-argentina-government-idUSL2E8FDFXP20120413&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;geo=us" target="_blank" href="http://news.google.com/news/story?ncl=http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/04/13/grains-argentina-government-idUSL2E8FDFXP20120413&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;geo=us"&gt;http://news.google.com/news/s&lt;wbr&gt;tory?ncl=http://www.reuters.co&lt;wbr&gt;m/article/2012/04/13/grains-ar&lt;wbr&gt;gentina-government-idUSL2E8FDF&lt;wbr&gt;XP20120413&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;geo=us&lt;/a&gt;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Country Faces 1 Million-Tonne Maize Deficit&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;  &lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt; AllAfrica.&lt;/strong&gt;com&lt;br /&gt;"Farmers in the communal areas are producing in marginal areas and have&lt;br /&gt;little resources but they are the ones contributing towards food security.&lt;br /&gt;"A2 farmers are producing other crops but they have the national obligation&lt;br /&gt;to produce food.&lt;br /&gt;&amp;lt;&lt;a href="http://allafrica.com/stories/201204130562.html" target="_blank" href="http://allafrica.com/stories/201204130562.html"&gt;http://allafrica.com/stories/&lt;wbr&gt;201204130562.html&lt;/a&gt;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;See all stories on this topic:&lt;br /&gt;&amp;lt;&lt;a href="http://news.google.com/news/story?ncl=http://allafrica.com/stories/201204130562.html&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;geo=us" target="_blank" href="http://news.google.com/news/story?ncl=http://allafrica.com/stories/201204130562.html&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;geo=us"&gt;http://news.google.com/news/s&lt;wbr&gt;tory?ncl=http://allafrica.com/&lt;wbr&gt;stories/201204130562.html&amp;amp;hl=&lt;wbr&gt;en&amp;amp;geo=us&lt;/a&gt;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Zim faces maize deficit&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;  &lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt; Independent Online&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;By SAPA Corn plants are seen at a drought-affected farm near Rufino, Santa&lt;br /&gt;Fe province, about 455 km (283 miles) north of Buenos Aires January 5,&lt;br /&gt;2012. In the agricultural heart of Argentina, one of the largest exporters&lt;br /&gt;of food products, ...&lt;br /&gt;&amp;lt;&lt;a href="http://www.iol.co.za/business/international/zim-faces-maize-deficit-1.1275480" target="_blank" href="http://www.iol.co.za/business/international/zim-faces-maize-deficit-1.1275480"&gt;http://www.iol.co.za/business&lt;wbr&gt;/international/zim-faces-&lt;wbr&gt;maize-deficit-1.1275480&lt;/a&gt;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;See all stories on this topic:&lt;br /&gt;&amp;lt;&lt;a href="http://news.google.com/news/story?ncl=http://www.iol.co.za/business/international/zim-faces-maize-deficit-1.1275480&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;geo=us" target="_blank" href="http://news.google.com/news/story?ncl=http://www.iol.co.za/business/international/zim-faces-maize-deficit-1.1275480&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;geo=us"&gt;http://news.google.com/news/s&lt;wbr&gt;tory?ncl=http://www.iol.co.za/&lt;wbr&gt;business/international/zim-fac&lt;wbr&gt;es-maize-deficit-1.1275480&amp;amp;hl=&lt;wbr&gt;en&amp;amp;geo=us&lt;/a&gt;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;The Farm and Construction Machinery Industry Benefiting From Increase in Crop ...&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;  &lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt; MarketWatch (press release)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;But things seem to be finally turning around for the industry as an&lt;br /&gt;improving global economy and rising food prices are allowing farmers to&lt;br /&gt;spend more money on machinery. Five Star Equities examines the outlook for&lt;br /&gt;companies in the Farm and ...&lt;br /&gt;&amp;lt;&lt;a href="http://www.marketwatch.com/story/the-farm-and-construction-machinery-industry-benefiting-from-increase-in-crop-planting-2012-04-13?reflink=MW_news_stmp" target="_blank" href="http://www.marketwatch.com/story/the-farm-and-construction-machinery-industry-benefiting-from-increase-in-crop-planting-2012-04-13?reflink=MW_news_stmp"&gt;http://www.marketwatch.com/st&lt;wbr&gt;ory/the-farm-and-construction-&lt;wbr&gt;machinery-industry-benefiting-&lt;wbr&gt;from-increase-in-crop-&lt;wbr&gt;planting-2012-04-13?reflink=&lt;wbr&gt;MW_news_stmp&lt;/a&gt;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;See all stories on this topic:&lt;br /&gt;&amp;lt;&lt;a href="http://news.google.com/news/story?ncl=http://www.marketwatch.com/story/the-farm-and-construction-machinery-industry-benefiting-from-increase-in-crop-planting-2012-04-13%3Freflink%3DMW_news_stmp&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;geo=us" target="_blank" href="http://news.google.com/news/story?ncl=http://www.marketwatch.com/story/the-farm-and-construction-machinery-industry-benefiting-from-increase-in-crop-planting-2012-04-13%3Freflink%3DMW_news_stmp&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;geo=us"&gt;http://news.google.com/news/s&lt;wbr&gt;tory?ncl=http://www.marketwatc&lt;wbr&gt;h.com/story/the-farm-and-&lt;wbr&gt;construction-machinery-&lt;wbr&gt;industry-benefiting-from-&lt;wbr&gt;increase-in-crop-planting-&lt;wbr&gt;2012-04-13%3Freflink%3DMW_&lt;wbr&gt;news_stmp&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;geo=us&lt;/a&gt;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Vilsack: A strong safety net&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;  &lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt; CattleNetwork.com&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;As a warm winter drew to a close with the warmest March on record, many&lt;br /&gt;farmers around the country were already in the fields and others are&lt;br /&gt;itching to get crops in the ground. Each planting season begins with such&lt;br /&gt;promise. This one is no different.&lt;br /&gt;&amp;lt;&lt;a href="http://www.cattlenetwork.com/cattle-news/latest/Vilsack-A-strong-safety-net-147324345.html" target="_blank" href="http://www.cattlenetwork.com/cattle-news/latest/Vilsack-A-strong-safety-net-147324345.html"&gt;http://www.cattlenetwork.com/&lt;wbr&gt;cattle-news/latest/Vilsack-A-s&lt;wbr&gt;trong-safety-net-147324345.htm&lt;wbr&gt;l&lt;/a&gt;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;See all stories on this topic:&lt;br /&gt;&amp;lt;&lt;a href="http://news.google.com/news/story?ncl=http://www.cattlenetwork.com/cattle-news/latest/Vilsack-A-strong-safety-net-147324345.html&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;geo=us" target="_blank" href="http://news.google.com/news/story?ncl=http://www.cattlenetwork.com/cattle-news/latest/Vilsack-A-strong-safety-net-147324345.html&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;geo=us"&gt;http://news.google.com/news/s&lt;wbr&gt;tory?ncl=http://www.cattlenetw&lt;wbr&gt;ork.com/cattle-news/latest/&lt;wbr&gt;Vilsack-A-strong-safety-net-&lt;wbr&gt;147324345.html&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;geo=us&lt;/a&gt;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Worth it? Failed launch costs North Korea food aid&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;  &lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt; Fox News&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;UN holds emergency meeting on failed North Korean rocket North Korea puts&lt;br /&gt;brave face on centenary celebrations The US will not go forward with&lt;br /&gt;planned food aid for North Korea after the nation's unsuccessful attempt to&lt;br /&gt;launch a long-range missile ...&lt;br /&gt;&amp;lt;&lt;a href="http://www.foxnews.com/world/2012/04/13/worth-it-failed-launch-costs-north-korea-food-aid/" target="_blank" href="http://www.foxnews.com/world/2012/04/13/worth-it-failed-launch-costs-north-korea-food-aid/"&gt;http://www.foxnews.com/world/&lt;wbr&gt;2012/04/13/worth-it-failed-lau&lt;wbr&gt;nch-costs-north-korea-food-aid&lt;wbr&gt;/&lt;/a&gt;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;See all stories on this topic:&lt;br /&gt;&amp;lt;&lt;a href="http://news.google.com/news/story?ncl=http://www.foxnews.com/world/2012/04/13/worth-it-failed-launch-costs-north-korea-food-aid/&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;geo=us" target="_blank" href="http://news.google.com/news/story?ncl=http://www.foxnews.com/world/2012/04/13/worth-it-failed-launch-costs-north-korea-food-aid/&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;geo=us"&gt;http://news.google.com/news/s&lt;wbr&gt;tory?ncl=http://www.foxnews.co&lt;wbr&gt;m/world/2012/04/13/worth-it-fa&lt;wbr&gt;iled-launch-costs-north-korea-&lt;wbr&gt;food-aid/&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;geo=us&lt;/a&gt;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Federal ag research, food inspection budgeting jeered&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;  &lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt; Canadian Cattlemen&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;... president of the Grain Growers of Canada, said in a release Thursday&lt;br /&gt;criticizing planned cuts to federally-funded crops research. "While we&lt;br /&gt;appreciate some of the (Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada) facilities were&lt;br /&gt;old and expensive to maintain, ...&lt;br /&gt;&amp;lt;&lt;a href="http://www.canadiancattlemen.ca/news/federal-ag-research-food-inspection-budgeting-jeered/1001069941/" target="_blank" href="http://www.canadiancattlemen.ca/news/federal-ag-research-food-inspection-budgeting-jeered/1001069941/"&gt;http://www.canadiancattlemen.&lt;wbr&gt;ca/news/federal-ag-research-fo&lt;wbr&gt;od-inspection-budgeting-jeered&lt;wbr&gt;/1001069941/&lt;/a&gt;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;See all stories on this topic:&lt;br /&gt;&amp;lt;&lt;a href="http://news.google.com/news/story?ncl=http://www.canadiancattlemen.ca/news/federal-ag-research-food-inspection-budgeting-jeered/1001069941/&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;geo=us" target="_blank" href="http://news.google.com/news/story?ncl=http://www.canadiancattlemen.ca/news/federal-ag-research-food-inspection-budgeting-jeered/1001069941/&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;geo=us"&gt;http://news.google.com/news/s&lt;wbr&gt;tory?ncl=http://www.canadianca&lt;wbr&gt;ttlemen.ca/news/federal-ag-&lt;wbr&gt;research-food-inspection-&lt;wbr&gt;budgeting-jeered/1001069941/&amp;amp;&lt;wbr&gt;hl=en&amp;amp;geo=us&lt;/a&gt;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Web - 3 new results for [food crops]&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt; Food Crops News – Tin Mới Cây Lương Thực | Ngọc phương Nam&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;FOOD CROPS CNM, foodcropsnews, gardening, vietnam travel, ngocphuongnam,&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt; chào ngày .&lt;/strong&gt;..&lt;br /&gt;&amp;lt;&lt;a href="http://hoangkimvietnam.wordpress.com/2012/04/14/food-crops-news-tin-m%E1%BB%9Bi-cay-l%C6%B0%C6%A1ng-th%E1%BB%B1c/" target="_blank" href="http://hoangkimvietnam.wordpress.com/2012/04/14/food-crops-news-tin-m%E1%BB%9Bi-cay-l%C6%B0%C6%A1ng-th%E1%BB%B1c/"&gt;http://hoangkimvietnam.wordpr&lt;wbr&gt;ess.com/2012/04/14/food-crops-&lt;wbr&gt;news-tin-m%E1%BB%9Bi-cay-l%C6%&lt;wbr&gt;B0%C6%A1ng-th%E1%BB%B1c/&lt;/a&gt;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Fungal Threats for Biodiversity, Food Supply at 'Unprecedented ...&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;  &lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In addition to food crops, fungal infections are destroying trees,&lt;br /&gt;amphibians, bees , sea turtles and corals and bats. "Crop losses due to&lt;br /&gt;fungal attack challenge ...&lt;br /&gt;&amp;lt;&lt;a href="http://www.commondreams.org/headline/2012/04/13-6" target="_blank" href="http://www.commondreams.org/headline/2012/04/13-6"&gt;http://www.commondreams.org/h&lt;wbr&gt;eadline/2012/04/13-6&lt;/a&gt;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt; Crop insurance is a part of agriculture insurance (Detail information)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Yield based crop insurance covers Food Crops, Cereals, Millets and Pulses,&lt;br /&gt;Oilseeds and Animal Crops, Commercial Crops and Horticultural Crops. It&lt;br /&gt;operates ...&lt;br /&gt;&amp;lt;&lt;a href="http://www.preservearticles.com/2012041130294/crop-insurance-is-a-part-of-agriculture-insurance-detail-information.html" target="_blank" href="http://www.preservearticles.com/2012041130294/crop-insurance-is-a-part-of-agriculture-insurance-detail-information.html"&gt;http://www.preservearticles.c&lt;wbr&gt;om/2012041130294/crop-insuranc&lt;wbr&gt;e-is-a-part-of-agriculture-&lt;wbr&gt;insurance-detail-information.&lt;wbr&gt;html&lt;/a&gt;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Vietnam Travel&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;Vietnam beautiful country- Vietnam Tuyet De&lt;/span&gt;p&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;iframe src="http://www.youtube.com/embed/_UsmWJVUAQQ" allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="360" width="480"&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p id="watch-uploader-info"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;Uploaded by &lt;a dir="ltr" href="http://www.youtube.com/user/HaLong806" rel="author" href="http://www.youtube.com/user/HaLong806"&gt;HaLong806&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br bogus="1"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;vietnam que huong.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Trở về trang chính&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;a href="http://cayluongthuc.blogspot.com/" href="http://cayluongthuc.blogspot.com/"&gt;CÂY LƯƠNG THỰC&lt;/a&gt;; &lt;a href="http://foodcrops.vn/" href="http://foodcrops.vn/"&gt;FOOD CROPS&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://fa.hcmuaf.edu.vn/hoangkim" href="http://fa.hcmuaf.edu.vn/hoangkim"&gt;Dạy và học ĐHNLHCM&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://dayvahoc.blogtiengviet.net/" href="http://dayvahoc.blogtiengviet.net/"&gt;Dạy và học BlogtiengViet&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://giadinhnongnghiep.wordpress.com/" href="http://giadinhnongnghiep.wordpress.com/"&gt;Gia đình nông nghiệp&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://hoangkimvietnam.wordpress.com/" href="http://hoangkimvietnam.wordpress.com/"&gt;NGỌC PHƯƠNG NAM&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;,&lt;a href="http://dayvahoc.blogspot.com/" href="http://dayvahoc.blogspot.com/"&gt; DẠY VÀ HỌC&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;FOOD CROPS
www.foodcrops.blogspot.com&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/4930984968650892465-6518697571970610103?l=foodcrops.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/FoodCrops/~4/gVD-jzwOEgc" height="1" width="1"/&gt;</description><app:edited xmlns:app="http://www.w3.org/2007/app">2012-04-14T15:47:58.227+07:00</app:edited><media:thumbnail url="http://img.youtube.com/vi/_UsmWJVUAQQ/default.jpg" height="72" width="72" /><thr:total xmlns:thr="http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0">0</thr:total><feedburner:origLink>http://foodcrops.blogspot.com/2012/04/food-crops-news-tin-cay-luong-thuc.html</feedburner:origLink></item><item><title>Food Crops News and Vietnam Travel Video</title><link>http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/FoodCrops/~3/DOaN1H2grhs/food-crops-news-and-vietnam-travel.html</link><category>Food Crops News and Vietnam Travel Video</category><author>hoangkim_vietnam@yahoo.com (hoangkimvietnam and hoanglong)</author><pubDate>Thu, 12 Apr 2012 03:12:19 PDT</pubDate><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4930984968650892465.post-1118464898848674732</guid><description>&lt;strong&gt;FOOD CROPS. Food Crops News 011. Tackle fungal forces to save crops, forests and endangered animals, say scientists; U of G food science prof identifies plants to serve as 'famine foods' in Mali; CRDB urges government to let farmers export food crops; Food Deficit - Get Farmers to Grow Crops Suitable for Their Areas; Food Frenzy: An Economist Analyzes Eating; Genetically Modified Foods Explained; Study: MI Food and Ag Industry Contributes Over $90 Billion To Economy; MSU and Michigan Farm Bureau experts: food exporting key to growing ...Fungus threat escalates for food, wildlife&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Tackle fungal forces to save crops, forests and endangered animals, say scientists&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt; Science Daily (press release)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Fungal infections presently destroy at least 125 million tonnes of the top&lt;br /&gt;five food crops -- rice, wheat, maize, potatoes and soybeans -- each year,&lt;br /&gt;which could otherwise be used to feed those who do not get enough to eat.&lt;br /&gt;These crops provide the ...&lt;br /&gt;&amp;lt;&lt;a href="http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/04/120411132000.htm" target="_blank"&gt;http://www.sciencedaily.com/r&lt;wbr&gt;eleases/2012/04/120411132000.h&lt;wbr&gt;tm&lt;/a&gt;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;See all stories on this topic:&lt;br /&gt;&amp;lt;&lt;a href="http://news.google.com/news/story?ncl=http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/04/120411132000.htm&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;geo=us" target="_blank"&gt;http://news.google.com/news/s&lt;wbr&gt;tory?ncl=http://www.sciencedai&lt;wbr&gt;ly.com/releases/2012/04/&lt;wbr&gt;120411132000.htm&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;geo=us&lt;/a&gt;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;U of G food science prof identifies plants to serve as 'famine foods' in Mali&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt; Winnipeg Free Press&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;TORONTO - A University of Guelph food scientist has recently returned from&lt;br /&gt;a humanitarian trip to drought-ravaged Mali, where he encouraged residents&lt;br /&gt;to fortify their diets with protein-rich leaves from the drumstick tree and&lt;br /&gt;monkey bread tree.&lt;br /&gt;&amp;lt;&lt;a href="http://www.winnipegfreepress.com/arts-and-life/life/sci_tech/u-of-g-food-science-prof-identifies-plants-to-serve-as-famine-foods-in-mali-147037345.html" target="_blank"&gt;http://www.winnipegfreepress.&lt;wbr&gt;com/arts-and-life/life/sci_tec&lt;wbr&gt;h/u-of-g-food-science-prof-ide&lt;wbr&gt;ntifies-plants-to-serve-as-fam&lt;wbr&gt;ine-foods-in-mali-147037345.&lt;wbr&gt;html&lt;/a&gt;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;See all stories on this topic:&lt;br /&gt;&amp;lt;&lt;a href="http://news.google.com/news/story?ncl=http://www.winnipegfreepress.com/arts-and-life/life/sci_tech/u-of-g-food-science-prof-identifies-plants-to-serve-as-famine-foods-in-mali-147037345.html&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;geo=us" target="_blank"&gt;http://news.google.com/news/s&lt;wbr&gt;tory?ncl=http://www.winnipegfr&lt;wbr&gt;eepress.com/arts-and-life/&lt;wbr&gt;life/sci_tech/u-of-g-food-&lt;wbr&gt;science-prof-identifies-plants&lt;wbr&gt;-to-serve-as-famine-foods-in-&lt;wbr&gt;mali-147037345.html&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;geo=&lt;wbr&gt;us&lt;/a&gt;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;CRDB urges government to let farmers export food crops&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt; The Citizen Daily&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Bank's MD Dr Charles Kimei said total ban on agro-crops export would hurt&lt;br /&gt;farmers' incomes and ability to service the loans. “I urge the government&lt;br /&gt;to allow food exports, but it should put in place control mechanisms. This&lt;br /&gt;may encourage banks to ...&lt;br /&gt;&amp;lt;&lt;a href="http://thecitizen.co.tz/business/13-local-business/21396-crdb-urges-government-to-let-farmers-export-food-crops.html" target="_blank"&gt;http://thecitizen.co.tz/busin&lt;wbr&gt;ess/13-local-business/21396-&lt;wbr&gt;crdb-urges-government-to-let-&lt;wbr&gt;farmers-export-food-crops.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br bogus="1"&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div id=":2e"&gt;&lt;wbr&gt;&lt;br /&gt;See all stories on this topic:&lt;br /&gt;&amp;lt;&lt;a href="http://news.google.com/news/story?ncl=http://thecitizen.co.tz/business/13-local-business/21396-crdb-urges-government-to-let-farmers-export-food-crops.html&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;geo=us" target="_blank"&gt;http://news.google.com/news/s&lt;wbr&gt;tory?ncl=http://thecitizen.co.&lt;wbr&gt;tz/business/13-local-business/&lt;wbr&gt;21396-crdb-urges-government-&lt;wbr&gt;to-let-farmers-export-food-&lt;wbr&gt;crops.html&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;geo=us&lt;/a&gt;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Food Deficit - Get Farmers to Grow Crops Suitable for Their Areas&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt; AllAfrica.com&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;We have observed that much of the problems associated with food deficit&lt;br /&gt;hinge on farmers growing the wrong crops. If the region is good for cattle,&lt;br /&gt;we would obviously hope to see farmers going into cattle ranching and if it&lt;br /&gt;is good for small grains, ...&lt;br /&gt;&amp;lt;&lt;a href="http://allafrica.com/stories/201204110424.html" target="_blank"&gt;http://allafrica.com/stories/&lt;wbr&gt;201204110424.html&lt;/a&gt;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;See all stories on this topic:&lt;br /&gt;&amp;lt;&lt;a href="http://news.google.com/news/story?ncl=http://allafrica.com/stories/201204110424.html&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;geo=us" target="_blank"&gt;http://news.google.com/news/s&lt;wbr&gt;tory?ncl=http://allafrica.com/&lt;wbr&gt;stories/201204110424.html&amp;amp;hl=&lt;wbr&gt;en&amp;amp;geo=us&lt;/a&gt;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Food Frenzy: An Economist Analyzes Eating&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt; Wall Street Journal (blog)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Case in point: local food may be more tasty, but it isn't necessarily&lt;br /&gt;easier on the environment to eat food grown and transported by a nearby&lt;br /&gt;farmer. Small farms often use inefficient techniques and tend to transport&lt;br /&gt;their crops through frequent, ...&lt;br /&gt;&amp;lt;&lt;a href="http://blogs.wsj.com/economics/2012/04/11/food-frenzy-an-economist-analyzes-eating/" target="_blank"&gt;http://blogs.wsj.com/economic&lt;wbr&gt;s/2012/04/11/food-frenzy-an-&lt;wbr&gt;economist-analyzes-eating/&lt;/a&gt;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;See all stories on this topic:&lt;br /&gt;&amp;lt;&lt;a href="http://news.google.com/news/story?ncl=http://blogs.wsj.com/economics/2012/04/11/food-frenzy-an-economist-analyzes-eating/&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;geo=us" target="_blank"&gt;http://news.google.com/news/s&lt;wbr&gt;tory?ncl=http://blogs.wsj.com/&lt;wbr&gt;economics/2012/04/11/food-fren&lt;wbr&gt;zy-an-economist-analyzes-eatin&lt;wbr&gt;g/&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;geo=us&lt;/a&gt;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Genetically Modified Foods Explained&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt; South Source&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The top genetically engineered crops in the United States are corn, soy,&lt;br /&gt;canola, and cotton. Opponents of GM foods have several criticisms,&lt;br /&gt;including that the food causes harm to other organisms. Supporters of GM&lt;br /&gt;foods say benefits include shorter ...&lt;br /&gt;&amp;lt;&lt;a href="http://source.southuniversity.edu/genetically-modified-foods-explained-80625.aspx" target="_blank"&gt;http://source.southuniversity&lt;wbr&gt;.edu/genetically-modified-&lt;wbr&gt;foods-explained-80625.aspx&lt;/a&gt;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;See all stories on this topic:&lt;br /&gt;&amp;lt;&lt;a href="http://news.google.com/news/story?ncl=http://source.southuniversity.edu/genetically-modified-foods-explained-80625.aspx&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;geo=us" target="_blank"&gt;http://news.google.com/news/s&lt;wbr&gt;tory?ncl=http://source.southun&lt;wbr&gt;iversity.edu/genetically-&lt;wbr&gt;modified-foods-explained-&lt;wbr&gt;80625.aspx&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;geo=us&lt;/a&gt;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Study: MI Food and Ag Industry Contributes Over $90 Billion To Economy&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt; WLNS&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The farming line encompasses food, energy and horticultural crops, as well&lt;br /&gt;as animal production and turf production. "The impact of Michigan's farms&lt;br /&gt;and the commodities they produce is 12 percent of the overall total, and&lt;br /&gt;their economic contribution ...&lt;br /&gt;&amp;lt;&lt;a href="http://www.wlns.com/story/17384427/study-food-and-agriculture-contributes-over-90-million-to-state-economy" target="_blank"&gt;http://www.wlns.com/story/173&lt;wbr&gt;84427/study-food-and-agricultu&lt;wbr&gt;re-contributes-over-90-&lt;wbr&gt;million-to-state-economy&lt;/a&gt;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;See all stories on this topic:&lt;br /&gt;&amp;lt;&lt;a href="http://news.google.com/news/story?ncl=http://www.wlns.com/story/17384427/study-food-and-agriculture-contributes-over-90-million-to-state-economy&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;geo=us" target="_blank"&gt;http://news.google.com/news/s&lt;wbr&gt;tory?ncl=http://www.wlns.com/s&lt;wbr&gt;tory/17384427/study-food-and-a&lt;wbr&gt;griculture-contributes-over-90&lt;wbr&gt;-million-to-state-economy&amp;amp;hl=&lt;wbr&gt;en&amp;amp;geo=us&lt;/a&gt;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;MSU and Michigan Farm Bureau experts: food exporting key to growing ...&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt; MLive.com&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;MSU's study of the food and agricultural system focuses on a much larger&lt;br /&gt;economic impact of $91.4 billion. That estimate includes food wholesale and&lt;br /&gt;retail (restaurants, grocery stores, etc.), the service and sale of&lt;br /&gt;flowers, plants and turf grass, ...&lt;br /&gt;&amp;lt;&lt;a href="http://www.mlive.com/business/index.ssf/2012/04/michigan_agriculture_food_indu.html" target="_blank"&gt;http://www.mlive.com/business&lt;wbr&gt;/index.ssf/2012/04/michigan_&lt;wbr&gt;agriculture_food_indu.html&lt;/a&gt;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;See all stories on this topic:&lt;br /&gt;&amp;lt;&lt;a href="http://news.google.com/news/story?ncl=http://www.mlive.com/business/index.ssf/2012/04/michigan_agriculture_food_indu.html&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;geo=us" target="_blank"&gt;http://news.google.com/news/s&lt;wbr&gt;tory?ncl=http://www.mlive.com/&lt;wbr&gt;business/index.ssf/2012/04/&lt;wbr&gt;michigan_agriculture_food_indu&lt;wbr&gt;.html&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;geo=us&lt;/a&gt;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Fungus threat escalates for food, wildlife&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt; The Daily Star&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;“In both animals and plants, an unprecedented number of fungal and&lt;br /&gt;fungal-like species have recently caused some of the most severe die-offs&lt;br /&gt;and extinctions ever witnessed in wild species, and are jeopardizing food&lt;br /&gt;security,” it warned.&lt;br /&gt;&amp;lt;&lt;a href="http://www.dailystar.com.lb/Culture/Lifestyle/2012/Apr-12/169947-fungus-threat-escalates-for-food-wildlife.ashx" target="_blank"&gt;http://www.dailystar.com.lb/C&lt;wbr&gt;ulture/Lifestyle/2012/Apr-12/1&lt;wbr&gt;69947-fungus-threat-escalates-&lt;wbr&gt;for-food-wildlife.ashx&lt;/a&gt;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;See all stories on this topic:&lt;br /&gt;&amp;lt;&lt;a href="http://news.google.com/news/story?ncl=http://www.dailystar.com.lb/Culture/Lifestyle/2012/Apr-12/169947-fungus-threat-escalates-for-food-wildlife.ashx&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;geo=us" target="_blank"&gt;http://news.google.com/news/s&lt;wbr&gt;tory?ncl=http://www.dailystar.&lt;wbr&gt;com.lb/Culture/Lifestyle/2012/&lt;wbr&gt;Apr-12/169947-fungus-threat-&lt;wbr&gt;escalates-for-food-wildlife.&lt;wbr&gt;ashx&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;geo=us&lt;/a&gt;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt; Web - 1 new result for [food crops]&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Food Crops News 010 | Food Crops&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;FOOD CROPS, Food Crops News 010. Richmond poised to take stand on&lt;br /&gt;genetically ...&lt;br /&gt;&amp;lt;&lt;a href="http://foodcrops.wordpress.com/2012/04/12/food-crops-news-010/" target="_blank"&gt;http://foodcrops.wordpress.co&lt;wbr&gt;m/2012/04/12/food-crops-news-&lt;wbr&gt;010/&lt;/a&gt;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;h6&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;What's New on HarvestPlus&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/h6&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.harvestplus.org/content/minister-agriculture-launches-vitamin-cassava-nigeria"&gt;Minister of Agriculture Launches Vitamin A Cassava in Nigeria&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br bogus="1"&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;div&gt;Mar 19, 2012&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.harvestplus.org/content/scientists-adapt-mining-technology-breed-nutritious-food-crops"&gt;&lt;img title="" src="http://www.harvestplus.org/sites/default/files/imagecache/scale_and_crop_100_75/seed%20bank_neil%20palmer%20%28CIAT%29.jpg" alt="" height="75" width="100" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br bogus="1"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.harvestplus.org/content/scientists-adapt-mining-technology-breed-nutritious-food-crops"&gt;Scientists Adapt Mining Technology to Breed Nutritious Food Crops &lt;/a&gt;&lt;br bogus="1"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Mar 5, 2012&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.harvestplus.org/content/green-revolution-20-orange-maize-helps-feed-world"&gt;&lt;img title="" src="http://www.harvestplus.org/sites/default/files/imagecache/scale_and_crop_100_75/DSCN8610.JPG" alt="" height="75" width="100" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br bogus="1"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.harvestplus.org/content/green-revolution-20-orange-maize-helps-feed-world"&gt;Green Revolution 2.0: Orange Maize Helps Feed the World&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br bogus="1"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Feb 23, 2012&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.harvestplus.org/content/new-book-explores-way-forward-linking-agriculture-nutrition-and-health"&gt;&lt;img title="" src="http://www.harvestplus.org/sites/default/files/imagecache/scale_and_crop_100_75/oc69_0.png" alt="" height="75" width="100" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br bogus="1"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.harvestplus.org/content/new-book-explores-way-forward-linking-agriculture-nutrition-and-health"&gt;New Book Explores Way Forward for Linking Agriculture, Nutrition, and Health&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br bogus="1"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Feb 13, 2012&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.harvestplus.org/content/harvesting-results-greater-impact"&gt;&lt;img title="" src="http://www.harvestplus.org/sites/default/files/imagecache/scale_and_crop_100_75/IMG_0786.JPG" alt="" height="75" width="100" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br bogus="1"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.harvestplus.org/content/harvesting-results-greater-impact"&gt;Harvesting Results for Greater Impact&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br bogus="1"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Jan 25, 2012&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.harvestplus.org/content/biofortification-gains-momentum-brazil"&gt;Biofortification Gains Momentum in Brazil&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br bogus="1"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Dec 29, 2011&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Vietnam Travel&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;Visit to Vietnam: Dalat&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;iframe src="http://www.youtube.com/embed/Z4G0Vh1vd6g" allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="360" width="640"&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p id="watch-uploader-info"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Uploaded by &lt;a href="http://www.youtube.com/user/PrasaaraNa" rel="author"&gt;PrasaaraNa&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;"In  the spring of 2011 I went to Vietnam after graduating. My next stop  after Saigon was the mountain town of Dalat. Positioned at about 4,800  feet, the climate is dry and temperate -- colder than I was expecting in  fact. It is one of the major tourist towns in Vietnam, particularly  with Vietnamese tourists. "&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;see more &lt;a href="http://http//foodcrops.wordpress.com/"&gt;FOOD CROPS NEWS&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Trở về trang chính&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;a href="http://cayluongthuc.blogspot.com/"&gt;CÂY LƯƠNG THỰC&lt;/a&gt;; &lt;a href="http://foodcrops.vn/"&gt;FOOD CROPS&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://fa.hcmuaf.edu.vn/hoangkim"&gt;Dạy và học ĐHNLHCM&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://dayvahoc.blogtiengviet.net/"&gt;Dạy và học BlogtiengViet&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://giadinhnongnghiep.wordpress.com/"&gt;Gia đình nông nghiệp&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://hoangkimvietnam.wordpress.com/"&gt;NGỌC PHƯƠNG NAM&lt;/a&gt;,&lt;a href="http://dayvahoc.blogspot.com/"&gt; DẠY VÀ HỌC&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;FOOD CROPS
www.foodcrops.blogspot.com&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/4930984968650892465-1118464898848674732?l=foodcrops.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/FoodCrops/~4/DOaN1H2grhs" height="1" width="1"/&gt;</description><app:edited xmlns:app="http://www.w3.org/2007/app">2012-04-12T17:12:19.466+07:00</app:edited><media:thumbnail url="http://img.youtube.com/vi/Z4G0Vh1vd6g/default.jpg" height="72" width="72" /><thr:total xmlns:thr="http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0">0</thr:total><feedburner:origLink>http://foodcrops.blogspot.com/2012/04/food-crops-news-and-vietnam-travel.html</feedburner:origLink></item><item><title>Food Crops News</title><link>http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/FoodCrops/~3/XxmxT02CLAU/food-crops-news.html</link><category>Food Crops News</category><author>hoangkim_vietnam@yahoo.com (hoangkimvietnam and hoanglong)</author><pubDate>Mon, 09 Apr 2012 02:09:19 PDT</pubDate><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4930984968650892465.post-7217781025970423949</guid><description>&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;Uganda to market first GM crop in 2014&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;East African&lt;br /&gt;Yona Baguma, a senior research officer at NARO says ongoing trials on&lt;br /&gt;bananas, cassava, maize, cotton and potatoes are promising and once&lt;br /&gt;licensed GM crops have the potential to give Ugandans food security while&lt;br /&gt;widening the export base.&lt;br /&gt;&amp;lt;&lt;a href="http://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/news/Uganda+to+market+first+GM+crop+in+2014/-/2558/1381676/-/igl43lz/-/" target="_blank"&gt;http://www.theeastafrican.co.&lt;wbr&gt;ke/news/Uganda+to+market+first&lt;wbr&gt;+GM+crop+in+2014/-/2558/138167&lt;wbr&gt;6/-/igl43lz/-/&lt;/a&gt;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;See all stories on this topic:&lt;br /&gt;&amp;lt;&lt;a href="http://news.google.com/news/story?ncl=http://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/news/Uganda%2Bto%2Bmarket%2Bfirst%2BGM%2Bcrop%2Bin%2B2014/-/2558/1381676/-/igl43lz/-/&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;geo=us" target="_blank"&gt;http://news.google.com/news/s&lt;wbr&gt;tory?ncl=http://www.theeastafr&lt;wbr&gt;ican.co.ke/news/Uganda%2Bto%&lt;wbr&gt;2Bmarket%2Bfirst%2BGM%2Bcrop%&lt;wbr&gt;2Bin%2B2014/-/2558/1381676/-/&lt;wbr&gt;igl43lz/-/&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;geo=us&lt;/a&gt;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;Corn prices have a ripple effect on agriculture sector&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Columbia Daily Tribune&lt;br /&gt;The result is likely to be the largest corn crop ever, with big&lt;br /&gt;implications not just for the corn market but for the entire agricultural&lt;br /&gt;sector. High corn prices are providing a strong signal to farmers to&lt;br /&gt;increase corn production.&lt;br /&gt;&amp;lt;&lt;a href="http://www.columbiatribune.com/news/2012/apr/07/corn-prices-have-a-ripple-effect-on-agriculture/" target="_blank"&gt;http://www.columbiatribune.co&lt;wbr&gt;m/news/2012/apr/07/corn-prices&lt;wbr&gt;-have-a-ripple-effect-on-&lt;wbr&gt;agriculture/&lt;/a&gt;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;See all stories on this topic:&lt;br /&gt;&amp;lt;&lt;a href="http://news.google.com/news/story?ncl=http://www.columbiatribune.com/news/2012/apr/07/corn-prices-have-a-ripple-effect-on-agriculture/&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;geo=us" target="_blank"&gt;http://news.google.com/news/s&lt;wbr&gt;tory?ncl=http://www.columbiatr&lt;wbr&gt;ibune.com/news/2012/apr/07/&lt;wbr&gt;corn-prices-have-a-ripple-&lt;wbr&gt;effect-on-agriculture/&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;&lt;wbr&gt;geo=us&lt;/a&gt;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;Send comments | Email to friend | Print this page&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;City Journal.in&lt;br /&gt;It is laudable that a substantial segment of people in the lower rungs of&lt;br /&gt;the society continue to be the mainstay in the creation food crops, in the&lt;br /&gt;face of several hurdles along the phase of farming activity. However such&lt;br /&gt;painstaking achievements are ...&lt;br /&gt;&amp;lt;&lt;a href="http://www.cityjournal.in/Newspaper/20120408/Home/editorial.html" target="_blank"&gt;http://www.cityjournal.in/New&lt;wbr&gt;spaper/20120408/Home/editorial&lt;wbr&gt;.html&lt;/a&gt;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;See all stories on this topic:&lt;br /&gt;&amp;lt;&lt;a href="http://news.google.com/news/story?ncl=http://www.cityjournal.in/Newspaper/20120408/Home/editorial.html&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;geo=us" target="_blank"&gt;http://news.google.com/news/s&lt;wbr&gt;tory?ncl=http://www.cityjourna&lt;wbr&gt;l.in/Newspaper/20120408/Home/&lt;wbr&gt;editorial.html&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;geo=us&lt;/a&gt;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;On the Welsh food trail with foodie Giles Coren&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;WalesOnline (blog)&lt;br /&gt;When farmers lived and worked day in, day out with their crops and their&lt;br /&gt;animals, they were able to read the conditions, and produced the sort of&lt;br /&gt;wholesome, healthy food that Wales was built on. In new BBC series Our&lt;br /&gt;Food, food critic, presenter and ...&lt;br /&gt;&amp;lt;&lt;a href="http://www.walesonline.co.uk/showbiz-and-lifestyle/television-in-wales/2012/04/07/on-the-welsh-food-trail-with-foodie-giles-coren-91466-30700614/" target="_blank"&gt;http://www.walesonline.co.uk/&lt;wbr&gt;showbiz-and-lifestyle/televisi&lt;wbr&gt;on-in-wales/2012/04/07/on-the-&lt;wbr&gt;welsh-food-trail-with-foodie-&lt;wbr&gt;giles-coren-91466-30700614/&lt;/a&gt;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;See all stories on this topic:&lt;br /&gt;&amp;lt;&lt;a href="http://news.google.com/news/story?ncl=http://www.walesonline.co.uk/showbiz-and-lifestyle/television-in-wales/2012/04/07/on-the-welsh-food-trail-with-foodie-giles-coren-91466-30700614/&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;geo=us" target="_blank"&gt;http://news.google.com/news/s&lt;wbr&gt;tory?ncl=http://www.walesonlin&lt;wbr&gt;e.co.uk/showbiz-and-lifestyle/&lt;wbr&gt;television-in-wales/2012/04/&lt;wbr&gt;07/on-the-welsh-food-trail-&lt;wbr&gt;with-foodie-giles-coren-91466-&lt;wbr&gt;30700614/&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;geo=us&lt;/a&gt;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;Spring brings a new start for Ambler Farm&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Wilton Bulletin&lt;br /&gt;It's important to remember, he said, “a lot of the food we eat is grown&lt;br /&gt;to survive the winter.” Today's consumer expects warm-weather fruits and&lt;br /&gt;vegetables year-round, but before there were crops with long shelf lives&lt;br /&gt;and air cargo, “you had to have ...&lt;br /&gt;&amp;lt;&lt;a href="http://www.acorn-online.com/joomla15/wiltonbulletin/news/localnews/119041-spring-brings-a-new-start-for-ambler-farm.html" target="_blank"&gt;http://www.acorn-online.com/j&lt;wbr&gt;oomla15/wiltonbulletin/news/lo&lt;wbr&gt;calnews/119041-spring-brings-&lt;wbr&gt;a-new-start-for-ambler-farm.&lt;wbr&gt;html&lt;/a&gt;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;See all stories on this topic:&lt;br /&gt;&amp;lt;&lt;a href="http://news.google.com/news/story?ncl=http://www.acorn-online.com/joomla15/wiltonbulletin/news/localnews/119041-spring-brings-a-new-start-for-ambler-farm.html&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;geo=us" target="_blank"&gt;http://news.google.com/news/s&lt;wbr&gt;tory?ncl=http://www.acorn-onli&lt;wbr&gt;ne.com/joomla15/wiltonbulletin&lt;wbr&gt;/news/localnews/119041-spring-&lt;wbr&gt;brings-a-new-start-for-ambler-&lt;wbr&gt;farm.html&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;geo=us&lt;/a&gt;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"&gt;Web - 3 new results for [food crops]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;OG13: Genetic manipulation of food crops&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The Beat The GMAT Forum - Expert GMAT Help &amp;amp; MBA Admissions Advice : OG13:&lt;br /&gt;Genetic manipulation of food crops.&lt;br /&gt;&amp;lt;&lt;a href="http://www.beatthegmat.com/og13-genetic-manipulation-of-food-crops-t109761.html" target="_blank"&gt;http://www.beatthegmat.com/og&lt;wbr&gt;13-genetic-manipulation-of-foo&lt;wbr&gt;d-crops-t109761.html&lt;/a&gt;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;Posts Tagged 'food crops' - American Preppers Network&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Posts Tagged 'food crops'. Standard view | Text only view | View headlines&lt;br /&gt;only. View results: Order results: Recently published, Last modified,&lt;br /&gt;Alphabetically ...&lt;br /&gt;&amp;lt;&lt;a href="http://americanpreppersnetwork.com/tag/food-crops" target="_blank"&gt;http://americanpreppersnetwor&lt;wbr&gt;k.com/tag/food-crops&lt;/a&gt;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;Grow Your Own Food – Edible Native Plants for New England&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;If you've joined the grow-your-own movement and would like to include some&lt;br /&gt;native New England food plants into your landscape, here are some&lt;br /&gt;suggestions ...&lt;br /&gt;&amp;lt;&lt;a href="http://nativeplantwildlifegarden.com/grow-your-own-edible-native-plants-for-new-england/" target="_blank"&gt;http://nativeplantwildlifegar&lt;wbr&gt;den.com/grow-your-own-edible-&lt;wbr&gt;native-plants-for-new-england/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://foodcrops.wordpress.com/"&gt;VIETNAM TRAVEL &lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://foodcrops.wordpress.com/travel/"&gt;Vietnam Travel and Tourism&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;iframe src="http://www.youtube.com/embed/hgXLa_8Aggc" allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="360" width="480"&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div id=":ow"&gt;&lt;wbr&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;see more  &lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt; &lt;a href="https://foodcrops.wordpress.com/"&gt;FOOD CROPS&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=" ;font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:medium;"  &gt;&lt;strong&gt;Trở về trang chính&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=" ;font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:medium;"  &gt;&lt;strong&gt; &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;a href="http://cayluongthuc.blogspot.com/"&gt;CÂY LƯƠNG THỰC&lt;/a&gt;; &lt;a href="http://foodcrops.vn/"&gt;FOOD CROPS&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=" ;font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:medium;"  &gt; &lt;a href="http://fa.hcmuaf.edu.vn/hoangkim"&gt;Dạy và học ĐHNLHCM&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=" ;font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:medium;"  &gt; &lt;a href="http://dayvahoc.blogtiengviet.net/"&gt;Dạy và học BlogtiengViet&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=" ;font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:medium;"  &gt; &lt;a href="http://giadinhnongnghiep.wordpress.com/"&gt;Gia đình nông nghiệp&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=" ;font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:medium;"  &gt; &lt;a href="http://hoangkimvietnam.wordpress.com/"&gt;NGỌC PHƯƠNG NAM&lt;/a&gt;,&lt;a href="http://dayvahoc.blogspot.com/"&gt; DẠY VÀ HỌC&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;FOOD CROPS
www.foodcrops.blogspot.com&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/4930984968650892465-7217781025970423949?l=foodcrops.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/FoodCrops/~4/XxmxT02CLAU" height="1" width="1"/&gt;</description><app:edited xmlns:app="http://www.w3.org/2007/app">2012-04-09T16:09:19.196+07:00</app:edited><media:thumbnail url="http://img.youtube.com/vi/hgXLa_8Aggc/default.jpg" height="72" width="72" /><thr:total xmlns:thr="http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0">0</thr:total><feedburner:origLink>http://foodcrops.blogspot.com/2012/04/food-crops-news.html</feedburner:origLink></item><item><title>Cassava for Biofuel in Vietnam</title><link>http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/FoodCrops/~3/1skV7-xSAyM/cassava-for-biofuel-in-vietnam.html</link><category>Cassava for Biofuel in Vietnam</category><author>hoangkim_vietnam@yahoo.com (hoangkimvietnam and hoanglong)</author><pubDate>Sat, 16 Apr 2011 15:00:10 PDT</pubDate><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4930984968650892465.post-2865881939907294393</guid><description>&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-EBiKAJ7YUqM/Tal8YKXzUQI/AAAAAAAAIJg/WcQvZMeVQZI/s1600/Cassava+for+biofuel+1.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="302" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-EBiKAJ7YUqM/Tal8YKXzUQI/AAAAAAAAIJg/WcQvZMeVQZI/s400/Cassava+for+biofuel+1.png" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
CROPS FOR BIOFUEL This paper to supply&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: VI; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"&gt;the &lt;span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"&gt;final  report for three years (2008-2010) research and development of cassava  varieties and new techniques at pilot site selection in Dong Nai, Tay  Ninh, Ninh Thuan and Yen Bai province, a production map of cassava for  biofuel in Vietnam&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="VI" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: VI; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"&gt;: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="longtext"&gt;&lt;span style="background: white; font-family: VNI-Times; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"&gt;opportunities and challenges&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; font-size: 11pt;"&gt;, and recommendation for next step.&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.0pt; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 11.0pt;"&gt;Hoang Kim&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=7573646201526999073#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title=""&gt;&lt;span class="MsoFootnoteReference"&gt;&lt;i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: VNI-Times;"&gt;&lt;span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"&gt;&lt;span class="MsoFootnoteReference"&gt;&lt;b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: VNI-Times; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"&gt;[1]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 11.0pt;"&gt;, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; font-size: 11.0pt;"&gt;Nguyen Van Bo&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=7573646201526999073#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title=""&gt;&lt;span class="MsoFootnoteReference"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; font-size: 11.0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"&gt;&lt;span class="MsoFootnoteReference"&gt;&lt;b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"&gt;[2]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: VI;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 11.0pt;"&gt;Rod Lefroy, Keith Fahrney&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt; Hernan Ceballos, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"&gt;&lt;span lang="VI" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: VI;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 11.0pt;"&gt;Nguyen Phuong, Tran Cong Khanh, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; font-size: 11.0pt;"&gt;Nguyen Trong Hien&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: VI;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 11.0pt;"&gt;,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: VI;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; font-size: 11.0pt;"&gt;Hoang Long &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;span lang="VI" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: VI;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang="VI" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: VI;"&gt;Vo Van Quang&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=7573646201526999073#_ftn3" name="_ftnref3" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn3;" title=""&gt;&lt;span class="MsoFootnoteReference"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; font-size: 11.0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"&gt;&lt;span class="MsoFootnoteReference"&gt;&lt;b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"&gt;[3]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; font-size: 11.0pt;"&gt;,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"&gt;&lt;span lang="VI" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: VI;"&gt;Nguyen Thi Thien Phuong&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 11.0pt;"&gt;, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"&gt;&lt;span lang="VI" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: VI;"&gt;Nguyen Thi Le Dung&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; font-size: 11.0pt;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Bui Huy Hop, Trinh Van My, Le Thi Yen&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 11.0pt;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="Tenbang"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-line-height-alt: 1.4pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; font-size: 11.0pt;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
INTRODUCTION&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"&gt;&lt;span lang="VI" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: VI;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="longtext"&gt;&lt;span style="background: white; font-size: 11.0pt;"&gt;Three urgent issues of global are energy crisis, environmental risk and food security&lt;span style="color: blue;"&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="longtext"&gt;&lt;span style="background: white; color: blue; font-size: 13.0pt;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;"&gt;The  International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics  (ICRISAT) received grant funding from the International Fund for  Agricultural Development (IFAD) to implement this project, which is also  known as the “Programme for Linking the Poor to Global Markets:  Pro-poor Development of Biofuel Supply Chains,” but will hereafter be  referred to as the “IFAD Biofuels Project”, during a three-year period,  between Jan.2008 to Dec. 2010.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; font-size: 11.0pt;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;"&gt;The objective&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;"&gt;  of the project is to integrate improved cultivars of biofuel crops in  smallholder farming systems to provide an alternative source of income,  while meeting the varied needs of rural communities for food security  and animal feeds. The project will work on three continents, with three  major crops as feedstock for biofuels: sweet sorghum (in India, the  Philippines, and Mali), cassava (in China, Colombia, and Viet  Nam), and  jatropha (in India and Mali).&lt;span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;A detailed description of the project is found in the project design document, which was submitted to IFAD in Dec&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="VI" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: VI;"&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;"&gt; 2007&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="VI" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: VI;"&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;"&gt;ICRISAT  is the Programme Executing Agency, responsible to the project’s donor  (IFAD). CIAT will manage the cassava research component of the IFAD  Biofuels Project in partnership with the Viet Nam Cassava Programme  (VNCP) in Viet Nam (including VAAS and NLU) , the Guangxi Subtropical  Crops Research Institute (GSCRI) in China, and the Latin American and  Caribbean Consortium to Support Cassava Research and Development  (CLAYUCA) in Colombia.&lt;span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Two  sections of CIAT are involved in the IFAD Biofuels Project, namely the  CIAT Cassava Program based in Colombia and the CIAT Asia Regional Office  based in the Lao PDR&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="VI" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: VI;"&gt;, Co&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;"&gt;mponents of the cassava research programme the following&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: VI;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;"&gt;Breeding&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="VI" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: VI;"&gt;, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;"&gt;Varietal Evaluation&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="VI" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: VI;"&gt;, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;"&gt;Agronomy, Crop Management&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="VI" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: VI;"&gt;, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;"&gt;Analysis of Livelihood Systems&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="VI" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: VI;"&gt;, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;"&gt;Assessment of Market Linkages&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="VI" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: VI;"&gt;, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;"&gt;Models for decentralized bioethanol production&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="VI" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: VI;"&gt;, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;"&gt;Waste management&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="VI" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: VI;"&gt;, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;"&gt;Knowledge Sharing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="VI" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: VI;"&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; font-size: 11.0pt;"&gt;This paper to supply&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: VI;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; font-size: 11.0pt;"&gt;the&lt;b&gt; &lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"&gt;final  report for three years research and development of cassava varieties  and new techniques at pilot site selection in Dong Nai, Tay Ninh, Ninh  Thuan and Yen Bai province, a production map of cassava for biofuel in  Vietnam&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="VI" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: VI; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"&gt;: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="longtext"&gt;&lt;span style="background: white; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"&gt;opportunities and challenges&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"&gt;, and recommendation for next step.&lt;span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; font-size: 11pt;"&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="VI" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: VI;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-TksDM7BbMY4/Tal9LH-9FVI/AAAAAAAAIJk/e3nEEcXrkso/s1600/Cassava+for+biofuel+2.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="300" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-TksDM7BbMY4/Tal9LH-9FVI/AAAAAAAAIJk/e3nEEcXrkso/s400/Cassava+for+biofuel+2.png" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; font-size: 11.0pt;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang="VI" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: VI;"&gt;BRIEF RESULTS AND R&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; font-size: 11.0pt;"&gt;ECENT ADVANCES &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: VI;"&gt;&lt;span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; font-size: 11.0pt;"&gt;OF &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang="VI" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: VI;"&gt;CASSAVA FOR BIOFUEL &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; font-size: 11.0pt;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-pBv1E-aoCwM/TamEVvpu69I/AAAAAAAAIJ0/g4nL50nyMjk/s1600/Cassava+for+Biofuel+6b.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="240" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-pBv1E-aoCwM/TamEVvpu69I/AAAAAAAAIJ0/g4nL50nyMjk/s320/Cassava+for+Biofuel+6b.JPG" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="longtext"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 11.0pt;"&gt;Cassava production in 2009 in Vietnam reached 9.45 million tons from 1.99 million tons of production in 2000. &lt;span style="background: white;"&gt;It  is the result of the expansion area from 237,600 ha to 560,400 ha and  the yield from 8.36 tones / ha in 2000 to 16.90 tons / ha in 2009.  Vietnam has made rapid technical progress in Asia in the selection and  breeding of cassava. This progressive is due to many factors but the  main factor is the achievement of breeding and cross breeding of  cassava. Productivity of cassava production in many provinces had  doubled by planting new cassava varieties and high yield cultivation  techniques applied cassava appropriate and sustainable. &lt;/span&gt;Area of &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="longtext"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Cambria Math&amp;quot;; font-size: 11.0pt;"&gt;​​&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="longtext"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 11.0pt;"&gt;new cassava varieties cultivated over the whole country is 500,000 ha, mainly KM94, KM140, KM98-5, KM98-1, SM937-26, KM98-7. &lt;span style="background: white;"&gt;Cassava  chip and cassava starch have a high competitive advantage and market  potential of cassava. The combination of development and production of  cassava as starch processing, animal feed and bio-ethanol has created  more jobs, increase exports, attract foreign investment and contributed  to industrialization, &lt;/span&gt;modernization of some rural areas.(Hoang Kim, Nguyen Van Bo et al. 2010).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-3vTAt-vG4aE/Tal9sMiciVI/AAAAAAAAIJo/LBaMb57lsR4/s1600/Cassava+for+biofuel+3.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="239" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-3vTAt-vG4aE/Tal9sMiciVI/AAAAAAAAIJo/LBaMb57lsR4/s320/Cassava+for+biofuel+3.png" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="longtext"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 11pt;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="longtext"&gt;&lt;span lang="VI" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: VI;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-jIVXZa5JKCo/Tal-TW86arI/AAAAAAAAIJs/UWIkKG1kknc/s1600/Cassava+for+biofuel+4.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="232" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-jIVXZa5JKCo/Tal-TW86arI/AAAAAAAAIJs/UWIkKG1kknc/s320/Cassava+for+biofuel+4.png" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-Trgqbho9-Jo/Tal_INNlHRI/AAAAAAAAIJw/-30z0743dGM/s1600/Cassava+for+biofuel+5.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="236" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-Trgqbho9-Jo/Tal_INNlHRI/AAAAAAAAIJw/-30z0743dGM/s320/Cassava+for+biofuel+5.png" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-NJDJDQqESk8/TamFLFwcc2I/AAAAAAAAIJ4/nxj4A_OQbrY/s1600/Cassava+for+biofuel+6a.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="240" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-NJDJDQqESk8/TamFLFwcc2I/AAAAAAAAIJ4/nxj4A_OQbrY/s320/Cassava+for+biofuel+6a.JPG" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="longtext"&gt;&lt;span lang="VI" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: VI;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="longtext"&gt;&lt;span style="background: white; font-size: 11.0pt;"&gt;The  study on testing of breeding and introduction from the CIAT cassava is  suitable for ethanol production targets being made bio in the Vietnam  Cassava Program. With 24,073 cassava seeds introduced from CIAT, 37,210  cassava hybrid seeds made in Vietnam, 38 authors varieties and 31 local  varieties of cassava have selected 98 prospected varieties. Three  varieties KM140, KM98 and KM98-7-5 were released in the 2007-2009  period. The new cassava varieties KM419, KM414, KM397, KM228, KM325,  KM318, KM297, KM21-12, SC5, HB60 are currently testing in Dong Nai, Tay  Ninh, Ninh Thuan and Yen Bai (Hoang Kim et al. 2010)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="longtext"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 11.0pt;"&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 11.0pt;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="longtext"&gt;&lt;b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"&gt;&lt;span style="background: white; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; font-size: 11.0pt;"&gt;CASSAVA FOR BIOFUEL IN VIETNAM: OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="longtext"&gt;&lt;b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"&gt;&lt;span style="background: white; font-size: 11.0pt;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"&gt;&lt;span style="background: white; font-size: 16.0pt;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class="longtext"&gt;&lt;b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"&gt;&lt;span style="background: white; font-size: 11.0pt;"&gt;Cassava development for bio-fuel is the golden opportunity for the farmers in rural of Vietnam. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="longtext"&gt;&lt;span style="background: white; font-size: 11.0pt;"&gt;Three  urgent issues of global are energy crisis, environmental risk and food  security. Brazil is open towards bio-fuel production in 40 years so far  has been entirely self-sufficient fuel in the country that does not face  famine situation. There are five countries have developed bio-fuels  program in large-scale: U.S. (18.4 billion liters per year), Brazil  (17.0 billion liters per year), China (3.8 billion liters per year),  India (1.9 billion liters per year) and France (0.9 billion liters per  year). Currently, seventeen countries have been the evolution of  bio-fuels. Americans spent 7.0 million ha of corn and 3.4 million ha of  soy-been per year, up to 90% of the area of &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="longtext"&gt;&lt;span style="background: white; font-family: &amp;quot;Cambria Math&amp;quot;; font-size: 11.0pt;"&gt;​​&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="longtext"&gt;&lt;span style="background: white; font-size: 11.0pt;"&gt;genetically modified plants for this program. Cassava for bio-fuel has the advantage of high in many Asian countries. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="background: white; font-size: 11.0pt;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class="longtext"&gt;Cassava as raw materials for bio-fuels processing  is the golden opportunity for Vietnam famers to increase their income.  Reasons: 1) Cassava has a high yield of alcohol (six kg of fresh cassava  tubers are processed one liter of alcohol) the price of biological  material from cassava cheaper than other crops. 2) Cassava is a large  volume of products. National cassava production reached almost 10  million tons of fresh. 3) Cassava is easy to grow, little cocoon of land  with low cost investment in the appropriate economic conditions of many  poor farmers. 4) Cassava varieties offered good and appropriate  cultivation techniques. 5) Cassava has attractive profit. It has  approximately 10-25 million per hectare. 6) Cassava price is stable  outlook due to high demand for cassava export market and domestic  consumption. Cassava areas of Vietnam are very close to China, the  world's largest cassava market. Moreover, six ethanol factories in Phu  Tho, Quang Nam, Quang Ngai, Binh Phuoc, Dong Nai and Dak Nong are  building with a total capacity of 550 million liters of ethanol per  year. 7) Vietnam farmers are hardworking, energetic, have accumulated  much experience increased productivity and efficiency economic  advantages of cassava reached high compared with other countries in the  region. Cassava growing to supply the bio-fuel factories with  competitive prices attractive acquisition will help farmers to increase  their income. It creates new industries and products in rural areas,  formation of industrial clusters and urban ecology, increase employment  and livelihood for people, open countryside towards improving social  life. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="longtext"&gt;&lt;span lang="VI" style="background: white; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: VI;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="longtext"&gt;&lt;b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 11.0pt;"&gt;Environmentally friendly issues and food security &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="longtext"&gt;&lt;span style="background: white; font-size: 11.0pt;"&gt;The  survey results of the Institute of Policy and Strategy for Agriculture  and Rural Development (Nguyen Anh Phong 2010) suggests: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="longtext"&gt;&lt;span style="background: white; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: VI;"&gt;&lt;span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="longtext"&gt;&lt;span style="background: white; font-size: 11.0pt;"&gt;Cassava  area up to now has exceeded the government's plan. However, it was  small, scattered and lack organizational effectiveness. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="longtext"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 11.0pt;"&gt;Maintaining  the cassava area is now planned by the Ministry of Agriculture and  Rural Development will cause a local scarcity of cassava and seasonal  ingredients for bio-ethanol competition will push prices higher cassava.  The process of sustainable cultivation of cassava is available, but  little has been applied by the spontaneous production, heavy  exploitation of natural resources. Competitive land with cassava crops,  sugarcane and forest land has taken place. &lt;span style="background: white;"&gt;In the future, needs of cassava for bio-fuel production maintained at a high level. &lt;/span&gt;Demand for meat and meat products as well as feed demand are also expected to increase in Vietnam.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="longtext"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: VI;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="longtext"&gt;&lt;b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 11.0pt;"&gt;Some recommendations &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="longtext"&gt;&lt;span style="background: white; font-size: 11.0pt;"&gt;Need  to review and adjust the plan in case the current status of cassava  area was beyond the planning in several provinces. Production planning  for medium and long term vision should identify the competitive  advantage of the province / region to develop main cassava areas and the  infrastructure associated to the processing industry to ensure  environmental mitigation.The enterprise has the commitment of the  province when the building materials applied to ensure applying good  varieties, sustainable farming systems, minimize environmental impact  for the region in main cassava station. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="longtext"&gt;&lt;b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"&gt;&lt;span lang="VI" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: VI;"&gt;; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="longtext"&gt;&lt;span style="background: white; font-size: 11.0pt;"&gt;Enterprises should also commit to the farmers in the area of &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="longtext"&gt;&lt;span style="background: white; font-family: &amp;quot;Cambria Math&amp;quot;; font-size: 11.0pt;"&gt;​​&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="longtext"&gt;&lt;span style="background: white; font-size: 11.0pt;"&gt;raw  materials to ensure stable raw materials for the business but also  ensure income for farmers. This commitment can be regarded as a  conditions as approved by the provincial planning of material areas for  cassava processing. Building and developing the manufacturing sector  focus should be accompanied with infrastructure development, especially  water pumping systems, water supplies, roads and pollution treatment  equipment (such as channel systems and wastewater discharge filtration)  with the supervision and support of professional bodies and governments  at all levels. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-cRmlVvgVphM/TamFp3jrH5I/AAAAAAAAIJ8/iqXD2t8rWPs/s1600/Cassava+for+biofuel+6.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="185" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-cRmlVvgVphM/TamFp3jrH5I/AAAAAAAAIJ8/iqXD2t8rWPs/s400/Cassava+for+biofuel+6.png" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="longtext"&gt;&lt;span style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white; font-size: 11pt;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="longtext"&gt;&lt;span lang="VI" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: VI;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-PkgYKm5NEf0/TamGBIJPcsI/AAAAAAAAIKA/dLX6Ta5QReA/s1600/Cassava+for+biofuel+7.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="271" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-PkgYKm5NEf0/TamGBIJPcsI/AAAAAAAAIKA/dLX6Ta5QReA/s400/Cassava+for+biofuel+7.png" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-5rR7FNMm8Rs/TamGXP5IDGI/AAAAAAAAIKE/Uf7yA1-RUMs/s1600/Cassava+for+biofuel+8.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="301" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-5rR7FNMm8Rs/TamGXP5IDGI/AAAAAAAAIKE/Uf7yA1-RUMs/s400/Cassava+for+biofuel+8.png" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-MEyT9USvplk/TamJvijsN2I/AAAAAAAAIKI/8Go95OFl1GU/s1600/Cassava+for+biofuel+999.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="290" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-MEyT9USvplk/TamJvijsN2I/AAAAAAAAIKI/8Go95OFl1GU/s400/Cassava+for+biofuel+999.JPG" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-mPkEOLxA7rM/TamM5lMz7EI/AAAAAAAAIKM/Xx3p9dKrQsQ/s1600/Cassava+for+biofuel+9999.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="213" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-mPkEOLxA7rM/TamM5lMz7EI/AAAAAAAAIKM/Xx3p9dKrQsQ/s400/Cassava+for+biofuel+9999.jpg" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="longtext"&gt;&lt;b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 11.0pt;"&gt;FIVE MAJOR SOLUTIONS FOR DEVELOPING CASSAVA &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="longtext"&gt;&lt;span style="background: white; font-size: 11.0pt;"&gt;After  twenty years of research, extension (1991-2010) Vietnam cassava plant  was quickly converted from food crops to industrial crops. Cassava is  now promising crop for both export and domestic use. Vietnam &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="longtext"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 11.0pt;"&gt;Cassava Program has agreed five solutions to develop cassava: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 11.0pt;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class="longtext"&gt;1. &lt;span style="background: white;"&gt;Determining  the appropriate strategy of research and development in collaboration  with the cassava processing factories to set the resource sector is  stable, using cassava for bio-ethanol production. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="background: white; font-size: 11.0pt;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="longtext"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 11.0pt;"&gt;2. &lt;span style="background: white;"&gt;Creation  and dissemination of selected cassava varieties with high fresh yield,  high percentage of dry matter and high starch content, less infected  aphids, pests and diseases of cassava. &lt;/span&gt;Creating hybrid cassava by  doing double haploid (DH) derived from CIAT materials, hybridization,  mutation, and transgenic cassava breeding. Selecting and developing  cassava varieties which have short growth duration, high fresh yield and  high quality.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 11.0pt;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class="longtext"&gt;3. &lt;span style="background: white;"&gt;Construction  process cassava cultivation techniques to synthesize and transfer of  farming techniques suitable for cassava farmers to increase  productivity, economic efficiency of cassava chip and cassava starch in  different ecological zones. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="longtext"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 11.0pt;"&gt;4. Research and development of cassava processing technology. &lt;span style="background: white;"&gt;Development of the domestic market and for export of cassava products.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="longtext"&gt;&lt;span style="background: white; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: VI;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="longtext"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 11.0pt;"&gt;Using cassava leaves as animal feed and food processing. &lt;span style="background: white;"&gt;Utilize substandard products of cassava starch processing and ethanol to make animal feed and fertilizer. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="longtext"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 11.0pt;"&gt;5. &lt;span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"&gt;Environmentally friendly issues and food security&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"&gt; &lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="background: white;"&gt;Bio-fuels  development from cassava should focus on building and expanding the raw  material, paying attention to environmentally friendly and food  security. The development of the program is not the direction of  improved cassava production to increase output but also to focus on  distribution systems, processing, consumption, regulate interest groups,  improving economic performance quality products, competitive advantage,  building a healthy environment and prosperous rural life. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"&gt;Key words: &lt;/b&gt;cassava&lt;span lang="VI" style="mso-ansi-language: VI;"&gt; for biofuel&lt;/span&gt;, Vietnam.&lt;span style="color: red; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-ansi-language: VI;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br clear="all" /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="mso-element: footnote-list;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;hr align="left" size="1" width="33%" /&gt;    &lt;div id="ftn1" style="mso-element: footnote;"&gt;  &lt;div class="MsoFootnoteText"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=7573646201526999073#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title=""&gt;&lt;span class="MsoFootnoteReference"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;"&gt;&lt;span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"&gt;&lt;span class="MsoFootnoteReference"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.5pt; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"&gt;[1]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt; Nong Lam University (NLU), Linh Trung, Thu Duc, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoFootnoteText"&gt;&lt;span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="mailto:hoangkim_vietnam@yahoo.com"&gt;hoangkim_vietnam@yahoo.com&lt;/a&gt;; &lt;a href="mailto:phuongdtg@yahoo.com"&gt;phuongdtg@yahoo.com&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id="ftn2" style="mso-element: footnote;"&gt;  &lt;div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="margin-right: -20.0pt;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=7573646201526999073#_ftnref2" name="_ftn2" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title=""&gt;&lt;span class="MsoFootnoteReference"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;"&gt;&lt;span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"&gt;&lt;span class="MsoFootnoteReference"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.5pt; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"&gt;[2]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;"&gt; Vietnam Academy of Agricultural Sciences (VAAS), Van Dien, Thanh Tri, Hanoi,  Vietnam&lt;span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="margin-right: -20.0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"&gt;&lt;span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"&gt;&lt;a href="mailto:nvbo@hn.vnn.vn"&gt;nvbo@hn.vnn.vn&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"&gt; ; &lt;a href="mailto:trong_hienccc@yahoo.com"&gt;trong_hienccc@yahoo.com&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoFootnoteText"&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;span style="mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"&gt;3 &lt;span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;span style="mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"&gt;International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), &lt;/span&gt;Regional Office for Asia, P.O.Box 783, Vientiane, Lao PDR; &lt;a href="mailto:r.lefroy@cgiar.org"&gt;r.lefroy@cgiar.org&lt;/a&gt;; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoFootnoteText"&gt;&lt;sup&gt;4 &lt;/sup&gt;&lt;span style="mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"&gt;International&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"&gt; Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), &lt;/span&gt;CIAT &lt;span lang="VI" style="mso-ansi-language: VI;"&gt;, &lt;/span&gt;Apartado Aereo 67-13; Cali, Colombia; &lt;a href="mailto:h.ceballos@cgiar.org"&gt;h.ceballos@cgiar.org&lt;/a&gt; &lt;span lang="VI" style="mso-ansi-language: VI;"&gt;&lt;span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;and &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="mailto:k.fahrney@cgiar.org"&gt;k.fahrney@cgiar.org&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id="ftn3" style="mso-element: footnote;"&gt;  &lt;div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="margin-right: -20.0pt;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=7573646201526999073#_ftnref3" name="_ftn3" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn3;" title=""&gt;&lt;span class="MsoFootnoteReference"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;"&gt;&lt;span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"&gt;&lt;span class="MsoFootnoteReference"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.5pt; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"&gt;[3]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;"&gt; &lt;span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"&gt;Institute&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"&gt; of Agricultural   Sciences&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"&gt; for South Vietnam (IAS),121 Nguyen Binh Khiem, district 1, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="margin-right: -20.0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"&gt;&lt;span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"&gt;&lt;a href="mailto:vovanquangvietnam@gmail.com"&gt;vovanquangvietnam@gmail.com&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="VI" style="mso-ansi-language: VI; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
See more ...&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style="color: red; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-ansi-language: VI;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: red; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://foodcrops.vn/"&gt;http://foodcrops.vn&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/span&gt;   &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: red; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://cropsforbiofuel.blogspot.com/"&gt;&lt;span lang="VI" style="mso-ansi-language: VI;"&gt;http://cropsforbiofuel.blogspot.com&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="VI" style="color: red; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: VI; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"&gt;; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: red; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"&gt;&lt;span lang="VI" style="mso-ansi-language: VI;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: red; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://cassavaviet.blogspot.com/"&gt;&lt;span lang="VI"&gt;http://cassavaviet.blogspot.com&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="VI" style="color: red; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: VI; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"&gt;;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span lang="VI" style="color: red; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; font-size: 10pt;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: red; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://foodcrops.blogspot.com/"&gt;&lt;span lang="VI" style="mso-ansi-language: VI;"&gt;http://foodcrops.blogspot.com&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;FOOD CROPS
www.foodcrops.blogspot.com&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/4930984968650892465-2865881939907294393?l=foodcrops.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/FoodCrops/~4/1skV7-xSAyM" height="1" width="1"/&gt;</description><app:edited xmlns:app="http://www.w3.org/2007/app">2011-04-17T05:00:10.521+07:00</app:edited><media:thumbnail url="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-EBiKAJ7YUqM/Tal8YKXzUQI/AAAAAAAAIJg/WcQvZMeVQZI/s72-c/Cassava+for+biofuel+1.png" height="72" width="72" /><thr:total xmlns:thr="http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0">2</thr:total><feedburner:origLink>http://foodcrops.blogspot.com/2011/04/cassava-for-biofuel-in-vietnam.html</feedburner:origLink></item><item><title>Happy New Year 2011 to all my friends</title><link>http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/FoodCrops/~3/J3wDWuJACys/happy-new-year-2011-to-all-my-friends.html</link><category>Happy New Year 2011 to all my friends</category><author>hoangkim_vietnam@yahoo.com (hoangkimvietnam and hoanglong)</author><pubDate>Mon, 11 Apr 2011 09:00:37 PDT</pubDate><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4930984968650892465.post-6241192243737992521</guid><description>&lt;h3 style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/TR6Y-n-3BEI/AAAAAAAAH8U/ocR1qyc22WU/s1600/Trang+doi+rong+mo.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;div style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/TS5IPl1eZqI/AAAAAAAAH9o/0x09H8RCcKQ/s1600/Chuc+mung+nam+moi+2011.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="239" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/TS5IPl1eZqI/AAAAAAAAH9o/0x09H8RCcKQ/s320/Chuc+mung+nam+moi+2011.jpg" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/TR6nNkvoPPI/AAAAAAAAH8Y/4w8Is6ozQZk/s1600/Giai+Nhat+VIFOTEC+2010.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/TR6nNkvoPPI/AAAAAAAAH8Y/4w8Is6ozQZk/s1600/Giai+Nhat+VIFOTEC+2010.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="213" src="https://sites.google.com/site/hoangkimsite/_/rsrc/1289492696199/Home/CNM%2002.jpg?height=213&amp;amp;width=320" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify" dir="ltr" style="font-family: inherit;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;rice, maize, cassava, sweet potato, farm and farming&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Food  crops&lt;/b&gt; are crops that used for food products for humans, the major  sources of carbohydrates for energy and carbohydrate in diets.The main  food crops of the world are corn (&lt;i&gt;Zea&lt;/i&gt; Mays L.), rice (&lt;i&gt;Oryza sativa&lt;/i&gt; L.), wheat (&lt;i&gt;Triticum&lt;/i&gt; sp.), cassava (&lt;i&gt;Manihot esculenta&lt;/i&gt; Crantz), potato (&lt;i&gt;Solanum tuberosum&lt;/i&gt; L.),Barley (&lt;i&gt;Hordeum vulgare&lt;/i&gt; L.), sweet potato (&lt;i&gt;Ipomoea batatas&lt;/i&gt; L.) sorghum (&lt;i&gt;Sorghum&lt;/i&gt; sp.), millet (&lt;i&gt;Setaria&lt;/i&gt; L. Beauv , &lt;i&gt;Panicum miliaceum&lt;/i&gt; L., &lt;i&gt;Eleusine coracana&lt;/i&gt;  L. Gaertn), Corn, rice and wheat account for about 89% of global food  production and about 45% calories from all food . The main food crops in  Vietnam as rice (7,414,000 ha), maize (1,125,000ha) , cassava (556,000  ha) and sweet potato (162,000 ha) by 2008.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
see more ... &lt;br /&gt;
FOOD CROPS &lt;a href="https://sites.google.com/site/hoangkimsite/goog_1373479349"&gt;http://foodcrops.blogspot.com/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Current Feed Content &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href="https://sites.google.com/site/hoangkimsite/goog_1373479350"&gt;http://feeds.feedburner.com/FoodCrops&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;div style="display: block; text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;a href="https://sites.google.com/site/hoangkimsite/Home/CNM%2006.jpg?attredirects=0"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="170" src="https://sites.google.com/site/hoangkimsite/_/rsrc/1289496862578/Home/CNM%2006.jpg?height=170&amp;amp;width=320" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;Sustainable cassava production in Vietnam&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;The history and recent developments&lt;/b&gt; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
FOOD  CROPS: Cassava in Vietnam is among the four most important food crops.  Cassava now an important source of cash income to small farmers. In  2008, cassava fresh root production in Vietnam was about 9.39 million  tones, up from only 1.99 million tones in 2000 and marked increases in  yield, from 8.36 t/ha in 2000 to 16.90 t/ha in 2008. Vietnam has made  the fastest progress in application of new technologies in breeding and  new cultivar propagation in Asia. Such progress has been considered as a  result of many factors, of which the success in breeding and  application of new technologies were the main contributing factors.  Cassava yields and production in several provinces have more than  doubled due to the planting of new high-yielding cassava varieties more  than 420,000 ha by 2007/08, (more than 500,000 ha by 2008/09, mainly  KM94, KM140, KM98-5, KM98-1, SM937-26, KM98-7 varieties, and the  adoption of more sustainable production practices. Cassava in Vietnam: a  successful story &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
See more: &lt;a href="http://foodcrops.blogspot.com/2009/12/cassava-in-vietnam-successful-story.html"&gt;Cassava in Vietnam a successful story&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://foodcrops.blogspot.com/2009/12/selection-and-development-of-hybrid.html"&gt;Selection and development of hybrid cassava variety KM 140 (VIFOTECH Award Jan.19, 2010) &lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Sweet sorghum in Vietnam&lt;/b&gt;&lt;a href="https://sites.google.com/site/hoangkimsite/goog_419397190"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href="http://cayluongthuc.blogspot.com/2009/10/tuyet-voi-cay-lua-mien-ngot.html"&gt;http://cayluongthuc.blogspot.com/2009/10/tuyet-voi-cay-lua-mien-ngot.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style="display: block; text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://sites.google.com/site/hoangkimsite/Home/Sweet%20Sorghum%2001.jpg?attredirects=0"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="240" src="https://sites.google.com/site/hoangkimsite/_/rsrc/1293004950417/Home/Sweet%20Sorghum%2001.jpg?height=240&amp;amp;width=320" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style="display: block; text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://sites.google.com/site/hoangkimsite/Home/Sweet%20Sorghum%2006.jpg?attredirects=0"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="238" src="https://sites.google.com/site/hoangkimsite/_/rsrc/1293005055937/Home/Sweet%20Sorghum%2006.jpg?height=238&amp;amp;width=320" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style="display: block; text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://sites.google.com/site/hoangkimsite/Home/Sweet%20Sorghum%204.jpg?attredirects=0"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="400" src="https://sites.google.com/site/hoangkimsite/_/rsrc/1293005126133/Home/Sweet%20Sorghum%204.jpg?height=400&amp;amp;width=298" width="298" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;img alt="Dr.William D Dar" height="161" src="http://bp3.blogger.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/SB1kzBiUypI/AAAAAAAAAh8/V4CrHlST-xE/S214/ICRISAT11.jpg" width="214" /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Dr.William D Dar&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: normal;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Director General of ICRISAT&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;   &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h2&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;Empowering the Poor through Bio-Energy&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;ICRISAT is working hard to ensure that the billions of  dollars now flowing into bio-energy benefit the poor, rather than  marginalizing them.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;The risk is real. Bio-energy today is mostly  derived from agriculture, and biofuel crops could take land away from  growing food. Without conscious pro-poor action, influencing government  policies and technologies, the poor may become poorer, and the hungry,  hungrier.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;As an agriculturally-oriented, non-profit,  international organization dedicated to ending hunger and poverty in the  tropical drylands through research-for-development, ICRISAT's mission  and capacities position it ideally to contribute, together with  partners, to pro-poor BioPower development.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;   &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;img alt="" height="159" src="http://bp3.blogger.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/SB1pLBiUyqI/AAAAAAAAAiE/L_2Daff3OOY/S214/ICRISAT8.jpg" width="214" /&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;   &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h2 style="font-weight: normal;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Overall Goal and Objectives&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;1. The overall goal:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;The overall goal of the  project is to improve the livelihoods of smallholder farmers and  landless rural households by enabling use of improved technology for  bio-energy crops cultivation and enabling production-supply chain  linkages through an innovative coalition of partners involving farmers,  researchers, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), and bio-fuel  industry for sustainable production of bio-fuels in the targeted  countries. It is expected to lead to self reliance (sustainable and  environment-friendly) in energy needs for household and agricultural  operations as well as help rehabilitate degraded lands.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2. Objectives:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;a)   To develop improved high biomass and juice yielding sweet-stalk and  brown mid-rib sorghum cultivars and high biomass and/or sugary cassava  varieties; standardize propagating techniques for true breeding  large-scale multiplication of high yielding collections of jatropha, and  evaluate them for seed yield and oil content;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;b)  To conduct  regional testing using available sweet sorghum and cassava cultivars and  established jatropha nurseries; to fine tune production packages  including pest and disease management with the selected sweet sorghum  and cassava lines; and “plus” tree jatropha collections for each of the  target countries to maximize productivity and build seed systems to  produce sufficient stocks of seed materials for each country for each  crop;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;c)  To facilitate the development of enterprises and  mechanism(s) for supply of inputs for crop production, and buy-back of  sweet sorghum stalks, cassava roots, and jatropha oil seeds by the  industry for bio-ethanol and bio-diesel production respectively;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;d)   To develop and evaluate improved technologies to assess the role of  various by-products as organic manure and/or pesticide; and&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;e)   To build the knowledge base of farmers, NGOs and line department staff  on the importance of bio-fuel needs, various technical aspects related  to their production, cultivation practices and their seed  (sexual/asexual) systems, and supply chain management.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;h3&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://cropsforbiofuel.blogspot.com/2009/12/icrisat-and-ifad-call-for-second-green.html"&gt;ICRISAT and IFAD call for a second Green Revolution &lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/h3&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/SxgA_nmTfHI/AAAAAAAAFls/lxFyiJDDq-8/s1600-h/Slide4.JPG"&gt;&lt;img alt="" border="0" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/SxgA_nmTfHI/AAAAAAAAFls/lxFyiJDDq-8/s400/Slide4.JPG" style="display: block; height: 300px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://cropsforbiofuel.blogspot.com/"&gt;CROPSFORBIOFUEL&lt;/a&gt; to follow up &lt;a href="http://greenbio.checkbiotech.org/news/icrisat_and_ifad_call_second_green_revolution" rel="nofollow"&gt;Checkbiotech.org&lt;/a&gt;  (press release)  Wednesday, December 2, 2009 . This clarion call was  given by the International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid  Tropics (ICRISAT) Director General William Dar and the International  Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) President Kanayo Nwanze in  dialogue with the media. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;A second Green Revolution must be waged to end hunger and poverty in the drylands. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://cropsforbiofuel.blogspot.com/2009/12/icrisat-and-ifad-call-for-second-green.html"&gt;See more...&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small; font-weight: 700;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://cropsforbiofuel.blogspot.com/2009/12/icrisat-and-ifad-call-for-second-green.html"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="color: red;"&gt;EDUCATION AND SCIENCE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="color: red;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;a href="http://cayluongthuc.blogspot.com/2007/12/li-thy-dn.html"&gt;Remember Norman Borlaug&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="color: red;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style="display: block; text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="color: red;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://sites.google.com/site/hoangkimsite/Home/Dr.%20Borlaug%20Visits%20Tuskegee%20University.jpg?attredirects=0"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="320" src="https://sites.google.com/site/hoangkimsite/_/rsrc/1289520156549/Home/Dr.%20Borlaug%20Visits%20Tuskegee%20University.jpg?height=320&amp;amp;width=319" width="319" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="color: red;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: x-small;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://cayluongthuc.blogspot.com/2007/12/li-thy-dn.html"&gt;http://cayluongthuc.blogspot.com/2007/12/li-thy-dn.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style="display: block; text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="color: red;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://sites.google.com/site/hoangkimsite/Home/CNM%2008.jpg?attredirects=0"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="238" src="https://sites.google.com/site/hoangkimsite/_/rsrc/1289498551608/Home/CNM%2008.jpg?height=238&amp;amp;width=320" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="color: red;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="color: red;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="239" src="https://sites.google.com/site/hoangkimsite/_/rsrc/1289498687437/Home/CNM%2009.jpg?height=239&amp;amp;width=320" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="color: red;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="color: red;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style="display: block; text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="color: red;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://sites.google.com/site/hoangkimsite/Home/CNM%2010.jpg?attredirects=0"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="293" src="https://sites.google.com/site/hoangkimsite/_/rsrc/1289498747473/Home/CNM%2010.jpg?height=293&amp;amp;width=320" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;Music The Volunteer Truong Quoc Khanh&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;THE VOLUNTEER&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Music : TỰ NGUYỆN&lt;br /&gt;
Nhạc và lời: Trương Quốc Khánh&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
If a bird, I would be a white pigeon.&lt;br /&gt;
If a flower, I would be a sun-flower.&lt;br /&gt;
If a cloud, I would be a whole warm cloud&lt;br /&gt;
A human, I will die for my country.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A bird, I would rise high my soft wings&lt;br /&gt;
From South to the North, I give good news.&lt;br /&gt;
A flower, I blossom the early love&lt;br /&gt;
With all the hearts enthralled by the peace. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A cloud, I would fly to all the sky&lt;br /&gt;
To follow our heroic history &lt;br /&gt;
A human, just once before I die&lt;br /&gt;
With my brothers, standing, raising the flag.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
English translation &lt;br /&gt;
by TuyetHop and BichNga&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Voluntariness&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
If a bird, I would be a white pigeon.&lt;br /&gt;
If a flower, I would be a sun flower.&lt;br /&gt;
If a cloud, I wold be a warm cloud.&lt;br /&gt;
A man, I will die for our country.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Being a bird, I would raise the soft wings&lt;br /&gt;
From South to the North, all news are joined.&lt;br /&gt;
Being a flower, I effloresce the early love&lt;br /&gt;
With all the hearts are enthralled the peace.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Being a cloud, with the wind I fly all the sky.&lt;br /&gt;
There’s been a superb millenary, today we'll be catenary.&lt;br /&gt;
Being a man, before we die &lt;br /&gt;
We’ll stand up with you raise highly the flag.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
NTTH&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="color: red;"&gt;TRAVEL AND PLACES&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="color: red;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;From Japan to Vietnam&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="color: red;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="color: red;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;by &lt;a href="http://cassavaviet.blogspot.com/2010/12/giao-su-kazuo-kawano-va-cay-san-viet.html"&gt;Prof. K. Kawano (Japan)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style="display: block; text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://sites.google.com/site/hoangkimsite/Home/CNM%2011.jpg?attredirects=0"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="215" src="https://sites.google.com/site/hoangkimsite/_/rsrc/1289500047809/Home/CNM%2011.jpg?height=215&amp;amp;width=320" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="246" src="https://sites.google.com/site/hoangkimsite/_/rsrc/1289500238636/Home/CNM%2012.jpg?height=246&amp;amp;width=320" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Cassava and Vietnam: Now and Then&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href="https://sites.google.com/site/hoangkimsite/goog_1752730958"&gt;HoangKimVietNam on Hubpages.&lt;/a&gt;  "My ten years of close collaboration with my cassava breeding  colleagues in the 1990s and the reunion with them in this trip  completely changed my assessment of the Vietnamese. As evidenced by the  series of my reporting here, they are industrious, insightful,  considerate and indefatigable, as if to emulate &lt;a href="https://sites.google.com/site/hoangkimsite/goog_1752730960"&gt;General Vo Nguyen Giap&lt;/a&gt;" Kazuo Kawano said.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Throughout  my many years of association with Vietnam, I have gotten to know many  people, whom I seem to be able to categorize in retrospect. I got my  first impression of the Vietnamese from the several Vietnamese trainees  staying at the International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños,  Philippines in 1963 and it was not particularly a favorable one. They  appeared rather uncaring, cynical and apathetic, if not selfish,  contemptuous, and corrupt. I may be too harsh and judgmental on them;  nevertheless, Halberstam wrote about this type of people belonging to  the upper strata of the South Vietnamese society during the same period  so vividly and critically in 「The Making of a Quagmire」that my judgment  might not have been too far away from the reality. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
My ten years  of close collaboration with my cassava breeding colleagues in the 1990s  and the reunion with them in this trip completely changed my assessment  of the Vietnamese. As evidenced by the series of my reporting here, they  are industrious, insightful, considerate and indefatigable, as if to  emulate General Vo Nguyen Giap. I might be a little too positively  partial to those friends of mine. Nevertheless, I have a similar feeling  toward some of my colleagues in Rayong, Thailand and Nanning, China to  count a few. During the two decades of post-war Japan, we seem to have  many Japanese of this category as well. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Then comes the mass of  the population who just want tomorrow to be better than today. In this  trip, I was deeply impressed and touched in meeting many people who  seemed never to doubt tomorrow is better than today. This reminds me of  the Japanese during the next two decades of post-war where the majority  of the population was seeing a rosy future. Now in Japan, more than  30,000 people commit suicide annually and the main reason for this act  is believed to be hopelessness to the present and future. Needless to  say, Vietnam is not without problems such as the incompleteness of  juridical system or rampant corruption to name some. Yet, the proportion  of people feeling happy seems to be far higher in Vietnam than in Japan  now. It is fascinating to imagine where these former colleagues of mine  would further lead this society to.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="color: red;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="color: red;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: x-small;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black;"&gt;See more:&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: x-small;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://cassavaviet.blogspot.com/2010/12/giao-su-kazuo-kawano-va-cay-san-viet.html"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Kazuo Kawano and Vietnam&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href="http://cassavaviet.blogspot.com/2010/05/cassava-and-vietnam-now-and-then-6-9.html"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Cassava and Vietnam: Now and Then&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;a href="http://cassavaviet.blogspot.com/2008/10/glimpse-of-lao-cassava-workshop.html"&gt;A Glimpse of Lao Cassava Workshop&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;a href="http://foodcrops.blogspot.com/2010/05/current-situation-of-cassava-in-vietnam.html"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Current situation of cassava in Vietnam and the breeding of improved cultivars&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="color: red;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
PUBLICATIONS AND E - BOOKS&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://sites.google.com/site/hoangkimsite/Home/Cassava%20in%20Asia%2001.jpg?attredirects=0"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="242" src="https://sites.google.com/site/hoangkimsite/_/rsrc/1289501248483/Home/Cassava%20in%20Asia%2001.jpg?height=242&amp;amp;width=320" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="color: red;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
FOOD CROPS IN VIETNAM&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt; &lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;a dir="ltr" href="http://foodcrops.blogspot.com/search/label/Cassava%20in%20Vietnam%3A%20a%20successful%20story"&gt;Cassava in Vietnam: a successful story&lt;/a&gt; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/Sxz9Loo9tVI/AAAAAAAAFsk/wj97X1NhXjc/s1600-h/Cassava+Family+01.JPG"&gt;&lt;img alt="" border="0" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/Sxz9Loo9tVI/AAAAAAAAFsk/wj97X1NhXjc/s320/Cassava+Family+01.JPG" style="display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center;" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;  &lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small; font-weight: 700;"&gt;Initial Contacts &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;In September 1988, Dr. Kazuo Kawano (CIAT cassava breeder) and Dr.  Reinhardt Howeler (agronomist), both working at the CIAT Cassava Office  for Asia in Bangkok, visited Institute of Agricultural Science for  Southern Vietnam (IAS) in Ho Chi Minh city.  They discussed with Dr.  Tran The Thong, Director, Dr. Mai Van Quyen, Deputy Director of IAS, and  Mr. Hoang Kim (Director of Hung Loc Agricultural Research Center belong  to IAS), possible future collaboration.  They also visited Hung Loc  Center and cassava growing areas in Dong Nai and Tay Ninh  provinces. (&lt;a href="http://foodcrops.blogspot.com/search/label/Cassava%20in%20Vietnam%3A%20a%20successful%20story"&gt;see more&lt;/a&gt; ...)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt; &lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;a dir="ltr" href="http://foodcrops.blogspot.com/search/label/Cassava%20News%20in%20Center%20Point"&gt;Cassava News in Center Point&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt; &lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;a dir="ltr" href="http://foodcrops.blogspot.com/search/label/Cassava%20pest%20in%20Latin%20America"&gt;Cassava pest in Latin America&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;a dir="ltr" href="http://foodcrops.blogspot.com/search/label/Africa%20and%20Asia"&gt;Africa and Asia&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt; &lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;a dir="ltr" href="http://foodcrops.blogspot.com/search/label/Crop%20diversification%20in%20Vietnam"&gt;Crop diversification in Vietnam&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt; &lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;a dir="ltr" href="http://foodcrops.blogspot.com/search/label/Current%20situation%20of%20cassava%20in%20Vietnam%20and%20the%20breeding%20of%20improved%20cultivars"&gt;Current situation of cassava in Vietnam and the breeding of improved cultivars&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt; &lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;a dir="ltr" href="http://foodcrops.blogspot.com/search/label/Dong%20Nai%20farmers%20embrace%20new%20technology"&gt;Dong Nai farmers embrace new technology&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt; &lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;a dir="ltr" href="http://foodcrops.blogspot.com/search/label/D%E1%BA%A1y%20v%C3%A0%20h%E1%BB%8Dc%20tr%E1%BB%B1c%20tuy%E1%BA%BFn%20c%C3%A2y%20l%C3%BAa"&gt;Dạy và học trực tuyến cây lúa&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt; &lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;a dir="ltr" href="http://foodcrops.blogspot.com/search/label/foodcropsinvietnam"&gt;Foodcrops in Vietnam&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt; &lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;a dir="ltr" href="http://foodcrops.blogspot.com/search/label/Gi%E1%BB%91ng%20khoai%20lang%20%E1%BB%9F%20Vi%E1%BB%87t%20Nam"&gt;Sweet Potato Varieties in Vietnam&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt; &lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;a dir="ltr" href="http://foodcrops.blogspot.com/search/label/learning%20by%20doing"&gt;Learning by doing&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt; &lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;a dir="ltr" href="http://foodcrops.blogspot.com/search/label/Norman%20Borlaug%20di%20s%E1%BA%A3n%20ni%E1%BB%81m%20tin%20v%C3%A0%20n%E1%BB%95%20l%E1%BB%B1c"&gt;Norman Borlaug di sản niềm tin và nổ lực&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt; &lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;a dir="ltr" href="http://foodcrops.blogspot.com/search/label/Selection%20and%20development%20of%20hybrid%20cassava%20variety%20KM%20140"&gt;Selection and development of hybrid cassava variety KM 140&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt; &lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;a dir="ltr" href="http://foodcrops.blogspot.com/search/label/Up%20to%20date%20of%206th%20International%20Rice%20Genetics%20Symposium"&gt;Up to date of 6th International Rice Genetics Symposium&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt; &lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;a dir="ltr" href="http://foodcrops.blogspot.com/search/label/Vietnam%E2%80%99s%20exports%20see%20breakthrough%20in%202010"&gt;Vietnam’s exports see breakthrough in 2010&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt; &lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;a dir="ltr" href="http://foodcrops.blogspot.com/search/label/Visit%20regarding%20cassava%20pests%20and%20diseases"&gt;Visit regarding cassava pests and diseases&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h2&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=4930984968650892465&amp;amp;postID=6241192243737992521" name="TOC-LINKS"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: red; font-weight: 400;"&gt;LINKS&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.afmtestlab.ars.usda.gov/meetings/Sorghum/index.htm" rel="nofollow"&gt;Biofuel Information&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.pecad.fas.usda.gov/cropexplorer/" rel="nofollow"&gt;Crop Explorer&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://cropsforbiofuel.blogspot.com/"&gt;Crops for Biofuel&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.fao.org/english/newsroom/news/2002/10541-en.html" rel="nofollow"&gt;FAO Global Cassava Partnership&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://cassavaviet.blogspot.com/"&gt;http://cassavaviet.blogspot.com/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://cayluongthuc.blogspot.com/"&gt;http://cayluongthuc.blogspot.com/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://tinkhoahoc.blogspot.com/"&gt;http://tinkhoahoc.blogspot.com/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%E1%BA%AFn" rel="nofollow"&gt;http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sắn&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%C3%A0nh_vi%C3%AAn:Dayvahoc" rel="nofollow"&gt;http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thành_viên:Dayvahoc&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.fao.org/docrep/009/y1177e/Y1177E05.htm#ch4" rel="nofollow"&gt;Status of cassava in Vietnam&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=4930984968650892465&amp;amp;postID=6241192243737992521"&gt;Danforth Center Research Overview&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;   &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h2&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=4930984968650892465&amp;amp;postID=6241192243737992521" name="TOC-GLOBAL-CASSAVA-PARTNERSHIPS-GCP1"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;GLOBAL CASSAVA PARTNERSHIPS GCP1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;“Cassava : Meeting the Chalenges of the New Millennium”&lt;br /&gt;
July 21-25, 2008 IPBO – Ghent University – Belgium&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;Cassava  is one of the major subsistence crops in the world. It feeds more than   a billion people every day, through it is today exploited at about 15%  of it current potential. Many factores account for this situation , most  of them due to the fact that it is a vegetatively propagated crop,  therefore associated with a lot of biotic constraints. However, it  natural drought resistance and it semi-perennial botanical nature offer  incomparable advantages for poor farmers. Expressing the full potential  of cassava would turn this subsistence crop into an industrial  one.  This evolution already took place in several Asian coutries and South  America, and in some rare places in Africa. It the largest number of  people in developing countries use cassava as a crop to solve the food  problem in the world and to change the economy of developing countries.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;During  the First Scientific meeting of the Global Cassava Partnership (GCP-1),  we will review the status of knowledge about cassava, to show its  potential and demonstrate the possibilities  to unlock that potential !&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;The  first day of the meeting, dubbed “Donor Day” is entirely dedicated to  illustrate all the recent initiatives taken in cassava research and  development, and to promote a discussion about the gaps in knowledge and  funding.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;During the week, 115 presentations by all the world  most knowledgeable cassava experts, gathered in 13 concurrent sessions,  intend to review all the recent advances made in cassava science and  cassava improvement. Three days of poster sessions, with open 200  posters, will provide an opportunity to exchange, talk and argue about  issues important for casava.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;More importantly, the goal of this  International Cassava Forum is to convince  donors of the necessity to  invest more , to strengthen the synergy in the cassava community, as  well as to encourage more scientists to work with this very important  crop, the third source of calories in the developing world, which feeds  more than a billion people every day!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Dr. Claude M. Fauquest&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;Organizer of the First Scientific meeting of the Global Cassava Partnership&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;   &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h2&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=4930984968650892465&amp;amp;postID=6241192243737992521" name="TOC-I"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;I&lt;a href="http://www.ciat.cgiar.org/" rel="nofollow"&gt;&lt;img alt="International Center for Tropical Agriculture" height="240" src="http://bp2.blogger.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/SIwMYUlPe5I/AAAAAAAAAzA/Oq9gO0f_V8I/S214/Gent+04.JPG" style="display: block; margin-right: auto; text-align: left;" width="320" /&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/h2&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;   &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h2&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=4930984968650892465&amp;amp;postID=6241192243737992521" name="TOC-Cassava:-A-Gift-to-the-World-and-a-"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;Cassava: A Gift to the World and a Challenge for Scientists&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;The Global Cassava Partnership, a network of scientists and  developpers of cassava, aims to improve cassava by promoting the  investment of science and technology worldwide. In the past decade the  cassava research community has made impressive progress in &amp;nbsp;tackling  important production constraints in the areas of assembling large  conlections of landraces and willspecies, breeding for pest and disease  resistance and added value traits, development of low-cost rapid  propagation systems, implementation of genomics tools for  marker-assisted selectionand virus diagnostics, development of  transgeniccassava for nutritions traits and for resistance to viruses,  and the establishment of regional public and private sector partnership.  Despit these improvements, yields in large parts of the cassava  production areas are well below the potential of the germplasm  developed. Limitations exist and are preventing the rapid formation of  the next generationof cassava scientists on a large scale. Gaps still  persist in the areas of technology transfer and in delivering added  values for casava end users. The GCP has identified several  opportunities and strategies to improve cassava production systems and  they will be presented and discussed during the First Scientific meeting  of the Global Cassava Partnership (GCP 1).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Joe Tohme and Claude Fauquet&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;Co-Chairs of the Global Cassava Partnership&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;h2&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=4930984968650892465&amp;amp;postID=6241192243737992521" name="TOC-2"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www2.hcmuaf.edu.vn/contents.php?ids=6028&amp;amp;ur=hoangkim" rel="nofollow"&gt;Lời yêu thương&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://hoangkimlong.blogspot.com/2010/12/loi-yeu-thuong.html"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/TRaSJ92R_II/AAAAAAAAH74/HdQuDRXblEc/s1600/Thung+dung.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img alt="" border="0" height="240" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/TRaSJ92R_II/AAAAAAAAH74/HdQuDRXblEc/s320/Thung+dung.jpg" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style="color: navy; font-size: small;"&gt;Khoác thêm tấm áo trời se lạnh&lt;br /&gt;
Đông tàn xuân đã đến rồi em&lt;br /&gt;
Phúc hậu mỗi ngày chăm việc thiện&lt;br /&gt;
Yêu thương xa cách hóa gần thêm&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp; &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;Loving word &lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Wearing sweater when it's rather cold.&lt;br /&gt;
Winter comes to an end, and early Spring is coming.&lt;br /&gt;
Everyday, we care good deeds kindly.&lt;br /&gt;
Distant love turns out to be close together.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
HK&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;FOOD CROPS
www.foodcrops.blogspot.com&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/4930984968650892465-6241192243737992521?l=foodcrops.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/FoodCrops/~4/J3wDWuJACys" height="1" width="1"/&gt;</description><app:edited xmlns:app="http://www.w3.org/2007/app">2011-04-11T23:00:37.889+07:00</app:edited><media:thumbnail url="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/TS5IPl1eZqI/AAAAAAAAH9o/0x09H8RCcKQ/s72-c/Chuc+mung+nam+moi+2011.jpg" height="72" width="72" /><thr:total xmlns:thr="http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0">0</thr:total><feedburner:origLink>http://foodcrops.blogspot.com/2011/01/happy-new-year-2011-to-all-my-friends.html</feedburner:origLink></item><item><title>Dong Nai farmers embrace new technology</title><link>http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/FoodCrops/~3/v2gQlF3WlvA/dong-nai-farmers-embrace-new-technology.html</link><category>Dong Nai farmers embrace new technology</category><author>hoangkim_vietnam@yahoo.com (hoangkimvietnam and hoanglong)</author><pubDate>Mon, 11 Apr 2011 08:57:59 PDT</pubDate><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4930984968650892465.post-5862616099980443244</guid><description>&lt;div align="justify" class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/TQSdNdhmb9I/AAAAAAAAH6k/DQhnxfVqV9k/s1600/May+gat+lua.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/TQSdNdhmb9I/AAAAAAAAH6k/DQhnxfVqV9k/s1600/May+gat+lua.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify" class="pBody"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
FOOD CROPS to follow up Vietnam News — Southern Dong Nai Province near HCM City is increasingly  using advanced technologies in agriculture and high-yield crop and  animal strains. Pham Minh Dao, director of its Department of  Agriculture and Rural Development, said all rice, corn, sugarcane, and  bean farmers and 90 per cent of cassava growers use newly developed  strains of high quality and yield.Growing vegetables and other crops in green houses and  using irrigation, fertilisers, and pesticides in a scientific manner  have seen the agriculture sector add value, he said.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify" class="pBody"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Most farmers have replaced human labour with machines, with machines doing nearly 100 per cent of the ploughing. (Farmers using a combine harvester in a field in the southern province of  Dong Nai. The province is applying advanced technologies in agriculture  and high-yield crop and animal strains. — VNS Photo Hoang Hai).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify" class="pBody"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
The province has invested in irrigation canals to  provide water for cultivation, enabling many areas to grow crops all  year round. More than 200,000 farming families work on 368,000ha of  land, with more than 1 per cent of them earning VNÐ100 million  (US$5,100) per ha per year, according to the Department of Agriculture  and Rural Development.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify" class="pBody"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Agricultural output increased from VND5.6 trillion  ($295 million) in 2005 to VND7.5 trillion last year, and is expected to  rise to VND8 trillion ($410,000) this year. However, large areas are not earmarked for growing a  particular crop while co-ordination between the Government, businesses,  farmers, and scientists is not very good, causing severe volatility in  prices.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify" class="pBody"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Despie being located in the southern key economic  zone, the province has just 73 agricultural co-operatives and four  high-productivity unions. To resolve these shortcomings, authorities will focus  on modernising agriculture and developing agricultural processing and  rural services and co-operatives.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify" class="pBody"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Dao said the province will focus on developing  co-operatives because only creating large tracts for cultivation will  facilitate the use of machinery, drive down costs, and increase profits. Last September the province began construction of the 2,187-ha Agropark agro-industrial complex in Xuan Loc District.The complex, expected to be finished in five years, will focus on crops, livestock, food processing, and other areas. — VNS&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify" class="pBody"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Source: &lt;a href="http://vietnamnews.vnagency.com.vn/Agriculture/206602/Dong-Nai-farmers-embrace-new-technology.html"&gt;http://vietnamnews.vnagency.com.vn/Agriculture/206602/Dong-Nai-farmers-embrace-new-technology.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;FOOD CROPS
www.foodcrops.blogspot.com&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/4930984968650892465-5862616099980443244?l=foodcrops.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/FoodCrops/~4/v2gQlF3WlvA" height="1" width="1"/&gt;</description><app:edited xmlns:app="http://www.w3.org/2007/app">2011-04-11T22:57:59.324+07:00</app:edited><media:thumbnail url="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/TQSdNdhmb9I/AAAAAAAAH6k/DQhnxfVqV9k/s72-c/May+gat+lua.jpg" height="72" width="72" /><thr:total xmlns:thr="http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0">0</thr:total><feedburner:origLink>http://foodcrops.blogspot.com/2010/12/dong-nai-farmers-embrace-new-technology.html</feedburner:origLink></item><item><title>Vietnam’s exports see breakthrough in 2010</title><link>http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/FoodCrops/~3/Gy2GoIEOgU4/vietnams-exports-see-breakthrough-in.html</link><category>Vietnam’s exports see breakthrough in 2010</category><author>hoangkim_vietnam@yahoo.com (hoangkimvietnam and hoanglong)</author><pubDate>Mon, 11 Apr 2011 08:55:07 PDT</pubDate><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4930984968650892465.post-4095117681945315832</guid><description>&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;span id="ctl00_mContent_lbDesc" style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;FOOD CROPS to follow up VOVNEWS.VN. Vietnam’s  exports have grown considerably in 2010 but its trade deficit is  estimated to below 20 percent, the Ministry of Industry and Trade  announced on November 29... &lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;The Vietnam Food Association reports that since early November, the  price of rice for export has risen by 8 percent to US$490-500 per tonne. With the world’s demands remaining stable, Vietnam’s rice exports are  expected to hit about 6.6 million tonnes, worth US$3.08 billion, in  2010&lt;/b&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;span id="ctl00_mContent_lbBody"&gt;The total export turnover is  expected to hit US$70.8 billion for the whole year, an increase of 24  percent over 2009 and 16.5 percent above the projected target.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The Ministry of Industry and Trade reported that most of the staples  saw increases, especially rubber, cashew nuts, rice, chemicals, steel  and steel-related products, means of transport, electrical cords and  cables, and machinery. Only crude oil, cassava, and cassava products  recorded lower revenues compared to the same period last year.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
According to inter-ministerial statistics released by the Ministry,  the country’s exports in November are predicted to hit US$6.45 billion,  up 3.6 percent from October.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The November figure is only lower than that of August but higher than  in the other months. Not considering gemstones and precious metals,  this November has the highest export turnover since the beginning of  2010.&lt;br /&gt;
By November, Vietnam had fetched an estimated US$64.3 billion from  exports, a 24.4 percent rise over the same period last year, which has  made a positive contribution to the country’s GDP growth. On average,  Vietnam has exported US$5.86 billion worth of goods every month since  the beginning of the year.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Textiles and garments secure first position&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
This sector has always been one of Vietnam’s major export industries, growing at an annual rate of more than 17 percent.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Judging from its impressive growth in recent months it is predicted  to earn over US$11 billion in export revenues in 2010, a 21.3 percent  rise from 2009, and 5.1 percent above plan to enter the world’s top 10  exporters of textiles and garments.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
November is the fifth consecutive month that its exports have earned  more than US$ 1 billion to bring total revenues in the past 11 months to  US$10.036 trillion.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The industry is overcoming obstacles related to labour, electricity  sources, and the rising prices of inputs to boost production and fulfil  export orders.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Le Van Dao, Vice President of the Vietnam Textile and Apparel  Association, affirmed the sector’s competitiveness in the years to come  and revealed its target of becoming a cutting-edge export industry by  2015, with export earnings reaching US$20 billion and a local content of  up to 60 percent. He said the industry will focus on specializing and  cooperating to turn Vietnam into the regional fashion centre.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Soaring prices&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Large export orders have sent the prices of agricultural, forestry and aquatic products soaring.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The Vietnam Food Association reports that since early November, the  price of rice for export has risen by 8 percent to US$490-500 per tonne.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
With the world’s demands remaining stable, Vietnam’s rice exports are  expected to hit about 6.6 million tonnes, worth US$3.08 billion, in  2010.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The most dramatic increase is in the price of rubber with export  turnover in November alone reaching about US$2 billion from 672,000  tonnes, nearly 86.4 percent higher than the same month of last year. In November, cashew nuts also made their way into the group of exports with revenues of US$1 billion or more.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Despite numerous hindrances from importers, the Vietnamese seafood  industry has gradually strengthened its foothold in the world market and  recently recorded its highest export growth. Its 2010 turnover is  estimated to hit US$4.9 billion and surpass its yearly target by 6.5  percent. Tra fish and shrimp remain the industry’s strongest exports.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A global increase in coffee prices has encouraged Vietnamese farmers  to take out loans and invest more in growing coffee trees intensively.  Vietnam’s core zones for growing coffee trees have the potential to  yield large amounts of raw materials. The country is expected to export  US$1.74 billion worth of coffee this year.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Trade deficit curbed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Deputy Minister of Industry and Trade Nguyen Thanh Bien said  Vietnam’s trade deficit in 2010 is predicted to be US$12 billion with a  rate of 17 percent, which is within the target set by the government.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Bien said consistent measures have helped limited importation, which is estimated at about US$82.8 billion.&lt;br /&gt;
According to inter-ministerial statistics, the November trade deficit  stood at US$1.25 billion, or 19.38 percent of the aggregate export  revenues, the highest of the past nine months. However, the import  growth rate in the past 11 month is lower than its corresponding figure  for export (24.5 percent).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Nonetheless, there are still causes for concern in the past two  months, including a rise in the import of restricted commodities such as  gemstones, precious metals and related products (mainly gold).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;Source: http://english.vovnews.vn/Home/Vietnams-exports-see-breakthrough-in-2010/201011/121876.vov&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;FOOD CROPS
www.foodcrops.blogspot.com&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/4930984968650892465-4095117681945315832?l=foodcrops.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/FoodCrops/~4/Gy2GoIEOgU4" height="1" width="1"/&gt;</description><app:edited xmlns:app="http://www.w3.org/2007/app">2011-04-11T22:55:07.855+07:00</app:edited><thr:total xmlns:thr="http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0">0</thr:total><feedburner:origLink>http://foodcrops.blogspot.com/2010/12/vietnams-exports-see-breakthrough-in.html</feedburner:origLink></item><item><title>Cassava News in Center Point</title><link>http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/FoodCrops/~3/cd94HGZO5G4/cassava-news-in-center-point.html</link><category>Cassava News in Center Point</category><author>hoangkim_vietnam@yahoo.com (hoangkimvietnam and hoanglong)</author><pubDate>Mon, 11 Apr 2011 08:54:37 PDT</pubDate><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4930984968650892465.post-4400820234851569471</guid><description>&lt;div align="justify" class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/TF1vqEZ7G8I/AAAAAAAAHoU/mR4q-HgThBU/s1600/Cassava+ethanol.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" bx="true" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/TF1vqEZ7G8I/AAAAAAAAHoU/mR4q-HgThBU/s320/Cassava+ethanol.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;a href="http://cassavanews.blogspot.com/2010/08/cassava-news-in-center-point.html"&gt;CASSAVA NEWS&lt;/a&gt;: Hoang Kim select and review of Cassava News in Center Point. Zambia: Mansa scientists develop resistant cassava. Vietnam's Environment-friendly Fuel Fails To Attract Consumer. Biological fuel fails to attract consumers.Biogasoline sales to resume next month. China-ASEAN Free Trade Agreement leads to new business opportunities. (TIN SẮN: Hoàng Kim tuyển chọn và xem xét tin sắn ở điểm trung tâm. Zambia các nhà khoa học Mansa phát triển giống sắn kháng bệnh. Nhiên liệu thân thiện với môi trường của Việt Nam chưa hấp dẫn người tiêu dùng, giá bán xăng E5 là 15.500 đ so giá xăng A92 là 16.000đ chưa&amp;nbsp;thu hút&amp;nbsp;lái xe và họ còn e ngại chất lượng. Nhiên liệu sinh học tiếp tục được bán ở các tháng tiếp theo để tiếp thị. Hiệp định Thương mại Tự do Trung Quốc -ASEAN dẫn đến các cơ hội kinh doanh mới). &lt;a href="http://cassavanews.blogspot.com/2010/08/cassava-news-in-center-point.html"&gt;see more ...&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;FOOD CROPS
www.foodcrops.blogspot.com&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/4930984968650892465-4400820234851569471?l=foodcrops.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/FoodCrops/~4/cd94HGZO5G4" height="1" width="1"/&gt;</description><app:edited xmlns:app="http://www.w3.org/2007/app">2011-04-11T22:54:37.792+07:00</app:edited><media:thumbnail url="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/TF1vqEZ7G8I/AAAAAAAAHoU/mR4q-HgThBU/s72-c/Cassava+ethanol.jpg" height="72" width="72" /><thr:total xmlns:thr="http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0">0</thr:total><feedburner:origLink>http://foodcrops.blogspot.com/2010/08/cassava-news-in-center-point.html</feedburner:origLink></item><item><title>Niềm tin và nghị lực</title><link>http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/FoodCrops/~3/trX3Ux8RPZQ/foodcrops-niem-tin-va-nghi-luc.html</link><category>foodcrops niemtinvanghiluc</category><author>hoangkim_vietnam@yahoo.com (hoangkimvietnam and hoanglong)</author><pubDate>Sun, 01 Aug 2010 22:17:46 PDT</pubDate><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4930984968650892465.post-2236185401466207910</guid><description>&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/TFJQjCnCqBI/AAAAAAAAHnM/ZVtmgnbmiPk/s1600/Truocden.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" bx="true" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/TFJQjCnCqBI/AAAAAAAAHnM/ZVtmgnbmiPk/s320/Truocden.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/TFJQv8sHD0I/AAAAAAAAHnU/dh43VJ-SBrw/s1600/Tu+Nguyen+2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" bx="true" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/TFJQv8sHD0I/AAAAAAAAHnU/dh43VJ-SBrw/s320/Tu+Nguyen+2.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/TFJJPhFzXvI/AAAAAAAAHm8/d_hhxbjZO6w/s1600/NB+1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" bx="true" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/TFJJPhFzXvI/AAAAAAAAHm8/d_hhxbjZO6w/s320/NB+1.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;Norman Bourlaug&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href="http://foodcrops.blogspot.com/"&gt;FOODCROPS&lt;/a&gt; for news, research, teaching and transfer technology Thông tin về lúa, ngô, sắn, khoai lang, và hệ thống cây trồng&amp;nbsp; "Đời người tối thiểu phải ăn, kế đến là học tập, công việc, nhà ở, quần áo và chăm sóc sức khỏe. Quanh ta còn nhiều mảnh đời bất hạnh. Hiểm họa nghèo đói vẫn bùng phát bất cứ lúc nào. Hãy luôn nhớ điều đó." Lời của Thầy &lt;a href="http://foodcrops.ning.com/profiles/blogs/norman-borlaug-heritage-faith"&gt;Norman Bourlaug và di sản của Người về cuộc cách mạng xanh&lt;/a&gt; mãi mãi là niềm tin và nghị lực của chúng ta.&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/TFJK9WgVakI/AAAAAAAAHnE/-Jrfmwl3pbc/s1600/An+hoc+tren+dong+1.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" bx="true" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/TFJK9WgVakI/AAAAAAAAHnE/-Jrfmwl3pbc/s320/An+hoc+tren+dong+1.JPG" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;Ăn học trên đồng (ảnh HL 2010)&lt;br /&gt;
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NIỀM TIN VÀ NGHỊ LỰC &lt;br /&gt;
Số 1 - 2010&lt;br /&gt;
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FOOD CROPS&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href="http://foodcrops.blogspot.com/2009/09/nho-norman-borlaug.html"&gt;Norman Borlaug di sản, niềm tin và nghị lực&lt;/a&gt; Hoàng Kim&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href="http://hoangkimvietnam.wordpress.com/2010/04/16/san/"&gt;Hiện trạng sắn Việt Nam và sự cải thiện giống sắn&lt;/a&gt; Hoàng Kim&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/FoodCrops"&gt;Current situation of cassava in Vietnam and the breeding of improved cultivars&lt;/a&gt; Hoang Kim et al. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href="http://foodcrops.blogspot.com/2010/01/giong-khoai-lang-o-viet-nam.html"&gt;Giống khoai lang ở Việt Nam&lt;/a&gt; Hoàng Kim&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href="http://foodcrops.webs.com/"&gt;Cây sắn Việt Nam hiện tại và tiếp nối Kazuo Kawano&lt;/a&gt;, Hoàng Kim&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href="http://foodcrops.webs.com/"&gt;Cassava and Vietnam – Now and Then&lt;/a&gt; GS.TS Kazu Kawano&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href="http://foodcrops.blogspot.com/2009/12/cassava-in-vietnam-successful-story.html"&gt;Cassava in Vietnam: a successful story&lt;/a&gt; Hoang Kim&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href="http://cropsforbiofuel.blogspot.com/"&gt;Cây nhiên liệu sinh học Việt Nam điểm tin chọn lọc&lt;/a&gt; Hoảng Kim&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href="http://www2.hcmuaf.edu.vn/contents.php?ids=4575&amp;amp;ur=hoangkim"&gt;Giống sắn KM140 Giải Nhất Hội thi Sáng tạo Kỹ thuật Toàn Quốc 2009&lt;/a&gt; &lt;br /&gt;
Trần Công Khanh, Hoàng Kim, Nguyễn Hữu Hỹ&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href="http://dayvahoc.blogspot.com/2010/07/xay-dung-nong-thon-moi.html"&gt;Xây dựng nông thôn mới&lt;/a&gt; GSTS Nguyễn Văn Luật&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href="http://dayvahoc.blogspot.com/2010/07/creating-after-jump-summaries.html"&gt;Xây dựng thương hiệu cho lúa gạo Việt Nam&lt;/a&gt; TS Trần Văn Đạt&lt;br /&gt;
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DẠY VÀ HỌC &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href="http://hoangkimvietnam.wordpress.com/2010/05/22/goodreadsforme/"&gt;Goodreads for Me&lt;/a&gt; Hoang Kim&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href="http://hocmoingay.blogspot.com/2010/07/google-cau-chuyen-than-ky-2.html"&gt;Google câu chuyện thần kỳ&lt;/a&gt; HK điểm sách của David Vise và Mark Malseed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href="http://dayvahoc.blogspot.com/2010/07/thong-dich-la-chia-khoa-mo-cua-nhin-ra.html"&gt;Thông dịch là chìa khóa mở cửa nhìn ra thế giới HK&lt;/a&gt; giới thiệu ba bài Văn Bảy&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href="http://hocmoingay.blogspot.com/2010/07/dien-ve-ren-nhan-cach-va-lap-nghiep.html"&gt;Rèn nhân cách để lập nghiệp&lt;/a&gt; HK giới thiệu bài của GS Nguyễn Đình Chú&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href="http://hoangkimvietnam.wordpress.com/2010/07/12/thichthanhtu/"&gt;Thích Thanh Từ&lt;/a&gt; biên khảo của Hoàng Kim&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href="http://hoangkimvietnam.wordpress.com/2010/03/31/nguyen-khai/"&gt;Nhớ Nguyễn Khải&lt;/a&gt; biên khảo của Hoàng Kim&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href="http://hoangkimvietnam.wordpress.com/2010/04/07/hoang-dinh-quang/"&gt;Hoàng Đình Quang&lt;/a&gt; biên khảo của Hoàng Kim&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href="http://hoangkimvietnam.wordpress.com/2010/07/15/thohay/"&gt;Đến với những bài thơ hay&lt;/a&gt; HK giới thiệu thơ Nguyễn Duy&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href="http://hoangkimvietnam.wordpress.com/2010/07/20/thohay-2/"&gt;Đến với những bài thơ hay 2&lt;/a&gt; HK giới thiệu thơ Phím chiến&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
THUNG DUNG&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href="http://hoangkimvietnam.wordpress.com/2010/02/16/thungdung-3/"&gt;Dạo chơi non nước Việt&lt;/a&gt;, thơ Hoàng Kim&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href="http://hoangkimvietnam.wordpress.com/2010/07/14/truclamyentu/"&gt;Trúc Lâm Yên Tử&lt;/a&gt;, thơ Hoàng Kim&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href="http://hoangkimvietnam.wordpress.com/2010/02/18/thungdung-4/"&gt;Lên Yên Tử sưu tầm thơ đức Nhân Tông&lt;/a&gt; , thơ Hoàng Kim&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href="http://hoangkimvietnam.wordpress.com/2009/11/03/thungdung/"&gt;Lời của Thầy theo mãi bước em đi&lt;/a&gt; , Hoàng Kim&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href="http://hoangkimvietnam.wordpress.com/2009/11/07/thungdung-2/"&gt;Niềm vui lớn&lt;/a&gt;, Hoàng Kim&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href="http://hoangkimvietnam.wordpress.com/2010/05/18/hocdicon/"&gt;Học đi con&lt;/a&gt; , thơ Hoàng Kim&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href="http://hoangkimvietnam.wordpress.com/2010/06/26/thungdung-5/"&gt;Những bài thơ em và tôi&lt;/a&gt; , thơ Hoàng Kim&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href="http://hoangkimvietnam.wordpress.com/2010/07/02/thungdung6/"&gt;Hoa đồng nội&lt;/a&gt; ,thơ Hoàng Kim&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href="http://hoangkimvietnam.wordpress.com/2010/07/08/thang-bay-mua-ngau/"&gt;Tháng bảy mưa ngâu&lt;/a&gt;, thơ Hoàng Kim&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href="http://hoangkimvietnam.wordpress.com/2010/07/09/thungdung8/"&gt;Thư cho con giữa mùa thi&lt;/a&gt;, thơ Hoàng Kim&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;FOOD CROPS
www.foodcrops.blogspot.com&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/4930984968650892465-2236185401466207910?l=foodcrops.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/FoodCrops/~4/trX3Ux8RPZQ" height="1" width="1"/&gt;</description><app:edited xmlns:app="http://www.w3.org/2007/app">2010-08-02T12:17:46.400+07:00</app:edited><media:thumbnail url="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/TFJQjCnCqBI/AAAAAAAAHnM/ZVtmgnbmiPk/s72-c/Truocden.jpg" height="72" width="72" /><thr:total xmlns:thr="http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0">0</thr:total><feedburner:origLink>http://foodcrops.blogspot.com/2010/07/foodcrops-niem-tin-va-nghi-luc.html</feedburner:origLink></item><item><title>Dạy và học trực tuyến cây lúa</title><link>http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/FoodCrops/~3/xEGHwfhQuBk/day-va-hoc-truc-tuyen-cay-lua.html</link><category>Dạy và học trực tuyến cây lúa</category><author>hoangkim_vietnam@yahoo.com (hoangkimvietnam and hoanglong)</author><pubDate>Fri, 25 Mar 2011 06:39:21 PDT</pubDate><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4930984968650892465.post-8675850310232656334</guid><description>&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/TCXjHf_LErI/AAAAAAAAHdw/iX1YQLWsCc0/s1600/Ngan+hang+kien+thuc+trong+Lua.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" ru="true" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/TCXjHf_LErI/AAAAAAAAHdw/iX1YQLWsCc0/s320/Ngan+hang+kien+thuc+trong+Lua.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://cayluongthuc.blogspot.com/"&gt;CÂY LƯƠNG THỰC&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;a href="http://www.vaas.org.vn/download/caylua/index.htm"&gt;Ngân hàng kiến thức trồng lúa&lt;/a&gt; là trang tin điện tử của Viện Khoa học Nông nghiệp Việt Nam . Cơ quan chủ quản Bộ Nông nghiệp và Phát triển Nông thôn. Trang tin này kết nối trực tuyến với&amp;nbsp; &lt;a href="http://foodcrops.blogspot.com/"&gt;http://foodcrops.blogspot.com/&lt;/a&gt; ; &lt;a href="http://cayluongthuc.blogspot.com/"&gt;http://cayluongthuc.blogspot.com/&lt;/a&gt; &amp;nbsp;và &lt;a href="http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A2y_l%C6%B0%C6%A1ng_th%E1%BB%B1c"&gt;http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cây_lương_thực&lt;/a&gt; &amp;nbsp;nhằm đem kiến thức nghề lúa đến cho mọi người bằng ứng dụng công nghệ thông tin trong dạy và học. (&lt;a href="http://www.vaas.org.vn/Images/caylua/"&gt;xem tiếp&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;FOOD CROPS
www.foodcrops.blogspot.com&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/4930984968650892465-8675850310232656334?l=foodcrops.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/FoodCrops/~4/xEGHwfhQuBk" height="1" width="1"/&gt;</description><app:edited xmlns:app="http://www.w3.org/2007/app">2011-03-25T20:39:21.287+07:00</app:edited><media:thumbnail url="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/TCXjHf_LErI/AAAAAAAAHdw/iX1YQLWsCc0/s72-c/Ngan+hang+kien+thuc+trong+Lua.jpg" height="72" width="72" /><thr:total xmlns:thr="http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0">2</thr:total><feedburner:origLink>http://foodcrops.blogspot.com/2010/06/day-va-hoc-truc-tuyen-cay-lua.html</feedburner:origLink></item><item><title>Current situation of cassava in Vietnam and the breeding of improved cultivars</title><link>http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/FoodCrops/~3/MBcPBQ9A1VU/current-situation-of-cassava-in-vietnam.html</link><category>Current situation of cassava in Vietnam and the breeding of improved cultivars</category><author>hoangkim_vietnam@yahoo.com (hoangkimvietnam and hoanglong)</author><pubDate>Mon, 11 Apr 2011 09:02:43 PDT</pubDate><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4930984968650892465.post-8805997887175692346</guid><description>&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;FOOD CROPS. This report cover of: 1) Current situation of cassava in Vietnam and its potential as a bio-fuel; 2) The selection of cassava materials derived from CIAT. 3) progress of cassava varietal improvement in Vietnam (Update: December 2009)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Hoang Kim1, Nguyen Van Bo2, Nguyen Phuong1, Hoang Long 3, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;, sans-serif;"&gt;Tran Cong Khanh 3, Nguyen Trong Hien 2, Hernan Ceballos4, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;, sans-serif;"&gt;Rod Lefroy 4, Keith Fahrney 4, Reinhardt Howeler4 and Tin Maung Aye4&amp;nbsp;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;, sans-serif;"&gt;ABSTRACT&lt;b&gt;. &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;, sans-serif;"&gt;In 2009 cassava production in Vietnam was about 9.45 million tonnes, up from only 1.99 million tonnes in 2000. This was the result of both area expansion, from 237.600 ha to 560.400 ha, and marked increases in yield, from 8.36 t/ha in 2000 to 16.90 t/ha in 2009. Vietnam has made the fastest progress in application of new technologies in breeding and new varieties propagation in Asia. Such progress has been considered as a result of many factors, of which the success in breeding and application of new technologies were the main contributing factors. Cassava yields and production in several provinces have more than doubled due to the planting of new high-yielding cassava varieties in about 500.000 ha, mainly KM94, KM140, KM98-5, KM98-1, SM937-26. KM98-7 varieties. and the adoption of more sustainable production practices. Cassava chips and starch is now being produced competitively, and cassava markets are promising. The combination of wide spread production of fresh cassava roots and the processing of cassava into chips starch and ethanol has created many jobs, has increased exports, attracted foreign investment, and contributed to industrialization and modernization of several rural areas. The largest array of field trials to evaluate cassava varieties for improved ethanol production from the CIAT core collection that is held in Vietnam and from the breeding programmes of VNCP research partners. A total of 24.073 cassava sexual seeds from CIAT and 37,210 seeds from 9- 15 cross combinations made in Vietnam 38 breeding lines (mainly from Thailand), and 31 local farmer's varieties. have been planted. Of these, 98 of the best lines are now in the final stages of the selection process. and three of the most promising, KM140, KM98-5 and KM98-7 has recently been released in the period 2007 - 2009. The new advanced cassava varieties KM297, KM228, KM318, KM325, KM397, KM21-12, SC5, HB60 are being undertaken in the Regional Yield Trials (RYT) of Tay Ninh, Ninh Thuan. and Yen Bai provinces.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Key words&lt;/b&gt;: Current situation of cassava in Vietnam, the selection of cassava materials derived from CIAT&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;, sans-serif;"&gt;____________&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;, sans-serif;"&gt;1 Nong Lam University (NLU). Linh Trung. Thu Duc. Ho Chi Minh City. Viet Nam. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="mailto:hoangkim_vietnam@yahoo.com"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;, sans-serif;"&gt;hoangkim_vietnam@yahoo.com&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;, sans-serif;"&gt; ; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="mailto:phuongdtg@yahoo.com"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;, sans-serif;"&gt;phuongdtg@yahoo.com&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;, sans-serif;"&gt; &amp;nbsp;; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://cropsforbiofuel.blogspot.com/"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;, sans-serif;"&gt;http://cropsforbiofuel.blogspot.com&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;, sans-serif;"&gt; ,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;a href="http://biofuelexperts.ning.com/profile/HoangKimVietnam"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;, sans-serif;"&gt;http://biofuelexperts.ning.com/profile/HoangKimVietnam&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;, sans-serif;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;, sans-serif;"&gt;2 Vietnam Academy of Agricultural Sciences (VAAS). Van Dien. Thanh Tri. Ha Noi &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="mailto:nvbo@hn.vnn.vnn"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;, sans-serif;"&gt;nvbo@hn.vnn.vnn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;, sans-serif;"&gt; ; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="mailto:trong_hienccc@yahoo.com"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;, sans-serif;"&gt;trong_hienccc@yahoo.com&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;, sans-serif;"&gt; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;, sans-serif;"&gt;3 Institute of Agriculture Science for Southern Vietnam (IAS); 121 Nguyen Binh Khiem dist. 1. Ho Chi Minh city. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="mailto:trancongkhanh_vietnam@yahoo.com.vn"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;, sans-serif;"&gt;trancongkhanh_vietnam@yahoo.com.vn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;, sans-serif;"&gt; ; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="mailto:luckydragon1985@yahoo.com"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;, sans-serif;"&gt;luckydragon1985@yahoo.com&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;, sans-serif;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;, sans-serif;"&gt;4 International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT). Cali. Colombia; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="mailto:h.ceballos@cgiar.org"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;, sans-serif;"&gt;h.ceballos@cgiar.org&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;, sans-serif;"&gt;; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="mailto:r.lefroy@CGIAR.ORG"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;, sans-serif;"&gt;r.lefroy@CGIAR.ORG&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;, sans-serif;"&gt; ; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="mailto:k.fahrney@cgiar.org"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;, sans-serif;"&gt;k.fahrney@cgiar.org&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;, sans-serif;"&gt; &amp;nbsp; ; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="mailto:r.howeler@cgiar.org"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;, sans-serif;"&gt;r.howeler@cgiar.org&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;, sans-serif;"&gt; ; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="mailto:t.aye@cgiar.org"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;, sans-serif;"&gt;t.aye@cgiar.org&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;, sans-serif;"&gt; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;, sans-serif;"&gt;INTRODUCTION&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;, sans-serif;"&gt;Cassava in Vietnam was about 9.39 million tonnes in 2008. up from only 1.99 million tonnes in 2000. This was the result of both area expansion. from 237.600 ha to 556.000 ha. and marked increases in yield. from 8.36 t/ha in 2000 to 16.90 t/ha in 2008. Cassava now an important source of cash income to small farmers. The situation has changed because of the development of sustainable cultivation techniques and new high-yielding varieties with the availability of a large and growing market demand. Cassava has become a cash crop in many provinces of Vietnam and cassava markets are promising for export of cassava chips to China. Vietnam has developed an E10 policy requiring the production of 100 to 150 million liters per year. Petrovietnam plans to build three tapioca-based ethanol plants in the northern (Phu Tho). central (Quang Ngai) and southern Vietnam (Binh Phuoc). Each costing $80 million which will use cassava as feedstock. is expected to open in 18 months with total annual capacity of 300 million liters per year.. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;, sans-serif;"&gt;Vietnam has made the fastest progress in application of new technologies in breeding and new cultivar propagation in Asia. Such progress has been considered as a result of many factors. of which the success in breeding and application of new technologies were the main contributing factors. The combination of wide spread production of fresh cassava roots and the processing of cassava into chips starch and ethanol has created many jobs. has increased exports. attracted foreign investment. and contributed to industrialization and modernization of several rural areas The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (MARD) has planned to remain cassava area around 450.000 hectares from 2011 -2015 and efforts to increase fresh root yield from from 16.90 to 20.00 ton/ha in 2011 and 23.00 - 24.00 ton/ha in 2015 by using new technologies. especially in breeding (MARD 7256/TB-BNN-VP 25 12 2009). &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;, sans-serif;"&gt;To meet the demands raising cassava cultivation. we have caried out the study on the development of cassava cultivar good yield and qualities for different ecological zones in whole country in collaboration by Vietnam Academy of Agricultural Sciences (VAAS) and Nong Lam University (NLU) with International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT) linking the poor to global markets of IFAD/ICRISAT Project “Harnessing water –use efficiencet bio-energy crops for enhancing livehood opportunities of smallhooder farmers in Asia. Africa and Latin America”. This report cover of: 1) Current situation of cassava in Vietnam and its potential as a bio-fuel; 2) The selection of cassava materials derived from CIAT. 3) progress of cassava varietal improvement in Vietnam (Update: December 2009)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;CASSAVA IN VIETNAM AND ITS POTENTIAL AS A BIOFUEL&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;, sans-serif;"&gt;A new future of cassava for food. feed and bio-fuel&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;, sans-serif;"&gt;Cassava (&lt;i&gt;Manihot esculenta&lt;/i&gt; Crantz) ranks as the world’s fifth most important foot crop- after maize, rice, wheat and potato. Cassava originated in South America and expended wildly to Asia. Africa and being cultivated in 105 countries in a range from 39oN to 30oS. This crop is a staple food crop for many poor farm families around the world. It is also a source of commercial animal feed. starch for the food, candy, alcohol, noodle and pharmaceutical industries (&lt;b&gt;Fig. 1&lt;/b&gt;). &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify" class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/S9vBCiG_IoI/AAAAAAAAHNg/VonR2pGq97A/s1600/1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/S9vBCiG_IoI/AAAAAAAAHNg/VonR2pGq97A/s320/1.jpg" tt="true" /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Figure 1&lt;/b&gt;. Cassava production in the different countries in the world 2008 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;, sans-serif;"&gt;Source : FAO 2008 adapted by Hoang Long &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;, sans-serif;"&gt;Global production of cassava is around 232.95 million tons in year 2008 (&lt;b&gt;Table 1&lt;/b&gt;) and about 54% of cassava in the world was produced in Africa. 30% in Asia. and only 16% in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/S9vBpspoAII/AAAAAAAAHNo/QTKiYHyu71w/s1600/2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="243" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/S9vBpspoAII/AAAAAAAAHNo/QTKiYHyu71w/s400/2.jpg" tt="true" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;, sans-serif;"&gt;Cassava production in Asia increased at a high rate of 3% annually during the late 70s and early 80s. slowed down during the 90s. and has been growing quite rapidly again at 3.3% per year during the past ten years (Reinhardt Howeler and Keith Fahrne. 2008). &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify" class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/S9vCAWegcdI/AAAAAAAAHNw/fLVPIu77tPU/s1600/3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="352" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/S9vCAWegcdI/AAAAAAAAHNw/fLVPIu77tPU/s400/3.jpg" tt="true" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;, sans-serif;"&gt;Figure 2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;, sans-serif;"&gt;. Cassava production and yield trends in Vietnam and Asia’s principal cassava producing countries. 1961-2006. (Source: Reinhardt Howeler and Keith Fahrne. 2008)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;, sans-serif;"&gt;Impact simulations indicate that root and tubers will play economically important and increasingly diversified roles in developing country food systems over the next two decades (2020 vision by IFPRI and CIP: Gregory J.Scott. Mark W. Rosegrant. Claudia Ringler 2000). Cassava has one of the highest rates of CO2 fixation and sucrose synthesis for any C3 plant. This plant is dry land crop to have high water use efficiency being used as a suitable feedstock for ethanol production across Asia. Africa and Latin America . Bio-fuels are gaining importance ever since fossil fuel prices began skyrocketing due to geo-political issues and also the growing concerns all over about environmental pollution. Considering these issues. various developed and developing countries are formulating policies for mandatory blending of ethanol and bio-diesel (produced from renewable sources) with fossil fuels (petrol and diesel) resulting in a huge demand for raw materials for producing bio-fuel (UNEP 2009; Peter Baker 2009). In China. Brazil. Nigeria. Thailand. Indonesia. Colombia. Vietnam. Philippines and Cambodia. cassava is seen as an important crop to use for the production of bio – fuels. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;, sans-serif;"&gt;Cassava is among the four most important food crops in Vietnam (&lt;b&gt;Table 2&lt;/b&gt;) and also is water- use efficient bio-energy crop. Cassava now an important source of cash income to small farmers. Cassava chips and starch is being produced competitively.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify" class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/S9vCTDvdt-I/AAAAAAAAHN4/CXGxLUegg9A/s1600/4.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="212" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/S9vCTDvdt-I/AAAAAAAAHN4/CXGxLUegg9A/s400/4.jpg" tt="true" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;, sans-serif;"&gt;China import annually 500,000 tonnes of cassava starch, and 3.5 million tonnes of cassava dry chips. equivalent to about 12 million tonnes of fresh root, that is 1.5 times of Chinese annual production now (Tian Y Nong 2009). Continued improvements, such as the introduction of better cassava varieties and plantation techniques, are expected to increase unit production of the crop. Moreover, an additional 670.000 hectares of hillside wastelands in Guangxi are suitable for growing the crop, adding to the existing 270,000 hectares of plantations. The region will also be able to obtain a stable supply of cassava mainly from Vietnam and neighboring producer countries. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;, sans-serif;"&gt;Vietnam also has developed an E10 policy requiring the production of 100 to 150 million liters per year. Prime Minister approved “the scheme on bio-fuel development to 2015 and the vision to 2025”, aiming to produce bio-fuels and partly replace traditional fuels. contributing to ensure energy security and environment protection. Petrovietnam plans to build three tapioca-based ethanol plants in the northern (Phu Tho). central (Quang Ngai) and southern Vietnam (Binh Phuoc). Each costing $80 million which will use cassava as feedstock, is expected to open in 18 months with total annual capacity of 300 million liters per year. The combination of wide spread production of fresh cassava roots and the processing of cassava into chips starch and ethanol has created many jobs, has increased exports, attracted foreign investment. and contributed to industrialization and modernization of several rural areas. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;, sans-serif;"&gt;Current production and use of cassava in Vietnam&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;, sans-serif;"&gt;In Viet Nam about 66% of cassava is grown on Utisols, 17% on Inceptisols, 7% on Oxisols, 4% on Alfisols, 3% on Entisols and 2% on Vertisols. The soil pH generally varies from 4.5 to 6.0. In North Viet Nam, cassava is grown mainly in areas with hilly topography and about 68% of the cassava growing area has a rocky soil. while 12% have sandy soils, respectively. In South Vietnam cassava is grown mainly sandy-grey soils, these soils are flat and poor in nutrients, of the Central Coastal and the Southeast region, accounts for about 60 % of the total cassava area of the South. While more than 30% cassava is grown in the Central Highlands and Dong Nai, Binh Phuoc of Southeast region on red yellow soils with hilly topography. Due to these marked differences in cassava soil characteristics, research in the north should concentrate on erosion problems and soil fertility enhancement. Whereas in the south research on cassava variety improvement, soil fertility enhancement and conservation by using intercropping systems is of highest priority.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;, sans-serif;"&gt;In 2009 cassava planted area has reached 560.4 thousand hectares (&lt;b&gt;Table 3&lt;/b&gt;), in which about 78% of total area was allocated in the Central Coast, Central Highlands and Southeastern. It can be seen that the cassava production in Vietnam has been gradually shifted to the Central and the Southeast areas in the recent years, especially in Gia Lai, Kon Tum, Dak Nong and Dak Lak provinces in the Central Highlands; and Tay Ninh. Dong Nai, Binh Phuoc, Binh Thuan provinces in the Southeastern; and Quang Nam. Quang Ngai, Binh Dinh, Phu Yen provinces in the South Central Coast. The three regions all have increased the areas of cassava production with different levels. Prominent among three regions is the Central Highlands with a significant increase in period 2000 – 2009 (Table 4). http://www.gso.gov.vn/default.aspx?tabid=390&amp;amp;idmid=3&amp;amp;ItemID=8785. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify" class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/S9vCwStQDuI/AAAAAAAAHOA/VBSHRULofyU/s1600/5.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="268" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/S9vCwStQDuI/AAAAAAAAHOA/VBSHRULofyU/s400/5.jpg" tt="true" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;, sans-serif;"&gt;Cassava farm size in Viet Nam is small and cassava farms in the Southeastern Region are on average double the size of those in North Viet Nam. Cassava area per farm for all of Viet Nam average 0.27 ha, with extremes for the Southeast (0.85 ha) and the North Mountainous Region (0.20 ha). When farms are classified according to size, 31.6% of the sampled farms are smaller than 0.6 ha, 35.5% are between 0.6–1.05 ha, and the remaining 33% are larger than 1.05 ha. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;, sans-serif;"&gt;During the 1980s and 1990s cassava production in Vietnam was in decline. But in the past nine years (2000-2009). cassava production increased from 1.99 million tones in 2000 to 9.45 million tones in 2009. This was achieved through both area expansion. from 237.600 ha in 2000 to 560.400 ha in 2009 and marked increases in yield from 8.36 tons/ha in 2000 to 16.87 tons/ha in 2009. New high-yielding cassava varieties (&lt;b&gt;Table 5&lt;/b&gt;) and more sustainable production practices have increased the economic effectiveness of cassava production. In year 2009 more than 500.000 ha of new varieties, mainly KM94, KM140, KM98-5, KM98-1, SM937-26, KM98-7 were grown. this corresponds to more than 90 % of the total cassava area in whole country.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify" class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/S9vE5uGFaaI/AAAAAAAAHOI/nokZhJkllNk/s1600/6.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="226" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/S9vE5uGFaaI/AAAAAAAAHOI/nokZhJkllNk/s400/6.jpg" tt="true" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;, sans-serif;"&gt;According to the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, in the 2009-crop, Viet Nam has about 560,400 ha of cassava under production, 9.45 million tonnes of cassava were harvested, up 2,700 ha and an increase of 59,200 tonnes over 2008. Cassava yields and production in many provinces have doubled, stimulated by the construction of new large-scale cassava processing factories. The cassava output in each region/province has been corresponding to the planted area and yield which greatly depends on the application of new high-yielding cassava varieties in each province and the adoption of more sustainable production practices. While twenty years ago there were no medium- or large-scale cassava starch factories in Vietnam, there are now 60 cassava processing factories in operation with a total processing capacity of 3.2- 4.8 million tones of fresh roots/year. Total cassava starch production in Vietnam was about 800.000- 1.200.000 tones, of which 70% was exported and 30% used domestically. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;, sans-serif;"&gt;Vietnam is now probably the second largest exporter of cassava products after Thailand with 2.00 -4.00 million tones of cassava dry chip (&lt;b&gt;Table 6a&lt;/b&gt;). and about 0.4 -0.8 million tones of tapioca starch exported, respectively. Mainland China remained the biggest importer of Vietnamese cassava and accounted for 90 per cent of the industry’s export income. South Korea and Taiwan were the second and third biggest importers. Demand has soared, largely due to demand from China, which uses the root to produce ethanol. The total export in year 2009 around 4 million tonnes of cassava chip exports and more than 350 thousand tones of cassava starch and flour. Prices of cassava chip exports fell to a low of $135 a tonne at the beginning of year 2008, but have since risen to between $180 and $195 a tonne in last December 2009 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify" class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/S9vFN60MITI/AAAAAAAAHOQ/dPOFPTeRcxo/s1600/7.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="400" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/S9vFN60MITI/AAAAAAAAHOQ/dPOFPTeRcxo/s400/7.jpg" tt="true" width="348" /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;, sans-serif;"&gt;A case study of cassava market in the Central provinces of Vietnam . On average. labour cost accounts for 59.9% of cassava production costs. In some regions. like the Binh Dinh and the Gia Lai. this may be for 52.8% and 68.7%. respectively (&lt;b&gt;Table 7&lt;/b&gt;) &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify" class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/S9vFrNLwGjI/AAAAAAAAHOY/mz1awYu3LLw/s1600/8.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="302" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/S9vFrNLwGjI/AAAAAAAAHOY/mz1awYu3LLw/s400/8.jpg" tt="true" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;, sans-serif;"&gt;The average labour requirement for cassava production is 125 mandays/ha. The second largest cost item is fertilizer. constituting 41.8% in Binh Dinh and 24.7% in Gia Lai. depending on farmers’ investment in fertilizer. With the selling price of fresh root of 900 VND/kg; farmers can earn 10.720 to 11.200 thousand VND/hectare. The total variable cost of cultivation in Feb. 2008 was about US$ 455- 567.5/ha. at an average root yield of 22.0 t/ha. the production cost would be US$ 20.68- 25.79 /t fresh roots. Gross income is US$ 1.155- 1.237.5 /ha. Net income is US$ 670 - 700/ha. Reporting of farmers in : 32% of fresh root has been processed by farmers for exportation; 27% total fresh root for cassava starch processing, 22% of fresh root farmers sell to processing households, 19% farmers use for animal feeding or domestic consumption.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;, sans-serif;"&gt;THE SELECTION OF CASSAVA MATERIALS DERIVED FROM CIAT&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;, sans-serif;"&gt;The objectives of further genetic improvement of cassava varieties in Vietnam are: 1) to increase the yield potential, dry matter content and starch content, and enhance early harvestability; 2) Identification of cassava high-yield varieties suited to different agro-ecological zones and the integration of these into smallholder farming systems. 3) identifying the best cassava varieties for bioethanol production, In addition, the work above on breeding and pre-breeding lines will help define the breeding strategies for increased crop productivity and bioethanol production.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;, sans-serif;"&gt;The largest array of field trials are in Tay Hoa village. Trang Bom district. of Dong Nai province. These include trials to evaluate cassava varieties for improved ethanol production from the CIAT core collection that is held in Vietnam and from the breeding programmes of VNCP research partners (&lt;b&gt;Table 8&lt;/b&gt;). &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify" class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/S9vGEqDUqmI/AAAAAAAAHOg/46zaXENrHQc/s1600/9.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="306" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/S9vGEqDUqmI/AAAAAAAAHOg/46zaXENrHQc/s400/9.jpg" tt="true" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;, sans-serif;"&gt;The trials (&lt;b&gt;Table 9&lt;/b&gt;) include two trials for the Conservation of Elite Germplasm (CEG) and F1 Seeding Trials (F1). two Single Row Trials (SRT). two Preliminary Yield Trials (PYT). and two Standard Yield Trials (SYT). &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify" class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/S9vGXg_Z4aI/AAAAAAAAHOo/2LxBmAuLetc/s1600/10.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="186" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/S9vGXg_Z4aI/AAAAAAAAHOo/2LxBmAuLetc/s400/10.jpg" tt="true" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;, sans-serif;"&gt;The screening of quality characteristics likely to be related to improved fermentability continues with three pre-breeding accessions that have interesting traits for crossing and development into high-yielding varieties . The new advanced cassava varieties KM297, KM228, KM318, KM325, KM397, KM21-12, SC5, HB60 are being undertaken in the Regional Yield Trials (RYT) of Tay Ninh, Ninh Thuan. and Yen Bai provinces (&lt;b&gt;Table 10 Table 11, Table 12, Table 13 &lt;/b&gt;and&lt;b&gt; Table 14&lt;/b&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify" class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/S9vGrwejAXI/AAAAAAAAHOw/XMWWskNWVX8/s1600/11.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="400" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/S9vGrwejAXI/AAAAAAAAHOw/XMWWskNWVX8/s400/11.jpg" tt="true" width="382" /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify" class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/S9vHLnfi5eI/AAAAAAAAHO4/74n1pW6GnbU/s1600/12.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="271" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/S9vHLnfi5eI/AAAAAAAAHO4/74n1pW6GnbU/s400/12.jpg" tt="true" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify" class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify" class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="246" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/S9vHT67LWlI/AAAAAAAAHPA/in8IEWeNEb0/s400/13.jpg" tt="true" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify" class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify" class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify" class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/S9vHeTtVjtI/AAAAAAAAHPI/9PdqFfOelxE/s1600/14..jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="190" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/S9vHeTtVjtI/AAAAAAAAHPI/9PdqFfOelxE/s400/14..jpg" tt="true" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify" class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify" class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/S9vHuKNi1UI/AAAAAAAAHPQ/LNmIw8qo1I4/s1600/15.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="228" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/S9vHuKNi1UI/AAAAAAAAHPQ/LNmIw8qo1I4/s400/15.jpg" tt="true" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify" class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify" class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;PROGRESS OF CASSAVA VARIETAL IMPROVEMENT&lt;/b&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;, sans-serif;"&gt;Recent progress in cassava breeding&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;, sans-serif;"&gt;The aims of the cassava breeding are: to select and release new varieties with high-yield capacity of 35-40 t/ha, a starch content of 27-30%, a growing period of 8-10 months, erect stems, short internodes, less branching, compact canopy, uniform root size, white root flesh and suitable for industrial processing. As a result, two new cassava varieties KM140 and KM98-5 have been identified and released in South Vietnam in year 2007 and 2009; one new cassava variety KM98-7 also have been identified and released in North Vietnam in year 2008 with the yield higher than local check KM94. These varieties are being transferred to a large number of households in Vietnam. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;, sans-serif;"&gt;Cassava variety KM140 is a hybrid selected from KM98-1 x KM 36 cross in 1998 (&lt;b&gt;Figure 3&lt;/b&gt;). Thirty cassava comparison experiments and two experiments for determining the best harvesting time of some cassava cultivars were carried out. On red soil in South East region. experiments were planted at beginning of rainy season and harvested after planting from 6,7,8,9,10,11 and 12 months. On grey soil. planted at beginning rainy season and harvested after 10,11 and 12 months. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify" class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/S9vIH8q_34I/AAAAAAAAHPY/9kvsMNhUPNs/s1600/16.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="236" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/S9vIH8q_34I/AAAAAAAAHPY/9kvsMNhUPNs/s400/16.jpg" tt="true" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;, sans-serif;"&gt;The data revealed that KM140 has fresh root yield of 33.4 – 35.0 ton/ha. starch content of 26.1 -28.5%. starch yield of 9.5 – 10.0 ton/ha; better than that of KM94. Content of HCN in KM140 is 105.9 mg/kg dry matter. it can be used as fresh consumption. lower than that of KM94; its harvest index was 65%. good resistance to pests and diseases (&lt;b&gt;Figure 4&lt;/b&gt;) . &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify" class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/S9vIZR4RjeI/AAAAAAAAHPg/q0-RucotF3k/s1600/17.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="215" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/S9vIZR4RjeI/AAAAAAAAHPg/q0-RucotF3k/s400/17.jpg" tt="true" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;, sans-serif;"&gt;In South East region. planting at middle of rainy season and harvesting 10 months later revealed that all cassava cultivars gave low starch content (16.6%-22.5%). If harvested 11 months after planting. almost cultivars had starch content around 25% satisfying the requirement of processors. If harvested 12 months after planting most of the cultivars gave good fresh root yield and starch content. but this would cause inconveniences for next crop cultivation. Planting at beginning rainy season and harvesting at 7.8 and 9 months after. KM140 gave fresh root yields of 23.5. 26.7 and 28.7 ton/ha. respectively. equal to that of KM94. Starch content of KM140 harvested 8 months after planting was 28.4% higher than of KM94 (26.2%). with signnificant difference (&lt;b&gt;Figure 5&lt;/b&gt;). &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify" class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/S9vIpbcf5fI/AAAAAAAAHPo/yCABv7BiTgc/s1600/18.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="232" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/S9vIpbcf5fI/AAAAAAAAHPo/yCABv7BiTgc/s400/18.jpg" tt="true" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;, sans-serif;"&gt;Cassava variety KM98-5 is a hybrid selected from KM98-1 x Rayong 90 cross in 1998. On grey soil of Tay Ninh province. KM89-5 has fresh root yield of 34.5 – 37.8 ton/ha. starch content of 27.2 -29.8%. starch yield of 10.0 – 11.7 ton/ha; higher than that of KM94 and KM140. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;, sans-serif;"&gt;KM140, KM98-5, KM98-7, SM937-26. KM98-1 are now playing an important role in cassava production in South East and Central Coastal regions. Central Highlands in the South (Tran Cong Khanh, Hoang Kim, Vo Van Tuan, Nguyen Huu Hy, Dao Huy Chien, Pham Van Bien, Reinhardt Howeler and Hernan Ceballos 2009, 2007, Tran Cong Khanh 2007; Vu Van Quy 2009, Le Van Luan 2008, Nguyen Thi Cach 2007). &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;, sans-serif;"&gt;Two new cassava varieties KM98-7 and KM21-12 are being transferred to a large number of households in the Northern mountainous areas (Nguyen Trong Hien, Ha Dinh Tuan, Nguyen Thi Ngoc Binh 2009; Trinh Phuong Loan, Nguyen Trong Hien, Dao Huy Chien, Tran Ngoc Ngoan, Nguyen Viet Hung et al. 2008).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;, sans-serif;"&gt;Improvement of crop productivity&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;, sans-serif;"&gt;The productivity of cassava can be increased by selection of the most appropriate varieties as well as by using the most appropriate cultural methods of production. including appropriate fertilizer applications. soil erosion control. and intercropping. Trials have been established at the pilot sites in Dong Nai. Yen Bai. and Thua Thien Hue provinces to determine (i) the agronomic potential of intercropping systems that include cassava with sweet sorghum. or maize. or groundnut; (ii) the best management practices for these cropping systems, with particular reference to integrated soil fertility management and soil erosion control; and (iii) the best. high yielding varieties of sweet sorghum. maize. and groundnut to intercrop with cassava. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;, sans-serif;"&gt;The varieties selected for evaluation with cassava were: Six sweet sorghum lines from ICRISAT (ICSB38. PVK801. ICSR93034. ICSV574. NTJ2. and IS41333). one groundnut cultivar from ICRISAT (ICGV91114). and six new maize varieties from NLU and HARC in Viet Nam. In addition. two pigeon pea cultivars (ICP7035 and ICPL 20092) were obtained from ICRISAT for evaluation.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;, sans-serif;"&gt;Two on-farm trials using cassava variety KM140 intercropped with maize variety VN25- 99 are being undertaken at the pilot site in Tay Hoa village. Trang Bom district. Dong Nai province to determine best management practices for cassava-maize cropping systems (&lt;b&gt;Table 15&lt;/b&gt; and &lt;b&gt;Figure 6&lt;/b&gt;). &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify" class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/S9vKJScGqpI/AAAAAAAAHPw/P08F3s5SWak/s1600/19.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="270" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/S9vKJScGqpI/AAAAAAAAHPw/P08F3s5SWak/s400/19.jpg" tt="true" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify" class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/S9vKir7B5gI/AAAAAAAAHP4/xO4dnaenFC0/s1600/20.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="252" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/S9vKir7B5gI/AAAAAAAAHP4/xO4dnaenFC0/s400/20.jpg" tt="true" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;, sans-serif;"&gt;Similar on-farm trials using cassava variety KM94 intercropped with groundnut varieties L14. HL25 are being undertaken to determine best management practices for cassava- peanut cropping systems (&lt;b&gt;Table 16&lt;/b&gt;). Three of the cassava-peanut on-farm trails are being implemented at the pilot site in Phong My village, Phong Dien district, Thua Thien Hue province, and another in Tay Hoa village. Trang Bom district. Dong Nai province, and Mau Dong village, Van Yen district, Yen Bai province. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify" class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/S9vKwwbeKYI/AAAAAAAAHQA/3OOk92GWGT0/s1600/21.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="287" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/S9vKwwbeKYI/AAAAAAAAHQA/3OOk92GWGT0/s400/21.jpg" tt="true" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION&lt;/b&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;, sans-serif;"&gt;Conclusion &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;, sans-serif;"&gt;Vietnam is a classic example of how cassava can contribute to rural industrialization and development. Previously. people were reluctant to grow cassava because they thought that cassava caused soil degradation and produced low profits. But in reality one hectare of cassava can produce 60-80 tones of fresh roots and leaves. The situation has changed because of the development of sustainable cultivation techniques and new high-yielding varieties with the availability of a large and growing market demand. Cassava has become a cash crop in Vietnam. Cassava chips and starch is now being produced competitively, and cassava markets are promising. The combination of wide spread production of fresh cassava roots and the processing of cassava into chips starch and ethanol has created many jobs, has increased exports. attracted foreign investment. and contributed to industrialization and modernization of several rural areas. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;, sans-serif;"&gt;The largest array of field trials to evaluate cassava varieties for improved ethanol production from the CIAT core collection that is held in Vietnam and from the breeding programmes of VNCP research partners A total of 24.073 cassava sexual seeds from CIAT and 37.210 seeds from 9- 15 cross combinations made in Vietnam 38 breeding lines (mainly from Thailand), and 31 local farmer's varieties. have been planted. Of these. 98 of the best lines are now in the final stages of the selection process. and three of the most promising, KM140, KM98-5 and KM98-7 has recently been released in the period 2007 - 2009. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;, sans-serif;"&gt;The new advanced cassava varieties KM297, KM228, KM318, KM325, KM397, KM21-12, SC5, HB60 are being undertaken in the Regional Yield Trials (RYT) of Tay Ninh, Ninh Thuan. and Yen Bai provinces&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Recommendation&lt;/b&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;, sans-serif;"&gt;After twenty years of development (1991-2010). intensive cassava research and extension have changed cassava from being a food crop to being an industrial crop. Cassava in Vietnam is now promising for export and domestic use. VNCP was agreed to emphasize the following five topics: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;, sans-serif;"&gt;1. Determination of an appropriate strategy for cassava research and development cooperation with processing factories in establishing areas with a stable source of raw materials; use of cassava for bio- ethanol.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;, sans-serif;"&gt;2. Selection of cassava doubled haploid lines derived from materials of CIAT and applying mutation in cassava breeding; Selection and dissemination of high-yielding varieties with high starch contents; Selection and development varieties with high root yield, short duration and improvement of quality and nutritional value of cassava.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;, sans-serif;"&gt;3. Research on integrated cultivation techniques and transfer of appropriate cultivation techniques to farmers to increase the productivity and economic efficiency of cassava production in different eco-regions.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;, sans-serif;"&gt;4. Research on the development of cassava processing technologies; Use of cassava leaves and roots in animal feeds and food processing. Cassava starch, ethanol effluent and byproducts transformation into animal feed and fertilizers. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;, sans-serif;"&gt;5. Development of local and export markets for cassava products.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;, sans-serif;"&gt;REFERENCE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Assessing Biofuels, UNEP 2009&lt;/b&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.unep.fr/scp/rpanel/pdf/Assessing_Biofuels_Full_Report.pdf"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;, sans-serif;"&gt;http://www.unep.fr/scp/rpanel/pdf/Assessing_Biofuels_Full_Report.pdf &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;FAO 2009&lt;/b&gt;. FAOSTAT (&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://faostat.fao.org/"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;, sans-serif;"&gt;http://faostat.fao.org&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;, sans-serif;"&gt;/)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Hernan Ceballos, J.C. Perez, F. Calle, G. Jaramillo, J.I. Lenis, N. Morante and J.Lepes 2007a&lt;/b&gt;. A New Evaluation Scheme for Cassava Breeding at CIAT In: CIAT 2007. Cassava research and development in Asia. Exploring New Opportunities for an Ancient Crop. R.H. Howeler (Ed.). p. 125-135. In: Sustainable cassava production in Asia. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.ciat.%20cgiar.org/asia_cassava"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;, sans-serif;"&gt;http://www.ciat. cgiar.org/asia_cassava &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Hernan Ceballos. J.C. Perez, C.Ilglesias, M.Fregene, F. Calle, G. Jaramillo, N. Morante and J.Lopes 2007b&lt;/b&gt;. The Use of Doubled-Haploids in Cassava Breeding. In: CIAT 2007. Cassava research and development in Asia. Exploring New Opportunities for an Ancient Crop. R.H. Howeler (Ed.). p. 150-160. In: Sustainable cassava production in Asia. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.ciat.%20cgiar.org/asia_cassava"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;, sans-serif;"&gt;http://www.ciat. cgiar.org/asia_cassava &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Hoang Kim, Tran Ngoc Ngoan, Trinh Phuong Loan, Bui Trang Viet, Vo Van Tuan, Tran Cong Khanh, Tran Ngoc Quyen and Hernan Ceballos 2007&lt;/b&gt;. Genetic improvement of cassava in Vietnam: Current status and future approaches. In: CIAT 2007. Cassava research and development in Asia. Exploring New Opportunities for an Ancient Crop. R.H. Howeler (Ed.). p. 118-124 In: Sustainable cassava production in Asia. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.ciat.%20cgiar.org/asia_cassava"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;, sans-serif;"&gt;http://www.ciat. cgiar.org/asia_cassava &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Hoang Kim, Pham Van Bien, Reinhardt Howeler, Joel J. Wang, Tran Ngoc Ngoan, Kazuo Kawano, Hernan Ceballos 2005&lt;/b&gt;. The history and recent developments of the cassava sector in Vietnam. In: Innovative technologies for commercialization: Concise papers of The Second International Symposium on Sweetpotato and Cassava. 14-17 June 2005. Corus Hotel. Kuala Lumpur. Malaysia/ jointly organized by MARDI. ISHS with cooperation of F BRG. USM. p. 26-27. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Hoang Kim, Pham Van Bien and R.H. Howeler 2003&lt;/b&gt;. Status of cassava in Vietnam: Implications for future research and development. In: A review of cassava in Asia with country case studies on Thailand and Viet Nam; FAO-IFAD-CIAT-CIRAD-IITA-NRI. Proceedings of the validation forum on the Global Cassava Development Strategy held in FAO - Rome. Italy. April 26-28. 2000. Volume 3. Rome. Italy. p 103-184. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.fao.org/docrep/009/y1177e/y1177e00.htm"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;, sans-serif;"&gt;http://www.fao.org/docrep/009/y1177e/y1177e00.htm&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;, sans-serif;"&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Hoang Kim, Kazuo Kawano, Pham Van Bien, Tran Ngoc Ngoan, Tran Ngoc Quyen, Trinh Phuong Loan 2001&lt;/b&gt;. Cassava breeding and varietal dissemination in Vietnam from 1975 to 2000. In: CIAT. Cassava’s Potential in the 21st Centery: Present Situation and Future Research and Development Needs. Proc. 6th Regional Workshop. held in HoChiMinh city. Vietnam. Feb. 21-25.2000. Howeler R.H. and S.L. Tan (Ed.). Bangkok. Thailand. p 147-160. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Kazuo Kawano 2001&lt;/b&gt; The role of improved cassava cultivars in generating income for better farm management. In: R.H. Howeler and S.L. Tan (Eds.). Cassava’s Potential in the 21st Centery: Present Situation and Future Research and Development Needs. Proc. 6th Regional Workshop. held in Ho Chi Minh city. Vietnam. Feb. 21-25. 2000. pp. 5-15&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Nguyen Thi Cach, Nguyen Thi Hoa Ly, R.H. Howeler, Tran Ngoc Ngoan, Tran Van Minh, Hoang Trong Khang, Dao Thi Phuong, Le Van An, Vu Thi Lua, Pham Van Bien, Le Van Phuoc, Hoang Kim 2007&lt;/b&gt;. Farmer Participatory Variety Trials Conducted in Vietnam In: CIAT 2007. Cassava research and development in Asia/ Exploring New Opportunities for an Ancient Crop. R.H. Howeler (Ed.). p. 363-376 In: Sustainable cassava production in Asia. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.ciat.%20cgiar.org/asia_cassava"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;, sans-serif;"&gt;http://www.ciat. cgiar.org/asia_cassava &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Peter Baker 2009&lt;/b&gt;. What’s in the news: Biofuel December 2009. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://biofuelexperts.ning.com/page/whats-in-the-news-december"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;, sans-serif;"&gt;http://biofuelexperts.ning.com/page/whats-in-the-news-december &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Pham Van Bien, Hoang Kim, Tran Ngoc Ngoan, Reinhardt Howeler and Joel J. Wang 2007&lt;/b&gt;. New developments in the cassava sector of Vietnam. In: CIAT 2007. Cassava research and development in Asia. Exploring New Opportunities for an Ancient Crop. R.H. Howeler (Ed.). p. 25-32 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.ciat.cgiar.org/asia_cassava"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;, sans-serif;"&gt;http://www.ciat.cgiar.org/asia_cassava&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;, sans-serif;"&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Pham Van Bien, Hoang Kim, Joel J. Wang and R.H. Howeler 2001&lt;/b&gt;. Present Situation of Cassava Production and the Research and Development Strategy in Vietnam. In: CIAT.Cassava’s Potential in the 21st Centery: Present Situation and Future Research and Development Needs. Proc. 6th Regional Workshop. held in HoChiMinh city. Vietnam. Feb. 21-25.2000. Howeler R.H. and S.L. Tan (Ed.). Bangkok. Thailand. p 16-24. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://danforthcenter.org/iltab/cassavanet"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;, sans-serif;"&gt;http://danforthcenter.org/iltab/cassavanet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Tran Cong Khanh, Hoang Kim, Vo Van Tuan, Nguyen Huu Hy, Dao Huy Chien, Pham Van Bien, Reinhardt Howeler and Hernan Ceballos 2009, 2007&lt;/b&gt;. Selection and development of cassava cultivar KM140. In: NLU, Faculty of Agriculture, 2007. Research Highlight, p. 65-71; Cassava variety KM 140 was awarded the first-grade prize;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://srmo.hcmuaf.edu.vn/data/file/tap%20chi/2007/so%201/NH-TCKhanh.pdf%20;http://www2.hcmuaf.edu.vn/data/hoangkim/Poster%20KM140%202009%20(A4)%203%20trang.pdf"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;, sans-serif;"&gt;http://srmo.hcmuaf.edu.vn/data/file/tap%20chi/2007/so%201/NH-TCKhanh.pdf ;http://www2.hcmuaf.edu.vn/data/hoangkim/Poster%20KM140%202009%20(A4)%203%20trang.pdf&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Tran Ngoc Ngoan 2008&lt;/b&gt;. Evolution of FPR methodologies used and results obtained in Vietnam. In: CIAT 2008. R.H.Howeler (Ed.) Integrated Cassava – base Cropping Systems in Asia- Working with Farmers to Enhance Adoption of More Sustainable Production Practices. Proceedings of the Workshop on the Nippon Foundation Cassava Project in Thailand. Vietnam and China held in Thainguyen. Vietnam. Oct 27-31. 2003.p 92-104&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Tran Ngoc Ngoan and R.H. Howeler 2007&lt;/b&gt;. The adoption of new technologies and the socio-economic impact of the Nippon Foundation cassava project in Vietnam. In R.H.Howeler (Ed.) Cassava research and Development in Asia: Exploring New Opportunities for an Ancient Crop. Proc. 7 th Regional Workshop. held in Bangkok. Thailand. Oct 28-Nov 1. 2002. p. 387-399.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Reinhardt Howeler and Keith Fahrne, 2008&lt;/b&gt; Cassava production and utilization in asia and its potential as a bio-fuel. Paper presented at NexGen Bio Ethanol Conference in Bangkok. Thailand. April 22-24. 2008&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Reinhardt H. Howeler, 2008&lt;/b&gt; Background and general methodology used in the Nippon Foundation project. In: CIAT 2008. Integrated Cassava – base Cropping Systems in Asia- Working with Farmers to Enhance Adoption of More Sustainable Production Practices. Proceedings of the Workshop on the Nippon Foundation Cassava Project in Thailand. Vietnam and China held in Thainguyen. Vietnam. Oct 27-31. 2003. p 5-32&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Zaida Letini, Hernan Ceballos 2003&lt;/b&gt;. Development of a Protocol for the Generation of Cassava Doubled- Haploids and their Use in Breeding. In Developping Haploid Technology for &lt;i&gt;Manihot esculenta&lt;/i&gt; Crants (Cassava). Proceedings Planning Workshop. CIAT. Cali. Colombia. June 11-12. 2003. Sponsored by the Rockefeller Foundation and the United Nations Development Program. 17 p.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/S9vUVv3ypeI/AAAAAAAAHQI/rUgvqpkS2Bg/s1600/22.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="296" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/S9vUVv3ypeI/AAAAAAAAHQI/rUgvqpkS2Bg/s400/22.jpg" tt="true" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;FOOD CROPS
www.foodcrops.blogspot.com&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/4930984968650892465-8805997887175692346?l=foodcrops.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/FoodCrops/~4/MBcPBQ9A1VU" height="1" width="1"/&gt;</description><app:edited xmlns:app="http://www.w3.org/2007/app">2011-04-11T23:02:43.371+07:00</app:edited><media:thumbnail url="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/S9vBCiG_IoI/AAAAAAAAHNg/VonR2pGq97A/s72-c/1.jpg" height="72" width="72" /><thr:total xmlns:thr="http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0">0</thr:total><enclosure url="http://www.unep.fr/scp/rpanel/pdf/Assessing_Biofuels_Full_Report.pdf" length="9694633" type="application/pdf" /><media:content url="http://www.unep.fr/scp/rpanel/pdf/Assessing_Biofuels_Full_Report.pdf" fileSize="9694633" type="application/pdf" /><itunes:explicit>yes</itunes:explicit><itunes:subtitle>FOOD CROPS. This report cover of: 1) Current situation of cassava in Vietnam and its potential as a bio-fuel; 2) The selection of cassava materials derived from CIAT. 3) progress of cassava varietal improvement in Vietnam (Update: December 2009) Hoang Kim</itunes:subtitle><itunes:author>hoangkimvietnam and hoanglong</itunes:author><itunes:summary>FOOD CROPS. This report cover of: 1) Current situation of cassava in Vietnam and its potential as a bio-fuel; 2) The selection of cassava materials derived from CIAT. 3) progress of cassava varietal improvement in Vietnam (Update: December 2009) Hoang Kim1, Nguyen Van Bo2, Nguyen Phuong1, Hoang Long 3, Tran Cong Khanh 3, Nguyen Trong Hien 2, Hernan Ceballos4, Rod Lefroy 4, Keith Fahrney 4, Reinhardt Howeler4 and Tin Maung Aye4&amp;nbsp;. ABSTRACT. In 2009 cassava production in Vietnam was about 9.45 million tonnes, up from only 1.99 million tonnes in 2000. This was the result of both area expansion, from 237.600 ha to 560.400 ha, and marked increases in yield, from 8.36 t/ha in 2000 to 16.90 t/ha in 2009. Vietnam has made the fastest progress in application of new technologies in breeding and new varieties propagation in Asia. Such progress has been considered as a result of many factors, of which the success in breeding and application of new technologies were the main contributing factors. Cassava yields and production in several provinces have more than doubled due to the planting of new high-yielding cassava varieties in about 500.000 ha, mainly KM94, KM140, KM98-5, KM98-1, SM937-26. KM98-7 varieties. and the adoption of more sustainable production practices. Cassava chips and starch is now being produced competitively, and cassava markets are promising. The combination of wide spread production of fresh cassava roots and the processing of cassava into chips starch and ethanol has created many jobs, has increased exports, attracted foreign investment, and contributed to industrialization and modernization of several rural areas. The largest array of field trials to evaluate cassava varieties for improved ethanol production from the CIAT core collection that is held in Vietnam and from the breeding programmes of VNCP research partners. A total of 24.073 cassava sexual seeds from CIAT and 37,210 seeds from 9- 15 cross combinations made in Vietnam 38 breeding lines (mainly from Thailand), and 31 local farmer's varieties. have been planted. Of these, 98 of the best lines are now in the final stages of the selection process. and three of the most promising, KM140, KM98-5 and KM98-7 has recently been released in the period 2007 - 2009. The new advanced cassava varieties KM297, KM228, KM318, KM325, KM397, KM21-12, SC5, HB60 are being undertaken in the Regional Yield Trials (RYT) of Tay Ninh, Ninh Thuan. and Yen Bai provinces. Key words: Current situation of cassava in Vietnam, the selection of cassava materials derived from CIAT____________ 1 Nong Lam University (NLU). Linh Trung. Thu Duc. Ho Chi Minh City. Viet Nam. hoangkim_vietnam@yahoo.com ; phuongdtg@yahoo.com &amp;nbsp;; http://cropsforbiofuel.blogspot.com ,http://biofuelexperts.ning.com/profile/HoangKimVietnam 2 Vietnam Academy of Agricultural Sciences (VAAS). Van Dien. Thanh Tri. Ha Noi nvbo@hn.vnn.vnn ; trong_hienccc@yahoo.com &amp;nbsp; 3 Institute of Agriculture Science for Southern Vietnam (IAS); 121 Nguyen Binh Khiem dist. 1. Ho Chi Minh city. trancongkhanh_vietnam@yahoo.com.vn ; luckydragon1985@yahoo.com 4 International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT). Cali. Colombia; h.ceballos@cgiar.org; r.lefroy@CGIAR.ORG ; k.fahrney@cgiar.org &amp;nbsp; ; r.howeler@cgiar.org ; t.aye@cgiar.org &amp;nbsp; INTRODUCTIONCassava in Vietnam was about 9.39 million tonnes in 2008. up from only 1.99 million tonnes in 2000. This was the result of both area expansion. from 237.600 ha to 556.000 ha. and marked increases in yield. from 8.36 t/ha in 2000 to 16.90 t/ha in 2008. Cassava now an important source of cash income to small farmers. The situation has changed because of the development of sustainable cultivation techniques and new high-yielding varieties with the availability of a large and growing market demand. Cassava has become a cash crop in many provinces of Vietnam and cassava markets are promising for export of cassava chips to China. Vietnam has developed an E10 policy requiring the product</itunes:summary><itunes:keywords>foodcrops,cây,lương,thực,luagaovietnam,cropsforbiofuel,rice,maize,cassavaviet,cassavanews,ngô,sắn,khoai,lang</itunes:keywords><feedburner:origLink>http://foodcrops.blogspot.com/2010/05/current-situation-of-cassava-in-vietnam.html</feedburner:origLink></item><item><title>Giống lúa lai F1 thích hợp cho các tỉnh phía Nam</title><link>http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/FoodCrops/~3/ih8nUeDQu1w/giong-lua-lai-f1-thich-hop-cho-cac-tinh.html</link><category>Giống lúa lai F1 thích hợp cho các tỉnh phía Nam</category><author>hoangkim_vietnam@yahoo.com (hoangkimvietnam and hoanglong)</author><pubDate>Wed, 28 Jul 2010 09:40:44 PDT</pubDate><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4930984968650892465.post-7232078129608848145</guid><description>&lt;div style="font-family: Times,&amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;FOOD CROPS. Nguyễn Chí Công, Hoàng Kim chọn lọc và tổng hợp. Hiện tại Việt Nam sản xuất&amp;nbsp;hàng năm&amp;nbsp;3.500 – 4.000 tấn hạt giống lúa lai F1, cung cấp 20 – 25 % tổng nhu cầu hạt giống để gieo trồng trên diện tích ước 600.000 ha lúa lai mỗi năm.&amp;nbsp;Lúa lai thương phẩm được phát triển mạnh ở các tỉnh miền núi phía Bắc, miền Trung và Tây Nguyên. Năng suất bình quân đạt 6,0 – 6,5 tấn/ha, cao hơn lúa thuần 15 – 20 %. Các tổ hợp đang được sử dụng phổ biến gồm Bác ưu 903, Bác ưu 64, Shan ưu quế 99, Nhị ưu 63, Nhị ưu 838, TH3-3, VL20, HYT 83... Tổng kinh phí khuyến nông dành cho lúa lai là 15 tỷ đồng từ năm 1991 đến năm 2006, kinh phí khuyến nông hỗ trợ sản xuất hạt giống khoảng 52 tỷ đồng từ năm 1994 – 2007. Các vùng chuyên sản xuất hạt giống đã được hình thành tại Nam Định, Thanh Hóa, Lào Cai, Quảng Nam, Đắc Lắc... Các giống lúa lai nhiệt đới đang được ưa chuộng ở các tỉnh phía Nam trong vài năm gần đây là Arize B-TE1, Arize XL – 94017 (của công ty Bayer CropScience), PAC 807 (công ty Giống Cây trồng Miền Nam nhập của Ấn Độ), Bio 404 (Công ty Bioseed Việt Nam&amp;nbsp; nhập của Ấn Độ).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: Times,&amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif;"&gt;Lúa là cây lương thực chính tại Việt Nam, cung cấp lương thực và là ngành sản xuất truyền thống trong nông nghiệp. Mục tiêu sản xuất lúa đến năm 2010 là duy trì diện tích trồng lúa ở mức 3,96 triệu ha, sản lượng đạt 40 triệu tấn, cao hơn năm 2003 là 5,5 triệu tấn (Thủ tướng Chính phủ, quyết định số 150/2005/QĐ-TTg ngày 20/6/ 2005). Để đạt được mục tiêu trên, khả năng mở rộng diện tích không nhiều, và có thể ảnh hưởng đến hệ sinh thái, do vậy chủ yếu phải tăng năng suất. Giống là một biện pháp kỹ thuật để tăng năng suất hiệu quả nhất. Sử dụng ưu thế lai của cây lúa để tạo ra những giống lai F1 năng suất cao đang được nghiên cứu và sử dụng trong những năm gần đây. &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: Times,&amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: Times,&amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif;"&gt;Việt Nam bắt đầu nghiên cứu lúa ưu thế lai vào năm 1983. Lúa lai thương phẩm được gieo trồng tại Việt Nam từ những năm 1991. Lúa lai đã thể hiện được ưu thế về: tiềm năng năng suất, chịu thâm canh và khả năng chống chịu sâu bệnh. Diện tích lúa lai tăng lên nhanh chóng từ 59 ha năm 1991 lên 584.000 ha năm 2006 Động lực thúc đẩy phát triển lúa lai với tốc độ nhanh là sự kết hợp của ba yếu tố: tiềm năng ưu thế lai cao về năng suất, sự quan tâm của lãnh đạo và chính sách hợp lý của Nhà nước.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: Times,&amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: Times,&amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif;"&gt;Lúa lai từ khi du nhập vào Việt Nam đã phát triển vượt bậc thúc đẩy nhu cầu sản xuất giống. Diện tích sản xuất hạt giống lúa lai đã tăng từ 123 ha năm 1994 lên 1.430 ha năm 2007. Năng suất hạt giống lúa lai F1 ở Việt Nam đạt khoảng 2,0 tấn/ha, kỷ lục đạt 3,5 – 4,0 tấn/ha tại Nam Định, trên tổng số 1500 – 2000 ha/ năm.&amp;nbsp;Hiện tại Việt Nam sản xuất ra 3.500 – 4.000 tấn hạt lai F1/năm; cung cấp 20 – 25 % tổng nhu cầu hạt giống. Lúa lai thương phẩm được phát triển mạnh ở các tỉnh miền núi phía Bắc, miền Trung và Tây Nguyên. Năng suất bình quân đạt 6,0 – 6,5 tấn/ha, cao hơn lúa thuần từ 15 – 20 %. Các tổ hợp đang được sử dụng gồm Bác ưu 903, Bác ưu 64, Shan ưu quế 99, Nhị ưu 63, Nhị ưu 838, TH3-3, VL20, HYT 83. Tổng kinh phí khuyến nông dành cho lúa lai là 15 tỷ đồng từ năm 1991 đến năm 2006, kinh phí khuyến nông hỗ trợ sản xuất hạt giống khoảng 52 tỷ đồng từ năm 1994 – 2007. Các vùng chuyên sản xuất hạt giống được hình thành như Nam Định, Thanh Hóa, Lào Cai, Quảng Nam, Đắc Lắc.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: Times,&amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: Times,&amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif;"&gt;Qua 19 năm (1991 – 2010) công nghệ lúa lai đưa vào Việt Nam, Lúa lai đã có chỗ đứng khá bền vững, nông dân chấp nhận, góp phần đưa công nghệ trồng lúa của Việt Nam vươn tới trình độ cao của khu vực. Lúa lai không chỉ phát triển ở các tỉnh phía Bắc, mà hiện tại đã phát triển mạnh ở các khu vực khác mà trước đây chúng ta cho rằng không thể phát triển như Đồng bằng sông Cửu Long. Một số giống lúa lai nhiệt đới của một số công ty Bayer, Giống Gây trồng Miền Nam, Bioseed,…đã đưa ra thị trường và được ưa chuộng trong vài năm gần đây. Sau đây xin giới thiệu một số đặc tính các giống lúa lai nổi bật ở phía Nam&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: Times,&amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: Times,&amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;1. ARIZE B-TE1 – Sự đột phá hoàn hảo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-family: Times,&amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/S7AtuLNvuZI/AAAAAAAAGjI/q3UNpo7zESg/s1600/Lua+lai+ARIZE+B-TE1+.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" nt="true" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/S7AtuLNvuZI/AAAAAAAAGjI/q3UNpo7zESg/s320/Lua+lai+ARIZE+B-TE1+.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: Times,&amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif;"&gt;Nguồn gốc: Giống lúa lai Arize B-TE1 là giống lúa lai F1 ba dòng do công ty Bayer CropScience sản xuất và được công nhận giống quốc gia từ tháng 07/2007 cho các tỉnh phía Nam và công nhận cho các tỉnh phía Bắc từ tháng 3/2008 cho tất cả các vụ trong năm (&lt;a href="http://www.nongnghiep.vn/nongnghiepvn/vi-VN/61/158/45/89/89/5827/Default.aspx"&gt;Ảnh giống lúa Arize B-TE 1 của Nguyễn Sang báo Nông nghiệp Việt Nam&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;br /&gt;
Đặc tính chủ yếu:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: Times,&amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif;"&gt;+ Năng suất cao hơn lúa thường khoảng 20% trong cùng điều kiện canh tác&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: Times,&amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif;"&gt;+ Hạt thon nhỏ, gạo chất lượng cao, cơm mềm, thơm nhẹ, chất lượng nấu ăn tốt, được chấp nhận cao&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: Times,&amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif;"&gt;+ Kháng bệnh đạo ôn tốt (cấp 1), kháng rầy nâu trung bình&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: Times,&amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif;"&gt;+ Hạt gạo dài 6,4 – 6,5 mm&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: Times,&amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif;"&gt;+ Tiềm năng năng suất (năng suất lý thuyết) trên 10 tấn/ha tại ĐBSCL nếu thâm canh tốt&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: Times,&amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif;"&gt;+ Thời gian sinh trưởng (TGST): ở miền Nam vụ Đông xuân: 100 – 107 ngày; Hè thu: 105 – 110 ngày (lúa sạ, lúa cấy cộng thêm 5 – 7 ngày nữa); ở miền Trung và Cao Nguyên: Đông xuân: 110 – 115 ngày; Hè thu: 105 – 110 ngày (lúa sạ, lúa cấy cộng thêm 5 – 7 ngày nữa)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: Times,&amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif;"&gt;+ Lượng giống gieo: 3 – 5 kg/ 1.000 m2 (30 – 50 kg/ha) đối với lúa sạ. Tốt nhất 35 kg/ha&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: Times,&amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif;"&gt;+ Năng suất đạt 8 – 10 tấn/ha. Theo kết quả sản xuất của nông dân ĐBSCL vụ Đông xuân 2007-2008 nếu thâm canh tốt, quản lý sâu bệnh tốt có thể đạt trên 12 tấn/ha&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: Times,&amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif;"&gt;+ Nhược&amp;nbsp;điểm: &amp;nbsp;Hạt B-TE1 ngắn và nhỏ vì thế không đáp ứng cho xuất khẩu, TGST hơi dài nên khó áp dụng cho vùng canh tác&amp;nbsp;ba vụ lúa trên năm&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;2. ARIZE XL 94017 hạt dài ngon cơm&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: Times,&amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-family: Times,&amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/S7At7lJvzgI/AAAAAAAAGjQ/JirFcWMqSKY/s1600/Lua+lai+ARIZE+XL+%E2%80%93+94017+.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" nt="true" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/S7At7lJvzgI/AAAAAAAAGjQ/JirFcWMqSKY/s320/Lua+lai+ARIZE+XL+%E2%80%93+94017+.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: Times,&amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: Times,&amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif;"&gt;Nguồn gốc: Arize XL – 94017 là giống lúa lai F1 ba dòng do công ty Bayer CropScience, chi nhánh Ấn Độ chọn tạo, đã được Bộ NN và PTNN công nhận giống tháng 1/2009 cho các tỉnh&amp;nbsp;Nam Bộ và Trung Bộ (ảnh giống lúa Arize XL -94017 nguồn&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://www.donghuongbinhdinh.org/dh.binhdinh/index.php?option=com_content&amp;amp;view=article&amp;amp;id=471:phat-trin-ging-lua-lai-arize-xl-94017-&amp;amp;catid=50:khoahoc&amp;amp;Itemid=119"&gt;Đồng hương Bình&amp;nbsp;Định&lt;/a&gt;)&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: Times,&amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif;"&gt;Đặc tính chủ yếu:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: Times,&amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif;"&gt;+ Năng suất cao hơn lúa thường khoảng 20% trong cùng điều kiện canh tác&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: Times,&amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif;"&gt;+ Hạt thon dài 7,3 – 7,4 mm, gạo chất lượng cao, đạt tiêu chuẩn xuất khẩu&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: Times,&amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif;"&gt;+ Kháng đạo ôn tốt (cấp 2), chống chịu rầy nâu trung bình (cấp 5)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: Times,&amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif;"&gt;+ Tiềm năng năng suất (năng suất lý thuyết) trên 10 tấn/ha tại ĐBSCL nếu thâm canh tốt&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: Times,&amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif;"&gt;+ Chiều cao cây 100 – 105 cm, lá đứng, xanh, cứng cây, chống đổ ngã, bông dài nhiều hạt&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: Times,&amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif;"&gt;+ Thời gian sinh trưởng: ở miền Nam: Đông xuân: 103 – 105 ngày; Hè thu: 108 – 110 ngày (lúa sạ, lúa cấy cộng thêm 5 – 7 ngày nữa), miền Trung và Cao nguyên: Đông xuân: 115 – 120 ngày; Hè thu: 110 – 115 ngày (lúa sạ, lúa cấy cộng thêm 5 – 7 ngày nữa)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: Times,&amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif;"&gt;+&amp;nbsp;Lượng giống gieo: 3 – 5 kg/ 1.000 m2 (30 – 50 kg/ha) đối với lúa sạ, tốt nhất 35 kg/ha&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: Times,&amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif;"&gt;+ Nhược điểm: TGST hơi dài nên khó áp dụng cho vùng canh tác&amp;nbsp;ba vụ lúa trên năm &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;3. PAC 807&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: Times,&amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-family: Times,&amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/S7AudVhNOkI/AAAAAAAAGjY/2s_PQSF9_Ug/s1600/Lua+lai+807+Ando.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" nt="true" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/S7AudVhNOkI/AAAAAAAAGjY/2s_PQSF9_Ug/s320/Lua+lai+807+Ando.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: Times,&amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: Times,&amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif;"&gt;Nguồn gốc: PAC 807 là tổ hợp lúa lai hệ ba dòng, &lt;a href="http://www.advantaindia.com/advanta.php?pgidee=rice"&gt;nguồn gốc Ấn Độ&lt;/a&gt;, nhập nội bởi Công ty Cổ phần Giống Cây trồng Miền Nam (SSC), được công nhận là giống quốc gia năm 2007 (Ảnh giống PAC 807 của công ty Ấn Độ)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: Times,&amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif;"&gt;Đặc tính chủ yếu:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: Times,&amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif;"&gt;+ Thấp cây 85 - 95 cm, đẻ nhánh khỏe, bông to (180-200 hạt chắc /bông), hạt gạo dài, trong, không bạc bụng, cơm nở mềm, ngon. Trọng lượng 1.000 hạt 24 g.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: Times,&amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif;"&gt;+ Năng suất 7 – 8 tấn/ha, cao hơn lúc thuần 10 – 15 % (thâm canh tốt đạt 10 - 11 tấn/ha). TGST ngắn 85 – 90 ngày. Đặc biệt chống chịu tốt rầy nâu, đạo ôn và bệnh vàng lùn, lùn xoắn lá &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: Times,&amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif;"&gt;+ Trồng được ở các tỉnh phía Nam (từ Quảng Nam trở vào). Hiện đang trồng phổ biến ở các tỉnh&amp;nbsp;Kiên Giang, Long An, Cần Thơ và Bình Định&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: Times,&amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: Times,&amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;4. Bio 404&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: Times,&amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-family: Times,&amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/S7Au9rmCCbI/AAAAAAAAGjg/pq2tyJ4qZXM/s1600/Lua+lai+Bio+404.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" nt="true" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/S7Au9rmCCbI/AAAAAAAAGjg/pq2tyJ4qZXM/s320/Lua+lai+Bio+404.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: Times,&amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: Times,&amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif;"&gt;Nguồn gốc: Bio 404 là tổ hợp lúa lai hệ ba dòng do Ấn Độ lai tạo, được Công ty Bioseed Việt Nam nhập nội và sản xuất hạt giống (&lt;a href="http://www.quangngai.gov.vn/quangngai/tiengviet/bao_qn/2008/35599/"&gt;Ảnh giống lúa lai Bio 404&amp;nbsp; của Quang Huy, báo điện tử Quảng Ngãi&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: Times,&amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif;"&gt;Đặc tính chủ yếu: &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: Times,&amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif;"&gt;+ TGST vụ xuân từ 120 – 125 ngày, Bio 404 có khả năng chống đổ tốt, nhiễm bệnh khô vằn nhẹ, chiều cao cây từ 105 – 110 cm, đẻ nhánh khoẻ, tập trung, dạng hình cây gọn, lá màu xanh nhạt, bông to, nhiều hạt, trung bình 176 hạt/bông.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: Times,&amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif;"&gt;+ Năng suất bình quân 8,05 tấn/ha&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: Times,&amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif;"&gt;+ Bio 404 thích hợp cho cả vùng từ Bình Định trở ra phía Bắc và phía Nam&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: Times,&amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: Times,&amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif;"&gt;*Lưu ý: Không dùng lúa thịt để làm giống vụ sau, năng suất không đảm bảo vì không còn ưu thế lai. Hạt giống đã được sử dụng hóa chất nên không được sử dụng cho người và gia súc, gia cầm&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: Times,&amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Nguyễn Chí Công – &lt;/b&gt;&lt;a href="mailto:chicong1002@gmail.com"&gt;&lt;b&gt;chicong1002@gmail.com&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: Times,&amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: Times,&amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Tin liên quan:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: large;"&gt;Lúa lai- tôm sú mô hình canh tác hiệu quả&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.nongnghiep.vn/nongnghiepvn/vi-VN/61/158/45/89/89/5827/Default.aspx"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Báo Nông nghiệp Việt Nam&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Lúa lai B-TE1 của Cty Bayer Việt Nam đã chứng minh được ưu thế của mình và đã được đại đa số nông dân vùng ĐBSCL chấp nhận vì những đặc tính vượt trội như cho năng suất cao hơn lúa thường khoảng 20 – 50%, chất lượng gạo ngon, chống chịu sâu bệnh tốt, đặc biệt kháng được đạo ôn- một bệnh nguy hiểm trong vụ đông xuân… Tuy nhiên giống có thời gian sinh trưởng hơi dài, khoảng 100 – 107 ngày trong điều kiện lúa sạ nên bà con phải bố trí đồng loạt trong cơ cấu 2 vụ lúa/năm.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;Một mô hình canh tác mang lại lợi nhuận cao cho bà con nông dân tại ĐBSCL là trồng lúa trên vuông tôm, theo cơ cấu một vụ tôm, một vụ lúa. Tại các huyện ven biển của tỉnh Kiên Giang như An Biên, An Minh, Vĩnh Thuận, U Minh Thượng… và một số huyện của các tỉnh Cà Mau, Bạc Liêu, Sóc Trăng… nông dân đã áp dụng mô hình lúa lai B-TE1 trên vuông tôm khá thành công. Sau một vụ nuôi tôm, khi nước đã chuyển ngọt, bà con sẽ trồng lúa, thông thường bà con sử dụng các giống lúa mùa địa phương có thời gian sinh trưởng khá dài, khoảng 120 – 140 ngày như giống Một Bụi Đỏ. Trồng lúa trên vuông tôm không chịu sức ép thời gian nên rất thích hợp cho lúa lai Arize B-TE1 phát triển.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;Chúng tôi có một chuyến khảo sát thực tế tình hình trồng lúa lai tại các huyện ven biển của tỉnh Kiên Giang, thấy bà con ở đây rất phấn khởi với mô hình lúa (B-TE1) – tôm. Theo nhận xét của một số bà con nông dân trong khu vực này, lợi nhuận từ mô hình canh tác lúa lai trên ruộng tôm mang lại là khá cao, có thể tới 20 triệu đồng/ha. Ông Phan Văn Nậu, ở ấp Nam Quí, xã Nam Thái, An Biên, Kiên Giang, là người đầu tiên trồng lúa lai B-TE1 tại huyện An Biên. Ban đầu khi được giới thiệu về lúa lai B-TE1, tất cả đều mới lạ đối với người dân ở đây nhưng riêng ông đã mạnh dạn trồng thử 1 công vào vụ đông xuân 2006/07. Kết quả cho thu hoạch được 8 tấn/ha. Đến vụ hè thu 2007 ông mạnh dạn mở rộng diện tích lúa lai B-TE1 lên hết đất nhà 7 ha và thu hoạch với năng suất trung bình 7,2 tấn/ha trong khi năng suất lúa thường tại địa phương chỉ đạt được khoảng 3 – 3,5 tấn/ha. Vụ đông xuân 07/08 ông tiếp tục trồng lúa lai Arize B-TE1 trên toàn bộ diện tích đất nhà và khuyến cáo bà con trong khu vực trồng giống lúa này.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;Ông Phan Văn Giang, nhà ở ấp Bờ Lờ B, xã Vĩnh Bình Nam, Vĩnh Thuận, Kiên Giang bắt đầu trồng lúa lai Arize B-TE1 vụ đông xuân sớm 2007 trên chân đất trồng lúa mùa Một Bụi Đỏ, mật độ sạ chỉ 30 kg/ha. Theo ông thì chi phí cho canh tác lúa lai Arize B-TE1 thấp hơn nhiều so với lúa mùa vì lúa mùa phải gieo mạ cấy, trong khi lúa lai dùng phương pháp sạ thẳng. Chi phí phun xịt thuốc và bón phân cho lúa lai cũng nhẹ. Năng suất lúa lai Arize B-TE1 đạt được rất cao, vụ này ông thu hoạch được 45 giạ trên 1 công tầm lớn (khoảng 7 tấn/ha), trong khi năng suất lúa mùa chỉ đạt được 15 – 20 giạ (khoảng 2,2 – 3 tấn/ha) vì bị nhiễm rầy nặng. Giá bán lúa lai thương phẩm cũng khá cao, nông dân thu lời khá bằng mô hình canh tác này.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;Theo ông Hải - chủ doanh nghiệp xay xát gạo Hoàng Đức 2 ở Vĩnh Hòa Hiệp, Châu Thành, Kiên Giang, hiện nay ông đang tìm thu gom mua lúa lai Arize B-TE1 thương phẩm xay xát để xuất qua thị trường huyện đảo Phú Quốc. Ông cho biết hiện nay loại gạo này rất được người tiêu dùng ưa chuộng vì chất lượng gạo ngon, thơm nhẹ, cơm mềm, dẻo… Trong thời gian tới ông sẽ thu mua với số lượng lớn để đẩy mạnh ra thị trường Phú Quốc vì gạo Arize B-TE1 đồng nhất không có pha trộn các loại gạo khác như hiện nay tại thị trường phía Nam.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;Vụ đông xuân 07/08, diện tích lúa lai Arize B-TE1 tại Kiên Giang trong vùng canh tác lúa-tôm đạt khoảng 1.500 ha; Cà Mau có khoảng 3.000 ha tại huyện Trần Văn Thời…, đây mới chỉ là con số khá khiêm tốn so với diện tích lúa rất lớn tại các khu vực trên. Tuy nhiên đây mới là vụ đầu tiên Arize B-TE1 được Bộ NN-TNT cho phép sản xuất đại trà nên trong những vụ tới, chắc chắn mô hình trồng lúa lai sẽ được nhân rộng trên chân đất lúa- tôm trong khu vực.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;Có thể nói lúa lai Arize B-TE1 của Cy Bayer Việt Nam đã làm thay đổi quan điểm của cán bộ lãnh đạo ngành nông nghiệp nhiều nơi, đặc biệt tại tỉnh Kiên Giang khi ban đầu giống ít được đón nhận vì họ nghĩ rằng lúa lai năng suất không ổn định. Qua thực tế chứng minh bằng mô hình canh tác tôm- lúa lai này, nông dân thu lợi nhuận rất cao. Đây là mô hình canh tác rất tốt vừa hiệu quả kinh tế, vừa đảm bảo sinh thái nên những vùng có điều kiện cần mạnh dạn khuyến cáo bà con nông dân áp dụng.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style="font-size: large;"&gt;Phát triển giống lúa lai Arize XL 94017&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Báo Đồng hương Bình Định&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: Times,&amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: Times,&amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif;"&gt;Trong vài năm gần đây, nông dân tại nhiều địa phương có phong trào sản xuất lúa lai mạnh ở Bình Định rất thích giống lúa lai Arize XL 94017 (Công ty Bayer VN) không chỉ bởi tính kháng bệnh và năng suất cao mà còn vì chất lượng gạo của nó.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
An Nhơn là 1 huyện trọng điểm lúa của tỉnh Bình Định, diện tích SX lúa hằng năm đạt từ 18.000-19.999 ha, chiếm 80% diện tích gieo trồng. Đây cũng là huyện đi đầu trong việc đưa các giống lúa lai vào sản xuất nhằm nâng cao hiệu quả kinh tế cho nông dân.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Ông Nguyễn Thành Minh - Trưởng phòng Kinh tế huyện An Nhơn cho biết: "Vụ đông xuân 2009-2010 An Nhơn SX hơn 7.100 ha lúa, trong đó có 1.600 ha lúa lai. Thực tế cho thấy những diện tích nông dân gieo sạ các lúa thuần ngày càng gặp khó khăn bởi có một số giống đã đạt "kịch trần" năng suất và ngày càng bộc lộ nhiều nhược điểm như: Độ đồng đều thấp và không kháng được sâu bệnh gây hại.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Do đó, trong nhiều năm qua huyện không ngừng tìm tòi, làm khảo nghiệm nhiều loại giống lúa lai để xác định các loại giống cho năng suất cao, chất lượng gạo ngon, kháng được sâu bệnh và thích nghi tốt với điều kiện khí hậu ngày càng khắc nghiệt để kịp thời đưa vào cơ cấu bộ giống SX trên chân 2 vụ lúa/năm nhằm tăng cao năng suất trên cùng diện tích. Sau 3 năm SX giống lúa Arize XL 94017 của Cty Bayer VN chúng tôi ghi nhận: Đây là giống có xuất xứ từ Ấn Độ, một xứ sở oi nóng nên giống Arize XL 94017 chẳng những thích nghi trong vụ ĐX ở Bình Định mà còn thích ứng với cả vụ thu vì đặc tính chịu nắng nóng của nó. Năng suất trong các vụ ĐX là gần 88 tạ/ha và vụ thu là hơn 90 tạ/ha".&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Ông Phan Văn Khiêm - Trưởng trạm Khuyến nông huyện Tuy Phước cho biết thêm: "Trong những năm qua, Tuy Phước không ngừng đẩy mạnh công tác chuyển đổi cơ cấu mùa vụ từ SX 3 vụ sang còn 2 vụ lúa/năm nên luôn khao khát các giống lúa lai có tiềm năng năng suất cao, chống chịu sâu bệnh và có chất lượng gạo ngon. Sau 3 năm sản xuất, nông dân Tuy Phước đã nhận định giống lúa lai Arize XL 94017 là loại giống hội đủ những ưu điểm trên và đang rất mê. Nông dân càng mê hơn khi hạt gạo của nó thon dài, cơm mềm, thơm ngon, đủ tiêu chuẩn xuất khẩu nên giá bán thường cao hơn các loại gạo khác".&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: Times,&amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: Times,&amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif;"&gt;Trong vụ đông xuân 2009-2010 này, trong khi các đám ruộng chung quanh đang bị dịch rầy tấn công ào ạt thì đám ruộng của tôi vẫn bình yên, chưa hề phun 1 lần thuốc nào mà cây lúa vẫn khỏe mạnh. Hiện cây lúa đã hơn 70 ngày tuổi, đang làm đòng mà với mã lúa đẹp như thế này thì năng suất cầm chắc là hơn 70 tạ/ha. Nhờ chất lượng gạo ngon nên khi bán ra thị trường luôn cao hơn các loại gạo khác từ 500-800đ/kg. Trong vụ thu 2009, sau khi tính toán chi li, sản xuất lúa lai Arize XL 94017 có lãi ròng 11 triệu đồng/ha, trong khi đó mức lãi của các giống lúa lai khác chỉ 6,5 triệu/ha". (Nông Nghiệp Việt Nam 10/3, tr17)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: Times,&amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: Times,&amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: large;"&gt;Giống lúa lai ngắn ngày PAC 807 cho năng suất cao, kháng sâu bệnh tốt&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: Times,&amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: Times,&amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.khuyennongvn.gov.vn/e-khcn/giong-lua-lai-ngan-ngay-pac-807-cho-nang-suat-cao-khang-sau-benh-tot/view"&gt;Báo Trung tâm Khuyến nông , khuyến ngư Quốc gia&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: Times,&amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: Times,&amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif;"&gt;Ngành nông nghiệp tỉnh Hải Dương đã phối hợp Công ty Cổ phần giống cây trồng miền Nam đưa giống lúa lai ngắn ngày PAC 807 vào gieo trồng trên diện tích 35 ha tại 4 xã: Đoàn Thượng (huyện Gia Lộc), Đoàn Kết (huyện Thanh Miện), Cẩm La và Đồng Gia (huyện Kim Thành) mang lại hiệu quả kinh tế cao. Đây là giống lúa thấp cây, đẻ nhánh khỏe, bông to (180-200 hạt chắc/bông), hạt gạo dài, trong, không bạc bụng. Năng suất cao hơn lúa thuần 10-15%, đạt 7-9 tấn/ha (thâm canh tốt đạt 10-11 tấn/ha). Thời gian sinh trưởng của lúa 85-95 ngày. Đặc biệt, lúa chống chịu tốt rầy nâu, đạo ôn và bệnh vàng lùn, xoắn lá...&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: Times,&amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: Times,&amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif;"&gt;Công ty Cổ phần giống cây trồng miền Nam và Ban Chủ nhiệm các HTX hướng dẫn kỹ thuật, chế độ chăm sóc lúa PAC 807 cho nông dân, từ khâu ngâm ủ đến chăm bón và phòng trừ sâu bệnh. Khi gieo trồng, nông dân cần chọn đất vàn và vàn cao; khi làm đất nhặt sách cỏ dại và tàn dư của cây trồng trước; cày bừa kỹ, làm đất xong trước 3-5 ngày; 5 giờ rửa chua, thay nước một lần; phương thức cấy 1-2 dảnh/khóm. Sau gieo trồng, ruộng giữ ấm 3 ngày tiến hành phun thuốc trừ cỏ loại sofit 300 EC...&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: Times,&amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: Times,&amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif;"&gt;Tại huyện Gia Lộc, Hợp tác xã Dịch vụ nông nghiệp (DVNN) Đoàn Thượng đã triển khai sản xuất 20 ha giống lúa PAC 807, cho giá trị cao. Ông Nguyễn Thế Thuần, Chủ nhiệm HTX DVNN Đoàn Thượng cho biết: Giống lúa lai ngắn PAC 807 có nhiều ưu điểm hơn hẳn so với các giống lúa khác đã gieo trồng trong nhiều năm qua như: HC, Khang dân 18. Lúa lai có thời gian sinh trưởng từ 90-95 ngày, lúa sinh trưởng phát triển tốt, đẻ nhánh khoẻ. Công chăm sóc ít, chi phí đầu tư giảm 20% so với các giống lúa khác. Lúa không mắc bệnh bạc lá, sâu cuốn lá, thời gian ôm đòng ngắn, trổ thoát nhanh (4-5 ngày); bông to, hạt dài, chất lượng gạo ngon; năng suất hơn 7 tấn/ha.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: Times,&amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: Times,&amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif;"&gt;Việc đưa giống lúa PAC 807 vào sản xuất đã giúp cho nông dân nâng cao năng suất và giá trị thu nhập trên một đơn vị diện tích đất canh tác, rút ngắn thời gian để có điều kiện phát triển cây vụ đông.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: Times,&amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: Times,&amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif;"&gt;Theo TTXVN&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: Times,&amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: Times,&amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: large;"&gt;Lúa lai Bio 404 ghi điểm tại Thái Nguyên&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.cpv.org.vn/cpv/Modules/News/NewsDetail.aspx?co_id=30701&amp;amp;cn_id=379023#HCgU5xdE0vzX"&gt;Báo điện tử cpv.org.vn&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify" style="font-family: Times,&amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: x-small;"&gt;Với những tính chất ưu việt sau 2 vụ đưa vào sản xuất khảo nghiệm tại 9 điểm của tỉnh Thái Nguyên, giống lúa lai Bio 404 do tập đoàn Bioseed nghiên cứu lai tạo đã chinh phục được cả các cơ quan chức năng, chính quyền và bà con nông dân địa phương.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify" style="font-family: Times,&amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif;"&gt;Ông Trần Đăng Khoái (Giám đốc kinh doanh miền Bắc - công ty TNHH Bioseed Việt Nam) cho biết, giống lúa lai Bio 404 được nghiên cứu, sản xuất tại Ấn Độ trên cơ sở đáp ứng yêu cầu phục vụ bà con nông dân Việt Nam. Giống có 4 ưu điểm chính là thời gian sinh trưởng ngắn, năng suất cao, ổn định, chất lượng gạo ngon và khả năng chống chịu sâu bệnh cao. Giống được đưa vào Việt Nam từ năm 2005, đến 2007 thì được Bộ NN &amp;amp; PTNT công nhận tạm thời. Qua sản xuất thử nghiệm và được chính quyền, bà con nông dân các địa phương đánh giá cao, công ty Bioseed đã tính toán đến việc sản xuất giống ngay tại Việt Nam, đáp ứng đầy đủ nguồn giống cho các địa phương khi tiến hành sản xuất đại trà.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify" style="font-family: Times,&amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif;"&gt;Là hộ dân tham gia mô hình trình diễn trong vụ mùa vừa qua với diện tích 8 sào, bà Vi Thị Nga (xóm Đồng Vẽn, xã Phú Lạc, huyện Đại Từ) nhận xét, dù mới là vụ đầu tiên trồng lúa lai nhưng được sự hướng dẫn tận tình của cán bộ khuyến nông nên bà thấy làm lúa lai cũng không khó khăn là bao. Thích nhất là lúa có khả năng chống đổ rất cao. Những giống từng sản xuất tại địa phương rất hay bị đổ rạp bởi địa bàn hay xảy ra lốc xoáy cục bộ.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify" style="font-family: Times,&amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif;"&gt;Ông Lương Văn Dũng, một nông dân khác nói, chỉ cần nhìn đối chứng đã có thể thấy năng suất vượt trội của ruộng lúa lai Bio 404. Bà con chúng tôi rất mong mỏi được sản xuất đại trà loại giống Bio 404 tuy nhiên cũng mong chính quyền và các cơ quan chức năng tạo điều kiện tốt để giảm giá giống xuống ở mức thấp nhất. Trạm khuyến nông huyện Đại Từ là đơn vị trực tiếp phối hợp triển khai sản xuất mô hình trình diễn lúa Bio 404 đã đưa ra kết quả đối chứng như sau: Lúa lai Bio 404 có thời gian sinh trưởng ngắn hơn các giống HYT 100, Nhị ưu 986, Nhị ưu 838 từ 5 đến 10 ngày; khả năng chịu hạn, chống đổ, chống sâu bệnh đều cao hơn các giống đối chứng; dự kiến năng suất đạt 73,4 tạ/ha, cao hơn các giống đối chứng từ 7 đến 11 tạ/ha. Từ thực tế trên, ông Hà Văn Xuân - Phó Giám đốc Trung tâm giống cây trồng tỉnh Thái Nguyên đã đề nghị đưa loại giống trên vào sản xuất xuất mở rộng trên địa bàn tỉnh.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify" style="font-family: Times,&amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif;"&gt;Ngoài những đặc tính vượt trội, ông Xuân cho rằng nó là cơ sở để tạo ra tính chủ động trong việc bố trí cơ cấu mùa vụ, đồng thời thay đổi phong tục tập quán canh tác của bà con nông dân. Ông Hoàng Văn Dũng - Phó giám đốc Sở NN &amp;amp; PTNT tỉnh Thái Nguyên cho biết, lúa lai Bio 404 hội tụ đủ mọi điều kiện để sản xuất đại trà tại Thái Nguyên. Ông Dũng phân tích, về cơ cấu thì hiện nay, giống lúa lai mới chiếm tỷ lệ 10% trong cơ cấu giống tại Thái Nguyên. Với mục tiêu nâng tỷ lệ giống lúa lai lên 20% trong cơ cấu giống lúa vào năm 2015, rõ ràng việc đưa giống Bio vào sản xuất mở rộng trong thời gian tới là cần thiết. Tuy vậy, ông Dũng nói, giá giống lúa lai mới này so mặt bằng chung vẫn hơi đắt, nhà cung ứng cần tính toán lại nếu muốn mở rộng diện tích.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: Times,&amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;(Theo Nông nghiệp Việt Nam)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: Times,&amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: large;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Cần sớm mở rộng diện tích lúa lai ở tỉnh &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href="http://www.quangngai.gov.vn/quangngai/tiengviet/bao_qn/2008/35599/"&gt;Báo điện tử Quảng Ngãi&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: Times,&amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: Times,&amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif;"&gt;(Nông dân tham quan mô hình lúa lai Quốc hương ưu số 5, H 94017 và lúa lai Bio 404 ở Đức Nhuận, Mộ Đức).&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: Times,&amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: Times,&amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif;"&gt;Những năm gần đây các đơn vị thuộc ngành NN và PTNT tỉnh và Trung tâm khảo kiểm nghiệm giống cây trồng và phân bón miền Trung-Tây Nguyên liên tục đưa các giống lúa lai vào sản xuất thử nghiệm ở một số địa phương trong tỉnh. Tuy nhiên việc mở rộng và phát triển diện tích lúa lai vẫn chưa được nhân rộng. Vậy giải pháp nào để mở rộng diện tích lúa lai trên địa bàn tỉnh? &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: Times,&amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: Times,&amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif;"&gt;Vụ sản xuất hè thu năm nay, Trung tâm Khuyến nông tỉnh và Trung tâm giống cây trồng và vật nuôi tỉnh đưa vào sản xuất giống lúa lai Bio 404 tại các huyện Bình Sơn, Nghĩa Hành, Mộ Đức và Tư Nghĩa. Kết quả thu hoạch thống kê cho thấy, năng suất đều vượt trên 75tạ/ha (vượt 10 tạ/ha so với các giống lúa sản xuất đại trà như hiện nay). Đây là giống lúa được đưa vào sản xuất thử nghiệm từ vụ đông xuân 2007-2008 trên nhiều chân đất khác nhau. Qua 2 vụ sản xuất giống lúa lai Bio 404 đã khẳng định được năng suất, có ưu điểm kháng chịu sâu bệnh tốt. Tại hội nghị đầu bờ mô hình giống lúa lai Bio 404 tại xã Đức Nhuận (Mộ Đức), nhiều nông dân đi tham quan đều khẳng định, đây là giống lúa lai chất lượng gạo ngon, phù hợp với các chân đất trên địa bàn tỉnh. Nông dân cho rằng ngành nông nghiệp và các địa phương cần có chính sách hỗ trợ nông dân tiếp cận với tiến bộ khoa học kỹ thuật sản xuất lúa lai để nhân rộng diện tích lúa lai trong tỉnh. Đây chính là giải pháp để góp phần nâng cao sản lượng lương thực và mang lại hiệu quả kinh tế cho người nông dân. &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: Times,&amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: Times,&amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif;"&gt;Ông Trương Quang Sinh - Chủ nhiệm HTX nông nghiệp Hành Dũng (Nghĩa Hành) cho biết: Về lâu dài, ngành nông nghiệp cần quan tâm đến mở rộng diện tích lúa lai, bởi nhiều giống lúa lai qua sản xuất thử nghiệm đã mang lại hiệu quả năng suất rất cao. Tuy nhiên trước mắt các ngành chức năng và địa phương cần đẩy mạnh công tác tuyên truyền, hướng dẫn kỹ thuật cho nông dân; đồng thời chọn những vùng đất phù hợp để mở rộng diện tích lúa lai. &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: Times,&amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: Times,&amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif;"&gt;Trong những vụ sản xuất vừa qua, ngành nông nghiệp đã tổ chức sản xuất thử nghiệm 2 giống lúa lai là Nhị ưu 838 và BTE 1. Cả 2 giống lúa đều cho năng suất cao (khoảng 65-70 tạ/ha). Hiện 2 giống lúa này đã được đưa vào cơ cấu giống của ngành nông nghiệp. Để khẳng định được năng suất các giống lúa lai, vụ hè thu vừa qua Trung tâm Khuyến nông đã hỗ trợ 40% giống và vật tư, phân bón cho một số nông dân các huyện Nghĩa Hành, Mộ Đức và Bình Sơn sản xuất 40ha lúa lai. Kết quả cho năng suất, vượt trội so với các giống lúa sản xuất đại trà hiện nay. Ông Nguyễn Hữu Tưởng (ở HTX NN 1 Đức Chánh, huyện Mộ Đức) cho biết: Vụ hè thu này, ông đăng ký sản xuất 8 sào, được hướng dẫn kỹ thuật của cán bộ Trung tâm khuyến nông tỉnh, nên diện tích lúa sinh trưởng và phát triển tốt, qua thu hoạch năng suất đạt trên 75tạ/ha. Qua nhiều vụ sản xuất, ông Tưởng cho rằng giống lúa lai BTE1 rất phù hợp với điều kiện sản xuất lúa 2 vụ/năm. Tuy nhiên theo một số nông dân thì giá bán các loại giống lúa lai quá cao so với các giống lúa thuần (giá lúa lai hiện nay từ 22.000đồng-49.000đồng/kg, trong khi đó giống lúa thuần chỉ từ 10.000-12.000 đồng/kg). &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: Times,&amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: Times,&amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif;"&gt;Qua sản xuất thử nghiệm một số giống lúa lai ở một số tỉnh duyên hải miền Trung và Tây Nguyên, Tiến sĩ Lê Quý Tường - Giám đốc Trung tâm khảo kiểm nghiệm giống cây trồng và phân bón miền Trung và Tây Nguyên cho rằng, tỉnh Quảng Ngãi có điều kiện rất tốt để mở rộng diện tích lúa lai. Song so với các tỉnh trong vùng thì diện tích lúa lai của tỉnh Quảng Ngãi vẫn còn rất thấp, chiếm dưới 5% tổng diện tích sản xuất lúa của toàn tỉnh (diện tích lúa sản xuất toàn tỉnh khoảng 30.000ha/vụ). Mới đây Trung tâm Khảo kiểm nghiệm giống cây trồng và phân bón miền Trung và Tây Nguyên phối hợp với Công ty cổ phần tập đoàn Điện Bàn và Công ty Bayer Việt Nam, đã đưa 2 giống lúa lai Quốc hương ưu số 5 và H 94017 vào sản xuất thử nghiệm tại xã Bình Dương (Bình Sơn) và một lần nữa, các giống lúa lai đã vượt trội năng suất so với các giống lúa sản xuất đại trà. Do đó vấn đề đặt ra hiện nay là phải quy hoạch các vùng trọng điểm sản xuất lúa lai ở từng địa phương và chủ động sản xuất giống lúa lai tại chỗ, để giảm giá thành cho nông dân. &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: Times,&amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: Times,&amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif;"&gt;Bài, ảnh: Quang Huy&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: Times,&amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;FOOD CROPS
www.foodcrops.blogspot.com&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/4930984968650892465-7232078129608848145?l=foodcrops.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/FoodCrops/~4/ih8nUeDQu1w" height="1" width="1"/&gt;</description><app:edited xmlns:app="http://www.w3.org/2007/app">2010-07-28T23:40:44.655+07:00</app:edited><media:thumbnail url="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/S7AtuLNvuZI/AAAAAAAAGjI/q3UNpo7zESg/s72-c/Lua+lai+ARIZE+B-TE1+.jpg" height="72" width="72" /><thr:total xmlns:thr="http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0">0</thr:total><feedburner:origLink>http://foodcrops.blogspot.com/2010/03/giong-lua-lai-f1-thich-hop-cho-cac-tinh.html</feedburner:origLink></item><item><title>Giống khoai lang ở Việt Nam</title><link>http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/FoodCrops/~3/fK9ChwNK-iA/giong-khoai-lang-o-viet-nam.html</link><category>Giống khoai lang ở Việt Nam</category><author>hoangkim_vietnam@yahoo.com (hoangkimvietnam and hoanglong)</author><pubDate>Wed, 28 Jul 2010 09:44:21 PDT</pubDate><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4930984968650892465.post-1049368841896101222</guid><description>&lt;div style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;b&gt;&lt;a href="http://foodcrops.blogspot.com/"&gt;FOODCROPS&lt;/a&gt;. Nguồn gen giống khoai lang trên thế giới. Nguồn gen giống khoai lang ở Việt Nam. Nguồn gốc và đặc tính một số giống khoai lang Hoàng Long, Hưng Lộc 4, HL518 (Nhật đỏ), Kokey 14 (Nhật vàng), HL491 (Nhật tím), Murasa Kimasari (Nhật tím 1), HL284 (Nhật trắng), KB1&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;b&gt;Nguồn gen giống khoai lang trên thế giới&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Hầu hết những nước trồng nhiều khoai lang trên thế giới đều có bộ sưu tập nguồn gen giống khoai lang. Nơi lưu giữ nguồn gen khoai lang lớn nhất toàn cầu là Trung tâm Khoai tây Quốc tế (Centro Internacional de la Papa – CIP) với tổng số 7007 mẫu giống khoai lang được duy trì năm 2005. Trong số này có 5.920 mẫu giống khoai lang trồng (Ipomoea batatas) và 1087 mẫu giống khoai lang loài hoang dại (Ipomoea trifida và các loài Ipomoea khác). Việc duy trì nguồn gen ở CIP được thực hiện trong ống nghiệm, trên đồng ruộng, bảo quản bằng hạt và được đánh giá theo tiêu chuẩn quốc tế.&lt;br /&gt;
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Khoai lang Trung Quốc cho năng suất cao, chịu lạnh nhưng chất lượng không ngon so với khoai lang của Nhật, Mỹ khi trồng ở Việt Nam.&lt;br /&gt;
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Khoai lang Mỹ nổi tiếng về chất lượng cao, phổ biến các giống khoai lang có ruột củ màu cam đậm, dẽo và có hương vị thơm để tiêu thụ tươi như một loại rau xanh cao cấp và dùng trong công nghiệp thực phẩm. Mỹ hiện đang tiếp tục thực hiện các nghiên cứu chọn giống khoai lang chất lượng cao giàu protein, vitamin A và có hương vị thơm; ứng dụng công nghệ gen, công nghệ tế bào trong tạo giống.&lt;br /&gt;
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Khoai lang Nhật cũng nổi tiếng về chất lượng cao với hướng chọn tạo giống khoai lang để sử dụng lá làm rau xanh, làm nước sinh tố và thực phẩm có màu tím hoặc màu cam đậm tự nhiên. Nhược điểm khoai lang Nhật khi trồng ở Việt Nam là thời gian sinh trưởng dài trên 115 ngày.(Nguyễn Thị Thủy, Hoàng Kim 2006)&lt;br /&gt;
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Nguồn gen giống khoai lang ở Việt Nam&lt;/b&gt; &lt;br /&gt;
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Nguồn gen giống khoai lang Việt Nam chủ yếu được thu thập, đánh giá và bảo tồn tại Trung tâm Tài nguyên Thực vật, thuộc Viện Khoa học Nông nghiệp Việt Nam với 528 mẫu giống đã được tư liệu hoá (trong đó có 344 mẫu do Trung tâm Nghiên cứu Thực nghiệm Nông nghiệp Hưng Lộc chuyển đến) Viện Cây lương thực và Cây thực phẩm (FCRI) có 118 mẫu giống, Trung tâm Nghiên cứu Thực nghiệm Nông nghiệp Hưng Lộc hiện có 78 mẫu giống.. Trường Đại Học Nông Lâm thành phố Hồ Chí Minh có 30 mẫu giống. (Bảng 4.1). &lt;br /&gt;
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Tại các tỉnh phía Bắc, các giống khoai lang trồng phổ biến hiện có: Hoàng Long, KB1, K51, Tự Nhiên. Viện Cây Lương thực Cây Thực phẩm (FCRI) và Viện Khoa học Kỹ thuật Nông nghiệp Việt Nam (VASI) trong 22 năm (1981-2003), đã tuyển chọn và giới thiệu 15 giống khoai lang tốt theo ba hướng chính: 1) Nhóm giống khoai lang năng suất củ tươi cao, chịu lạnh, ngắn ngày, thích hợp vụ đông, gồm K1, K2, K3, K4, K7, K8, VX37-1, Cực nhanh. Những giống này chủ yếu được&amp;nbsp;nhập nội &amp;nbsp;từ CIP, Philippines, Trung Quốc, Liên Xô (cũ) &amp;nbsp;trong giai đoạn 1980-1986 và tuyển chọn để tăng vụ khoai lang đông. 2) Nhóm giống khoai lang năng suất củ cao, nhiều dây lá thích hợp chăn nuôi, gồm KL1, KL5, K51. Các giống này phát triển ở giai đoạn 1986-2000 trong chương trình hợp tác với CIP. 3) Nhóm giống khoai lang năng suất củ cao, phẩm chất ngon. gồm việc phục tráng và chọn lọc giống khoai lang Hoàng Long, Chiêm Dâu (Vũ Tuyên Hoàng, Mai Thạch Hoành 1986, 1992), Tự Nhiên (Trương Văn Hộ và ctv, 1999); tuyển chọn và phát triển giống khoai lang KB1 (Nguyễn Thế Yên, 2003).&lt;br /&gt;
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Ở các tỉnh phía Nam các giống khoai lang hiên trồng phổ biến là HL518 (Nhật đỏ), HL491 (Nhật tím), Murasa kimasari (Nhật tím) Kokey 14 (Nhật vàng), HL497 (Nhật cam), HL4, Hoàng Long, Chiêm Dâu, Trùi Sa, Bí Đà Lạt, Dương Ngọc, Tàu Nghẹn, Trùi Sa (Cần Sa), Khoai Sữa, Khoai Gạo.&lt;br /&gt;
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Trung tâm Nghiên cứu Thực nghiệm Nông nghiệp Hưng Lộc (HARC) và Trường Đại học Nông Lâm TP. Hồ Chí Minh (NLU) &amp;nbsp;trong 22 năm (1981-2003) đã tuyển chọn và giới thiệu 7 giống khoai lang có năng suất củ cao, phẩm chất ngon, thích hợp tiêu thụ tươi gồm Hoàng Long, Chiêm Dâu, Gạo, Bí Đà Lạt (1981), HL4 (1987), HL491, HL518 (1997). Các giống khoai lang chất lượng cao có dạng củ đẹp thuôn láng, được thị trường ưa chuộng có HL518, HL491, Kokey 14, Murasa kimasari..&lt;br /&gt;
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Những năm gần đây, Trường Đại học Nông Lâm TP. Hồ Chí Minh cũng đánh giá và tuyển chọn 24 giống khoai lang khảo nghiệm toàn cầu trong chương trình hợp tác với CIP và khảo sát các giống khoai lang nhiều dây lá , năng suất bột cao cho hướng chế biến cồn trong chương trình hợp tác với công ty Technova và công ty Toyota Nhật Bản (Hoàng Kim 2008).&lt;br /&gt;
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Bảng 1: Nguồn gen giống khoai lang đã được đánh giá tại HARC và NLU (1993-2009)&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 6pt 0in;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/S0isQH2ppTI/AAAAAAAAGCI/7ckVKNZy4FI/s1600-h/Bang+2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/S0isQH2ppTI/AAAAAAAAGCI/7ckVKNZy4FI/s320/Bang+2.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Những giống khoai lang phẩm chất ngon đang được đánh giá và tuyển chọn trong đề tài “Thu thập, khảo sát, so sánh và phục tráng giống khoai lang tại huyện Xuân Lộc tỉnh Đồng Nai 2008-2010”. Đây là nội dung hợp tác giữa Sở Khoa học Công nghệ Đồng Nai, Viện Sinh học Nhiệt đới, Trường Đại học Nông Lâm TP. Hồ Chí Minh và Phòng Nông nghiệp Xuân Lôc. Kết quả bước đầu có HL518, HL491, Kokey 14, HL284, HL536 (CIP 083-14), HL574 (Cao sản), HL585, HL597 (Hoàng Kim, Trần Ngọc Thùy, Trịnh Việt Nga, Nguyễn Thị Ninh 2009)&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;b&gt;4.3 Nguồn gốc và đặc tính chủ yếu của một số giống khoai lang&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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Giống khoai lang HOÀNG LONG&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div align="left"&gt;Hoàng Long&amp;nbsp; là giống khoai lang phổ biến ở Việt Nam. Nguồn gốc Trung Quốc nhập nội vào Việt Nam năm 1968. Giống do Trường Đại học Nông Lâm TP. Hồ Chí Minh tuyển chọn và giới thiệu (Hoàng Kim, Nguyễn Thị Thủy, 1981). Bộ Nông nghiệp và PTNT công nhận giống năm 1981. Thời gian sinh trưởng 85-95 ngày. Năng suất củ tươi 15 – 27 tấn/ ha, tỷ lệ chất khô 27-30%, chất lượng củ luộc khá, vỏ củ màu hồng sẫm, thịt củ màu vàng cam, dạng củ đều đẹp, dây xanh tím phủ luống gọn, mức độ nhiễm sùng và sâu đục dây trung bình.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="center"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="left"&gt;Giống khoai lang HƯNG LỘC 4 (HL4)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="center" class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/S0fx6npjiDI/AAAAAAAAGAY/K1WqjWh1m-A/s1600-h/Hung+Loc+4.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/S0fx6npjiDI/AAAAAAAAGAY/K1WqjWh1m-A/s320/Hung+Loc+4.JPG" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="center"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="left"&gt;HL4 là giống khoai lang phổ biến ở vùng Đông Nam Bộ. Nguồn gốc Việt Nam. HL4 là giống lai [khoai Gạo x Bí Dalat] x Tai Nung 57 do Trung tâm Nghiên cứu Thực Nghiệm Nông nghiệp Hưng Lộc tạo chọn và giới thiệu (Nguyễn Thị Thủy, Hoàng Kim 1987). Bộ Nông nghiệp và PTNT công nhận giống năm 1987. Thời gian sinh trưởng 85-95 ngày. Năng suất củ tươi 18 – 33 tấn/ ha, tỷ lệ chất khô 27-30%, chất lượng củ luộc khá, vỏ củ màu đỏ, thịt củ màu cam đậm, dạng củ đẹp, dây xanh phủ luống gọn, mức độ nhiễm sùng trung bình, nhiễm nhẹ sâu đục dây.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="left"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/S0ihE294FmI/AAAAAAAAGB4/-_BTco6Ulc8/s1600-h/04+Thuy+Khoai+Lang.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/S0ihE294FmI/AAAAAAAAGB4/-_BTco6Ulc8/s320/04+Thuy+Khoai+Lang.JPG" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="left"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="left"&gt;Giống khoai lang HL518 (Nhật đỏ)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="center" class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/S0iOSUNURJI/AAAAAAAAGAw/gf0wNSlMKIw/s1600-h/HL518.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/S0iOSUNURJI/AAAAAAAAGAw/gf0wNSlMKIw/s320/HL518.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="center"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="center" class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/S0iNlwlHJTI/AAAAAAAAGAo/bSN_ScQ-N5A/s1600-h/DSC02335.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/S0iNlwlHJTI/AAAAAAAAGAo/bSN_ScQ-N5A/s320/DSC02335.JPG" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="center"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="left"&gt;Nguồn gốc: Giống HL518 &amp;nbsp;do Trung tâm Nghiên cứu Thực nghiệm Nông nghiệp Hưng Lộc chọn tạo và giới thiệu từ tổ hợp Kokey 14 polycross nguồn gốc Nhật Bản = CIP92031 = HL518 (Nguyễn Thị Thủy, Hoàng Kim 1997). Giống đã được Bộ Nông nghiệp và Phát triển Nông thôn công nhận giống năm 1997; hiện phổ biến trong sản xuất phía Nam và bán nhiều ở các siêu thị.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="left"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="left"&gt;Đặc tính giống: Thời gian sinh trưởng: 95 -110 ngày. Năng suất củ tươi: 17-32 tấn/ha, tỷ lệ chất khô 27-30%. chất lượng củ luộc ngon, vỏ củ màu đỏ đậm, thịt củ màu cam đậm, dạng củ đều đẹp, dây xanh tím, nhiễm nhẹ sùng, hà và sâu đục dây.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="center"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="left"&gt;KOKEY14 (Nhật vàng)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="center"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="center" class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/S0iQbI8rnlI/AAAAAAAAGBA/qO6Qk_58avg/s1600-h/Kokey+14.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/S0iQbI8rnlI/AAAAAAAAGBA/qO6Qk_58avg/s320/Kokey+14.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="center" class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/S0iUJrnU33I/AAAAAAAAGBI/uEdbb9jIFb8/s1600-h/Kokey14.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/S0iUJrnU33I/AAAAAAAAGBI/uEdbb9jIFb8/s320/Kokey14.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="left"&gt;Nguồn gốc: Giống Kokey 14 có nguồn gốc Nhật Bản do Trung tâm Nghiên cứu Thực nghiệm Nông nghiệp Hưng Lộc nhập nội năm 1997 từ Công ty FSA (Bảng 1). Giống được tuyển chọn và giới thiệu năm 2002 (Hoang Kim, Nguyen Thi Thuy 2003), hiện là giống phổ biến trong sản xuất ở các tỉnh Nam Bộ và bán nhiều tại các siêu thị.&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="left"&gt;Đặc tính nông học chủ yếu: Thời gian sinh trưởng: 110-120 ngày. Năng suất củ tươi: 15-34. tấn/ha; tỷ lệ chất khô 29-31%. chất lượng củ luộc ngon, vỏ củ màu đỏ, thịt củ màu vàng cam, dạng củ đều đẹp, dây xanh, nhiễm nhẹ sùng (&lt;i&gt;Cylas formicariu&lt;/i&gt;) và sâu đục dây (&lt;i&gt;Omphisia anastomosalis&lt;/i&gt;) virus xoăn lá (feathery mottle virus), bệnh đốm lá (leaf spot: &lt;i&gt;Cercospora&lt;/i&gt; sp), bệnh ghẻ (scab) và hà khoai lang (&lt;i&gt;Condorus&lt;/i&gt; sp).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="left"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/S0igZ-9Ae1I/AAAAAAAAGBw/YalFzarotT8/s1600-h/HL491.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/S0igZ-9Ae1I/AAAAAAAAGBw/YalFzarotT8/s320/HL491.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="left"&gt;HL491 (Nhật tím)&lt;br /&gt;
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Giống HL491 &amp;nbsp;do Trung tâm Nghiên cứu Thực nghiệm Nông nghiệp Hưng Lộc chọn tạo và giới thiệu từ tổ hợp Murasa Kimasari polycross nguồn gốc Nhật Bản = CN76-2 CIP/AVRDC (Nguyễn Thị Thủy, Hoàng Kim 1997). Giống đã được Bộ Nông nghiệp và Phát triển Nông thôn công nhận giống năm 1997, hiện phổ biến trong sản xuất phía Nam và bán nhiều ở các siêu thị..&lt;br /&gt;
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Đặc tính nông học chủ yếu: Thời gian sinh trưởng: 95 -110 ngày. Năng suất củ tươi: 15-27 tấn/ha, tỷ lệ chất khô 27- 31%. chất lượng củ luộc khá, vỏ củ màu tía, thịt củ màu tím đậm, dạng củ đều đẹp, dây xanh tím, nhiễm nhẹ sùng, hà và sâu đục dây.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="left"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="left"&gt;MURASAKIMASARI (Nhật tím 1)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="center"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="center" class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/S0iZDyE7D1I/AAAAAAAAGBY/Jd_-qv1N-Qo/s1600-h/Murasakimasari.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/S0iZDyE7D1I/AAAAAAAAGBY/Jd_-qv1N-Qo/s320/Murasakimasari.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="left"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Nguồn gốc: Giống Murasa Kimasari có nguồn gốc Nhật Bản, do Trung tâm Nghiên cứu Thực nghiệm Nông nghiệp Hưng Lộc nhập nội năm 1994 từ Công ty FSA (Bảng 1). Giống tuyển chọn và giới thiệu năm 2002.(Hoang Kim, Nguyen Thi Thuy 2003) hiện được trồng ở vùng đồng bằng sông Cửu Long, bán tại các chợ đầu mối và siêu thị.&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="left"&gt;Đặc tính nông học chủ yếu: Thời gian sinh trưởng: 105-110 ngày. Năng suất củ tươi: 10-22. tỷ lệ chất khô 27-30%. chất lượng củ luộc khá ngon, vỏ củ màu tím sẫm, thịt củ màu tím đậm, dạng củ đều đẹp, dây tím xanh, nhiễm nhẹ sùng và sâu đục dây.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="left"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="left"&gt;HL284 (Nhật trắng)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="center"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="center" class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/S0iaWSz6RPI/AAAAAAAAGBg/NubY8FeNeQI/s1600-h/HL284.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/S0iaWSz6RPI/AAAAAAAAGBg/NubY8FeNeQI/s320/HL284.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="center"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="left"&gt;HL284 thuộc nhóm giống khoai lang tỷ lệ chất khô cao, nhiều bột. Nguồn gốc AVRDC (Đài Loan) /Japan. Giống do Trung tâm Nghiên cứu Thực nghiệm Nông nghiệp Hưng Lộc nhập nội, tuyển chọn và đề nghị khảo nghiệm năm 2000. Thời gian sinh trưởng 90-105 ngày. Năng suất củ tươi 18 – 29 tấn/ ha, tỷ lệ chất khô 28-31%, chất lượng củ luộc khá, độ bột nhiều hơn độ dẽo, vỏ củ màu trắng, thịt củ màu trắng kem, dạng củ đều, dây xanh, nhiễm sùng và sâu đục dây trung bình.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
KB1&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="center"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="center" class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/S0ibVjnx1zI/AAAAAAAAGBo/iNv0IgaGo4I/s1600-h/KB1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/S0ibVjnx1zI/AAAAAAAAGBo/iNv0IgaGo4I/s320/KB1.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="center"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="left"&gt;KB1 là giống khoai lang hiện đang phát triển ở vùng đồng bằng sông Hồng. Giống do Viện Cây Lương thực Cây Thực phẩm tuyển chọn và giới thiệu (Vũ Văn Chè, 2004). Bộ Nông nghiệp và PTNT đã công nhận giống năm 2004. Thời gian sinh trưởng 95 -100 ngày. Năng suất củ tươi 22 – 32 tấn/ ha, tỷ lệ chất khô 27-29%, chất lượng củ luộc khá, vỏ củ màu hồng cam, thịt củ màu cam đậm, dạng củ hơi tròn, dây xanh, ngọn tím, nhiễm sùng và sâu đục dây trung bình.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="left"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="left"&gt;&lt;b&gt;TS. Hoàng Kim&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Trường Đại học Nông Lâm TP. Hồ Chí Minh&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;FOOD CROPS
www.foodcrops.blogspot.com&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/4930984968650892465-1049368841896101222?l=foodcrops.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/FoodCrops/~4/fK9ChwNK-iA" height="1" width="1"/&gt;</description><app:edited xmlns:app="http://www.w3.org/2007/app">2010-07-28T23:44:21.316+07:00</app:edited><media:thumbnail url="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/S0fv4U1CJ1I/AAAAAAAAGAA/ALSlmlofDds/s72-c/Bang+4+1.jpg" height="72" width="72" /><thr:total xmlns:thr="http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0">4</thr:total><feedburner:origLink>http://foodcrops.blogspot.com/2010/01/giong-khoai-lang-o-viet-nam.html</feedburner:origLink></item><item><title>Happy New Year 2010 song by ABBA</title><link>http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/FoodCrops/~3/_XXth2qxPbI/happy-new-year-2010-song-by-abba.html</link><author>hoangkim_vietnam@yahoo.com (hoangkimvietnam and hoanglong)</author><pubDate>Thu, 31 Dec 2009 15:55:50 PST</pubDate><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4930984968650892465.post-6382963516405660492</guid><description>&lt;object width="425" height="344"&gt;&lt;param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/Zw1vvGYHQBw&amp;hl=en_US&amp;fs=1&amp;"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/Zw1vvGYHQBw&amp;hl=en_US&amp;fs=1&amp;" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="425" height="344"&gt;&lt;/embed&gt;&lt;/object&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;FOOD CROPS
www.foodcrops.blogspot.com&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/4930984968650892465-6382963516405660492?l=foodcrops.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/FoodCrops/~4/_XXth2qxPbI" height="1" width="1"/&gt;</description><app:edited xmlns:app="http://www.w3.org/2007/app">2010-01-01T06:55:50.606+07:00</app:edited><thr:total xmlns:thr="http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0">0</thr:total><enclosure url="http://www.youtube.com/v/Zw1vvGYHQBw&amp;hl=en_US&amp;fs=1&amp;" length="1063" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" /><media:content url="http://www.youtube.com/v/Zw1vvGYHQBw&amp;hl=en_US&amp;fs=1&amp;" fileSize="1063" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" /><itunes:explicit>yes</itunes:explicit><itunes:subtitle>FOOD CROPS www.foodcrops.blogspot.com</itunes:subtitle><itunes:author>hoangkimvietnam and hoanglong</itunes:author><itunes:summary>FOOD CROPS www.foodcrops.blogspot.com</itunes:summary><itunes:keywords>foodcrops,cây,lương,thực,luagaovietnam,cropsforbiofuel,rice,maize,cassavaviet,cassavanews,ngô,sắn,khoai,lang</itunes:keywords><feedburner:origLink>http://foodcrops.blogspot.com/2009/12/happy-new-year-2010-song-by-abba.html</feedburner:origLink></item><item><title>Selection and development of hybrid cassava variety KM 140</title><link>http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/FoodCrops/~3/YcVwa3vpgbM/selection-and-development-of-hybrid.html</link><category>Selection and development of hybrid cassava variety KM 140</category><author>hoangkim_vietnam@yahoo.com (hoangkimvietnam and hoanglong)</author><pubDate>Tue, 21 Dec 2010 18:12:19 PST</pubDate><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4930984968650892465.post-4310116918957046426</guid><description>&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/SzPJz1Wjh3I/AAAAAAAAF9s/zQID4h5lvrg/s1600-h/KMOAI+MI+KM140.JPG" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}"&gt;&lt;img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5418896668989032306" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/SzPJz1Wjh3I/AAAAAAAAF9s/zQID4h5lvrg/s400/KMOAI+MI+KM140.JPG" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 300px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Tran Cong Khanh (1), Hoang Kim (2), Vo Van Tuan (1),Nguyen Huu Hy (1), Pham Van Bien (1), Dao Huy Chien (3), Reinhardt Howeler(4) and Hernan Ceballos (4)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1. Institute of Agricultural Sciences for Southern Vietnam -IAS &lt;a href="http://www.iasvn.org/"&gt;http://www.iasvn.org  &lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
2. Nong Lam University -NLU &lt;a href="http://www.hcmuaf.edu.vn/"&gt;http://www.hcmuaf.edu.vn&lt;/a&gt; &lt;br /&gt;
3. Vietnamese Academy of Agricultural Sciences -VAAS &lt;a href="http://www.vaas.org.vn/"&gt;http://www.vaas.org.vn&lt;/a&gt;/ &lt;br /&gt;
4. International Center for Tropical Agriculture - CIAT &lt;a href="http://www.ciat.cgiar.org/"&gt;http://www.ciat.cgiar.org&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;ABSTRACT &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
In Vietnam, cassava has rapidly changed its role from a food crop to industrials crop, with a high rate of growth during the first years of the 21st Century. There are now 62 cassava processing factories with a total processing capacity of 8.0 million tones of fresh roots/year. Total cassava starch production in Vietnam was about 1.2 million tonnes, of which 70% was exported and 30% used domestically. The main objectives of cassava breeding in Vietnam is improve root yield and starch content and enhance early harvestability to spread the time of harvest. Cassava variety KM140 is a hybrid selected from KM98-1 x KM36 cross by Hung Loc Agricultural Research Center (HARC) in 1997. KM140 was widely tested, demonstrated and selected by most members of Viet Nam Cassava Research and Extension Network (VNCP) and cassava growers. In 2009, more than 30,000 ha of KM140 were planted in Dong Nai, Tay Ninh, Binh Phuoc, Gia Lai, Binh Dinh…. KM140 is a short growth duration variety (best harvesting time 7-10 months after planting) with fresh root yield 34.0 ton/ha (tantamount and higher than KM94), starch content 26.1-28.5% and starch yield about 9.45 ton/ha for 8-10 months after planting, HCN content about 105.9 mg/kg of root dry matter, good root shape with white flesh, high adaptability to various production conditions. KM140 is a supplementary variety for main variety KM94 in order to extend harvesting time.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;Key words&lt;/span&gt;: cassava breeding; KM140 cassava variety&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;Source&lt;/span&gt;: &lt;a href="http://srmo.hcmuaf.edu.vn/data/file/tap%20chi/2007/so%201/NH-TCKhanh.pdf"&gt;Selection and development of hybrid cassava variety KM 140&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href="http://www2.hcmuaf.edu.vn/data/hoangkim/Poster%20KM140%202009%20%28A4%29%203%20trang.pdf"&gt;Selection and Development of hybrid cassava variety KM140 (Golden of VIFOTEC Award 2009)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style="font-size: large;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span id="ctl00_mainContent_bodyContent_lbHeadline"&gt;VIFOTEC 2009 boasts for high applicability&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;          &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class="dtContentTxt"&gt;&lt;div class="dtContentDate"&gt;&lt;span id="ctl00_mainContent_bodyContent_lbDate"&gt;07:30 | 20/01/2010&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span id="ctl00_mainContent_bodyContent_lbDesc" style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
VGP  – Technological solutions competing for the Việt Nam Fund for  Supporting Technological Creations (VIFOTEC) awards 2009 boast for their  high applicability and feasibility, said the organizing board.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span id="ctl00_mainContent_bodyContent_lbBody"&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;div align="center"&gt;&lt;table align="center" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="dtContentImgWrap"&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;             &lt;td class="dtContentImgFig"&gt;&lt;img alt="" src="http://news.gov.vn/Uploaded_VGP/phamvanthua/20100120/VIFO.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/td&gt;         &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;             &lt;td class="dtContentImgDesc"&gt;&lt;div align="center"&gt;&lt;i&gt;Member of the Political Bureau of the  Communist Party of Việt Nam (CPV) Central Committee Tô Huy Rứa (2nd from  left) and Deputy PM Nguyễn Thiện Nhân (3rd from right) at the 10&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt; VIFOTEC&amp;nbsp;prize conferring ceremony, Hà Nội, January 19, 2009 – Photo: VGP/Từ Lương&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;         &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt; &lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;The Ministry of Science and Technology and the Việt Nam Union of  Scientific Technological Associations (VUSTA) jointly held the 10&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt;  VIFOTEC prize-conferring ceremony yesterday in Hà Nội in respect of  candidates’ outstanding contributions to the country’s scientific and  technological development.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;Some 66 individuals and organizations were awarded,&amp;nbsp;including 6 first-grade prize, 12 second and 18 third ones.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;Making his remarks at the ceremony, Deputy PM Nguyễn  Thiện Nhân said that technological innovation plays as a driving force  for the country’s socio-economic development and people’s thirst for  creation.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;Mentioning Việt Nam’s science and technology  development strategy, Deputy PM Nhân revealed that about 1,000 public  servants will be sent abroad to acquire PhD degree every year, since  2010 on.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;In the next 15-20 years, Việt Nam expects to produce world-class technological achievements, he continued.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;Deputy PM Nhân hoped that the VIFOTEC winners would  continue to put high applicability of their technological solutions into  reality.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="right"&gt;&lt;b&gt;By Hải Minh&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;         &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class="dtContentTxtAuthor"&gt;&lt;span id="ctl00_mainContent_bodyContent_lbSource"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span id="ctl00_mainContent_bodyContent_lbContinue"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;FOOD CROPS
www.foodcrops.blogspot.com&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/4930984968650892465-4310116918957046426?l=foodcrops.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/FoodCrops/~4/YcVwa3vpgbM" height="1" width="1"/&gt;</description><app:edited xmlns:app="http://www.w3.org/2007/app">2010-12-22T09:12:19.791+07:00</app:edited><media:thumbnail url="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/SzPJz1Wjh3I/AAAAAAAAF9s/zQID4h5lvrg/s72-c/KMOAI+MI+KM140.JPG" height="72" width="72" /><thr:total xmlns:thr="http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0">0</thr:total><enclosure url="http://srmo.hcmuaf.edu.vn/data/file/tap%20chi/2007/so%201/NH-TCKhanh.pdf" length="221311" type="application/pdf" /><media:content url="http://srmo.hcmuaf.edu.vn/data/file/tap%20chi/2007/so%201/NH-TCKhanh.pdf" fileSize="221311" type="application/pdf" /><itunes:explicit>yes</itunes:explicit><itunes:subtitle> Tran Cong Khanh (1), Hoang Kim (2), Vo Van Tuan (1),Nguyen Huu Hy (1), Pham Van Bien (1), Dao Huy Chien (3), Reinhardt Howeler(4) and Hernan Ceballos (4) 1. Institute of Agricultural Sciences for Southern Vietnam -IAS http://www.iasvn.org 2. Nong Lam Uni</itunes:subtitle><itunes:author>hoangkimvietnam and hoanglong</itunes:author><itunes:summary> Tran Cong Khanh (1), Hoang Kim (2), Vo Van Tuan (1),Nguyen Huu Hy (1), Pham Van Bien (1), Dao Huy Chien (3), Reinhardt Howeler(4) and Hernan Ceballos (4) 1. Institute of Agricultural Sciences for Southern Vietnam -IAS http://www.iasvn.org 2. Nong Lam University -NLU http://www.hcmuaf.edu.vn 3. Vietnamese Academy of Agricultural Sciences -VAAS http://www.vaas.org.vn/ 4. International Center for Tropical Agriculture - CIAT http://www.ciat.cgiar.org ABSTRACT In Vietnam, cassava has rapidly changed its role from a food crop to industrials crop, with a high rate of growth during the first years of the 21st Century. There are now 62 cassava processing factories with a total processing capacity of 8.0 million tones of fresh roots/year. Total cassava starch production in Vietnam was about 1.2 million tonnes, of which 70% was exported and 30% used domestically. The main objectives of cassava breeding in Vietnam is improve root yield and starch content and enhance early harvestability to spread the time of harvest. Cassava variety KM140 is a hybrid selected from KM98-1 x KM36 cross by Hung Loc Agricultural Research Center (HARC) in 1997. KM140 was widely tested, demonstrated and selected by most members of Viet Nam Cassava Research and Extension Network (VNCP) and cassava growers. In 2009, more than 30,000 ha of KM140 were planted in Dong Nai, Tay Ninh, Binh Phuoc, Gia Lai, Binh Dinh…. KM140 is a short growth duration variety (best harvesting time 7-10 months after planting) with fresh root yield 34.0 ton/ha (tantamount and higher than KM94), starch content 26.1-28.5% and starch yield about 9.45 ton/ha for 8-10 months after planting, HCN content about 105.9 mg/kg of root dry matter, good root shape with white flesh, high adaptability to various production conditions. KM140 is a supplementary variety for main variety KM94 in order to extend harvesting time. Key words: cassava breeding; KM140 cassava variety Source: Selection and development of hybrid cassava variety KM 140 Selection and Development of hybrid cassava variety KM140 (Golden of VIFOTEC Award 2009) VIFOTEC 2009 boasts for high applicability 07:30 | 20/01/2010 VGP – Technological solutions competing for the Việt Nam Fund for Supporting Technological Creations (VIFOTEC) awards 2009 boast for their high applicability and feasibility, said the organizing board. Member of the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of Việt Nam (CPV) Central Committee Tô Huy Rứa (2nd from left) and Deputy PM Nguyễn Thiện Nhân (3rd from right) at the 10th VIFOTEC&amp;nbsp;prize conferring ceremony, Hà Nội, January 19, 2009 – Photo: VGP/Từ Lương The Ministry of Science and Technology and the Việt Nam Union of Scientific Technological Associations (VUSTA) jointly held the 10th VIFOTEC prize-conferring ceremony yesterday in Hà Nội in respect of candidates’ outstanding contributions to the country’s scientific and technological development.Some 66 individuals and organizations were awarded,&amp;nbsp;including 6 first-grade prize, 12 second and 18 third ones.Making his remarks at the ceremony, Deputy PM Nguyễn Thiện Nhân said that technological innovation plays as a driving force for the country’s socio-economic development and people’s thirst for creation.Mentioning Việt Nam’s science and technology development strategy, Deputy PM Nhân revealed that about 1,000 public servants will be sent abroad to acquire PhD degree every year, since 2010 on.In the next 15-20 years, Việt Nam expects to produce world-class technological achievements, he continued.Deputy PM Nhân hoped that the VIFOTEC winners would continue to put high applicability of their technological solutions into reality.By Hải Minh FOOD CROPS www.foodcrops.blogspot.com</itunes:summary><itunes:keywords>foodcrops,cây,lương,thực,luagaovietnam,cropsforbiofuel,rice,maize,cassavaviet,cassavanews,ngô,sắn,khoai,lang</itunes:keywords><feedburner:origLink>http://foodcrops.blogspot.com/2009/12/selection-and-development-of-hybrid.html</feedburner:origLink></item><item><title>Cassava in Vietnam: a successful story</title><link>http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/FoodCrops/~3/7tcxr7WFeiI/cassava-in-vietnam-successful-story.html</link><category>Cassava in Vietnam: a successful story</category><author>hoangkim_vietnam@yahoo.com (hoangkimvietnam and hoanglong)</author><pubDate>Thu, 14 Jan 2010 16:51:07 PST</pubDate><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4930984968650892465.post-1652974233302598250</guid><description>&lt;embed flashvars="host=picasaweb.google.com&amp;amp;hl=en_US&amp;amp;feat=flashalbum&amp;amp;RGB=0x000000&amp;amp;feed=http%3A%2F%2Fpicasaweb.google.com%2Fdata%2Ffeed%2Fapi%2Fuser%2Fhoangkim.vietnam%2Falbumid%2F5412351216367974081%3Falt%3Drss%26kind%3Dphoto%26hl%3Den_US" height="400" pluginspage="http://www.macromedia.com/go/getflashplayer" src="http://picasaweb.google.com/s/c/bin/slideshow.swf" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" width="600"&gt;&lt;/embed&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;Dr. Kazuo Kawano in South Vietnam 29 Nov - 2 Dec, 2009&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;FOOD CROPS: Cassava in Vietnam is among the four most important food crops. Cassava now an important source of cash income to small farmers. In 2008, cassava fresh root production in Vietnam was about 9.39 million tones, up from only 1.99 million tones in 2000 and marked increases in yield, from 8.36 t/ha in 2000 to 16.90 t/ha in 2008. Vietnam has made the fastest progress in application of new technologies in breeding and new cultivar propagation in Asia. Such progress has been considered as a result of many factors, of which the success in breeding and application of new technologies were the main contributing factors. Cassava yields and production in several provinces have more than doubled due to the planting of new high-yielding cassava varieties more than 420,000 ha, mainly KM94, KM140, KM98-5, KM98-1, SM937-26, KM98-7 varieties, and the adoption of more sustainable production practices. Cassava in Vietnam: a successful story &lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;CURRENT SITUATION OF CASSAVA IN VIETNAM AND ITS POTENTIAL AS A BIOFUEL&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Cassava in Vietnam is among the four most important food crops. Cassava now an important source of cash income to small farmers. In 2008, cassava fresh root production in Vietnam was about 9.39 million tones, up from only 1.99 million tones in 2000 and marked increases in yield, from 8.36 t/ha in 2000 to 16.90 t/ha in 2008.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
There are now 60 cassava processing factories in operation with a total processing capacity of 3.2 - 4.8 million tones of fresh roots/year. Total cassava starch production in Vietnam was about 0.8 -1.2 million tones, of which 70% was exported and 30% used domestically. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/Sxz-d3siIGI/AAAAAAAAFs8/INBjkS94D0w/s1600-h/Cassava+family+72.JPG" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}"&gt;&lt;img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5412480641312890978" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/Sxz-d3siIGI/AAAAAAAAFs8/INBjkS94D0w/s400/Cassava+family+72.JPG" style="cursor: hand; cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 300px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Vietnam has developed an E10 policy requiring the production of 100 to 150 million liters per year. Petrovietnam plans to build three tapioca-based ethanol plants in the northern (Phu Tho), central (Quang Ngai) and  southern Vietnam (Binh Phuoc). Each costing $80 million which will use cassava as feedstock, is expected to open in 18 months with total annual capacity of 300 million liters per year. The first and second of which is already under construction in Phu Tho and Quang Ngai. The third plant  will begin in Binh Phuoc  in March next year and is due to be completed at the end of 2011. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Vietnam is now probably the second largest exporter of cassava products (chip and starch), after Thailand. Major markets of Vietnam’s cassava exports are China and Taiwan, Japan, Singapore, Malaysia, South Korea and countries in Eastern Europe. Besides, animal feed factories also contributed significantly to the increasing demand for cassava roots. Although in Vietnam cassava processing is a relatively new business and export volumes are still low, the cassava processing factories are new and modern. That is why Vietnam’s cassava products may have a competitive advantage in the world market. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/Sxz5qnT8YMI/AAAAAAAAFrs/Ff3GdyK9aeE/s1600-h/Buoc+den+thanh+thoi+3.jpg" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}"&gt;&lt;img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5412475362694947010" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/Sxz5qnT8YMI/AAAAAAAAFrs/Ff3GdyK9aeE/s400/Buoc+den+thanh+thoi+3.jpg" style="cursor: hand; cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 292px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;CASSAVA BREEDING AND VARIETAL ADOPTION IN VIETNAM&lt;/span&gt; &lt;br /&gt;
Vietnam has made the fastest progress in application of new technologies in breeding and new cultivar propagation in Asia. Such progress has been considered as a result of many factors, of which the success in breeding and application of new technologies were the main contributing factors. Cassava yields and production in several provinces have more than doubled due to the planting of new high-yielding cassava varieties in about 420,000 ha, mainly KM94, KM140, KM98-5, KM98-1, SM937-26, KM98-7 varieties, and the adoption of more sustainable production practices. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/Sxz58XphQdI/AAAAAAAAFr0/47ZluTL0Sx8/s1600-h/Kim+Lao+20.jpg" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}"&gt;&lt;img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5412475667728122322" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/Sxz58XphQdI/AAAAAAAAFr0/47ZluTL0Sx8/s400/Kim+Lao+20.jpg" style="cursor: hand; cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 278px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Since 2001-2007, a total of 24,073 cassava sexual seeds from CIAT and 37,210 seeds from 9-15 cross combinations made in Vietnam, 38 breeding lines (mainly from Thailand), and 31 local farmers’ varieties, have been planted. Of these, 98 of the best lines are now in the final stages of the selection process, and one of the most promising, KM140, has recently been released in 2007.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/Sx0WFwtlJLI/AAAAAAAAFug/v_eTsHxv_Ag/s1600-h/KimPhuong.png" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}"&gt;&lt;img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5412506615400441010" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/Sx0WFwtlJLI/AAAAAAAAFug/v_eTsHxv_Ag/s400/KimPhuong.png" style="cursor: hand; cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 293px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 397px;" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/Sx0VxIaTPzI/AAAAAAAAFuY/BQvCEOBFQLc/s1600-h/Hoc+tren+dong+5.JPG" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}"&gt;&lt;img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5412506260984774450" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/Sx0VxIaTPzI/AAAAAAAAFuY/BQvCEOBFQLc/s400/Hoc+tren+dong+5.JPG" style="cursor: hand; cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 300px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;CASSAVA IN VIETNAM A SUCCESSFUEL STORY&lt;/span&gt; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;Initial Contacts &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/Sxz9Loo9tVI/AAAAAAAAFsk/wj97X1NhXjc/s1600-h/Cassava+Family+01.JPG" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}"&gt;&lt;img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5412479228522116434" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/Sxz9Loo9tVI/AAAAAAAAFsk/wj97X1NhXjc/s400/Cassava+Family+01.JPG" style="cursor: hand; cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 300px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In September 1988, Dr. Kazuo Kawano (CIAT cassava breeder) and Dr. Reinhardt Howeler (agronomist), both working at the CIAT Cassava Office for Asia in Bangkok, visited Institute of Agricultural Science for Southern Vietnam (IAS) in Ho Chi Minh city.  They discussed with Dr. Tran The Thong, Director, Dr. Mai Van Quyen, Deputy Director of IAS, and Mr. Hoang Kim (Director of Hung Loc Agricultural Research Center belong to IAS), possible future collaboration.  They also visited Hung Loc Center and cassava growing areas in Dong Nai and Tay Ninh  provinces.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/Sxz9vnc4mYI/AAAAAAAAFs0/vXvplA5CuVI/s1600-h/Cassava+Family+04.JPG" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}"&gt;&lt;img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5412479846678305154" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/Sxz9vnc4mYI/AAAAAAAAFs0/vXvplA5CuVI/s400/Cassava+Family+04.JPG" style="cursor: hand; cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 300px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/Sx0Bkw1JGpI/AAAAAAAAFtk/47upy8GNZRc/s1600-h/Khoi+su.JPG" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}"&gt;&lt;img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5412484058263919250" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/Sx0Bkw1JGpI/AAAAAAAAFtk/47upy8GNZRc/s400/Khoi+su.JPG" style="cursor: hand; cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 300px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In May 1989, Dr. Kawano and Howeler visited IAS in HCM city again as well as the Department. of International Cooperation of the Ministry of Agriculture in Hanoi.  They discussed with Mr. Nguyen Ich Chuong possible cooperation between CIAT and various Vietnamese institutions.  They also visited the Food Crops Research Center in Hai Hung (up to now in Vietnam Academy of Agricultural Science – VAAS) and some cassava growing areas in Chi Linh district. During a subsequent visit in Octorber 1989, Mr. Nguyen Ich Chuong requested CIAT to coordinate a comprehensive national survey on cassava production and usage.  Cassava breeding and agronomy trials in collaboration with CIAT were initiated in Hung Loc Center in 1989 and in Thai Nguyen University in 1990.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;Cassava Survey &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
The cassava production, processing and marketing survey was conducted in 45 districts of 20 provinces from 1990 to 1992, in collaboration with VASI, Thai Nguyen University., IAS and Nong Lam University.  A total of 1,117 households were interviewed.  This culminated in a Workshop, held in Hanoi from Octorber 29-31, 1992.  The Proceedings of this Workshop with all the survey data was published by CIAT in 1996.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/Sxz5T-B9_QI/AAAAAAAAFrk/ucy7dTZ_w3s/s1600-h/Kim+Lao+21.jpg" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}"&gt;&lt;img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5412474973656579330" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/Sxz5T-B9_QI/AAAAAAAAFrk/ucy7dTZ_w3s/s400/Kim+Lao+21.jpg" style="cursor: hand; cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 283px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;Cassava Breeding and Varietal Improvement&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Before CIAT collaboration was initiated in 1988, a total of 24 local cassava varieties had been collected and evaluated at Hung Loc Center. In year 1987, three cassava varieties HL20, HL23 and HL24 were selected from local cassava collections and released by HARC and they were grown in about 70,000 ha in South Vietnam. In 1989, 16 Thai varieties and promising lines were introduced in the form of stem cuttings.  These were evaluated in Hung Loc Center starting in 1989, in Thai Nguyen Univ. in 1990 and in VASI in 1991.  In addition, large numbers of sexual seeds were introduced yearly from Thailand and Colombia.  From 1989 to 2008 a total of 139,598 seeds were introduced by CIAT.  These were germinated by Vietnamese cassava breeders and the resulting plants were evaluated through many cycles of selection.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/Sxz7BDxJsRI/AAAAAAAAFsM/s3DIK4AAdb4/s1600-h/9.jpg" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}"&gt;&lt;img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5412476847802396946" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/Sxz7BDxJsRI/AAAAAAAAFsM/s3DIK4AAdb4/s400/9.jpg" style="cursor: hand; cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 301px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
During the period of 1993-2008, nine new cassava varieties, namely KM 60, KM 94, SM937-26, KM 95, KM 95-3, KM 98-1, KM98-5, KM140 and KM98-7 had been released.  KM 60 and KM 94 are basically Thai varieties (KM60 = Rayong 60 =MCol 1684 x Rayong 1 ; KM94= KU50= R1xR90 = MKUC28-77-3) , while the other seven are Vietnamese selections from sexual seed from either Thailand (KM 98-1 = Rayong 72 = Rayong 1 x Rayong 5) or Colombia.  (SM937-26, KM95-3 = SM1157-3; KM98-7=SM17-17-12 or Vietnam (KM98-5 = Rayong 90 x KM98-1; KM140 = KM36 x KM98-1). All are crosses with Latin American germplasm introduced by CIAT.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/Sxz8CovelMI/AAAAAAAAFsU/BHhYjsCqv_o/s1600-h/Nigeria+2.jpg" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}"&gt;&lt;img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5412477974418986178" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/Sxz8CovelMI/AAAAAAAAFsU/BHhYjsCqv_o/s400/Nigeria+2.jpg" style="cursor: hand; cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 290px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/Sxz--HFmpwI/AAAAAAAAFtE/n-QecNCM5PU/s1600-h/KM140+and+China.jpg" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}"&gt;&lt;img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5412481195200390914" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/Sxz--HFmpwI/AAAAAAAAFtE/n-QecNCM5PU/s400/KM140+and+China.jpg" style="cursor: hand; cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 300px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A recent survey indicates that in 2007/08 about 420,000 ha, or 75% of the cassava area in Vietnam, were planted with these new varieties, principally KM 94.  It was estimated by Hoang Kim, Nguyen Van Bo, Reinhardt Howeler and Hernan Ceballos 2008,  that the planting of these new varieties will increase farmer’s gross income by 3.00 – 9.00 millions dong per ha (meaning 6.00 millions dong per ha) as compared to the traditional varieties.  In 420,000 ha this would correspond to an increased farm level income of 2,520 billion dong or 140 million US dollars per year.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;Cassava Agronomy and Soil Management&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Cassava agronomy research in collaboration with CIAT commenced in Hung Loc Center in 1989, and in Thai Nguyen University in 1990.  This included research on agronomic practices, such as planting distance, weed control, date of planting and intercropping, but it focused mostly on soil fertility maintenance, by the use of chemical fertilizers and animal or green manures, and on erosion control.  Long-term fertility trials using chemical fertilizers have now completed 19 years of continuous cropping at Hung Loc Center as well as at Thai Nguyen University.  Both these experiments highlight the importance of annual applications of N and K, with much less need for P.  In the 12th year, the annual application of well-balanced fertilizers increased the average yield of two varieties from 3.19 to 23.1 t/ha in Thai Nguyen Univ., and from 11.3 to 29.7 t/ha in Hung Loc Center.  A long-term green manure experiment conducted at Hung Loc Center indicates that in the 10th year the alley cropping system with Leucaena leucocephala or Gliricidia sepium could nearly double yields,  from 12.10 to 21.45 t/ha, as compared to the check plot without green manure.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Numerous erosion control experiments conducted in Hung Loc Center and at Thai Nguyen University indicate that soil erosion can be markedly reduced by the planting of contour hedgerows of &lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;Tephrosia candida, Paspalum atratum,&lt;/span&gt; vetiver grass or pineapple, as well as by contour ridging, intercropping, closer plant spacing and balanced fertilization.  A combination of these practices will often reduce erosion to less than 10% of that obtained using the traditional farmer’s practice.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/Sxz47PujgMI/AAAAAAAAFrc/18yaLLM3imY/s1600-h/Bo+Kim+02.jpg" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}"&gt;&lt;img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5412474548910260418" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/Sxz47PujgMI/AAAAAAAAFrc/18yaLLM3imY/s400/Bo+Kim+02.jpg" style="cursor: hand; cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 255px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;Farmer Participatory Research&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
In 1994 CIAT obtained funding from the Nippon Foundation in Japan for a new project that had as the main objective to increase the adoption of more sustainable cassava production practices in Vietnam, Thailand, China and Indonesia.  This was to be achieved through the use of various farmer participatory research (FPR) and extension (FPE) methodologies.  Vietnamese researchers, extensionists and key cassava farmers received training in this new approach (see below).  During the first phase (1994-1998) the project was executed in collaboration with scientists of Thai Nguyen University (TNU) and the National Institute of Soils and Fertilizers (NISF), and focused on two sites in Pho Yen district of Thai Nguyen province, and in one site each in Thanh Ba district of Phu Tho and in Luong Son district of Hoa Binh province.  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/Sxz6LrzIDiI/AAAAAAAAFr8/Q-qX8uwIWxA/s1600-h/Loan+Tat+Doanh.jpg" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}"&gt;&lt;img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5412475930835160610" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/Sxz6LrzIDiI/AAAAAAAAFr8/Q-qX8uwIWxA/s400/Loan+Tat+Doanh.jpg" style="cursor: hand; cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 282px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/Sxz8ZwFGv_I/AAAAAAAAFsc/zW14Qbc-pcc/s1600-h/Cassava+Viet+2003b.jpg" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}"&gt;&lt;img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5412478371525738482" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/Sxz8ZwFGv_I/AAAAAAAAFsc/zW14Qbc-pcc/s400/Cassava+Viet+2003b.jpg" style="cursor: hand; cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 277px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In the second phase (1999-2003) the project quickly expanded to a total of 25 sites in 15 districts of 11 provinces, in collaboration with VASI, Hue University, IAS and Nong Lam University (NLU), in addition to TNU and NISF.  In all these sites farmers were encouraged to conduct simple experiments on their own fields with the help of researchers or local extensionists on such topics as new varieties, balanced fertilization, erosion control, intercropping, weed control, as well as pig feeding trials using both cassava roots and leaves.  In 2002 a total of 169 such FPR trials were being conducted in 25 sites in 15 districts of 11 provinces.  A survey in these sites in 2002 indicated that a total of nearly 5000 farmers had adopted some or all of the improved practices in 1,411 ha of their fields, resulting in an increased income of 4,116 mil. dong or US$ 274,400.  Many more farmers outside the 25 sites also benefited from the project after learning about the new technologies from extension workers, neighboring farmers, farmer field days, newspaper articles, TV programs etc.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/Sxz9aSJnb8I/AAAAAAAAFss/fwhDhd_xCGg/s1600-h/Cassava+Family+3.jpg" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}"&gt;&lt;img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5412479480183091138" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/Sxz9aSJnb8I/AAAAAAAAFss/fwhDhd_xCGg/s400/Cassava+Family+3.jpg" style="cursor: hand; cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 286px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/Sxz__YVPnSI/AAAAAAAAFtM/vrVlUwA398U/s1600-h/Cassava+Family+53.JPG" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}"&gt;&lt;img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5412482316520889634" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/Sxz__YVPnSI/AAAAAAAAFtM/vrVlUwA398U/s400/Cassava+Family+53.JPG" style="cursor: hand; cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 300px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;Training/Workshops&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Vietnamese researchers, extension workers and farmers trained in cassava research, cultivation practices and FPR.  Since 1989 a total of 231 Vietnamese received training through various CIAT projects.  In addition, three Vietnamese participated in the Regional Cassava Workshop in Indonesia in 1990, four in India in 1993, 11 in China in 1996, 25 in HCM city in 2000 and 17 in Thailand in 2002.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/Sxz6mHIrewI/AAAAAAAAFsE/sMZ0KsnuRFE/s1600-h/Cassava+Viet+2003c.jpg" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}"&gt;&lt;img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5412476384849918722" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/Sxz6mHIrewI/AAAAAAAAFsE/sMZ0KsnuRFE/s400/Cassava+Viet+2003c.jpg" style="cursor: hand; cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 120px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/Sx0A2tycpLI/AAAAAAAAFtU/MGTdAf6QTpE/s1600-h/DSCN6910.JPG" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}"&gt;&lt;img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5412483267173328050" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/Sx0A2tycpLI/AAAAAAAAFtU/MGTdAf6QTpE/s400/DSCN6910.JPG" style="cursor: hand; cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 300px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/Sx0BPh9dkbI/AAAAAAAAFtc/tlnoJKxnFBU/s1600-h/DSCN6647.JPG" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}"&gt;&lt;img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5412483693495030194" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/Sx0BPh9dkbI/AAAAAAAAFtc/tlnoJKxnFBU/s400/DSCN6647.JPG" style="cursor: hand; cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 300px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/Sx0D1vUPkEI/AAAAAAAAFuE/lWXDNQ9MGEY/s1600-h/Cung+hoc+6.JPG" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}"&gt;&lt;img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5412486548938526786" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/Sx0D1vUPkEI/AAAAAAAAFuE/lWXDNQ9MGEY/s400/Cung+hoc+6.JPG" style="cursor: hand; cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 300px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/Sx0EYZDKBmI/AAAAAAAAFuM/4cERZRbS8U0/s1600-h/Kim+CassavaViet+26.jpg" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}"&gt;&lt;img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5412487144256702050" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/Sx0EYZDKBmI/AAAAAAAAFuM/4cERZRbS8U0/s400/Kim+CassavaViet+26.jpg" style="cursor: hand; cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 301px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/Sx0CT2MxrhI/AAAAAAAAFts/LBFo6WeR79w/s1600-h/DSCN6791.JPG" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}"&gt;&lt;img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5412484867159076370" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/Sx0CT2MxrhI/AAAAAAAAFts/LBFo6WeR79w/s400/DSCN6791.JPG" style="cursor: hand; cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 300px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;Vietnam Cassava Research and Extension Network&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
In 1991 a Vietnam Cassava Research and Extension Network was established with participation of researchers from institutions working on cassava, as well as extensionist from provinces with large cassava growing areas.  Workshops have been held annually in different parts of Vietnam since 1996, usually with participation of CIAT scientists, to review the results of the previous year and to plan new activities for the coming year.  This network has greatly contributed to the rapid spread of new varieties and improved cultivation practices in Vietnam, and this has indirectly contributed to the change of cassava from a poor man’s food crop to an important industrial crop for production of animal feed, starch and starch derived products, as well as for export.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;Recognition&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
On March 4, 1997, both Dr. Kawano and Dr. Howeler were presented with a medal in the name of the Government of Vietnam, by Mr. Nguyen Gioi, Vice-Minister of Agriculture, for their contributions to agriculture in Vietnam.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;Key persons of VNCP – CIAT &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Dr. Nguyen Van Bo       nvbo@hn.vnn.vn&lt;br /&gt;
Dr. Hernan Ceballos     h.ceballos@cgiar.org &lt;br /&gt;
Dr. Rod Lefroy          r.lefroy@cgiar.org &lt;br /&gt;
Dr. Kazuo Kawano        Ke.Kawano@mist.ocn.ne.jp &lt;br /&gt;
Dr. Reinhardt Howeler   r.howeler@cgiar.org&lt;br /&gt;
Dr. Bui Chi Buu         buichibuu@hcm.vnn.vn &lt;br /&gt;
Dr. Tran Ngoc Ngoan     tnngoan@vnn.vn &lt;br /&gt;
Dr. Hoang Kim           hoangkim_vietnam@yahoo.com&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Visit  &lt;a href="http://cassavaviet.blogspot.com/"&gt;http://cassavaviet.blogspot.com &lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="http://cropsforbiofuel.blogspot.com/"&gt;http://cropsforbiofuel.blogspot.com &lt;/a&gt;for additional information about Cassava in Vietnam and Crops for biofuel  and more.&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/Sx0Cx__iJqI/AAAAAAAAFt0/epJFY9WDSg8/s1600-h/Howeler+luc+tre.png" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}"&gt;&lt;img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5412485385183962786" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/Sx0Cx__iJqI/AAAAAAAAFt0/epJFY9WDSg8/s400/Howeler+luc+tre.png" style="cursor: hand; cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 298px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/Sx0DJnfmDYI/AAAAAAAAFt8/Op65U7aE3kU/s1600-h/Kawano+luc+tre.png" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}"&gt;&lt;img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5412485790924410242" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/Sx0DJnfmDYI/AAAAAAAAFt8/Op65U7aE3kU/s400/Kawano+luc+tre.png" style="cursor: hand; cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 270px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;FOOD CROPS
www.foodcrops.blogspot.com&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/4930984968650892465-1652974233302598250?l=foodcrops.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/FoodCrops/~4/7tcxr7WFeiI" height="1" width="1"/&gt;</description><app:edited xmlns:app="http://www.w3.org/2007/app">2010-01-15T07:51:07.430+07:00</app:edited><media:thumbnail url="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/Sxz-d3siIGI/AAAAAAAAFs8/INBjkS94D0w/s72-c/Cassava+family+72.JPG" height="72" width="72" /><thr:total xmlns:thr="http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0">0</thr:total><enclosure url="http://picasaweb.google.com/s/c/bin/slideshow.swf" length="50828" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" /><media:content url="http://picasaweb.google.com/s/c/bin/slideshow.swf" fileSize="50828" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" /><itunes:explicit>yes</itunes:explicit><itunes:subtitle> Dr. Kazuo Kawano in South Vietnam 29 Nov - 2 Dec, 2009 FOOD CROPS: Cassava in Vietnam is among the four most important food crops. Cassava now an important source of cash income to small farmers. In 2008, cassava fresh root production in Vietnam was abou</itunes:subtitle><itunes:author>hoangkimvietnam and hoanglong</itunes:author><itunes:summary> Dr. Kazuo Kawano in South Vietnam 29 Nov - 2 Dec, 2009 FOOD CROPS: Cassava in Vietnam is among the four most important food crops. Cassava now an important source of cash income to small farmers. In 2008, cassava fresh root production in Vietnam was about 9.39 million tones, up from only 1.99 million tones in 2000 and marked increases in yield, from 8.36 t/ha in 2000 to 16.90 t/ha in 2008. Vietnam has made the fastest progress in application of new technologies in breeding and new cultivar propagation in Asia. Such progress has been considered as a result of many factors, of which the success in breeding and application of new technologies were the main contributing factors. Cassava yields and production in several provinces have more than doubled due to the planting of new high-yielding cassava varieties more than 420,000 ha, mainly KM94, KM140, KM98-5, KM98-1, SM937-26, KM98-7 varieties, and the adoption of more sustainable production practices. Cassava in Vietnam: a successful story CURRENT SITUATION OF CASSAVA IN VIETNAM AND ITS POTENTIAL AS A BIOFUEL Cassava in Vietnam is among the four most important food crops. Cassava now an important source of cash income to small farmers. In 2008, cassava fresh root production in Vietnam was about 9.39 million tones, up from only 1.99 million tones in 2000 and marked increases in yield, from 8.36 t/ha in 2000 to 16.90 t/ha in 2008. There are now 60 cassava processing factories in operation with a total processing capacity of 3.2 - 4.8 million tones of fresh roots/year. Total cassava starch production in Vietnam was about 0.8 -1.2 million tones, of which 70% was exported and 30% used domestically. Vietnam has developed an E10 policy requiring the production of 100 to 150 million liters per year. Petrovietnam plans to build three tapioca-based ethanol plants in the northern (Phu Tho), central (Quang Ngai) and southern Vietnam (Binh Phuoc). Each costing $80 million which will use cassava as feedstock, is expected to open in 18 months with total annual capacity of 300 million liters per year. The first and second of which is already under construction in Phu Tho and Quang Ngai. The third plant will begin in Binh Phuoc in March next year and is due to be completed at the end of 2011. Vietnam is now probably the second largest exporter of cassava products (chip and starch), after Thailand. Major markets of Vietnam’s cassava exports are China and Taiwan, Japan, Singapore, Malaysia, South Korea and countries in Eastern Europe. Besides, animal feed factories also contributed significantly to the increasing demand for cassava roots. Although in Vietnam cassava processing is a relatively new business and export volumes are still low, the cassava processing factories are new and modern. That is why Vietnam’s cassava products may have a competitive advantage in the world market. CASSAVA BREEDING AND VARIETAL ADOPTION IN VIETNAM Vietnam has made the fastest progress in application of new technologies in breeding and new cultivar propagation in Asia. Such progress has been considered as a result of many factors, of which the success in breeding and application of new technologies were the main contributing factors. Cassava yields and production in several provinces have more than doubled due to the planting of new high-yielding cassava varieties in about 420,000 ha, mainly KM94, KM140, KM98-5, KM98-1, SM937-26, KM98-7 varieties, and the adoption of more sustainable production practices. Since 2001-2007, a total of 24,073 cassava sexual seeds from CIAT and 37,210 seeds from 9-15 cross combinations made in Vietnam, 38 breeding lines (mainly from Thailand), and 31 local farmers’ varieties, have been planted. Of these, 98 of the best lines are now in the final stages of the selection process, and one of the most promising, KM140, has recently been released in 2007. CASSAVA IN VIETNAM A SUCCESSFUEL STORY Initial Contacts In September 1988, Dr. Kazuo Kawano (CIAT cassava breeder) and Dr. Reinhardt Howel</itunes:summary><itunes:keywords>foodcrops,cây,lương,thực,luagaovietnam,cropsforbiofuel,rice,maize,cassavaviet,cassavanews,ngô,sắn,khoai,lang</itunes:keywords><feedburner:origLink>http://foodcrops.blogspot.com/2009/12/cassava-in-vietnam-successful-story.html</feedburner:origLink></item><item><title>Up to date of 6th International Rice Genetics Symposium</title><link>http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/FoodCrops/~3/8mFd1PHrHbg/up-to-date-of-6th-international-rice.html</link><category>Up to date of 6th International Rice Genetics Symposium</category><author>hoangkim_vietnam@yahoo.com (hoangkimvietnam and hoanglong)</author><pubDate>Thu, 26 Nov 2009 08:23:07 PST</pubDate><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4930984968650892465.post-7243121342424052546</guid><description>&lt;strong&gt;Welcome Message&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/Sw6mfexxRjI/AAAAAAAAFkM/oO-t0Ei6yc0/s1600/TongGiamdocIRRI.png"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 113px; height: 124px;" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/Sw6mfexxRjI/AAAAAAAAFkM/oO-t0Ei6yc0/s400/TongGiamdocIRRI.png" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5408443262286513714" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Robert S. Zeigler&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Director General&lt;br /&gt;International Rice Research Institute  &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The 6th International Rice Genetics Symposium is one of the world’s biggest and most important rice research conferences. Adding to its scope and significance, this event will be held in conjunction with the 7th International Symposium on Rice Functional Genomics. The four-day event builds on the excitement generated by rapid advances in rice genomics and its potential benefits to food security and the international rice industry. More than 700 top international scientists and researchers from around the world are expected to attend.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The symposium comes at a key time for the international rice industry, which is under unprecedented pressure caused by record high prices and major production challenges. It provides an important forum for reviewing the latest advances in rice research, how recent breakthroughs could affect global food security, and in-depth discussion and exchange of information on classical genetics and genomics. This major event will showcase the latest developments in the field, including research on breeding, mapping of genes and quantitative trait loci, identification and cloning of candidate genes for biotic and abiotic stresses, gene expression, and genomic databases and mutant induction for functional genomics. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/Sw6dkneeYtI/AAAAAAAAFkE/JP7zMzchC9s/s1600/%E6%B0%B4%E7%A8%BB1.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 228px;" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/Sw6dkneeYtI/AAAAAAAAFkE/JP7zMzchC9s/s400/%E6%B0%B4%E7%A8%BB1.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5408433454916199122" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;TIN HỘI NGHỊ QUỐC TẾ DI TRUYỀN LÚA LẦN THỨ 6 TẠI PHILIPPINES 16-19/11/2009 &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Tóm lược nội dung hội nghị quốc tế di truyền lúa lần thứ 6 (16-19 th 11, 2009)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Cách mạng xanh từ thập niên 1960 đã đưa năng suất trung bình lúa thế giới từ 1,5 tấn/ha lên 4,0 tấn / ha hiện nay; tiết kiệm được 250 triệu ha do phá rừng trồng lúa để nuôi đủ số dân đang tăng trưởng với tốc độ nhanh. Năm 2009 đánh dấu sự kiện 1,002 tỷ người đói do hạn hán, lũ lụt. Hơn 1 tỷ người rơi vào tình cảnh nghèo khó. Thách thức trước mắt: đất nông nghiệp giảm, thiếu nước, giá đầu vào tăng (chủ yếu là nhiên liệu và phân bón), sự thoái hoá đất trồng, đói nghèo và suy dinh dưỡng. Sự kiện có ý nghĩa của ngành di truyền lúa hiện nay có thể tóm lược như sau: (1) năm 2002 giải mã bộ gen cây lúa loại hình japonica và indica; (2) thực hiện bộ marker SNP và phân tích được chức năng gen elF4G kháng bệnh virus tungro; (3) giống lúa có qui mô diện tích lớn (mega rice) đều bị nhiễm sâu bệnh hại nặng thức tỉnh các nhà di truyền về tiến hoá của pathogen và côn trùng gây hại; (4) gen Sub1 từ giống Swarna được dòng hoá thành công và trở thành giống được Ấn Độ, Bangladesh, Philippines phóng thích trong năm 2009; với khả năng chịu ngập hoàn toàn trong vòng 17 ngày; (5) gen SalTol trên nhiễm sắc thể số 1 cũng được khai thác thành công tại Bangladesh (giống BR28). &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Đa dạng di truyền được nhấn mạnh như chìa khoá dẫn đến thành công trong nông nghiệp; sau đó mới đến mối tương quan giữa kiểu gen và kiểu hình. Quốc gia nào xem nhẹ công tác ngân hàng gen, nơi ấy sẽ phải đối diện nhiều khó khăn trong công tác giống trong tương lai. Công trình nổi bật của Ken McNally và ctv. đã được công bố trên tạp chí Nature năm 2009 về SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphism), đạt trung bình 597 SNP marker trên một đoạn dài phân tử 1kb.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;Thay đổi khí hậu sẽ làm thay đổi mức thiệt hại của khô hạn, ngập úng, mặn, nhiệt độ cao và phổ gây hại của sâu bệnh. Chiến lược phát triển của IRRI sẽ tập trung vào nội dung: (1) thích ứng sự thay đổi khí hậu, (2) cải tiến năng suất vượt trần, (3) tạo nền tảng đa dạng di truyền. Để làm được điều ấy, người ta phải thực hiện nghiên cứu trình tự genome, xây dựng quỹ gen (genetic stocks), và cải tiến phương pháp đánh giá kiểu hình. Việc đầu tư nghiên cứu tập trung vào cây lúa C4 có tính kháng bền vững với sâu bệnh hại, có bộ gen mở rộng (thuật ngữ GW: wide genome). Đa dạng di truyền cây lúa không phải là một khái niệm chật hẹp có giới hạn; bởi vì một số gen quan trọng đã được chuyển nạp thành công từ loài khác; thí dụ lúa vàng giàu vitamin A. Transgenes theo kiểu như vậy cần phải được chuẩn bị.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Thế giới kêu gọi chương trình hợp tác quốc tế mạnh mẽ hơn về “Rice Functional Genomics” vào năm 2020. Nội dung được thảo luận với thuật ngữ “Comparative Genomics” - xem như phương pháp đầy tiềm năng giúp chúng ta hiểu được lịch sử tiến hoá loài và ứng dụng trong chọn giống. Trong chi Oryza, các loài có nguồn gốc Châu Phi đã biểu hiện đa dạng di truyền cao nhất. Dự án OMAP (Oryza map alignment project) nhằm mục đích dòng hoá có tính chất vị trí (positional cloning) và cải tiến giống lúa, với kết quả: 1,5 triệu BAC-end sequences, 17 thư viện BAC có chất lượng cao của 10 genomes thuộc các loài lúa hoang và lúa trồng. Tại locus Adh1, người ta xác định được họ gen “F box”. Sự tiến hoá của những họ phụ mới đây được biết như là kết quả của tính chất lặp đoạn (duplication) trong di truyền. Dự án thí điểm sẽ là Oryza barthii có nguồn gốc Châu Phi. &lt;br /&gt;Xem &lt;a href="http://www.ricegenetics.com "&gt;http://www.ricegenetics.com &lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Lúa lai Trung Quốc, ưu thế lai năng suất&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Qifa Zhang thuộc ĐH Nông Nghiệp Huazhong, Trung Quốc nghiên cứu cơ sở di truyền phân tử năng suất lúa lai bằng cách phối hợp các tiến bộ kỹ thuật mới. Mọi nỗ lực tập trung vào tổ hợp lai tốt nhất, Shanyou 63, cặp lai giữa Zhenshan 97 và Minghui 63. Phân tích bản đồ phân tử trên quần thể F2, F2:3, quần thể RIL và quần thể F2 “immortalized” cho kết quả lớn về số QTLs điều khiển tính trạng năng suất và phân lập các loici liên quan đến ưu thế lai. Phân tích này cũng cho thấy tương tác digenic khá rộng của những tính trạng mục tiêu. Nhiều thuận lợi được ghi nhận tuy khá nhỏ của dị hợp tử so với đồng hợp tử trên nhiều loci của bộ gen cây lúa. Đây có thể xem như những đóng góp vào cơ sở di truyền ưu thế lai F1. Xem xét: (1) ảnh hưởng di truyền của năng suất và ưu thế lai được khảo sát trên bản đồ “SNP bin” (khoảng cách giữa 2 marker 0,35 cM) với kỹ thuật đọc trình tự mới nhất; (2) xây dựng quần thể “substitution lines” trên 16 loci qui định năng suất  và ảnh hưởng ưu thế lai trên quần thể NIL; (3) thực hiện transcriptomes của bố mẹ, con lai và quần thể RIL để xác định hệ thống điều hoà gen; (4) thực hiện dòng hoá các loci chính có liên quan đến năng suất và ưu thế lai. Trong đó, ưu thế lai của khối lượng 1000 hạt thấp, của số hạt / bông cao, của số chồi / bụi trung bình và hay thay đổi, của năng suất rất cao. Khả năng năng suất tăng so với lúa thuần 15-20%. &lt;br /&gt;Xem &lt;a href="http://www.ricegenetics.com"&gt;http://www.ricegenetics.com&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Hội chứng anemia và cải tiến giống lúa giàu sắt&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Giáo Sư Gyn An thuộc ĐH Pohang, Hàn Quốc, nghiên cứu về thiếu sắt với hội chứng anemia (IDA) tại các nước đang phát triển. Có khoảng 1 triệu người chết mỗi năm trên thế giới do hội chứng anemia. Nhu cầu sắt mỗi ngày là 1mg; nhưng chỉ có 10-15% sắt được hấp thu vào cơ thể. Do đó, người ta khuyến cáo sử dụng 10-15 mg/ngày cho người trưởng thành, 8-10 mg / ngày cho trẻ em. Gạo chỉ có 2mg Fe trong 200 gr; nhưng Fe trong gạo bị phytate giữ chặt như chelate. GS An và ctv. nghiên cứu chuyển gen “ferritin” của đậu tương vào lúa làm gia tăng hàm lượng sắt trong cơm. Họ chú ý đến nicotianamine (NA) như một chelator đối với ion kim loại. Đây là thành phần chủ chốt trong trạng thái tối ưu hoá sắt trong cây lúa (iron homeostasis). Có 3 gen NAS được phân lập trong đó 2 gen quan trọng là OsNAS3 trên nhiễm sắc thể số 7 và OsNAS2 trên nhiễm sắc thể số 3. Xem &lt;a href="http://www.ricegenetics.com"&gt;http://www.ricegenetics.com&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Gen chống chịu ngập Sub-1 của cây lúa&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Julia Bailey-Serres và ctv., thuộc ĐH California Davis, IRRI dưới sự tài trợ của Quỹ “USDA and IRRI USAID Linkage Projects” đã thực hiện thành công nghiên cứu gen chống chịu ngập của cây lúa. Đây được xem như mẫu mực của hợp tác quốc tế thành công khá nổi tiếng trong hội nghị lần này. Có trên 22 triệu ha lúa của Nam Á và Đông Nam Á nằm trong vùng bị rủi ro do ngập úng. Riêng Bangladesh và India, lũ lụt làm thiệt hại 4 triệu tấn thóc mỗi năm; số thóc này có thể nuôi được 30 triệu người. Kỹ thuật fine mapping gen Submergence-1 (Sub1), một QTL lớn đã cho phép nhà chọn giống thực hiện chỉ thị phân tử để thanh lọc con lai. Lúa Sub1 cho năng suất cao hơn lúa bình thường sau khi úng ngập. Ở mức độ phân tử, Sub1 là một locus “multi-gene” mã hoá các yếu tố đáp ứng với ethylene (ERFs: ethylene responsive factors). Các phân tử transcripts của nó gai tăng số lượng khi cây lúa bị ngập úng. Tất cả mẫu giống lúa Oryza sativa, O. rufipogon, O. nivara, đều có chứa ERF của Sub1B, Sub1C tại Sub1 locus. Lúa chống chịu ngập FR13A của Ấn Độ, có thêm một ERF nữa, đó là Sub1A, nó thể hiện cực kỳ mạnh mẽ trong khi bị ngập hoàn toàn trong nước. Đánh giá các  dòng NILs (near-isogenic lines) và dòng chuyển gen xác định lại những đột phá của Sub1A trong chiến lược lai tạo lúa nước sâu theo cơ chế thoát ngập. Theo cơ chế thoát ngập, các cơ quan của cây lúa tạo bẫy “ethylene”, làm giảm đối kháng với abscisic acid, làm gia tăng phản ứng với gibberillin (GA), cho phép vươn dài lóng thân. Ethylene cũng tác động Sub1A, làm hạn chế sản sinh ra ethylene và làm tăng các thể ức chế GA. Do đó, Sub1A làm mất tác dụng của ethylene trong phản ứng của GA ở các mô bị ngập trong nước. Phân tích microarray và chất biến dưỡng cho thấy Sub1A điều hoà yếu tố phiên mã mRNAs và làm thay đổi sự tích tụ mRNAs liên quan đến tiêu thụ carbohydrate, cơ chế biến dưỡng trong điều kiện kỵ khí. Gen Sub1 được kết hợp với gen điều khiển tính trạng nẩy mầm của hạt trong điều kiện kỵ khí với IR81935-32-1-2-1, IR83770-9-3-3-3; Swarna Sub1 ở Ấn Độ; BR11Sub1 ở Bangladesh, IR64Sub1 ở Phi lippines; những giống lúa như vậy được chính phủ các nước này phóng thích trong năm 2009, với hi vọng đạt 30 triệu tấn lúa ở vùng bị ngập úng và giảm thất thoát 4 triệu tấn / năm. &lt;br /&gt;Xem &lt;a href="http://www.ricegenetics.com"&gt;http://www.ricegenetics.com&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Hệ thống miễn dịch bẩm sinh của cây lúa&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ko Shimamoto và ctv. thuộc Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), Ikoma, Nhật Bản nghiên cứu tính miễn dịch bẩm sinh trong cây lúa (Rice innate immunity) với thí dụ về sự xâm nhiễm của nấm gây bệnh đạo ôn. Các receptors đầu tiên phát hiện ra tính chất không chuyên biệt của nòi gây bệnh được gọi là PAMPs (viết tắt của pathogen-associated molecular patterns). Trong phản ứng này, pathogens bao gồm các phân tử “effectors” nhằm tránh né cơ chế miễn dịch PTI (PAMP-triggered immunity). Nếu một pathogen tránh né được lằn ranh tự bảo vệ này, nó phải vượt qua một lằn ranh bảo vệ thứ hai để gây bệnh cho lúa. Hệ thống tự bảo vệ như vậy được gọi là ETI (effector-triggered immunity: miễn dịch nhờ kích hoạt effector). ETI bị kích hoạt bởi các protein của gen kháng bệnh. Chúng hoạt động những những receptors trong tế bào, ghi nhận trực tiếp hoặc gián tiếp các effectors của pathogen chuyên tính. Người ta còn gọi đó là protein không chứa độc tính (Avr proteins). Họ “Rac” (hoặc họ Rop) thuộc Ras superfamily của những GTPases phân tử nhỏ. Chúng góp phần vào cơ chế miễn dịch bẩm sinh trong lúa, lúa mạch, và các loài khác. Gen OsRac1 tạo ra phức với những protein truyền tín hiện vùng downstream bao gồm OsMAPK6, một enzyme quan trọng trong sinh tổng hợp lignin CCR1, “scaffolding protein” OsRACK1, và co-chaperones (RAR1, SGT1, Hop, và Hsp90). Từ đó, gen này điều tiết sản xuất phytoalexin, lignin và phiên mã các gen có liên quan đến phát sinh bệnh cây. OsRac1 còn có vai trò quan trọng trong kích thích sản sinh ra ROS, thông qua những tác động gián tiếp với NADPH oxidases. Phản ứng miễn dịch bị kích hoạt tạo ra OsRac1 làm cho tế bào tự chết ở vùng có nấm đạo ôn, giúp lúa kháng bệnh đạo ôn và kháng bệnh bạc lá. OsRac1 là một regulator then chốt trong miễn dịch bẩm sinh. Phức protein OsRac1 chỉ rõ “defensome” điều hoà cả PTI và ETI trong cây lúa. &lt;br /&gt;Xem &lt;a href="http://www.ricegenetics.com"&gt;http://www.ricegenetics.com&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Gen kháng bệnh đạo ôn cây lúa&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Guo-Liang Wang và ctv. thuộc ĐH Ohio State, Hoa Kỳ, ĐH Nông Nghiệp Hunan, Trung Quốc, Viện Lúa Quốc Tế, nghiên cứu cơ chế tính kháng bệnh đạo ôn ở mức độ phân tử. Nấm Magnaporthe oryzae, là tác nhân gây bệnh đạo ôn nghiêm trọng cho cây lúa trên toàn thế giới. Người ta dòng hoá 3 gen kháng, i.e., Pi2, Pi9 and Piz-t, biểu thị tính kháng cao đối với nhiều chủng đạo ôn. Ba gen này định vị trên vùng một vị trí của nhiễm sắc thể số 6, mã hoá protein NBS-LRR. Giữa hai gen Pi2 và Piz-t có 8 amino acid khác nhau. Phân tích trình tự của cả hai loài lúa trồng và lúa hoang, locus Pi2/9 đều có phức cluster thuộc NBSLRR phủ trên vùng 100 kb ở nst số 6. Những gen kháng khác như Pi40(t), Pigm, Pi26, Piz và Pi-jeff(t), biểu thị một chùm kháng (R cluster) đối với thế hệ mới thuộc tính kháng chuyên biệt. Người ta xác định các gen downstream trong lộ trình hoạt động của Pi9, với phương pháp sequencing có đánh dấu, i.e., RL-SAGE, MPSS và SBS, để xem phổ gen kháng Pi9 sau khi chủng bệnh. Sử dụng kỹ thuật “map-based cloning”, người ta dòng hoá gen không độc tính AvrPiz-t trong vi nấm M. oryzae, mã hoá một protein bí mật không có bất sứ chuỗi đồng dạng nào với các vi nấm khác. Thanh lọc bằng hai hệ men lai (yeast) để tìm ra 12 protein tương tác với AvrPiz-t (viết tắt là APIPs) trong thư viện cDNA cây lúa với bẫy AvrPiz-t. Có 4 APIPs mã hoá các protein mới đều có mặt, điều này cho thấy chức năng của lộ trình “ubiquitination” (cho phép phản ứng khắp nơi) trong tương tác AvrPiz-t và Piz-t. Kết quả mới này cho phép người ta phát triển các giống lúa kháng bệnh đạo ôn với phổ kháng rộng. &lt;br /&gt;Xem &lt;a href="http://www.ricegenetics.com"&gt;http://www.ricegenetics.com&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;GS.TS. Bùi Chí Bửu&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;(Lược dịch và tổng hợp)&lt;br /&gt;Sử dụng bản do tác giả gửi&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;FOOD CROPS
www.foodcrops.blogspot.com&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/4930984968650892465-7243121342424052546?l=foodcrops.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/FoodCrops/~4/8mFd1PHrHbg" height="1" width="1"/&gt;</description><app:edited xmlns:app="http://www.w3.org/2007/app">2009-11-26T23:23:07.734+07:00</app:edited><media:thumbnail url="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/Sw6mfexxRjI/AAAAAAAAFkM/oO-t0Ei6yc0/s72-c/TongGiamdocIRRI.png" height="72" width="72" /><thr:total xmlns:thr="http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0">0</thr:total><feedburner:origLink>http://foodcrops.blogspot.com/2009/11/up-to-date-of-6th-international-rice.html</feedburner:origLink></item><item><title>Cassava pest in Latin America, Africa and Asia</title><link>http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/FoodCrops/~3/-DAHnLvh6fE/cassava-pest-in-latin-america-africa.html</link><category>Africa and Asia</category><category>Cassava pest in Latin America</category><author>hoangkim_vietnam@yahoo.com (hoangkimvietnam and hoanglong)</author><pubDate>Tue, 26 Jan 2010 16:33:27 PST</pubDate><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4930984968650892465.post-2877827639580791928</guid><description>&lt;embed flashvars="host=picasaweb.google.com&amp;amp;RGB=0x000000&amp;amp;feed=http%3A%2F%2Fpicasaweb.google.com%2Fdata%2Ffeed%2Fapi%2Fuser%2Fhoangkim.vietnam%2Falbumid%2F5306729662008130353%3Fkind%3Dphoto%26alt%3Drss" height="533" pluginspage="http://www.macromedia.com/go/getflashplayer" src="http://picasaweb.google.com/s/c/bin/slideshow.swf" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" width="800"&gt;&lt;/embed&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;FOOD CROPS
www.foodcrops.blogspot.com&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/4930984968650892465-2877827639580791928?l=foodcrops.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/FoodCrops/~4/-DAHnLvh6fE" height="1" width="1"/&gt;</description><app:edited xmlns:app="http://www.w3.org/2007/app">2010-01-27T07:33:27.083+07:00</app:edited><thr:total xmlns:thr="http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0">0</thr:total><enclosure url="http://picasaweb.google.com/s/c/bin/slideshow.swf" length="50828" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" /><media:content url="http://picasaweb.google.com/s/c/bin/slideshow.swf" fileSize="50828" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" /><itunes:explicit>yes</itunes:explicit><itunes:subtitle>FOOD CROPS www.foodcrops.blogspot.com</itunes:subtitle><itunes:author>hoangkimvietnam and hoanglong</itunes:author><itunes:summary>FOOD CROPS www.foodcrops.blogspot.com</itunes:summary><itunes:keywords>foodcrops,cây,lương,thực,luagaovietnam,cropsforbiofuel,rice,maize,cassavaviet,cassavanews,ngô,sắn,khoai,lang</itunes:keywords><feedburner:origLink>http://foodcrops.blogspot.com/2009/11/cassava-pest-in-latin-america-africa.html</feedburner:origLink></item><item><title>Visit regarding cassava pests and diseases</title><link>http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/FoodCrops/~3/GiNNPEP0Y_Q/visit-regarding-cassava-pests-and.html</link><category>Visit regarding cassava pests and diseases</category><author>hoangkim_vietnam@yahoo.com (hoangkimvietnam and hoanglong)</author><pubDate>Thu, 14 Jan 2010 04:53:02 PST</pubDate><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4930984968650892465.post-3495843554099973834</guid><description>"CIAT wants to send a small delegation to collect more information on the pest and disease issues affecting cassava in SE Asia, especially in Viet Nam and Thailand. The main people in the team are &lt;a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=4856048919440403214&amp;amp;postID=3666555930913209119"&gt; Dr. Tony Bellotti, who has been the entomologist at CIAT for decades, and Dr. Elizabeth Alvarez, who is the CIAT pathologist&lt;/a&gt;. Throughout their visit they will be accompanied by Dr. Tin Maung Aye, who runs our main cassava project in SE Asia. In addition, I will join parts of the visist and we hope that Kaith and Tiago may be able to join some parts of the visit"&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;Rod Lefroy (D.Phil)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Regional Research Leader, CIAT in Asia&lt;br /&gt;
PO Box 783, Vientiane, Lao PDR&lt;br /&gt;
phone: +856-21-770090   mobile: +856-20-5509-863 &lt;br /&gt;
email: &lt;a href="http://www.blogger.com/r.lefroy@cgiar.org"&gt;r.lefroy@cgiar.org&lt;/a&gt;   &lt;a href="http://www.ciat.cgiar.org/asia"&gt;http://www.ciat.cgiar.org/asia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/SwWnkWKhAsI/AAAAAAAAFg0/a0gYb7YE42E/s1600/CIAT+13.JPG" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}"&gt;&lt;img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5405911170594964162" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/SwWnkWKhAsI/AAAAAAAAFg0/a0gYb7YE42E/s400/CIAT+13.JPG" style="cursor: hand; cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 300px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/SwWnZi1ELXI/AAAAAAAAFgs/mhw1QVyPHEQ/s1600/CIAT+14.JPG" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}"&gt;&lt;img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5405910985016094066" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/SwWnZi1ELXI/AAAAAAAAFgs/mhw1QVyPHEQ/s400/CIAT+14.JPG" style="cursor: hand; cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 300px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/SwWnQUD8uhI/AAAAAAAAFgk/bQ5ILXe1qJ8/s1600/CIAT+15.JPG" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}"&gt;&lt;img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5405910826433165842" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/SwWnQUD8uhI/AAAAAAAAFgk/bQ5ILXe1qJ8/s400/CIAT+15.JPG" style="cursor: hand; cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 300px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/SwWnIuM3ZcI/AAAAAAAAFgc/bLRCHPHvysI/s1600/CIAT+16.JPG" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}"&gt;&lt;img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5405910696010933698" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/SwWnIuM3ZcI/AAAAAAAAFgc/bLRCHPHvysI/s400/CIAT+16.JPG" style="cursor: hand; cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 300px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
"... Dr Tony (Entomologist) and Dr Elizabeth (Pathologist) from CIAT and I will visit to Vietnam in the middle of November, from 15 to 22 Nov in Vietnam. As you know that there is a cassava disease problem in Vietnam and it seems to spread out very quickly in many parts of cassava growing areas in Vietnam. The main reason to visit Vietnam is that to get a better idea of the pest and disease problem on cassava in Vietnam. I believe that the coming trip will help us to fight against the pest and disease in the region. I am now organizing their trip to Vietnam to visit cassava planning provinces especially the serious disease affected areas in the provinces."&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;Dr. Tin Maung Aye,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;br /&gt;
(Who runs CIAT main cassava project in SE Asia)&lt;br /&gt;
CIAT, c/o FCRI, Dept. of Agriculture&lt;br /&gt;
Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand&lt;br /&gt;
Office telephone: +66-02579-7551&lt;br /&gt;
Office telephone and fax: +66-02940-5541&lt;br /&gt;
Email: &lt;a href="http://www.blogger.com/t.aye@cgiar.org"&gt;t.aye@cgiar.org&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href="http://www.blogger.com/ciat-bangkok@cgiar.org"&gt;ciat-bangkok@cgiar.org&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;Keith Fahrney &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(CIAT-Asia) &lt;br /&gt;
Email: &lt;a href="http://www.blogger.com/k.fahrney@cgiar.org"&gt;k.fahrney@cgiar.org&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;Tiago Wandschneider&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(CIAT-Vietnam) &lt;br /&gt;
Email: &lt;a href="http://www.blogger.com/t.wandschneider@cgiar.org"&gt;t.wandschneider@cgiar.org&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/SwWn9NUlJEI/AAAAAAAAFhM/cp0iJIboYXk/s1600/CIAT+09.JPG" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}"&gt;&lt;img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5405911597717988418" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/SwWn9NUlJEI/AAAAAAAAFhM/cp0iJIboYXk/s400/CIAT+09.JPG" style="cursor: hand; cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 300px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;POTENTIAL MEALBUG PROBLEM IN CASSAVA &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;From: Reinhardt Howeler CIAT-BANGKOK&lt;/span&gt; &lt;ciat-bangkok @cgiar.org=""&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
To: "Jarungsit Limsila" &lt;atcharalimsila @yahoo.com=""&gt;, "Wang Wenquang" &lt;wquanw @hainan.net=""&gt;, "Wani Hadi Utomo" &lt;hadi_utomo @hotmail.com=""&gt;, "Marjuki" &lt;marjuki4663 @yahoo.com=""&gt;, "Sholihin" &lt;sholhalim @yahoo.com=""&gt;, "yudi widodo" &lt;yudi_atas @yahoo.com=""&gt;, "Wargiono" &lt;ed_aktp @yahoo.com=""&gt;, "Augustinus Omar Rahmanadi" &lt;a .omar.rahmanadi@djarum.com="" href=""&gt;, "Jonathan Schofield" &lt;jschofield @earo.crs.org=""&gt;, "Rod Lefroy" &lt;r .lefroy@cgiar.org=""&gt;, "Tin Maung Aye" &lt;t .aye@cgiar.org=""&gt;, "Keith Fahrney" &lt;k .fahrney@cgiar.org=""&gt;, "Lao Thao" &lt;l .thao@cgiar.org=""&gt;, "Thiphavong Boupha" &lt;t .boupha@cgiar.org=""&gt;, "Hongthong Phimmasan" &lt;hongthongp @yahoo.com=""&gt;, "Viengsavanh Phimphachanvongsod" &lt;v .phimphachanhvongsod@cgiar.org=""&gt;, "Phoumi Inthapanya" &lt;phoumi @nafri.org.la=""&gt;, "Phanthasin Khanthavong" &lt;/phoumi&gt;&lt;/v&gt;&lt;/hongthongp&gt;&lt;/t&gt;&lt;/l&gt;&lt;/k&gt;&lt;/t&gt;&lt;/r&gt;&lt;/jschofield&gt;&lt;div .khanthavong@yahoo.com=""&gt;, "Rob Kelly" &lt;rkelly @wcasia.org=""&gt;, "Silinthone Sacklokham" &lt;silinthone20 @hotmail.com=""&gt;, "Engku Ismail Engku Ahmad" &lt;eiea @mardi.my=""&gt;, "Narul Nahar Esa" &lt;naharesa @mardi.gov.my=""&gt;, "Tan Swee Lian" &lt;sliantan @yahoo.com=""&gt;, "Algerico Mariscal" &lt;ammariscal @yahoo.com=""&gt;, "Dioscoro Bolatete Jr." &lt;jojobolatete @yahoo.com=""&gt;, "Tran Ngoc Ngoan" &lt;tnngoan @vnn.vn=""&gt;, "Nguyen Vu Thai" &lt;vunguyen802003 @yahoo.com=""&gt;, "Nguyen Thi Hoa Ly" &lt;lydohoai @dng.vnn.vn=""&gt;, "Hoang Kim" &lt;hoangkim_vietnam @yahoo.com=""&gt;, "Phuong Nguyen" &lt;phuongdtg @yahoo.com=""&gt;, "Nguyen Huu Hy" &lt;hy_nguyenhuu @yahoo.com.vn=""&gt;, "Pham Thi Nhan" &lt;nhan_harc @yahoo.com.vn=""&gt;, "Nam Ho Dai" &lt;cnlaobao @vnn.vn=""&gt;, "Khanh Ton That Minh" &lt;khanhttm @snvworld.org=""&gt;, "Tiago Wandschneider" &lt;t .wandschneider@cgiar.org=""&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Date: Tuesday, 17 February, 2009, 11:32 AM&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;Dear friends and colleagues:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
You may be aware that two insects have been causing serious damage to cassava in Thailand during this past year.  One is the spiraling white fly (&lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;Aleurodicus disperses&lt;/span&gt;), which has long existed in many countries in Asia, on many different crops, but seldom did serious damage to cassava.  Last year the infestation was quite severe.  Even so, this insect affects mostly the lower leaves and thus has less impact on yield.  Spraying insecticides may be counterproductive as it may kill the biological control agents.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The second insect is more worrisome.  In many parts of Asia we have had a minor problem in cassava with the striped-mealy bug,  Ferrisia virgata, which caused only minor damage.  However, late last year and especially during the current dry season in Thailand, there is a serious mealy bug infestation in various parts of the country.  Dr. Bellotti, the CIAT cassava entomologist, who visited Thailand in October, suspected that the increased damage was done by one or more new species of mealy bugs, possibly &lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;Phenococcus manihoti&lt;/span&gt; and/or &lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;Phenococcus herrinni&lt;/span&gt;, which have also caused serious damage in Africa and Latin America, but have not previously been observed in Asia (including India).  Thai entomologists agree that this is probably a new and more dangerous species, and they are trying to identify the exact species and possible biological control agents.  Since CIAT/IITA collaboration during the 1980s was very successful in bringing a similar new infestation of &lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;P. herrinni &lt;/span&gt;in Africa under control, we may consider a similar effort in Asia with the possible introduction of effective biological control agents from Latin America into Asia.  But before this is done, we first need to identify the exact species causing the damage and to get some indication of the seriousness of the problem and the extent of its spread.  Thus, with this Email, I would like to request everyone to report to the CIAT-Bangkok office any serious or unusual infestations of both the whitefly and mealy bugs (or other insect or disease problems) on cassava in your area.  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In addition, since mealy bugs are easily transported on planting material, it is very dangerous to take any stakes or vegetative planting material across borders, especially from Thailand, but even more so from Africa, Latin America or India (where cassava mosaic disease is a serious problem).  Since these new insect pests have the potential to devastate the cassava industry in all of Asia, your help and collaboration is essential to bring this problem under control.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
With best regards, &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Reinhardt&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;Reinhardt Howeler&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Senior Expert &lt;br /&gt;
CIAT, c/o FCRI, Dept. of Agriculture&lt;br /&gt;
Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand&lt;br /&gt;
Email: &lt;/t&gt;&lt;/khanhttm&gt;&lt;/cnlaobao&gt;&lt;/nhan_harc&gt;&lt;/hy_nguyenhuu&gt;&lt;/phuongdtg&gt;&lt;/hoangkim_vietnam&gt;&lt;/lydohoai&gt;&lt;/vunguyen802003&gt;&lt;/tnngoan&gt;&lt;/jojobolatete&gt;&lt;/ammariscal&gt;&lt;/sliantan&gt;&lt;/naharesa&gt;&lt;/eiea&gt;&lt;/silinthone20&gt;&lt;/rkelly&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.blogger.com/r.howeler@cgiar.org"&gt;r.howeler@cgiar.org&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;For Vietnam:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Nguyen Van Bo &lt;a href="http://www.blogger.com/nvbo@hn.vnn.vn"&gt;nvbo@hn.vnn.vn&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="http://www.blogger.com/vaas@hn.vnn.vn"&gt;vaas@hn.vnn.vn&lt;/a&gt;,&lt;br /&gt;
Ngo Vinh Vien &lt;a href="http://www.blogger.com/ngovinhvien-bvtv@hn.vnn.vn"&gt;ngovinhvien-bvtv@hn.vnn.vn&lt;/a&gt;,&lt;br /&gt;
Le Dinh Don &lt;a href="http://www.blogger.com/ledinhdon@hcmuaf.edu.vn"&gt;ledinhdon@hcmuaf.edu.vn&lt;/a&gt; &lt;br /&gt;
Hoang Kim &lt;a href="http://www.blogger.com/hoangkim_vietnam@yahoo.com"&gt;hoangkim_vietnam@yahoo.com&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="http://www.blogger.com/hoangkim@hcmuaf.edu.vn"&gt;hoangkim@hcmuaf.edu.vn&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/ed_aktp&gt;&lt;/yudi_atas&gt;&lt;/sholhalim&gt;&lt;/marjuki4663&gt;&lt;/hadi_utomo&gt;&lt;/wquanw&gt;&lt;/atcharalimsila&gt;&lt;/ciat-bangkok&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;FOOD CROPS
www.foodcrops.blogspot.com&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/4930984968650892465-3495843554099973834?l=foodcrops.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/FoodCrops/~4/GiNNPEP0Y_Q" height="1" width="1"/&gt;</description><app:edited xmlns:app="http://www.w3.org/2007/app">2010-01-14T19:53:02.669+07:00</app:edited><media:thumbnail url="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/SwWpGKk7cjI/AAAAAAAAFiU/671tuR2t5lY/s72-c/CIAT+01.JPG" height="72" width="72" /><thr:total xmlns:thr="http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0">0</thr:total><feedburner:origLink>http://foodcrops.blogspot.com/2009/11/visit-regarding-cassava-pests-and.html</feedburner:origLink></item><item><title>Việt Nam - “chốn tổ” của cây lúa vươn tới nghề trồng lúa công nghệ cao</title><link>http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/FoodCrops/~3/03tqS5DYZMA/viet-nam-chon-to-cua-cay-lua-vuon-toi.html</link><category>Việt Nam - “chốn tổ” của cây lúa</category><author>hoangkim_vietnam@yahoo.com (hoangkimvietnam and hoanglong)</author><pubDate>Sat, 18 Jun 2011 10:27:51 PDT</pubDate><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4930984968650892465.post-1982328997545435315</guid><description>&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/StGrfyRwOPI/AAAAAAAAFcA/JQUwVVMdhSE/s1600-h/Cay+lua+Viet+Nam+1.jpg" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}"&gt;&lt;img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5391278791499725042" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/StGrfyRwOPI/AAAAAAAAFcA/JQUwVVMdhSE/s400/Cay+lua+Viet+Nam+1.jpg" style="cursor: hand; display: block; height: 282px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;GS.TS. Nguyễn Văn Luật &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://foodcrops.blogspot.com/"&gt;FOOD CROPS&lt;/a&gt;. Việt Nam là một trong những “chốn tổ” của cây lúa. Việt Nam cũng là một trong những “cái nôi” của loài người. Điều này được chứng minh bằng rất nhiều chứng cứ, trước hết bằng những di chỉ khảo cổ học. Nền văn hóa hang động ngày một phát lộ nhiều hơn. Đấy là sự hiện hữu phong phú của những hạt thóc, vỏ trấu trong hang, những cây ăn củ từ xa xưa mọc quanh hang; những công cụ sản xuất bằng đá cũ, đá mới, bằng đồng, bằng sắt cổ xưa rải rắc và ẩn sâu trong lòng đất hay ở hang động. Bắt đầu từ thời đại đồ đá, vượn người ở Việt Nam sử dụng công cụ để sản xuất lúa khoai mà trở thành người Việt Nam cổ đại. Những chứng cứ trên ở những thời điểm nhất định thể hiện nền văn hóa trồng lúa. Cả quá trình lịch sử hoàn thiện nghề trồng lúa thể hiện nền văn minh trồng lúa, luôn phát triển lên những tầm cao mới. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Nông nghiệp Việt Nam đã có từ 10.000-12.000 năm trước đây, bắt đầu từ cây ăn củ và cây lúa. Trong thế kỷ 20, cây lúa Việt Nam đã được nghiên cứu bởi nhiều nhà khoa học trong và ngòai nước ở các ngành khác nhau, như khảo cổ hoc, nhân chủng học, ngôn ngữ học, địa lý, di truyền, sinh lý thực vật, nông học v. v.. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Trải qua hàng thiên niên kỷ, quá trình phát triển nền văn minh trồng lúa đã để lại những bằng chứng phong phú về các nền văn hóa kế tiếp nhau: nền văn hóa Sơn Vi và Hòa Bình, nền văn hóa Phùng Nguyên, Đồng Đậu, Gò Mun, Đông Sơn.. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Nền văn hóa phi vật thể xung quanh nghề trồng lúa ở Việt Nam đã chứa dựng biết bao kinh nghiệm qúy truyền lại cho hậu thế, bằng hình thúc truyền miệng ca dao, phương ngôn, tục ngữ. Đơn cử một số câu sau:”Nhất thì nhì thục”; “ Tốt giống, tốt má, tốt mạ, tốt lúa”; “ Gió đông là chồng lúa chiêm, Gió bấc là duyên lúa mùa”; “Ước gì anh hóa con ó vàng, Bay qua đám cấy quắp nàng cùng đi”; “Em còn đang bận ba cây lúa muộn nó tốn tền, Cấy xong ba cây lúa muộn em sẽ cuốn mền theo anh”.. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Đời sống cây lúa, bắt đầu từ lúa hoang dại lưu niên. Người tiền sử (Homo sapiens) khi đó kiếm sống qua nhiều đời bằng hái lượm. Bước vào một thời kỳ mới tiến bộ vượt bậc là biết dùng công cụ bằng đá, rồi bằng đồng, bằng sắt để sản xuất lúa. Cũng từ lúc này, Homo sapiens trở thành người nông dân. Chỉ mới vài thập kỷ trước đây thôi, họat động hái lượm hạt lúa hoang ở Nam bộ còn khá phổ biến trong mùa nước nổi. Trên những chiếc ghe, một người chèo lái, một người gạt bông lúa hoang dễ rụng hạt vào lòng ghe. Một ngày có thể thu một vài giạ thóc. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Người ngày một động, yêu cầu về lương thực ngày một nhiều, công cụ sản xuất ngày một tinh xảo, kỹ năng và năng suất lao động ngày một cao. Người nông dân trải qua hàng thiên niên kỷ đã chọn ra những giống lúa có đặc tính phù hợp. Đời sống cây lúa từ lưu niên, đến hàng năm, cho đến nay thì phổ biến làm 2 vụ/ năm. Đồng thời, thân lúa ngắn lại dần, lá thẳng đứng, bông to, hạt nhiều hơn, dẫn đến năng suất lúa tăng. Đã có nơi làm được 3 vụ lúa/ năm khá phổ biến, và có nơi 2 năm làm 7 vụ, thậm chí 1 năm làm 4 vụ, vì dùng những giống lúa cực sớm với kỹ thuật thích hợp, như giống thuộc nhóm Ao cao sản xuất khẩu OMCS ≤ 90 ngày ở đồng bằng sông Cửu Long. Đã có hàng chục giống lúa thuộc nhóm này, được sử dụng hàng năm tới gần 1 triệu ha. Người có công lai tạo trực tiếp những giống lúa độc đáo này là kỹ sư Nguyễn Văn Lõan, học trò của thày Lương Định Của, cũng là một trong 10 nhà khoa học của Viện Lúa ĐBSCLđược Giải thưởng Hồ Chí Minh, giải thưởng cao qúy nhất dành cho các nhà khoa học. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Liên quan tới diện tích gieo trồng lúa, năng suất và tổng sản lượng lúa cả nước, có thể chia ra làm các thời kỳ như sau: &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;+ Từ năm 1878 đến 1945, trong thời kỳ Pháp thuộc, năng suất lúa chỉ đạt trên dưới 1 tấn/ ha và sản lượng lúa vẻn vẹn 5 triệu tấn lúa. Trước đó còn thấp hơn nữa. Sản xuất lúa quảng canh, khai thác độ mầu mỡ sẵn có của đất bằng giống lúa cổ truyền. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;+ Từ năm 1945 đến 1955, năng suất lúa bình quân đạt 1,2 – 1, 4t/ha, với diện tích gieo trồng 4,2 đến 4,6 triệu ha, và tổng sản lượng đạt 5,5 triệu đến 6,7 triệu tấn thóc. Điều kiện chính ảnh hưởng đến thâm canh lúa ở thời kỳ này là: xây dựng đồng ruộng trồng lúa, lao động dồi dào, và đất đai mầu mỡ. Trong thời kỳ này, miền Bắc có phong trào làm bèo hoa dâu khá mạnh, bắt nguồn từ làng La Vân Thái Bình, bổ xung nguồn đạm và chất hữu cơ cho ruộng lúa. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;+ Từ 1960 đến 1985 (trước đổi mới): Năng suất bình quân: 2,0 đến 2,8t/ha; diện tích gieo trồng tăng đáng kể: 4,8 lên đến 5,7t triệu ha; tổng sản lượng: 9,5 đến 15,9 triệu tấn/ năm. Những nhân tố hàng đầu ảnh hưởng đến nghề trồng lúa là: thủy lợi được cải thiện, dùng giống lúa mới cao sản (HYV), chủ yếu nhập từ Viện Lúa Quốc tế (IRRI) vào khỏang 40% diện tích lúa; bón phân hóa học và cơ giới hóa trên 30-40% diện tích trồng lúa. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;+ Từ 1990 đến 1999, năng suất lúa tăng từ 3,2 lên trên 4 tấn/ ha, diện tích gieo trồng lúa tăng từ 6 triệu ha lên 7,7 triệu ha, và sản lượng tăng từ 19,5 lên 31,0 triệu tấn thóc. Ảnh hưởng lớn nhất đến sản xuất lúa trong thời kỳ này là thủy lợi được cải thiện, đã chủ động tiêu tưới được 60- 80% diện tích lúa tùy địa phương. Nhà nước và nông dân đầu tư cho sản xuất lúa tăng từ 2 đến 4 lần, cho điều kiện tiêu tưới, phân hóa học và thuốc sát trùng, cơ giới hóa sản xuất lúa, và tỷ lệ diện tích dùng giống mới cao, tới 80% diện tích. Bên cạnh giống nhập nội từ IRRI và Trung Quốc, các giống mới do ta tự tạo chọn chiếm một tỷ lệ ngày càng cao, nhất là ở ĐBSCL. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;+ Từ năm 2000 đến nay, đặc điểm nổi bật nhất của sản xuất lúa ở thập kỷ đầu của thế kỷ 21 là diện tích canh tác và gieo trồng lúa đều giảm do mở các khu công nghiệp, khu đô thị và sân golf, nhưng sản lượng lúa vẫn tăng do năng suất lúa tăng. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Về mặt khoa học và công nghệ, các điều kiện tăng năng suất để tăng sản lượng lúa có chất lượng gạo cao đều được cải thiện, như các điều kiện về tiêu tưới nước, dinh dưỡng và bảo vệ cây trồng, cơ giới hóa sản xuất lúa và sau thu họach, và nổi trội hơn cả là quá trình cải thiện cơ cấu giống lúa. Thông tin đại chúng gần đây cho biết năm 2009 này Việt Nam lại đạt kỷ lục mới về sản lượng lúa, gần chạm mức kỷ lục sản lượng 40 triệu tấn thóc, xuất khảu cũng vươn tới mức kỷ lục mới 6 triệu tấn gạo! &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Hiện nay, diện tích dùng giống lúa cải tiến, hay giống lúa thấp cây cao sản ngắn ngày (High Yielding Variety- HYV) lên tới khỏang 90%. Một thể hiện sự nỗ lực trong tạo chọn giống lúa ở Việt Nam thời gian qua là: ở thập kỷ 60, 70 của thế kỷ trước, hầu hết giống mới đều nhập nội hay có nguồn gốc ở nước ngòai. Đến nay, giống lúa được tạo chọn trong nước đã chiếm gần 50%, trong đó ở ĐBSCL là 75%; ở ĐBSH là 13-15%, còn lại là nhập nội. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Diện tích trồng lúa thuần nhập từ Trung Quốc cả 2 vụ là 1,35 triệu ha, trong đó ĐBSH là cao nhất (58,5%). Diện tích dùng giống của Trung Quốc giảm dần xuống phia Nam : ở miền Đông Nam bộ là khỏang 9%; và không có ở ĐBSCL. Giống lúa thuần có nguồn gốc từ IRRI là hơn 1 triệu ha, trong đó Trung du và miền núi phía Bắc có 2,4%; ĐBSH 3,2%; miền Đông Nam bộ có cao nhất, 21% và 26%, nhưng vùng ĐBSCL chỉ còn 11%, vì phải “cạnh tranh” với giống tạo chọn trong nước. Người nông dân chọn giống nào đó để sản xuất thì đâu cần biết của ai và từ đâu đến. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Diện tích lúa ưu thế lai cả nước đạt khỏang 60 đến 70 vạn ha, chiếm gần 10% diện tích gieo trồng lúa. Vùng có tỷ lệ diện tích cao nhất là miền núi phía Bắc và Bắc Trung bộ, lúa lai chiến diện tích 21 và 26%. Diện tích này cũng giảm dần về phía Nam , đến ĐBSCL thi chỉ còn một diện tích rất khiêm tốn. Hạt giống lúa lai còn phải nhập tư Trung Quốc. Nhưng các nhà khoa học ở ĐBSH đã tự tạo chọn được nhiều giống lúa lai triển vọng, như giống lúa lai 2 dòng TH3-3 của PGsTs Nguyễn Thị Trâm, cũng là 1 trong những học trò của thày Của, và đã được Giải thưởng Kovalepxkaja.. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Trong những thập kỷ tới, thế kỷ tới, nền văn minh trồng lúa hiện nay thế tất sẽ để lại những kinh nghiệm cho nền văn minh trồng lúa mai sau, nền văn minh trồng lúa công nghệ cao. Đấy là những bước phát triển lên tầm cao của công nghệ sinh học, công nghệ thông tin, công nghệ vật liệu mới, công nghệ vũ trụ học, công nghệ hải dương học. Chúng tôi đã có dịp tham quan sự vận hành của những công nghệ này trong sản xuất lúa ở ngòai nước, và cả ở trong nước, như điều khiển bằng remote vận hành máy nông nghiệp, sử dụng tia lade trong khâu san phẳng ruộng, áp dụng công nghệ nano trong sản xuất phân bón và thuốc nảo vệ thực vật, điều khiển tưới nước bằng computer theo chương trình cài đặt trước. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Những giải pháp kỹ thuật khoa học nông nghiệp nuôi 9 tỷ người vào năm 2050 cũng đang được nghiên cứu và cho kết quả rất triển vọng cho việc áp dụng vào sản xuất đại trà. Chúng tôi cũng nhận được khá nhiều thông tin từ các nhà khoa học là đồng nghiệp đang làm tại FAO, hay cư trú tại Mỹ, Canada , Nhật.. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Một trong những tài liệu vừa nhận được (17/07/2009, Irvine, Nam Cali-Hoa Kỳ) là của Gs Tôn Thất Trình, một nhà khoa học gần 80 tuổi mà rất tâm huyết với nền nông nghiệp nước nhà, liên tục gửi những thông tin và ý kiến đóng góp của minh (chúng tôi có tiếp chuyển cho những bạn đồng nghiệp cần). Xin được giới thiệu tóm tắt như sau: (i) Giải pháp khai thác vùng sa mạc, vùng bờ biển khô nóng là dùng nhà kiếng (green house), biến nước biển thành nước ngọt trồng hoa màu, khỏi dùng nhà máy khử muối biển quá tốn kém; (ii) Dùng công nghệ di truyền tạo ra những giống lúa siêu năng, lọai lúa C4, tương tự lề lối quang hợp của cây bắp (ngô), cây lúa miến. Theo báo cáo của IRRI về hứa hẹn của cây lúa C4 thì 10 năm nữa sẽ ra mắt thiên hạ; (iii) Thay thế phân bón hóa học bằng phân vi sinh vật. Nhà di truyền học phân tử và vi trùng học, Gs C A Reddy ở đại học bang Michigan, đã nghiên cứu khảo sát 300 lọai vi sinh vật trong đất, tạo ra một hỗn hợp cốc ten (cocktail) vừa giảm được yêu cầu về phân hóa học, vừa bảo vệ được cây trồng chống mầm bệnh, tăng năng suất hầu hết cây trồng, như những cây ông đã làm thí nghiệm là cà chua, cỏ voi, cà dái dê. Sản phẩm được bán ra dưới dạng lỏng tưới vào đất cho “Đất sinh học tăng cường” (Bio Soil Enhancers), lọai này “tự bền vững”, chứ không phải bón hàng vụ như phân hóa học; (iv) Công nghệ “canh tác chính xác” gồm cách dùng máy cày do hệ thống định vị GIS hướng dẫn, có thể bón phân, tưới nước, gieo hạt... với mức độ chính xác chừng 2 cm. Một hệ thống máy dò được đặt sâu 0,3m khỏang 8- 12 cái/ha không có giây, sẽ cho những thông tin chính xác yêu cầu về nước tưới, phân bón, truyền lên computer trung ương để điều khiển máy nông nghiệp thực hiện. Nông dân tốn thêm 40 – 60 USD, nhưng tiết kiệm được 300 USD; (v) Phục sinh đất trồng đã bị thóai hóa, xuống cấp, trở thành đất trồng trọt, bằng cách bổ sung than (hoa, cây củi), còn gọi là than sinh học cung cấp cho cây trồng chất dinh dưỡng cần thiết, đồng thời lại giam cầm khí CO2. Tiềm năng kỹ thuật mới này biến những vùng đất bao la không canh tác này thành đất canh tác; (vi) Tạo giống “siêu hoa mầu” đang được các nhà di truyền thực hện với khoai mì (củ sắn- cassava), tăng thêm 10 lần chất bổ so với hiện nay, dự kiến sẽ hoàn thành vào 2015. Thế giới hiện có 500 triệu người trông cậy vào khoai mì làm lương thực chính; (vii) Tái lập bản đồ cho cả một lục địa là chương trình nghiên cứu nhằm giúp vùng sa mạc Sahara Phi châu. lập được bản đồ ẩm độ tích cực và ẩm độ tiêu cực có ảnh hưởng trực tiếp tới năng suất cây trồng, cùng với nhiều dữ liệu khác, như thành phần đất, khí hậu, mô hình lý thuýết và các kiểu phát triển.. (viii) Sử dụng robot làm nhân công nông nghiệp.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;GS.TS. Nguyễn Văn Luật (1)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;(Bài đặng do tác giả gửi)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;(1) Nguyên Viện Trưởng Viện Lúa Đồng Bằng Sông Cửu Long&lt;br /&gt;Anh hùng lao động, giải thưởng Hồ Chí Minh &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;10/10/2009&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;FOOD CROPS
www.foodcrops.blogspot.com&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/4930984968650892465-1982328997545435315?l=foodcrops.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/FoodCrops/~4/03tqS5DYZMA" height="1" width="1"/&gt;</description><app:edited xmlns:app="http://www.w3.org/2007/app">2011-06-19T00:27:51.117+07:00</app:edited><media:thumbnail url="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/StGrfyRwOPI/AAAAAAAAFcA/JQUwVVMdhSE/s72-c/Cay+lua+Viet+Nam+1.jpg" height="72" width="72" /><thr:total xmlns:thr="http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0">1</thr:total><feedburner:origLink>http://foodcrops.blogspot.com/2009/10/viet-nam-chon-to-cua-cay-lua-vuon-toi.html</feedburner:origLink></item><item><title>Norman Borlaug di sản niềm tin và nổ lực</title><link>http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/FoodCrops/~3/t6oypquPrHs/nho-norman-borlaug.html</link><category>Norman Borlaug di sản niềm tin và nổ lực</category><author>hoangkim_vietnam@yahoo.com (hoangkimvietnam and hoanglong)</author><pubDate>Fri, 18 Sep 2009 20:26:53 PDT</pubDate><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4930984968650892465.post-3986387693427075616</guid><description>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/SrQdC6NmG9I/AAAAAAAAFVA/cXatlh3T310/s1600-h/NB+1.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 300px;" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/SrQdC6NmG9I/AAAAAAAAFVA/cXatlh3T310/s400/NB+1.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5382959390437809106" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://foodcrops.blogspot.com"&gt;FOOD CROPS&lt;/a&gt;. "Đời người tối thiểu phải ăn, kế đến là học tập, công việc, nhà ở, quần áo và chăm sóc sức khỏe. Quanh ta còn nhiều mảnh đời bất hạnh. Hiểm họa nghèo đói vẫn bùng phát bất cứ lúc nào. Hãy luôn nhớ điều đó." Lời của Thầy Norman Bourlaug và di sản của Người về cuộc cách mạng xanh mãi mãi là niềm tin và nổ lực của chúng ta !&lt;/span&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;NHỚ NORMAN BORLAUG&lt;/span&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Tóm tắt tiểu sừ&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;Norman Ernest Borlaug (sinh ngày 25 tháng 3 năm 1914, từ trần ngày 12 tháng 9 năm 2009 tại Texas) là nhà nông học Mỹ, nhà nhân đạo, người đoạt giải Nobel và ông được gọi là cha đẻ của Cuộc cách mạng Xanh. Ông là người đã nhận được đồng thời ba giải thưởng lớn Nobel Peace Prize, Presidential Medal of Freedom, Congressional Gold Medal vì những cống hiến đặc biệt cao quý cho nhân loại. &lt;/strong&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;Norman Borlaug là tiến sĩ di truyền và bệnh cây của Trường Đại học Minnesota (University of Minnesota) năm 1942. Ông chuyên nghiên cứu chọn giống lúa mì tại Mexico và đã giới thiệu phát triển những giống lúa mì thấp cây, năng suất cao, kháng sâu bệnh nổi tiếng khắp thế giới. 
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&lt;br /&gt;Ông đã cống hiến suốt đời để cải thiện đời sống và thu nhập cho hàng trăm triệu nông dân nghèo trên toàn cầu. Ông dành nhiều thời gian cho giảng dạy, nghiên cứu, làm việc tại CIMMYT, CIANO ở Mexico, Trường đại học Texas A&amp;M University và Trung tâm chọn tạo giống cây trồng Center for Southern Crop Improvement ở Mỹ. Ông đã thực hiện nhiều dự án giúp đẩy mạnh sản xuất lương thực của nhiều nước ở châu Phi tại Benin, Burkina Faso, Ethiopia, Ghana, Guinea, Mali, Malawi, Mozambique, Nigeria, Tanzania và Uganda, ở châu Á tại Ấn Độ, Pakistan...; Ông là một trong những người sáng lập Giải thưởng Lương thực Thế giới (&lt;a href="http://www.worldfoodprize.org/"&gt;World Food Prize&lt;/a&gt;) và tổ chức nhiều hoạt động thiết thực khác. Đây là Cuộc cách mạng thứ hai của ông thắp sáng niềm tin yêu cuộc sống.
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&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.worldfoodprize.org/borlaug/borlaug-history.htm"&gt;http://www.worldfoodprize.org/borlaug/borlaug-history.htm&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.worldfoodprize.org/borlaug/borlaug-CV.htm"&gt;http://www.worldfoodprize.org/borlaug/borlaug-CV.htm&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.worldfoodprize.org/borlaug/borlaug-links.htm "&gt;http://www.worldfoodprize.org/borlaug/borlaug-links.htm &lt;/a&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.worldfoodprize.org/  "&gt;http://www.worldfoodprize.org/&lt;/a&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/SrROP1wU5iI/AAAAAAAAFYg/za7k2R8vN5E/s1600-h/Dr.+Borlaug+Visits+Tuskegee+University.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 326px; height: 327px;" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/SrROP1wU5iI/AAAAAAAAFYg/za7k2R8vN5E/s400/Dr.+Borlaug+Visits+Tuskegee+University.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5383013488649365026" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Tưởng nhớ Norman Ernest Borlaug&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://iambiotech.org/2009/09/14/norman-borlaug-1914-2009/"&gt;Norman Borlaug, 1914-2009&lt;/a&gt; (I am Biotech) 
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://media.www.ricethresher.org/media/storage/paper1290/news/2009/09/18/Opinion/Borlaugs.Legacy.Leaves.Lasting.Lessons-3775724.shtml"&gt;Borlaug's legacy leaves lasting lessons&lt;/a&gt; (The Rice Thresher) 
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.agbioworld.org/biotech-info/topics/borlaug/greatest.html"&gt;Norman Bourlaug is the Greatest Living American&lt;/a&gt; (AgBioWorld)
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.technologyreview.com/blog/guest/24118/"&gt;Norman Borlaug, Agronomist Who Fought World Hunger, Dies&lt;/a&gt; (Technology Review)
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052970203917304574410701828211352.html"&gt;Norman Borlaug: The man who fed the world&lt;/a&gt; (The wall street journal)
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/asia/article6832878.ece"&gt;Norman Borlaug, scientist who 'saved 245m lives', dies aged 95&lt;/a&gt; (Times Online)
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2009/09/14/business/energy-environment/14borlaug.html?pagewanted=all"&gt;Norman Borlaug, Plant Scientist Who Fought Famine, Dies at 95&lt;/a&gt; (The NewYork Times)
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.time.com/time/health/article/0,8599,1922059,00.html"&gt;Norman Bourlaug, 'Green' Scientist, Dies&lt;/a&gt; (Time)
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&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://dayvahoc.blogspot.com/search/label/Norman%20Bourlaug%20nhà%20khoa%20học%20xanh"&gt; Norman Bourlaug nhà khoa học xanh&lt;/a&gt; (Dayvahoc Blog)
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://mekongnet.ru/index.php?mod=News&amp;sid=11248"&gt;Cha đẻ của cách mạng Xanh: "Hãy vươn tới các vì sao"&lt;/a&gt; (Mekong News)
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://cayluongthuc.blogspot.com/2007/12/li-thy-dn.html"&gt;Lời Thầy dặn&lt;/a&gt; (Cayluongthuc Blog)
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&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Di sản, niềm tin và nổ lực&lt;/span&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Dr. NORMAN E. BORLAUG:
&lt;br /&gt;20th CENTURY LESSONS FOR THE 21st CENTURY WORLD&lt;/span&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;By Dr. Kenneth M. Quinn&lt;/span&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;Norman Borlaug’s approach to increasing global food production resulted in the saving of as many as one billion people worldwide from famine, starvation and death and earned him the title “Father of the Green Revolution.”Indeed, The Atlantic Monthly in 1997 said that “Norman Borlaug has already saved more lives than anyone who has ever lived.”
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&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Introduction&lt;/span&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;Since 1999, it has been my privilege to work directly with Dr. Norman Borlaug – comparing notes on our experiences in rural development, planning World Food Prize International Symposia, selecting young students for our International Internship Program and accompanying him to the 100th Anniversary of the Nobel Prize in Oslo.  In the course of doing this, I have spent many fascinating hours talking to him about his life and career.  It is a great story.
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&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;The Formative Years&lt;/span&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/SrRNzfa6h8I/AAAAAAAAFYY/ndeNPivc0j4/s1600-h/NB11.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="float:right; margin:0 0 10px 10px;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 294px; height: 201px;" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/SrRNzfa6h8I/AAAAAAAAFYY/ndeNPivc0j4/s400/NB11.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5383013001617639362" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;"The Borlaug Family Farm," painted by Douglas Eckheart, commissioned by the World Food Prize. 
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&lt;br /&gt;Named by TIME Magazine as one of the 100 most influential minds of the 20th century, Norman Borlaug is a quintessential American success story.  Norm, as he is known to all who work with him, was born in 1914 to Norwegian-American parents outside Cresco in the northeastern part of the American State of Iowa.  His boyhood was spent on a Norman Rockwell-esque farm, where he had indelibly etched on his psyche the value of hard work, first inculcated by his family and later by his teachers and mentors.
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&lt;br /&gt;His formal education began in a one-room schoolhouse.  It was there that a young Norm Borlaug first learned the lesson that confronting the harsh realities of prairie farm life could bring disparate people together and impel them to cooperate. Each morning, Borlaug recalls, the Lutheran Norwegian children from Cresco and the Czech (Bohemian) Catholics from Spillville would stand and sing “The Iowa Corn Song,” celebrating their new identity and the bond they now shared as Iowans. 
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&lt;br /&gt;These immigrant children discovered in that small Iowa school that they had much in common, just as their parents found that working together to ensure sufficient food for all was more important than any ethnic or linguistic differences that might initially divide them.  It was an insight that would remain with Borlaug throughout his life and would come to permeate his work.
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&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/SrRNMFaYIXI/AAAAAAAAFYQ/cwT75BtI5zU/s1600-h/NB12.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 197px; height: 259px;" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/SrRNMFaYIXI/AAAAAAAAFYQ/cwT75BtI5zU/s400/NB12.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5383012324621164914" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;Dr. Norman Borlaug, in his wrestling attire as a young man.
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&lt;br /&gt;Norm developed a dogged tenacity from participating in his high school wrestling program – another quality that would play a crucial role in some of his greatest achievements.  His coach, Dave Bartelma, taught him never to give up, no matter how formidable his adversary.  This attitude propelled Borlaug to the top of the inter-collegiate wrestling world and would later earn him induction in the NCAA Wrestling Hall of Fame.  
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&lt;br /&gt;Still another lesson Norm Borlaug absorbed was the critical importance of rural roads to spreading the word about the latest agricultural innovation and helping farmers get crops to market.  Iowa was dramatically affected by the Great Depression, with foreclosures on family farms bringing displaced families close to insurrection.  The network of farm-to-market roads being built all over the state not only facilitated agricultural production, but also the transport of children to school and access to medical care.  The roads uplifted an entire generation of rural Iowans in a way almost nothing else could.  Life improved and the specter of political unrest receded.
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&lt;br /&gt;All of these factors came together in a way that steered Norman Borlaug to seek a university education, the first person in his family to do so.  His initial thought was that he would study at Iowa State Teacher’s College and prepare for a career as a high school science teacher. This was a particularly arduous undertaking in the heart of the Great Depression.  I recall that as we drove through Oslo in December, 2001 during the Nobel Anniversary, Norm recounted to me how, after graduating from high school, he labored for 50 cents a day as a hired farm hand to save enough to pay for a year of college.  Eventually Norm had earned enough money, but made his way instead to the University of Minnesota where he would major in agricultural science, become an accomplished wrestler, meet his wife Margaret, and earn a Ph.D. in Plant Pathology.
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&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;In Touch with the Environment&lt;/span&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/SrRMpnWkk7I/AAAAAAAAFYI/rzJacgQUNIQ/s1600-h/NB13.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="float:right; margin:0 0 10px 10px;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 247px; height: 330px;" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/SrRMpnWkk7I/AAAAAAAAFYI/rzJacgQUNIQ/s400/NB13.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5383011732436587442" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;Dr. Borlaug on the back porch of his childhood home near Cresco, IA.
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&lt;br /&gt;To help pay his way through college, Borlaug worked in a coffee shop, served meals in a sorority house and parked cars.  In the summer, thanks to his major in forestry, he obtained a job as a ranger with the U.S. Forestry Service stationed along the Salmon River in a remote part of the western state of Idaho and later in Western Massachusetts.  He came to embrace the solitude of the forest and cared deeply about the plants and wildlife that was sustained in this habitat.  His expectation was that upon graduation, he would become a full-time employee of the Forest Service.
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&lt;br /&gt;However, fate intervened to redirect his life and to impact human history.  As Norm tells the story, just a few weeks before graduation, he received a letter from his supervisor in the U.S. Forest Service informing him that a tight budget situation meant that he could not start his new full-time Forest Ranger position for another six months.  A disappointed Borlaug agreed to delay his arrival and decided to take some additional courses on the Minnesota campus.  One day, he saw a notice on a bulletin board for a lecture by Dr. Elvin Stakman, the head of the university’s plant pathology department.  Borlaug decided to attend.
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&lt;br /&gt;Norm was riveted by Stakman’s lecture on rust – the parasitic fungus that attacked a wide variety of plants and trees.  As Lennard Bickel wrote in his biography of Borlaug, “ . . . that night . . . Stakman was a magnetic and compelling teacher.  His style, his sincerity, the intensity of his delivery made his words ring in Borlaug’s ears.”
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&lt;br /&gt;Stakman ended his discourse with a moving charge that it was science which would “ . . . go further than has ever been possible to eradicate the miseries of hunger and starvation from this earth.”  Norman Borlaug was hooked.  He rushed to see Stakman to ask to be admitted to the Ph.D. program in plant pathology and gave up the possibility of a career in the Forest Service.  It was a decision that would change his life, and save one billion people.
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&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Confronting Poverty – Mexico&lt;/span&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/SrRLvxleepI/AAAAAAAAFX4/3J56oV2Xw7U/s1600-h/NB14.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 216px; height: 283px;" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/SrRLvxleepI/AAAAAAAAFX4/3J56oV2Xw7U/s400/NB14.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5383010738751044242" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;The Rockefeller Foundation created CIMMYT to increase wheat production in Mexico in the 1940s. Seen here in a field of wheat, Dr. Borlaug joined CIMMYT shortly after its creation.
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&lt;br /&gt;Graduating in the middle of World War II, Dr. Borlaug went to work for the DuPont Corporation.  But he was soon approached about joining a fledgling research project being initiated by the Rockefeller Foundation in rural Mexico.  After completing his obligatory wartime service at DuPont, he accepted the offer.  There, he first saw the plight of poverty-stricken wheat farmers barely able to sustain themselves due to repeatedly poor harvests.  Once again, Borlaug found a wide chasm to be bridged.  There was an instinctive hesitation to adopt untried new technologies on the part of most subsistence farmers.  And, there was an understandable reluctance to trust the word of an expatriate American college boy who didn’t even speak their language.
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&lt;br /&gt;Borlaug admits to being extremely discouraged in this initial venture into the developing world.  But his commitment to learn the language, a healthy dose of the determination he learned in high school sports, and his willingness to get his hands dirty working in the fields eventually enabled him to connect with some farmers who tried his new approach to wheat production.  As Professor R. Douglas Hurt observed:  
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&lt;br /&gt;“In 1944, when Borlaug arrived in Mexico, its farmers raised less than half of the wheat necessary to meet the demands of the population.  Rust perennially ruined or diminished the harvest.  . . . Borlaug labored for 13 years before he and his team of agricultural scientists developed a disease resistant wheat.  (But) still problems remained.”
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&lt;br /&gt;While the new wheat variety he had developed increased yields and resisted rust, it did not have stems strong enough to hold the now heavy heads of grain.  Plants would topple over in the wind and rain.  Dr. Borlaug then turned to Japanese dwarf strains which he crossbred with the varieties being raised in the hot, dry climate of northern Mexico.  To accelerate his research and the development of new varieties, using what a Wall Street Journal article called “shuttle breeding,” Borlaug and his team would rush seeds to southern Mexico where it was possible to carry out a second growing season each year.
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&lt;br /&gt;The results were as astonishing as they had been difficult to attain.
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&lt;br /&gt;Aided by the use of fertilizer and irrigation, Borlaug’s new wheat varieties enabled Mexico to achieve self-sufficiency in 1956.  His belief in scientific research and a hands-on connection to the farmers paid off in what was considered an agricultural miracle. 
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&lt;br /&gt;These accomplishments on wheat plants were perhaps unexpected given Borlaug's upbringing in the cornfields of Iowa. This anomaly was noted by Vice President Henry Wallace on a visit to CIMMYT in the 1940s, where he said jokingly to Dr. Borlaug, "What's a good Iowa boy like you doing working on wheat?" 
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&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;The Green Revolution from CIMMYT to South Asia&lt;/span&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/SrRLL_BzKBI/AAAAAAAAFXw/WUqpy0TYb60/s1600-h/NB15.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="float:right; margin:0 0 10px 10px;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 296px; height: 199px;" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/SrRLL_BzKBI/AAAAAAAAFXw/WUqpy0TYb60/s400/NB15.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5383010123884210194" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;Vice President Henry Wallace speaks with Dr. Borlaug about his work with CIMMYT. Wallace, who like Borlaug was raised among the cornfields of Iowa, joked, "what's a good Iowa boy like you doing working on wheat?" 
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&lt;br /&gt;Inspired by his breakthrough achievements, the UN Food and Agriculture Organization and the Rockefeller Foundation asked Borlaug to turn his attention to the Middle East and South Asia.  The problem of extreme poverty and failing harvests afflicted not only Mexico, but also much of the developing world, and was exacerbated by the post-war population explosion.  As Indian agribusiness pioneer and World Food Prize Laureate Dr. B.R. Barwale noted, in the immediate aftermath of World War II, famine and the prospect of mass starvation haunted the Indian sub-continent and other parts of the globe.  The great Bangladesh famine in the late 1940s seemed an ominous harbinger of pandemic starvation which would extract a devastating toll, adding to the more than 160 million people worldwide who had already died of famine or starvation during the previous 100 years.
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&lt;br /&gt;But, much of the developing world was pulled back from the precipice of enormous human tragedy by the scientific pioneers who promulgated the Green Revolution.  Leading them was Dr. Norman Borlaug, and the young agricultural scientists he had trained at the Centro Internacional de Mejoramiento de Maiz y Trigo – the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) located outside Mexico City. 
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&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/SrRKy6w18wI/AAAAAAAAFXo/IGwoLlHfAAs/s1600-h/NB16.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 283px; height: 187px;" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/SrRKy6w18wI/AAAAAAAAFXo/IGwoLlHfAAs/s400/NB16.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5383009693242618626" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;Surrounded by a field of wheat, Dr. Borlaug talks with agriculture experts in India.
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&lt;br /&gt;Having overcome great resistance by farmers in Mexico, Borlaug and his compatriots faced the seemingly impossible task of convincing the leaders of both India and Pakistan – two countries bitterly divided – to embrace an entirely new approach to agriculture.  Borlaug recalled that going in to speak to these two most powerful political leaders required summoning the same amount of courage as when he stepped on the wrestling mat.  But he went forward and presented the options available to the seniormost political leaders of both countries. With the support of Malik Khuda Bakhsh Bucka (then minister of agriculture in Pakistan) and C. Subermanium (then minister of agriculture and food of India) and young scientists like Dr. M.S. Swaminathan, both countries made the courageous decision to adopt Borlaug’s breakthrough technology. It arrived just in time to prevent a human catastrophe.  By increasing crop yields in Pakistan and India fourfold, those traditionally food deficit countries became self-sufficient in an amazingly short time, saving hundreds of millions of lives.
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&lt;br /&gt;Borlaug’s achievements in wheat spread throughout the Middle East and North Africa with similar life-saving results.  Beginning in the early 1960’s, his approach to wheat breeding was introduced in Egypt, Tunisia, Syria, Iran, Libya, Jordan, Lebanon, Turkey, Iraq, Afghanistan, Algeria and Saudi Arabia, in many cases, through young scientists who had studied with him at CIMMYT.  Just how significant an impact he had was brought home to me four decades later, while I was visiting with the Egyptian Minister of Agriculture in Cairo.  When I mentioned Norman Borlaug’s name, the Minister immediately stopped the meeting and sent several aides rushing from the room.  They returned a few minutes later with displays of robust wheat plants which the Minister proudly showed me.  “We know Norman Borlaug very well,” the Minister declared, going on to point out how Borlaug’s innovations had helped transform agriculture in his country and throughout the region, to the benefit of millions upon millions of the citizens of all these countries.
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&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;The Impact in Asia&lt;/span&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/SrRKU314I4I/AAAAAAAAFXg/jNExDjpHMMA/s1600-h/NB17.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="float:right; margin:0 0 10px 10px;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 297px; height: 227px;" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/SrRKU314I4I/AAAAAAAAFXg/jNExDjpHMMA/s400/NB17.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5383009177062351746" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;Bags of wheat mark Dr. Borlaug's success in helping India attain self-sufficiency in food production
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;Borlaug’s successes in wheat were quickly replicated in other grains, most notably rice, by scientists such as M.S. Swaminathan in India, and Robert Chandler, Henry “Hank” Beachell and Gurdev Khush at the International Rice Research Institute in the Philippines.  Together, with countless others, they helped avert famine and starvation in much of the developing world in the second half of the 20th century.
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&lt;br /&gt;I was a young development worker in the Mekong Delta in 1968 when this new “miracle rice” from the Philippines arrived.  Its impact in the eight villages in which I worked was as stunning as it was immediate.  The four villages that were accessible by road experienced dramatic improvements, both in terms of nutrition and the well being of the people.  New IR-8 rice spread rapidly as peasant farmers with small plots were suddenly able to experience both increased yields and double crops.  This in turn led to tangible improvements in the quality of life:  child mortality dropped; malnutrition abated; and children, especially girls, stayed in school longer.  
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;At the same time, there was a rapid corresponding decrease in the level of armed conflict and military hostilities.  It was as though the combination of new roads and new rice seed caused the roots of violent extremism to wither and disappear in a way that military action alone could not.  By contrast, the four other villages, with no bridges and no road access, remained mired in poverty: the new “miracle seeds” were not put to use; children remained stunted; and warfare and political dissidence continued there unabated.
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;This experience seemed to confirm one of the central lessons of Norman Borlaug’s boyhood – the ability of agricultural innovation and rural roads to dramatically change social conditions.
&lt;br /&gt; 
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;The Nobel Prize&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/SrRJqRMBwNI/AAAAAAAAFXY/fRhKyI1a35Q/s1600-h/NB18.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 296px; height: 203px;" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/SrRJqRMBwNI/AAAAAAAAFXY/fRhKyI1a35Q/s400/NB18.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5383008445131768018" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;Shortly after Dr. Borlaug received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1970.
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;Dr. Norman Borlaug was presented the Nobel Peace Prize in 1970 for his accomplishments in India and Pakistan and for his role as “Father of the Green Revolution.”  It is indicative of the kind of person he is that when, on October 20, 1970, the phone call came to advise him of his selection as the Laureate, Norm was in a remote farm field in Mexico.  Margaret Borlaug had to drive for over an hour to tell him the news and ask him to return home to respond to the calls, and the concomitant press requests for interviews.  Lennard Bickel, in his 1974 biography of Borlaug, Facing Starvation, describes Norm’s reaction:  He told Margaret that he didn’t see how he could possibly come to speak on the phone since he and his assistants still had much more work to do.  He then went back to recording data on his test plots.  It was there that the TV camera crews found him two hours later. 
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;In a sense, when Borlaug received the Peace Prize on December 10, 1970, his life had come full circle.  Here he was, the son of immigrants who had left Norway due to extreme food shortages, now, back in their country of origin to receive one of the world’s highest honors for his role in increasing the world’s food supply.  As he stood in the great hall of the University of Oslo, Borlaug was lauded as an “indomitable man who fought rust and red tape . . . (and) who more than any other single man of our age, has provided bread for the hungry world.”
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;Borlaug remains the only agricultural scientist ever to receive the Nobel Peace Prize, and one of its least known recipients.  I recall reflecting as he sat among many other laureates for the 100th Anniversary “class picture,” that it was ironic that his name would be so little recognized, since compared to the other, more celebrated honorees, he had probably saved more lives than all of them put together.
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/SrRI1Ud3ucI/AAAAAAAAFXQ/e3m5gpVa6Tg/s1600-h/NB19.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 298px; height: 222px;" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/SrRI1Ud3ucI/AAAAAAAAFXQ/e3m5gpVa6Tg/s400/NB19.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5383007535478847938" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;Dr. Borlaug, stands with 2002 Nobel Peace Prize Laureate Jimmy Carter, Mr. John Ruan, and 2006 Nobel Peace Prize Laureate Muhammad Yunus. This photo was taken at the 1994 ceremony in Des Moines, IA where Dr. Yunus was awarded the World Food Prize. Carter and Ruan serve on the Council of Advisors for the World Food Prize, an organization which Borlaug founded.
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;In his laureate address, Borlaug stressed that the agricultural breakthrough achievements for which he was being honored were only providing a brief window of time during which the world must confront the specter of a burgeoning world population which would have to be fed.  As a result, Dr. Borlaug’s efforts did not cease or even slow after this recognition by the Nobel Foundation.  While many individuals might consider retiring after receiving such recognition, Dr. Borlaug has worked even harder in the four decades since his selection as the Peace Prize Laureate in the struggle against world hunger and malnutrition.  Even in his tenth decade of life, Dr. Borlaug has kept a heavy travel schedule, pressing forward with projects in Africa, passionately advocating the primacy of science and technology in improving global food security, devoting significant time and energy to education and promoting biotechnology as a way to preserve the environment.
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;Among Dr. Borlaug’s greatest accomplishments since his selection as a Nobel Peace Prize Laureate are:
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;His leadership with former President (and fellow Nobel Peace Prize Laureate) Jimmy Carter and The Carter Center, of The Sasakawa Global 2000 Program, which has promoted the production of Quality Protein Maize in sub-Saharan Africa, countering Marasmus and Kwashiorkor, and other forms of acute malnutrition for millions of at-risk children;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;The founding of the World Food Prize which exists to recognize and inspire Nobel-like achievements in food and agriculture; and
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;His 30-year relationship with China as that country’s agriculture was transformed;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;His prodigious efforts to educate the next generation of students and leaders on the crucial importance of world hunger and food security.
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Bringing the Green Revolution to Africa&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/SrRGlg6-pvI/AAAAAAAAFXI/9_qWVyTnVkU/s1600-h/NB20.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 296px; height: 243px;" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/SrRGlg6-pvI/AAAAAAAAFXI/9_qWVyTnVkU/s400/NB20.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5383005064920999666" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;Seen here alongside African children, Dr. Borlaug is working to end starvation and malnutrition on the continent through the Sasakawa Africa project. 
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;Since 1986, Dr. Borlaug has headed the Sasakawa Africa Association whose programs aim at defeating malnutrition and poverty in Africa.  Its activities center on bringing science-based crop production methods to the small farms of sub-Saharan Africa.  Proven agricultural technology is the key to overcoming widespread food shortages that condemn millions of people in Africa to lives of hardship and hunger.
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;Part of the Sasakawa Global 2000 endeavor, Sasakawa Africa projects are under way in a dozen African countries.  In addition to its partnerships with ministries of agriculture, the Sasakawa Africa Association collaborates with NGOs, businesses, and international development agencies.  Perhaps the most significant achievement of this effort is the successful development of highly nutritious corn – known as Quality Protein Maize – offers great promise in preventing acute malnutrition among children in Ghana, Mozambique, and other African countries, as well as in Mexico.  Perfected by a longtime Borlaug protégé at the Maize and Wheat Improvement Center in Mexico, Dr. Borlaug and the Sasakawa Africa Association have helped spread this life-saving food into villages with immediate effect – enhancing and saving the lives of thousands and thousands of children.
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;The World Food Prize&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/SrRGAq1uOsI/AAAAAAAAFXA/-t0kJbS7CIc/s1600-h/NB21.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 221px; height: 310px;" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/SrRGAq1uOsI/AAAAAAAAFXA/-t0kJbS7CIc/s400/NB21.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5383004431928146626" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;Dr. Norman E. Borlaug founded the World Food Prize in 1986. 
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;One of Dr. Borlaug’s most lasting contributions may be the creation of the World Food Prize.  Norm has often said he believes he was nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize because there is no Nobel Prize for agriculture or efforts to counter poverty and hunger.  Laureate Borlaug felt there should be, so shortly after receiving the Peace Prize, he approached the Nobel Committee urging the creation of a new Nobel Prize for Agriculture.  But it was not possible.  Not even Borlaugian grit and determination could change Alfred Nobel’s will.  Undeterred, Norm set out to create just such an honor.  In 1986, with the assistance of Carleton Smith and the support of the General Foods Corporation, he established a new award to recognize exceptional achievement – the World Food Prize.
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;The Prize of $250,000 is now endowed by philanthropist and businessman John Ruan, himself with origins in a small Iowa town just like Borlaug.  Ruan “rescued” The Prize when General Foods withdrew its sponsorship in 1989.  He moved it to Des Moines, Iowa, Borlaug’s native state, and established a foundation with a bi-partisan Council of Advisors that includes: Phillipine President Corazon Aquino; former U.S. Presidents Jimmy Carter and George Bush; and The Honorable Olusegun Obasanjo, now President of Nigeria.
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;During his time as Chairman, John Ruan stressed that he took this action because The Prize is now even more vital to inspiring a second Green Revolution that is necessary to prevent the possibility of future food crises.  “Right now, close to one billion people still suffer from malnutrition, nearly one-sixth of the world population, primarily women and children, infants and the unborn,” Ruan points out.
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/SrREsYDcBrI/AAAAAAAAFW4/q7MOHMyiFeI/s1600-h/NB22.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="float:right; margin:0 0 10px 10px;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 174px; height: 268px;" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/SrREsYDcBrI/AAAAAAAAFW4/q7MOHMyiFeI/s400/NB22.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5383002983776388786" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;The World Food Prize is awarded on or near World Food Day each year in the Iowa State Capitol Building.
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;John Ruan served as Chairman of The World Food Prize Foundation until 2003. Today his son, John Ruan III, serves as Chairman.
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;In addition to the Laureate Award Ceremony, the World Food Prize holds an International Symposium and a Global Youth Institute each October to foster a dialogue on world hunger and related issues. The symposium, recently renamed “The Borlaug Dialogue” brings over 700 people from more than 60 countries to Des Moines each October for what organizers call “the most significant observance of World Food Day anywhere around the globe.”  Recent symposium topics focused on the threat of agro-terrorism, the coming global water crisis, the dual global challenges of obesity and malnutrition, and the global impact of biofuels.
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;The World Food Prize has honored those who have made the most significant contributions to improving the quality, quantity and availability of food.  Swaminathan, Barwale, Beachell, Khush and Chandler all eventually became World Food Prize Laureates.  Other recipients of The Prize include experts and scientists from Brazil, China, Cuba, Denmark, India, Mexico, Sierra Leone, Switzerland and the United Kingdom, United Nations and United States.
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Opening to China&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/SrREK2q8K0I/AAAAAAAAFWw/3zZClqEPtmU/s1600-h/NB23.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 298px; height: 197px;" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/SrREK2q8K0I/AAAAAAAAFWw/3zZClqEPtmU/s400/NB23.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5383002407879584578" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;Amb. Kenneth Quinn, Bob Havener, Deputy Director of The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Luobiao Zhang and Dr. Borlaug at the International Symposium on Science &amp; Technology in Agriculture held in 2004 in Beijing, China.
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;One of the World Food Prize Laureates was He Kang, the former Chinese Minister of Agriculture who was honored in 1993 for implementing the policies that moved China to self-sufficiency in grain, in a remarkably short period of time.  Minister He and many of the agricultural scientists in China look to Dr. Borlaug as an “old friend” who provided them significant assistance along this road to success.  Borlaug’s spring wheats went to China, via Pakistan, during the late 1960s.  They were crossed with Chinese wheats, as well as directly selected for use.  Borlaug himself led the way in establishing connections between China and the West.  He has been going to China since 1974; one of the first scientists from the West to begin visiting there.  He was there again in 1977 and at various times during the 1980s and 1990s.  He has traveled extensively in the country, initially to wheat-growing areas, and over time to maize and other agricultural areas, talking with farmers and urging adoption of approaches he developed.  During these visits, Borlaug has seen the tremendous improvements that have taken place since the collapse of the Cultural Revolution, particularly beginning in the watershed year of 1978.  Borlaug often traces this success to the changes in Chinese nutrient management strategies, moving from a reliance on organic recycling of manure, through the building of small-scale plants and imports; to Chou en Lai’s authorization of the purchase of multiple large-scale nitrogen plants.
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;Reflecting the friendship and spirit of cooperation he has always demonstrated in his relationship with Chinese scientists and policymakers, Norman Borlaug was made an honorary member of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences in 1994.
&lt;br /&gt; 
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Youth Education&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/SrRCrB2C7hI/AAAAAAAAFWo/FFQF0f4LrrI/s1600-h/NB24.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="float:right; margin:0 0 10px 10px;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 295px; height: 203px;" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/SrRCrB2C7hI/AAAAAAAAFWo/FFQF0f4LrrI/s400/NB24.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5383000761611513362" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;Committed to educating the next generation, Dr. Borlaug has mentored countless youth through a variety of programs.
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;Dr. Borlaug has been committed to youth activities and education throughout his career.  While pursuing breakthroughs in plant science in Mexico, he served as Scoutmaster for his local Boy Scout Troop, and as coach of the first Mexican Little League baseball team.  Even today, he continues to devote himself to passing on to the next generation his passion for science and education as the means to uplift people mired in poverty.  Thus, in between attending conferences and giving lectures around the world, he continues to teach at Texas A&amp;M University, where he holds a post as a Distinguished Professor in the Department of Soil and Crop Sciences.
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;To promote interest in global food security, in partnership with John Ruan, he created The World Food Prize Youth Institute, which is held in conjunction with The World Food Prize International Symposium each October in Des Moines.  There, high school age students interact with Dr. Borlaug, World Food Prize Laureates and other experts to discuss the potential solutions to world hunger and the roles they, the leaders of tomorrow, might play in making them a reality. In 1994 its first year, the Youth Institute had 13 schools represented. A decade later, close to 100 students and 100 teachers were attending each year.
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/SrRB_PtTcSI/AAAAAAAAFWg/r-pbsWhJrg0/s1600-h/NB25.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 250px; height: 311px;" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/SrRB_PtTcSI/AAAAAAAAFWg/r-pbsWhJrg0/s400/NB25.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5383000009418699042" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;As coach of the Aguilas and founder of the first little league baseball team in Mexico, Dr. Borlaug and his son William "Billy" pose for a photo in 1959.
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;Under Dr. Borlaug’s direction, the Youth Institute has developed an International Internship program which sends a dozen exceptional high school students on eight-week summer internships to international agricultural research centers in Brazil, China, Costa Rica, Egypt, Ethiopia, India, Indonesia, Kenya, Malaysia, Mexico, Peru, the Philippines, Taiwan, Thailand and Trinidad.  He wants them to have that same type of life-altering experience that he had when he heard Elvin Stakman speak on that cold Minnesota night in 1937.
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;When speaking to young people in the early years of the 21st Century, Borlaug often quotes Thomas Jefferson as rhetorically asking whether:
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;“Ease and security – were these the drugs that abated the eternal challenge of the minds of men?…Did nations like men become lethargic when well fed and bodily comfortable?”
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;It is clear that Borlaug worries that this may be the case, particularly now that almost all young Americans are physically removed from farming, and the connection between our food supply and agriculture production is no longer so clearly understood.  But no doubt, he takes heart when some of the students returning from their eight week World Food Prize International Internships volunteer that coming face to face with third world poverty was a “life-changing experience,” perhaps not unlike Borlaug’s own epiphany as he listened to his mentor—Elvin Stakman—almost 70 years ago.
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt; 
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Conclusion – Applying the Lessons of the 20th Century&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;Exhibiting the virtues he learned growing up, Norm Borlaug is still going strong, traveling the world to promote greater attention to, and investment in, rural infrastructure (particularly roads and bridges), agricultural research and education.  Norm believes all these are essential if we are to have the next “Green Revolution,” – the one which will lift the remaining one billion people out of the misery of malnutrition and end pandemic poverty.  
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;In his speeches he advocates biotechnology and the crucial role he sees for it in feeding and enhancing the nutrition of those still in tenuous food security situations, particularly in Africa.  His dream is that a scientist will discover the gene in the rice plant that prevents it from developing rust disease, and transplant it into wheat and other crops devastated by this scourge.
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;Genetically modified crops are controversial, but, never one to back away from a confrontation, Borlaug argues that we must rely on science and research to answer the questions about whether GMO foods pose any environmental risks.  At the same time, he stresses that what is needed is not just miracle seeds and other agricultural inputs, but also the educational facilities to uplift the young and logistical infrastructure (like roads and railroads) to make Africa prosper.
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;He laments the declining trend in support for public agricultural research, such as at CIMMYT, where the crucial discoveries that led to the first Green Revolution took place.  In June 2002, he and all the living World Food Prize Laureates issued a statement at the World Food Summit in Rome calling for a reversal of this trend.
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;And when he concludes his remarks, something of the old forester comes to the fore.  Borlaug points out that with the earth’s population increasing exponentially, all these new people can be fed in only one of two ways.  Either we significantly increase yields on the land now in production, or we plow under the remaining rainforests and other habitats for wild animals in order to have more land to farm.  Biotechnology, he stresses, will help preserve the ecosystem while also reducing hunger and malnutrition, by providing these increased yields.  In that way, he once told a group of Iowa high school students, he may be saving more trees as a plant pathologist than he even would have as a forest ranger.
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;But, I believe Norm Borlaug’s message may be just as relevant for those who seek to counter terrorism and bring a lasting peace in the Middle East and South Asia.  Just as I saw the first “Green Revolution” evaporate political and military hostility more than 30 years ago in the Mekong Delta, it just may be that a “New Green Revolution” (and the roads to make it happen) represents one of the most potent forces available to this generation to dissipate the sources of terrorism – which breed and are sustained in the poorest parts of the world, such as Afghanistan and Somalia.
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;A dialogue on cutting-edge topics in food, agriculture and nutrition occurs each year at the Norman E. Borlaug International Symposium, informally known as the Borlaug Dialogue. The symposium, an integral program of the World Food Prize Foundation which Dr. Borlaug founded in 1986, hosts speakers from around the globe. Past topics include agroterrorism, the dual challenges of obesity and malnutrition, and the impending global water crisis.
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;The World Food Prize is also developing plans for the Norman E. Borlaug Hall of Laureates. The venue will be the future home of the Borlaug Dialogue and will also serve as a museum  to honor the life-saving achievements of Dr. Borlaug, the World Food Prize Laureates and Iowans such as Herbert Hoover, Henry Wallace and George Washington Carver. The Hall of Laureates will play host to many activities intended to educate and inspire those involved in the fight against hunger, including the Iowa Hunger Summit and World Food Prize Youth Institute. These and other efforts by the World Food Prize strive to ensure Dr. Borlaug's legacy of feeding the world will live in perpetuity.
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;As the person who has probably saved more lives in the Islamic world than anyone who has ever lived, it would be only fitting if Norman Borlaug’s 20th century message of using seeds and roads to reach across political, ethnic and religious chasms to uplift hungry, suffering people would be the vehicle that brought peace and reconciliation to a deeply troubled and divided 21st century world. 
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/SrRBSq5ko0I/AAAAAAAAFWY/xRpx6V3mC6M/s1600-h/NB26.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 78px; height: 113px;" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/SrRBSq5ko0I/AAAAAAAAFWY/xRpx6V3mC6M/s400/NB26.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5382999243623801666" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;Kenneth M. Quinn is President of The World Food Prize Foundation, a non-partisan organization dedicated to inspiring breakthrough achievements that can lessen hunger and malnutrition around the world.  He served as U.S. Ambassador to Cambodia from 1996 to 1999.  Readers may write him at: KQuinn@worldfoodprize.org.
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;Visit www.worldfoodprize.org for additional information about the World Food Prize, Dr. Norman Borlaug, the Borlaug Dialogue and more. 
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;Ficture of the Author | Amb. Kenneth M. Quinn, PhD
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/SrQ_rNLD0FI/AAAAAAAAFWQ/FieefhCCIFI/s1600-h/TG1.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 93px; height: 109px;" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/SrQ_rNLD0FI/AAAAAAAAFWQ/FieefhCCIFI/s400/TG1.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5382997466117558354" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;FOOD CROPS
www.foodcrops.blogspot.com&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/4930984968650892465-3986387693427075616?l=foodcrops.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/FoodCrops/~4/t6oypquPrHs" height="1" width="1"/&gt;</description><app:edited xmlns:app="http://www.w3.org/2007/app">2009-09-19T10:26:53.654+07:00</app:edited><media:thumbnail url="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/SrQdC6NmG9I/AAAAAAAAFVA/cXatlh3T310/s72-c/NB+1.jpg" height="72" width="72" /><thr:total xmlns:thr="http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0">2</thr:total><feedburner:origLink>http://foodcrops.blogspot.com/2009/09/nho-norman-borlaug.html</feedburner:origLink></item><item><title>Giống ngô nếp lai đơn Wax 44</title><link>http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/FoodCrops/~3/KBnW72Hhjtg/giong-ngo-nep-lai-on-wax-44.html</link><category>Giống ngô nếp lai đơn Wax 44</category><author>hoangkim_vietnam@yahoo.com (hoangkimvietnam and hoanglong)</author><pubDate>Mon, 07 Sep 2009 18:59:01 PDT</pubDate><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4930984968650892465.post-4832967032156933806</guid><description>&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://foodcrops.blogspot.com"&gt;FOODCROPS&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;. &lt;span style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Giống ngô nếp lai đơn Wax 44 có diện tích trồng ngày càng tăng do đem lại hiệu quả kinh tế cao cho người nông dân trồng ngô. Giống được công nhận chính thức từ năm 2006 và được bảo hộ bản quyền của Cty TNHH Sygenta Việt Nam. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Hiện nay Wax 44 phát triển tập trung thành vùng hàng hóa ở các huyện ngoại thành Hà Nội như Đông Anh, Mê Linh, Gia Lâm, Sóc Sơn, Quốc Oai, Hoài Đức và một số địa phương như: Vĩnh Tường – Vĩnh Phúc, Thái Nguyên, Hưng Yên, Hải Dương, Ninh Bình, Tuyên Quang, Yên Bái… cơ bản thay thế các giống ngô nếp địa phương hiệu quả kinh tế thấp. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Với ưu thế vượt trội về thời gian sinh trưởng ngắn, độ đồng đều cao, khả năng chống chịu điều kiện thời tiết bất thuận và sâu bệnh tốt, từ đầu năm 2009 đến tháng 8/2009 tổng diện tích Wax 44 phục vụ thị trường miền Bắc đã lên đến 3.000ha. Dự kiến trong vụ đông năm 2009, Cty Syngenta Việt Nam tiếp tục triển khai mô hình và cung ứng giống phục vụ sản xuất tại các tỉnh như: Hà Nội, Hải Dương, Tuyên Quang, Ninh Bình, Hưng Yên, Vĩnh Phúc…&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Tại Hưng Yên, từ vụ thu đông năm 2006, Sở NN - PTNT phối hợp với Cty Syngenta thực hiện mô hình trình diễn giống ngô nếp lai Wax 44, diện tích 3 sào, theo đó công ty hỗ trợ tiền giống, thuốc bảo vệ thực vật; xã hỗ trợ mỗi sào 100.000 đ để nông dân mua phân bón chăm sóc kịp thời cho ngô, cán bộ phòng Trồng trọt của Sở phối hợp với cán bộ kỹ thuật của công ty thường xuyên theo dõi, chỉ đạo nông dân chăm sóc và phòng trừ sâu bệnh cho ngô kịp thời.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Kết quả cho thấy giống ngô nếp lai đơn Wax 44 có thời gian sinh trưởng ngắn, trong vụ hè thu từ trồng đến thu hoạch 60 - 62 ngày, nếu không gặp mưa bão, rét sớm thì thời gian sinh trưởng có thể ngắn hơn, khả năng chịu úng, phục hồi sau ngập úng tốt, nhiều khu ruộng trồng ngô do mưa bão bị ngập 4-5 ngày nhưng ngô hồi phục rất nhanh.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Giống ngô nếp lai đơn Wax 44 có độ đồng đều rất cao, tỷ lệ đậu bắp 100%, không có hiện tượng ngô không có bắp hoặc bắp không hạt, tỉ lệ bắp loại 1 chiếm trên 95%, hạt đóng phủ cùi, không có hiện tượng đuôi chuột, chất lượng tốt được thị trường ưa chuộng. Theo chị Nguyễn Thị Hiền - người trực tiếp trồng ngô cho biết tuy mới trồng lần đầu nhưng khi đem ra chợ bán nhìn màu sắc và dạng hình bắp người tiêu dùng rất ưa chuộng với giá bán lẻ 5.000đ/kg bắp, trung bình 4 bắp/kg, mỗi sào thu được 1.700 - 1.800bắp, cho thu khoảng 2.000.000đ, thực lãi khoảng 1.500.000đ - 1.700.000đ (chỉ sau 60 ngày gieo trồng), ngoài ra khi thu hoạch bắp thân lá vẫn còn xanh, nông dân bán thân ngô làm thức ăn cho trâu bò, mỗi sào được 100.000 - 120.000đ, so với một số hộ trồng ngô nếp địa phương, ngô nếp VN2, thì trồng ngô nếp lai Wax44 cho hiệu quả kinh tế hơn hẳn.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Từ kết quả trên, Sở NN - PTNT Hưng Yên đã tham mưu với UBND tỉnh hỗ trợ giống ngô nếp Wax44, với mức hỗ trợ 700.000đ/ha, tổng diện tích hỗ trợ 50 ha, huyện trồng nhiều nhất là Ân Thi, toàn huyện hỗ trồng được gần 15 ha, trong đó xã Văn Nhuệ trồng nhiều nhất với diện tích gần 11 ha, mặc dù nông dân trồng trong điều kiện vụ đông gặp rét đầu vụ nhưng giống ngô Wax 44 sinh trưởng phát triển tốt do khả năng chịu rét rất tốt của giống. Theo đánh giá của cán bộ kỹ thuật Cty Syngenta, mặc dù đây là vụ trồng đầu tiên nhưng nông dân Ân Thi trồng đúng mật độ, chăm sóc đầy đủ nên ngô Wax 44 cho bắp to, đẫy hạt, tỉ lệ bắp loại 1 đạt 100%.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Bác Nguyễn Thị Tuyết - nông dân trực tiếp trồng ngô Wax 44, đồng thời trồng cả giống ngô VN2, cho biết giống ngô Wax 44 trồng và chăm sóc dễ hơn giống VN2, cây sinh trưởng và phát triển đồng đều hơn, không có hiện tượng cây thấp cây cao, hay cây trỗ trước, cây trỗ sau, bắp rất to, bộ lá bền hơn, thời gian trỗ cờ, phun râu tập trung hơn, thời gian sinh trưởng ngắn hơn (gieo muộn hơn giống ngô VN2 từ 4 - 5 ngày nhưng vẫn trỗ cờ trước), năm tới gia đình tiếp tục trồng giống ngô này.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Thời điểm đó giá ngô nếp trên thị trường bán giá bình quân 700 - 800đ/bắp, riêng ngô Wax 44, được nhiều tư thương đến hỏi mua với giá 1.000 - 1.200đ/bắp, như vậy một sào ngô nếu thu hoạch bắp non bán được 1.700.000 - 2.000.000đ/sào.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Đến năm 2009 diện tích trồng ngô Wax 44 ở Hưng Yên tăng lên rất nhiều, ước đạt 350 – 400 ha, chiếm hơn nửa diện tích trồng ngô nếp của toàn tỉnh, một số địa phương trồng thuần được 4-5 vụ/năm, như Vũ Xã, Chính Nghĩa - Kim Động, Hàm Tử - Khoái Châu…, cho hiệu quả kinh tế cao, tổng thu 8 – 10 triệu đồng/sào/năm. Nông dân đưa ngô Wax 44 vào vụ đông trên đất hai lúa đã tạo thêm một số công thức luân canh nhằm giảm sự lây lan sâu bệnh đồng thời cho hiệu quả kinh tế cao. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ông Trương Quang Anh, phụ trách thị trường miền Bắc của Cty Syngenta cho biết, diện tích trồng ngô nếp Wax 44 ngày càng mở rộng về quy mô cũng như địa bàn, là do giống có những đặc tính có lợi cho người trồng ngô, thời gian sinh trưởng ngắn, khả năng chống chịu sâu bệnh và điều kiện bất thuận tốt, khả năng hồi phục sau ngập úng rất nhanh, ít bị khô vằn, thối thân, cháy lá, gỉ sắt và các đối tượng sâu, bệnh khác gây hại, số lượng hạt trên bắp rất nhiều, chúng ta có thể nhận biết điều đó qua râu ngô, số lượng râu phun rất nhiều, đồng thời số lượng hạt bao phấn/bông cờ cũng rất nhiều điều đó có nghĩa đảm bảo cho sự thụ phấn thụ tinh của ngô tốt hơn, vì vậy hạt đẫy bắp và hầu như không có bắp bị khuyết hạt, điều này ít thấy ở một số giống ngô nếp khác; tỉ lệ nảy mầm cao, sinh trưởng khoẻ, trồng thưa như ngô tẻ nên cây rất đồng đều vì vậy tỉ lệ bắp loại 1 rất cao trên 90% và tuỳ thuộc vào tình hình sinh trưởng phát triển của ngô và điều kiện chăm sóc, có thể thu được 2 bắp/cây, hoặc có thể loại bỏ bắp dưới làm ngô rau để cây tập trung dinh dưỡng nuôi bắp còn lại. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Nhược điểm của giống ngô Wax 44 là nếu thu già thì ăn hơi rắn, vì thế muốn để chất lượng được tốt, đáp ứng yêu cầu của người tiêu dùng, nông dân cần chú ý thu hoạch khi râu ngô chuyển sang thâm râu nhưng râu vẫn còn tươi, hoặc tuỳ thuộc vào điều kiện thời tiết, mùa vụ để tiến hành thu hoạch khi ngô phun râu được 16 – 20 ngày, thu hoạch vào đúng thời điểm thích hợp sẽ nâng cao được chất lượng của giống ngô Wax 44, nâng cao được giá trị trên đơn vị canh tác.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Theo Bao Nong Nghiep Viet Nam &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://agriviet.com"&gt;http://agriviet.com&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;FOOD CROPS
www.foodcrops.blogspot.com&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/4930984968650892465-4832967032156933806?l=foodcrops.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/FoodCrops/~4/KBnW72Hhjtg" height="1" width="1"/&gt;</description><app:edited xmlns:app="http://www.w3.org/2007/app">2009-09-08T08:59:01.686+07:00</app:edited><thr:total xmlns:thr="http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0">0</thr:total><feedburner:origLink>http://foodcrops.blogspot.com/2009/09/giong-ngo-nep-lai-on-wax-44.html</feedburner:origLink></item><item><title>Trung tâm Quốc gia Nghiên cứu Nguồn Gen Cây trồng</title><link>http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/FoodCrops/~3/9L-swFX-9R4/national-center-of-plant-gene-research.html</link><category>Trung tâm Quốc gia Nghiên cứu Nguồn Gen Cây trồng</category><author>hoangkim_vietnam@yahoo.com (hoangkimvietnam and hoanglong)</author><pubDate>Sun, 16 Aug 2009 05:05:06 PDT</pubDate><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4930984968650892465.post-6146982486406954035</guid><description>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/SoZL_4JqUbI/AAAAAAAADkc/B9ndl3Z8XAU/s1600-h/Qifa+Zhang+2.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 204px;" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/SoZL_4JqUbI/AAAAAAAADkc/B9ndl3Z8XAU/s400/Qifa+Zhang+2.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5370063166462644658" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://foodcrops.blogspot.com"&gt;FOOD CROPS&lt;/a&gt;. Trung tâm Quốc gia Nghiên cứu Nguồn Gen Cây trồng (National Center of Plant Gene Research - NCPGR) Vũ Hán, Trung Quốc, được thành lập năm 2005 thuộc Trường  Đại học Nông nghiệp Hoa Trung, thành phố Vũ Hán, tỉnh Hồ Bắc. Đây là tổ chức nghiên cứu phi lợi nhuận có hướng nghiên cứu chính là cấu trúc, chức năng và so sánh các phân tích của genomes, gene và sản phẩm các  loại cây trồng lúa gạo, bông, khoai tây và cải dầu.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Trung tâm được lãnh đạo bởi  Giáo sư Tiến sĩ Qifa Zhang, nhà di truyền  và sinh học phân tử hàng đầu của Trung Quốc. Ông hiện là giáo sư của Trường Đại học Nông nghiệp Hoa Trung, Giám đốc Học viện Khoa học Sự sống và Công nghệ kiêm Giám đốc Phòng Thí nghiệm Trọng điểm Quốc gia Cải thiện Nguồn gen Cây trồng. Ông được bầu làm  Viện sĩ Viện Hàn lâm Khoa học Trung Quốc năm 1999 và Viện sĩ Viện Hàn lâm Khoa học Thế giới Thứ Ba năm 2000. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Trung tâm Quóc gia Nghiên cứu Nguồn Gen Cây trồng  nằm gần với  Phòng Thí nghiệm Trọng điểm Quốc gia Cải thiện Nguồn Gen Cây trồng. Trường Đại học Vũ Hán, Trường Đại học Khoa học và Công nghệ Hoa Trung, Trường Đại học Sư phạm Hoa Trung và các viện nghiên cứu công nghệ sinh học cùng các công ty khác ở phía  Đông hồ nước của khu liên hợp công nghê cao thành phố Vũ Hán. Thông tin về NRPGR và GS.TS. Qifa Zhang ở chi tiết &lt;a href="http://www.ncpgr.cn"&gt;http://www.ncpgr.cn&lt;/a&gt;/ kèm theo.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;HL lược dịch&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;NATIONAL CENTER OF PLANT GENE REARCH (NRPGR) WUHAN&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;General Information&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Established in 2005, National Center of Plant Gene Research (NCPGR) is a noncommercial research organization whose primary research directions are structural, functional and comparative analysis of genomes and gene products from a wide variety of plants including rice, cotton, rapeseed and potato.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The Center is under the direction of Dr. Qifa Zhang who is plant geneticist and molecular biologist. He is currently working as professor in Huazhong Agricultural University, Dean of the College of Life Science and Technology, and Director of the National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement. He was elected to the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1999 and to the Third World Academy of Sciences in 2000.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;NCPGR's 7,000 square meters building is located in Huazhong Agricultural University in Wuhan, Hubei province. Its neighbors include the National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Wuhan University, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Huazhong Normal University, and other research institutes and biotechnology companies located within East-lake’s High-tech Developing City in Wuhan.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Bioinformatics Tools&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;BLAST(Regular BLAST, Mega BLAST, BLAST 2 sequences, BLAST HELP MANUAL) stands for Basic Local Alignment Search Tool and was developed by Altschul et al. (1990) and significantly improved by Altschul et al. (1997). It is a very fast search algorithm that is used separately for protein or DNA databases. and is best used for sequence searching, rather than for motif searching. REDB provides BLAST facility for the rice. To search other datasets and access further information on BLAST resources, help document and BLAST 2.0 Release, please refer to http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/BLAST/.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;VectorScreen is a tool for identifying segments of a nucleic acid sequence that may be of vector, which was developed to combat the problem of vector contamination in sequence databases. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Genome Browser is a Web-based application for displaying genomic annotations and other features. The reference annotation layer consists in the 12 rice pseudomolecules released by the TIGR (Version 5.0, January 24, 2007)&lt;br /&gt;Readseq is particularly useful as it automatically detects many sequence formats, and interconverts among them. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;ClustalW is a general purpose multiple alignment program for DNA or proteins. &lt;br /&gt;Primer3 Easy to design primers, developed by the Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;SSRSCAN Search for simple sequence repeats in FASTA-formatted DNA sequences &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;GENSCAN which offers complete gene prediction, in that it uses a number of different algorithms to predict introns, exons (leading, internal, and terminal), donor and acceptor splice sites, and polyadenylation sites. The highest scoring arrangement of these categories are then used to predict actual gene composition&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Map Viewer (Beta1) is a tool developed at REDB to view the markers in different maps&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Dr. Zhang Qifa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Dr. Zhang Qifa, born in Gong'an County, Hubei Province on December 19, 1953, is plant geneticist and molecular biologist. He graduated from Huazhong Agricultural College in 1976 and finished his Ph D in genetics in University of California at Davis, USA, in 1985. He is currently a professor of Huazhong Agricultural University, Dean of the College of Life Science and Technology, and Director of the National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;He systematically analyzed genetic diversity of world barley, which revealed a number of important characteristics of the distribution of genetic diversity, based on which he proposed independent origins of Oriental and Occidental cultivated barley. His group conducted extensive molecular studies of heterosis in rice, including demonstrating the relationship between molecular marker heterozygosity and heterosis, characterization of the genetic basis of heterosis, and made the proposition of epistasis as the genetic basis of heterosis. His group also constructed high-density molecular linkage map of rice and mapped over 20 important major genes and a large number of genes for agronomic traits. His group developed bacterial blight resistant restorer lines of hybrid rice by using molecular techniques, quality improved male sterile line, and transgenic rice with delayed senescence and improved yield potential.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;He was elected to the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1999, and to the Third World Academy of Sciences in 2000. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;RESEARCH INTERESTS  &lt;br /&gt;• Rice functional genomics &lt;br /&gt;• Rice biotechnology &lt;br /&gt;• Green Super Rice &lt;br /&gt;• Biological basis of heterosis &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A LIST OF PUBLICATION IN REFEREED JOURNALS &lt;br /&gt;BY QIFA ZHANG (Update at 2008-06-28)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;2008&lt;br /&gt;154. Xing Y, Tang W, Xue W, Xu C and Zhang Q (2008) Fine mapping of a major quantitative trait loci, qSSP7, controlling the number of spikelets per panicle as a single Mendelian factor in rice. Theor Appl Genet 116: 789-796.  &lt;br /&gt;153. Xue W, Xing Y, WengX, Zhao Y, Tang W, Wang L, Zhou H, Yu S, Xu C, Li X and Zhang Q (2008) Natural variation in Ghd7 is an important regulator of heading date and yield potential in rice. Nat Genet 40:761-767.  &lt;br /&gt;152. Nayidu NK, Wang L, Xie W, Zhang C, Fan C, Lian X, Zhang Q, Xiong L (2008) Comprehensive sequence and expression profile analysis of PEX11 gene family in rice. Gene 412:59-70  &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;2007&lt;br /&gt;151. Zhou J, Wang X, Jiao Y, Qin Y, Liu X, He K, Chen C, Ma L, Wang J, Xiong L, Zhang Q, Fan L, Deng W (2007) Global genome expression analysis of rice in response to drought and high-salinity stresses in shoot, flag leaf, and panicle. Plant Mol Biol 63: 591-608.  &lt;br /&gt;150. Zhang Q (2007) Strategies for developing Green Super Rice. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 104:16402-16409.  &lt;br /&gt;149. Wang L, Liu W, Xu Y, He Y, Luo L, Xing Y, Xu C, Zhang Q (2007) Genetic basis of 17 traits and viscosity parameters characterizing the eating and cooking quality of rice grain. Theor Appl Genet 115:463-476.  &lt;br /&gt;148. Hua H, Lu Q, Cai M, Xu C, Zhou DX, Li X, Zhang Q (2007) Analysis of rice genes induced by striped stemborer (Chilo suppressalis) attack identified a promoter fragment highly specifically responsive to insect feeding. Plant Mol Biol 65:519-630.  &lt;br /&gt;147. Dai M, Zhao Y, Ma Q, Hu Y, Peter Hedden, Zhang Q, Zhou D (2007) The Rice YAB1 Gene Is Involved in the Feedback Regulation of Gibberellin Metabolism. Plant Physiology Preview 144:121-133  &lt;br /&gt;146. Han B, Xue Y, Li J, Deng XW, Zhang Q (2007) Rice functional genomics research in China. Phil Trans R Soc B 362:1009-1021  &lt;br /&gt;145. Yu JS, Fan YR, Liu N, Shan Y, Li XH, Zhang Q (2007) Rapid genome evolution in the Pms1 region of rice revealed by comparative sequence analysis. Chinese Sci Bull 52:912-921.  &lt;br /&gt;144. Zhang J, Guo D, Chang Y, You C, Li X, Dai X, Weng Q, Zhang J, Chen G, Li X, Liu H, Han B, Zhang Q, Wu C (2007) Non-random distribution of T-DNA insertions at various levels of the genome hierarchy as revealed by analyzing 13 804 T-DNA flanking sequences from an enhancer-trap mutant library. Plant J 49:947-959.  &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;2006&lt;br /&gt;143. Chu Z, Fu B, Yang H, Xu C, Li Z, A. Sanchez, Y. J. Park, J. L. Bennetzen, Zhang Q and Wang S (2006) Targeting xa13, a recessive gene for bacterial blight resistance in rice. Theor Appl Genet 112: 455-461.  &lt;br /&gt;142. Zhang Y, Luo L, Xu C, Zhang Q, Xing Y (2006) Quantitative trait loci for panicle size, heading date and plant height co-segregating in trait-performance derived near-isogenic lines of rice (Oryza sativa). Theor Appl Genet 113:361-368.  &lt;br /&gt;141. Huang Y, Li L, Chen Y, Li X, Xu C, Wang S, Zhang Q (2006) Comparative analysis of gene expression at early seedling stage between a rice hybrid and its parents using a cDNA microarray of 9198 uni-sequences. Sci China Ser C 49:519-529.  &lt;br /&gt;140. Huang Y, Zhang L, Zhang J, Yuan D, Xu C, Li X, Zhou D, Wang S, Zhang Q (2006) Heterosis and polymorphisms of gene expression in an elite rice hybrid as revealed by a microarray analysis of 9198 unique ESTs. Plant Mol Biol 62:579-591.  &lt;br /&gt;139. Hu H, Dai M, Yao J, Xiao B, Li X, Zhang Q, Xiong L (2006) Overexpressing a NAM, ATAF, and CUC (NAC) transcription factor enhances drought resistance and salt tolerance in rice. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 103:12987-12992.  &lt;br /&gt;138. Yan X, Wu P, Ling H, Xu G, Xu F, Zhang Q (2006) Plant nutriomics in China — An overview. Ann Bot 98:473-482. (invited review)  &lt;br /&gt;137. Liang D, Wu C, Li C, Xu C, Zhang J, Kilian A, Li X, Zhang Q, Xiong L (2006) Establishment of a patterned GAL4-VP16 transactivation system for discovering gene function in rice. Plant J 46:1059-1072  &lt;br /&gt;136. Chu Z, Yuan M, Yao J, Ge X, Yuan B, Xu C, Li X, Fu B, Li Z, Bennetzen JL, Zhang Q, Wang S (2006) Promoter mutations of an essential gene for pollen development result in disease resistance in rice. Gene Dev 20:1250-1255.  &lt;br /&gt;135. Tang W, Chen H, Xu C, Li X, Lin Y, Zhang Q (2006) Development of insect resistant transgenic indica rice with a synthetic Cry1C* gene. Mol Breed 18:1-10.  &lt;br /&gt;134. Lian X, Wang S, Zhang J, Feng Q, Zhang L, Fan D, Li X, Yuan D, Han B, Zhang Q (2006) Expression profiles of 10,422 genes at early stage of low nitrogen stress in rice assayed using a cDNA microarray. Plant Mol Biol 60:617-631.  &lt;br /&gt;133. Yue B, Xue W, Xiong L, Yu X, Luo L, Cui K, Jin D, Xing Y, Zhang Q (2006) Genetic basis of drought resistance at reproductive stage in rice: separation of drought tolerance from drought avoidance. Genetics 172:1213-1228.  &lt;br /&gt;132. Fan C, Xing Y, Mao H, Lu T, Han B, Xu C, Zhang Q (2006) GS3, a major QTL for grain length and weight and minor QTL for grain width and thickness in rice, encodes a putative transmembrane protein. Theor Appl Genet 112:1161-1171.  &lt;br /&gt;131. Wang GW, He YQ, Xu CG, Zhang Q (2006) Fine mapping of f5-Du, a gene conferring wide-compatibility for pollen fertility in inter-subspecific hybrids of rice (Oryza sativa L.). Theor Appl Genet 112:382-387. &lt;br /&gt;130. Zhang J, Li C, Wu C, Xiong L, Chen G, Zhang Q, Wang S (2006) RMD: a rice mutant database for functional analysis of the rice genome. Nucleic Acids Res 34:D745–D748.  &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;2005&lt;br /&gt;129. Lian, X., Y. Xing, H. Yan, C. Xu, X. Li and Q. Zhang. (2005). QTLs for low nitrogen tolerance at seedling stage identified using a recombinant inbred line population derived from an elite rice hybrid. Theor Appl Genet 112:85-96. &lt;br /&gt;128. Chen, H., W. Tang, C.G. Xu, X.H. Li, Y.J. Lin and Q. Zhang. (2005). Transgenic indica rice plants harboring a synthetic cry2A* gene of Bacillus thuringiensis exhibit enhanced resistance against lepidopteran rice pests. Theor. Appl. Genet. 111: 1330-1337. &lt;br /&gt;127. Qiu, S. Q., K. Liu, J. X. Jiang, X. Song, C. G. Xu, X. H. Li and Q. Zhang. (2005). Delimitation of the rice wide compatibility gene S5n to a 40-kb DNA fragment. Theor Appl Genet 111:1080-1086.  &lt;br /&gt;126. Lu, Q., X.H. Li, D. Guo, C.G. Xu and Q. Zhang. (2005). Localization of pms3, a gene for photoperiod-sensitive genic male sterility, to a 28.4-kb DNA fragment. Mol. Gen. Genomics 273: 507-511. &lt;br /&gt;125. Xu, Y., S.R. McCouch and Q. Zhang. (2005). How can we use genomics to improve cereals with rice as a reference genome? Plant Mol Biol 59:7-26. &lt;br /&gt;124. Wang, G.W., Y.Q. He, C.G. Xu and Q. Zhang. (2005). Identification and confirmation of three neutral alleles conferring wide-compatibility in inter-subspecific hybrids of rice (Oryza sativa L.) using near isogenic lines. Theor Appl Genet 111:702-710. &lt;br /&gt;123. Fan, C. C., X. Q. Yu, Y. Z. Xing, C. G. Xu, L. J. Luo and Q. Zhang. (2005). The main effects, epistatic effects and environmental interactions of QTLs on the cooking and eating quality of rice in a doubled-haploid line population. Theor Appl Genet 110: 1445-1452. &lt;br /&gt;122. Zhang, J, Q. Feng, C. Jin, D. Qiu, L. Zhang, K. Xie, D. Yuan, B. Han, Q. Zhang and S Wang. (2005). Features of the expressed sequences revealed by a large-scale analysis of ESTs from a normalized cDNA library of the elite indica rice cultivar Minghui 63. Plant J. 42:772-780. &lt;br /&gt;121. Song, X, S. Q. Qiu, C. G. Xu, X. H. Li and Q. Zhang. (2005). Genetic dissection of embryo-sac fertility, pollen fertility and their contributions to spikelet fertility of inter-subspecific hybrids in rice. Theor Appl Genet 110:205-211. &lt;br /&gt;120. Lin Y. J. and Q. Zhang. (2005). Optimizing the tissue culture conditions for high efficiency transformation of indica rice. Plant Cell Rep.23:540-547. &lt;br /&gt;119. Xie, K., J. Zhang, Y. Xiang, Q. Feng, B. Han, Z. Chu, S. Wang, Q. Zhang and L. Xiong. (2005). Isolation and annotation of 10,828 putative full length cDNAs from indica rice. Science in China (ser C) 35:6-12.  &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;2004&lt;br /&gt;118. Jiang, G. H., C. G. Xu, J. M. Tu, X. H. Li, Y. Q. He and Q. Zhang. (2004). Pyramiding of insect- and disease-resistance genes into an elite indica, cytoplasm male sterile restorer line of rice, ‘Minghui 63’ Plant Breeding 123:112-116. &lt;br /&gt;117. Hirochika, H, E. Guiderdoni, G. An, Y. Hsing, M. Y Eun, C. Han, N. Upadhyaya, S. Ramachandran, Q. Zhang, A. Pereira, V. Sundaresan and H. Leung. (2004). Rice mutant resources for gene discovery. Plant Mol Biol 54:325-334. &lt;br /&gt;116. Liu, H. Y., C. G. Xu and Q. Zhang. (2004). Male and female gamete abortions, and reduced affinity between the uniting gametes as the causes for sterility in an indica/japonica hybrid in rice. Sex. Plant Reprod. 17:55-62. &lt;br /&gt;115. Jiang, G. H., Y. Q. He, C. G. Xu, X. H. Li and Q. Zhang. (2004). The genetic basis of stay-green in rice analyzed in a population of doubled haploid lines derived from an indica by japonica cross. Theor Appl Genet 108:688-698. &lt;br /&gt;114. Li, X., C. Xu and Q. Zhang. (2004). Ribosomal DNA spacer-length polymorphisms in three samples of wild and cultivated barley. Plant Breeding 123:30-34. &lt;br /&gt;113. Sun, X., Y. Cao, Z. Yang, C. Xu, X. Li, S. Wang and Q. Zhang. (2004). Xa26, a gene conferring resistance to Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae in rice, encodes a LRR receptor kinase-like protein. Plant Journal 37:517-527. &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;2003&lt;br /&gt;112. Tu, J., K. Datta, N. Oliva, G. Zhang, C. Xu, G. S. Khush, Q. Zhang and S. K. Datta (2003). Site-independently integrated transgenes in the elite restorer rice line Minghui 63 allow removal of a selectable marker from the gene of interest by self-segregation. Plant Biotechnology Journal 1:155-165. &lt;br /&gt;111. Wu, C., X. J. Li, W.Y. Yuan, G. X. Chen, A. Kilian, J. Li, C. Xu, X. H. Li, D.-X. Zhou, S. Wang and Q. Zhang. (2003). Development of enhancer trap lines for functional analysis of the rice genome. Plant J. 35:418-427. &lt;br /&gt;110. Yang, Z., X. Sun, S. Wang and Q. Zhang. (2003). Genetic and physical mapping of a new gene for bacterial blight resistance in rice. Theor. Appl. Genet. 106:1467–1472. &lt;br /&gt;109. Guan, J.-C., X.-H. Li, Q.-F. Zhang, G. Kochert and C.-Y. Lin. (2003). Characterization of a unique genomic clone located 5’upstream of the Oshsp16.9Bgene on chromosome 1 in rice (Oryza sativa L. cv Tainung No. 67). Theor Appl Genet 106:503-511. &lt;br /&gt;108. Sun, X., Z. Yang, S. Wang and Q. Zhang. (2003). Identification of a 47-kb DNA fragment containing Xa4, a locus for bacterial blight resistance in rice. Theor Appl Genet 106:683-687. &lt;br /&gt;107. Hua, J., Y. Xing, W. Wu, C. Xu, X. Sun, S. Yu and Q. Zhang (2003). Single-locus heterotic effects and dominance by dominance interactions can adequately explain the genetic basis of heterosis in an elite rice hybrid. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 100:2574-2579. &lt;br /&gt;106. Chen, H., S. Wang, Y. Xing, C. Xu, P. M. Hayes, and Q. Zhang. (2003). Comparative analyses of genomic locations and race specificities of loci for quantitative resistance to Pyricularia grisea in rice and barley. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 100:2544-2549. &lt;br /&gt;105. Cui, K. H., S. B. Peng, Y. Z. Xing, C. G. Xu, S. B. Yu and Q. Zhang. (2003). Molecular dissection of the genetic relationships of source, sink and transport tissue with yield traits in rice. Theor Appl Genet 106:649-658. &lt;br /&gt;104. Zhou, P. H., Y. F. Tan, Y. Q. He, C. G. Xu and Q. Zhang. (2003). Simultaneous improvement for four quality traits of Zhenshan 97, an elite parent of hybrid rice, by molecular marker-assisted selection. Theor. Appl. Genet. 106:326-331. &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;2002&lt;br /&gt;103. McCouch S. R., L. Teytelman, Y. Xu, K. B. Lobos, K. Clare, M. Walton, B. Fu, R. Maghirang, Z. Li, Y. Xing, Q. Zhang, I. Kono, M. Yano, R. Fjellstrom, G. DeClerck, D. Schneider, S. Cartinhour, D. Ware and L. Stein (2002). Development and mapping of 2240 new SSR markers for rice (Oryza sativa L.). DNA Res 9:199-207. &lt;br /&gt;102. Hua, J. P., Y. Z. Xing, C. G. Xu, X. L. Sun, S. B. Yu and Q. Zhang. (2002). Genetic dissection of an elite rice hybrid revealed that heterozygotes are not always advantageous for performance. Genetics 162:1885-1895. &lt;br /&gt;101. Cui, K. H., S. B. Peng, Y. Z. Xing, C. G. Xu, S. B. Yu and Q. Zhang. (2002). Molecular dissection of seedling vigor and associated physiological traits in rice. Theor Appl Genet 105:745-753. &lt;br /&gt;100. Li, R., Z. Zhang and Q. Zhang. (2002). Transformation of japonica rice with RHL gene and salt tolerance of the transgenic rice plant. Chinese Science Bulletin 47:998-1002.&lt;br /&gt;99. Xiong, M., S. Wang and Q. Zhang. (2002). Coincidence in map positions between pathogen-induced defense-responsive genes and quantitative resistance loci in rice. Science in China 45:518-526. &lt;br /&gt;98. Zhou, B., K. Peng, Z. Chu, S. Wang and Q. Zhang. (2002). The defense responsive genes showing enhanced and repressed expression after pathogen infection in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Science in China 45:449-467. &lt;br /&gt;97. 韩月澎， 邢永忠， 陈宗祥， 顾世梁， 潘学彪， 陈秀兰， 张启发.杂交水稻亲本明恢63对纹枯病水平抗性的QTL定位. 遗传学报，(2002)，29：622－626&lt;br /&gt;     Han, Y. P., Y. Z. Xing, Z. X. Chen, S. L. Gu, X. B. Pan, X. L. Chen and Q. Zhang. (2002). Mapping QTLs for horizontal resistance to sheath blight in an elite rice restorer line, Minghui 63. Acta Genetica Sinica 29:622-626.&lt;br /&gt;96. Xing, Y. Z., Y. F. Tan, J. P. Hua, X. L. Sun, C. G. Xu and Q. Zhang. (2002). Characterization of the main effects, epistatic effects and their environmental interactions of QTLs in the genetic basis of yield traits in rice. Theor Appl Genet 105:248-257 . &lt;br /&gt;95. Chen, H. L., S. Wang, and Q. Zhang. (2002). New gene for bacterial blight resistance in rice located on chromosome 12 identified from Minghui 63, an elite restorer line. Phytopathology 92:750-754. &lt;br /&gt;94. Yu, S. B., J. X. Li, C. G. Xu, Y. F. Tan, X. H. Li and Q. Zhang. (2002). Identification of quantitative trait loci and epistatic interactions for plant height and heading date in rice. Theor Appl Genet 104:619-625. &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;2001&lt;br /&gt;93. Tan, Y. F., M. Sun, Y. Z. Xing, J. P. Hua, X. L. Sun, Q. F. Zhang and H. Corke. (2001). Mapping quantitative trait loci for milling quality, protein content and color characteristics of rice using a recombinant inbred line population derived from an elite rice hybrid. Theor Appl Genet 103:1037-1045. &lt;br /&gt;92. Liu, N., Y. Shan, F. P. Wang, C. G. Xu, K. M. Peng, X. H. Li and Q. Zhang. (2001) Identification of an 85 kb DNA fragment containing pms1, a locus for photoperiod-sensitive genic male sterility in rice. Mol Genet Genomics 266:271-275.  &lt;br /&gt;91. Chen, H. L., B. T. Chen, D. P Zhang, Y. F. Xie and Q. Zhang. (2001). Pathotypes of Pyricularia grisea in rice fields of central and southern China. Plant Disease 85:843-850. &lt;br /&gt;90. Li, X., Q. Lu, F. Wang, C. Xu and Q. Zhang. (2001). Separation of the two-locus inheritance of photoperiod sensitive genic male sterility in rice and precise mapping the pms3 locus. Euphytica 119:343-348 &lt;br /&gt;89. Tan, Y. F. and Q. Zhang. (2001). Correlation of SSR variants in the leader sequence of the Waxy gene with amylose content of the grain in rice. Acta Bot. Sin. 43:146-150.&lt;br /&gt;88. Chen, S., C. G. Xu, X. H. Lin and Q. Zhang. (2001). Improving bacterial blight resistance of ‘6078’, an elite restorer line of hybrid rice, by molecular marker-assisted selection. Plant Breeding 120:133-137. &lt;br /&gt;87. Huang, Z., G. He, L. Shu, X. Li, Q. Zhang. (2001). Identification and mapping of two brown planthopper resistance genes in rice. Theor Appl Genet 102:929-934. &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;2000&lt;br /&gt;86. Wang, S., K. Liu, and Q. Zhang. (2000). Segmental duplications are common in the rice (Oryza sativa L.) genome. Acta Bot. Sin. 42:1150-1155.&lt;br /&gt;85. Tu, J., G. Zhang, K. Datta, C. Xu, Y. He, Q. Zhang, G. S. Khush and S. K. Datta. (2000). Field performance of transgenic elite commercial hybrid rice expressing Bacillus thuringiensis -endotoxin. Nature Biotechnology 18:1101-1104. &lt;br /&gt;84. Tan, Y. F., Y. Z. Xing, J. X. Li, S. B. Yu, C. G. Xu and Q. Zhang. (2000). Genetic bases of appearance quality of rice grains in Shanyou 63, an elite rice hybrid. Theor Appl Genet 101:823-829 &lt;br /&gt;83. Chen, S. and Q. Zhang. (2000). Molecular marker-assisted selection for improving bacterial blight resistance of hybrid rice. Scientific Agriculture (Taiwan) 48:111-119.&lt;br /&gt;82. Tu, J., K. Datta, G. S. Khush, Q. Zhang and S. K. Datta. (2000). Field performance of Xa21 transgenic indica rice (Oryza sativa L.), IR72. Theor Appl Genet 101:15-20. &lt;br /&gt;81. Li, J. X., S. B. Yu, C. G. Xu, Y. F. Tan, Y. J. Gao, X. H. Li and Q. Zhang. (2000). Analyzing quantitative trait loci for yield using a vegetatively replicated F2 population from a cross between the parents of an elite rice hybrid. Theor Appl Genet 101:248-254. &lt;br /&gt;80. Chen, S. and Q. Zhang. (2000). Improvement of bacterial blight resistance of hybrid rice by molecular marker-assisted selection. J. Huazhong Agric. Univ. 19:183-189.&lt;br /&gt;79. Chen, S., X. H. Lin, C. G. Xu and Q. Zhang. (2000). Improvement of bacterial blight resistance of 'Minghui 63’, an elite restorer line of hybrid rice, by molecular marker-assisted selection. Crop Science 239-244. &lt;br /&gt;78. Wang, S., J. Wang, J. Jiang and Q. Zhang. (2000). Mapping of centromeric regions on the molecular linkage map of rice (Oryza sativa L.) using centromere-associated sequences. Mol Gen Genet 263:165-172.  &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;1999&lt;br /&gt;77. Mei, M., L. Chen, Z. H. Zhang, Z. Y. Li, C. G. Xu and Q. Zhang. (1999). pms3 is the locus causing the original photoperiod-sensitive male sterility mutation of ‘Nongken 58S’. Science in China (series C) 42:316-322.&lt;br /&gt;76. Mei, M. X. Dai, C. G. Xu and Q. Zhang. (1999). Mapping and genetic analysis of the genes for photoperiod-sensitive male sterility in rice using the original mutant Nongken 58S. Crop Science 19:1711-1715. &lt;br /&gt;75. He, Y. Q. J. Yang, C. G. Xu, Z. Zhang and Q. Zhang. (1999). Genetic bases of instability of male sterility and fertility reversibility in photoperiod-sensitive genic male sterile rice. Theor Appl Genet 99:683-693. &lt;br /&gt;74. Tan, Y. F., J. X. Li, S. B. Yu, Y. Z. Xing, C. G. Xu and Q. Zhang. (1999). The three important traits for cooking and eating quality of rice grains are controlled by a single locus in an elite rice hybrid, Shanyou 63. Theor Appl Genet 99:642-648. &lt;br /&gt;73. Wang, S., N. Liu, K. Peng and Q. Zhang. (1999). The distribution and copy number of copia-like retrotransposons in rice (Oryza sativa L.) and their implications in the organization and evolution of the rice genome. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 96:6824-6828. &lt;br /&gt;72. Zhao, M. F., X. H. Li, J. B. Yang, C. G. Xu, R. Y. Hu, D. J. Liu and Q. Zhang. (1999). Relationship between molecular marker heterozygosity and hybrid performance in intra- and inter-subspecific crosses of rice. Plant Breeding 118:139-144. &lt;br /&gt;71. Peng, K. and Q. Zhang. (1999). A cosmid library constructed to the elite rice cultivar “Minghui 63” Acta Bot. Sin. 41:337-339.&lt;br /&gt;70. Xiong, L. Z., C. G. Xu, M. A. Saghai Maroof, Q. Zhang. (1999). Patterns of cytosine methylation in an elite rice hybrid and its parental lines detected by a methylation-sensitive amplification polymorphism technique. Mol Gen Genet 261: 439-446. &lt;br /&gt;69. Xiong, L. Z., K. D. Liu, X. K. Dai, C. G. Xu and Q. Zhang. (1999). Identification of genetic factors controlling domestication-related traits of rice using an F2 population of a cross between Oryza sativa and O. rufipogon. Theor Appl Genet 98:243-251. &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;1998&lt;br /&gt;68. Zhu, S., Q. Zhang and M. Wang. (1998). Ribosomal DNA polymorphisms of the common wild rice from China. Acta Genetica Sinica 25:531-537.&lt;br /&gt;67. Peng, K. M., H. B. Zhang and Q. Zhang. (1998). A BAC library constructed to the rice cultivar “Minghui 63” for cloning genes of agronomic importance. Acta Bot. Sin. 40:1108-1114.&lt;br /&gt;66. Tu, J., I. Ona, Q. Zhang, T. W. Mew, G. S. Khush and S. K. Datta. (1998). Transgenic rice variety ‘IR72’ with Xa21 is resistant to bacterial blight. Theor Appl Genet 97:31-36. &lt;br /&gt;65. Wang, J., K. D. Liu, C. G. Xu, X. H. Li and Q. Zhang. (1998). The high level of wide-compatibility of ‘Dular’ has a complex genetic basis. Theor Appl Genet 97:407-412. &lt;br /&gt;64. 熊立仲， 王石平， 刘克德， 戴先凯， Saghai Maroof MA， 胡锦国，张启发.微卫星DNA和AFLP标记在水稻分子标记连锁图上的分布. 植物学报，(1998)， 40：605－614&lt;br /&gt;     Xiong, L., S. Wang, K. Liu, X. Dai, M. A. Saghai Maroof, J. Hu and Q. Zhang. (1998). Distribution of simple sequence repeat and AFLP markers in molecular linkage map of rice. Acta Bot. Sin. 40:605-614.&lt;br /&gt;63. 王石平，张启发. 高等植物基因组中的反转录转座子. 植物学报， (1998)，40：291－297&lt;br /&gt;     Wang, S. and Q. Zhang. (1998). Retrotransposons in the genomes of higher plants. Acta Bot. Sin. 40:291-297.&lt;br /&gt;62. Yu, S. B., J. X. Li, C. G. Xu, Y. F. Tan, Y. J. Gao, X. H. Li, Q. Zhang and M. A. Saghai Maroof. (1998). Epistasis plays an important role as the genetic basis of heterosis in rice. Science in China (Ser. C) 41:293-302.&lt;br /&gt;61. Xiong, L. Z., G. P. Yang, C. G. Xu, Q. Zhang and M. A. Saghai Maroof. (1998). Relationships of differential gene expression in leaves with heterosis and heterozygosity in a rice diallel cross. Molecular Breeding 4:129-136. &lt;br /&gt;60. 王石平， 刘克德， 王江， 张启发. 用同源序列的染色体定位寻找水稻抗病基因的DNA片断. 植物学报， (1998)， 40：42－50&lt;br /&gt;     Wang, S., K. D. Liu, J. Wang and Q. Zhang. (1998). Identifying candidate disease resistance genes in rice by sequence homology and chromosomal locations. Acta Bot. Sin. 40:42-50.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;1997&lt;br /&gt;59. Xiong, L. Z., K. D. Liu, X. K. Dai, S. W. Wang, D. P. Zhang, M. A. Saghai Maroof, T. Sasaki and Q. Zhang. (1997). A high density RFLP map based on the F2 population of a cross between Oryza sativa and O. rufipogon using Cornell and RGP markers. Rice Genetic Newsletter 14:110-116.&lt;br /&gt;58. 王风平， 梅明华， 徐才国， 张启发. 光敏不育水稻农垦58S与正常农垦58在pms1区间无育性基因分离. 植物学报，(1997)，39：922－925&lt;br /&gt;     Wang, F. P., Mei, M. H., Xu C. G. and Q. Zhang. (1997). pms1 genomic region does not cause fertility difference between the photoperiod-sensitive male sterile rice Nongken 58S and normal Nongken 58. Acta Bot. Sin. 39:922-925.&lt;br /&gt;57. Li, H. B., J. Wang, A. M. Liu, K. D. Liu, Q. Zhang, J. S. Zou. (1997). Genetic basis of low-temperature-sensitive sterility in indica-japonica hybrids of rice as determined by RFLP analysis. Theor. Appl. Genet. 95:1092-1097. &lt;br /&gt;56. Yao, F. Y., C. G. Xu, S B. Yu, J. X. Li, Y. J. Gao, X. H. Li and Q. Zhang. (1997). Mapping and genetic analysis of two fertility restorer loci in the wild-abortive cytoplasmic male sterility system of rice. Euphytica 98:183-187. &lt;br /&gt;55. Yu, S. B., J. X. Li, C. G. Xu, Y. F. Tan, Y. J. Gao, X. H. Li, Q. Zhang and M. A. Saghai Maroof. (1997). Importance of epistasis as the genetic basis of heterosis in an elite rice hybrid. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 94:9226-9231. &lt;br /&gt;54. Liu K. D., J. Wang, H. B. Li, C. G. Xu, A. M. Liu, X. H. Li and Q. Zhang. (1997). A genome-wide analysis of wide compatibility in rice and the precise location of the S5 locus in the molecular map. Theor Appl Genet 95:809-814. &lt;br /&gt;53. Wang, S., Q. Zhang, P. J. Maughan and M. A. Saghai Maroof. (1997). Copia-like retrotransposons in rice: heterogeneity, diversity and chromosomal locations. Plant Molecular Biology 33:1051-1058. &lt;br /&gt;52. Zhang, Q., K. D. Liu, G. P. Yang, M. A. Saghai Maroof, C. G. Xu, and Z. Q. Zhou. (1997). Molecular marker diversity and hybrid sterility in indica-japonica rice crosses. Theor Appl Genet 95:112-118. &lt;br /&gt;51. Saghai Maroof, M. A., G. P. Yang, Q. Zhang and K. A. Gravois. (1997). Correlation between molecular marker distance and hybrid performance in U.S. Southern long grain rice. Crop Science 37:145-150.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;Before 1997&lt;br /&gt;50. Li, H. B., Q. Zhang, A. M. Liu, J. S. Zou and Z. M. Chen. 1996. A genetic analysis of low-temperature-sensitive sterility in indica-japonica rice hybrids. Plant Breeding 115:305-309.&lt;br /&gt;49. 李昌功， 周嫦， 杨弘远， 李香花， 张启发. 青菜与芥菜花粉-体细胞原生质体融合的研究. 武汉植物学研究，1996，14：289－293&lt;br /&gt;     Li, C., C. Zhou, H. Yang, X. Li and Q. Zhang. 1996. Studies on pollen-somatic protoplast fusion between Brassica chinensis and B. juncea. J. Wuhan Botanical Research 14:289-293.&lt;br /&gt;48. Li, C., C. Zhou, H. Yang, X. Li and Q. Zhang. 1996. Development and molecular identification of pollen-somatic hybrid plants in Brassica spp. Chinese Science Bulletin 41:1564-1567.&lt;br /&gt;47. Lin, X. H., D. P. Zhang, Y. F. Xie, H. P. Gao and Q. Zhang. 1996. Identifying and mapping a new gene for bacterial blight resistance in rice based on RFLP markers. Phytopathology 86:1156-1169.&lt;br /&gt;46. Liu, K. D., G. P. Yang, S. H. Zhu, Q. Zhang, X. M. Wang and M. A. Saghai Maroof. 1996. Extraordinarily polymorphic ribosomal DNA in wild and cultivated rice. Genome 39:1109-1116.&lt;br /&gt;45. Zhang, Q., Z. Q. Zhou, G. P. Yang, C. G. Xu, K. D. Liu and M. A. Saghai Maroof. 1996. Molecular marker heterozygosity and hybrid performance in indica and japonica rice. Theor Appl Genet 93: 1218-1224.&lt;br /&gt;44. Liu K. D., Z. Q. Zhou, C. G. Xu, Q. Zhang and M. A. Saghai Maroof. 1996. An analysis of hybrid sterility in rice using a diallel cross of 21 parents involving indica, japonica and wide compatibility varieties. Euphytica 90:275-280.&lt;br /&gt;43. Saghai Maroof, M. A., G. P. Yang, R. Biyashev, P. J. Maughan and Q. Zhang. 1996. Analysis of barley and rice genomes by comparative RFLP linkage mapping. Theor Appl Genet 92:541-551.&lt;br /&gt;42. 刘克德， 张启发， 张端品， 谢岳峰. 云南地方稻种的遗传变异和籼粳分化. 植物学报，1995，37：718－724&lt;br /&gt;     Liu K. D., Q. Zhang, D. P. Zhang and Y. Xie. 1995. Genetic variation and indica-japonica differentiation in Yunnan indigenous rice. Acta Bot. Sin. 37:718-724.&lt;br /&gt;41. Saghai Maroof, M. A., Q. Zhang and R. Biyashev. 1995. Comparison of restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) in wild and cultivated barley. Genome 38:298-306.&lt;br /&gt;40. Zhang, Q., Y. J. Gao, M. A. Saghai Maroof, S. H. Yang and J. X. Li. 1995. Molecular divergence and hybrid performance in rice. Molecular Breeding 1:133-142.&lt;br /&gt;39. Saghai Maroof, M. A. Q. Zhang and J. Chojecki. 1994. RFLPs in cultivated barley and their application in evaluation of malting quality cultivars. Hereditas 12121-29.&lt;br /&gt;38. Yang, G. P., M. A. Saghai Maroof, C. G. Xu, Q. Zhang and R. M. Biyashev. 1994. Comparative analysis of microsatellite DNA polymorphism in landraces and cultivars of rice. Mol Gen Genet 245:187-194.&lt;br /&gt;37. Zhang, Q., B. Z. Shen, X. K. Dai, M. H. Mei, M. A. Saghai Maroof and Z. B. Li. 1994. Using bulked extremes and recessive class to map genes for photoperiod sensitive genic male sterility in rice. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 91:8675-8679.&lt;br /&gt;36. Zhang, Q., G. P. Yang, X. K. Dai and J. Z. Sun. 1994. A comparative analysis of genetic polymorphism in wild and cultivated barley from Tibet using isozyme and ribosomal DNA markers. Genome 37:631-638.&lt;br /&gt;35. Saghai Maroof, M. A., Q. Zhang and R. M. Biyashev. 1994. Molecular marker analysis of powdery mildew resistance in barley. Theor. Appl. Genet. 88:733-740.&lt;br /&gt;34. Saghai Maroof, M. A., R. M. Biyashev, G. P. Yang, Q. Zhang and R. W. Allard. 1994. Extraordinarily polymorphic microsatellite DNA in barley: species diversity, chromosomal location, and population dynamics. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 91:5466-5470.&lt;br /&gt;33. Zhang, Q., Y. J. Gao, S. H. Yang, R. A. Ragab, M. A. Saghai Maroof and Z. B. Li. 1994. A diallel analysis of heterosis in elite hybrid rice based on RFLPs and microsatellites. Theor Appl Genet 89:185-192.&lt;br /&gt;32. Zhang, Q., B. Shen, X. Dai, M. Mei, M. A. Saghai Maroof and Z. Li. 1993. An RFLP-based genetic analysis of photoperiod sensitive male sterility in rice. Rice Genetics Newsletter 10:94-97.&lt;br /&gt;31. Zhang, Q., M. A. Saghai Maroof and A. Kleinhofs. 1993. Comparative diversity analysis of RFLPs and isozymes within and among populations of Hordeum vulgare ssp. spontaneum. Genetics      134:909-916.&lt;br /&gt;30. Zhang, Q., S. Jana and M. A. Saghai Maroof. 1993. A diagnostic analysis of genetic differentiation among subpopulations of a barley composite cross using isozyme markers. Hereditas 118:63-70.&lt;br /&gt;29. Liu, A., Q. Zhang and H. Li. 1992. Location of a gene for wide-compatibility in the RFLP linkage map. Rice Genetics Newsletter 9:134-136.&lt;br /&gt;28. Allard, R. W., Q. Zhang, M. A. Saghai Maroof and O. A. Muona. 1992. Evolution of multilocus genetic structure in an experimental barley population. Genetics 131:957-969.&lt;br /&gt;27. Saghai Maroof, M. A. and Q. Zhang. 1992. Interrelationships of allozymes and ribosomal DNA alleles in wild barley. Euphytica 61:113-122.&lt;br /&gt;26. 曹孟良， 郑用琏， 张启发. 光敏核不育水稻农垦58S农垦58蛋白质双向电泳对比分析. 华中农业大学学报， 1992，11：305－311&lt;br /&gt;     Cao, M., Y. Zheng and Q. Zhang. 1992. A two dimensional electrophoretic analysis of proteins associated with photoperiod sensitive male sterility in rice. Journal of Huazhong Agricultural      University 11:305-311. &lt;br /&gt;25. 刘蔼民， 李和标， 张启发， 姜晓红， 师素云， 杨官品. 水稻广亲和基因在RFLP图谱上的初步定位. 华中农业大学学报，1992，11：213－219&lt;br /&gt;     Liu, A., H., Li, Q. Zhang, S. Shi, X. Jiang and G. Yang. 1992. Mapping a wide compatibility gene in rice in relation to RFLP markers. Journal of Huazhong Agricultural University 11:213-219.&lt;br /&gt;24. 张启发， 戴先凯， Saghai Maroof MA. 西藏和埃塞俄比亚大麦6个同工酶位点遗传变异的对比分析. 遗传学报，1992，19：236－243&lt;br /&gt;     Zhang, Q., X. Dai and M. A. Saghai Maroof. 1992. Comparative assessment of isozyme diversity in barley from Ethiopia and Tibet. Chinese Journal of Genetics 19:119-126, Allerton Press, Inc.,      New York.&lt;br /&gt;23. 张启发， 段国录， 杨官品. 中国大麦叶绿体DNA和核糖体RNA基因限制性片段长度多型性. 遗传学报， 1992，19：131－139&lt;br /&gt;     Zhang, Q., G. Duan and G. Yang. 1992. Restriction fragment length polymorphism of chloroplast DNA and rDNA intergenic spacer region in barley from China. Chinese Journal of Genetics      19:111-118, Allerton Press, Inc., New York.&lt;br /&gt;22. Zhang, Q., R. K. Webster, B. A. Crandall, L. F. Jackson and M. A. Saghai Maroof. 1992. Race composition and pathogenicity associations of Rhynchosporium secalis in California. Phytopathology      82:798-803.&lt;br /&gt;21. Zhang, Q., Saghai Maroof, M. A. and G. P. Yang. 1992. Ribosomal DNA spacer-length polymorphisms and the Oriental-Occidental differentiation in cultivated barley. Theor Appl Genet 84:682-     687.&lt;br /&gt;20. Saghai Maroof, M. A., Q. Zhang, D. B. Neale and R. W. Allard. 1992. Associations between nuclear loci and chloroplast DNA genotypes in wild barley. Genetics 131:225-231.&lt;br /&gt;19. Zhang, Q., Saghai Maroof, M. A., T. Y. Lu and B. Z. Shen. 1992. Genetic diversity and differentiation of indica and japonica rice detected by RFLP analysis. Theor Appl Genet 83:495-499.&lt;br /&gt;18. 廖玉才， 张启发， 郑用琏. 受白粉菌诱导大麦抗感等基因系蛋白质变化的双向电泳分析. 遗传学报，1991，18：431－436&lt;br /&gt;     Liao, Y., Q. Zhang and Y. Zheng. 1991. Two-dimensional electrophoresis of proteins associated with powdery mildew infection in barley isogenic lines. Acta Genetica Sinica 18:431-436.&lt;br /&gt;17. Zhang, Q., M. A. Saghai Maroof and R. K. Webster. 1991. Spatial and temporal patterns of associations between quantitative characters and resistance to scald in barley. Hereditas 115:1-8.&lt;br /&gt;16. Zhang, Q., M. A. Saghai Maroof and R. W. Allard. 1990 Effects on adaptedness of variations in ribosomal DNA copy number in populations of wild barley Hordeum vulgare ssp. spontaneum      Koch. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 87:8741-8745.&lt;br /&gt;15. Saghai Maroof, M. A, R. W. Allard, and Q. Zhang. 1990. Genetic diversity and ecogeographical differentiation among ribosomal DNA (rDNA) alleles in wild and cultivated barley. Proc. Natl. Acad.      Sci. USA 87:8486-8490.&lt;br /&gt;14. Allard, R. W., M. A. Saghai-Maroof, Q. Zhang and R. A. Jorgensen. 1990. Genetic and molecular organization of ribosomal DNA (rDNA) variants in wild and cultivated barley. Genetics 126:743-     751.&lt;br /&gt;13. Zhang, Q., M. A. Saghai Maroof and R. W. Allard. 1990. Worldwide pattern of multilocus structure in barley determined by discrete log-linear multivariate analyses. Theor Appl Genet 80:121-     128.&lt;br /&gt;12. Yang, G. and Q. Zhang. 1990. Polymorphism of -amylase activity in landraces and cultivars of barley from China. Euphytica 48:245-251.&lt;br /&gt;11. 杨官品， 张启发. 大麦萌发种子总 mRNA的分离及 cDNA克隆. 华中农业大学学报， 1990， 9：315－318&lt;br /&gt;     Yang, G. and Q. Zhang 1990. Construction of a cDNA library from germinated barley seed and isolation of an -amylase gene. Journal of Huazhong Agricultural University 9:315-318. &lt;br /&gt;10. 陈茂顺， 张启发， 廖玉才. 大麦抗白粉病近等基因系农艺性状相似性的评价. 华中农业大学学报，1989，8：311－317&lt;br /&gt;     Chen, M., Q. Zhang and Y. Liao. 1989. Similarity of genetic background between barley isogenic lines carrying various genes for powdery mildew resistance as determined by analyzing seven      quantitative characters. Journal of Huazhong Agricultural University 8:311-31 (in Chinese with English Abstract).&lt;br /&gt;9. Dai, X. and Q. Zhang. 1989. Genetic diversity of six isozyme loci in cultivated barley of Tibet. Theor Appl Genet 78:281-286.&lt;br /&gt;8. Jana, S., Q. Zhang and M. A. Saghai-Maroof. 1989. Influence of environments on the development of multivariate structure in a barley composite cross at three locations. Genome 32:40-45.&lt;br /&gt;7. Neale, D. B., M. A. Saghai-Maroof, R. W. Allard, Q. Zhang and R. A. Jorgensen. 1988. Chloroplast DNA diversity in population of wild and cultivated barley. Genetics 120:1105-1110.&lt;br /&gt;6. Zhang, Q., M. Tibayrenc and F. J. Ayala. 1988. Linkage disequilibrium in natural populations of Trypanosoma cruzi (Flagellate), the agent of Chagas' disease. J. Protozool. 35:81-85.&lt;br /&gt;5. Zhang, Q., R. K. Webster and R. W. Allard. 1987. Geographical distribution and associations of resistance to four races of Rhynchosporium secalis. Phytopathology 77:352-357.&lt;br /&gt;4. Geng, S., Q. Zhang and D. M. Bassett. 1987. Stability of yield and fiber quality of California cotton. Crop Science 27:1004-1010.&lt;br /&gt;3. Zhang, Q. and S. Geng. 1986. A method of estimating varietal stability for data of long-term trials. Theor Appl Genet 71:810-814.&lt;br /&gt;2. Zhang, Q. and R. W. Allard. 1986. Sampling variance of the genetic diversity index. J. Heredity 77:54-55.&lt;br /&gt;1. 余毓君， 张启发. 小麦六个常用亲本品种双列杂交配合力的初步研究. 遗传学报，1978，5：281－292&lt;br /&gt;   Yu, Y. J. and Q. Zhang. 1978. A preliminary study on the combining ability of six parents with diallel crosses in wheat. Acta Genetica Sinica 5:281-292 (in Chinese with English Abstract). &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;RESEARCH TEAMS&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;He Lab &lt;br /&gt;何老师组研究水稻分子育种&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;Lian Lab &lt;br /&gt;研究方向是水稻营养高效！&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;Lin Lab &lt;br /&gt;林老师组是研究水稻转化的...&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;Shiping Wang &lt;br /&gt;We concern events concerning rice disease resistance.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;Wu Changyin &lt;br /&gt;Carries out the following research based on the Rice mutant library&lt;br /&gt;(1) identifying novel genes.&lt;br /&gt;(2) identifying regulatory elements.&lt;br /&gt;(3) identifying pattern lines for ectopic expression (misexpression) of target gene at specific tissue or at specific growth stage&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;Yongzhong Xing &lt;br /&gt;Our lab focus on the mapping and cloning of QTLs in rice.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;Lizhong Xiong's Lab &lt;br /&gt;熊老师组研究水稻逆境抗性&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;Xu Jian &lt;br /&gt;须健老师的研究方向是植物根系发育生物学&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;Sibin Yu &lt;br /&gt;余老师组的研究方向是种质创新与新基因发掘&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Qifa Zhang&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Chengjun Zhang&lt;br /&gt;Weibo Xie&lt;br /&gt;Pingbo Zhang&lt;br /&gt;Jiongjiong Chen&lt;br /&gt;Yidan Ouyang&lt;br /&gt;Gang Zhou&lt;br /&gt;Liang Gong&lt;br /&gt;Xiaobo Zhao&lt;br /&gt;Jianyan Huang&lt;br /&gt;Hongyi Du&lt;br /&gt;Yourong Fan&lt;br /&gt;Jiangyi Yang&lt;br /&gt;Cuicui Zhang&lt;br /&gt;Jia Wang&lt;br /&gt;Shengyuan Sun&lt;br /&gt;Hailiang Mao&lt;br /&gt;Xiaoyu Weng&lt;br /&gt;Huihui Yu&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Zhou Dao-Xiu &lt;br /&gt;水稻表观调控实验室&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Address: Huazhong Agricultural University&lt;br /&gt;Wuhan, Hubei Province&lt;br /&gt;People's Republic of China&lt;br /&gt;Zip Code: 430070&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;FOOD CROPS
www.foodcrops.blogspot.com&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/4930984968650892465-6146982486406954035?l=foodcrops.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/FoodCrops/~4/9L-swFX-9R4" height="1" width="1"/&gt;</description><app:edited xmlns:app="http://www.w3.org/2007/app">2009-08-16T19:05:06.474+07:00</app:edited><media:thumbnail url="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/SoZL_4JqUbI/AAAAAAAADkc/B9ndl3Z8XAU/s72-c/Qifa+Zhang+2.jpg" height="72" width="72" /><thr:total xmlns:thr="http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0">0</thr:total><feedburner:origLink>http://foodcrops.blogspot.com/2009/08/national-center-of-plant-gene-research.html</feedburner:origLink></item><item><title>Giống lúa trồng một lần ăn 2-3 vụ ở Trung Quốc</title><link>http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/FoodCrops/~3/jTeotazOHXA/giong-lua-trong-mot-lan-2-3-vu-o-trung.html</link><category>Giống lúa trồng một lần ăn 2-3 vụ ở Trung Quốc</category><author>hoangkim_vietnam@yahoo.com (hoangkimvietnam and hoanglong)</author><pubDate>Wed, 29 Jul 2009 08:13:51 PDT</pubDate><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4930984968650892465.post-552400487882151733</guid><description>&lt;strong&gt;FOODCROPS. “Lúa ngố” có thể cho thu hoạch vài vụ mà không phải gieo cấy lại (trồng một vụ ăn 2-3 vụ) sẽ giảm nhẹ khâu lao động, tiết kiệm nước, năng suất tới 7,5 tấn/ha là giống lúa có tiềm năng.&lt;/strong&gt;   &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;Các nhà khoa học Trung Quốc vừa mới lai tạo thành công một giống lúa mới có nhiều ưu điểm nổi trội. Ông Chen Dazhou, Giám đốc Viện nghiên cứu lúa tỉnh Giang Tô cho biết: giống lúa mới có tên là “lúa ngố” vì có thể cho thu hoạch vài vụ liền mà không phải gieo cấy lại - nghĩa là trồng một vụ ăn 2-3 vụ. Theo ông Chen, giống mới này sẽ giúp hàng triệu nông dân, trước hết là phụ nữ giảm nhẹ khâu lao động cực nhọc nhất của nhà nông là cấy lúa bằng tay. Giống lúa mới có một ưu điểm nữa là chịu hạn tốt. Một ha trồng “lúa ngố”, mỗi năm cho phép tiết kiệm từ 17-17,5 tấn nước ngọt – Đây là một ưu điểm rất có ý nghĩa vì nước ngọt ở Trung Quốc ngày càng khan hiếm.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Trung Quốc hiện có tới 20 triệu ha ruộng không  cấy được lúa vì thiếu nước. Lúa là loại cây lương thực chỉ phát triển tốt ở vùng nhiệt đới. Các giống lúa thông thường chịu lạnh rất kém, khi nhiệt độ giảm xuống 5-7oC là cây lúa ngừng phát triển, thậm chí có thể chết. Giống lúa mới hoàn toàn khắc phục được những đặc điểm này. Ông Chen tự hào chỉ vào những ruộng lúa xanh rờn trên cánh đồng lúa thí nghiệm của Viện lúa Giang Tây cho biết: giống mới đã chịu qua 3 mùa rét với nhiệt độ dưới không. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Sở dĩ có bước nhảy vọt về khả năng chịu lạnh như vậy là do các nhà khoa học của Viện đã bỏ ra hàng chục năm nghiên cứu gen của những giống lúa hoang ở huyện Dong Xiang có thể chịu đựng được ở nhiệt độ âm 12,8oC. Nhưng nếu chỉ có từng ấy ưu điểm thì giá trị của giống “lúa ngố” cũng không lớn. Vấn đề có tính quyết định là năng suất của giống lúa này rất khá, một số mẫu cho năng suất tới 7,5 tấn/ha. Không những thế, giống còn đạt 9 trong số các tiêu chuẩn chất lượng qui định đối với giống cấp I Quốc gia. Ngoài ra giống còn cho phép tiết kiệm phân bón, hạt giống, tỷ lệ rụng thấp.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Bên cạnh hàng loạt ưu điểm, giống "lúa ngố" vẫn còn những nhược điểm như khả năng chịu sâu bệnh, cỏ dại kém. Dù sao đi nữa “lúa ngố” hoàn toàn có khả năng trở thành một trong những giống chủ lực ở Trung Quốc, ông Chen nói.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://nongnghiep.vn/nongnghiepvn/vi-VN/61/158/2/107/107/36925/Default.aspx"&gt;http://nongnghiep.vn/nongnghiepvn/vi-VN/61/158/2/107/107/36925/Default.aspx&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;FOOD CROPS
www.foodcrops.blogspot.com&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/4930984968650892465-552400487882151733?l=foodcrops.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/FoodCrops/~4/jTeotazOHXA" height="1" width="1"/&gt;</description><app:edited xmlns:app="http://www.w3.org/2007/app">2009-07-29T22:13:51.816+07:00</app:edited><thr:total xmlns:thr="http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0">0</thr:total><feedburner:origLink>http://foodcrops.blogspot.com/2009/07/giong-lua-trong-mot-lan-2-3-vu-o-trung.html</feedburner:origLink></item><item><title>Crop diversification in Vietnam</title><link>http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/FoodCrops/~3/aNK-8D6rJAY/crop-diversification-in-vietnam.html</link><category>learning by doing</category><category>foodcropsinvietnam</category><category>Crop diversification in Vietnam</category><author>hoangkim_vietnam@yahoo.com (hoangkimvietnam and hoanglong)</author><pubDate>Thu, 23 Jul 2009 21:13:30 PDT</pubDate><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4930984968650892465.post-1755549250569363661</guid><description>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/SmiZwEyrrAI/AAAAAAAADbI/gksgcr8o5NY/s1600-h/Cassava+Family+44.JPG"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 300px;" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/SmiZwEyrrAI/AAAAAAAADbI/gksgcr8o5NY/s400/Cassava+Family+44.JPG" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5361704407583665154" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Nguyen Van Luat&lt;/span&gt;*&lt;br /&gt;* Professor and Senior Scientist, &lt;br /&gt;Cuulong Delta Rice Research Institute, Omon, Cantho, Vietnam.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://foodcrops.blogspot.com"&gt;FOOD CROPS&lt;/a&gt;. The biggest constraints limiting crop diversification in the country are high cost of inputs and low quality of produce because of the use of archaic technologies, often resulting in low benefits. It is necessary to invest in research for developing not only improved varieties, but also better agro-techniques that can enhance the potential of varieties. Much attention should be paid on techniques that do not require inputs of expensive chemicals. Farmers should be encouraged to adopt measures to reduce crop duration, such as growing very short duration rice varieties (80-90 days), and application of the seedling broadcasting method in the Delta regions which can reduce crop duration in rice fields by about 20-25 days. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;1. INTRODUCTION &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Crop diversification as understood in Viet Nam is defined as the strategy of shifting from less profitable to more profitable crops, changing of variety and cropping system, increasing exports and competitiveness in both domestic and international markets, protecting the environment, and making conditions favourable for combining Agriculture-Fishery-Forestry-Livestock. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Before 1989, when Viet Nam was a net food importer, crop diversification was studied under the National Cropping Systems Project based on rice and under the International Farming Systems Network, coordinated by the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI). The Project aimed mainly to increase food production. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2. CROP PRODUCTION AND ECONOMIC SCENARIO &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2.1 Crop Production &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;There are 18 major food crops, in addition to the main fruit species, cultivated in Viet Nam. The cultivated area, yield and production of these crops are presented in Table 1. Rice occupies around 85 percent of the total area under rice, corn, sweet potato and cassava. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Data from Statistical Publishing House (Hanoi, 1999) show that the total area under crops was increased by 2,665,000 ha from 1990 to 1998. The increase of food crop area was the lowest (20.1 percent). The perennial industrial crop area was the highest (83.4 percent). Vegetables, annual industrial crops and fruit crops, increased by 50 percent as compared to the extents of 1990. Diversification on rice land has decreased, especially in the Mekong Delta, because of the fluctuation of prices of upland crop products grown in rotation with rice or through diversification of rice land. Farmers have frequently met with risks and uncertainty in prices. In the Mekong Delta non-rice food crops only contributed 10 percent to food production. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;2.2 Economic Scenario of the Agricultural Sector &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Crops, fishery and forestry contributed to the national GDP in 1990 to the tune of 40.7 percent, which decreased to 23.5 percent in 1998, although the net value increased by a big margin. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Table 1. Cultivated Area, Yield and Production of the Major Crops &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/SmiYKQOw_NI/AAAAAAAADaw/kevV22ISFzo/s1600-h/Luat+1.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 214px;" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/SmiYKQOw_NI/AAAAAAAADaw/kevV22ISFzo/s400/Luat+1.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5361702658307587282" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Source: Statistical Publishing House, Hanoi, 1999&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In terms of value structure, agriculture shared above 80 percent of the total value from agriculture, fisheries and forestry (1995-1998). In the rural economy, agricultural production accounted for around 80 percent with animal husbandry (17 percent) and services (3 percent) making up the remainder. The country is trying to increase the proportion of the value structure from animal husbandry and services through industrialization and modernization. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;With regard to trade of agricultural products, rice, rubber, coffee, tea, cashew nut, peanut, black pepper and other horticultural commodities are exported. Agricultural products imported are cotton, edible oil, milk and tobacco. Major crops for export are shown in Table 2. In 1999, 4.5 million tonnes of milled rice were exported from Viet Nam, which became the second largest rice exporter, after Thailand. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Table 2. Main Crops for Export (thousand tonnes) &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/SmiYYz2jfxI/AAAAAAAADa4/Eg-RKa520AI/s1600-h/Luat+2.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 85px;" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/SmiYYz2jfxI/AAAAAAAADa4/Eg-RKa520AI/s400/Luat+2.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5361702908387884818" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Source: Statistical Publishing House, Hanoi, 1999.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;3. PATTERNS OF CROP DIVERSIFICATION &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;3.1 Crop Diversification in Rice Land &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Rice is cultivated mainly in the Red River and Mekong River deltas. It is difficult to practice crop diversification in the rainy season in both river basins. From November to May or June, upland crop(s) can be grown in rotation with rice if farmers have the capacity to invest on inputs and can get net returns from such cropping patterns. Upland crops in rotation with 2 rice crops are considered as “sub-crop(s)”, for which farmers need not pay taxes. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In the Red River Delta, farmers have experience in growing an upland crop between two rice crops. Spring rice is harvested in June and early 'Mua' rice crop is harvested at the beginning of November. The possible upland crops to follow in this cropping pattern are potato, vegetables, beans etc., or at the end of October it could be corn, sweet potato or soybean. They are sown immediately after harvesting rice to avoid low temperature in winter. Short duration and non-photosensitive rice varieties are chosen for the early Mua rice crop. When necessary, crop seedlings for each hill are prepared by sowing seed in separate boxed seedbeds made of leaves or plastic. Sometimes farmers put seedlings of the upland crop in rice fields about 10 days before harvesting the rice crop. Such cropping systems (rice-rice-upland crop) are practiced on hundreds of thousands of hectares in the North, including the Red River Delta. Farmers can get more cash from the upland crops, especially by growing temperate vegetables such as cabbage, cauliflower and potato which can yield 15-20 tonnes/hectare. There is a residual effect from the upland crop for the subsequent spring rice crop which includes minimizing land preparation and weed control costs, and spending less on fertilizer. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In the Mekong delta, there is no problem of low temperatures. Farmers have grown many upland crops in rotation with rice, except crops of temperate origin such as cauliflower. Farmers grow winter-spring rice from November to February, then follow up with an upland crop before summer-autumn rice. It is interesting to note that in Longxuyen quadrangle, peanut has been grown on heavy soils (60 percent clay) on thousands of hectares, which can yield 3-4 tonnes/hectare. The soils in this region are perhaps high in organic matter (5-6 percent) and the difference of diurnal day/night temperature is high (6-10°C). In terms of residues for the next rice crop, groundnut and vegetable soybean (65 days) are considered the best. Generally, no tillage is applied for upland crops. After burning rice straw, farmers make planting holes and place the seed. One of the problems of crop intensification for crop diversification on rice land is damage from floods in the rainy season. Floods occur from the middle of August and recede in November. Farmers are attempting to experiment with new technologies to overcome such constraints, for example, by using rice varieties with a duration below 90 days, or to apply a method of water seeding for the winter-spring rice crop in order to shorten the duration of the crop in the field. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In the 1960's and 1970's, Azolla was cultivated on a large scale in about 0.5 million hectares in the north, especially in the Red River Delta. Azolla could replace 30-50 percent of N fertilizer for winter-spring or spring rice crop, but this practice has since been abandoned. The reason is that Azolla cultivation requires a lot of labour with very precise conditions in the winter season and farmers had to spray insecticides and apply phosphorous fertilizer every 5 days. They also had to manage water and remove dew to dry Azolla every day when temperature was low (below 15° C), if not, Azolla would die. Leguminous crops such as groundnut, soybean, mungbean for either cash crop or green manure are feasible cultivation alternatives under these conditions. These leguminous crops can be grown in rotation with rice or intercropped with corn as well. Data from production experiments show that vegetable soybean (65 days for green soybean, 90 days for soybean seed) and peanut are the best for the above purpose, grown either as a cash crop or for green manure. Yield of the following rice crop can be increased by 20-30 percent, or it can decrease N requirement by 30-40 kg/ha. When grown as an intercrop with corn, spacing of 80 cm × 25 cm should be replaced by spacing of 120 cm × (25 × 40 double lines), as by these configurations the corn population will have the same plant density of 50,000 plants/hectare, which gives the same yield. Three lines with 40 × 20 cm of leguminous crop can be grown between two lines of corn with a spacing of 120 cm. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;3.2 Crop Diversification on Sloping Land &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The movement of soil, water and nutrients is the major problem on sloping land. For example, the Red River Basin is located on a split topography with steep slopes measuring 19-37 percent on the average and the Red River, therefore, annually loads 137 billion cusecs of water with a substantial amount of soil and nutrients, leading dramatically to erosion and rapid degradation of soils. Serious deforestation in the past for agriculture development reduced forest cover to 28 percent, but in recent years (1999) it has increased to 33 percent by using different measures. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;According to the results of surveys of the National Institute for Soils and Fertilizer (1998), in the North the crop yields have decreased from year to year after clearing forest for crop cultivation. Some of the results are given below: &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/SmiYo4mejtI/AAAAAAAADbA/T-p8DpLZchs/s1600-h/Luat+3.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 139px;" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_ewWdo68I2wA/SmiYo4mejtI/AAAAAAAADbA/T-p8DpLZchs/s400/Luat+3.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5361703184540536530" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Human activities under severe population pressure and poverty conditions often neglect erosion control measures on cultivated sloping land, although the best control measures are to keep a forest cover or re-forest, or to plant perennial industrial or fruit crops. In this situation, methods of farming activities are recommended such as planting crops on the contour, in combination with agro-forestry and intercropping. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Leguminous plants such as Sesbania cannabina, Crotalaria strata, Cassia tora, Vigna indica, Tephrosia candida, Leucaena glauca and Medicago hispida, are used on sloping land either for soil loss reduction or green manure. Cropping patterns of cassava with intercropped peanut and Tephrosia candida as hedgerows, or hedgerow tea culture on the contour with mulching using rice straw can reduce soil loss by 60 percent or 80 percent, respectively, as compared to traditional cassava monoculture. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;4. EFFECT OF CROP DIVERSIFICATION &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;4.1 Food and Nutrition Security &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Products from crop diversification can be used for food and nutrition security. According to surveyed data in recent years milled rice use per capita decreased by about 1-2 kg/month; whereas there is an increased consumption of other products from agriculture (vegetable, fruits, sesame, peanut, mungbean, chicken, egg, pork, etc.) and from fisheries (fish, shrimp, crab) as a result of diversification of agricultural systems. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Data from surveys in Ho Chi Minh City in 1993 and 1996 showed that per capita/month consumption of milled rice decreased from 10.3 kg to 7.8 kg; whereas meat, fish, and egg consumption increased from 1.44 kg to 1.7 kg, 1.8 kg to 2.2 kg and 7 to 8.7, respectively. There is evidence of an increased consumption of fruits and vegetables. It is also evident that the volume of milled rice exported from Viet Nam is increasing from year to year. This is not only because of rice production increases, but also the improved eating pattern has contributed to this, since rice per capita consumption has decreased. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;4.2 Judicious Use of Land, Water and Other Resources for Income Growth, Poverty Alleviation and Employment &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Farming systems (popularly known as 'VAC') have become a popular movement throughout the country, led by the National and Provincial Horticulturist Associations, and supported strongly by the government. VAC can be considered as an economical and ecologically stable system within the framework of small farming households amounting to 13 million. Farmers are able to diversify not only crops, but also fisheries and forestry as well. From the original idea of 'VAC', there are several variations to the concept according to different situations and conditions, such as biogas production, field crops husbandry, agriculture, cropping hilly areas, agro-forestry, etc. There are many farmers growing traditional pesticide-free vegetables such as Moringa oleifera lamk., Basella rubra L., Telosma cordata Merr. and traditional medicinal plants for the “green medicine box”, such as barleria lupulina for healing toothache, and Paederia lanuginose Wall for healing abdominal pains, as well as organically grown vegetables. Hence, these are clean vegetables and clean herbal medicines, devoid of any fertilizer or pesticides in their culture. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Farmers in the Mekong Delta exploit the favourable conditions for practicing crop diversification. Because of the experience of flooding in the rainy season every year and drought condition in the dry season, farmers dig small canals around their fields, and make dikes to prevent submergence of farms. Ditches and dikes also help to keep water when flood waters recede. There are drainage pipes through these dikes to take water with silt and aquatic fauna and to wash away acid from decomposing organic matter when necessary. Framers call such a system 'Vuong'. On the dike they plant many crops, feed fish and/or shrimp in canals, and grow rice crops in the fields. Before the arrival of floods, they harvest the rice and fish, and when floods recede, fish colonize the canals once again as the next rice crop is planted. Farmers can, and have to minimize chemical usage to protect the fish/shrimp in canals and the poultry and pigs living on the dikes. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;There are some advanced techniques used for increasing rice production, decreasing water use and other material inputs, and making appropriate conditions for diversifying crops in rotation with rice, or feeding fish or ducks with insects that inhabit the rice fields. Some of these techniques are described as follows: &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;An Improved Sowing Method for Rice in the Mekong Delta &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Out of the 4 million hectares of rice grown, there are more than 3.5 million hectares where they apply the broadcasting method (the rest is transplanted) with a very high seed rate of 200-250 kg or even higher. These farmers are now using the row-seeding method with the improved IRRI Seeder to replace manual broadcasting. The results from tens of thousands of hectares in all 12 provinces of the region show that application of the row-seeding method can save at least 100-150 kg rice seed/hectare, making better conditions for feeding fish or ducks in rice fields, decreasing damage by rats and other pests, and with a concomitant paddy yield increase of up to 20 percent. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Use of Very Short Duration Rice Varieties to Reduce Rice Crop Duration in the Field &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;From 1985, the Cuulong Delta Rice Research Institute (CLRRI) has conducted a breeding programme for rice varieties named 'OMCS', which developed short duration types of less than 90 days. Many such OMCS varieties have been released on a million hectares, not only in the Mekong Delta, but also in the South Central region, while some of them used in the North are OMCS7 and OMCS96. The results from research and production on a large scale demonstrate that the very short duration rice varieties (80-90 days) can grow and yield normally. Many of them can yield nearly 7-8 t/ha with high grain quality and resistance to several pests and diseases. Although agro-techniques for these varieties are new to farmers, they prefer to use them to escape from floods in the wet season, from drought and saline intrusion in the dry season, and have the advantage of saving more cropping days for other crops, or for crop intensification. Attempts are also being made to adopt the seedling broadcasting method from China (preparing seedlings for each hill in plastic plates with small holes). Adopting this method and using OMCS varieties, it is possible to shorten the duration of the rice crop in the field by 20-25 days. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;5. PROBLEMS, CONSTRAINTS AND FUTURE OUTLOOK &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In each agro-climatic zone, there are certain physical constraints. Generally, the main constraints in mountainous, hilly, and middle elevation terraces are erosion, drought, temperature, and soil degradation. Typhoons, floods, low temperatures and pests; and floods, drought and pest infestation are the main physical constraints in the North and South delta, respectively. However, socio-economic constraints are considered as the challenges for the whole country. High inputs for crop production and low quality of crop products are the main problems because of low technology levels applied by many farmers. Credit, post-harvest technology and lack of proper infrastructure facilities are also constraints for crop diversification for the development of sustainable agriculture. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Viet Nam is trying to overcome the above mentioned constraints for agricultural development as well as for crop diversification, in order to meet the requirements of domestic consumption and trade. There are long-term as well as short-term programmes in applying new technologies to improve crop production. National programmes for the development of new crop varieties and animal races, as well as biotechnology in agriculture, are being funded by the national government. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Out of 22 agriculture research institutes, there are 15 institutes working directly on crops, 5 institutes serving crop production, irrigation and water management, planning and projecting, and policy formulation. They have responsibilities in studying and applying biotechnology, geographic information systems, informatics for planning crop production, breeding new crop varieties, post-harvest and processing, formulating policies for the government, and suggesting development strategies under varying conditions. The mandate of agricultural research institutes is to experiment and explore ways of improving technology for better effectiveness. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Agricultural extension systems are organized for villages, districts and provinces by the central government and are coordinated by the Department of Agricultural Extension. There are provincial extension centres for each province, and extension agencies or extension group at district or village level. Besides extension agencies, there are other extension organizations or activities of people's associations, companies, institutes and universities. All of them pay more attention to crop production. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Crop diversification will be given due attention, because of the requirement of improving consumption patterns, as well as for the benefit of all farmers who comprise approximately 80 percent of the population. Total calories from food of farmers and the poor are based on rice by 80 percent. This dependence should be gradually decreased to 60 percent, replaced by edible oil, vitamins, food rich in protein such as soybean, sesame, fruits, vegetables, peanuts, meat and fish. In terms of trade, total income from different kinds of crop products will be higher and more stable in local as well as in international markets. Finally, strategies for crop diversification have been developed and are available for implementation. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;6. COUNTRY STRATEGY FOR CROP DIVERSIFICATION &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In the past, when Viet Nam had to import food to meet the need for food security, food production had to be developed at any price, including clearing forest to plant cassava, upland rice, corn etc., on sloping land, resulting in severe erosion. Nowadays, the direction for agricultural development following the current strategy is to develop all aspects of agriculture based on national food security within the limits of resource availability. The strategy is also geared to increase within the short-term all sources of food and vegetables, in order to improve quality of consumption patterns and to decrease malnutrition. It is also planned to effectively change the structure of agriculture and the rural economy based on a stable food supply with emphasis on rice production (National Political Publishing House, Hanoi, 1996). Some of the salient policies of this proclamation are given below. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;· The State has declared a policy on marketing economics from the end of the 1980's, which enables food and agro-products to be freely circulated between regions in the whole country, and even in the international markets. Farmers and companies are free to choose markets and consumers to derive the best benefits. Such an approach has promoted agricultural development, including a boost for crop diversification, which has helped to provide many commodities to consumers. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;· The State promulgated the Law on agricultural tax with collection level ceiling at 7 percent of the output as against the previously levied 10 percent. Such tax benefits have encouraged agricultural land use efficiency and ensured equity between organizations, individuals and family householders who are offered land use rights when paying taxes to the government. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;· Apart from the agricultural banking system, there are credit cooperatives and a credit fund for farmers. These institutions are promoting direct investment for various agricultural development enterprises. The State has formulated many programmes for financial support to the people in rural areas; special priorities were given to poor farmers and upland inhabitants at low interest. This policy has strongly promoted the development of the perennial industrial crop area and fruit tree culture, especially greening the barren land upstream of the Red River Basin and others.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;7. CONCLUSIONS &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;· Crop diversification has been practiced in the country since 1989, when Viet Nam became a rice exporter. From 1990 to 1998, the growing area under rice increased by 20 percent; whereas the area under industrial crops increased by 83.4 percent; and annual industrial crops, fruit crops, vegetables and legumes recorded an increase of 50 percent. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;· There have been a lot of State interventions and policies which support crop diversification and agricultural development in general, such as policy on marketing, on agricultural tax and credit; as well as programmes on poverty alleviation, creating job opportunities, greening the barren land, establishing facilities for transportation of inputs, irrigation and other infrastructure. The State also helped to re-organize and increase investment for agricultural research institutes as well as improving systems of agricultural extension organizations. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;· There have been a number of technologies transferred to farmers in order to increase both quantity and quality of crops and improve cropping patterns in the delta regions or in the highlands. The results of production strategies show that almost all crops have yielded better, especially rice. Crop commodities exported from Viet Nam included not only rice, but also other crops. For instance, Viet Nam has become a cashew nut exporter and is ranked third in world commerce; it has also been ranked fifth in world coffee exports, and gained recognition for the export of many other commodities such as tea, rubber, peanut, black pepper, fruits and vegetables. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;· The biggest constraints limiting crop diversification in the country are high cost of inputs and low quality of produce because of the use of archaic technologies, often resulting in low benefits. It is necessary to invest in research for developing not only improved varieties, but also better agro-techniques that can enhance the potential of varieties. Much attention should be paid on techniques that do not require inputs of expensive chemicals. Farmers should be encouraged to adopt measures to reduce crop duration, such as growing very short duration rice varieties (80-90 days), and application of the seedling broadcasting method in the Delta regions which can reduce crop duration in rice fields by about 20-25 days. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;· Cultivated and growing area under rice amounts to 4.2 and 7.6 million hectares, which occupies 54 percent and 68 percent of the national crop area, respectively. It is necessary to reduce the area under rice for crop diversification in order to enable farmers to get higher incomes and practice sustainable agriculture. Two main directions should be applied to enhance crop diversification: a) to increase the trade value of crop products by growing more profitable crops and adding value through processing; and b) to educate farmers of the 13 million households in Viet Nam in improving their dietary habits by consuming non-rice food crops rich in protein, oil, vitamins and minerals.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;(&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Source: http://www.mekongriver.org/cropdivn.htm).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;FOOD CROPS
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