<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><?xml-stylesheet href="http://www.blogger.com/styles/atom.css" type="text/css"?><feed xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom' xmlns:openSearch='http://a9.com/-/spec/opensearchrss/1.0/' xmlns:blogger='http://schemas.google.com/blogger/2008' xmlns:georss='http://www.georss.org/georss' xmlns:gd="http://schemas.google.com/g/2005" xmlns:thr='http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0'><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-551558918322125559</id><updated>2024-09-10T14:44:55.169-07:00</updated><category term="aliran permukaan"/><category term="infiltrasi"/><category term="kawasan hutan"/><category term="kelapa sawit"/><category term="sawit"/><title type='text'>Forest View</title><subtitle type='html'>Blog about forestry and herbs, support for the development of forest resources to the people. About Political, social and economic and local culture of Borneo. Berupaya mempromosikan pengembangan potensi hutan sebagai sumber pangan dan bahan baku obat untuk kesejahteraan masyarakat.</subtitle><link rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#feed' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://mounandar.blogspot.com/feeds/posts/default'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/551558918322125559/posts/default?redirect=false'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://mounandar.blogspot.com/'/><link rel='hub' href='http://pubsubhubbub.appspot.com/'/><link rel='next' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/551558918322125559/posts/default?start-index=26&amp;max-results=25&amp;redirect=false'/><author><name>Mounandar</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/12382813546669498976</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><generator version='7.00' uri='http://www.blogger.com'>Blogger</generator><openSearch:totalResults>54</openSearch:totalResults><openSearch:startIndex>1</openSearch:startIndex><openSearch:itemsPerPage>25</openSearch:itemsPerPage><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-551558918322125559.post-8678813467028161648</id><published>2019-04-14T19:26:00.001-07:00</published><updated>2019-04-14T19:26:41.393-07:00</updated><title type='text'>SAATNYA MASYARAKAT SEKITAR HUTAN BERPERAN</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; trbidi=&quot;on&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: HelveticaNeue; font-size: 12px;&quot;&gt;Berkembang pesat teori-teori tentang bagaimana memperluas peran masyarakat lokal dalam pengelolaan Sumberdaya Hutan. Mainstream pemikiran tersebut &amp;nbsp;saat ini mengarah kepada ranah yang lebih demokratis. Proses perumusan kepentingan atas pengelolaan sumberdaya alam dibahas melibatkan banyak pihak.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;nbsp;Ada sinyal bagus dari Menteri Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan (LHK) bahwa masyarakat sekitar &amp;nbsp;perlu terlibat dalam proses pembuatan kebijakan pembangunan kehutanan. Hal itu disampaikan Menteri &amp;nbsp;saat memberikan arahan pada Rapat Koordinasi di Lingkungan Inspektorat Jenderal LHK tahun silam. Makna yang bisa ditangkap dari pernyataan tersebut adalah akan diperolehnya kesepatan masyarakat dalam menentukan arah pembangunan kehutanan kedepan.&amp;nbsp;&lt;div&gt;
Perdebatan tentang bagaimana peran masyarakat lokal dalam pengelolaan sumberdaya hutan sejatinya selalu berpangkal pada pandangan bahwa hutan dianggap public goods yang bisa dimanfaatkan oleh siapa saja.&lt;/div&gt;
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Sesungguhnya sangat riskan menempatkan hutan sebagai pubic goods. Teori ekonomi lazimnya mencirikan public goods dengan sifat sifat :&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;li&gt;penggunaan sangat luas &amp;nbsp;karena murah&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;menjadi domain pemerintah karena biasanya swasta tidak berminat&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;manakala penggunaan sudah melebihi beban akan menjadi sangat mahal&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjdODw7pyt8IrIj3YbALBH20_PS-R_WOB0U1IO2zjsL5X0jmlK2ED8005jJKCqTK6C5s2nRrW5_82fZ3PfHb0jF_oj02OYGtYOUTkxzf3E4E_o-_FIKzfxUPJEXiCJAHXfgtDWnxPgCcyA/s1600/IMG_20190124_100239.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; data-original-height=&quot;1600&quot; data-original-width=&quot;1200&quot; height=&quot;320&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjdODw7pyt8IrIj3YbALBH20_PS-R_WOB0U1IO2zjsL5X0jmlK2ED8005jJKCqTK6C5s2nRrW5_82fZ3PfHb0jF_oj02OYGtYOUTkxzf3E4E_o-_FIKzfxUPJEXiCJAHXfgtDWnxPgCcyA/s320/IMG_20190124_100239.jpg&quot; width=&quot;240&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiuBv0YsqKUuF9dfYz89JpM4a2hbot48t7676KOjgDKVT5AtfZLJX86kOpJm5m4YqmF-QI5qYir3SLT5PnOb8iZlrwCXK1EvVawXBoPdQ6yHbAn5nEAVGt0oDVoyJ852kEFJWw7JKGlDlE/s1600/IMG_20190124_100357.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; data-original-height=&quot;1600&quot; data-original-width=&quot;1200&quot; height=&quot;320&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiuBv0YsqKUuF9dfYz89JpM4a2hbot48t7676KOjgDKVT5AtfZLJX86kOpJm5m4YqmF-QI5qYir3SLT5PnOb8iZlrwCXK1EvVawXBoPdQ6yHbAn5nEAVGt0oDVoyJ852kEFJWw7JKGlDlE/s320/IMG_20190124_100357.jpg&quot; width=&quot;240&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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Dua hal di atas lah yang membedakan &amp;nbsp;hutan dengan sifat-sifat barang bebas. Murahnya penilaian atas hutan menjadi pangkal pengambil keijakan dengan mudajh memutuskan merubah hutan menjadi lahan budidaya komoditas dagangan selain diambil kandungan bahan ekstaktif lainnya. Konon nilainya meningkat jika diusahakan untuk memproduksi komoditi perkebunan atau pertanian ditambah pemanfaatan non renewable didalam lahannya (tambang misalnya).&lt;/div&gt;
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Hal yang ke tiga sesungguhnya titik kritis pemanfaatan sumberdaya hutan. Seberapa banyak kerugian yang timbul akibat konversi hutan, belum ada angka yang gamblang. Upaya valuating nilai hutan dalam berbagai penelitian belum banyak dan kalaupun ada belum digunakan optimal oleh pengambil keputusan. Valuasi nilai hutan sejatinya bisa menggabarkan nilai hutan dalam satuan mata uang. Nilai dalam satuan mata uang diyakini lebh mudah dipahami oleh semua orang, sehingga ada persamaan persepsi yang mendalam.&lt;/div&gt;
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Filosopi pembangunan holistik sendiri menempatkan manusia pada posisi sentral. Manusia sebagai pelaksana pembangunan sekaligus penerima dampak pembangunan tak terkecuali masyarakat di sekitar hutan. Dalam konteks Kehutanan di Provinsi Kalimantan Selatan, saat ini tengah massive-massive nya dibangun fondasi pembangunan kehutanan. Fondasi dimaksud adalah komitmen kuat untuk menempatkan kelompoktani hutan sebagai elemen penting dalam penyusunan rencana kerja (Renja). Mereka terlibat aktif mulai dari penjaringan aspirasi sampai pada &amp;nbsp;pelaksanaan lapangan. Pola ini diyakini akan mewujudkan keinginan pengelolaan hutan yang benar -benar berbasis masyaraat sekitar hutan&lt;/div&gt;
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</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://mounandar.blogspot.com/feeds/8678813467028161648/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/551558918322125559/8678813467028161648?isPopup=true' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/551558918322125559/posts/default/8678813467028161648'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/551558918322125559/posts/default/8678813467028161648'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://mounandar.blogspot.com/2019/04/saatnya-masyarakat-sekitar-hutan.html' title='SAATNYA MASYARAKAT SEKITAR HUTAN BERPERAN'/><author><name>Mounandar</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/12382813546669498976</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjdODw7pyt8IrIj3YbALBH20_PS-R_WOB0U1IO2zjsL5X0jmlK2ED8005jJKCqTK6C5s2nRrW5_82fZ3PfHb0jF_oj02OYGtYOUTkxzf3E4E_o-_FIKzfxUPJEXiCJAHXfgtDWnxPgCcyA/s72-c/IMG_20190124_100239.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-551558918322125559.post-1332519174263185375</id><published>2019-04-11T00:48:00.001-07:00</published><updated>2019-04-11T00:48:06.899-07:00</updated><title type='text'>CATATAN YANG TERSERAK</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; trbidi=&quot;on&quot;&gt;
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&lt;b&gt;Serenada jingga&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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laut mereguk nyanyi sunyi&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
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di pucuk nipah tersisa langit &amp;nbsp;merah jingga&lt;/div&gt;
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tanpa makna&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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cemara yang menua&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
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dahannya &amp;nbsp;menanti nelayan renta menambatkan sampan terakhir kalinya&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-tab-span&quot; style=&quot;white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;      &lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;karang payau 30319&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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Catatan yang Terserak&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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menanti hingga tak kembali&lt;/div&gt;
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di siang di pagi hari&lt;/div&gt;
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di mana hadirmu kau sembunyikan&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: HelveticaNeue; font-size: 12px;&quot;&gt;
di tiang bagang yang meronta ronta&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: HelveticaNeue; font-size: 12px;&quot;&gt;
di hijau cemara pada tepi ombak&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: HelveticaNeue; font-size: 12px;&quot;&gt;
di mana hadirmu kau sembunyikan&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: HelveticaNeue; font-size: 12px;&quot;&gt;
di cakrawala mana&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: HelveticaNeue; font-size: 12px;&quot;&gt;
tersesatkan jiwa yang penat&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: HelveticaNeue; font-size: 12px;&quot;&gt;
tempat merebahkan kepala sampai senyap&lt;/div&gt;
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&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; karang payau 30319&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://mounandar.blogspot.com/feeds/1332519174263185375/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/551558918322125559/1332519174263185375?isPopup=true' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/551558918322125559/posts/default/1332519174263185375'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/551558918322125559/posts/default/1332519174263185375'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://mounandar.blogspot.com/2019/04/catatan-yang-terserak.html' title='CATATAN YANG TERSERAK'/><author><name>Mounandar</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/12382813546669498976</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-551558918322125559.post-4416252961226298998</id><published>2017-03-27T23:16:00.001-07:00</published><updated>2017-03-27T23:16:18.041-07:00</updated><title type='text'>REVOLUSI HIJAU APA ITU?</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; trbidi=&quot;on&quot;&gt;
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Sahbirin Noor, Gubernur Kalimantan Selatan gencar menggulirkan Revolusi Hijau. Didukung penuh oleh Kepala Dinas Kehutanan Dr. Hanif Faisol Nurofiq sejak awal tahun lalu Revolusi Hijau dijadikan andalan strategis instnasinya. Sahbirin sendiri sering mendeklarasikan&amp;nbsp; REVOLUSI HIJAU satu paket dengan slogan TANAM, TANAM DAN TANAM UNTUK ANAK CUCU KITA. Tidak Jelas benar, apakah Revolusi Hijau ini memang akan mengubah tatanan&amp;nbsp; seperti kata REVOLUSI yang berarti merubah tatanan secara seketika seperti yang dimaksud daslam kamus-kamus&amp;nbsp; ataukah sekedar jargon. Menurut Hanif, Revolusi Hijau meupakan upaya masif untuk membangkitkan&amp;nbsp; dan menggelorakan semangat menanam kepada masyarakat luas. Saat ini telah dibuat MOU antara Dinas Kehutanan Kalsel dengan SOPD-SOPD Pemerintah Provinsi Kaliamnatn Selatan untuk menggiatkan penanaman pohon dalam rangka revolusi hijau ini. Di tingkat Kabupaten Kesatuan Pengelolaan Hutan sebagai Unit Pelaksana Teknis Dinas Kehutanan telah bergerak dan akan terus menjalin kerjasama dengan SOPD Kabupaten untuk mensukeskan hal ini diwilayah masing-masing.&lt;span id=&quot;goog_263023533&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;goog_263023534&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;table align=&quot;center&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; class=&quot;tr-caption-container&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi1GUq8KHYg2ywGETNcKZaCpuciOpbYIJFYWXuQG2dSUynmwHuukc04L8EjREEbjULeJaGRX6l0ZgIiHjKvfRFjQ85hnP_8DiUorZJaThD4VGzFFge74lwSO9SKkPOEjORk1CESohBC6Ic/s1600/P5190150.JPG&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;239&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi1GUq8KHYg2ywGETNcKZaCpuciOpbYIJFYWXuQG2dSUynmwHuukc04L8EjREEbjULeJaGRX6l0ZgIiHjKvfRFjQ85hnP_8DiUorZJaThD4VGzFFge74lwSO9SKkPOEjORk1CESohBC6Ic/s320/P5190150.JPG&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;tr-caption&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Lahan kritis di Kalimantan Selatan mencapai leboh&amp;nbsp; 600 ribu hekatar, menjadi sasaran Revolusi Hijau di Kalimantan Selatan&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
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Revolusi Hijau sendiri,&amp;nbsp; dalam berbagai kesempatan para ahli kebijakan pertanian menyebutkan pernah dilakukan di Indonesia. Ekonomi yang hancur lebur pasca kudeta gagal PKI tahun 1965 dimana inflasi sangat tinggi berlanjut krisis pangan. Pemerintah mengimpor bulgur (sejenis makanan kuda ) untuk mengatasi kekurangan beras.. Presiden Soeharto di awal tahun 70-an menggulirkan program Pancausaha Tani ( Lima upaya untuk meningkatkan Produksi Pangan) didukung dengan pendanaan&amp;nbsp; berbunga lunak serta perbaikan infrastuktur pengairan. Hasilnya pada tahun tujuh puluhan Indonesia bisa swasembada pangan bahkan sempat ekspor beras. Meskipun Presiden Soeharto pada waktu itu tidak pernah mendeklarasikan itu sebagai Revolusi Hijau, namun para ahli sering menamakan kerja besar itu sebagai Revolusi Hijau di Indonesia.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Akan halnya dengan Revolusi Hijau versi Sahbirin Noor?. Dinas Kehutanan Provinsi Kalimantan Selatan dibantu pakar Universitas Lambung Mangkurat diantaranya Prof. Dr. Ruslan tengah berupaya menuangkan Revolusi Sahbirin ini dalam konsep akademik. Kita tunggu saja, &lt;/div&gt;
</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://mounandar.blogspot.com/feeds/4416252961226298998/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/551558918322125559/4416252961226298998?isPopup=true' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/551558918322125559/posts/default/4416252961226298998'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/551558918322125559/posts/default/4416252961226298998'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://mounandar.blogspot.com/2017/03/revolusi-hijau-apa-itu.html' title='REVOLUSI HIJAU APA ITU?'/><author><name>Mounandar</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/12382813546669498976</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi1GUq8KHYg2ywGETNcKZaCpuciOpbYIJFYWXuQG2dSUynmwHuukc04L8EjREEbjULeJaGRX6l0ZgIiHjKvfRFjQ85hnP_8DiUorZJaThD4VGzFFge74lwSO9SKkPOEjORk1CESohBC6Ic/s72-c/P5190150.JPG" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-551558918322125559.post-1387072613767166090</id><published>2017-03-03T19:06:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2017-03-03T19:06:04.303-08:00</updated><title type='text'>MENAIKKAN TARIF KARCIS OBYEK WISATA ALAM, PERHATIKAN 3 HAL INI</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; trbidi=&quot;on&quot;&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: EN-US;&quot;&gt;Penetapan tarif masuk suatu kawasan wisata
menjadi penting karena tidak hanya berhubungan langsung dengan Pendapatan Asli
Daerah (PAD) tetapi juga erat kaitannya dengan kemampuan masyarakat sebagai pengguna
untuk membayar. Pemerintah Daerah berkepentingan dengan penerimaan PAD dari
retribusi karcis masuk atau rebusi jasa usaha untuk membiayai pemerintahan
otonomnya. Di sisi lain kebutuhan masyarakat akan hiburan dibatasi kemampuan
keuangannya dan kemauan untuk membayar (&lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;willingnes
to pay&lt;/i&gt;). Kedua sisi tersebut&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;perlu
diakomodir dalam tarif secara seimbang. Penetapan yang kurang seimbang bisa
menyebabkan tarif terlalu mahal atau terlalu murah. Tarif terlalu mahal&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;tidak terjangkau, akibatnya sepi pengunjung.
Terlalu murah, pengunjung berlimpah melebihi kapasitas (&lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;overload&lt;/i&gt;) obyek menderita &lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;memungkinkan
suatu usaha&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;obyek wisata menjadi tidak
terurus atau sepi pengunjung.&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: EN-US;&quot;&gt;Hal-hal yang perlu
diperhatikan dalam menentukan perubahan (kenaikan)&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;tarif masuk kawasan wisata alam diantaranya ;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: EN-US;&quot;&gt;1. &lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;Kemampuan masyarakat&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: EN-US;&quot;&gt;Kemampuan masyarakat dapat dikenali dari
Pertumbuhan Produk Domestik Bruto (PDB/PDRB). Angka ini bisa didapat dari Badan
Pusat Statistik (BPS).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: EN-US;&quot;&gt;2.&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;Angka inflasi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: EN-US;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;Kenaikan harga barang dan jasa di suatu negara /daerah, secara langsung
mempengaruhi daya beli masyarakat. Lebih jauh angka inflasi berguna untuk
menetapkan perkiraan harga barang bahkan harga proyek. Angka inflasi dapat
diperoleh dari BPS. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: EN-US;&quot;&gt;3.&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Eskalator Harga&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 14.2pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: EN-US;&quot;&gt;Merupakan suatu angka yang
menunjukkan kelipatan tingkat harga pada tahun berkenaan dibanding tahun dasar.
Tahun dasar hendaknya ditetapkan terlebih dahulu. Penentuan eskalator harga
harus didasarkan pada data series dari tahun ke tahun. &lt;table align=&quot;center&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; class=&quot;tr-caption-container&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh_gVDonccAsiOi37Nd4i7P1ZGJEEx1M-amPoK9X9sIBUkespYZ0LyFKe5tnG7gQL2-3pP5uAAh4KkZy5AB80Rv7H5DRRb1_ElNl6uNopGZ8pAFCCV9POSz46HwrPPJdcgF7v5ry-Qnlaw/s1600/20141204_130615.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;240&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh_gVDonccAsiOi37Nd4i7P1ZGJEEx1M-amPoK9X9sIBUkespYZ0LyFKe5tnG7gQL2-3pP5uAAh4KkZy5AB80Rv7H5DRRb1_ElNl6uNopGZ8pAFCCV9POSz46HwrPPJdcgF7v5ry-Qnlaw/s320/20141204_130615.jpg&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;tr-caption&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Salah satu sudut di Pantai Minahasa Utara &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;Unsur-unsur lain yang berpengaruh adalah potensi
pasar yang akan dibidik. Pasar meliputi segmen pasar, cakupan dan daya beli
segmennya. Kadang kala kegagalan memasarkan obyek wisata adalah diantaranya
keliru menetapkan pasarnya. Suatu obyek wisata mungkin harus dijual secara
paket dengan obyek wisata lainnya dan melibatkan berbagai jasa lain seperti hotel,
tour - travel, pendidikan &lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;bahkan promosi
di media sosial.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://mounandar.blogspot.com/feeds/1387072613767166090/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/551558918322125559/1387072613767166090?isPopup=true' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/551558918322125559/posts/default/1387072613767166090'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/551558918322125559/posts/default/1387072613767166090'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://mounandar.blogspot.com/2017/03/menaikkan-tarif-karcis-obyek-wisata.html' title='MENAIKKAN TARIF KARCIS OBYEK WISATA ALAM, PERHATIKAN 3 HAL INI'/><author><name>Mounandar</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/12382813546669498976</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh_gVDonccAsiOi37Nd4i7P1ZGJEEx1M-amPoK9X9sIBUkespYZ0LyFKe5tnG7gQL2-3pP5uAAh4KkZy5AB80Rv7H5DRRb1_ElNl6uNopGZ8pAFCCV9POSz46HwrPPJdcgF7v5ry-Qnlaw/s72-c/20141204_130615.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-551558918322125559.post-5802540927576948102</id><published>2017-02-26T20:52:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2017-02-26T20:52:53.715-08:00</updated><title type='text'>BU MENTERI, BEKANTAN DAN ORANGUTAN</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; trbidi=&quot;on&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(35, 35, 35); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; color: #232323; font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;; font-size: 10px; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-kerning: none;&quot;&gt;(&amp;nbsp;Sebuah renungan pendek )&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(35, 35, 35); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; color: #232323; font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;; font-size: 10px; line-height: normal; min-height: 12px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(35, 35, 35); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; color: #232323; font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;; font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-kerning: none;&quot;&gt;Menteri Kehutanan dan Lingkungan Hidup melepas liarkan empat ekor bekantan &lt;i&gt;(Nasalis larvatus)&amp;nbsp; &lt;/i&gt;Sabtu 18/2/2017 di sebuah delta kecil di tengah Sungai Barito Kalimantan Selatan. Acara seremonial itu seperti melonggarkan napas yang sesak ditengah santernya berita pembantaian orangutan (&lt;i&gt;Pongo&amp;nbsp; pygmaeus&lt;/i&gt; ) oleh sekelompok karyawan perkebunan sawit di Kapuas. Pelepas liaran monyet belanda berhidung bangir itu diartikan sebagai upaya mengkonservasi satwa liar endemik Pulau Borneo. &lt;table align=&quot;center&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; class=&quot;tr-caption-container&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiQrtNJ02cxa5DL-yTtXMWqKTotu_IlazFRPashKM4HMQ82XnvCQPs1KJgpNL2sHPrZyXiY-V8WDQbRjgLdI8sScF5_Iu9sL8MRB-PCf53LOOOqe0okXWMeuDzjzREZA4zwK3iVgoVAb_o/s1600/menteri-bekantan.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;201&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiQrtNJ02cxa5DL-yTtXMWqKTotu_IlazFRPashKM4HMQ82XnvCQPs1KJgpNL2sHPrZyXiY-V8WDQbRjgLdI8sScF5_Iu9sL8MRB-PCf53LOOOqe0okXWMeuDzjzREZA4zwK3iVgoVAb_o/s320/menteri-bekantan.jpg&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;tr-caption&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Menteri LHK melepas liarkan Bekantan (Photo Radar Banjarmasin)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Sementara nasib orangutan&amp;nbsp; yang di dunia international sering disebut &lt;i&gt;Bornean orangutan &lt;/i&gt;keadaannya sungguh sangat nelangsa&lt;i&gt;. &lt;/i&gt;Pemerhati satwa liar yang dikutip Tempo online (2016) memperkirakan orangutan di Pulau Borneo ( Indonesia dan Malaysia) hanya tersisa kuräng lebih 100 ekor såja&lt;i&gt;. &lt;/i&gt;Ditengarai&amp;nbsp; tahun 2025 akan punah&lt;i&gt;. &lt;/i&gt;Hutan hujan tropik yang menjadi habitat orangutan sebagian sudah dikonversi menjadi&amp;nbsp; kebun sawit. Mereka terdesak ke arah kawasan yang masih banyak pohon besar untuk berlindung. Ketika sumber pakannya mulai berkurang mereka kembali mendatangi habitat lamanya yang sayang telah berubah menjadi larikan pokok-pokok sawit. Kawanan penjaga kebun mengganggap orangutan menyerbu layaknya hama, harus ditumpas. &lt;table align=&quot;center&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; class=&quot;tr-caption-container&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhtXbjaPQSYx79Okh-4Xlp4aYGASpNA0ZrjqZdXEcEABuc2gb7ELGur8gylrY2n2qWaiiZOYzt_9vxrjgDShcKpUrZJtXkmDBcAmlLs_3qYDplOKBLKkNMGPamDMoSLIPnzQ9TKrohCWBs/s1600/Bornean+orangutan.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhtXbjaPQSYx79Okh-4Xlp4aYGASpNA0ZrjqZdXEcEABuc2gb7ELGur8gylrY2n2qWaiiZOYzt_9vxrjgDShcKpUrZJtXkmDBcAmlLs_3qYDplOKBLKkNMGPamDMoSLIPnzQ9TKrohCWBs/s1600/Bornean+orangutan.jpg&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;tr-caption&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Orangutan Kalimantan (Photo IUCN)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;
Entah karena daging sapi, kambing, kerbau harganya tak terjangkau, setelah dibunuh orangutan itu pun dimakan pula. Kejam ? Entahlah, terserah anda såja. Etnis tertentu di Kalimantan memang ada yang biasa mengkonsumsi jenis- jenis kera termasuk bekantan dan orangutan. Media ramai mewartakan,...&quot;&lt;i&gt;Indonesian orangutan killed and be eaten&lt;/i&gt;...&quot; atau&amp;nbsp; “…&lt;i&gt;orangutan hunt for meat …” &lt;/i&gt;dunia&amp;nbsp; pun terperangah karenanya. Kalangan tertentu bisa saja mengipas-ipasi, menjadikan berita ini untuk menekan pihak lain dengan tujuan tertentu. Setali tiga uang, nasib bekantan tak kalah mengenaskan. Keberadaan satwa ini menyusut tajam dalan 30 tabun terakhir.&amp;nbsp; &lt;i&gt;International Union for Conservation Nature (IUCN) &lt;/i&gt;sejak 2008 dalam &lt;i&gt;redlist&lt;/i&gt;nya telah menggolongkan monyet ini ke dalam status&lt;i&gt; endangered&amp;nbsp; &lt;/i&gt;atau genting.&amp;nbsp; Populasinya&amp;nbsp; merosot hingga mencapai 40 % tiap tahunnya.&lt;br /&gt;









&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(35, 35, 35); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; color: #232323; font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;; font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-kerning: none;&quot;&gt;Akan halnya dengan Ibu Menteri Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan, kiranya pelepas liaran bekantan tidak menjadi sarana berhura-hura layaknya selebrita yang mengiklankan produk kosmetika. Semoga bukan perang media semata. Jika itu yang terjadi alangkah ironisnya.&amp;nbsp; Orang-orang dengan kesadaran sempurna, meyakini siapa yang menguasai media, dia lah yang menguasai dunia. Siapa yang eksis di media massa, mampu membentuk opini dunia. Manusia memakan orangutan,&amp;nbsp; tentu sebuah berita , latar belakangnya&amp;nbsp; bisa karena sensasinya atau ungkapkan keprihatinan akan kemanusiaan.&amp;nbsp; Berita pelestarian alam bisa jadi adalah amunisi pihak tertentu untuk mempengaruhi opini global. Indonesia semakin tidak becus mengurus hutan, lalu di pergaulan dunia makin lemah nilai tawarnya. Sebagai &lt;i&gt;good boy, &lt;/i&gt;selama ini Indonesia memang dikenal patuh membayar utang luar negerinya. Sebagai pengutang yang setia, dengan nilai tawar yang rendah amat mudah &lt;i&gt;diapa-apain &lt;/i&gt;kebijakan ekonominya sesuai keinginan pemodal&lt;i&gt;. &lt;/i&gt;Sementara yang menjadi obyek berita tak persah berubah nasibnya. Sang bekantan tetap rentan kepunahan dan Sang Orangutan &amp;nbsp; akan tinggal menjadi catatan di buku-buku sekolahan. &amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://mounandar.blogspot.com/feeds/5802540927576948102/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/551558918322125559/5802540927576948102?isPopup=true' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/551558918322125559/posts/default/5802540927576948102'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/551558918322125559/posts/default/5802540927576948102'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://mounandar.blogspot.com/2017/02/bu-menteri-bekantan-dan-orangutan.html' title='BU MENTERI, BEKANTAN DAN ORANGUTAN'/><author><name>Mounandar</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/12382813546669498976</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiQrtNJ02cxa5DL-yTtXMWqKTotu_IlazFRPashKM4HMQ82XnvCQPs1KJgpNL2sHPrZyXiY-V8WDQbRjgLdI8sScF5_Iu9sL8MRB-PCf53LOOOqe0okXWMeuDzjzREZA4zwK3iVgoVAb_o/s72-c/menteri-bekantan.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-551558918322125559.post-3094411680014346166</id><published>2017-02-08T23:51:00.001-08:00</published><updated>2017-02-08T23:51:28.026-08:00</updated><title type='text'>PAD vs REINVENTING GOVERNMENT</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; trbidi=&quot;on&quot;&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 6.0pt; tab-stops: 36.0pt 72.0pt 108.0pt 144.0pt 180.0pt right 451.3pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: EN-US;&quot;&gt;Seiring gegap gempita reformasi (akhir 1998
sampai 2000 an) &lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;kalangan birokrasi tersihir
oleh istilah &lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;reinventing government&lt;/i&gt;, kurang
lebih maknanya menggeser perilaku birokrasi yang dulu &lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;ambtenaar &lt;/i&gt;menjadi lebih melayani. Apa hubungannya dengan
kemandirian fiskal?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 6.0pt; tab-stops: 36.0pt 72.0pt 108.0pt 144.0pt 180.0pt right 451.3pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: EN-US;&quot;&gt;Kecenderungan rasio kemandirian fiskal dapat
diamati dengan menyusun seri data kemandirian dari tahun ke tahun. Bilamana
trend kemandirian menunjukkan gejala meningkat artinya pertanda baik bagi
daerah otonom. Sebaliknya jika trend turun sedangkan fundamental ekonomi
menunjukkan kestabilan, itu artinya pertanda buruk. Hal itu dapat diartikan
suatu daerah kesulitan mencukupi pembiayaan untuk menjalankan tugas-tugas
pemerintahan, pembangunan dan pelayanan sosial kepada masyarakat. Pemerintah
daerah harus segera mengambil langkah konkrit untuk menyikapinya.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 6.0pt; tab-stops: 36.0pt 72.0pt 108.0pt 144.0pt 180.0pt right 451.3pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: EN-US;&quot;&gt;Langkah-langkah efektif yang bisa diambil
tentusaja &lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;dari sisi komponen PAD.
Komponen PAD yang meliputi : pajak daerah, retribusi daerah, hasil pengelolaan
kekayaan daerah yang dipisahkan dan lain-lain PAD yang sah.&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Meningkatkan penerimaan daerah dari
masing-masing komponen PAD tersebut tergantung potensi tiap-tiap daerah dan
konsekuensinya pula.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 6.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;Hal &lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;penting yang &lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;dapat dikembangkan untuk peningkatan PAD
adalah meningkatkan kinerja Badan Usaha Milik Daerah. BUMD dapat dioptimalkan
kinerjanya untuk mendukung pemasukan daerah dari sebagain hasil usahanya.&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;Osborne dan Gaebler&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt; (1996) mengemukakan 10 prinsip mereka-reka ulang kepemerintahan, populer
dikenal sebagai &lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;reinventing government&lt;/i&gt;.
Dua prinsip yang agaknya relevan dengan pengelolaan PAD ; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 7.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-indent: -7.1pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;- &lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Earning
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;r&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;ather than &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;s&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;pending&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: EN-US;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;Pemerintah dituntut memberi bobot kegiatannya
tidak sekedar &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;membelanjakan uang &lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: EN-US;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;tetapi juga berfokus memperoleh pendapatan.
Disinilah peran BUMD dan peranserta swasta perlu dioptimalkan.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 7.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-indent: -7.1pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;Meeting the Needs of Customer, not
be Bureaucracy&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt; &lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: EN-US;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;Kegiatan p&lt;/span&gt;elayanan masyarakat &lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: EN-US;&quot;&gt;sesuai &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;kebutuhan riil,&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: EN-US;&quot;&gt; apa yang menjadi kebutuhan masyarakat&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;direspon secepat mungkin bahkan jika
kebutuhan tiba-tiba bergeser dari pola yang sudah diamati. Konsekuensinya
pelayanan harus mengacu kepada &lt;/span&gt;standar &lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: EN-US;&quot;&gt;yang jelas dan terukur. &lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;a name=&#39;more&#39;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;


&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 6.0pt; tab-stops: 36.0pt 72.0pt 108.0pt 144.0pt 180.0pt right 451.3pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: EN-US;&quot;&gt;Penerapan prinsip-prinip tersebut secara
konsisten memungkin BUMD dapat bersaing dengan perusahaan swasta, menguntungkan
dan pada gilirannya menyumbang PAD.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 6.0pt; tab-stops: 36.0pt 72.0pt 108.0pt 144.0pt 180.0pt right 451.3pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;Contoh upaya peningkatan penerimaan dari pajak daerah misalkan pada
pengenaan Pajak Progressif kendaraan bermotor. Beberapa daerah telah
memberlakukan Pajak Progressif termasuk diantaranya DKI Jakarta dan Kalimantan
Selatan. Tarif pajak&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;kendaraan bermotor
bertingkat&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;sesuai&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;jumlah kendaraan yang&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;dimiliki wajib pajak. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;Sasaran &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;pengenaan&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;
tarif &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;progresif &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;ini
di antaranya kendaraan bermotor roda empat jenis sedan, jeep, minibus,
microbus, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;pick up &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;hingga tru&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;c&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;k.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;Subjek
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;pajak progressif&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;bisa &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;kepemilikan
kendaraan bermotor pribadi kedua dan seterusnya dengan nama dan alamat yang
sama&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt; atau &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;nama yang berbeda,
namun alamat sama.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 6.0pt; tab-stops: 36.0pt 72.0pt 108.0pt 144.0pt 180.0pt right 451.3pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;Seperti telah disebut di atas,
setiap keputusan memiliki konsekuensinya sendiri. Kalimantan Selatan menerapkan
pajak progresif sejak 2014 melalui Perda No 05 Tahun 2011 dan &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;peraturan
gubernur Nomor 43 tahun 2013 tentang Pajak Progresif&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;. &lt;span style=&quot;color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;Belakangan pergub 43
tahun 2013 direvisi karena dianggap tidak adil dan ditengarai menyebabkan wajib
pajak mengalihkan obyek pajaknya ke daerah lain. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 6.0pt; tab-stops: 36.0pt 72.0pt 108.0pt 144.0pt 180.0pt right 451.3pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;Upaya peningkatan melalui penerimaan
retribusi&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;memerlukan perhitungan yang
matang terkait investasi pemda untuk menyediakan pelayanan disamping proses
penyusunan PERDAnya (konon biayanya cukup mahal). Pengenaan tarif retribusi
terhadap obyek pelayanan yang terlalu tinggi juga akan menjadi kebijakan yang
tidak populer terutama bagi pasangan Kepala Daerah yang baru menjabat. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://mounandar.blogspot.com/feeds/3094411680014346166/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/551558918322125559/3094411680014346166?isPopup=true' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/551558918322125559/posts/default/3094411680014346166'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/551558918322125559/posts/default/3094411680014346166'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://mounandar.blogspot.com/2017/02/pad-vs-reinventing-government.html' title='PAD vs REINVENTING GOVERNMENT'/><author><name>Mounandar</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/12382813546669498976</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-551558918322125559.post-7741610723098424974</id><published>2017-02-07T18:46:00.003-08:00</published><updated>2017-02-07T18:48:06.515-08:00</updated><title type='text'>PAD dan Biaya Penunjang Operasional Kepala Daerah</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; trbidi=&quot;on&quot;&gt;
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   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
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   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
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   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
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   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light List Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
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   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
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   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
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   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
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   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
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   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;68&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;69&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
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  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;70&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;71&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
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&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;table align=&quot;center&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; class=&quot;tr-caption-container&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEirruKMGPpYRkOQS0-Xh4CmxtajMDiyuH5qXXdLIkoNMJFWPF687zCKKoFd208sFuaXtKA8DYJwA5ODGnhY9mmdyFDkV7ihvoifUGB_2VDYH068oDW9uxJ0N1vDWKcjr5HjZkhr6MVpujk/s1600/_MG_2529.JPG&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;213&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEirruKMGPpYRkOQS0-Xh4CmxtajMDiyuH5qXXdLIkoNMJFWPF687zCKKoFd208sFuaXtKA8DYJwA5ODGnhY9mmdyFDkV7ihvoifUGB_2VDYH068oDW9uxJ0N1vDWKcjr5HjZkhr6MVpujk/s320/_MG_2529.JPG&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;tr-caption&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Sumberdaya Alam bisasanya menjadi obyek utama peningkatan PAD&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;Berbanding terbalik dapat diartikan &lt;i&gt;semakin tinggi &lt;/i&gt;PAD suatu daerah, &lt;i&gt;semakin kecil&lt;/i&gt;&amp;nbsp; bantuan yang disalurkan pemerintah pusat
kepada daerah tersebut. Secara kepemerintahan kondisi ini cukup memberi alasan
pengambil kebijakan anggaran untuk menganggap daerah tersebut mampu membiayai
sendiri roda pemerintahannya. Itulah yang dimaksud mandiri secara fiskal. Itu
pula yang dikendaki oleh Undang-undang pemerintahan daerah. Otonomi tidak saja
berarti mengatur pemerintahannya sendiri tetapi juga membiayai roda
pemerintahannya. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;Ada yang menarik dari besar kecilnya
PAD ini. Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 109 Tahun 2000, mengaitkan besar kecilnya
biaya penunjang operasional Kepala Daerah dan Wakil Kepala Daerah (pasal
8).&amp;nbsp; Biaya Penunjang Operasional dimaksud
oleh PP 109/2000 adalah untuk membiayai koordinasi , penangulangan kerawanan
sosial masyarakat, pengamanan dan kegiatan khusus lainnya guna mendukung
pelaksanaan tugas Kepala Daerah dan Wakil Kepala Daerah. Besaran biaya
penunjang&amp;nbsp; tergantung besar kecilnya PAD
suatu daerah. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;B&lt;/span&gt;iaya
penunjang operasional Kepala Daerah dan Wakil Kepala Daerah Pro&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;v&lt;/span&gt;insi
ditetapkan berdasarkan klasifikasi Pendapatan Asli Daerah sebagai berikut :&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 21.3pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;a.&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot;; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;sampai
dengan Rp 15 milyar paling rendah Rp 150 juta dan paling tinggi sebesar 1,75%;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 21.3pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;b.&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot;; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;di
atas Rp 15 milyar s/d Rp 50 milyar paling rendah Rp 262,5 juta dan paling tinggi
sebesar 1%;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 21.3pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;c.&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot;; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;di
atas Rp 50 milyar s/d Rp l00 milyar paling rendah Rp 500 juta dan paling tinggi
sebesar 0,75 %;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 21.3pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;d.&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot;; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;di atas Rp 100 milyar s/d Rp 250 milyar paling
rendan Rp 750 juta dan paling tinggi sebesar 0,40 %;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 21.3pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraph&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 6pt 21.3pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;f.&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot;; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;di
atas Rp 500 milyar paling rendah Rp 1,25 milyar dan paling tinggi sebesar 0,15%.&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;( pasal 9).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;calibri&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Di sini dituntut Kepala Daerah yang bijaksana
agar peluang mendapatkan biaya penunjang operasional tidak hanya dialokasikan
untuk&amp;nbsp; operasional Kepala/Wakil Kepala
Daerah ( yang bisa disalah pahami ) bahwa PAD hanya dinikmati para petinggi.
Artinya hiduplah sederhana saja. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://mounandar.blogspot.com/feeds/7741610723098424974/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/551558918322125559/7741610723098424974?isPopup=true' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/551558918322125559/posts/default/7741610723098424974'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/551558918322125559/posts/default/7741610723098424974'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://mounandar.blogspot.com/2017/02/normal-0-false-false-false-in-x-none-x.html' title='PAD dan Biaya Penunjang Operasional Kepala Daerah'/><author><name>Mounandar</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/12382813546669498976</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEirruKMGPpYRkOQS0-Xh4CmxtajMDiyuH5qXXdLIkoNMJFWPF687zCKKoFd208sFuaXtKA8DYJwA5ODGnhY9mmdyFDkV7ihvoifUGB_2VDYH068oDW9uxJ0N1vDWKcjr5HjZkhr6MVpujk/s72-c/_MG_2529.JPG" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-551558918322125559.post-2859448117234753496</id><published>2017-02-02T19:08:00.001-08:00</published><updated>2017-02-07T20:17:30.789-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Pendapatan Asli Daerah dan Kemandirian Fiskal</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; trbidi=&quot;on&quot;&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: EN-US;&quot;&gt;Meningkatnya Pendapatan Asli Daerah (PAD)
sering dipahami keliru oleh berbagai kalangan. Hal Ini dapat terjadi karena
kekeliruan pemahaman. Naiknya PAD dipandang sebagai peningkatan kontribusi
Daerah kepada keuangan Negara (pemerintah pusat), sehingga sepantasnya Pemerintah
memberi ganjaran (&lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;reward&lt;/i&gt;) berupa
kucuran dana yang lebih untuk pemerintah daerah. Era otonomi sekarang ini
pandangan di atas menjadi tidak pas. Undang-undang Nomor 33 Tahun 2004 tentang
Perimbangan Keuangan antara Pemerintah Pusat dan Pemerintah Daerah&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;mengamatkan perlunya daerah secara otonom
membiayai sendiri roda pemerintah dan pembangunan. Suatu daerah dapat dikatakan
mampu menjalankan otonomi jika kemandirian fiskalnya baik. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;table align=&quot;center&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; class=&quot;tr-caption-container&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhj-NVbMj_34UBVPom7j3agEmGtZ0fiAxPzeT0Yn3WFPOZlxx04jZ8aqPNLkRyMG0MDE_BIWUYXZIdzbqK1Pa-cK9_H8YRjIPjVAF3gfBTlY10YJir_xvWHmtcC3y1tCpg1hkHDepw1_2I/s1600/20141204_154215.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;320&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhj-NVbMj_34UBVPom7j3agEmGtZ0fiAxPzeT0Yn3WFPOZlxx04jZ8aqPNLkRyMG0MDE_BIWUYXZIdzbqK1Pa-cK9_H8YRjIPjVAF3gfBTlY10YJir_xvWHmtcC3y1tCpg1hkHDepw1_2I/s320/20141204_154215.jpg&quot; width=&quot;240&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;tr-caption&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Pemanfaatan Sumberdaya Alam untuk Pendapatan Asli Daerah (PAD).&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: EN-US;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;K&lt;/span&gt;emandirian
fiskal (baca kemandirian keuangan) daerah tampak dari besarnya&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Pendapatan Asli Daerah (PAD) &lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;dibanding Pendapatan Daerah dari sumber lain.
Pendapatan dari Sumber lain dalam hal ini bisa berupa bantuan pemerintah pusat
maupun berupa pinjaman. Kemandirian fiskal inilah yang secara keuangan
menggambarkan otonomi daerah. Artinya, secara keuangan tergambar kemampuan daerah
membiayai sendiri operasional pemerintahan, pembangunan maupun pelayanan kepada
masyarakat. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: EN-US;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;Komponen
Pendapatan Asli daerah dalam Struktur APBD suatu daerah meliputi : pajak
daerah, retribusi daerah, hasil pengelolaan kekayaan daerah yang dipisahkan dan
lain-lain pendapatan asli daerah yang sah. Lain-lain pendapatan yang sah
diantaranya : hibah, dana darurat, dana bagi hasil pajak, dana penyesuaian dan
otonomi khusus dan bantuan keuangan dari pemerintah daerah lainnya. &lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;Pendapatan dari pemerintah (pusat) berupa dana
perimbangan: dana bagi hasil, dana alokasi umum dan dana alokasi khusus. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: EN-US;&quot;&gt;Pengukuran
kemandirian fiskal suatu daerah dapat dilakukan dengan menganalisis struktur
APBD nya. Pengukuran ini biasa disebut Rasio Kemandirian. Rasio kemandirian merupakan
berbanding terbalik dengan bantuan dari pemerintah pusat dan pinjaman .&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: EN-US;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; Pendapatan Asli Daerah&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: EN-US;&quot;&gt;Rasio Kemadirian&amp;nbsp; = ----------------------------------------&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: EN-US;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Bantuan Pemerintah Pusat + Pinjaman&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: EN-US;&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt;
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   &lt;m:brkBin m:val=&quot;before&quot;/&gt;
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&lt;/xml&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt;
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 &lt;/w:LatentStyles&gt;
&lt;/xml&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 10]&gt;
&lt;style&gt;
 /* Style Definitions */
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 {mso-style-name:&quot;Table Normal&quot;;
 mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;
 mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;
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 mso-style-priority:99;
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 mso-style-parent:&quot;&quot;;
 mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;
 mso-para-margin-top:0cm;
 mso-para-margin-right:0cm;
 mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt;
 mso-para-margin-left:0cm;
 line-height:115%;
 mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
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 font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;
 mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
 mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
 mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;
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</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://mounandar.blogspot.com/feeds/2859448117234753496/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/551558918322125559/2859448117234753496?isPopup=true' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/551558918322125559/posts/default/2859448117234753496'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/551558918322125559/posts/default/2859448117234753496'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://mounandar.blogspot.com/2017/02/pendapatan-asli-daerah-dan-kemandirian.html' title='Pendapatan Asli Daerah dan Kemandirian Fiskal'/><author><name>Mounandar</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/12382813546669498976</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhj-NVbMj_34UBVPom7j3agEmGtZ0fiAxPzeT0Yn3WFPOZlxx04jZ8aqPNLkRyMG0MDE_BIWUYXZIdzbqK1Pa-cK9_H8YRjIPjVAF3gfBTlY10YJir_xvWHmtcC3y1tCpg1hkHDepw1_2I/s72-c/20141204_154215.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-551558918322125559.post-6219711100012786523</id><published>2017-01-19T17:04:00.001-08:00</published><updated>2017-01-19T17:04:29.364-08:00</updated><title type='text'>CAN PES HELP TAHURA SULTAN ADAM  IN SCHEME OF FUNDING?</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; trbidi=&quot;on&quot;&gt;
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&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 12.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;What about the context of South Kalimantan&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: EN-US;&quot;&gt; Province&lt;/span&gt;?. Taman Hutan Raya
(Tahura) &lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: EN-US;&quot;&gt;or Grand
Forest Park Sultan &lt;/span&gt;Adam of &lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: EN-US;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;South Kalimantan determined by the
Presidential Decree 52 of 1989. The purpose is for the establishment and
preservation of &lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: EN-US;&quot;&gt;Bornean&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;germplasm collections of flora and
fauna, a research facility types of tropical rain forest vegetation, education
and training facilities, nature tourism facilities, maintaining the natural
beauty and create a fresh micro-climate, and to improve the function of
watershed hydrology. Like other forest area, &lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: EN-US;&quot;&gt;it is now &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;to &lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: EN-US;&quot;&gt;under&lt;/span&gt;pressure from various human
activities. Protected function of Tahura Adam Sultan to the existence of Riam
Kanan lake as hydroelectric suffering excessive sedimentation due to activities
in the catchment area. Water debit &lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: EN-US;&quot;&gt;of&lt;/span&gt; the reservoir was continuously decreased. The most prominent
human activities cause damage to areas including Tahura Adam Sultan is illegal
logging, illegal mining, and forest clearing for agriculture. Hydropower
existence which the only one in Borneo, Regional Water Company and agriculture
in Banjar District ultimately depends on the sustainability of these forests. &lt;table align=&quot;center&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; class=&quot;tr-caption-container&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh2aqGKDhg7RTj66JqVjLtx0XFNYJfODNA6gS8ozOVQ4Xs1TSwt1cWGHqFtRSNQ_Csbuy9iHjIA7AtZoeS1KDr4dr7nbs_aqvwghBTt8mXqeVU8BgiuvuVO9vmHtntHtEPNx8VVF9I3SKc/s1600/CSC_0223.JPG&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;212&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh2aqGKDhg7RTj66JqVjLtx0XFNYJfODNA6gS8ozOVQ4Xs1TSwt1cWGHqFtRSNQ_Csbuy9iHjIA7AtZoeS1KDr4dr7nbs_aqvwghBTt8mXqeVU8BgiuvuVO9vmHtntHtEPNx8VVF9I3SKc/s320/CSC_0223.JPG&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;tr-caption&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;i&gt;Nasalis larvatus,&lt;/i&gt; the Bornean endemic ape&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
To preserve the forest area as well as conservation of protected areas has
spent no small amount of funds, but the results have not been encouraging so
far. Law No. 32 Year 2004 on Regional Government essentially gives flexibility
to local governments to develop themselves according characteristics owned.
This initiative allows local governments explore the sources of new financing
for the development of protected areas and forest parks of this highway. &lt;br /&gt;
Government Regulation No. 54 of 2005 on the loan. Given the authority to make
loans, to cover shortfalls in local government finance. However, it should be
seen and assessed whether the existing financial capability to pay back the
loan installments and include such interest expense is determined and required
in Government Regulation. But the concept of this pattern is still putting the
government as a subject that will fight alone. PES allows the government to
overcome the problem of private holding environmental conservation as one of
the economic base. &lt;br /&gt;
How to build a consensus about this?. It requires a separate effort to make it
happen. Comprehensive academic study about it by the College (Lambung Mangkurat
University) it would be very necessary, so how much to contribute to environmental
services Tahura Sultan Adam became a fundamental awareness of local government
and the private sector in environmental management.. An alternative
determination of the value of conservation costs for the conservation of
protected forests and vegetation conditions have normal fluctuation of water
debit is relatively normal cost of the necessary conservation considered
equivalent to the cost of reforestation and forest Rehabilitation needed to
support the flow of water used or produced in the region. Mathematical
calculation would be: &lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: EN-US;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 12.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;NK = B Kons / D &lt;br /&gt;
NK =Value of Contribution value (in U.S. $ or Indonesian Rupiah, Rp ) &lt;br /&gt;
B Kons = Cost of Conservation (Reforestation and Forest Rehabilitation, etc. in
Rp / US $) &lt;br /&gt;
D = Debit produced water taps, water pack in each liter or m 3 &lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: EN-US;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 12.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;This simple calculation may be debatable and refined
to obtain reasonable quantities and economically. The other important thing
is&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;harmonize with the existing
regulations.&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;However, the&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Law Number 7 of 2004 which does not accommodate
the financing for the conservation of water resources, must be closed by other
funding scheme. PES is expected to reduce&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;the financing gap such as depending on government budget now. Precise
mechanism remains necessary to maintain the business world&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;conducively (end)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://mounandar.blogspot.com/feeds/6219711100012786523/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/551558918322125559/6219711100012786523?isPopup=true' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/551558918322125559/posts/default/6219711100012786523'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/551558918322125559/posts/default/6219711100012786523'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://mounandar.blogspot.com/2017/01/can-pes-help-tahura-sultan-adam-in.html' title='CAN PES HELP TAHURA SULTAN ADAM  IN SCHEME OF FUNDING?'/><author><name>Mounandar</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/12382813546669498976</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh2aqGKDhg7RTj66JqVjLtx0XFNYJfODNA6gS8ozOVQ4Xs1TSwt1cWGHqFtRSNQ_Csbuy9iHjIA7AtZoeS1KDr4dr7nbs_aqvwghBTt8mXqeVU8BgiuvuVO9vmHtntHtEPNx8VVF9I3SKc/s72-c/CSC_0223.JPG" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-551558918322125559.post-617904286294869190</id><published>2017-01-18T22:05:00.001-08:00</published><updated>2017-01-18T22:13:36.382-08:00</updated><title type='text'>PAYMENT FOR ECOSYSTEMS SERVICE, ANOTHER WAY TO CONSERVE FOREST AREA</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; trbidi=&quot;on&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;By: Munandar &lt;br /&gt;Preserving the forest  area as well as conservation of protected areas has spent great amount of funds, but the results have not been encouraging so far. Law of the Republic of Indonesia  No. 32 Year 2004 about Local  Government essentially gives flexibility for elaborating sources of development base on characteristic own to get development goals. This initiative allows local governments explore the sources of new financing for the construction of development.&lt;br /&gt;Payment for Ecosystems Services (PES) &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi_aCWXBu5y_7Ob69s2XQ_UW_6v95NFD3xJgc85W4FWMAzSeXKnHZNpJ4yg8A3Z6akuwGHKkLjFRIQ8hobrGDcPi9_cnIltUgqp0qGR6xSnVjP8YCtdTgAoW0cgnKCNwJGrmDblxGQMOTQ/s1600/DSC_0359.JPG&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;214&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi_aCWXBu5y_7Ob69s2XQ_UW_6v95NFD3xJgc85W4FWMAzSeXKnHZNpJ4yg8A3Z6akuwGHKkLjFRIQ8hobrGDcPi9_cnIltUgqp0qGR6xSnVjP8YCtdTgAoW0cgnKCNwJGrmDblxGQMOTQ/s320/DSC_0359.JPG&quot; title=&quot;PANGERAN MUHAMMAD NOOR DAM, PLACED IN TAHURA SULTAN ADAM SOUTH KALIMANTAN&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;PES can be said of the compensation money to substitute for environmental goods and services (including forests) that have been used by humans. Ecosystems Services (ES) itself according to the report of Millennium Ecosystems Assessment (MEA: 2005), can be recognized as a support, provision, regulation and cultural services for the environment is inherent to human life. Support can be a rotation of the food chains, the building of soil formation . Provision  include the source of nutrients, the availability of clean water, wood and fiber and various raw materials for production activities. Regulations, including the climate system, flood control, disease control and water filters. Cultural services can be described such as beauty, spiritual, education and recreation. In one sense, the existence of environmental resources are limited, but direct or indirect function rolling and irreplaceable. The world economies will soon collapse without fertile soil, clean water, healthy air to breathe, and the climate is suitable for food production. &lt;br /&gt;For instances is water, the ecological interactions between forest area as a zone in the upper as catchment area  and water absorption in  the lower region as a region downstream water use is very closely related. Furthermore, poor distribution in addition to the inefficiency caused shortages of water allocations between regions has shifted the initial presence of water as  public goods to  private goods. Article 25 of Law No. 7 of 2004 on Water Resources set a Water Resources Conservation held them in rivers, reservoirs, water catchment areas, nature reserves, conservation areas, forests and coastal areas.. Unfortunately in article 77 of this chapter financing decision not regulate the cost of water resource conservation. &lt;br /&gt;Consequently, efforts to keep the source and create a sustainable water management should be the responsibility of the government and local government which they are laying in areas along the river basin (DAS). As a commodity that can say half and half of public goods private goods that are traded, it is necessary that private sector must take  greater apart  than today. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a name=&#39;more&#39;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Forest, GDP and PES &lt;br /&gt;Forestry Sub-Sector contribution to national economic growth has been calculated only from the Value Added of goods and services of forest products as a direct benefit of timber and non timber forest products. It is considered too low  and false as shown in the Gross Domestic Product. This calculation is resulted in increasingly strong assumption that the forest area will increase its economic value if it worked as an extension of land or plantation agriculture. It is a very serious threat not only to the existence of forests but also the lives of human environmental ecosystem. &lt;br /&gt;What is the actual value of environmental services for backing human life up? There are no basic research on this. Payment for Ecosystem Services (PES). One of the initial effort is to calculate the global rent. The team of researchers from the United States, Argentina, and the Netherlands have put the benchmark average price of U.S. $ 33 trillion per year for the basic values of ecosystem services (Costanza. 1997.) An initial approach, but can be a reference further analysis for the improvement of the country&#39;s economy, especially related to the environment. Some have admitted this calculation logic, but does not reflect the overall price of environmental services. In reality must be understood that there are moral values, ethics and aesthetics to assess and protect nature-related benefits to world economies. The most obvious is that the value of environmental service provision does not fit with the economic calculus present. Much of the economic benefits the environment outside the usual market economy. environmental services are public goods is very large role, but hard to count in units of money. knows the impact human activities in the process of forest ecological interactions, an effective conservation measures are very important to be developed. Each act of driving requires much money. To save the values contained in a forest environment is very large, certainly requires a greater cost. Where funds should be provided?. As goods and public services the Government should be the main leader. However, with production starting role, especially in the dominant water use, the role of the private sector must become larger. Minimum risk and business continuity arrangements for water purification is a matter of forest drinking water standard should be a primary consideration for the company&#39;s Drinking Water and Drinking Water in containers to contribute to the Payment for Ecosystem Services (PES). &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://mounandar.blogspot.com/feeds/617904286294869190/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/551558918322125559/617904286294869190?isPopup=true' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/551558918322125559/posts/default/617904286294869190'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/551558918322125559/posts/default/617904286294869190'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://mounandar.blogspot.com/2017/01/payment-for-ecosystems-service-another.html' title='PAYMENT FOR ECOSYSTEMS SERVICE, ANOTHER WAY TO CONSERVE FOREST AREA'/><author><name>Mounandar</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/12382813546669498976</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi_aCWXBu5y_7Ob69s2XQ_UW_6v95NFD3xJgc85W4FWMAzSeXKnHZNpJ4yg8A3Z6akuwGHKkLjFRIQ8hobrGDcPi9_cnIltUgqp0qGR6xSnVjP8YCtdTgAoW0cgnKCNwJGrmDblxGQMOTQ/s72-c/DSC_0359.JPG" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-551558918322125559.post-6617681534507277951</id><published>2015-07-06T19:38:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2015-07-06T19:38:04.837-07:00</updated><title type='text'>API-API UNTUK OBAT SAKIT GIGI</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; trbidi=&quot;on&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;T&lt;/span&gt;umbuhan obat dari hutan lainnya yang sudah lama
dikenal orang adalah Api-api. Api-api dapat menyembuhkan sakit gigi. Masyarakat
tradisional di pesisir biasa memanfaatkan kulit batang tumbuhan ini untuk
mengobati&amp;nbsp; sakit gigi. Kandungan senyawa steroid
dan fenol hidrokuinon pada ekstrak kulit kayu Api-api diduga mampu menghambat pertumbuhan
bakteri. Hal ini yang &amp;nbsp;menyebabkan rasa
sakit pada gigi/gusi hilang.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgNDZX6RcaX8sm5G0aJyyZk-OeBbi2PJAVgbgDMwW0MeP8csbLaF4WZIWRvMbMncXZ6SbmjeaebRfSLIq90qiMArQvhdApn6aR8i-1hcXS8qPnR7XS2c9kSJmRGi2TWOss-GcTd4RMtLX0/s1600/API-API-01.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;320&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgNDZX6RcaX8sm5G0aJyyZk-OeBbi2PJAVgbgDMwW0MeP8csbLaF4WZIWRvMbMncXZ6SbmjeaebRfSLIq90qiMArQvhdApn6aR8i-1hcXS8qPnR7XS2c9kSJmRGi2TWOss-GcTd4RMtLX0/s320/API-API-01.jpg&quot; width=&quot;211&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Avicennia sp &lt;/i&gt;kulitnya untuk obat sakit gigi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;Sebagai salah satu unsur pembentuk hutan mangrove api-api
tergolong dalam famili &lt;i&gt;Verbenaceae &lt;/i&gt;(
adapula yang memasukkan ke dalam famili&lt;i&gt;
Acanthaceae ) &lt;/i&gt;dengan nama genus&lt;i&gt;
Avicennia.&lt;/i&gt; Diperkirakan tidak kurang dari 8 species Api-api yang tumbuh
menyebar dari dikawasan tropis Afrika, Asia, Asia Tenggara hingga Australia.
Seperti umumnya mangrove api-api menyukai rawa-rawa, pantai berlumpur dan
sungai-sungai pasang surut. Sosok pohon tinggi, dapat mencapai 30 meter dengan
tajuk tipis dan berakar nafas yang muncul di permukaan serupa paku. Daun
tunggal berbentuk bulat berwarna hijau tua mengkilap dan berwarna keputihan
dibagian sisi bawahnya.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;Penggunaan kulit kayu api-api dilakukan dengan cara
menumbuk kulit kayu yang telah dijemur sampai kering, lalu diseduh dengan air
panas. Setelah seduhan dingin disaring dan digunakan untuk berkumur. Bagi
wanita tidak disarankan minum air seduhan kulit ini karena diduga dapat
mengurangi kesuburan (&lt;i&gt;invertilitas&lt;/i&gt;)
(dari berbagai sumber)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://mounandar.blogspot.com/feeds/6617681534507277951/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/551558918322125559/6617681534507277951?isPopup=true' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/551558918322125559/posts/default/6617681534507277951'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/551558918322125559/posts/default/6617681534507277951'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://mounandar.blogspot.com/2015/07/api-api-untuk-obat-sakit-gigi.html' title='API-API UNTUK OBAT SAKIT GIGI'/><author><name>Mounandar</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/12382813546669498976</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgNDZX6RcaX8sm5G0aJyyZk-OeBbi2PJAVgbgDMwW0MeP8csbLaF4WZIWRvMbMncXZ6SbmjeaebRfSLIq90qiMArQvhdApn6aR8i-1hcXS8qPnR7XS2c9kSJmRGi2TWOss-GcTd4RMtLX0/s72-c/API-API-01.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-551558918322125559.post-3398096793199368143</id><published>2015-07-02T00:06:00.001-07:00</published><updated>2015-07-02T00:06:44.991-07:00</updated><title type='text'>TUMBUHAN OBAT </title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; trbidi=&quot;on&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;SIRSAK&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Annona
muricata&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;, Zuurzak (Beland), Sirsak (Indonesia),
Nangka Belanda (Jawa, Banjar, Indonesia), soursop (Inggris)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Tumbuhan obat yang satu ini lebih dikenal sebagai
pohon penghasil buah sirsak. Tumbuh pada kawasan hutan dataran rendah, bekas
perladangan atau kebun dan dibudidayakan untuk diambil buahnya.&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;Pohon
yang tingginya dapat mencapai 3-8 meter dapat berbuah pada umur 3-4 tahun. Kulit
batang berwarna abu-abu kecoklatan. Bentuk daunnya lancet memanjang dan
ujungnya meruncing. Panjang daun 6-18 cm bertepi rata.&amp;nbsp; Bunga berkelopak dan berbau tidak sedap.
Buah&amp;nbsp; majemuk berbentuk telur cenderung
bengkok ukuranya&amp;nbsp; sekitar 15-35 x 10-15
cm.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiyxPa0ezB3wlRd8BRlWZqKGbNDNqUE6uB6XXmMv3XmHvV_sJrbrhLvFQCQp2H5JooQLdGbsHPqZzPYGBDGAkooPoRlbSyawDZccyXJZmgeA5DStw5oZevJ195MSS6EfJs2-9x-syF9t9s/s1600/soursop02.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;260&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiyxPa0ezB3wlRd8BRlWZqKGbNDNqUE6uB6XXmMv3XmHvV_sJrbrhLvFQCQp2H5JooQLdGbsHPqZzPYGBDGAkooPoRlbSyawDZccyXJZmgeA5DStw5oZevJ195MSS6EfJs2-9x-syF9t9s/s320/soursop02.jpg&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
SOURSOP/SIRSAK (&lt;i&gt;Annona muricata) &lt;/i&gt;Selain buahnya, daunnya berkhasiat obat&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Daging buah sirsak berwarna putih berbji hitam, banyak. Rasa buahnya manis asam
segar, sering disajikan sebagai juice buah. Khasiat obat tumbuhan ini terdapat
pada daunnya. Secara tradisional masyarakat &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.scribd.com/doc/261562913/Kamus-Ringkas-bahasa-Banjar-Indonesia-Inggris&quot;&gt;Banjar&lt;/a&gt; dan Dayak di Kalimantan
memanfaatkan daun sirsak sebagai obat yang mujarab &amp;nbsp;untuk menurunkan tensi darah bagi penderita
darah tinggi. Praktisi pengobatan herbal menyebutkan daun sirsak baik untuk
mengobati sakit perut, demam, infeksi karena parasit, hipertensi dan rematik. Selain
itu kadang digunakan pula sebagai obat penenang. &amp;nbsp;Cara penggunaanya 5 lembar daun sirsak direbus
dengan air lima gelas didihkan sampai tersisa kurang lebih 2 gelas. Meskipun
telah diperdagangkan dalam bentuk teh daun sirsak, beberapa penelitian tidak
menyarankan untuk mengkonsumsi air rebusan daun sirsak secara terus menerus. Sebaiknya
cukup satu atau dua gelas selama dua hari saja.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://mounandar.blogspot.com/feeds/3398096793199368143/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/551558918322125559/3398096793199368143?isPopup=true' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/551558918322125559/posts/default/3398096793199368143'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/551558918322125559/posts/default/3398096793199368143'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://mounandar.blogspot.com/2015/07/tumbuhan-obat.html' title='TUMBUHAN OBAT '/><author><name>Mounandar</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/12382813546669498976</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiyxPa0ezB3wlRd8BRlWZqKGbNDNqUE6uB6XXmMv3XmHvV_sJrbrhLvFQCQp2H5JooQLdGbsHPqZzPYGBDGAkooPoRlbSyawDZccyXJZmgeA5DStw5oZevJ195MSS6EfJs2-9x-syF9t9s/s72-c/soursop02.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-551558918322125559.post-1750647709907452410</id><published>2015-07-01T00:10:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2015-07-01T00:10:27.769-07:00</updated><title type='text'>PULAI, TUMBUHAN OBAT DARI HUTAN</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; trbidi=&quot;on&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;PULAI&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Alstonia
scholaris&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt; pulai &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;(Banjar ), &lt;b&gt;pulai&lt;/b&gt; ( Indonesia)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Tumbuhan obat
ini merupakan pohon dari famili &lt;i&gt;Apocynaceae&lt;/i&gt;
dengan nama ilmiah/botani &lt;i&gt;Alstonia
scholaris&lt;/i&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Tempat tumbuh pulai pada umumnya adalah di hutan&amp;nbsp; dataran rendah dan pegunungan sampai pada
ketinggian 1000 meter di atas permukaan laut. Tinggi pohon dewasa umumnya
sedang dari 15 – 40 meter. Kulit batang berwarna abu-abu kecoklatan agak kasar.
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Getah kayu pulai berwarna putih susu. Daun
berbentuk lancet dengan permukaan licin berwarna hijau gelap. Tulang daun
menyirip berpasangan. Daun biasanya membentuk karangan sebanyak 5 sampai&amp;nbsp; 6 lembar.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEimdfcEGtebPpPwtLQS-VwY5K6zDAA4HudtNPcX9lxkut75all-uJZ8TqvYMi4q5kfYGSXqeOIxhEWqxE9OHqH6xj_KORGV3E8FRPqrKGtsPN6mHjVvff8ckmTC-cBCIzWcpfNt0x_rlcw/s1600/puhon+pulai.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;320&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEimdfcEGtebPpPwtLQS-VwY5K6zDAA4HudtNPcX9lxkut75all-uJZ8TqvYMi4q5kfYGSXqeOIxhEWqxE9OHqH6xj_KORGV3E8FRPqrKGtsPN6mHjVvff8ckmTC-cBCIzWcpfNt0x_rlcw/s320/puhon+pulai.jpg&quot; width=&quot;170&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjmumx2ddRPpC9PLJfy4EYBG2PRfth2XxC9qO0lydP4tPUNY9W5BxwOEMDJ5F6oDVZO6xFsIRMAElbcNC5WDiKatZ81ivuLa8FC6ZEW5Za5VlRvfA6nNzOB1ExL1egxSidMIu2r934w7g0/s1600/daun+pulai.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;240&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjmumx2ddRPpC9PLJfy4EYBG2PRfth2XxC9qO0lydP4tPUNY9W5BxwOEMDJ5F6oDVZO6xFsIRMAElbcNC5WDiKatZ81ivuLa8FC6ZEW5Za5VlRvfA6nNzOB1ExL1egxSidMIu2r934w7g0/s320/daun+pulai.jpg&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;




&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;Sosok pohon pulai (&lt;i&gt;Alstonia scholaris) &lt;/i&gt;kiri dan daunnya&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Masyarakat Dayak
pedalaman Kalimantan menggunakan getah pohon ini untuk obat malaria&amp;nbsp; dengan cara meminumnya satu sendok teh
sebelum tidur. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background: white; color: #252525; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Kulitnya
digunakan untuk bahan baku obat atau jamu yang berkhasiat untuk mengobati
penyakit radang tenggorokan dan lain-lain&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background: white; color: #252525; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Masyarakat aborigin Australia memanfaatkan kulit
kayu pulai untuk mengobati luka dalam lambung dan menurunkan demam. Selain
kulit kayu, seperti halnya masyarakat Dayak Suku Aborigin juga memanfaatkan
getah pulai untuk mengobati sakit gigi.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt; &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://mounandar.blogspot.com/feeds/1750647709907452410/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/551558918322125559/1750647709907452410?isPopup=true' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/551558918322125559/posts/default/1750647709907452410'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/551558918322125559/posts/default/1750647709907452410'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://mounandar.blogspot.com/2015/07/pulai-tumbuhan-obat-dari-hutan.html' title='PULAI, TUMBUHAN OBAT DARI HUTAN'/><author><name>Mounandar</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/12382813546669498976</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEimdfcEGtebPpPwtLQS-VwY5K6zDAA4HudtNPcX9lxkut75all-uJZ8TqvYMi4q5kfYGSXqeOIxhEWqxE9OHqH6xj_KORGV3E8FRPqrKGtsPN6mHjVvff8ckmTC-cBCIzWcpfNt0x_rlcw/s72-c/puhon+pulai.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-551558918322125559.post-5944974168681549673</id><published>2015-06-29T23:50:00.001-07:00</published><updated>2015-06-29T23:50:54.183-07:00</updated><title type='text'>BANGKAL</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; trbidi=&quot;on&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Nauclea
subdita.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt; Merr , bangkal&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.scribd.com/doc/261562913/Kamus-Ringkas-bahasa-Banjar-Indonesia-Inggris&quot;&gt; (Banjar)&lt;/a&gt;, bangkal (Indonesia),bulobangkal
&amp;nbsp;(English)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Pohon dari
famili &lt;i&gt;Rubiaceae&lt;/i&gt;, tumbuh di hutan
yang terganggu, hutan rawa, tepi sungai dan hutan pegunungan sampai ketinggian
700 meter diatas permukaan laut. Nama ilmiah yang dikenal adalah &lt;i&gt;Nauclea subdita. Merr.&lt;/i&gt; Tinggi pohon
dapat mencapai 25 meter. &amp;nbsp;Permukaan daun
kasar, berbentuk oval, tulang daun menyirip&amp;nbsp;
ddengan ukuran rata-rata panjang 8-20 centimeter. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgN-Hz9pAv_OqnzN0Zrc3L7pUpAIGubiOeCAf_YrhY5iVnVRy1EIvdkbwMmX7lnkmDeTWwYF8L5L9fvPIvaUoAFOZSrM-IZWs0mwQcE59THgoIvHavP5ikR_oDJG3bxi9ziyPgYL5NWQA4/s1600/bangkal.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgN-Hz9pAv_OqnzN0Zrc3L7pUpAIGubiOeCAf_YrhY5iVnVRy1EIvdkbwMmX7lnkmDeTWwYF8L5L9fvPIvaUoAFOZSrM-IZWs0mwQcE59THgoIvHavP5ikR_oDJG3bxi9ziyPgYL5NWQA4/s1600/bangkal.jpg&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
bunga dan duan bangkal, &lt;i&gt;Nauclea subdita&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Bunga Bangkal berwarna
kuning berbentuk seperti jarum pentul (pin) mengeliling kepala yang berbentuk
bulat serupa bola tennis. Bola menjadi buah ketika bunga-bunganya rontok.&amp;nbsp; Daunnya yang muda dimanfaatkan masyarakat
untuk obat sakit perut, menurunkan tekanan darah, bagian kulit kayunya
digunakan sebagai bahan bedak pemutih wajah. Bedak pemutih wajah dari bagian
kulit kayu ini telah menjadi industri rumahan dan umum dipakai oleh masyarakat
Banjar di Kalimantan dengan nama &lt;i&gt;pupur
bangkal&lt;/i&gt;. Selain mempunyai efek memutihkan bedak bangkal ini juga berfungsi
sebagai &lt;i&gt;sunblocker.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://mounandar.blogspot.com/feeds/5944974168681549673/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/551558918322125559/5944974168681549673?isPopup=true' title='3 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/551558918322125559/posts/default/5944974168681549673'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/551558918322125559/posts/default/5944974168681549673'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://mounandar.blogspot.com/2015/06/bangkal.html' title='BANGKAL'/><author><name>Mounandar</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/12382813546669498976</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgN-Hz9pAv_OqnzN0Zrc3L7pUpAIGubiOeCAf_YrhY5iVnVRy1EIvdkbwMmX7lnkmDeTWwYF8L5L9fvPIvaUoAFOZSrM-IZWs0mwQcE59THgoIvHavP5ikR_oDJG3bxi9ziyPgYL5NWQA4/s72-c/bangkal.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>3</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-551558918322125559.post-8754044299127147780</id><published>2015-06-24T20:23:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2015-06-24T20:23:14.423-07:00</updated><title type='text'>KAMUS BAHASA BANJAR TIGA BAHASA</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; trbidi=&quot;on&quot;&gt;
KAMUS TIGA BAHASA&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Untuk pertama kalinya, saya tawarkan Kamus Ringkas Bahasa Banjar-Indonesia -Inggris. Kamus ini berguna bagi Pelajar, Mahasiswa, Peminat Sastra Nasional dan Daerah, Peneliti &amp;nbsp;dan pihak-pihak yang ingin mengembangkan potensi usaha di Kalimantan .&lt;br /&gt;
Kamus &amp;nbsp;tiga bahasa ini mencakup &amp;nbsp;kosakata Banjar yang mencakup kosakata populer, budaya, flora dan fauna berikut penjelasan ringkasnya.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi_bf86Igkpfv9NZqwjn9WvYS2ltU2rqT_SzaDBHz34g0RhLG4_nE-hW1NVW4aHzT7GhvN1ddm-zxV56qIxKHBQoSwe8ELvW0oqqN8cadAPFiRYZ5FoR5sLv01ScmjOj0JyLbtUVzyeV90/s1600/SAMPUL_KAMUS01.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;320&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi_bf86Igkpfv9NZqwjn9WvYS2ltU2rqT_SzaDBHz34g0RhLG4_nE-hW1NVW4aHzT7GhvN1ddm-zxV56qIxKHBQoSwe8ELvW0oqqN8cadAPFiRYZ5FoR5sLv01ScmjOj0JyLbtUVzyeV90/s320/SAMPUL_KAMUS01.jpg&quot; width=&quot;219&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.scribd.com/doc/261562913/Kamus-Ringkas-bahasa-Banjar-Indonesia-Inggris&quot;&gt;Lihat Sekilas&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Anda dapat memperoleh Kamus Bahasa Banjar-Indonesia-Inggris dengan cara :&lt;br /&gt;
a. Informasikan nama, alamat &amp;nbsp;pemesan dengan jelas, jumlah buku yang dipesan melalui SMS ke 081349785437; atau e-mail mounandarhasbullah@gmail.com&lt;br /&gt;
b. mengganti ongkos cetak @&amp;nbsp;Rp.49.600,00 / eksemplar &amp;nbsp;dan ongkos kirim Rp. 5.000,00/ eksemplar&lt;br /&gt;
c. transfer ke Rekening Bank BNI 1946 no. 0081116512&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
DISCOUNT&lt;br /&gt;
1. untuk pemesan dari sekolah, &amp;nbsp;dengan menyebutkan Nama Sekolah dan NIS,&lt;br /&gt;
2. Pemesanan minimal 10 eksemplar&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Pesanan Anda dikirim setelah transfer di terima&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://mounandar.blogspot.com/feeds/8754044299127147780/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/551558918322125559/8754044299127147780?isPopup=true' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/551558918322125559/posts/default/8754044299127147780'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/551558918322125559/posts/default/8754044299127147780'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://mounandar.blogspot.com/2015/06/kamus-bahasa-banjar-tiga-bahasa.html' title='KAMUS BAHASA BANJAR TIGA BAHASA'/><author><name>Mounandar</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/12382813546669498976</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi_bf86Igkpfv9NZqwjn9WvYS2ltU2rqT_SzaDBHz34g0RhLG4_nE-hW1NVW4aHzT7GhvN1ddm-zxV56qIxKHBQoSwe8ELvW0oqqN8cadAPFiRYZ5FoR5sLv01ScmjOj0JyLbtUVzyeV90/s72-c/SAMPUL_KAMUS01.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-551558918322125559.post-1523779422263628768</id><published>2015-06-24T19:52:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2015-06-29T23:56:25.113-07:00</updated><title type='text'>BAHASA BANJAR (2)</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; trbidi=&quot;on&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
Bahasa Banjar adalah salah satu bahasa daerah yang dituturkan oleh pemakainya pada cakupan wilayah yang luas. Penutur Bahasa Banjar diperkirakan meliputi seluruh Kalimantan, sebagian pantai timur sumatera &amp;nbsp;dan sebagian kecil Semenanjung Malaya. Meskipun penuturnya cukup banyak dan luas &amp;nbsp;Bahasa &amp;nbsp;Banjar disamping Bahasa Melayu &amp;nbsp;dan Bahasa Daerah lain seperti Bahasa Dayak dengan berbagai dialeknya digunakan secara informal. Bahasa resmi yang digunakan masyarakat tetap Bahasa Nasional, Bahasa Indonesia.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
Kemiripan Bahasa Banjar dengan Bahasa Indonesia dalam beberapa hal sangat menguntungkan tidak saja bagi kemudahan dan kelancaran deseminasi kebijakan pemerintah pusat kepada rakyat di daerah maupun kelancaran artikulasi aspirasi daerah ke pusat tetapi juga membawa kelemahan tersendiri.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
Salah satu kelemahan dirasakan nyata diantaranya :&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;a name=&#39;more&#39;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;a. Kemiripan dengan bahasa nasional menghambat perkembangan bahasa &amp;nbsp;Banja&lt;/b&gt;r&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&amp;nbsp;Kosakata yang mirip menyebabkan intensitas penggunaan kosakata bahasa lokal di lingkungan &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&amp;nbsp;informal berkurang. Pengaruh penggunakan bahasa Nasional di dalam komunikasi formal ( tempat &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;kerja, sekolah, kampus, acara resmi) dimana individu lebih heterogen dan multi etnis, terbawa &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;dalam &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;komunikasi di dalam keluarga dan lingkungan informal (aktifitas jual beli di pasar).&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;b. Ragam bahasa tulis &amp;nbsp;lemah&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
Hal ini terjadi tidak hanya pada Bahasa Banjar tetapi juga bahasa-bahasa daerah lainnya. Penulis-penulis potensial lokal cenderung memilih menulis dalam bahasa nasional, Menulis dalam bahasa nasional akan menyentuh pembaca yang lebih luas dibanding menulis dengan bahasa lokal, memunculkan kekhawatiran tersendiri. Saat ini sangat jarang ditemui karya-karya yang ditulis dalam bahasa lokal.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
Jika hal ini dibiarkan ada konsekuensi yang ditanggung oleh bangsa ini paling tidak meliputi :&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
Bahwa Pemerintah Daerah berhak mengembangkan daerahnya sesuai potensi dan ciri khasnya. Kebudayaan nasional dibangun dari budaya daerah yang saling melengkapi sehingga cita-cita Bhineka Tunggalika dalam kerangka Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia bukan hanya mimpi belaka. Entah siapa yang lebih berkompeten mengurusi masalah-masalah seperti ini, demi tujuan Negara melindungi segenap bangsa Indonesia dan seluruh tumpah darah Indonesia, mencerdaskan kehidupan bangsa. Makna melindungi barangkali termasuk melindungi kekayaan bangsanya, dan salah satu kekayaan bangsa adalah Bahasa Daerah.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://mounandar.blogspot.com/feeds/1523779422263628768/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/551558918322125559/1523779422263628768?isPopup=true' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/551558918322125559/posts/default/1523779422263628768'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/551558918322125559/posts/default/1523779422263628768'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://mounandar.blogspot.com/2015/06/bahas-banjar-2.html' title='BAHASA BANJAR (2)'/><author><name>Mounandar</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/12382813546669498976</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-551558918322125559.post-8122663058330434350</id><published>2015-06-20T23:40:00.002-07:00</published><updated>2015-07-02T19:04:09.352-07:00</updated><title type='text'>TUMBUHAN OBAT , GAHARU (Aquilaria sp)</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; trbidi=&quot;on&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;&quot;&gt;Aquilaria &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;pohon Penghasil Gaharu&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;Gaharu &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;merupakan resin&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt; kayu dengan berbagai bentuk dan warna yang khas&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;. Resin yang &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;memiliki kandungan kadar
damar wangi, berasal dari pohon atau bagian pohon penghasil gaharu yang tumbuh
secara alami dan telah mati, sebagai akibat &amp;nbsp;proses infeksi yang terjadi baik secara alami
atau buatan&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;Pohon penghasil gaharu &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;diantaranya &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;adalah&amp;nbsp; &lt;i&gt;Aguilaria
sp&lt;/i&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;dari famili &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;Thymelaeaceae&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh_FUBs0iFH0juTB0nYFV1mDTRVdsY2IHDFVeG0taq8H84R8YKb38yphyphenhyphenc4LHdBiBMbDFkcTkJrAC1ONg4QtwC50nfPLgXxxji9GZ8Klf6WiFcCEGnjrtMp_1HaeTWhJmzFxCowQhmPNlI/s1600/gaharu.png&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh_FUBs0iFH0juTB0nYFV1mDTRVdsY2IHDFVeG0taq8H84R8YKb38yphyphenhyphenc4LHdBiBMbDFkcTkJrAC1ONg4QtwC50nfPLgXxxji9GZ8Klf6WiFcCEGnjrtMp_1HaeTWhJmzFxCowQhmPNlI/s1600/gaharu.png&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;Aquilaria sp &lt;/i&gt;penghasil resin gaharu&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;Di Indonesia &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;dikenal beberapa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt; spesies&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;Aquilaria&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;, seperti &lt;i&gt;A. malaccensis, A.
microcarpa, A. hirta, A. beccariana, dan A. &lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;filarial&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt; yang &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;penyebaranya
meliputi Kalimantan, Sumatera, Sulawesi, Nusa Tenggara, dan Papua&amp;nbsp;Pohon&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;. Pada&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;usia 9 sampai 10 tahun, setiap batang pohon mampu menghasilkan
sekitar 2 kilogram gaharu.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
Gaharu&amp;nbsp;dimanfaatkan &amp;nbsp;di bidang industry pengolahan antara lain
sebagai bahan baku&amp;nbsp; obat dan parfum.&amp;nbsp; Harga jual gaharu di pasaran mencapai
Rp. 5-20 juta per kilogram, tergantung dari jenis dan kualitas gaharu&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Tahoma&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;Tingginya harga jual gaharu dan pasar ekspor yang masih terbuka membuat
perburuan jenis pohon penghasil gaharu sangat intensif. Pohon-pohon penghasil
gaharu kadang-kadang tidak menghasilkan resin seperti yang diharapkan,
akibatnya banyak pohon yang ditebang sia – sia sementara regenerasi tidak
menunjukkan hasil yang menggembirakan.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&amp;nbsp;Beberapa
jenis yang berpotensi memproduksi resin gaharu meliputi&amp;nbsp;&lt;i&gt;Aquilaria spp&lt;/i&gt;,&amp;nbsp;&lt;i&gt;Aetoxylon
sympetallum&lt;/i&gt;,&amp;nbsp;&lt;i&gt;Gyrinops&lt;/i&gt;, dan&amp;nbsp;&lt;i&gt;Gonsystylus&lt;/i&gt; mulai sulit
ditemui. Jenis pohon itu. Salah satu jenis&amp;nbsp;&lt;i&gt;Aquilaria, sp &lt;/i&gt;&amp;nbsp;di
Kalimantan dikenal dengan nama lokal &lt;i&gt;Karas&lt;/i&gt;
keberadaannya saat ini mulai langka. &amp;nbsp;Pemerintah
Provinsi Kalimantan Selatan melalui Dinas Kehutanan&amp;nbsp; beberapa tahun terakhir mengembangkan &amp;nbsp;budidaya pohon penghsail gaharu&amp;nbsp; bersama-sama masyarakat di Kabupaten Sungai
Selatan, Tapin, Kotabaru, Tanah Laut dan Hulu Sungai Tengah. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;
Telah ditemukan &amp;nbsp;Teknik budidaya resin gaharu dengan cara
penginfeksian/inokulasi jamur pembentuk getah gaharu ke dalam batang pohon
potensial. Isolat jamur penginfeksi atau pembentuk resin gaharu sudah
dieksplorasi Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kehutanan yaitu dari genus&amp;nbsp;&lt;i&gt;Fusarium&lt;/i&gt;&amp;nbsp;dan&amp;nbsp;&lt;i&gt;Cylindrocarpon.&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;
Saat ini telah diketahui jenis jamur isolat
dari genus&amp;nbsp;&lt;i&gt;Fusarium&amp;nbsp;&lt;/i&gt;sebanyak 23 isolat, empat isolat jamur&amp;nbsp;&lt;i&gt;Fusarium
(&lt;a href=&quot;http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fusarium_nivale&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;redlink=1&quot; title=&quot;Fusarium nivale (halaman belum tersedia)&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;&quot;&gt;Fusarium nivale&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;,&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fusarium_solani&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;redlink=1&quot; title=&quot;Fusarium solani (halaman belum tersedia)&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;&quot;&gt;Fusarium solani&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;,&amp;nbsp;Fasarium
fusariodes,&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fusarium_roseum&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;redlink=1&quot; title=&quot;Fusarium roseum (halaman belum tersedia)&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;&quot;&gt;Fusarium roseum&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/i&gt;)&lt;i&gt; &lt;/i&gt;paling cepat menginfeksi
kayu berpotensi menjadi gaharu. Dalam satu bulan kayu yang terinfeksi dengan
keempat isolat jamur tersebut sudah mampu menunjukkan tanda-tanda keberhasilannya.
Kemudian gaharu buatan itu bisa dipetik pada masa satu hingga tiga tahun. Ukuran
pohon potensial yang dipilih untuk membentuk gaharu, yang sudah berdiameter
lebih dari 15 sentimeter dan usianya di atas 5-6 tahun. Untuk menyuntikkan
isolat jamur penginfeksi, sebelumnya pohon potensial dilukai. Pada bagian
pelukaan tersebut, isolat jamur disuntikkan isolat jamur antara 200 sampai 300
titik pelukaan batang. Selama tiga tahun, semburat warna kehitaman akan
menyebar pada serat kayu, itulah yang disebut gaharu. (dari berbagai sumber)&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://mounandar.blogspot.com/feeds/8122663058330434350/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/551558918322125559/8122663058330434350?isPopup=true' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/551558918322125559/posts/default/8122663058330434350'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/551558918322125559/posts/default/8122663058330434350'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://mounandar.blogspot.com/2015/06/aquilaria-sp.html' title='TUMBUHAN OBAT , GAHARU (Aquilaria sp)'/><author><name>Mounandar</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/12382813546669498976</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh_FUBs0iFH0juTB0nYFV1mDTRVdsY2IHDFVeG0taq8H84R8YKb38yphyphenhyphenc4LHdBiBMbDFkcTkJrAC1ONg4QtwC50nfPLgXxxji9GZ8Klf6WiFcCEGnjrtMp_1HaeTWhJmzFxCowQhmPNlI/s72-c/gaharu.png" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-551558918322125559.post-2737708920077471185</id><published>2015-06-15T18:58:00.001-07:00</published><updated>2015-06-15T18:58:23.565-07:00</updated><title type='text'>TUMBUHAN OBAT DARI HUTAN INDONESIA</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; trbidi=&quot;on&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;SALAM&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Indonesian bay-leaf, Indonesian laurel
(English), daun salam (Indonesia), duhat (Banjar), &lt;i&gt;Syzygium polyanthum&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhBKfGMHSKcGKDcWdN562r2TugbVVbb2bmYRHjBUtoQzgHD80gd7p8jqBA9y4kRrkDRdxaSzw39jkhwcEhyphenhyphenQaI9Cd14cZjLO3WO1YNFtGhbleOsmLiLJruEd4HkmLpNfPlm3u5obAnMRWM/s1600/SALAM.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;285&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhBKfGMHSKcGKDcWdN562r2TugbVVbb2bmYRHjBUtoQzgHD80gd7p8jqBA9y4kRrkDRdxaSzw39jkhwcEhyphenhyphenQaI9Cd14cZjLO3WO1YNFtGhbleOsmLiLJruEd4HkmLpNfPlm3u5obAnMRWM/s320/SALAM.jpg&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
Indonesian bay-leaf ( Syzygium polyanthum)&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Salam
adalah pohon penghasil daun salam yang sangat dominan sebagai bumbu penyedap
dalam masakan nusantara. Tinggi pohon dewasa umumnya dapat mencapai 17 sampai
dengan 27 meter. Secara botani van Steenis mengelompokkan tumbuhan ini sebagai keluarga
&lt;i&gt;Myrtaceae&lt;/i&gt; genus &lt;i&gt;Syzygium &lt;/i&gt;atau jambu-jambuan. Nama ilmiah yang dikenal adalah &lt;i&gt;Syzygium polyanthum&lt;/i&gt; atau &lt;i&gt;Syzygium polyantha. &lt;/i&gt;Tumbuhan ini secara
luas menyebar &amp;nbsp;di Asia Tenggara mulai
Thailand, Burma, Semenanjung Malaya, Borneo&amp;nbsp;
sampai ke Jawa. Salam pada awalnya tumbuh liar dihutan primer maupun
sekunder&amp;nbsp; di ketinggian antara 5 – sampai
dengan 1.300 meter di atas permukaan laut. Budidaya salam dilakukan untuk
diambil daunnya dan diperdagangkan sebagai rempah-rempah. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Daun
salam merupakan daun tunggal berhadapan berbentuk lonjong sampai elips dengan
pangkal dan ujung lancip. Panjang daun antara &amp;nbsp;5 sampai 15 centimeter dan lebar 3,5 sampai 6,
5 centimeter. Seperti halnya genus Syzygium yang lain bunga salam merupakan
bunga majemuk berbentuk malai berwarna putih. Buah berbentuk buni besarnya
sekitar 8 – 9 milimeter. Buah yang muda berwarna hijau setalah tua akan menjadi
merah dan dapat dimakan.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Secara
tradisional daun salam selain dimanfaatkan sebagai bumbu penyedap juga dikenal
sebagai obat anti diare, menurunkan kolesterol tinggi, mengobati diabetes,
menurunkan tensi dan sakit maag.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Penggunaan
sebagai obat penurun kolesterol dan&amp;nbsp;
diabetes dilakukan dengan cara :&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;5 lebar daun direbus dengan lima gelas air, didihkan
sampai air menyusut menjadi kurang lebih dua gelas. Setelah dinginkan pada suhu
ruangan, &amp;nbsp;air rebusan dapat diminum&amp;nbsp; pada pagi hari sebelum makan.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://mounandar.blogspot.com/feeds/2737708920077471185/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/551558918322125559/2737708920077471185?isPopup=true' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/551558918322125559/posts/default/2737708920077471185'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/551558918322125559/posts/default/2737708920077471185'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://mounandar.blogspot.com/2015/06/tumbuhan-obat-dari-hutan-indonesia.html' title='TUMBUHAN OBAT DARI HUTAN INDONESIA'/><author><name>Mounandar</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/12382813546669498976</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhBKfGMHSKcGKDcWdN562r2TugbVVbb2bmYRHjBUtoQzgHD80gd7p8jqBA9y4kRrkDRdxaSzw39jkhwcEhyphenhyphenQaI9Cd14cZjLO3WO1YNFtGhbleOsmLiLJruEd4HkmLpNfPlm3u5obAnMRWM/s72-c/SALAM.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-551558918322125559.post-2294922936801299512</id><published>2015-05-26T00:52:00.001-07:00</published><updated>2015-05-26T01:01:55.303-07:00</updated><title type='text'>TUMBUHAN OBAT DARI HUTAN INDONESIA (8)</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; trbidi=&quot;on&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;SIRIH&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Betel (English)&lt;i&gt;/ Piper betle,
sirih &lt;/i&gt;(Indonesia), suruh (Jawa)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjUuXRtTM7UuXUnsKjHdOXrSp3zPhr0wzJaqPvXpcttADJf0Ng35OnFbYmo_1mGiEXNliBec9buVBs8W2-QRm-H0jQC3f5k8BHthlHugtv0Or48bHuMvzhg7I3uOgO68XE_Rm-JKnzTL7E/s1600/betel.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjUuXRtTM7UuXUnsKjHdOXrSp3zPhr0wzJaqPvXpcttADJf0Ng35OnFbYmo_1mGiEXNliBec9buVBs8W2-QRm-H0jQC3f5k8BHthlHugtv0Or48bHuMvzhg7I3uOgO68XE_Rm-JKnzTL7E/s1600/betel.jpg&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Betel atau Sirih, &amp;nbsp;adalah tumbuhan merambat dari famili &lt;i&gt;Piperaceae&lt;/i&gt; yang mempunyai &amp;nbsp;nama ilmiah &lt;i&gt;Piper betle. &lt;/i&gt;Sirih diduga merupakan tanaman asli Indonesia dan telah ditanam dipekarangan . Sampai
saat ini Sirih sebagai tanaman yang berkhasiat obat &lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #252525; font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Sirih&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #252525;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #252525;&quot;&gt;masih menjadi bahan baku penting industri jamu, digunakan
langsung sebagai ramuan maupun dikonsumsi dengan pinang, gambir, kapur dan tembakau
untuk makan sirih &amp;nbsp;&lt;i&gt;chewing&lt;/i&gt; &lt;i&gt;betel.&lt;/i&gt;&amp;nbsp; Panjang &lt;span style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial;&quot;&gt;tanaman
merambat ini dapat &amp;nbsp;mencapai 12 hingga &amp;nbsp;15 meter. Batang sirih berwarna coklat
kehijauan, berbentuk bulat, dan beruas. Ruas-ruas tersebut disertai bakal akar
sehingga memudahkan tanaman ini tumbuh liar merambat. &amp;nbsp;Sirih mempunyai jenis daun tunggal yang berbentuk
jantung, berujung runcing, tumbuh berselang-seling, bertangkai, dan
mengeluarkan bau khas bila diremas. Panjang daun antara &amp;nbsp;5 - 8 cm dan lebar 2 - 5 cm. Bunganya majemuk
berbentuk bulir dan terdapat daun pelindung ± 1 mm berbentuk bulat panjang. Buahnya
buah buni berbentuk bulat berwarna hijau keabu-abuan. &amp;nbsp;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #252525;&quot;&gt;Minyak yang dihasilkan dari daun sirih mengandung, pati,
diatase, gula dan zat samak serta kavikol yang memiliki daya mematikan kuman,
antioksidasi dan fungisida, anti jamur. Sirih juga diyakini &amp;nbsp;berkhasiat menghilangkan bau badan yang ditimbulkan
bakteri dan fungi. Daun sirih juga bersifat menahan perdarahan, menyembuhkan
luka dan gangguan saluran pencernaan. Selain itu juga bersifat mengerutkan,
mengeluarkan dahak, meluruhkan ludah, hemostatik, dan menghentikan perdarahan. Selain
kegunaan tersebut sirih diyakini&amp;nbsp; mampu
menyembuhkan batuk, sariawan, bronchitis, jerawat, keputihan, sakit gigi,
membersihkan kotoran yang masuk ke mata, menghilangkan bau mulut dan lain-lain.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://mounandar.blogspot.com/feeds/2294922936801299512/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/551558918322125559/2294922936801299512?isPopup=true' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/551558918322125559/posts/default/2294922936801299512'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/551558918322125559/posts/default/2294922936801299512'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://mounandar.blogspot.com/2015/05/tumbuhan-obat-dari-hutan-indonesia-7_26.html' title='TUMBUHAN OBAT DARI HUTAN INDONESIA (8)'/><author><name>Mounandar</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/12382813546669498976</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjUuXRtTM7UuXUnsKjHdOXrSp3zPhr0wzJaqPvXpcttADJf0Ng35OnFbYmo_1mGiEXNliBec9buVBs8W2-QRm-H0jQC3f5k8BHthlHugtv0Or48bHuMvzhg7I3uOgO68XE_Rm-JKnzTL7E/s72-c/betel.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-551558918322125559.post-1511683500338771327</id><published>2015-05-21T00:40:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2015-05-21T00:48:51.115-07:00</updated><title type='text'>TUMBUHAN OBAT DARI HUTAN INDONESIA (7)</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; trbidi=&quot;on&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;AKAR KUNING&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Diels /&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt; Arcangelisia flava&lt;/i&gt;, akar kuning (Indonesia),
akar kuning (Banjar), Diels (English).&lt;/b&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Diels atau dalam Bahasa Indonesia disebut Akar Kuning
adalah liana asli dari Asia Tenggara yang termasuk dalam&amp;nbsp; famili &lt;i&gt;Coscieae.
&lt;/i&gt;&amp;nbsp;Nama ilmiah&amp;nbsp; Akar Kuning yang dikenal adalah &lt;i&gt;Arcangelisa flava&lt;/i&gt;. Tempat tumbuh Akar
kuning adalah di hutan dataran rendah dan pegunungan sampai ketinggian 300
meter di atas permukaan laut. Kadang–kadang dapat ditemui di bekas perladangan
yang lama terlantar atau&amp;nbsp; belukar muda.
Akar kuning umumnya mudah ditemui di hutan tropis pulau Borneo yang memang memiliki
curah hujan tinggi.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg7yyX4egAuAAAF3J2CXcTEqrCOtFGka-er060rYtYpqid3_3zB5Gj7J5J93E0r35WKPsl09DvG-tXOAs7wNknH9cGCJ7snv-8keKA44DXxeSRPmzOnuLzRLD6LngJDIn4ztvdq8arBMmY/s1600/akar_kuning01.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;320&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg7yyX4egAuAAAF3J2CXcTEqrCOtFGka-er060rYtYpqid3_3zB5Gj7J5J93E0r35WKPsl09DvG-tXOAs7wNknH9cGCJ7snv-8keKA44DXxeSRPmzOnuLzRLD6LngJDIn4ztvdq8arBMmY/s320/akar_kuning01.jpg&quot; width=&quot;244&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
Diels /Akar Kuning ( &lt;i&gt;Arcangelisia flava)&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Warga masyarakat sekitar kawasan hutan manfaat&amp;nbsp; akar kuning secara tradisional sebagai
tonikum yang berfungsi menambah stamina. Belakangan Akar Kuning
diperjualbelikan di pasar sebagai jamu &amp;nbsp;untuk mengobati Sakit Kuning, Liver, Hepatitis
B, anti malaria dan anti diare.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://mounandar.blogspot.com/feeds/1511683500338771327/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/551558918322125559/1511683500338771327?isPopup=true' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/551558918322125559/posts/default/1511683500338771327'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/551558918322125559/posts/default/1511683500338771327'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://mounandar.blogspot.com/2015/05/tumbuhan-obat-dari-hutan-indonesia-7.html' title='TUMBUHAN OBAT DARI HUTAN INDONESIA (7)'/><author><name>Mounandar</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/12382813546669498976</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg7yyX4egAuAAAF3J2CXcTEqrCOtFGka-er060rYtYpqid3_3zB5Gj7J5J93E0r35WKPsl09DvG-tXOAs7wNknH9cGCJ7snv-8keKA44DXxeSRPmzOnuLzRLD6LngJDIn4ztvdq8arBMmY/s72-c/akar_kuning01.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-551558918322125559.post-4033250512669962531</id><published>2015-05-20T00:33:00.002-07:00</published><updated>2015-05-20T00:33:39.240-07:00</updated><title type='text'>TUMBUHAN OBAT DARI HUTAN INDONESIA (6)</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; trbidi=&quot;on&quot;&gt;
2. RAMBUSA/ PASSIONFLOWER&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Passionflower, wild maracuja, stinking, (English),
bilaran &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;(Banjar)&lt;b&gt; rambusa(Indonesia).&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Passiflora foetida.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt; &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Passionflower atau dalam Bahasa Indonesia disebut&lt;b&gt; &lt;/b&gt;Rambusa adalah&lt;b&gt; &lt;/b&gt;tumbuhan
merambat dari famili &lt;i&gt;Passifloraceae&lt;/i&gt;
dengan nama ilmiah &lt;i&gt;Passiflora foetida&lt;/i&gt;.
Ciri-ciri fisik ber&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background: white; color: #252525; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;daun
tunggal, tangkai daun berbulu&amp;nbsp; panjangnya
antara&amp;nbsp; 1–3&amp;nbsp;cm. Daun berbentuk bulat
telur, bersegi tiga, bertepi rata atau bergigi tidak dalam, dengan ujung-ujung
meruncing, pangkal daun bentuk jantung, 3,5-13 × 4,5–14&amp;nbsp;cm&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt; Secara alami Rambusa tumbuh liar di hutan
sekunder, bekas perladangan dan kebun, buahnya yang masak berbau harum dan
dapat dimakan. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2_44W7QGWnjti8VCq5irv7rPK2uFnCq-ETGOUCicgTp_m5AgjQJ9EVt-q5H1_PArghDe-rodxKoal_lntiTo0KgBDTBmhyrfpEfGi8FDeX3S_oy4tpNjZsztKNsCFCVxvAwGWyC8ZQY4/s1600/pasiionflower.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;320&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2_44W7QGWnjti8VCq5irv7rPK2uFnCq-ETGOUCicgTp_m5AgjQJ9EVt-q5H1_PArghDe-rodxKoal_lntiTo0KgBDTBmhyrfpEfGi8FDeX3S_oy4tpNjZsztKNsCFCVxvAwGWyC8ZQY4/s320/pasiionflower.jpg&quot; width=&quot;192&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Biji diselimuti daging ( mirip markisa) yang rasanya manis asam
segar. &amp;nbsp;Daun muda biasa dimanfaatkan
sebagai sayur atau lalapan dan berkhasiat mengobati nyeri lambung dan
menurunkan tensi darah. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;






&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Dari buahnya diperkirakan mengandung Vitamin C,
lemak, Phospor dan Calsium.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://mounandar.blogspot.com/feeds/4033250512669962531/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/551558918322125559/4033250512669962531?isPopup=true' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/551558918322125559/posts/default/4033250512669962531'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/551558918322125559/posts/default/4033250512669962531'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://mounandar.blogspot.com/2015/05/tumbuhan-obat-dari-hutan-indonesia-6.html' title='TUMBUHAN OBAT DARI HUTAN INDONESIA (6)'/><author><name>Mounandar</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/12382813546669498976</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2_44W7QGWnjti8VCq5irv7rPK2uFnCq-ETGOUCicgTp_m5AgjQJ9EVt-q5H1_PArghDe-rodxKoal_lntiTo0KgBDTBmhyrfpEfGi8FDeX3S_oy4tpNjZsztKNsCFCVxvAwGWyC8ZQY4/s72-c/pasiionflower.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-551558918322125559.post-2277980588137001947</id><published>2015-05-17T23:35:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2015-05-17T23:54:50.151-07:00</updated><title type='text'>TUMBUHAN OBAT DARI HUTAN INDONESIA (5)</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; trbidi=&quot;on&quot;&gt;
2. Tumbuhan Merayap&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Winter melon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraph&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Benincasa hispida&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;,
bligo (Jawa), kundur (Banjar), winter melon (English) &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraph&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Winter melon&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;, nama Inggris untuk bligo karena buah yang
sudah tua kulitnya &amp;nbsp;diselaputi&amp;nbsp;
lilin&amp;nbsp; putih seperti&amp;nbsp; salju di musim dingin. Sejenis labu dari
famili &lt;i&gt;Cucurbitaceae&lt;/i&gt; genus &lt;i&gt;Benincasa &lt;/i&gt;ini&lt;i&gt; &lt;/i&gt;selain dimanfaatkan buahnya, ekstrak daun mudanya dikonsumsi untuk
mengobati demam dan memperbaiki napsu makan. Daging buahnya digunakan untuk
campuran minuman dingin seperti es buah dan dibuat manisan yang segar.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Buah mudanya direbus dan dimakan untuk
menurunkan panas dalam pada anak-anak. Kulit buah bligo bermanfaat untuk
melancarkan kemih dan mengobati radang ginjal. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Kandungan kimia di
dalam buah winter melon ini adalah diantaranya : karbohidrat, protein, asam
nikotinat&amp;nbsp; dan vitamin B1, B2 dan C. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg7l-lEIcyhA_GzSSNLaOCBBH3R6TtfP1mxnMSGZ1vOqwaOCRpSyMCDieyEamBdmXnn_r8D6vYsbuSG7wcGIQ7WN6GGaZBqzhKcaS_RM3o-P1rGFQSllD1NuZG-gD-qHZkWJpiGw5W4LNE/s1600/New+Picture.png&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg7l-lEIcyhA_GzSSNLaOCBBH3R6TtfP1mxnMSGZ1vOqwaOCRpSyMCDieyEamBdmXnn_r8D6vYsbuSG7wcGIQ7WN6GGaZBqzhKcaS_RM3o-P1rGFQSllD1NuZG-gD-qHZkWJpiGw5W4LNE/s1600/New+Picture.png&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
Winter melon/ Bligo (&lt;i&gt;Benincasa hispida&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Bligo yang
mempunyai nama ilmiah &lt;i&gt;Benincasa hispida&lt;/i&gt;,
seperti halnya famili mentimun lainnya tumbuh dengan baik di dataran rendah
dengan musim kering yang cukup lama. Jenis tanaman ini tidak terlalu memilih
tanah, artinya dapat tumbuh di daerah yang miskin hara bahkan dengan salinasi
yang cukup tinggi. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Penggunaan daun
bligo sebagai obat :&lt;/b&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Secara tradisional
daun yang muda ditumbuk halus ditambahkan sedikit air, diperas dan disaring
dengan penyaring kain untuk mendapatkan ekstrak&amp;nbsp;
bersih. Estrak dauan bligo diminum 2-3 sendok makan. Khasiat yang diperoleh
adalah ; menurunkan demam, melancarkan kemih, menambah stamina ( berfungsi
sebagai tonikum) dan anti racun. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Manfaat buah
sebagai obat&amp;nbsp; :&lt;/b&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Buah muda direbus
dan dimakan untuk menurunkan panas dalam dan sariawan. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Buah yang tua, dibuang bijinya&amp;nbsp;
kemudian di jus untuk mengobati diabetes.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://mounandar.blogspot.com/feeds/2277980588137001947/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/551558918322125559/2277980588137001947?isPopup=true' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/551558918322125559/posts/default/2277980588137001947'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/551558918322125559/posts/default/2277980588137001947'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://mounandar.blogspot.com/2015/05/tumbuhan-obat-dari-hutan-indonesia-5.html' title='TUMBUHAN OBAT DARI HUTAN INDONESIA (5)'/><author><name>Mounandar</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/12382813546669498976</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg7l-lEIcyhA_GzSSNLaOCBBH3R6TtfP1mxnMSGZ1vOqwaOCRpSyMCDieyEamBdmXnn_r8D6vYsbuSG7wcGIQ7WN6GGaZBqzhKcaS_RM3o-P1rGFQSllD1NuZG-gD-qHZkWJpiGw5W4LNE/s72-c/New+Picture.png" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-551558918322125559.post-7187910349587704257</id><published>2015-05-12T22:34:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2015-05-12T22:34:17.702-07:00</updated><title type='text'>TUMBUHAN OBAT DARI HUTAN INDONESIA (4)</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; trbidi=&quot;on&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraph&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;1 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;GELINGGANG&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Cassia alata.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;gulinggang
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;(Banjar),&lt;/b&gt; &lt;b&gt;ketepeng (Jawa), gelinggang (Indonesia)&lt;/b&gt;. &lt;b&gt;Ringworm weed (English), dadmari ( Hindi)&lt;/b&gt; &lt;b&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Adalah
pohon dari famili &lt;i&gt;Leguminoceae&lt;/i&gt; yang
mempunyai &amp;nbsp;nama ilmiah &lt;i&gt;Cassia alata &lt;/i&gt;L&lt;i&gt;.&lt;/i&gt;Tinggi pohon mulai dari 2,3 meter sampai dengan 5 meter&lt;i&gt;. &lt;/i&gt;Seperti umumnya famili Leguminoceae,
daun gelinggang adalah majemuk dan lebat. Daun gelinggang&amp;nbsp; secara tradisional dimanfaatkan oleh
masyarakat sekitar hutan untuk mengobati &amp;nbsp;penyalit kulit. Penyebaran pohon ini sangat
luas mulai dari&amp;nbsp; West Bengal, Asia
Tenggara termasuk Indonesia dan Malaysia. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Khasiat obat yang lain dari gelinggang ini diantaranya
adalah ; daunnya dapat digunakan sebagai antiparasitic, mengobati asthma, mengobati
gatal karena racun ulat bulu dan gigitan serangga.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://mounandar.blogspot.com/feeds/7187910349587704257/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/551558918322125559/7187910349587704257?isPopup=true' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/551558918322125559/posts/default/7187910349587704257'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/551558918322125559/posts/default/7187910349587704257'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://mounandar.blogspot.com/2015/05/tumbuhan-obat-dari-hutan-indonesia-4.html' title='TUMBUHAN OBAT DARI HUTAN INDONESIA (4)'/><author><name>Mounandar</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/12382813546669498976</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-551558918322125559.post-6302376696438788835</id><published>2015-05-07T18:13:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2015-05-07T18:16:09.388-07:00</updated><title type='text'>TUMBUHAN OBAT DARI HUTAN INDONESIA (3)</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; trbidi=&quot;on&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;5.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;KEDAUNG&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Parkia roxbughii&lt;/i&gt;,&amp;nbsp;
kupang (Banjar), kedaung (Indonesia, Jawa), kedhawung (English). &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Pohon dari famili &lt;i&gt;Leguminoseae&lt;/i&gt; ini mempunyai &amp;nbsp;nama ilmiah &lt;i&gt;Parkia roxbughii&lt;/i&gt;. Masyarakat lokal di Kalimantan memanfaatkan biji
kedaung sebagai obat. Biji yang kering digoreng sampai hangus dan dimakan untuk
mengobati diare dan kembung. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #252525; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;Selain biji bagian lain dari pohon ini yang
berkhasiat obat &amp;nbsp;diantaranya adalah&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; kulit, daun dan akarnya. &lt;/span&gt;Khasiat
utama yang paling dirasakan adalah sebagai anti bakteri.Secara tradisinonal
dalam arti tanpa kajian mendalam tentang kandungan kimianya, biji kedaung ini
digunakan dalam pengobatan infeksi dan gangguan perut. Akhir-akhir ini industri
jamu banyak memanfaatkan biji kedaung sebagai salah satu bahan baku yang cukup
penting. (bersambung)...&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://mounandar.blogspot.com/feeds/6302376696438788835/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/551558918322125559/6302376696438788835?isPopup=true' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/551558918322125559/posts/default/6302376696438788835'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/551558918322125559/posts/default/6302376696438788835'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://mounandar.blogspot.com/2015/05/tumbuhan-obat-dari-hutan-indonesia-3.html' title='TUMBUHAN OBAT DARI HUTAN INDONESIA (3)'/><author><name>Mounandar</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/12382813546669498976</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-551558918322125559.post-2826867602598321780</id><published>2015-05-06T19:31:00.001-07:00</published><updated>2015-05-06T19:32:15.989-07:00</updated><title type='text'>TUMBUHAN OBAT DARI HUTAN INDONESIA (2)</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; trbidi=&quot;on&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraph&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;3.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;BANGKAL&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Nauclea
subdita.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt; Merr , bangkal (Banjr), bangkal (Indonesia),bulubangkal
(English)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Pohon dari famili &lt;i&gt;Rubiaceae&lt;/i&gt;, dengan nama ilmiah &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Nauclea subdita.&lt;/i&gt; Merr. &lt;/b&gt;Habitat alami
pohon ini adalah &amp;nbsp;di hutan dataran rendah,
hutan yang terganggu, hutan rawa, tepi sungai dan hutan pegunungan sampai
ketinggian 700 meter diatas permukaan laut. Daunnya dimanfaatkan masyarakat sekitar hutan untuk obat sakit perut, bagian kulit kayunya digunakan sebagai bahan bedak atau masker pemutih wajah. Di Kalimantan Selatan &amp;nbsp;kulit kayu ini diusahakan dalam skala industri kecil dan dikenal dipasar dengan merk &quot;Bedak Limpasu&quot;. &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;b style=&quot;text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal; line-height: 18.3999996185303px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;4.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;PULAI&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Alstonia
scholaris&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt; pulai, pulantan&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;(Banjar ), pulai ( Indonesia), pule&lt;/b&gt;
&lt;b&gt;(Jawa)&lt;/b&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;white
cheesewood , birrba,milkwood pine,milk wood,milky pine,black board tree,devil&#39;s
tree,dita bark (Eglish)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Pohon dari famili Apocynaceae dengan nama botani&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 16px;&quot;&gt;Alstonia scholaris&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 16px;&quot;&gt;. tergolong pohon besar dengan tinggi dapat mencapai 40 m. Seperti umumnya keluarga&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;Apocynaceae, pulai bergetah putih.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;Masyarakat pedalaman Kalimantan menggunakan getah ini untuk obat malaria&amp;nbsp; dengan cara meminumnya satu sendok teh sebelum tidur.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #252525; font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;Kulitnya digunakan untuk bahan baku obat. berkhasiat untuk mengobati penyakit radang tenggorokan dan lain-lain.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: #252525; font-family: Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;Suku Aborigin Australia &amp;nbsp;biasa menggunakan kulit kayu pulai untuk mengobati sakit perut dan menurunkan demam, sedangkan getahnya digunakan untuk mengobati sakit gigi.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
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