Free Expression From Angomcha Chingkhei Meitei

Born to freedom

2017-12-22T00:27:00.005+05:30

A poem
-->

Born to freedom

In a biggest democracy

I am advised

To mind my expression.

In an independent country

I am advised

To carry my identity card

In a multi language country

I am advised

To speak mainland language

In a land of multiple mahatamas

I am advised

To understand the meaning of freedom

Different names of "Ema Leimarel Sedabi"

2014-12-20T17:12:00.002+05:30

Ema Leimarel Sedabi has different names such as:

(i) Ereima (Goddess of water),

(ii) Hikubi-Yaikubi (Goddess of wealth),

(iii) Ngareima (Goddess of fish),

(iv) Phouoibi-Lairembi (Goddess of grain),

(v) Pithai-Khongdaibi (Mother Goddess)

(vi) Silreima (Goddess of Occupation) and

(vii) Thumleima (Goddess of salt) etc.

-->

Modern Naga and Kuki groups of Manipur

2014-12-14T14:16:00.001+05:30

Modern Naga and Kuki groups of Manipur

   Naga Groups                                Kuki Groups
1. Aimol                                          1. Any Kuki
2. Anal                                            2. Any Mizo (Any Lushai)
3. Angami                                      3. Gangte
4. Chiru                                         4. Hmar
5. Chothe                                        5. Mate
6. Inpui                                           6. Paite
7. Kabui                                          7. Ralte
8. Kach Naga                               8. Simte
9. Kharam                                      9. Sukte
10. Koirao                                   10. Thadou
11. Koireng                                    11. Vaiphei
12. Kom                                        12. Zou
13. Lamkang (Lamgang)
14. Liangmei
15. Maram
16. Mao
17. Maring
18. Monsang
19. Moyon
20. Poumai
21. Purum
22. Rongmei
23. Sema
24. Tangkhul
25. Tarao
26. Thangal
27. Zemei

-->

Old Kukis and New Kukis

2014-12-14T14:01:00.001+05:30

Old Kukis and New Kukis
Scheduled Tribes (STs)                       Remarks
1. Aimol                                            Old Kuki
2. Anal                                              Old Kuki
3. Chiru                                             Old Kuki
4. Chothe                                          Old Kuki
5. Gangte                                        New Kuki
6. Hmar                                            New Kuki
7. Koirao                                          Old Kuki
8. Koireng                                       Old Kuki
9. Kom                                            Old Kuki
10. Lamgang (Lamkang)                   Old Kuki
11. Lushai                                        New Kuki
12. Maring                                       Old Kuki
13. Monsang                                    Old Kuki
14. Moyon                                      Old Kuki
15. Paite                                          New Kuki
16. Purum                                       Old Kuki
17. Ralte                                         Old Kuki
18. Simte                                         New Kuki
19. Sukte                                         New Kuki
20. Thadou                                      New Kuki
21. Vaiphei                                      New Kuki
22. Zou                                           New Kuki

-->

Umanglais of Manipur

2014-05-26T13:43:00.001+05:30

Umanglais
A
1.    Aarapati Puriromba
2.    Achanbigei Marjing
3.    Ahallup Marjing
4.    Ahanthem Sanamahi
5.    Akham Khamlangba
6.    Andro Panam Ningthou
7.    Andro Purieromba
8.    Angom Pokpa
9.    Angom Yumjao Leima
10.    Arapati Eereima
11.    Arong Phouoibi
12.    Athokpam Arong Ningthou
13.    Atom Khuman Pakhangba Ningthou Pokpa
14.    Awang Jiri kabok Khong Lairemma
15.    Awang Khunou Koubru
16.    Awang Potsangbam Koubru
17.    Awang Sekmai Koubru
18.    Awang Yumnam Khunou Puthiba

B
1. Bamon Kampu Pureiromba

C
1.    Chabung Company Wangbrel
2.    Chairen Khunbu Leima Khunmabi Panthoibi Tangkhul Huithok Pakhangba
3.    Chajing Lakpa
4.    Chajing Mairelkhong Puthiba
5.    Chandrakhong Nongpok, Sawang Lallam Phoriba
6.    Chandrakhong Yenkhurakpa
7.    Changangei Khuromba
8.    Charangpat Mamang Arong Ningthou
9.    Charangpat Maning Nongpok Ningthou
10.    Charangpat Mayai Nongpok
11.    Chinga Makha Eerom Yumjao Leima
12.    Chinga Makha Meisnam Luwangpokpa
13.    Chingnga Makha Soram Yumjao Lairemma
14.    Chingtham Khongjom Ningthou
15.    Chothe Thangwai Pakhangba
16.    Churachandpur Makha Khuman Pokpa

E
1.    Eengourok Nongpok Ningthou
2.    Eeram Siphai Ngangourakpa
3.    Eerengpal Eerum Ningthou
4.    Eethai Phouoibi
5.    Eething Thangjing
6.    Elangbam Khangpokpi Pungamba
7.    Elangbam Pangganba
8.    Elangbam Pangganba

G
1. Gobindagram Puthiba

H
1. Hangun Kalikha
2. Haobijam Chairel–Lakpa
3. Haoga Sorarel
4. Haorang Keirel Koubru
5. Haorang Sabal Koubru
6. Haoreibi Pakhangba
7. Heibongpokpi Koubru
8. Heikrujam Loiyarakpa
9. Heikrujam Mamang Loiyarakpa
10. Heikrujam Mamng Khuman Pokpa
11. Heingang Marjing
12. Heinoukhongnembi Laishram Lairemma
13. Heinoupok Loiyarakpa
14. Heirok Ikop Ningthou
15. Heisnam Chingningthou
16. Heisnam Panthoibi
17. Heiyen Ikop Ningthou
18. Hemam Pakhangba
19. Hiyanglam Panganba
20. Hiyangthang Lairemma
21. Huirem Chingbal Leima

I
1. Irengbam Khoriphaba
2. Irengbam Nameirakpam Khubomba
3. Iroisemba Thongamacha
4. Ishok Chingphu Ningthou

K
1. Kabo Wakching Nongabi
2. Kabowakching Loyarakpa
3. Kairang Marjing
4. Kakching Khoriphaba
5. Kakching Khullen Eerum Ningthou
6. Kakching Khullen Khamlangba
7. Kakching Khullen Naohal
8. Kakching Khullen Sekmai Ningthou
9. Kakmayai Panthoibi
10. Kakwa Naorem Panthoibi
11. Kangabam Yumjao Leima
12. Kangamung Khujoi Loiyarakpa
13. Kangamung Siphai Loiyalakpa
14. Kangngamung Maisnam Loiyarakpa
15. Kanto Khullel Koubru
16. Kanto Khunou Koubru
17. Kaodrukna Koubru
18. Karam Nongsaba
19. Keibi Ireima
20. Keinou Ahongshangbam Lairemma
21. Keinou Khulleima
22. Keinou Thongthak Koubru
23. Keirak Sekmai Ningthou
24. Keirao Lakpa
25. Keirao Langdum Keirao Lakpa
26. Keishampat Yumjao Leima
27. Kekru Nongpok Panthoibi
28. Kha Loulembam Panthoibi
29. Kha Potsangbam Panganba
30. Kha Thounaojam Panthoibi
31. Kha Yumnam Khunou Loiyarakpa
32. Khabi Lairembi
33. Khagi Maibi Yumpham
34. Khaidem Loyarakpa
35. Khaidem Nganuleima
36. Khaman Pakhangba
37. Khangabok Eekop Ningthou
38. Khangkhui
39. Kha–Potsangbam Pungaba
40. Khekman Leikarakpa
41. Khekman Pakhangba
42. Khekman Wangbren
43. Khoijuman Yangoi Ninghtou
44. Khoirom Nongpok Ningthou
45. Khonghampat Koubru
46. Khonghampat Luwangpokpa
47. Khongjom Ningthou
48. Khothong Pakhangba
49. Khoyangbam Ayangleima
50. Khuman Maharaba
51. Khumbong Panthoibi
52. Khundrakpam Marjing
53. Khundrakpam Pangganba
54. Khurai Angouba
55. Khurai Konsam Leikai Chingjroibi
56. Khurai Lai Awangba
57. Khurai Lai Khurembi Khurai Mamang Yangoi Ningthou
58. Khurai Ningthem Pokpa
59. Khurai Puthiba
60. Khurai Soubon Lairemma
61. Khurai Thareima
62. Khurkhul Ichum Lairemma
63. Khwai Lainingthouhanba
64. Kiyam U Ningthou
65. Kiyamkei Pakhangba
66. Kodompokpi Khoriphaba
67. Kodompokpi Sorarel
68. Koirengei Pakhangba
69. Khuman Pokpa
70. Kondong Lairemma
71. Kongamung Tongbram Loiyarakpa
72. Kongmaru Konglouton Loukhiba
73. Kongpal Langmei Leima
74. Kongpal Puri Puraba
75. Kongpal Uraleima Ningthou
76. Konjengbam Lairemma
77. Konjengbam Sorarel
78. Kontha Marjing
79. Konthoujam Lairemma
80. Koubru Inammung, Chandeba, Khongdeba
81. Kum–phi San–thong Nonghtou
82. Kwarokching Tarang Saraba
83. Kwasiphai Pakhangba
84. Kyamgei Khagemba
85. Kyamgei Mungyamba Pakhangba

L
1. Laiphrakpam Khana–chaoba
2. Lairen Kabi Koubru
3. Lairen Sajik Koubru
4. Lairenjam Khoriphaba.
5. Lairenjam Lairemma
6. Lairenjam Lairemma
7. Laisangbam nongsaba
8. Laishram Eereima
9. Lamabam Irongleima
10. Lamangdong Yangoi Ningthou
11. Lambal Koubru
12. Lamboikhul Eereima
13. Lamdeng Laikhurembi
14. Lamdeng Makha Mayangngamba
15. Lamdeng Poireton Laikhurembi Leima Leinaotabi
16. Lamdeng Thumkhong Lairemma
17. Lamding Wangjing Ningthou
18. Lamlai Pureiromba
19. Lamsang Eeshing Chaiba
20. Langmeidong Pakhangba
21. Langmeidong Pakhangba
22. Langmeithet Panthoibi
23. Langol Kameng Koubru
24. Langol Ningthou
25. Langpok Ningthou
26. Laphupat Kalika
27. Leimapokpam Khunpham Sebu Leima
28. Leimapokpam Siphai Thangjing
29. Leimatak Pakhangba Hidel Pakhangba
30. Leimram Koubru
31. Leishangthem Lairemma
32. Loitang Khunou Koubru
33. Loktonbam Aria Leima
34. Lourembam Lairemma
35. Luker Khoimom Lairemma
36. Luwang Guru Sangol

M
1. Maibakhul Marjing
2. Maibam Lokpaching Loyarakpa
3. Maibam Tampak Lainingthou
4. Mairembam Leikoi Ningthou
5. Maklang NungthilLeima
6. Malom Khunjaoba
7. Mayan Langjing Mamang Koubru
8. Mayang Imphal Khuman Pokpa
9. Mayang Langjing Maning Koubru
10. Mayang Yaoreibi
11. Meijrao Lakpa
12. Meinam Lairemma
13. Meitram Shebu Leima
14. Moirang Punshi Lairemma
15. Moirang Thangjing
16. Moirangthem Thangjing
17. Moitangpok Korouhanba
18. Morok Ingkhol Koubru
19. Mutum Phiphou Eerong Leima

N
1.    Nachou Sorarel
2.    Naharup Pureiromba
3.    Naharup Terapur Ireima
4.    Nakalbam Chingol Ningthou
5.    Nambol Khoriphaba
6.    Nambol Konkham Loiyarakpa
7.    Naorem Panthoibi
8.    Naran Konjin Koubru
9.    Ngaikhong Yangoi Ningthou
10.    Ngairangbam Khunou Loiyarakpa
11.    Ngairangbam Loiyarakpa
12.    Ngakchou Pokpi Yangoi Ningthou
13.    Ngangkha Lawai Thangjing
14.    Ngariyanbam Koubru
15.    Ningel Nongpok Ningthou
16.    Ningngu Laimanai
17.    Ningol Phouoibi Lokchao Thanungba
18.    Ningombam Shang Shang Ningthou
19.    Ningthoubung Puraba
20.    Ningthoukhong Oknarel
21.    Ningthoukhong Thangnarel
22.    Nongchup Sanjenbam Koubru
23.    Nongmaijing Nongpok Apanba Khalongnachingba Laipham
24.    Nongpok Kameng Khamlangba
25.    Nongpok Lourembam Arong Ningthou
26.    Nung Santhong, Pan Santhong Nung Yungbi
27.    Nunggoi Panthoibi
28.    Nungu Lokninghtou

O
1.    Oinam Laipham Eereima
2.    Oinam Nongsaba
3.    Oinam Swombung Ireima
4.    Oinam Tangleihada Eereima
5.    Oinam Thingel Eereima

P
1.    Panam Khul Loyarakpa
2.    Pangal Siphai Nungthelleima
3.    Pangei Marjing
4.    Paonam Eeshing Chaiba
5.    Patpal Eerum Ningthou
6.    Patsoi Khujao panthoibi
7.    Patsoi Khunou Nongkabi
8.    Patsoi Nongabi
9.    Patsoi Taomang Naothingkhong
10.    Pechi Arong Ningthou Ikop Ningthou
11.    Penggi Arong Ningthou
12.    Phairelbam Loklaoleima
13.    Phaknung Chingkhei Guru
14.    Phayeng Koubru
15.    Phayeng Sawang Soraren
16.    Philem Khoriphaba
17.    Phoijing Chaning Leima
18.    Phouden Nongpok Ningthou
19.    Phouden Pakhangba
20.    Phougakchao Phouoibi
21.    Phubala Pakhangba
22.    Phumlou Keioroi Koubru
23.    Phumlou Siphai Koubru
24.    Pishum Huidrom Yumjao Leima
25.    Pombikhok Louningthou
26.    Potsangbam Thouriphi Koubru
27.    Pourabi Puthiba
28.    Project Mapal Pakhangba
29.    Pukhao Ahallup Eereima
30.    Pukhao Khabam Ireima
31.    Pukhao Khabam Ireima
32.    Pukhao naharup Ireima
33.    Pukhrambam Panthoibi
34.    Pungdongbam Panthoibi

S
1.    Sa–chep Ching–Khoi Puri–Pu–ra–ba
2.    Sagang Santhong Ningthou
3.    Sagolband Pakhangba
4.    Sagolmang Eereima
5.    Sairem Khul Koubru
6.    Salam Sorarel, sanahal
7.    Salungpham Nongpok Ningthou
8.    Samram Khongjom Ningthou
9.    Sanjenbam Koubru
10.    Sansenbam Panthoibi
11.    Sapam Salai Khongjom Ningthou
12.    Sarangthem Lairemma
13.    Satpam Khongjom Ningthou
14.    Sekmai Wangbren
15.    Sekta Lainingthou Achengba
16.    Shagol Tongba Pakhangba
17.    Shagoltongba Suraisam Khagemba
18.    Shagomang Ireima
19.    Shalungpham Eekop Ningthou
20.    Shamuroulakpa
21.    Shamuroulakpa Khwai Ningthou
22.    Shamuroulakpa Leitang Ningthou
23.    Sinam Kom Lainingthou
24.    Sorokhaibam Phouoibi
25.    Soubal Lairemma
26.    Soubam Mawao Leima
27.    Sugnu Lokningthou
28.    Sugnu Sanamahi
29.    Sugnu Wangbrel

T
1.    Tairenpokpi Koubru
2.    Takhel Nongpok Ningthou
3.    Tangjeng Lokningthou
4.    Tangkham Khuleima
5.    Taobungkhok Loiyarakpa
6.    Taothong Koubru
7.    Tarung Leima
8.    Tekcham Eekop Ningthou
9.    Tentha Eekop Ningthou
10.    Tentha Khunou Ikop Ningthou
11.    Tera Khunou Ikop Ningthou
12.    Tera Urak Koubru
13.    Thamnapokpi Thangjing
14.    Thanga Chingningthou
15.    Thangbijrou Thangba
16.    Thangmeiband Kangbam Naothingkhong
17.    Thangtek Yangoi Ningthou
18.    Tharoijam Yumajao Leima
19.    Thinungei Ramji Ningthou
20.    Thinunggei Loyarakpa
21.    Thiyam Konjin Phunam Ningthou
22.    Thiyam Laikon Pakhangba
23.    Thokchom Arong ningthou
24.    Thongak Lairemma Langol
25.    Thongam Mondum Khulleima
26.    Thongam Mondum Nungang Maharaba
27.    Thongam Pungamba
28.    Thongjao Mayangamba
29.    Thong–ngam Thongang Ningthou
30.    Thoubal Nonggangkhong Thoubal Ningthou
31.    Thoubal Sabal Tongba Thoubal Ningthou
32.    Thoubal Yangoi Ningthou
33.    Thouban Ningombam Thoubal
34.    Thoudam Eerong Leima
35.    Thounaojam Panthoibi
36.    Tingri Marjing
37.    Tongbram Lairema
38.    Top Chingtha Lanamung
39.    Top Langmai Leima
40.    Top Langmei Leima

U
1.    Uchekkol Moriba
2.    Uchekon Panthoibi
3.    U–khong–sang Nongpok
4.    Upokpi Sorarel
5.    Uripok Khamlangba
6.    Uripok Laikhurembi
7.    Uripok Yuremabam Huidom Pokpi
8.    Utlou Panthoibi
9.    U–yal A–rong–Ningthou

W
1.    Wabagai Pakhangba
2.    Waheng Khumal Pakhangba
3.    Wahengbam Yumajao Leima
4.    Wairi Khamlangba
5.    Waithou Puthiba
6.    Wakharakpa
7.    Wamnkheirakpa Yumjao Lairemma
8.    Wangbal Eekop Ningthou
9.    Wangjing Ningthou
10.    Wangkhei Laishram Eereima
11.    Wangoi Sanamahi
12.    Wangoi Wangbrel
13.    Wangu Wangbrel
14.    Waroi Ching Malang Humoiba

Y
1.    Yaingang Pokpi Haoreima Sambubi
2.    Yairipok Nongpok Panthoibi
3.    Yaiskul Nongsaba
4.    Yambem Yairi Ningthou
5.    Yumnam Yumjao Lairembi
6.    Yurembam Huidon Pokpi
7.    Yurembam Unam Sorarel

* with input from Otojit Kshetrimayum [from his book Ritual, Politics and Power in North East India: Contexualising the Lai Haraoba of Manipur]

Map of Manipur (Manipoor) in 1822 and 1856

2014-03-18T19:06:00.004+05:30

Map: Manipur (Manipoor) in 1822 and 1856.

Source: The Court of Ava in 1855: By - Captain Henry Yule, 1858

Map of Manipur (Manipoor) in 1500 – 1580.

2014-03-18T18:55:00.001+05:30

Map: Manipur (Manipoor) in 1500 – 1580.
Source: The Court of Ava in 1855: By - Captain Henry Yule, 1858

-->

Map of The Boundary of Past Manipur

2014-03-18T18:46:00.004+05:30

Map: The Boundary of Past Manipur

Source: The Souvenir of All Manipur Student’s Union, 19 July, 1999, Page No. 25

Map of North Eastern part of the Indian Empire, 1893

2014-03-18T18:19:00.001+05:30

Map: North Eastern part of the Indian Empire, 1893.

Source: Constable’s Hand Atlas of India, London: Archibald Constable and Sons, 1893

-->

Map of Manipur in 1870 AD

2014-03-18T18:02:00.003+05:30

Map of Manipur in 1870 AD.

Source: Blackie & Son, Glasgow, Edinburgh & London, 1871

-->

Map of Manipur in 1840 AD.

2014-03-18T17:51:00.002+05:30

Map: Manipur in 1840 AD.
Source: Surveyor General’s Office, Calcutta, 1844

Settlement of Boundary between Manipur and Angami, 1841 - 42

2014-02-22T01:34:00.002+05:30

Settlement of Boundary between Manipur and Angami, 1841 - 42

The boundary between the Angamis and Manipur was to be finally settled to prevent irritation on that side, and a road was to be opened to Sammoogoodting from the plains. A nominal tribute was to be taken from the Nagas as soon as they could be brought to consent to its payment. To arrange the boundary, Lieutenant Biggs marched across the hills in the cold weather of 1841-42. It was decided, in conference with Captain Gordon, Political Agent at Manipur that “Commencing from the upper part of the Jeeree River, the western frontier of Manipur, the line of boundary formed (i) by the Dootighur Mountain, or that range of hills in which the Mookroo River takes its rise, east on to the Barak River; (ii) by the Barak River up to where it is joined by the Toyphani River which flows along the eastern line of the Popolongmai Hill; (3) by the Toyphani River up to its source on the Burrail range of Mountains; and (4) by the summit or water-pent of the Burrail range on to the source of the Mow River flowing north from that point towards Assam, was the best boundary between Manipur and the Angami country. Firstly, because the Angami Naga and all the inferior tribes subject to their influence occupy the mountainous part north of the boundary here given, and have together been the perpetrators of all the acts of aggression which have been committed of late years both in Cachar and Manipur.

Secondly because along the western portion of the boundary here proposed, the whole of the villages south of it, which were before near this frontier, having been from time to time destroyed by the tribes from the north, and their inhabitants obliged for protection to locate themselves further south a considerable tract of mountainous country in this direction is completely deserted. Thirdly because along the portion of the boundary here proposed to the east of Popolongmai the Angamis tribes are separated from the Nagas of Manipur by a lofty range of mountains across which little, if any, communication takes place. Fourthly because the Manipur Government not having at present any control or authority over the villages to the north, and the Angamis not possession any influence over those to the south of this proposed boundary throughout its whole extent, its adoption would not disjoin connected tribes on separate any village from a jurisdiction to which it has been long attached, as would be the case where any portion of the country north of the line suggested made over to the Manipur Government’s.

-->

Ningthee Agreement, 1834, Transfer of Kabaw Valley

2014-02-22T01:31:00.002+05:30

Ningthee Agreement, 1834, Transfer of Kabaw Valley

1^st : The British Commissioners, Major Grant and Captain Pemberton under instructions from the Right Honourable, the Governor General in Council, agree to make over to the Woandauk Maha Mingyan Rajah and Tsarudanieks MyookyantHou, Commissioners appointed by the King of Ava, the Town of Tummo, Khumbab, Surjail and all other villages in the Kubo Valley, Ungoching Hills and the strip of valley running between the eastern foot and the western bank of the Ningthi Khyendwin river.

2^nd : The British Commissioners will withdraw the Munnipooree Thannas now stationed within this tract of the country, and make over immediate possession of it to the Burmese Commissioners on certain conditions.

3^rd : The conditions are that they will agree to the boundaries which may be pointed out to them by the British Commissioners, and will respect and refrain from any interference, direct or indirect, with the people residing on the Munnipooree side of those boundaries.

4^th : The boundaries are as follows. The eastern foot of the chain of mountains which rise immediately from the western side of the plain of the Kubo Valley. Within this line is included Moreh and all the country to the westward of it.

On the south, a line extending from the eastern foot of the same hills at the point where the river, called by the Burmahs Nansawing, and by the Munnipoorees Numsanlung, enters the plain, up to the sources and across the hills due west down to the Kethe-Khyaung.

On the north, the line of boundary will begin at the foot of the same hills at the northern extremity of the Kubo Valley, and pass due north up to the first range of hills, east of that upon which stand the villages of Chaotao, Noanghue, Noanghur of the tribe called by the Munnipoorees Loohooppa, and by the Burmahs Lagumsauny, now tributary to Munnipoor.

The Burmese commissioners hereby promise that they will give orders to the Burmese officers, who will remain in charge of the territory now made over to them, not in any way to interfere with the Khyens or other inhabitants living on the Munnipoor side of the lines of boundary above described, and the British Commissioners also promise that the Munnipoorees shall be ordered not in any way to interfere with the Khyens or other inhabitants of any description living on the Burmah side of the boundaries now fixed.

Sunnyachil Ghat, Ningthee, January 9, 1834

Langthabal Agreement, 1834

Compensation for Kabaw Valley

Major Grant and Captain Pemberton, under instructions from the Right Honourable the Governor General in Council having made over the Kubo Valley to the Burmese Commissioners deputed from Ava are authorized to state.

1^st : That it is the intension of the Supreme Government to grant a monthly stipend of five hundred sicca Rupees to the Rajah of Munnipoore, to commence from the ninth day of January, One Thousand Eight Hundred and Thirty Four, the date of which the transfer of Kubo took place, as shown in the Agreement mutually signed by the British Commissioners.

2^nd : It is to be distinctly understood that should and circumstances hereafter arise by which the portion of territory lately made over to Ava again reverts to Munnipore, the allowance now granted by the British Government will cease from the date of such reversion.

Sd/-

F.J. Grant, Major

Sd/-

R.B. Pemberton, Captain

Langthabal, Mannipoore

January 25, 1834

Anglo-Manipur Treaty, 1833

2014-02-22T01:28:00.004+05:30

Agreement between Rajah Gumbheer Singh and Commissioner F.J. Grant.

The Governor General and Supreme Council of Hindoosthan declare as follows:-

With regard to the two ranges of Hills, the one called the Kalanaga Range, and the other called Noonjai Range, and the western bend of the Barak, we will give up all claim on the part of the Honourable Company thereunto and we will make these hills over in possession to the Rajah and give him the line of the Jeeree and the western bend of the Barak as a boundary, provided that the Rajah agrees to the whole of what in written in this paper, which is as follows:-

1^st : The Rajah will agreeably to instruction received, without delay, remove his thanna from Chandrapore and establish it on the eastern bank of the Jeeree.

2^nd : The Rajah will in no way obstruct the trade carried on between the two countries by Bengali or Munnipooree merchants. He will exact heavy duties, and he will make a monopoly of no articles of merchandise whatsoever.

3^rd : The Rajah will in no way prevent the Naga inhabiting the Kalanaga and Noon jai Ranges of Hills from selling or bartering ginger, cotton, pepper and every other article, the produce of their country in the plains of Cachar, at the Banskandee and Oodharban bazars, as has been their custom.

4^th : With regard to the road commencing from the eastern bank of Jeeree and continued via Kalanaga and Kowpoom, as far as the valley of Munnipore after this road has been finished, the Rajah will keep it in repairs so as to enable laden bullocks to pass during the cold and dry seasons. Further, at the making of the road, if British officers be sent to examine as superintend the same the Rajah will agree to everything these officers may suggest.

5^th : With reference to the intercourse already existing between the territories of the British Government and those of the Rajah, if the intercourse be further extended, it will be well in every respect and it will be highly advantageous to both the Rajah and his country. In order, therefore that this may speedily take place, the Rajah, at the requisition of the British Government, will furnish a quota of Nagas to assist at the construction of the road.

6^th: In the event of war with the Burmese, if troops be sent to Munnipore either to protect that country as to advance beyond the Ningthee, the Rajah, at the requisition of the British Government, will provide Hill porters to assist in transporting the ammunition and baggage of such troops.

7th: The Rajah will be answerable for all the ammunition he receives from the British Government, and will, for the information of the British Government, give in every month a statement of expenditure to the British Officer attached to the Levy.

I, Shree Joot Gumbheer Singh of Munnipore, agree to all that is written above in this paper sent by the Supreme Council.

Sd/-

Geo. Gordon, Lieut.

Adjutant, Gumbheer Singh’s Levy

Sd/-

Shree Joot Rajah

Gumbheer Singh

Sd/-

F.J. Grant

Commissioner

-->

The Yandaboo Treaty, February 24, 1826

2014-02-22T01:21:00.001+05:30

The Yandaboo Treaty, February 24, 1826

Treaty of Peace between East India Company and the King of Ava, settled by Major General Sir Archibald Campbells and Senior Commissioner in Pegu and Ava.

Article No. 1
There shall be perpetual peace and friendship between the Honourable Company on the one part and His Majesty the King of Ava on the other.

Article No. 2
His Majesty the King of Ava renounces all claims upon and will abstain from all future interference with the principality of Assam and its dependencies, and also with the contiguous petty states of Cachar and Jyntea. With regard to Manipur, it is stipulated that should Gumbheer Singh desire to return that country, he shall be recognized by the King of Ava as Rajah thereof.

Sd/-

Largeen Meonja

(Woong bee)

Sd/-

Archibald Campbell

Sd/-

Swagum Woon

Atawoon

Sd/-

(T.C. Robertson)

Captain Royal Navy

Sd/-

(Hy. D. Chads)

Captain Royal Navy

-->

Proclamation of Maharaj Bodhachandra Singh on the First State Assembly on October 18, 1948

2014-02-22T01:11:00.000+05:30

Proclamation of Maharaj Bodhachandra Singh about Historical Background on the eve of Inauguration of First Manipur State Assembly on October 18, 1948.

Historical Background

“To begin with, I feel a sudden emotion in my heart-I mean the sweet reminiscences of the past history of Manipur. Let the patriots fight for today. I will see that yesterday shines once more before the people, ignorant of the beauty yesterday. I am sure, a look back to the history of our land will at once inspire your mind towards greater and noble deeds to prove your worth as worthy sons of worthy fathers”.

Read her political history from 24 A.D. She had her dominion over a wide area extending as far as the southern portion of China in the north, the gold mines in the Sibasagar valley, the river Chindwin in the east and south, and Chandrapore (Cachar) in the west. Her present area is 8.650 square miles plus 7,000 square miles of the Kabaw valley, including 7,900 square miles of the hills. Read the war operations of Maharajah Garibaniwaza in 171 l, which shows how far the spirit of heroism and independence ran rampant in the veins of our forefather. Read the Treaty of Maharaja Gourashyam and Mr. Verelst of the East India Company at Chittagong on the 14th September, 1762, which shows the vast wealth and economic status of Manipur. Read the Treaty of Yandaboo, dated the 9th January, 1834 ratified between Maharaja Gambhir Singh and the Company. This treaty left for us a good heritage, namely the Kabaw Valley of 7,000 square miles for which we now get from Burma Rs. 6,270 as annual tribute which according to the spirit of the terms of the Agreement, will cease when the area is reverted to our State. Maharaja Gambhir Singh died of disappointment for this loss of territory under duress. Sreejut Nara Singh’s role in redeeming Manipur from Burma, when she was devastated and dismembered for 7 years was very great. Manipur was thus, by reason of her vast territories and economic resources, self-supporting as a self-contained unit. Her sphere of influence and mercantile activities was very wide. During the British rule, foreign goods have a dulling effect to the indigenous products by dumping operations. Now is the best time to revive all these vanquished industries. Attempts are now being made to recover the losses of territories as in Cachar under duress.

Unity of Hill And Valley

All these times when Manipur was in the height of her power, Hill and Valley were one; and this oneness defended Manipur against all invasions and thus, she could maintain her independence upto 1891, when the rest of India had already been conquered by the British. British conquest of this land resulted from the slackened unity between the Valley and Hills. Now, since the withdrawal of British paramountcy after 56 years’ rule, we have reinforced the union of Hill and Valley; and best opportunities have reached us in order to work hand-in-hand towards achieving the common object of progress and national prosperity. The relation has become one of complete understanding and active sympathy and it must be so, for Manipur is one and the hopes and aspirations of Hill and Valley are identical.

-->

The Manipur Merger Agreement

2014-02-22T01:02:00.000+05:30

The Manipur Merger Agreement

Agreement made this twenty first day of September 1949 between the Governor General of India and His Highness the Maharaja of Manipur. Whereas in the best interests of the State of Manipur as well as of the Dominion of India it is desirable to provide for the administration of the said State by or under the authority of the Dominion Government:

It is hereby agreed as follows:-

Article I

His Highness the Maharaja of Manipur hereby cedes to the Dominion Government full and exclusive authority, jurisdiction and powers for and in relation to the governance of the State and agrees to transfer the administration of the State to the Dominion Government on the fifteenth day of October 1949 (hereinafter referred to as “the said day”). As from the said day the Dominion Government will be competent to exercise the said powers, authority and jurisdiction in such manner and through such agency as it may think fit.

Article II

His Highness the Maharaja shall continue to enjoy the same personal rights, privileges, dignities, titles, authority over religious observances, customs, usages, rites and ceremonies and institutions in charge of the same in the State, which he would have enjoyed had this agreement not been made.

Article III

His Highness the Maharaja shall with effect from the said day be entitled to receive for his life-time from the revenues of the State annually for his Privy Purse the sum of Rupees three lakhs free of all taxes. This amount is intended to cover all the expenses of the Ruler and his family, including expenses on account of his personal staff and armed guards, maintenance of his residences, marriages and other ceremonies etc. and the allowances to the Ruler’s relations who on the date of execution of this agreement were in receipt of such allowances from the revenues of the State, and will neither be increased nor reduced for any reason whatsoever.

The Government of India undertake that the said sum of Rupees three lakhs shall be paid to His Highness the Maharaja in four equal installments in advance at the beginning of each quarter from the State treasury or at such other treasury as may be specified by the Government of India.

Article IV

His Highness the Maharaja shall be entitled to the full ownership, use and enjoyment of all private properties (as distinct from State properties) belonging to him on the date of this agreement.

His Highness the Maharaja will furnish to the Dominion Government before the first January 1950 an inventory of all the immovable property, securities and cash balance held by him as such private property.

If any dispute arises as to whether any item of property is the private property of His Highness the Maharaja or State property, it shall be referred to a judicial officer qualified to be appointed as a High Court Judge, and the decision of the officer shall be final and binding on both parties:

Provided that His Highness the Maharaja’s right to the use of the residences known as “Redlands” and “Less Chatalettes” in Shillong, and the property in the town of Gauhati known as “Manipuri Basti” shall not be questioned.

Article V

All the members of His Highness’s family shall be entitled to all the personal rights, privileges, dignities and titles enjoyed by them whether within or outside the territories of the State, immediately before the 15th August, 1947.

Article VI

The Dominion Government guarantees the succession, according to law and custom, to the gaddi of the State and to His Highness, the Maharaja’s personal rights, privileges, dignities, titles, authority over religious observances, customs, usages, rites and ceremonies and institutions in charge of the same in the State.

Article VII

No enquiry shall be made by or under the authority of the Government of India, and no proceedings shall lie in any Court in Manipur, against His Highness the Maharaja whether in a personal capacity or otherwise in respect of anything done or omitted to be done by him or under his authority during the period of his administration of that State.

Article VIII

(1) The Government of India hereby guarantees either the continuance in service of the permanent members of the Public Services of Manipur on conditions which will be not less advantageous than those on which they were serving before the date on which the administration of Manipur is made over to the Government of India or the payment of reasonable compensation.

(2) The Government of India further guarantees the continuance of pensions and leave salaries sanctioned by His Highness the Maharaja to servants of the State who have retired or proceeded on leave preparatory to retirement, before the date on which the administration of Manipur is made over to the Government of India.

(3) The Government of India also undertake to make suitable provisions for the employment of Manipuris in the various branches of Public Services, and in every way encourage Manipuris to join them. They also undertake to preserve various laws, customs and conventions prevailing in the State pertaining to the social, economic and religious life of the people.

Article IX

Except with the previous sanction of the Government of India no proceedings, civil or criminal, shall be instituted against any person in respect of any act done or purporting to be done in the execution of his duties as a servant of the State before the day on which the administration is made over to the Government of India.

In confirmation whereof Mr. Vapal Pangunni Menon, Adviser to the Govemment of India in the Ministry of States, has appended his signature on behalf and with the authority of the Governor General of India and His Highness Maharaja Bodhchandra Singh, Maharaja of Manipur has appended his signature on behalf of himself, his heirs and successors.

Bodhachandra Singh September 21, 1949.

Maharaja of Manipur

V.P. Menon

Advisor to the Government of India

Ministry of State

Sri Prakas

Governor of Assam, Shillong

Ancient Names of Meetei Nation

2014-02-22T00:57:00.003+05:30

Ancient Names of Meetei Nation

1. Hanna Shempa Konna Loipa

2. Kanglei Poongmayol

3. Kangoi Leitangpoong

4. Lamthak Shalot Poong

5. Lamyai Koirenthak

6. Leipak Leikhoilol

7. Leipak Paampilel

8. Loilel Sanapoong

9. Mayai Shooptongpaal

10. Meela Pongthoklam

11. Meetei Leimayol

12. Meetei Leipak

13. Muwapaalli

14. Poilei Meitei Leipak

15. Tillikoktol Leikoilel

-->

Meetei Marup Vs Brahma Sabha, 1947

2014-02-22T00:46:00.004+05:30

During the reign of King Bodhachandra, Brahma Sabha practised pollution, purification and chandan shelkhai (sale of chandan) being imposed to part with Meetei religion and culture. Meetei Marup fought for identity and integration sternly defying the evil designs of Brahma Sabha. Direct confrontation ensued between the two zuxtaposed groups. Meetei Marup gained momentum with its relentless movement surging into greater proportion of importance and popularity. The helpless Brahma Sabha declared 38 persons who professed Meetei religion to be polluted, under Memo No. 61/Brahma Sabha/31.10.1947.

List of 38 Meeteis who were declared polluted by Brahma Sabha:-

1. Shri Aheibam Tombapu Singh - Kamengbasti

2. Shri Lairenmayum Nityai Singh - Kamengbasti

3. Shri Sanjenbam Yaimachouba Singh - Kamengbasti

4. Shri Konjengbam Nabachandra Singh - Kamengbasti

5. Shri Achom Goursingh - Kamengbasti

6. Shri Thouchom Madob Singh - Kamengbasti

7. Shri Nongthombam Gourasing - Kamengbasti

8. Shri Nongthombam Naran Singh - Kamengbasti

9. Waikhom Kanhai Singh - Kamengbasti

10. Shri Waikhom Tomba Singh - Kamengbasti

11. Aheibam Samu Singh - Kamengbasti

12. Mangsidam Temba Singh - Kamengbasti

13. Houbijam Ibeton Singh - Keisampat

14. Yaima Nongsabasing - Thambalkhong

15. Sarangthem Angousing - Thambalkhong

16. Lairenmayum Yaima Singh - Kameng

17. Shri Gokulchand Singh - Keisampat

18. Shri Tomba Singh - Keisampat

19. Shri Ngaseppam Manikchand Singh - Keisampat

20. Shri Takhellambam Bokul Singh - Keisampat

21. Shri Pukhrambam Surchand Singh - Keisampat

22. Shri Pukhrambam Ibomcha Singh - Keisampat

23. Shri Lukram Iboton Singh - Thambalkhong

24. Shri SarangthemThambalyaima Singh - Thambalkhong

25. Shri Angom Lila Singh - Thambalkhong

26. Shri Achom Mani Singh - Thambalkhong

27. Shri Lukram Ibotombi Singh - Thambalkhong

28. Shri Lukram Madhumangol Singh - Thambalkhong

29. Shri Ngangom Gourango Singh - Sectabasti

30. Shri Yaikhom Khamba Singh - Sectabasti

31. Shri Yendrmbam Chaoba Singh - Sectabasti

32. Shri Wakambam Bokul Singh - Pungdongbam

33. Shri Irungbam Nongyai Singh - Pungdongbam

34. Shri Moirangthem Choungparijat Singh - Khundrakpam

35. Shri Sairem Amuleisang Singh - Khundrakpam

36. Shri Nandeibam Iboton Singh - Khundrakpam

37. Shri Manisang Singh - Khundrakpam

38. Shri Moirangthem Makulsing - Khundrakpam

Dated, 25.7.47
Sd/-

Tonsana Sharma and Raj Purohits
State Officer Imphal
Memo No. SG 6/47
Dated, 26.11.47
Public for Information
Copy circulated to:
State Office
P.B. Chief Minister M.S. (Home)

With Friends and TGIF

2012-05-29T21:41:00.001+05:30

Like any other mid thirties and still single, I do have my share of pressure of all sorts from all sides. In this stage of life, when responsibilities and commitments look more like final paper, I and a few to-be-expired bachelors have come up with Thank God Its Friday [TGIF]. Boozing, singing, banging et cetera is all part of TGIF, and we are beginning to learn the ropes marking the work week has officially ended. A lesson from the West. Enjoyment of drinking matters, nothing else, not even sex.

In the weekdays, these selected friends are immersed in work, thoroughly occupied and nothing matters, a commitment they made to these present day booming MNCs. Though my working days are from Monday to Saturday, and sometimes Sunday, I have to sacrifice Friday and Saturday night for them. Of course I have to, because there is a thin line between loneliness and happiness at this stage of life, and I am sure I won’t prefer the loneliness side. I may sound desperate, but true, I admit.

Above all these pressures, another pressure is of the season – summer. Yesterday, it was 43 at mercury, imagine about the night. After day’s work, I feel like I lost all the minerals and liquids in the body. Sit for some minutes, unable to decide whether to skip the jogging session for the evening or just ease the stress with a nap. Then I realize its TGIF tomorrow, I won’t have a control on my appetite, besides I have to maintain my ego – no first user of excuse for “No More Drinks” like “No First Use of Nuclear Weapons Policy of Govt. of India”. At this age, loosing weight is difficult, but living fit is important, so I must run to go closer to get my ideal goal weight, rather than succumb to crash diets for it. And yes, beating the dull caused by the heat of 43 degree Celsius, I completed my goal of running 6 km without interruption. Now I won’t mind waking up with a puffy face, inflated tummy on Sunday morning after much enjoyment with friends on Friday and Saturday nights. It’s not all about wine and meats, truly, but also about maintaining my social circles outside social networking like Facebook, Twitter and e-mails. These days, many of us finish up chatting and liking at social networking sites, and hardly getting time for eachother even to wish.

In the night, when I was reading the final proof of a book written by Rajiv Kshetri, JNU, my attention was caught in the following lines… “in the early 90s, the government of Manipur declared the state as a DRY state leading to a complete shift in the nature of alcoholism in a different turn...it is true in one sense that over-consumption of alcohol could have a negative impact in the growth of society...however, the way it has been prohibited over the years has resulted for a large section of youth to use other forms of drugs as an alternative to alcohol…”. [Kakching-The Community]

I agree with the author to a great extent. In some states, say Gujarat, Manipur, Mizoram [Manufacture, sale and consumption of wine from guavas and grapes permitted but wine cannot be transported out of the state], Nagaland [Since 1989, sale and consumption illegal], and the union territory of Lakshadweep, consumption of alcohol is prohibited. But none of the states has this problem of youths using other forms of drugs like tablet etc happening in Manipur. Sometimes, “spare the rod spoil the child” principle doesn’t work. This, you can witnessed at any of the popular night clubs in Delhi [or in any metro], with increasing number of youths of our state. Suddenly, too much freedom without restraining from anyone, and no moral policing, its obvious of going out of control.

Are we marginalized?

2012-05-27T12:51:00.002+05:30

One good thing about Delhi is it has plenty of parks. The city must have the distinction of being one with the maximum number of jogging parks, next to Pune. Running or jogging for atleast 30 minutes in a park will easily burn out all the extra calories I have accumulated all these while. Instead I choose gym and wasted one hour, and in return, I have lots of appetite. Huh! Dreams of 6 packs – a distant dream.

It must be around 7.30pm-my gym time, one of friend ask me to accompany her upto a shopping mall nearby. She was asked by her landlord to pay their monthly rent there in the shopping mall gate. When I asked, why didn’t he turn up by himself at your room and collect the rent because he knows his tenants are ladies? She explained something which I didn’t agree. While returning back, we were stop by a police officer in uniform. Without any connection he asked, “do you know me?” I said yes, and in brief, I explained how I know him. After a brief conversation, he politely, in a very concerned tone, requested us to attend meetings conducted by Delhi Police for the safety of North East People. His last line was “If anybody teases you, or abuses you, or any autorikshaw driver who refuse to go at your desire destination, please call me at my number.” But he didn’t give his number, and I didn’t feel the need to ask, as I already have the mobile number of the police inspector in charge of my locality.

I always show this police officer in a motorbike roaming here and there in my locality. Several times, I show him yelling at vegetable vendors at roadside, or those motorbikers without helmet or 3 sitters. Atleast thrice a day, we met though we didn’t exchange words or greetings. But he never mentioned anything about such a special meeting of north east people in an around of my locality. Yes, I remember a meeting of such in 2010, but after that I never attend or hear of any such meeting. I ask myself, why all of a sudden, that too when I am with a lady from north east! Are they really concerned about North East people?

It must be around 10.30pm, after having dinner, one of my friends suggested about going for a movie. All six of us went to PVR Anupam for an 11.25pm show. I can’t remember when did I get the chance to go out for a last show movie at Imphal! The crowd was good. Most interesting was the number of female moviegoers even at that hour. Most of them were at strings and shorts, nobody cares. Of course mercury was soaring these days. Who says only North east girls wear shorts and strings or say western outfits?

It must be around 2.30am when the movie ended. While returning, I saw two police officers, with no guns, only truncheon/baton [as a symbol of authority], were checking every vehicle entering our locality. I was surprised, this checking happens only when there is something wrong in the city, or in the month of August before 15 or in January before 26. I checked internet instantly, but nothing as such reported in any of the web pages. When our turn comes, they didn’t ask anything, just let us go. One of my friend jokingly said, they let us go without any words because we are mongoloid or North East people.

Are we already marginalized group again marginalizing in this city? Or just that we are peace loving people, so they don’t feel any danger from us? If the answer is yes for the second one, then why is there ASFPA in Manipur? May be they are charged up from the instant report of increasing crime rates in Delhi. Or may be the death of Richard Loitam in Bangalore, and the suicide of Dana Sangma in Noida make them feel insecure of detaining north east people at roadside. Whatever, but why waiting for something wrong to happen to charge up? Why not taking precaution beforehand and alert all the times?

Chief Ministers of Manipur

2012-03-17T19:54:00.000+05:30

And Here comes Again

2011-10-22T14:06:00.000+05:30

And Here comes Again

OBC of Manipur

2011-09-03T22:00:00.000+05:30

The following communities are under the OBC category of Manipur.

1. Badi (Nepali), Damai (Nepali), Gainay (Nepali), Kami (Nepali) and Sarki (Nepali) - [who have been living in Manipur as members of the domiciled community since the 9th July, 1947, and their descendants].

2. Meitei, Meetei (including Meitei Brahmin, Meitei/Meetei Sanamahi and Meitei Rajkumar)

3. Meitei Pangal (Muslim)

4. Teli [who have been domiciled in Manipur for 10 years, and their descendents].

http://acmeitei.sulekha.com/blog/post/2011/08/the-list-is-endless.htm

2011-08-12T02:15:00.000+05:30

http://acmeitei.sulekha.com/blog/post/2011/08/the-list-is-endless.htm