Frequency of International Relations (FETRIAN)

Formulasi Lingkaran Mandala Kebijakan Luar Negeri Indonesia Pasca Jokowi

Laode Fathun — 2026-01-28

This paper aims to describe the formulation of the Mandala of Indonesia’s foreign policy in the post Jokowi era. The main focus of this study is the recognition that both domestic and international political situations are constantly evolving. Moreover, differences in leadership styles lead to variations in the tactics and strategies adopted. This study employs secondary data as the basis of analysis through a literature review. The theoretical framework applied is the Mandala model of foreign policy. The findings indicate that the formulation of Indonesia’s foreign policy is influenced by domestic and international factors as well as leadership style and experience. In the post Jokowi era President Prabowo whose approach differs from that of his predecessors such as Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono and Joko Widodo has adopted distinct strategies and tactics. Prabowo is characterized by strategic tactical and hierarchical thinking. This style reshapes Indonesia’s Mandala model compared to previous administrations. Consequently internal and external challenges will require Prabowo to be both a smart leader in diplomacy and a smart leader in decision making. Given the ever changing dynamics innovation and adaptability will be essential.

Prostitusi di Thailand: Pertarungan Tatanan Dunia melalui Tiga Pendekatan

Muhammad Fauzi Abdul Rachman — 2026-01-28

Prostitusi merupakan isu serius di Thailand dan menjadi tantangan bagi pemerintah serta masyarakatnya, padahal Thailand telah meratifikasi CEDAW pada tahun 1985 dan Palermo Protokol pada tahun 2013 yang merupakan legalitas bagi komitmen untuk menghapus eksploitasi seksual, termasuk prostitusi. Dari dua latar belakang yang bertentangan tersebut, penelitian ini menganalisis bagaimana propagasi ide dan norma antara hegemoni Barat melawan dunia ketiga, dalam hal ini Thailand, terkait ide dan norma prostitusi. Pertarungan ide dan norma tersebut, secara sederhana, adalah proses mengadopsi tatanan dunia, ide, dan norma terkait prostitusi ke dalam konteks lokal. Metode yang digunakan adalah deskriptif analitis melalui data sekunder. Tiga pendekatan tatanan dunia, yakni interaksi strategis, sosialisasi hegemonik, dan konstruksi sosial dipakai untuk melihat dinamika kekuasaan membentuk ide dan norma terkait prostitusi di Thailand. Ketiganya bermuara pada simpulan bahwa dinamika kekuasaan eksternal, yakni hipokrasi Barat dan perancangan Thailand sebagai tempat prostitusi di masa Perang Dingin, serta internal, yaitu ajaran Budhisme, kemiskinan, dan korupsi para elite Thailand, menyebabkan lestarinya prostitusi di Thailand. Dengan kata lain, lapisan global, regional, nasional, lokal, hingga rural di Thailand menerima dan membentuk penerimaan sendiri terkait materi serta ide dalam prostitusi.

The COP28 Controversy and Its Impact on Indonesia as a Developing Country

rafi nurdin — 2026-04-20

The COP28 conference is a multilateral forum that brings together nearly 200 countries to respond to the urgency of the global climate crisis through a shared commitment to the transition from fossil fuels to environmentally friendly energy. In this conference, Indonesia not only acts as an active participant, but also as a representative of developing countries that face challenges in implementing the energy transition. Even though it is an important country in COP28, Indonesia's position as a developing country at this conference means that Indonesia remains one of the countries that is likely to be affected by a number of controversies behind the existence of COP28, especially exploitation planned by the host and developing countries that are participants. This research aims to understand Indonesia's contribution to COP28, the controversy that occurred at this conference, and the impact of the existing controversy on Indonesia as a developing country.

Analisis Kepentingan Nasional Indonesia Dan Inggris Dalam Kerja Sama Transisi Energi: Studi Kasus Program Menuju Transisi Energi Rendah Karbon Indonesia (MENTARI)

Ayu Maruti — 2026-04-27

This study aims to examine the national interests of the United Kingdom and Indonesia within the MENTARI program, utilizing Axelrod and Keohane's "Shadow of the Future" dimension as an analytical framework. Authors employ qualitative methods, including interviews and document analysis, The findings indicate a shared recognition by both nations that the global energy landscape will be predominantly shaped by renewable sources. Therefore, both countries established a partnership to speed up the energy transition and reduce their dependence on environmentally harmful fossil fuels, a major driver of climate change. The analysis reveals that the UK's interests align with its obligation as a developed country under the Paris Agreement to provide climate finance, coupled with its strategic ambition to secure a market share in Indonesia's renewable energy sector to bolster its position as a global leader in the field. Conversely, Indonesia's primary interest lies in attracting foreign investment to catalyse its domestic renewable energy development and accelerate its national energy transition process.

Coorperation between Indonesia and Cambodia in Combating Human Trafficking

saskiya_prambandari M. Auri — 2026-05-04

Human trafficking (TPPO) against Indonesia citizens (WNI) in
Cambodia has increased significantly between 2021 and 2023. One of
the main factors driving this high number of cases is the prevalence of
job vacancy scams targeting Indonesian job seekers with the lure of
high salaries and atrractive working conditions. This study analyzes
the implementation of bilateral coorperation between Indonesia and
Cambodia in handling TPPO through three key aspects: intelligence
exchange, lawa enforcement capacity building, and retriation
mechanisms. The method used is a qualitative approach through
document analysis, including the 2022 Memorandum of
Understanding (MoU), ASEAN-ACT reports, and IOM data. The
results of the study show that despite improved coordination and
success in several cases, disparities in law enforcement capacity
between countries remain a major obstacle. Recommendations include
policy harmonization, joint training, and strengthening multi
stakeholder coordination mechanisms to maximize the effectiviness of
bilateral cooperation.