Various latest topics from “GMAT Club Forum”

Kaplan 800 - SC Meaning Endometriosis

vibhav — Sat, 26 May 2012 11:15:08 -0500

Doctors in the early 20th century commonly mistook endometriosis as simple menstrual cramps and informed women that there was no medical cure for their condition.

A. endometriosis as simple menstrual cramps
B. endometriosis for simple menstrual cramps
C. simple menstrual cramps for endometriosis
D. endometriosis to be simple menstrual cramping
E. endometriosis and simple menstrual cramps

reduntant

kashishh — Fri, 25 May 2012 11:22:39 -0500

scientist determined the acreage of healthy forests in North and Central America had declined by a 59% decrease over the previous several countries.
A.)declined by a 59% decrease
B.) declined by 59%
C.) decreased by a 59% decline
D.) a 59% decrease
E.) decline by 59%

parallelism

kashishh — Fri, 25 May 2012 11:15:43 -0500

The benefits of having many trees on one's property ranges from insulation and energy conservation in summer and winter, cleaning the air, and increases property value.
A.) cleaning the air, and increases property value
B.) cleaning the air, and increasing in
c.) cleaner air, and increases in
d.) to cleaner air, to increases in
e.) to cleaner air, and increases in

[Reveal] Spoiler:

humans probably have a biological predisposition

deepti1206 — Fri, 25 May 2012 07:20:41 -0500

n an experiment, researchers played a series of musical intervals - two-note sequences - to a large diverse group of six-month old babies. They found that the babies paid significantly more attention when the intervals were perfect octaves, fifths, or fourths than otherwise. These intervals are prevalent in the musical systems of most cultures around the world. Thus, humans probably have a biological predisposition to pay more attention to those intervals than to others.

Which one of the following, if true most strengthens the argument?

A) Several similar experiments using older children and adults found that these subjects, too, had a general tendency to pay more attention to octaves, fifths, and fourths than to other musical intervals.

B) None of the babies in the experiment had previous exposure to music from any culture.

C) All of the babies in the experiment had been exposed to music drawn equally from a wide variety of cultures around the world.

D) In a second experiment, these same babies showed no clear tendency to notice primary colors more than other colors.

E) Octaves, fifths, and fourths were played more frequently during the experiment than other musical intervals were.

money does not really exist

deepti1206 — Fri, 25 May 2012 03:23:34 -0500

Quote:
Editorialist: Despite the importance it seems to have in our lives, money does not really exist. This is evident from the fact that all that would be needed to make money disappear would be a universal loss of belief in it. We witness this phenomenon on a small scale daily in the rises and falls of financial markets, whose fluctuations are often entirely independent of concrete causes and are the result of mere beliefs of investors.

The conclusion of the editorialist's argument can be properly drawn if which one of the following is assumed?

A) Anything that exists would continue to exist even if everyone were to stop believing in it.

B) Only if one can have mistaken beliefs about a thing does that thing exist, strictly speaking.

C) In order to exist, an entity must have practical consequences for those who believe in it.

D) If everyone believes in something, then that thing exists.

E) Whatever is true of money is true of financial markets generally.

suggestion to improve strategy

vikram4689 — Thu, 24 May 2012 23:13:45 -0500

when i work to improve SC, i do bad at CR and when i work to improve CR, i do bad at SC. I make such silly mistakes which i could not have ever expected. Basically when i work to improve any section on verbal i start doing bad at other 2 sections

Why is this happening to me

SC-President

rampuria — Thu, 24 May 2012 22:55:31 -0500

Had the President’s Administration not lost the vote on the budget reduction package, his first year in office would have been rated an

Answer Choices
A. Had the President’s Administration not lost the vote on the budget reduction package, his first year in office would have been rated an A.
B. If the Administration had not lost the vote on the budget reduction package, his first year in office would have been rated an A.
C. Had the President’s Administration not lost the vote on the budget reduction package, it would have been rated an A.
D. Had the President’s Administration not lost the vote on its budget reduction package, his first year in office would have been rated an A.
E. If the President had not lost the vote on the budget reduction package, the Administration’s first year in office would have been rated an A.

Please kindly review my essay - Analysis of an issue

MaddyGMAT — Thu, 24 May 2012 19:58:53 -0500

Analysis of Issue:
“Corporations and other businesses should try to eliminate the many ranks and salary grades that classify employees according to their experience and expertise. A ‘flat’ organizational structure is more likely to
encourage collegiality and cooperation among employees.”
--------------------------ESSAY----------

The issue of defferentiation, ranking and paying employees based on experience and expertise, in the corporate and business world is controversial. On the one hand, a "flat" organization promises uniform responsibility and encourages employees to work with co-operation among induviduals and groups.On the other hand, it posses many critical draw backs that would undermind the performance of the organizations. In my final analysis, I believe that it is not only necessary but also very important to differentiate people based on their experience and expertise.

The first reason for by belief is that differentiation encourages performance in an organization at induvidual and group level. Recognition and reward for the expertise and the performace is considered a vitail gain for most of the induviduals. For example, the surveys conducted by several employment agencies to measure the employee satisfaction clearly indicates that employees who gets the perks for their special achievement are most satisfied employees and their by they are willing to be more loyal to the organization.

Another important financial reason where the "flat" organization will cause serious damage is that in order to maintain an effective "flat" organization, the employer should maintain a balanced payment system throught the organization, which will cause more expenses in terms of employee salary and benefits. Differentiation would help the organization to determine which percentage of the employees can be paid less and which can be paid more based on the performance and their by reduce the cost of wages.

Moreover, flat organization causes confusion about the responsibility of the employees. For example, it lacks the delegation of work based on the expertise and experience level. A manager who knows the specific skills of the team members would know who to delegate what task and what area of work in order to carry out the projects within the scope of the budget and expected quality levels.

The issue above also claims that a "flat organization" would cause cooperation among employees. This argument is flawed that it exactly says the opposite of the truth. Flat organizations are much more likely to cause non coperation among employees than those which are differentiated based on the experience and expertise.Clearly, an experienced employee who perfors much better than a less experienced employee, is less likely to cooperate with the other. He will be dissatisfied and discouraged as he gains no better than the other employee who did not meet his result.
Result oriented employees would see rewards and recognition as their key earnings for the work well done. Absence of any of this will cause poor morale and hence non coperation.

For all this reasons, I believe that the corporations and businesses should not eliminate the ranks and salary grades based on the experience and expertise level. After all, this differentiation would also help the organization in removing the poor performing employees as they will naturally be paid and rewarded less and hence more likely to find another job causing a more healthy employee strength for the organization.

one of franklin super cr question

deepti1206 — Thu, 24 May 2012 06:47:40 -0500

Scientist: My research indicates that children who engage in impulsive behavior similar to adult thrill-seeking behavior are twice as likely as other children to have a gene variant that increases sensitivity to dopamine. From this, I conclude that there is a causal relationship between this gene variant and an inclination toward thrill-seeking behavior.

Which one of the following, if true, most calls into question the scientist's argument?

A) Many impulsive adults are not unusually sensitive to dopamine.

B) It is not possible to reliably distinguish impulsive behavior from other behavior.

C) Children are often described by adults as engaging in thrill-seeking behvaior simply because they act impulsively.

D) Many people exhibit behavioral tendencies as adults that they did not exhibit as children.

E) The gene variant studied by the scientist is correlated with other types of behavior in addition to thrill-seeking behavior.

sweet-potato whitefly

deepti1206 — Thu, 24 May 2012 06:15:13 -0500

For the last three years, entomologists have been searching for a parasite to help control a whitefly that has recently become a serious crop pest. Believing this new pest to be a variety of sweet-potato whitefly, the entomologists confined their search to parasites of the sweet-potato whitefly. Genetic research now shows the new pest to be a distinct species, the silverleaf whitefly. Therefore, the search for a parasite has so far been wasted effort.

Which one of the following is an assumption on which the argument relies?

A) All varieties of the sweet-potato whitefly are serious crop pests.

B) If a crop pest has a parasite, that parasite can always be used to control that pest.

C) The chances of successfully identifying a useful parasite of the new pest have increased since the proper identification of the pest.

D) No parasite of the sweet-potato whitefly is also a parasite of the silverleaf whitefly.

E) In the last three years, the entomologists found no parasites of the sweet-potato whitefly.

Dont noe the answer..i chose D...
lets neagte the D...
NEGATION -at least one parasite of the sweet-potato whitefly is also a parasite of the silverleaf whitefly.
if yes then then search for a parasite has not been wasted effort.....and thus weakening the conclusion ...

Would love feedback on AWA (argument)

pinchharmonic — Thu, 24 May 2012 02:44:27 -0500

Hi, I'd appreciate a critique on my argument essay. I especially want confirmation of my usage of examples "fujifilm and kodak". I read on another forum that these statistics or events can be made up to the suit the purpose.

The following appeared as part of an annual report sent to stockholders by Olympic Foods, a processor of frozen foods.
“Over time, the costs of processing go down because as organizations learn how to do things better, they become more efficient. In color film processing, for example, the cost of a 3-by-5-inch print fell from 50 cents for five-day service in 1970 to 20 cents for one-day service in 1984. The same principle applies to the processing of food. And since Olympic Foods will soon celebrate its twenty-fifth birthday, we can expect that our long experience will enable us to minimize costs and thus maximize profits.”
Discuss how well reasoned you find this argument. In your discussion be sure to analyze the line of reasoning and the use of evidence in the argument. For example, you may need to consider what questionable assumptions underlie the thinking and what alternative explanations or counterexamples might weaken the conclusion. You can also discuss what sort of evidence would strengthen or refute the argument, what changes in the argument would make it more logically sound, and what, if anything, would help you better evaluate its conclusion.

The author argues that Olympic Foods will be lowering operating costs and increasing profits because of its long experience. To support this conclusion the author presents an example of a film processing company that was able to reduce its operating costs over a similarly long period. The author also supports the conclusion by stating a general trend in organizations – that organizations learn how to do things better with time, leading to better efficiency and lower costs. However, presented as such, the argument is unconvincing for two reasons.

First, the author draws a parallel between a film processing company and a food processing company under the flawed assumption that the two companies should operate similarly. Even among companies in the same industry the behavior of one company does not predict the next. For example, consider Kodak and Fujifilm, two film processing companies. Fujifilm was able to lower its operating costs between 1990 and 2000 by moving its factories to Thailand. Meanwhile Kodak’s costs increased over the same 10 year period. The assumption that a food processing company should parallel a film processing company would be even less valid and clearly this example does not support the argument.
Second, the author makes a blanket statement that over time organizations improve their efficiency and inevitably reduce their operating costs. This statement is open to criticism for two reasons. First the statement assumes that all things that contribute to operating costs are becoming more efficient – or in other words efficiency is outweighing inefficiency over time. What if the management team performs poorly over time? What if mismanagement results in inefficiency with suppliers, distributors, and others? What if the company is bought or sold? Without answers to these questions, the argument fails to address reasonable counter examples. Secondly, the statement does not take into account extrinsic factors such as cost of materials, cost of energy and cost of labor. Any of the aforementioned costs could increase over time thereby increasing operating similarly. Overall, although the statement of organizations improving efficiency and lowering operating costs over time is true in some cases, it is a stretch to assume it applies in all cases and the particular case of Olympic Foods.

As it stands the author’s conclusion is not compelling. To strengthen the conclusion that Olympic Foods will be able to lower its operating costs the author would have to provide evidence specific to the company itself. The author would have to prove that Olympic foods has increased its operating efficiency over the past 25 years and provide examples how. Furthermore, the author would have to provide evidence that extrinsic factors to the company that affect costs will not affect its operating costs negatively.

gwd #30 V17

eybrj2 — Wed, 23 May 2012 22:12:37 -0500

By the same techniques used for genetically enhancing plants, making them disease- or pest-resistant, researchers have been able to increase the amount of protein in potatoes, sweet potatoes, and tobacco.

A. By the same techniques used for genetically enhancing plants, making them
B. With the same techniques to genetically enhance plants, so that they are
C. Employing the same techniques used to genetically enhance plants so that they are
D. Employing the same techniques to genetically enhance plants, which makes them
E. Employing the same techniques for genetically enhancing plants that make them

gwd #30 V16

eybrj2 — Wed, 23 May 2012 22:03:00 -0500

Researchers are using computer images to help surgeons plan difficult operations and to develop programs that will work for doctors and nurses in the same way that flight simulators do for pilots, letting medical personnel practice their techniques and test their reflexes before they ever see a patient.

A. plan difficult operations and to develop programs that will work for doctors and nurses in the same way that flight simulators do
B. plan difficult operations and develop programs to work for doctors and nurses the same way as with flight simulators
C. to plan difficult operations and to develop programs that will work for doctors and nurses like flight simulators
D. plan difficult operations and in developing programs to work for doctors and nurses the same way as flight simulators
E. to plan difficult operations and developing programs that will work for doctors and nurses like flight simulators do

Reptilian Salinity SC

KAS1 — Wed, 23 May 2012 20:09:01 -0500

Compared to alligators, crocodiles are better able to tolerate high salinity, because, unlike alligators, the glands on crocodiles' tongues can expel salt.

A. Compared to alligators, crocodiles are better able to tolerate high salinity, because, unlike alligators, the glands on crocodiles' tongues can expel salt
B. Unlike alligators' tongues, salt can be expelled through the glands on crocodiles' tongues, making crocodiles better than alligators at tolerating high salinity
C. Salt can be expelled through the glands on crocodiles' tongues and not through those on alligators' tongues; therefore, compared to alligators, crocodiles are more tolerant of high salinity
D. Unlike alligators, crocodiles can expel salt through the glands on their tongues; crocodiles are thus more tolerant of high salinity than are alligators
E. Compared with alligators, crocodiles are better at tolerating high salinity, because they can expel salt through the glands on their tongues while alligators' tongues cannot

MGMAT

power score bible question..

deepti1206 — Wed, 23 May 2012 14:29:39 -0500

Some scientists have expressed reservations about
quantum theory because of its counterintuitive
consequences. But despite rigorous attempts to show
that quantum theory’s predictions were inaccurate,
they were shown to be accurate within the generally
accepted statistical margin of error. These results,
which have not been equaled by quantum theory’s
competitors, warrant acceptance of quantum theory.
Which one of the following principles most helps to
justify the reasoning above?
(A) A scientific theory should be accepted if it has
fewer counterintuitive consequences than do
its competitors.
(B) A scientific theory should be accepted if it has
been subjected to serious attempts to
disprove it and has withstood all of them.
(C) The consequences of a scientific theory should
not be considered counterintuitive if the
theory’s predictions have been found to be
accurate.
(D) A theory should not be rejected until it has
been subjected to serious attempts to
disprove it.
(E) A theory should be accepted only if its
predictions have not been disproved by
experiment

principle questions (must be true )

deepti1206 — Wed, 23 May 2012 14:28:22 -0500

A gift is not generous unless it is intended to benefit
the recipient and is worth more than what is expected
or customary in the situation; a gift is selfish if it is
given to benefit the giver or is less valuable than is
customary.
Which one of the following judgments most closely
conforms to the principle above?
(A) Charles, who hates opera, was given two
expensive tickets to the opera. He in turn
gave them to his cousin, who loves opera, as
a birthday gift. Charles’s gift was selfish
because he paid nothing for the tickets.
(B) Emily gives her brother a year’s membership in
a health club. She thinks that this will allow
her brother to get the exercise he needs.
However, the gift is selfish because Emily’s
brother is hurt and offended by it.
(C) Amanda gives each of her clients an expensive
bottle of wine every year. Amanda’s gifts are
generous, since they cause the clients to
continue giving Amanda business.
(D) Olga gives her daughter a computer as a
graduation gift. Since this is the gift that all
children in Olga’s family receive for
graduation, it is not generous.
(E) Michael gave his nephew $50 as a birthday
gift, more than he had ever given before.
Michael’s nephew, however, lost the money.
Therefore, Michael’s gift was not generous
because it did not benefit the recipient

could nt get y A and E are wrong..

has or has been...

deepti1206 — Wed, 23 May 2012 14:24:36 -0500

Indonesia's Mount Merapi volcano has killed 191 people since it began erupting late last month, leading to the declaration of an emergency in the country.
A. has killed 191 people since it began erupting late last month, leading to the declaration of an emergency in the country
B. killed 191 people since it began erupting late last month, leading to the declaration of an emergency in the country.
C. has killed 191 people since it began erupting late last month, which has lead to the declaration of an emergency in the country.
D. had killed 191 people since it began erupting late last month, leading to the declaration of an emergency in the country.
E. has been killing 191 people since it began erupting late last month, leading to the declaring of an emergency in the country

i chose E ...the action is still continuing ..it shuld be has been ....but its wrong .. y ..?

in ancient times,..

deepti1206 — Wed, 23 May 2012 14:21:31 -0500

i choe answer D...but it wrong ..can ne1 one plz explain y .?

Can people rate my Argument and Issue essays ?

Aanshu — Tue, 22 May 2012 23:31:16 -0500

Hi friends

Can you please rate the following essays?

ESSAY QUESTION:
"Children today have an unprecedented number of options when it comes to entertainment. Since no parent can be aware of all of these options, it falls to the entertainment media to ensure that their content is suitable for young consumers."

Discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the opinion stated above. Support your point of view with reasons and/or examples from your own experience, observations, or reading.

YOUR RESPONSE:
The statement in the above question holds the view that entertainment media itself, and not parents, should be made responsible to ensure suitable content is viewed by children. I think the statement is true in most situations.
In today's world, a majority of both the parents work. The parents work to ensure a better livelihood for the family and their children in particular. Thus, children live an independent life in the absence of their parents. They are exposed to different kinds of entertainment options. TV, internet, computers, mobiles all provide a variety of entertainment choices. Though, some of these options may not be deemed suitable for the children. If parents are working, they will not be aware of what a child watches back at home. Also, they may not know of all the options that such devices provide. In such a situation, it becomes imperative for the entertainment media to censure such options.
The Television showcases a variety of entertainment channels. However, the TV media should take note of proper viewing schedules of some particular types of channels or shows. Shows displaying vulgarity or aggressive behaviour should be kept at periods of time when parents are at home. Else, children could sense a degree of freedom and may get spoilt soon Also, the TV could display a guide listing all the shows at their particular timings. This way parents can be informed about the unsuitable viewing options and regulate them to avoid viewing by children.
Similarly, vulgar internet websites could come with blocked features or may require prior adult approval for their viewing. Computer or video games that include a lot of violent content should have proper age limits to regulate any ill effects that the games may have on children. Cellphones that have options such as MMS or internet viewing may be used in wrong ways. When I was young, I learnt of an incident where such video camera phones were used by two young students to make a video of oral sexual actions. This video was later circulated through the internet. Thus such wrong entertainment modes can spoil a child, leading to different kinds of aggressive or depressive behaviour.
Thus, because of the reasons mentioned above I believe entertainment media, itself should try to ensure that their content is suitable for viewing by children. This will easen parents' task to regulate proper entertainment options for their children.

The following appeared in a newspaper editorial:

"The claims of some politicians that we are on the brink of an energy crisis are misguided. We have enough oil in reserve to see us through any production shortage and the supply of in-ground oil is in no danger of running out any time soon. There is thus no need to set aside the technology and infrastructure of a century of oil-based energy."

Discuss how well reasoned you find this argument. Point out flaws in the argument's logic and analyze the argument's underlying assumptions. In addition, evaluate how supporting evidence is used and what evidence might counter the argument's conclusion. You may also discuss what additional evidence could be used to strengthen the argument or what changes would make the argument more logically sound.

YOUR RESPONSE:
The author begins her argument by saying some politicians are flawed in believing that an energy crisis will happen soon. She further advocates that we should continue to use technology using oil-based energy as no shortage of oil is expected in the near future. The author's argument holds true in few situations but is flawed in most others. In my analysis of the argument, I will present the assumptions drawn by the author, flaws in her argument and bring out a logical understanding to the situation at hand.
Firstly, the author states that politicians who think that an energy crisis will soon happen are wrong. She tries to justify her stand by bringing evidence of a large oil supply. However, the author here assumes that oil is the sole source of energy. The politicians could have been infering the energy crisis on basis of other sources of energy such as wind, solar, tidal, hydro and others. If oil is a major source of energy, then this fact should have been presented clearly in the argument.
The author talks about how oil will continue to supply our energy needs. She says that the amount of oil is plenty and will not deplete in the near future. However, no credence has been given to this fact. The author could have cited some survey as evidence to justify her stand. Also, she fails to mention the degree of consumption of oil-based energy. Evaluation of how much oil can actually be converted into useful energy could have been provided. Thus, some analysis needs to be given to substantiate that the production of oil could meet the consumption of oil-based energy. Such data could have given sound logic to the argument.
In the end, the author advocates that we should continue use of technology using oil-based energy. She simply assumes that the present amount of oil would be sufficient to meet needs of future technology. In the future, population will rise, new technologies requiring more use of energy may emerge. If such a trend is observed, the author's conclusion can fall flat.
Thus, the author's argument is flawed because of the reasons mentioned above. The author assumes and extrapolates without linking her evidence to the conclusion. She should have provided more evidence and facts and associated them well to her inference. This would have further structured and strengthened her argument and substianted her conclusion.

og10 -18

TomB — Tue, 22 May 2012 19:03:59 -0500

Each of Hemingway's wives--Hadley Richardson. Pauline Pfeiffer. Martha Gelhom. and Mary Welsh --were
strong and interesting women, very different from the often pallid women who populate his novels.
(A) Each of Hemingway's wives--Hadley Richardson, Pauline Pfeiffer, Martha Gelhom, and Mary
Welsh--were strong and interesting women,
(B) Hadley Richardson, Pauline Pfeiffer, Martha Gelhorn, and Mary Welsh--each of them Hemingway's
wives--were strong and, interesting women,
(C) Hemingway's wives--Hadley Richardson, Pauline Pfeiffer, Martha Gelhom, and Mary Welsh--were all
strong and interesting women,
(D) Strong and interesting women—Hadley Richardson, Pauline Pfeiffer, Martha Gelhom, and Mary
Welsh--each a wife of Hemingway, was
(E) Strong and interesting women—Hadley Richardson, Pauline Pfeiffer, Martha Gelhom, and Mary
Welsh--every one of Hemingway's wives were
can anyone tell the difference between B and C. My doubt is in B"--each of them Hemingway's
wives--" is in hyphen,so what should be the subject of the sentence, "Hadley Richardson, Pauline Pfeiffer...." or "each of them ..." please explain.

gwd #29 v 26

eybrj2 — Tue, 22 May 2012 19:02:05 -0500

51. In his experiments with gravity, Isaac Newton showed how the motion of each planet in the solar system results from the combined gravitational pull of the Sun and of all the other planets, each contributing according to their mass and distance from the others.

A. of all the other planets, each contributing according to their
B. of all the other planets, with each of them contributing according to their
C. all the other planets, each of which contributing according to its
D. all the other planets, each contributing according to its
E. all the other planets, each of which contribute according to their

og 10 - 12 question

TomB — Tue, 22 May 2012 18:42:09 -0500

312. Formulas for cash flow and the ratio of debt to equity do not apply to new small businesses in the same way as they do to established big businesses, because they are growing and are seldom in equilibrium.
(A) Formulas for cash flow and the ratio of debt to equity do not apply to new small businesses in the same way as they do to established big businesses, because they are growing and are seldom in equilibrium.
(B) Because they are growing and are seldom in equilibrium, formulas for cash flow and the ratio of debt to equity do not apply to new small businesses in the same way as they do to established big businesses.
(C) Because they are growing and are seldom in equilibrium, new small businesses are not subject to the same applicability of formulas for cash flow and the ratio of debt to equity as established big businesses.
(D) Because new small businesses are growing and are seldom in equilibrium, formulas for cash flow and the ratio of debt to equity do not apply to them in the same way as to established big businesses.
(E) New small businesses are not subject to the applicability of formulas for cash flow and the ratio of debt to equity in the same way as established big businesses, because they are growing and are seldom in equilibrium.

my doubt is in option D modifying phrase " because new businesses..." correctly modifies the following clause " formulas for cash.."
Is "them" refers to formulas.
please explain

minimum wage in the country of Kirlandia - confusing CR

gmihir — Tue, 22 May 2012 11:37:43 -0500

In two months, the legal minimum wage in the country of Kirlandia will increase from five Kirlandic dollars(KD5.00) Per hour to KD5.50 per hour.Opponents of this increase have argued that the resulting rise in wages will drive the inflation rate up.In fact its impact on wages will probably be negligible, since only a very small proportion of all Kirlandic workers are currently receiving less than KD5.50 per hour.
Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument?

A Most people in kirlandia who are currently earning the minimum wage have been employed at their current jobs for less than a year.

B Some firms in Kirlandia have paid workers considerably less than KD5.00 per hour, in violation of kirlandic employment regulations.

C Many businesses hire trainees at or near the minimum wage but must reward trained workers by keeping their paylevels above the pay level of trainees.

D The greatest growth in Kirlandia’s economy in recent years has been in those sectors where workers earn wages that tend to be much higher than the minimum wage.

E The current minimum wage is insufficient for a worker holding only one job to earn enough to support a family ,even when working full time at that job.

Kaplan 800 - SC Subject Verb

vibhav — Tue, 22 May 2012 11:17:42 -0500

Out of the public's interest in the details of and conflicts in other people's lives have grown a booming market for "reality" television shows, which are bringing "regular" people onto the television screen with increasing frequency.

A. other people's lives have grown a booming market for "reality" television shows, which are bringing
B. other people's lives has grown a booming market for "reality" television shows, which are bringing
C. another people's lives has grown a booming market for "reality" television shows, which is bringing
D. other people's lives has grown a booming market for "reality" television shows, which is bringing
E. other people's lives has grown a booming market for "reality" television shows, which bring

Guys please reason out your answer to this question!

Actuaries vs. Accountants: CR

rakp — Tue, 22 May 2012 02:54:12 -0500

Detective: Because the embezzler must have had specialized knowledge and access to internal financial records, we can presume that the embezzler worked for XYZ Corp as either an accountant or an actuary. But an accountant would probably not make the kind of mistakes in ledger entries that led to the discovery of the embezzlement. Thus it is likely the the embezzler is one of the actuaries.

Each of the following weakens the the detective's argument EXCEPT:

A. The actuaries' activities while working for XYZ corp were more closely scrutinized by supervisors than were the activities of accountants.
B. There is evidence of breaches in computer security at the time of embezzlement that could have given persons outside XYZ access to internal financial record.
C. XYZ employs 8 accountants whereas it has only 2 actuaries on it's staff.
D. An independent report released before the crime took place concluded that XYZ was vulnerable to embezzlement.
E. Certain security measures at XYZ made it more difficult for the actuaries to have access to internal financial records than for the accountants

Is OG 12's CR questions are less difficult than actual gmat

sandal85 — Mon, 21 May 2012 19:33:20 -0500

Is OG 12's CR questions are less difficult than actual gmat's. I have finished the OG 11 CR and I have realised that questions are not tough.

Q1- to 60 - I got 2 wrong
Q60- 80 - I got 3 wrong ( I had some doubts and only those were incorrect)
Q80-100 - I got 5 Wrong ( I did them when i was not able to concentrate much)
Q100 - 124 - I got 2 Wrong

Just want to know others experience on CR of OG11. Also really appreciate if some one can help me with source of tough question.

Use of "so"

raviram80 — Sun, 20 May 2012 21:21:20 -0500

Hi All,

In the below sentence, correct version is below

Because of the Sun. which is 400 times larger than the Moon. but
also 400 times farther away from Earth, so both the Sun and the
Moon have the same apparent size ni the sky.

The Sun, which is 4oo times targer than the Moon, is also
4oo tImes farther away from Earth, so the sun and the
Moon have the same apparent size in the sky.

My question is

when is it ok to use so? and how is use of so justified here?

Could someone give some example where clauses are introduced by "so"

Thanks
Ravi

Question on "It" starting a clause

raviram80 — Sun, 20 May 2012 19:46:50 -0500

Hi All,

I have this confusion. when is it ok for "it" to start a clause

e.g

Though the artifacts d pre-Columbian civization created a stir from
the very frst European contacts with the New World in the
sixteenth century, it was not until the latter half of the nineteenth
century that Western desgnerst artssts, and crafters were inspired
to imitate them.

The above sentence is correct.

What does it stand for here? How do we know that usage of it is required.

Could someone please provide more examples.

Thanks

Robinson is a botanist

Runner2 — Sun, 20 May 2012 17:32:06 -0500

Robinson is a botanist whose dream is to reestablish an authentic pre-human piece of Hawaii, a place now awash with introduced species of plants and animals.

A. who has the dream to reestablish an authentic pre-human piece of Hawaii,
B. whose dream it is to reestablish an authentic pre-human piece of Hawaii,
C. who it is his dream to reestablish an authentic pre-human piece of Hawaii,
D. that is dreaming to reestablish an authentic pre-human piece of Hawaii,
E. whose dream is to reestablish an authentic pre-human piece of Hawaii

[Reveal] Spoiler:

why not A?

The flock of Canadian Geese

Runner2 — Sun, 20 May 2012 13:15:24 -0500

Please explain verb usage

Sub level Long RC

riteshv — Sun, 20 May 2012 08:14:56 -0500

The labor force is often organized as if workers had no family responsibilities. Preschool-age children need full-time care; children in primary school need care after school and during school vacations. Although day-care services can resolve some scheduling conflicts between home and office, workers cannot always find or afford suitable care. Even when they obtain such care, parents must still cope with emergencies, such as illnesses, that keep children at home. Moreover, children need more than tending; they also need meaningful time with their parents. Conventional full-time workdays, especially when combined with unavoidable household duties, are too inflexible for parents with primary child-care responsibility.
Although a small but increasing number of working men are single parents, those barriers against successful participation in the labor market that are related to primary child-care responsibilities mainly disadvantage women. Even in families where both parents work, cultural pressures are traditionally much greater on mothers than on fathers to bear the primary child-rearing responsibilities.
In reconciling child-rearing responsibilities with participation in the labor market, many working mothers are forced to make compromises. For example, approximately one-third of all working mothers are employed only part-time, even though part-time jobs are dramatically underpaid and often less desirable in comparison to full-time employment. Even though part-time work is usually available only in occupations offering minimal employee responsibility and little opportunity for advancement or self-enrichment, such employment does allow many women the time and flexibility to fulfill their family duties, but only at the expense of the advantages associated with full-time employment.

Moreover, even mothers with full-time employment must compromise opportunities in order to adjust to barriers against parents in the labor market. Many choose jobs entailing little challenge or responsibility or those offering flexible scheduling, often available only in poorly paid positions, while other working mothers, although willing and able to assume as much responsibility as people without children, find that their need to spend regular and predictable time with their children inevitably causes them to lose career opportunities to those without such demands. Thus, women in education are more likely to become teachers than school administrators, whose more conventional full-time work schedules do not correspond to the schedules of school-age children, while female lawyers are more likely to practice law in trusts and estates, where they can control their work schedules, than in litigation, where they cannot.

Nonprofessional women are concentrated in secretarial work and department store sales, where their absences can be covered easily by substitutes and where they can enter and leave the work force with little loss, since the jobs offer so little personal gain. Indeed, as long as the labor market remains hostile to parents, and family roles continue to be allocated on the basis of gender, women will be seriously disadvantaged in that labor market.

3. It can be inferred from the passage that the author would be most likely to agree with which one of the following statements about working fathers in two-parent families?
(A) They are equally burdened by the employment disadvantages placed upon all parents—male and female—in the labor market.
(B) They are so absorbed in their jobs that they often do not see the injustice going on around them.
(C) They are shielded by the traditional allocation of family roles from many of the pressures associated with child-rearing responsibilities.
(D) They help compound the inequities in the labor market by keeping women form competing with men for career opportunities.
(E) They are responsible for many of the problems of working mothers because of their insistence on traditional roles in the family.

5. The passage suggests that day care is at best a limited solution to the pressures associated with child rearing for all of the following reasons EXCEPT:
(A) Even the best day care available cannot guarantee that children will have meaningful time with their parents.
(B) Some parents cannot afford day-care services.
(C) Working parents sometimes have difficulty finding suitable day care for their children.
(D) Parents who send their children to day care still need to provide care for their children during vacations.
(E) Even children who are in day care may have to stay home when they are sick.

6. According to the passage, many working parents may be forced to make any of the following types of career decisions EXCEPT
(A) declining professional positions for nonprofessional ones, which typically have less conventional work schedules
(B) accepting part-time employment rather than full-time employment
(C) taking jobs with limited responsibility, and thus more limited career opportunities, in order to have a more flexible schedule
(D) pursuing career specializations that allow them to control their work schedules instead of pursuing a more desirable specialization in the same field
(E) limiting the career potential of one parent, often the mother, who assumes greater child-care responsibility

7. Which one of the following statements would most appropriately continue the discussion at the end of the passage?
(A) At the same time, most men will remain better able to enjoy the career and salary opportunities offered by the labor market.
(B) Of course, men who are married to working mothers know of these employment barriers but seem unwilling to do anything about them.
(C) On the other hand, salary levels may become more equitable between men and women even if the other career opportunities remain more accessible to men than to women.
(D) On the contrary, men with primary child-rearing responsibilities will continue to enjoy more advantages in the workplace than their female counterparts.
(E) Thus, institutions in society that favor men over women will continue to widen the gap between the career opportunities available for men and for women.

Need explanation............

MGMAT 5th ed vs MGMAT 4th ed

alchemist009 — Sun, 20 May 2012 00:39:14 -0500

hi
could anyone please tell me what is the difference between MGMAT 5th ed SC guide and MGMAT 4th ed SC guide??

regards Nafi

A piece pf limestone discovered

Runner2 — Sun, 20 May 2012 00:36:00 -0500

Plz explain why ...extinction...haVE been caused... is correct.

thnx

While climbing Mount Everest

Runner2 — Sun, 20 May 2012 00:05:17 -0500

Please clarify your reasonong. Thnx

I still can't clearly understand in what examples we can use pattern of usage such one in answer C

gwd #28 V25

eybrj2 — Sat, 19 May 2012 20:59:16 -0500

Many politicians, business leaders,
and scholars discount the role of
public policy and emphasize the role
of the labor market when explaining
employers’ maternity-leave policies,
arguing that prior to the passage of
the Family and Medical Leave Act
(FMLA) of 1993, employers were
already providing maternity leave in
(10) response to the increase in the number
of women workers. Employers did
create maternity-leave programs
in the 1970’s and 1980’s, but not as
a purely voluntary response in the
(15) absence of any government mandate.
In 1972, the Equal Employment
Opportunity Commission (EEOC) ruled
that employers who allowed leaves
for disabling medical conditions must
(20) also allow them for maternity and that
failure to do so would constitute sex
discrimination under the Civil Rights
Act of 1964. As early as 1973, a
survey found that 58 percent of large
(25) employers had responded with new
maternity-leave policies. Because the
1972 EEOC ruling was contested in
court, the ruling won press attention
that popularized maternity-leave
(30) policies. Yet perhaps because the
Supreme Court later struck down
the ruling, politicians and scholars
have failed to recognize its effects,
assuming that employers adopted
(35) maternity-leave policies in response
to the growing feminization of the
workforce.

Q25:
It can be inferred that the author of the passage would be most likely to agree with which
of the following statements about government policy?
A. Government policy is generally unaffected by pressures in the labor market.
B. The impact of a given government policy is generally weakened by sustained
press attention.
C. It is possible for a particular government policy to continue to have an impact
after that policy has been eliminated.
D. A given government policy can be counterproductive when that policy has
already unofficially been implemented.
E. The impact of a given government policy is generally weakened when the ruling
is contested in court.

Q27:
The passage suggests that the relationship between the view of the author with respect tomaternity leave policy prior to passage of the FMLA and the view of the politicians,
business leaders, and scholars mentioned in lines 1-2 can best be characterized by which of the following statements?
A. They agree that both the 1972 EEOC ruling on maternity-leave policy and the
increasing feminization of the workplace had an impact on employers’ creation of
maternity-leave programs but disagree about the relative importance of each
factor.
B. They agree that the EEOC ruling on maternity-leave policy had an initial impact
on employers’ creation of maternity-leave programs but disagree over whether the
Supreme Court’s striking down of the EEOC ruling weakened that impact.
C. They agree that creating maternity-leave programs was a necessary response to
the needs of the increasing number of women workers but disagree about whether
maternity should be classified as a disabling medical condition.
D. They agree that employers created maternity-leave programs prior to passage of
the FMLA but disagree about employers’ motivations for doing so.
E. They agree that employers created maternity-leave programs prior to passage of
the FMLA but disagree about how widespread those programs were.

A general question about the order of the words

balkan — Sat, 19 May 2012 17:06:37 -0500

Hi!

I have a more general question regarding the order of the words in a sentence.

How is correct to say "I have price objections ON BOTH the tables and the chairs"

or

"I have price objections both on the tables and the chairs"?

Your help is much appreciated.

Please rate my AWA

joshhowatt — Sat, 19 May 2012 16:35:56 -0500

Hi Everyone,
This is my first post regarding the AWA. I kind of would like to gauge where I am with this section, as I haven't given it much attention during my practice. Would love feedback and pointers, etc.

PROMPT:

The following appeared in the editorial section of a local newspaper:

“The inflow of immigrant workers into our community has put a downward pressure on wages. In fact, the average compensation of unskilled labor in our city has declined by nearly 10% over the past 5 years. Therefore, to protect our local economy, it is essential to impose a moratorium on further immigration.”

Discuss how well reasoned you find this argument. Point out flaws in the argument's logic and analyze the argument's underlying assumptions. In addition, evaluate how supporting evidence is used and what evidence might counter the argument's conclusion. You may also discuss what additional evidence could be used to strengthen the argument or what changes would make the argument more logically sound.

YOUR RESPONSE:
The author of the argument states that a decline in compensation for unskilled labor over the past five years can be directly associated to an increase of immigrant workers looking for work within the community. While on the surface this may be perceived as a reasonable explanation, much more information is necessary to make a final determination on the subject. The author fails to site exact statistics, such as sampling demographics and the rate of decline of compensation, and how these correlate to an increase of the immigrant population. Additionally, the author fails to acknowledge the negative ramifications that may result from enacting the moratorium, and how doing so might affect the the wages of unskilled laborers.

In his argument, the author assumes that there is a direct correlation between an influx of immigrants and a drop in unskilled labor compensation. He or she could have bolstered his or her argument by providing the reader with hard facts and figures. For example, if the immigrant group to which the author is referring has largely migrated from Mexico, he or she could have then referenced the substantial presence Mexicans holds in the unskilled labor community. Additionally, the author may have noted that these workers upon arrival are often willing to be compensated at, or far less, a minimum wage. By doing so, the author would have strengthened his or her position. However, by failing to site exact examples, the author leaves the reason for the decline open to speculation; there could be a multitude of reasons as to why compensation has fallen in the last five years. It certainly could be possible that compensation on a large scale, not simply that relating to unskilled labor, has fallen dramatically in the last five years.

Additionally, the author fails to recognize the possible ramifications of enforcing regulations disallowing immigration. Would this have any affect on the downward pressure? Would prohibiting immigration potentially increase the downward trend? The author makes the assumption that by alleviating the over-supply of unskilled laborers, the demand will increase, thereby driving up compensation. However, the author fails to illustrate any evidence to back up such an assumption. Also, he or she also fails to comment upon the potentially harmful results that fall outside of the scope of the workforce, and how these results may impact the economy of the community. These laborers may make up a substantial portion of the community, and to lose their contributions to the community may have a wide-felt impact. To discourage immigrant participation in the work force, may have a great psychological and physical effect upon the community.

In conclusion, while the author may have a reasonable point, he or she does not clearly tie the pieces together. The author fails to draw a correlation between cause and effect, and irresponsibly fails to recognize the potential for side effects when he or she suggests a moratorium on further immigration be imposed immediately.

Unionism in the Japanese auto industry

massi2884 — Sat, 19 May 2012 09:18:36 -0500

After the Second World War, unionism in the Japanese auto industry was company-based, with separate unions in each auto company. Most company unions played no independent role in bargaining shop-floor issues or pressing autoworkers' grievances. In a 1981 survey, for example, fewer than 1 percent of workers said they sought union assistance for work-related problems, while 43 percent said they turned to management instead. There was little to distinguish the two in any case: most union officers were foremen or middle-level managers, and the union's role was primarily one of passive support for company goals. Conflict occasionally disrupted this cooperative relationship--one company union's opposition to the productivity campaigns of the early 1980s has been cited as such a case. In 1986, however, a caucus led by the Foreman's Association forced the union's leadership out of office and returned the union's policy to one of passive cooperation. In the United States, the potential for such company unionism grew after 1979, but it had difficulty taking hold in the auto industry, where a single union represented workers from all companies, particularly since federal law prohibited foremen from joining or leading industrial unions.

The Japanese model was often invoked as one in which authority decentralized to the shop floor empowered production workers to make key decisions. What these claims failed to recognize was that the actual delegation of authority was to the foreman, not the workers. The foreman exercised discretion over job assignments, training, transfers, and promotions; worker initiative was limited to suggestions that fine-tuned a management-controlled production process. Rather than being proactive, Japanese workers were forced to be reactive, the range of their responsibilities being far wider than their span of control. For example, the founder of one production system, Taichi Ohno, routinely gave department managers only 90 percent of the resources needed for production. As soon as workers could meet production goals without working overtime, 10 percent of remaining resources would be removed. Because the "OH! NO!" system continually pushed the production process to the verge of breakdown in an effort to find the minimum resource requirement, critics described it as "management by stress."

The passage is primarily concerned with

(A) contrasting the role of unions in the Japanese auto industry with the role of unions in the United States auto industry after the Second World War
(B) describing unionism and the situation of workers in the Japanese auto industry after the Second World War
(C) providing examples of grievances of Japanese auto workers against the auto industry after the Second World War
(D) correcting a misconception about the role of the foreman in the Japanese auto industry's union system after the Second World War
(E) reasserting the traditional view of the company's role in Japanese auto workers' unions after the Second World War

Question from Power Prep

balkan — Sat, 19 May 2012 09:04:58 -0500

Hi there!

I have a question for you.
I just did one of the tests in Power Prep and when I checked the answers I could not explain to myself why my answer choice is wrong. Can you please give me a hand?

The list of animals that exhibits a preference of either using the right or the left hand (i.e., claw,paw or foot) has been expanded to include the lower vertebraters.

a/ the same
b/ exhibits the preference to use either the right or the left hand (i.e., claw,paw or foot) has been expanded and includes
c/ exhibit a preference in either using the right or the left hand (i.e., claw,paw or foot) has been expanded to include
d/ exhibit a preference for using either the right or the left hand (i.e., claw,paw or foot) has been expanded to include
e/ exhibit the preference as to either using the right or the left hand (i.e., claw,paw or foot) has been expanded and includes

please rate my issue essay

mailtoashish17 — Sat, 19 May 2012 07:47:47 -0500

topic - "Employees should expect no privacy while on the job, even when engaging in personal communication via telephone or e-mail. Employers are paying for their employees'
time and have a reasonable expectation that this time is spent solely on work-related activities.

My response -

Author has raised a question here that whether employees should have any privacy while they are on work. Further author has emphasized that employees should not expect any privacy even when they are engaged in personal communication via telephone or email. Author has given rational behind this point of view that as employers are paying their employees so employers can expect their employees to spend office hours only on work related activities. I completely disagree with author here and support the employee's privacy right even when they are at work.

My strongest belief behind my point of view is that human being is a social animal who is very much affected with his or her work environment. Human can't work like a machine without any break or any personal activity in between work. Even many recent surveys conducted on employees support that employees who are allowed to take small breaks or who are frequently engaged in interactions with other colleagues during office hours are more productive then employees who are not involved in such activities. There should be a healthy environment in office. If employees are only engaged in office related activities without any personal activities then such environment could seriously de motivate employees.

In agreement with my first point, I would like to highlight that nobody can predict when an emergency can arise in ones personal life or one's loved one's life’s e.g. if an employee is at work and there is an emergency at his or her home, then employees has to engage in personal communication. In this situation, employers shall have enough tolerance to allow such personal engagements.

Secondly, I would like to emphasis that everybody has right of privacy even when individual is at work or at any other place. Privacy right should be respected by every one. Although I strongly support that there should be proper balance between individual’s rights and duties, I support the view point that individual should be care full while exercising their rights. When any individual is at work, his or her complete attention shall be on work related tasks and not on his or her personal life related activities.

In sum, I would like to emphasis that it is employer’s right to expect that employees should only work in office hours and should not engage themselves in other personal activities but at the same time employees should respect employees right of privacy and other situation in which employees do not have choice other than to get engaged in personal activates. Employers should try to develop a healthy environment in office where employees are encouraged to more productive not in terms of number of hours work but in terms of work delivered.

Need clarification between "To be" or " to have been"

nikhilarora88 — Sat, 19 May 2012 06:38:23 -0500

A huge flying reptile that died out with the dinosaurs some 65 million years ago, the Quetzalcoatlus had a wingspan of 36 feet, believed to be the largest flying creature the world has ever seen.

(A) and it is believed to have been
B) and it is believed to be
C)Both are correct

"Support of" or "Support from"....

nikhilarora88 — Sat, 19 May 2012 06:31:03 -0500

what's the difference between "to seek support of" and "to seek support from"??

Also what's the difference among native of , native from and native to?

Such as when or as When: whats the difference

nikhilarora88 — Sat, 19 May 2012 06:28:21 -0500

Although it claims to delve into political issues, television can be superficial such as when each of the three major networks broadcast exactly the same statement from a political candidate.
(A) superficial such as when each of the three major networks
(B) superficial, as can sometimes occur if all of the three major networks
(C) superficial if the three major networks all
(D) superficial whenever each of the three major networks
(E) superficial, as when the three major networks each

Twice or Double

nikhilarora88 — Sat, 19 May 2012 06:22:46 -0500

According to surveys by the National Institute on Drug Abuse, about 20 percent of young adults used cocaine in 1979, doubling those reported in the 1977 survey.
(A) doubling those reported in the 1977 survey
(B) to double the number the 1977 survey reported
(C) twice those the 1977 survey reported
(D) twice as much as those reported in the 1977 survey
(E) twice the number reported in the 1977 survey

Verb tense problem

nikhilarora88 — Sat, 19 May 2012 06:20:02 -0500

A recent study has found that within the past few years, many doctors had elected early retirement rather than face the threats of lawsuits and the rising costs of malpractice insurance.
(A) had elected early retirement rather than face
(B) had elected early retirement instead of facing
(C) have elected retiring early instead of facing
(D) have elected to retire early rather than facing
(E) have elected to retire early rather than face

Confused

nikhilarora88 — Sat, 19 May 2012 06:17:47 -0500

A majority of the international journalists surveyed view nuclear power stations as unsafe at present but that they will, or could, be made sufficiently safe in the future.
(A) that they will, or could,
(B) that they would, or could,
(C) they will be or could
(D) think that they will be or could
(E) think the power stations would or could

please rate my issue essay

mailtoashish17 — Sat, 19 May 2012 06:15:15 -0500

Hi, please rate my issue essay, advice improvement areas and point out weak areas. I have GMAT exam next week.
--------------------------------------------
Topic - "Children today have an unprecedented number of options when it comes to entertainment. Since no parent can be aware of all of these options, it falls to the entertainment media to ensure that their content is suitable for young consumers."

Discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the opinion stated above. Support your point of view with reasons and/or examples from your own experience, observations, or reading.
--------------------------------------------
My response -

Author asserts that there is unprecentented number of options available to children when it comes to entertainment. Since no parent can be aware of all of these options so entertainment media ensure that their content is suitable to young consumers. I completely disagree with author that entertainment media should ensure restrictions to access of entertainment contents to young consumer based on their age. Contrary, I strongly believe that parents have primary role in controlling access of such contents to their children and secondarily government should ensure enforcement of laws to restrict access of such content to children.

To begin with my point of view, I would like to highlight that primary purpose of any industry is to generate more and more revenue and profits rather than to take any social responsibility. As government has already set up various laws to categories entertainment contents based on content’s intended audience e.g. adult martial should be categorized as adult or A. Therefore the only responsibility of entertainment media is to categories their contents with such categorization.

In agreement with the above point, entertainment industry can not control access of entertainment contents to any body as neither they have any such legal powers not it is their responsibility. It is the responsibility of government to enforce laws e.g. if there is adult movie released in a movie hall then it is the responsibility of local government that only adults are admitted in movie hall. Same way if there are adult video games available in market then government should ensure that those games are only sold to adults but not to children.

The strongest point of my belief that major responsibility to restrict assess of children to adult content lies with their parent. Although parent can't be aware of all entertainment contents which are available today in market, parents can be aware about entertainment contents which their children are accessing. There are various ways to control such access e.g. today’s TVs are equipped with child lock, computers are equipped with various programs which can be used to monitor activities of kids etc…. At the same time parent can encourage children to take more interest in outdoor sports activities and in creative activities. Such encouragement will definitively decrease their interest in other inappropriate entertainment contents.

In sum, I would like to emphasis that in today’s capitalist market, any industry will focus more on increasing their profits rather than to fulfill social responsibilities. As the same time it is duty of government to enforce laws and duty of parents to have a vigil on their kids so that children do not access entertainment media which is inappropriate for them.

Confused between "to demonstrate" and "in demonstrating"

nikhilarora88 — Sat, 19 May 2012 05:49:21 -0500

According to United States Air Force officials, a cannon shooting dead chickens at airplanes has proved helpful to demonstrate what kind of damage can result when jets fly into a flock of large birds.

(A) shooting dead chickens at airplanes has proved helpful to demonstrate
(B) shooting dead chickens at airplanes has proved itself helpful as a demonstration of
(C) shooting dead chickens at airplanes proves itself helpful as demonstrating
(D) that shoots dead chickens at airplanes proves itself helpful to demonstrate
(E) that shoots dead chickens at airplanes has proved helpful in demonstrating

gwd #27 V25

eybrj2 — Fri, 18 May 2012 20:28:28 -0500

When the history of women
began to receive focused attention
in the 1970’, Eleanor Roosevelt
Line was one of a handful of female
(5) Americans who were well known
to both historians and the general
public. Despite the evidence that
she had been important in socialreform
circles before her husband
(10) was elected President and that
she continued to advocate different
causes than he did, she held
a place in the public imagination
largely because she was the wife
(15) of a particularly influential President.
Her own activities were
seen as preparing the way for her
husband’s election or as a complement
to his programs. Even
(20) Joseph Lash’s two volumes of
Sympathetic biography, Eleanor and
Franklin (1971) and Eleanor: The
Years Alone (1972), reflected this
assumption.
(25) Lash’s biography revealed a
Complicated woman who sought
Through political activity both to
flee inner misery and to promote
causes in which she passionately
(30) believed. However, she still
appeared to be an idiosyncratic
figure, somehow self-generated
not amenable to any generalized
explanation. She emerged from
(35) the biography as a mother to the
entire nation, or as a busybody.
but hardly as a social type, a
figure comprehensible in terms
of broader social developments.
(40) But more recent work on the
feminism of the post-suffrage
years (following 1920) allows us
to see Roosevelt in a different
light and to bring her life into a
(45) more richly detailed context. Lois
Scharf’s Eleanor Roosevelt, written
In 1987, depicts a generation of
Privileged women, born in the late
Nineteenth century and maturing
(50) in the twentieth, who made the
transition from old patterns of
female association to new ones.
Their views and their lives were full
Of contradictions. They maintained
(55) female social networks but began
to integrate women into mainstream
politics; they demanded equal
treatment but also argued that
women’s maternal responsibilities
(60) made them both wards and representatives
of the public interest.
Thanks to Scharf and others,
Roosevelt’s activities—for example,
her support both for labor laws
(65) protecting women and for appointments
of women to high public
office—have become intelligible in
terms of this social context rather
than as the idiosyncratic career of
a famous man’s wife.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Q 23:
The passage as a whole is primarily concerned
with which of the following?
A. Changes in the way in which Eleanor
Roosevelt’s life is understood
B. Social changes that made possible the role
Played by Eleanor Roosevelt in social reform
C. Changes in the ways in which historians have
viewed the lives of American women
D. Social changes that resulted from the activities
of Eleanor Roosevelt
E. Changes in the social roles that American
women have played
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Q 25:
Which of the following studies would proceed in a
way most similar to the way in which, according to
the passage. Scharf’s book interprets Eleanor
Roosevelt’s career?
A. An exploration of the activities of a wealthy
social reformer in terms of the ideals held
by the reformer
B. A history of the leaders of a political party
which explained how the conflicting aims
of its individual leaders thwarted and
diverted the activities of each leader
C. An account of the legislative career of a conservative
senator which showed his goals to
have been derived from a national conservative
movement of which the senator was
a part
D. A biography of a famous athlete which
explained her high level of motivation in terms
of the kind of family in which she grew up
E. A history of the individuals who led the movement
to end slavery in the United States which
attributed the movement’s success to the
efforts of those exceptional individuals
Answer:
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Q 26:
The author cites which of the following as evidence
against the public view of Eleanor Roosevelt held
in the 1970’s?
A. She had been born into a wealthy family.
B. Her political career predated the adoption
of women’s suffrage.
C. She continued her career in politics even
After her husband’s death.
D. She was one of a few female historical
Figures who were well known to historians
By the 1970’s.
E. Her activism predated her husband’s presidency
and her projects differed from his.

GWD #27 V2

eybrj2 — Fri, 18 May 2012 19:12:49 -0500

Q2:
Electronic computer chips made of tiny silicon wafers now regularly contain millions
of electronic switches. Unfortunately, electronic switches that are this small cannot
withstand intense radiation. Micro-Mechanics plans to produce a chip that, because
it uses only microscopic mechanical switches, will be invulnerable to radiation
damage. The switches will, however, be slower than electronic switches and the
chip will contain only 12,000 switches.

For there to be a market for Micro-Mechanicsâ€™ chip as a result of the apparent
advantage described above, each of the following would have to be true EXCEPT:

A. There will be applications in which the speed attainable by an electronic
switch is not essential.

B. Switches used on electronic chips that contain only 12,000 switches are more
vulnerable to radiation damage than the switches on Micro-Mechanicsâ€™ chip
will be.

C. There will be applications for computer chips in environments where the chips
may have to survive intense radiation.

D. Some devices in which computer chips will be used will have other
components that will be able to function during or after exposure to radiation.

E. Manufacturers are able to protect electronic computer chips against exposure
to intense radiation, where this protection is necessary.

Need Verbal improvement (at least V36)

Teoh — Fri, 18 May 2012 11:45:41 -0500

Hi everybody,

I'm french and English non native speaker.

I have troubles with timing in verbal section. During this section, I used to read twice the sentence for SC et twice the stimulus in CR. Thus I used to guess the five last questions in a row at the end.

Here my last scores :
CAT 1 E GMAT Manhattan 5/6/2012 560 42 Math
CAT 1 E GMAT Manhattan 5/6/2012 560 25 Verbal
CAT 2 E GMAT Manhattan 5/8/2012 600 43 Math
CAT 2 E GMAT Manhattan 5/8/2012 600 30 Verbal
Gmat Prep 1 14/05/12 540 47 Math
Gmat Prep 1 14/05/12 540 19 Verbal
Gmat Prep 2 18/05/12 600 44 Math
Gmat Prep 2 18/05/12 600 27 Verbal

I need at least V36 in Verbal. Some advices from Club Gmatters?

Teoh

Length of an essay for good score ( above 5)

gmihir — Fri, 18 May 2012 11:12:19 -0500

Can any experiecned person (who got 5 above in essays) or an expert please recommend what would be the enough length of an essay to get good score (above 5)?

I have read that they recommend 500 words but from my practice I have found that I have been able to only type max 300-350 words and am a little worried now.

Subject Verb agreement

negative — Fri, 18 May 2012 11:02:05 -0500

I am confused with the use of one of. For ex :

Although they are crucially important, a person's total calorie intake is only one of the many factors that determine if their weight will increase or decrease.

In this sentence 'determine' takes the plural form because 'one of the many factors' is plural right?

Now in this sentence..

Since 1989, when the Berlin Wall was demolished, one of the most problematic ethnic groups in the reunified Germany, in terms of cultural and economic assimilation, has been the former East Germans, who have had to acclimate to an entirely different political system.

'one of the most problematic ethnic groups' takes the singular 'has been'.

What am i missing here??

Any explanations would be greatly appreciated..

Negative

Unlike other arachnids, which have their nerve cells

gmihir — Fri, 18 May 2012 10:48:00 -0500

Unlike other arachnids, which have their nerve cells evenly distributed along their bodies, the scorpion’s nerve cells are clustered in its head, like a mammal’s.

A bodies, the scorpion’s nerve cells are clustered in its head, like a mammal’s

B bodies, the scorpion’s head had a cluster of nerve cells, as a mammal does

C body, the scorpion has a cluster of nerve cells in its head, as a mammal does

D body, nerve cells are clustered in the scorpion’s head, like a mammal’s

E body, a cluster of nerve cells is in the scorpion’s head, like a mammal’s

C is the answer, can someon pls explain why "their body" is correct over "their bodies" ?

According to the national science foundation

negative — Fri, 18 May 2012 09:51:25 -0500

I know this question has been discussed on the forum previously, but i am still not sure whether i understand the question fully.

According to the National Science Foundation, in 2003 there were 198,113 female science and engineering graduate students, almost 42% of the graduate students in those fields, twice as much as 1981.

a. twice as much as 1981

b. twice as many as 1981

c. double the figure for 1981

d. double what it was in 1981

e. a number double that of 1981’s

GWD #26 V28

eybrj2 — Thu, 17 May 2012 19:03:37 -0500

Traffic safety officials predict that drivers will be equally likely to exceed the proposed speed limit as the current one.

A. equally likely to exceed the proposed speed limit as
B. equally likely to exceed the proposed speed limit as they are
C. equally likely that they will exceed the proposed speed limit as
D. as likely that they will exceed the proposed speed limit as
E. as likely to exceed the proposed speed limit as they are.

GWD #26 V25

eybrj2 — Thu, 17 May 2012 18:39:37 -0500

In colonial Connecticut between
1670 and 1719, women participated
in one of every six civil cases, the
vast majority of which were debt-
(5) related. Women’s participation
dropped to one in ten cases after
1719, and to one in twenty by the
1770’s. however, as Cornelia
Hughes Dayton notes in Women
(10) Before the Bar: Gender, Law,
and Society in Connecticut,
1639-1789, these statistics are
somewhat deceptive: in fact,
both the absolute numbers and
(15) the percentage of adult women
participating in civil cases grew
steadily throughout the eighteenth
century, but the legal activity of
men also increased dramatically,
(20) and at a much faster rate. Single,
married, and widowed women
continued to pursue their own and
their husbands’ debtors through
legal action much as they had
(25) done in the previous century, but
despite this continuity, their place
in the legal system shifted
dramatically. Men’s commercial
interests and credit networks
(30) became increasingly far-flung,
owing in part to the ability of
creditors to buy and sell promissory
notes (legal promises to
pay debts). At the same time,
(35) women’s networks of credit and
debt remained primarily local and
personal. Dayton contends that,
although still performing crucial
economic services in their
(40) communities—services that
contributed to the commercialization
of the colonial economy—women
remained for the most part outside
the new economic and legal culture
of the eighteenth century.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Q25
The passage is primarily concerned with
A. reporting an author’s view of a phenomenon
B. disputing the reasons usually given for an
unexpected change
C. evaluating the conclusions reached by an
author
D. assessing the impact of certain legal
decisions.
E. defending a controversial point of view
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Q26
According to the passage, compared with women
in eighteenth-century Connecticut, men were
A. more likely to rely on credit and go into debt
B. more likely to pursue their families’ debtors
C. more likely to participate in economic transactions
outside their own communities
D. less likely to perform economic services
in their own communities.
E. less likely to participate in civil cases that
were not debt-related.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Q27
The passage suggests that which of the following
best compares the economic concerns of women
with those of men toward the close of the eighteenth
Century in colonial Connecticut?
(A)Both men and women had more economic
responsibilities at the end of the century
than they had had at the beginning of the
century.
(B)Women’s economic activities had become
less varied by the end of the century;
men’s economic activities had become
more varied.
(C)Women’s economic activities at the end of
the century were similar to their activities
at the beginning; men’s economic activities
changed considerably.
(D)Women’s economic concerns at the end of
the century were primarily familial; men’s
economic concerns were primarily political.
(E)Women’s economic concerns at the end of
the century were primarily personal; men’s
economic needs were primarily familial.

gwd #26 V18

eybrj2 — Thu, 17 May 2012 17:23:14 -0500

A medieval manuscript called L contains all eighteen extant tragedies by the Greek playwright uripides. Of these, ten called the “select plays,” are accompanied in L by ancient commentaries and also appear in other medieval manuscripts; this group includes some of Euripides’ best-known works, including the Medea. The other eight, which appear in alphabetical order, without commentary. The Electra is one of the alphabeticals.

Which of the following can be reliably concluded on the basis of the
Statements given?

A. Only Euripides’ best-known works are accompanied by ancient commentaries in extant medieval manuscripts.

B. The select plays are accompanied by ancient commentaries because they were the best known of Euripides’ works.

C. No commentaries were written about Euripides’ Electra in ancient times.

D. Euripides’ Medeanever appears in medieval manuscripts unaccompanied by ancient commentary.

E. Euripides’ Electra does not appear accompanied by a commentary in any extant medieval manuscript

requires of "subject" to+verb or requires of "subject" verb

gmihir — Thu, 17 May 2012 11:03:29 -0500

Because of the enormous research and development expenditures required to survive in the electronics industry, an industry marked by rapid innovation and volatile demand, such firms tend to be very large.
(A) to survive
(B) of firms to survive
(C) for surviving
(D) for survival
(E) for firms’ survival

Also, what's wrong with E?

requires of "subject" to+verb or requires of "subject" verb

gmihir — Thu, 17 May 2012 11:03:20 -0500