Is DNS crucial for a Business?

Indeed. In my one of my post, I have explained how crucial is DNS for a business operation. This is to ensure clients can reach you securely. This means you are able to verify and validate the business identities easily and conveniently. For example,

1. Google requires to verify your identity over google search display, email configuration
2. Tripadvisor will only accept the business claim which is filed through a business official mail
3. Google Analytics will let you see what type of users accessing your website along with more of other information

Commonly used DNS DNS records

Image Source: Presslabs

There are a large number of DNS entries that exist in the technology world. However, a handful of records are crucial for business operation.

• NS record – Name Server record, a crucial entry pointing to a location where all other DNS records are managed. All your business A, AAAA, MX… etc., records are maintained and cached here. Service providers will probably offer two (primary & secondary) or more for backup/redundancy (e.g.: ns1.domain.com, ns2.domain.com). If you are provided with a single NS address, it is time you move immediately to elsewhere. 
• A record – An address record, widely used to map a hostname to an IPv4 address. This simply means, letting others know that “www.domain.com” is located under the service IP of 192.168.1.1. So, the users can reach the destination accordingly.
• AAAA record – An address record, similar to “A” record. The difference is, this record supports any IPv6 addresses. This is less in use and is used by giants like Google, Youtube, Netflix.. Etc. 
• CNAME record – Canonical Name record, used mostly to alias an “A” or “AAAA” record. For example, if you require users to reach your website with and without “www”, or to another domain name, you can do so with this. There are other use cases, but let’s just say, we use it for this purpose.
• MX record – Mail Exchange record, holds the mail receiving location. This is often set with multiple mail exchangers using priorities. This ensures emails are not just bounced if one exchange is down. Similar to NS records.
  • TXT record – Text record, a form of text record that lets a domain administrator enter human-readable texts. This is mostly used for email communication validation, ownership confirmations, domain authentications… etc.
  • SPF (Sender Policy Framework) – Help email servers to determine the authenticity of the and ownership of the domain.
  • DKIM (DomainKeys Identified Mail) – An email authentication method used to detect spams, forged sender addresses mails.
  • DMARC (Domain-based Message Authentication, Reporting and Conformance) – A mechanism used by email domain owners to protect the domains from email spoofing.. Etc.
• PTR record – PTR Resource Record, used to do reverse DNS lookups. Good to know, but not used in the case of a business unless otherwise required.

These are the mainly used ones when setting up any kind of DNS records on the web. However, there are more other records which you can learn about from Wikipedia.

Required DNS records for Business operation

Most of the above, if not few, will be crucial for services like website/hosting, email… etc., to function. This, in fact, requires a fair technical knowledge to set-up for the business operation as well. Configuring such entries will be dependent on how the business operates in online space and what services are utilized. It is wiser to consult webmaster experts to support your business requirement if you do not know what you are dealing with.

Is it worth using? How can I benefit with Everything?

By the look, it is a tiny software but an advance user can customize their search with strings. Results within the application displays as you type and they produce basic results. However, using the advance functions allow the users to construct the searches to match the argument. In simple words, below shown is a basic text string search that displays all the corresponding TXT documents.

Basic text string search

And below shown is a complex search using SIZE string specifically within a location

Size string search on a specific location

Compared to other search engines including Window’s inbuilt feature, Everything tends to use lesser memory. It is said to use around 15 – 30MB back when Windows XP was in use. However, at present according to my task manager statistics, it takes about 160MB of space. Below snapshot was taken while I have used Everything and could be the reason to show higher usage.

Visit their official website to get to know more about the software and its usage. I’m sure you’ll find it useful and start using it.

Geek’s Conclusion

With every solution comes pros and cons. Likewise, Everything is not safe to use in a multi-user environment. Because, it requires to change the NTFS journal as well as its capability to wither run with Administrative privileged or as a service, which is exposed to display and index all the files and folders. This simply means that non-administrative user is likely to see the results which do not reside on his/her user premises.

I have not tested to see whether this is true or not as I found this on Wikipedia.

Starting a Business of any scale is no easy task. Deriving the perfect plan from the greatest idea of getting it funded, having a creative team behind, a handful of services to offer. Similarly, the next most crucial thing for businesses is to have an online presence on many of its services over the internet. What services may you ask? These include but not limited to having a domain name secured for the business, showcasing the entire service portfolio/services, using official email addresses to show the authenticity of the business & many more.  All these services are controlled and contributed by the one-man army, DNS (Domain Name Service).

Benefits of having an online presence?

Having an online presence is the most crucial part of a business if you need to reach or your customers to reach you. How you may ask?

1. Domain Name – As important as having an address/location of the business, securing a domain name crucial too. Because this is your permanent identity in the online world. Securing the name matching your business proves the identity of your business and is unshaken.
2. Website – When you secure a business name domain, the next is to simply showcase your service with a simplified domain for starters. Most providers in-fact give free templates a compliment service. This will interest people who search your business to understand you even before contact you.
3. Email – Conversing to your customers using business email creates trust and unique identity as to how well business operation is. That trust alone blooms the business and relationship of the consumers further.
4. Cost-Effectiveness – Expense to have an online presence is less if you plan it right. Most crucial services to any business is a domain, webspace to host websites and an email service to communicate. As for the rest, it can grow with the business.

If you ever have trouble deciding where to buy the domain, what type of hosting/email service is suitable for the business… etc., you can consult freelance experts from places such as Fiverr, Upwork… etc.

How DNS contributes to your Business?

Domain Name System (DNS, in short) is your front face of the business with speedy response times and providing ultra-fast performance to the website. Without it, there’s no online presence and there’s no way of reaching your business space. All the benefits I have mentioned above are connected and contributed by DNS. In a more simplified term, it can make your business or break your business. Getting to know how DNS works can give you more control over your online presence.

DNS is the key component that directs users to your website, send email to your mailbox and handles any other queries that are supposed to be handled. Therefore, choosing a good provider for DNS is as crucial as it is for business. This defines the speedy response of the business whenever a user requests information from your business domain.

How can it relate to Business Email deliveries?

Mail Exchangers (MX, in short) is a DNS entry responsible for email delivery. When a DNS server is at peak or unreachable the senders’ server will not know where and how to deliver the mail, leaving it to bounce. In fact, having a low-quality service can also lead to blacklisting emails over the internet where the business domain gets lower scores. This will lead to various issues on email delivery. 

Therefore, having an authentic and reliable DNS server means better email delivery and response time. If your business emails are transactional, it is more ideal to set-up email with the renown email service providers such as Office365, Google Suite & Zoho. These services offer not only email but also various insights and reports of the email usage. If you are too unsure on setting up these, you may consult freelance experts to set-up email services.

Conclusion

Do not simply buy services that would benefit and impact your business and revenue. This may look too technical to understand the system, but hey, so is starting up a business. There is plenty of support available including the DNS providers themselves offering support. You can always seek support from freelance sites to get help in setting up your DNS right, at the beginning.

Microsoft Flow, a cloud-based service which helps to create automated workflows between your favorite apps and services to get notifications, synchronize files, collect data, and more.

Why did you use this?

My daywork schedule involves meetings and appointments during work hours, sometimes traveling too. And my spouse expressed her concern of me either ignoring calls or the number is not reachable at times. She do not know if I’m at a meeting or available or even if there’s a reason for not picking up the call. I tried the traditional way of sharing my work calendar to her personal mail and guess what? my work email has a policy restriction that I cannot share beyond organization domain.

Is sharing work calendars with Confidential information a good thing, you may ask? Not at all. You can customize the workflow according to your need provided you know how to get around with Microsoft Flow conditions. Now, I’m not a fan of running software application on my computer just to achieve a simple task. This is where Microsoft flow comes in handy.

How easy the Microsoft Flow set up?

Set-up is fairly an easy process and this is how I did it. Firstly, login to Microsoft Flow to see if you’re able to access the respective platform using the same email/office365 credentials. If you’re in, then you’re good to go. Now, login to Google Calendar using you GMAIL account where the calendar settings should be configured.

• On the main Calendar dashboard you’ll see “Other calendars” with a “+” (plus) sign. Click on it and “create a new calendar“. I did this to avoid my office events getting replicated in to my main personal calendar. And the best part is, you can unsubscribe/un-select the created one to avoid seeing duped events.

• Pretty much simple process. Create the calendar, provide necessary calendar information and the time zone, then create.

• Once done, go to Microsoft Flow page, where you’ll see a list of “popular services” in which select “Google calendar“.

• You’ll be taken a page where various automation listed. Select “Copy new events in Office365 to Google calendar and send a notification“.

• On the given flow dashboard, login to your gmail account with the information, allow permissions, and continue.

• The flow will be presented, at the beginning, it will say “Calendar Id” with a default selection of “calendar”. Leave it as is.

• On the conditions, there’ll be two options, one with “yes” and the other with “no”. On the “yes”, leave the “html to text” as default and move to “create an event”.

• In this select the Calendar you have just created, and leave the rest as is if you do not want to play around. This is where you can edit/modify the way calendar should be posted in to your google calendar. Any sensitive information that would fall in the body, can be simply removed.

From this moment on Flow will monitor and pass on the event information to the said Google calendar for posting. Below seen are some testing I have conducted to ensure its working.

Test 01 – Created a test meeting on my office calendar

Test 02 – Requested an invite from a colleague to my office calendar

Image Source: Mashable

Few of the best smart devices for your perfect selfie

Honor 9N

Huawei Honor 9N – The all new Honor 9N is a great selfie camera and the best part about this phone is that it is pretty much affordable as well. The phone sports a 16 MP selfies camera which allows you to capture detailed photos. You can also click photos in portrait mode and even add beauty mode and 3D effects. It is excellent for daylight shots but it may have trouble capturing selfies in low light conditions. You can also click pictures with blur backgrounds. This blur background is created by the AI instead of the secondary camera lens. The phone also sports dual rear camera which are 13 MP + 2 MP and are great for clicking photos in portrait mode. The phone has a bezel less display which is another highlight of this affordable beauty.

Galaxy A8 Plus

Samsung Galaxy A8 Plus 2018 – Samsung Galaxy A8 Plus was launched in January 2018 which is known to be a Dual selfie camera. It is very reasonably priced according to the camera that we get. With a 16 MP + 8 MP lens, you can now click great selfies even in low light and it also has the Live Focus feature. A profound bokeh effect can also be added to your selfies and you can also adjust the blurry effect as per your preference. It also has beauty features which allow you to beautify your selfies by slimming, face smoothing, eye broadening etc. which will make your selfies stand out.

OnePlus 6T

 OnePlus 6T – This new phone by the Chinese manufacturer is the best value for money. This phone has a dual rear camera setup but apart from that it also has one of the best front cameras. You’ll be delighted to see 16 MP, F 2.0 apertures, front camera which would help you click excellent selfies. This one has Sony IMX 71 sensor. The camera on this model is almost the same as on OnePlus 5T. To capture a better video with less shakiness, the front camera also has EIS. With your OnePlus 6T, you can easily record videos suitable for YouTube or Facebook if you are Vlogger or run a channel. You can capture beautiful portrait shots with fixed focus and Auto HDR mode with the Sony IMX 371. The camera also has a 1.0-micron lens to capture more light and 16MP resolution ensuring the details in your selfies. Moreover, it also has a screen flash allowing you to capture great photos in low lights. The beautify mode comes with adjustment features which can let you add effect according to your choice. You can have your skin tone enhanced for greater selfies.

Redmi Note6

 Xiaomi Redmi Note 6 Pro – Xiaomi’s new phone, Redmi Note 6 Pro was launched in October’18. It sports an impressive Dual front selfie camera with 20+2 MP resolution. It is just perfect for clicking selfies in any light condition and you can also click amazing portraits with the feature of blurring the background. This way, the selfies look more natural because the secondary camera id depth sensing. You can now click photos with stickers or with portrait lighting. Face beautify feature can also be used using the Redmi Note 6 Pro camera. The rear camera has an even better effect and comes with 12+5 MP Samsung sensor support HDR, AI, fancy backlighting as well as 4K video support. At this affordable price, you get a great phone and a great camera.

Oppo F9 Pro

 Oppo F9 Pro – Oppo is known to have a selfie focused camera. The F9 Pro, launched in August 2018 is a great phone with 6GB RAM + 64GB but the most important feature, of course is the camera. It has a 25 Megapixel AI powered selfie camera. It uses AI beauty and HDR sensor technologies that are best for capturing selfies. The features are recognized and individually beautified by the New AI Beauty Technology 2.0. Facial optimization is also Oppo’s feature and it taps on 296 spots of positioning. A new mode is also there called the vivid mode which enhances the color saturation of the subject and the backdrop making the photos look more and more beautiful.

You can get all these smartphones in Sri Lanka at best prices as they offer value for money and the quality of the phones is excellent.

Exploring and Setting up of Captive Portal

Once the firewall setup is successful, simply navigate to Services -> Captive portal to start the setup. Upon navigation, click on Add which will prompt to create a zone and present you with further setting up of captive portal.

Upon selecting Enable Captive Portal, the options will expand to select and tune according our requirements. I will cover the most important settings that is required for the captive portal to function properly.

Captive portal general configuration

Description – Description can be kept as is or can be anything of your choice to type.

Interfaces – Absolutely an important and the whole captive portal function is depending on which interface you wanted to run on. Usually it will be on GUEST or PUBLIC related interface or most likely the same LAN interface.

Maximum concurrent connections – This option is to limit the number of users who can be able to join the given captive portal subnet. This doesn’t mean the number of users but the connections/sessions a single IP/Host can establish to the portal. Like concurrent connections in a general firewall component.

Idle timeout – Idle timeout is best when running a captive portal based on time or quota. This will ensure to timeout/disconnect the user when on idle for given minutes.

Hard timeout – This is recommended when idle time is set. This means, disconnect the user session irrespective of the idle time.

Traffic Quota – These are in Megabytes as they represent the weightage of the total DATA consumption (inclusive of upload/download). Can be used if required.

Logout popup window – A good feature to have if you’re commercializing this option to your customers. If not can be ignored. One major flaw is the blocking of pop-ups by modern web browsers.

After authentication Redirection URL – This is best to promote your business or showcase your company portfolio post successful login of captive portal users. Can be ignored if not really required.

Per-user bandwidth restriction – A good to have feature if you want to restrict bandwidth to certain level per users. Do note, this is in Kilobits as they represent speeds of the internet access. I would not recommend doing as they are other ways to achieve restrictions as well as prioritizing traffics within the pfsense.

Use custom captive portal page – A good one to use knowing you have knowledge in coding and customizing the portal of your choice. Otherwise, the default page comes handy in the new pfsense release

Captive Portal Login Page

Display customer logo image – Using pfsense’s default page, you can add a customer logo of your choice.

Display custom background image – For uploading a background of your choice

Terms and Conditions – you know what it means

Authentication

Authentication method – A better explanatory is given within the option itself. However, when using Use an Authentication backend option, be sure to either add the local users to captive portal login access or simply create a group with the privilege.

I chose to create a group with the privilege, which makes it easier and all I have to do is add the users to the group for access. To the this, click on Systems -> Users manager -> select Groups to create a group, add the users who requires captive portal access and also assign the priviledge ”User – Services: Captive Portal login” and save.

Authentication Server – Must be Local Database or you can create AD database using the user manager under Authentication servers’ option. Refer to my article on creating windows authentication for better understanding.

HTTPS options

HTTPS server name – it is ideal to simply give the firewall name with no other domain details included. This will avoid unnecessary redirects. If needed, you can add that to the pfSense’s DNS resolver or to the DNS which is handling your client queries.

SSL Certificate – This is again something unavoidable when forcing SSL. Since the certificates are not signed by valid CA’s, user’s browsers will get error but hey at least an intruder won’t be able to see what password the user is typing. This can be played around with MITM (man in the middle) attacks, however, everything is a risk. If sitting on a public, you may do so.

HTTPS Forwards – Not something that is required.

These settings will fairly get your captive portal up and running without errors. Also, I have not discussed about voucher-based authentications and RADIUS MAC authentication as it requires a bit more lab tests for me to write accurately.

GeekLK Tips

MACs, Allowed Hostnames & Allowed IP Addresses – This can be used to the users or hosts who you do not want to present the captive portal on certain URLs, IP Addresses.. etc. It allows the users simply to access said allowed traffic without captive portal prompt. This can be used for the clients as well as a white-list to avoid prompts. However, when using the client option, ensure they are on DHCP reservations to avoid another leased client misusing through the same IP. Or the best option is to add MAC addresses of such devices as they are unique to every device ever on earth.

File Manager – This is where you upload your customer login itineraries such as logo, login page, error page… etc, with a notation of “captiveportal-“ in the front.

Image Source: Official Viber Blog

According Viber’s about page, Currently one billion users are served worldwide as we speak. So, the giants have put some thoughts keep its users active while giving something new to try often.

So, What’s new with Viber?

New look of the current Viber release is by far the lightest and the fastest ever produced. The application is available to download on both iOS and Android stores for its users. This new look is in-fact a complete redesign, ensuring a smoother operation and friendly navigation. According to Viber, the focus was implementing a simpler navigation while improving access to things like private and group chats, communities, chatbots, and so on. Its not just the end, it also includes;

• Compact and Sleek home with lesser options – Home screen of the Viber app includes Chat, Calls and More. Chat showcases all the chats in their recent order, where new chat option provide various easy options such as new group, broadcast and community creation while also showing the contact details (including recent and the viber active list). Similarly, calls display the recent calls and the contacts. More, button navigates directly to the settings function.

Image Source: Official Viber Blog

• New and exciting ways to connect – The new community allows users to have better admin control and management with unlimited users, moderation tools, regular chat functions with the full chat history. Most importantly staying private as the phone numbers of the members in communities will be hidden
• Hidden number chat – Though community hides the number, this feature allows users to chat with the community users without having to share the number

Image Source: Official Viber Blog

• Group call option – Gone are those days doing a 6-way conference using the carrier. Viber simply enabled the long-awaited group call facility up to 5 users on a single voice call.

Image Source: Official Viber Blog

GeekLK suggestion and opinions

While the new design features enrich our Viber usage more productively, GeekLK team thought of some more fruitful features that would have been better.

• Current version of theme brings a white and a bright view of the Viber app. It would be better, if Viber can provide an optional dark theme view. This is a common feature widely available in most of the popular apps like, Twitter, YouTube… etc.
• The group voice call feature is nice to have, and it had taken some time for Viber to give this facility. It will also be best if Viber can allow video feature on the same.

While that debate is ongoing, I have discovered an interesting issue that went unnoticed on my secondary WhatsApp account. Now you may question, what in the world is “secondary”. If you did not know, most of the current Android phones now support certain applications that can have multiple instance. In short, it is called parallels.

Long story in short!

I recently opted for a new challenge and I had to start using my new company given number by ditching the existing. For some reason, I did not want move my WhatsApp from the existing number to the new one, but convinced to move my Viber. While thinking of what to do, I noticed, I can simply run another instance of WhatsApp having my second number activated. How cool is that now!

Without a second thought, I activated and it was all fine until I noticed that some of my newly added contact were not picking their names, but the number. I was quite astound to see what I didn’t notice all this while. My inner thought said, it is a simple issue, just Google it.

What was the issue?

There were few work around but I was not interested to meddle with tweaks. Hence, started digging more about how I can overcome this WhatsApp issue and found an easier way while reading over some comments on a forum. As I’m writing this a bit late, I have unfortunately missed the link from where I found to reference.

Nevertheless, the SOLUTION IS AS SIMPLE AS adding the said contact and refreshing it over second WhatsApp (parallel app) instant. Below image journey will explain how it is done, if you do not understand.

Replying to Individual and Group messages

You never have to feel missed out on a chat ever. Reply option will easily help you and other understand, what are you talking about or for what you have commented. But hey, it just doesn’t have to be text, you can entertain the reply using GIFs, Videos and more on Viber for Desktop. Now remember! Whether it is a one-on-one or a group, use reply to make it fun and meaningful conversation.

Image Source | Viber Official Blog

Pin messages to the top of the group

Pinning sounds common as the famous social media stream such as Facebook, Twitter… etc provides showcase important single message to the viewers. Likewise, Viber now allows an important (only one) message to be pinned on a group chat so that others can see at a glance knowing what’s the catch of the group now.

Image Source | Official Blog

I have personally tried the Pin message option it lets you Pin only a single message that’s important at once. Also, the other use has the right to either pin on of his/her message or use the pin option type and pin a new message (see below)

Image Source | Official Blog

Star using Viber and convey messages conveniently now!

I configured bunch of those switches not knowing the consequences we had to face later. Well, we are not the Mr. perfect on all the technological challenges, let’s admit it. And these are located in a city (Malé, Maldives) that is famous for it unannounced power interruptions. A UPS (uninterruptible power supply) is a must have for servers and networks over here. Provided we have UPS in place, that alone will only suffice to safe shutdown systems within a limited time.

Issue and the solution!

Power-cuts kicked in a few times and and the switch was indeed troubling to boot up, then stopped by itself all of a sudden. This left me no choice but to look into the screen using the console and look what I have found.

Starting......
Press Ctrl+D to access BASIC BOOT MENU

.........

.........

Press Ctrl+B to access EXTENDED BOOT MENU...0
Loading the main image files...
Loading file flash:/1950-cmw710-system-r3109p05.bin.............................

................................Done.
Image file flash:/1950-cmw710-system-r3109p05.bin is invalid!
Loading the backup boot and system image files...
The image does not exist!
Loading images fails.
Loading the main boot image...
Loading file flash:/1950-cmw710-boot-r3109p05.bin...........Done.
Image file flash:/1950-cmw710-boot-r3109p05.bin is self-decompressing...........

 

................................................................................

..................................Done.
System is starting...
<boot>

Aha! there’s no image to boot the system hence its struggling come up live. And notice the <boot> prompt with  A bit of Googling directed me to this Advisory link which clearly explains the NAND flash issue. Nevertheless, steps given within the document is a clunky. My last option is to depend on the HPE switch forums and I composed a post. Few hours later, I received a reply and it continued until I saw the release notes PDF which clearly explained the flashing procedure.

Referring to the document that was linked on the post made the switch boot and it worked flawlessly. Herewith, I put the steps that I referred and also the links above for your further understanding;

ÿ
Starting......
Press Ctrl+D to access BASIC BOOT MENU

********************************************************************************

* *

* HP 1950-48G-2SFP+-2XGT Switch BOOTROM, Version 124 *

* *

********************************************************************************

Copyright (c) 2010-2015 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P.

Creation Date : Apr 13 2015, 14:45:33
CPU Clock Speed : 400MHz
Memory Size : 1024MB
Flash Size : 512MB
CPLD Version : 001
PCB Version : Ver.D
Mac Address : 2c233ad7aa60

 

Press Ctrl+B to access EXTENDED BOOT MENU...0

Password recovery capability is enabled.

EXTENDED BOOT MENU

1. Download image to flash
2. Select image to boot
3. Display all files in flash
4. Delete file from flash
5. Restore to factory default configuration
6. Enter BootRom upgrade menu
7. Skip current system configuration
8. Set switch startup mode
0. Reboot
Ctrl+Z: Access EXTENDED ASSISTANT MENU
Ctrl+F: Format file system
Ctrl+P: Change authentication for console login
Ctrl+R: Download image to SDRAM and run
Ctrl+C: Display Copyright

Enter your choice(0-8): 1

1. Set TFTP protocol parameters
2. Set FTP protocol parameters
3. Set XMODEM protocol parameters
0. Return to boot menu

Enter your choice(0-3): 1

Load File Name :1950-CMW710-R3116.ipe
:update.ipe
Server IP Address :10.2.7.39
Local IP Address :10.2.3.20
Subnet Mask :255.255.240.0
Gateway IP Address :0.0.0.0

Are you sure to download file to flash? Yes or No (Y/N):Y
Loading...Failed!

EXTENDED BOOT MENU

1. Download image to flash
2. Select image to boot
3. Display all files in flash
4. Delete file from flash
5. Restore to factory default configuration
6. Enter BootRom upgrade menu
7. Skip current system configuration
8. Set switch startup mode
0. Reboot
Ctrl+Z: Access EXTENDED ASSISTANT MENU
Ctrl+F: Format file system
Ctrl+P: Change authentication for console login
Ctrl+R: Download image to SDRAM and run
Ctrl+C: Display Copyright

Enter your choice(0-8): 1

1. Set TFTP protocol parameters
2. Set FTP protocol parameters
3. Set XMODEM protocol parameters
0. Return to boot menu

Enter your choice(0-3): 1

Load File Name :update.ipe
:
Server IP Address :10.2.7.39
Local IP Address :10.2.3.20
Subnet Mask :255.255.240.0
Gateway IP Address :0.0.0.0

Are you sure to download file to flash? Yes or No (Y/N):Y
Loading...Failed!

EXTENDED BOOT MENU

1. Download image to flash
2. Select image to boot
3. Display all files in flash
4. Delete file from flash
5. Restore to factory default configuration
6. Enter BootRom upgrade menu
7. Skip current system configuration
8. Set switch startup mode
0. Reboot
Ctrl+Z: Access EXTENDED ASSISTANT MENU
Ctrl+F: Format file system
Ctrl+P: Change authentication for console login
Ctrl+R: Download image to SDRAM and run
Ctrl+C: Display Copyright

Enter your choice(0-8):

EXTENDED BOOT MENU

1. Download image to flash
2. Select image to boot
3. Display all files in flash
4. Delete file from flash
5. Restore to factory default configuration
6. Enter BootRom upgrade menu
7. Skip current system configuration
8. Set switch startup mode
0. Reboot
Ctrl+Z: Access EXTENDED ASSISTANT MENU
Ctrl+F: Format file system
Ctrl+P: Change authentication for console login
Ctrl+R: Download image to SDRAM and run
Ctrl+C: Display Copyright

Enter your choice(0-8):

EXTENDED BOOT MENU

1. Download image to flash
2. Select image to boot
3. Display all files in flash
4. Delete file from flash
5. Restore to factory default configuration
6. Enter BootRom upgrade menu
7. Skip current system configuration
8. Set switch startup mode
0. Reboot
Ctrl+Z: Access EXTENDED ASSISTANT MENU
Ctrl+F: Format file system
Ctrl+P: Change authentication for console login
Ctrl+R: Download image to SDRAM and run
Ctrl+C: Display Copyright

Enter your choice(0-8): 1

1. Set TFTP protocol parameters
2. Set FTP protocol parameters
3. Set XMODEM protocol parameters
0. Return to boot menu

Enter your choice(0-3): 1

Load File Name :update.ipe
:
Server IP Address :10.2.7.39
Local IP Address :10.2.3.20
Subnet Mask :255.255.240.0
Gateway IP Address :0.0.0.0

Are you sure to download file to flash? Yes or No (Y/N):Y
Loading...Failed!

EXTENDED BOOT MENU

1. Download image to flash
2. Select image to boot
3. Display all files in flash
4. Delete file from flash
5. Restore to factory default configuration
6. Enter BootRom upgrade menu
7. Skip current system configuration
8. Set switch startup mode
0. Reboot
Ctrl+Z: Access EXTENDED ASSISTANT MENU
Ctrl+F: Format file system
Ctrl+P: Change authentication for console login
Ctrl+R: Download image to SDRAM and run
Ctrl+C: Display Copyright

Enter your choice(0-8): 1

1. Set TFTP protocol parameters
2. Set FTP protocol parameters
3. Set XMODEM protocol parameters
0. Return to boot menu

Enter your choice(0-3): 1

Load File Name :update.ipe
:1950-CMW710-R3116.ipe
Server IP Address :10.2.7.39
Local IP Address :10.2.3.20
Subnet Mask :255.255.240.0
Gateway IP Address :0.0.0.0

Are you sure to download file to flash? Yes or No (Y/N):Y
Loading.........................................................................

 

 

................................................................................

...................................Done.
Please input the file attribute (Main/Backup/None) M
Image file 1950-cmw710-system-r3116.bin is self-decompressing...
Free space: 459253760 bytes
Writing flash...................................................................

................................................................................

..................................Done.
Image file 1950-cmw710-boot-r3116.bin is self-decompressing...
Free space: 397637632 bytes
Writing flash..............................Done.

EXTENDED BOOT MENU

1. Download image to flash
2. Select image to boot
3. Display all files in flash
4. Delete file from flash
5. Restore to factory default configuration
6. Enter BootRom upgrade menu
7. Skip current system configuration
8. Set switch startup mode
0. Reboot
Ctrl+Z: Access EXTENDED ASSISTANT MENU
Ctrl+F: Format file system
Ctrl+P: Change authentication for console login
Ctrl+R: Download image to SDRAM and run
Ctrl+C: Display Copyright

Enter your choice(0-8): 0
Starting......
Press Ctrl+D to access BASIC BOOT MENU

********************************************************************************

* *

* HP 1950-48G-2SFP+-2XGT Switch BOOTROM, Version 124 *

* *

********************************************************************************

Copyright (c) 2010-2015 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P.

Creation Date : Apr 13 2015, 14:45:33
CPU Clock Speed : 400MHz
Memory Size : 1024MB
Flash Size : 512MB
CPLD Version : 001
PCB Version : Ver.D
Mac Address : 2c233ad7aa60

 

Press Ctrl+B to access EXTENDED BOOT MENU...0
Loading the main image files...
Loading file flash:/1950-cmw710-system-r3116.bin................................

.............................Done.
Loading file flash:/1950-cmw710-boot-r3116.bin.............Done.

Extended BootRom Version is not equal,updating? (Y/N):
Updating extended BootRom.......................................................

................................Done.
Basic BootRom Version is not equal,updating? (Y/N):
Updating Basic BootRom..........................................................

..................................Done.
BootRom updated,System is rebooting now.
Starting......
Press Ctrl+D to access BASIC BOOT MENU

********************************************************************************

* *

* HPE 1950-48G-2SFP+-2XGT Switch BOOTROM, Version 147 *

* *

********************************************************************************

Copyright (c) 2010-2017 Hewlett Packard Enterprise Development LP

Creation Date : Apr 5 2017, 12:55:45
CPU Clock Speed : 400MHz
Memory Size : 1024MB
Flash Size : 512MB
CPLD Version : 001
PCB Version : Ver.D
Mac Address : 2c233ad7aa60

 

Press Ctrl+B to access EXTENDED BOOT MENU...0
Loading the main image files...
Loading file flash:/1950-cmw710-system-r3116.bin................................

.............................Done.
Loading file flash:/1950-cmw710-boot-r3116.bin............Done.

Image file flash:/1950-cmw710-boot-r3116.bin is self-decompressing..............

 

..............................................................Done.
System is starting...
Cryptographic algorithms tests passed.
Line aux0 is available.

 

Press ENTER to get started.
login: admin
Password: