Geeky Programmer

Hacker-Rank Problem Solution (UCER-PYTHON)

noreply@blogger.com (Mohammad Saquib Khan) — Sun, 01 Sep 2019 11:33:00 +0000

HACKER - RANK PROBLEM SOLUTION
UCER _PYTHON

{Coded by: Mohammad Saquib khan}

1. Find the number of Vowels,Consonants,Digits

Source Code:
str=input()
def countCharacterType(str):
vowels = 0
consonant = 0
specialChar = 0
digit = 0

for i in range(0, len(str)):
ch = str[i]
if ( (ch >= 'a' and ch <= 'z') or
(ch >= 'A' and ch <= 'Z') ):
ch = ch.lower()
if (ch == 'a' or ch == 'e' or ch == 'i'
or ch == 'o' or ch == 'u'):
vowels += 1
else:
consonant += 1
elif (ch >= '0' and ch <= '9'):

digit +=1
print(vowels)
print(consonant)
print(digit)
countCharacterType(str)

2.Pyramid Star pattern 1

Source Code:
def full_pyramid(rows):

for i in range(rows):

print(' '*(rows-i-1) + '*'*(2*i+1))

n=int(input())

full_pyramid(n)

3. Mirrored Right triangle star pattern

Source code:
k=0
j=0
n=int(input())
for i in range(1,n+1):
for j in range(0,n-i):
print("",end=" ")
for k in range(1,i+1):
print("*",end="")
print()

4. Right triangle star pattern

Source code:
def pypattern(n):
for i in range(0, n):
for j in range(0, i+1):
print("*",end="")
print("\r")
n = int(input())
pypattern(n)

5.Factorial using Recurrsion

Source code:
def factorial(n):
return 1 if (n==1 or n==0) else n * factorial(n - 1);
num = int(input())
print(factorial(num))

6.Print Table

Source code:
n=int(input())
for i in range(1,11):
j=i*n
print(n,"*",i,"=",j)

7.Find the Maximum:

Source code:
a=int(input())
b=int(input())
c=int(input())
if(a>b and a>c):
print(a)
elif(b>a and b>c):
print(b)
else:
print(c)

8.Find the Factorial using Function

Source code:
a=int(input())
f=1
for i in range(1,a+1):
f=f*i
print(f)

9.Arithmetic Operators

Source code:
if __name__ == '__main__':
a = int(input())
b = int(input())
print(a+b)
print(a-b)
print(a*b)

10. Python:Division

Source code:
if __name__ == '__main__':
a = int(input())
b = int(input())
c = a/b
d = int(c)
print(d)
print(c)

11.Find Digits

Source Code:
def finddigits(inputarray):
for element in inputarray:
counter = 0
orig = element
while int(element):
digit = int(element) % 10
if (int(digit) != 0.0 and (orig % digit == 0.0)):
counter = counter + 1
element = int(element)/10
print (counter)

testcase = int(input())
inputarray = []
for x in range(0, testcase):
inputele = int(input())
inputarray.append(inputele)
finddigits(inputarray)

12. List Comprehensions

Source Code:
xlist = range(int(input()) + 1)
ylist = range(int(input()) + 1)
zlist = range(int(input()) + 1)
n = int(input())
lst = [[x,y,z] for x in xlist for y in ylist for z in zlist if x + y + z != n]

print(lst)

13. The Captain's Room

Source Code:
k, arr = int(input()), list(map(int, input().split()))

myset = set(arr)
print(((sum(myset)*k)-(sum(arr)))//(k-1))

14. Nested Lists

Source Code:
def secondlow(students):
    grades = []
    for student in students:
        grades.append(student[1])
    sort_grades = sorted(grades)
    seclow_grade = sort_grades[0]
    for grade in sort_grades:
        if grade != seclow_grade:
            seclow_grade = grade
            break
    seclow_stud = []
    for student in students:
        if student[1] == seclow_grade:
            seclow_stud.append(student[0])
    for name in sorted(seclow_stud):
        print(name)

students = []
for pupil in range(int(input())):
    new_stud = [input(), float(input())]
    students.append(new_stud)
secondlow(students)

15. sWAP cASE

Source Code:
def swap_case(s):
return s.swapcase()
if __name__ == '__main__':
s = input()
result = swap_case(s)

print(result)

16. Finding the Percentage

Source Code:
N = int(input())
dictionary = {}
for i in range(0, N):
inputArray = input().split()
marks = list(map(float, inputArray[1:]))
dictionary[inputArray[0]] = sum(marks)/float(len(marks))

print("%.2f" % dictionary[input()])

17. String Validators

Source Code:
if __name__ == '__main__':
s = input()

print (any(c.isalnum() for c in s))
print (any(c.isalpha() for c in s))
print (any(c.isdigit() for c in s))
print (any(c.islower() for c in s))

print (any(c.isupper() for c in s))

18. Designer Door Mat
(Compile the program in Python 2)

Source Code:
N,M = map(int,raw_input().split())

for i in xrange(1, N, 2):
print ( str('.|.')*i ).center(M, '-')
print str('WELCOME').center(M, '-')
for i in xrange(N-2, -1, -2):
print ( str('.|.')*i ).center(M, '-')

19. Find the Runner-Up-Score

Source Code:
n = int(input())

nums = map(int, input().split())
print(sorted(list(set(nums)))[-2])

20. Map and Lambda Function

Source Code:
cube = lambda x: x**3 # complete the lambda function

def fibonacci(n):
# return a list of fibonacci numbers
initiallist = []
for i in range(n):
if i < 2:
initiallist += [i]
else:
initiallist += [initiallist[-1] + initiallist[-2]]
return initiallist

21. Alphabet Rangoli

Source Code:
def print_rangoli(size):
    width = size*4-3
    string = ''

    for i in range(1,size+1):
        for j in range(0,i):
            string += chr(96+size-j)
            if len(string) < width :
                string += '-'
        for k in range(i-1,0,-1):
            string += chr(97+size-k)
            if len(string) < width :
                string += '-'
        print(string.center(width,'-'))
        string = ''

    for i in range(size-1,0,-1):
        string = ''
        for j in range(0,i):
            string += chr(96+size-j)
            if len(string) < width :
                string += '-'
        for k in range(i-1,0,-1):
            string += chr(97+size-k)
            if len(string) < width :
                string += '-'
        print(string.center(width,'-'))

20: Introduction to sets:

Source Code:
def average(array):
    return sum(set(array))/len(set(array))

21: Set.add()

Source code:
#!/usr/bin/env python

N = int(raw_input())

countries = set()

for i in range(N):
    countries.add(raw_input())

print len(countries)

22: No Idea!

Source Code:
n, m = (int(i) for i in input().split())
l = map(int, input().strip().split(' '))
a = set(map(int, input().strip().split(' ')))
b = set(map(int, input().strip().split(' ')))
result = 0
for i in l:
    if i in a:
        result += 1
    if i in b:
        result += -1
print(result)

23: Triangle Number

Source Code:
#!/bin/python3

import os
import sys

# Complete the solve function below.
def solve(n):
    if n%2!=0:
        return 2
    n-=4
    n//=2
    if n%2==0:
        return 3
    return 4

if __name__ == '__main__':
    fptr = open(os.environ['OUTPUT_PATH']

, 'w')

    t = int(input())

    for t_itr in range(t):
        n = int(input())

        result = solve(n)

        fptr.write(str(result) + '\n')

    fptrclose()

24: Find the Torsional Angle

Source Code:

class Points(object):
    def __init__(self, x, y, z):
        self.x = x
        self.y = y
        self.z = z

    def __sub__(self, no):
        x = self.x - no.x
        y = self.y - no.y
        z = self.z - no.z
        return Points(x, y, z)

    def dot(self, no):
        x = self.x * no.x
        y = self.y * no.y
        z = self.z * no.z
        return x + y + z

    def cross(self, no):
        x = self.y * no.z - self.z * no.y
        y = self.z * no.x - self.x * no.z
        z = self.x * no.y - self.y * no.x
        return Points(x, y, z)

    def absolute(self):
        return pow((self.x ** 2 + self.y ** 2 + self.z ** 2), 0.5)

25: Triangle Quest

Source Code:
for i in range(1, input()):
    print ((10 ** i - 1) / 9) * i

26: Dealing with Complex Numbers

Source Code:
class Complex(object):
    def __init__(self, real, imaginary):
        self.real = real
        self.imaginary = imaginary

    def __add__(self, no):
        real = self.real + no.real
        imaginary = self.imaginary + no.imaginary
        return Complex(real, imaginary)

    def __sub__(self, no):
        real = self.real - no.real
        imaginary = self.imaginary - no.imaginary
        return Complex(real, imaginary)

    def __mul__(self, no):
        real = self.real * no.real - self.imaginary * no.imaginary
        imaginary = self.real * no.imaginary + self.imaginary * no.real
        return Complex(real, imaginary)

    def __div__(self, no):
        x = float(no.real ** 2 + no.imaginary ** 2)
        y = self * Complex(no.real, -no.imaginary)
        real = y.real / x
        imaginary = y.imaginary / x
        return Complex(real, imaginary)

    def mod(self):
        real = math.sqrt(self.real ** 2 + self.imaginary ** 2)
        return Complex(real, 0)

    def __str__(self):
        if self.imaginary == 0:
            result = "%.2f+0.00i" % (self.real)
        elif self.real == 0:
            if self.imaginary >= 0:
                result = "0.00+%.2fi" % (self.imaginary)
            else:
                result = "0.00-%.2fi" % (abs(self.imaginary))
        elif self.imaginary > 0:
            result = "%.2f+%.2fi" % (self.real, self.imaginary)
        else:
            result = "%.2f-%.2fi" % (self.real, abs(self.imaginary))
        return result

Make your First C Program- 1

noreply@blogger.com (Mohammad Saquib Khan) — Tue, 18 Jun 2019 08:39:00 +0000

First C Program and its Structure

Lets see how to write a simple and most basic C program:

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
 printf("Hello,World");  //single line comment
 return 0;
/*
    multi
    line
    comments
/*
}

Hello,World

Different parts of C program

Pre-processor
Header file
Function
Variables
Statements & expressions
Comments

All these are essential parts of a C language program.

Pre-processor

#include is the first word of any C program. It is also known as a pre-processor. The task of a pre-processor is to initialize the environment of the program, i.e to link the program with the header files required.

So, when we say #include <stdio.h>, it is to inform the compiler to include the stdio.h header file to the program before executing it.

Header file

A Header file is a collection of built-in(readymade) functions, which we can directly use in our program. Header files contain definitions of the functions which can be incorporated into any C program by using pre-processor #includestatement with the header file. Standard header files are provided with each compiler, and covers a range of areas like string handling, mathematical functions, data conversion, printing and reading of variables.

With time, you will have a clear picture of what header files are, as of now consider as a readymade piece of function which comes packaged with the C language and you can use them without worrying about how they work, all you have to do is include the header file in your program.

To use any of the standard functions, the appropriate header file must be included. This is done at the beginning of the C source file.

For example, to use the printf() function in a program, which is used to display anything on the screen, the line #include <stdio.h> is required because the header file stdio.h contains the printf() function. All header files will have an extension .h

`main() function`









main() function is a function that must be there in every C program. Everything inside this function in a C program will be executed. In the above example, int written before the main() function is the return type of main() function. we will discuss about it in detail later. The curly braces { } just after the main() function encloses the body of main() function.

We will learn what functions are in upcoming tutorials.


Comments

We can add comments in our program to describe what we are doing in the program. These comments are ignored by the compiler and are not executed.

To add a single line comment, start it by adding two forward slashses // followed by the comment.

To add multiline comment, enclode it between /* .... */, just like in the program above.


Return statement - return 0;

A return statement is just meant to define the end of any C program.

All the C programs can be written and edited in normal text editors like Notepad or Notepad++ and must be saved with a file name with extension as .c

If you do not add the extension .c then the compiler will not recognise it as a C language program file.





Compile and Run C Program


To compile and run a C language program, you need a C compiler. To setup a C language compiler in your Computer/laptop, there are two ways:

Download a full fledged IDE like Turbo C or Microsoft Visual C++, which comes along with a C language compiler.
Or, you use any text editor to edit the program files and download the C compiler separately.






Using an IDE - Turbo C


We will recommend you to use Turbo C IDE, oldest IDE for c programming. It is freely available over internet and is good for a beginner.

Step 1 : Open turbo C IDE(Integrated Development Environment), click on File and then click on New








Step 2 : Write the above example as it is








Step 3 : Click on compile or press Alt+f9 to compile the code








Step 4 : Click on Run or press Ctrl+f9 to run the code








Step 5 : Output









Without an IDE


If you do not wish to setup an IDE and prefer the old school way, then download the C compiler which is called gccfrom the gcc website https://gcc.gnu.org/install/

Once you have downloaded and installed the gcc compiler, all you have to do it, open any text editor, copy and paste the C program code from the previous tutorial, and save it with the name hello.c

Open Command prompt or Terminal(if you use Ubunut or Mac OS), and go to the directory where you have saved the hello.c program file.

Type the command gcc hello.c to compile the code. This will compile the code, and if there are no errors then it will produce an output file with name a.out(default name)

Now, to run the program, type in ./a.out and you will see Hello, World displayed on your screen.
$ gcc hello.c
$ ./a.out

Hello,World


Difference between Compile and Run


You must be thinking why it is a 2 step process, first we compile the code and then we run the code. So, compilation is the process where the compiler checks whether the program is correct syntax wise, and there are no errors in the syntax.

When we run a compiled program, then it actually executes the statements inside the main() function.

An Overview on Datatype in C programming

noreply@blogger.com (Mohammad Saquib Khan) — Tue, 18 Jun 2019 07:55:00 +0000

Data type in C programming (Overview)

A data-type in C programming is a set of values and is determined to act on those values. C provides various types of data-types which allow the programmer to select the appropriate type for the variable to set its value.
The data-type in a programming language is the collection of data with values having fixed meaning as well as characteristics. Some of them are an integer, floating point, character, etc. Usually, programming languages specify the range values for given data-type.

C Data Types are used to:

Identify the type of a variable when it declared.
Identify the type of the return value of a function.
Identify the type of a parameter expected by a function.

ANSI C provides three types of data types:

Primary(Built-in) Data Types:
void, int, char, double and float.
Derived Data Types:
Array, References, and Pointers.
User Defined Data Types:
Structure, Union, and Enumeration.

Primary Data Types:

Every C compiler supports five primary data types:

void	As the name suggests, it holds no value and is generally used for specifying the type of function or what it returns. If the function has a void type, it means that the function will not return any value.
int	Used to denote an integer type.
char	Used to denote a character type.
float, double	Used to denote a floating point type.
int , float , char *	Used to denote a pointer type.

Three more data types have been added in C99:

_Bool
_Complex
_Imaginary

Declaration of different datatypes with variable names:

After taking suitable variable names, they need to be assigned with a data type. This is how the data types are used along with variables.

Example:

int    age;
char   letter;
float  height, width;

Derived Data-Types:

C supports three derived data types:

Data Types	Description
Arrays	Arrays are sequences of data items having homogeneous values. They have adjacent memory locations to store values.
References	Function pointers allow referencing functions with a particular signature.
Pointers	These are powerful C features which are used to access the memory and deal with their addresses.

User-Defined Datatypes:

C allows the feature called type definition which allows programmers to define their identifier that would represent an existing data type. There are three such types:

Data Types	Description
Structure	It is a package of variables of different types under a single name. This is done to handle data efficiently. "struct" keyword is used to define a structure.
Union	These allow storing various data types in the same memory location. Programmers can define a union with different members, but only a single member can contain a value at a given time. It is used for
Enum	Enumeration is a special data type that consists of integral constants, and each of them is assigned with a specific name. "enum" keyword is used to define the enumerated data type.

Datatype & Variable Declaration in C:

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
    int a = 4000; // positive integer data type
    float b = 5.2324; // float data type
    char c = 'Z'; // char data type
    long d = 41657; // long positive integer data type
    long e = -21556; // long -ve integer data type
    int f = -185; // -ve integer data type
    short g = 130; // short +ve integer data type
    short h = -130; // short -ve integer data type
    double i = 4.1234567890; // double float data type
    float j = -3.55; // float data type
}

The storage representation and machine instructions differ from machine to machine. sizeof operator can use to get the exact size of a type or a variable on a particular platform.

Example:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <limits.h>
int main()
{
    printf("Storage size for int is: %d \n", sizeof(int));
    printf("Storage size for char is: %d \n", sizeof(char));
    return 0; 
}

Frame Construction-2 || Java Swing || Core Graphics

noreply@blogger.com (Mohammad Saquib Khan) — Sat, 15 Jun 2019 08:22:00 +0000

Frame Construction using Java Swing(CORE GRAPHICS)

Swing Framework contains a set of classes that provides more powerful and flexible GUI components than those of AWT. Swing provides the look and feel of modern Java GUI. Swing library is an official Java GUI tool kit released by Sun Micro-systems. It is used to create graphical user interface with Java.

Swing classes are defined in javax.swing package and its sub-packages.

Main Features of Swing Toolkit

Platform Independent
Customizable
Extensible
Configurable
Lightweight
Rich Controls
Plug-gable Look and Feel

Swing and JFC

JFC is an abbreviation for Java Foundation classes, which encompass a group of features for building Graphical User Interfaces(GUI) and adding rich graphical functionalities and interactivity to Java applications. Java Swing is a part of Java Foundation Classes (JFC).

Features of JFC

Swing GUI components.
Look and Feel support.
Java 2D.

AWT and Swing Hierarchy

Introduction to Swing Classes

JPanel : JPanel is Swing's version of AWT class Panel and uses the same default layout, FlowLayout. JPanel is descended directly from JComponent.

JFrame : JFrame is Swing's version of Frame and is descended directly from Frame class. The component which is added to the Frame, is refered as its Content.

JWindow : This is Swing's version of Window and has descended directly from Window class. Like Window it uses BorderLayout by default.

JLabel : JLabel has descended from JComponent, and is used to create text labels.

JButton : JButton class provides the functioning of push button. JButton allows an icon, string or both associated with a button.

JTextField : JTextFields allow editing of a single line of text.

Creating a JFrame

There are two ways to create a JFrame Window.

By instantiating JFrame class.
By extending JFrame class.

Creating JFrame window by Instantiating JFrame class

import javax.swing.*;  //importing swing package
import java.awt.*;     //importing awt package
public class First
{
 JFrame jf;
 public First() {
 jf = new JFrame("MyWindow");  //Creating a JFrame with name MyWindow
 JButton btn = new JButton("Say Hello");//Creating a Button named Say Hello
 jf.add(btn);               //adding button to frame
 jf.setLayout(new FlowLayout());        //setting layout using FlowLayout object
 jf.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); //setting close  operation.
 jf.setSize(400, 400);             //setting size
 jf.setVisible(true);             //setting frame visibility
}
 public static void main(String[] args)
 {
  new First();
 }
}

Creating JFrame window by extending JFrame class

import javax.swing.*; //importing swing package
import java.awt.*; //importing awt package
public class Second extends JFrame
{
 public Second()
 {
  setTitle("MyWindow"); //setting title of frame as  MyWindow
  JLabel lb = new JLabel("Welcome to My Second Window");//Creating a label named Welcome to My Second Window
  add(lb);   //adding label to frame.
  setLayout(new FlowLayout()); //setting layout using FlowLayout object.
  setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); //setting close operation.
  setSize(400, 400);  //setting size
  setVisible(true);  //setting frame visibility
 }
 public static void main(String[] args)
 {
  new Second();
 }
}

Points To Remember

Import the javax.swing and java.awt package to use the classes and methods of Swing.
While creating a frame (either by instantiating or extending Frame class), following two attributes are must for visibility of the frame:
```
setSize(int width, int height);
setVisible(true);
```
When you create objects of other components like Buttons, TextFields, etc. Then you need to add it to the frame by using the method - add(Component's Object);
You can add the following method also for resizing the frame - setResizable(true)

Swing Components and Containers

A component is an independent visual control. Swing Framework contains a large set of components which provide rich functionalities and allow high level of customization. They all are derived from JComponent class. All these components are lightweight components. This class provides some common functionality like pluggable look and feel, support for accessibility, drag and drop, layout, etc.

A container holds a group of components. It provides a space where a component can be managed and displayed. Containers are of two types:

Top level Containers

It inherits Component and Container of AWT.
It cannot be contained within other containers.
Heavyweight.
Example: JFrame, JDialog, JApplet

Lightweight Containers
- It inherits JComponent class.
- It is a general purpose container.
- It can be used to organize related components together.
- Example: JPanel

JButton

JButton class provides functionality of a button. JButton class has three constuctors,

JButton(Icon ic)

JButton(String str)

JButton(String str, Icon ic)

It allows a button to be created using icon, a string or both. JButton supports ActionEvent. When a button is pressed an ActionEvent is generated.

Example using JButton

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
import java.awt.*;
public class testswing extends JFrame
{

 testswing()
 {
  JButton bt1 = new JButton("Yes");  //Creating a Yes Button.
  JButton bt2 = new JButton("No");  //Creating a No Button.
  setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE)     //setting close operation.
  setLayout(new FlowLayout());  //setting layout using FlowLayout object
  setSize(400, 400);   //setting size of Jframe
  add(bt1);  //adding Yes button to frame.
  add(bt2);  //adding No button to frame.

  setVisible(true);
 }
 public static void main(String[] args)
 {
  new testswing();
 }
}

JTextField

JTextField is used for taking input of single line of text. It is most widely used text component. It has three constructors,

JTextField(int cols)
JTextField(String str, int cols)
JTextField(String str)

cols represent the number of columns in text field.

Example using JTextField

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
import java.awt.*;
public class MyTextField extends JFrame
{
 public MyTextField()
 {
  JTextField jtf = new JTextField(20); //creating JTextField.
  add(jtf);    //adding JTextField to frame.
  setLayout(new FlowLayout());
  setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
  setSize(400, 400);
  setVisible(true);
 }
 public static void main(String[] args)
 {
  new MyTextField();
 }
}

JCheckBox

JCheckBox class is used to create checkboxes in frame. Following is constructor for JCheckBox,

JCheckBox(String str)

Example using JCheckBox

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
import java.awt.*;
public class Test extends JFrame
{
 public Test()
 {
  JCheckBox jcb = new JCheckBox("yes");   //creating JCheckBox.
  add(jcb);      //adding JCheckBox to frame.
  jcb = new JCheckBox("no");    //creating JCheckBox.
  add(jcb);      //adding JCheckBox to frame.
  jcb = new JCheckBox("maybe");    //creating JCheckBox.
  add(jcb);      //adding JCheckBox to frame.
  setLayout(new FlowLayout());
  setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
  setSize(400, 400);
  setVisible(true);
 }
 public static void main(String[] args)
 {
  new Test();
 }
}

JRadioButton

Radio button is a group of related button in which only one can be selected. JRadioButton class is used to create a radio button in Frames. Following is the constructor for JRadioButton,

JRadioButton(String str)

Example using JRadioButton

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
import java.awt.*;
public class Test extends JFrame
{
 public Test()
 {
  JRadioButton jcb = new JRadioButton("A"); //creating JRadioButton.
  add(jcb);     //adding JRadioButton to frame.
  jcb = new JRadioButton("B");   //creating JRadioButton.
  add(jcb);     //adding JRadioButton to frame.
  jcb = new JRadioButton("C");   //creating JRadioButton.
  add(jcb);     //adding JRadioButton to frame.
  jcb = new JRadioButton("none");
  add(jcb);
  setLayout(new FlowLayout());
  setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
  setSize(400, 400);
  setVisible(true);
 }
 public static void main(String[] args)
 {
  new Test();
 }
}

JComboBox

Combo box is a combination of text fields and drop-down list.JComboBox component is used to create a combo box in Swing. Following is the constructor for JComboBox,

JComboBox(String arr[])

Example using JComboBox

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
import java.awt.*;
public class Test extends JFrame
{
 String name[] = {"Abhi","Adam","Alex","Ashkay"};  //list of name.
 public Test()
 {
  JComboBox jc = new JComboBox(name); //initialzing combo box with list of name.
  add(jc);    //adding JComboBox to frame.
  setLayout(new FlowLayout());
  setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
  setSize(400, 400);
  setVisible(true);
 }
 public static void main(String[] args)
 {
  new Test();
 }
}

A program to change background color of a frame (Using Action Event)

import java.awt.*;  //importing awt package
import javax.swing.*;  //importing swing package
import java.awt.event.*;  //importing event package

//For an event to occur upon clicking the button, ActionListener interface should be implemented
class StColor extends JFrame implements ActionListener{

JFrame frame;
JPanel panel;
JButton b1,b2,b3,b4,b5;

StColor(){

   frame = new JFrame("COLORS");
   frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);

   panel = new JPanel();  //Creating a panel which is a container and will hold all the buttons
   panel.setSize(100, 50);

   b1 = new JButton("BLUE");  //Creating a button named BLUE
   b1.addActionListener(this);  //Registering the button with the listener

   b2 = new JButton("RED");  //Creating a button named RED
   b2.addActionListener(this);  //Registering the button with the listener

   b3 = new JButton("CYAN");//Creating a button named CYAN
   b3.addActionListener(this);//Registering the button with the listener

   b4 = new JButton("PINK");  //Creating a button named PINK
   b4.addActionListener(this);  //Registering the button with the listener

   b5 = new JButton("MAGENTA");  //Creating a button named MAGENTA
   b5.addActionListener(this);  //Registering the button with the listener

   //Adding buttons to the Panel
   panel.add(b1);
   panel.add(b2);
   panel.add(b3);
   panel.add(b4);
   panel.add(b5);

   frame.getContentPane().add(panel);  //adding panel to the frame
   frame.setSize(500,300);
   frame.setVisible(true);
   frame.setLayout(new FlowLayout());

}
//The below method is called whenever a button is clicked
    @Override
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {

        //This method returns an object of the button on which the Event-
        Pressing of button initially occurred
        Object see = e.getSource();

        if(see ==(b1)){  //Checking if the object returned is of button1
        frame.getContentPane().setBackground(java.awt.Color.blue);  //changing the panel color to blue
        }
        if(see == b2){  //Checking if the object returned is of button2
            frame.getContentPane().setBackground(java.awt.Color.red);  //changing the panel color to red
        }
        if(see == b3){  //Checking if the object returned is of button3
        frame.getContentPane().setBackground(java.awt.Color.cyan);//changing the panel color to cyan
        }
        if(see == b4){  //Checking if the object returned is of button4
            frame.getContentPane().setBackground(java.awt.Color.pink);  //changing the panel color to pink
        }
        if(see == b5){  //Checking if the object returned is of button5
        frame.getContentPane().setBackground(java.awt.Color.magenta);  //changing the panel color to magenta
        }
    }
}

class Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        StColor o = new StColor();
    }
}

Ouput:

Frame Construction-1 || Java Awt || Core Graphics ||

noreply@blogger.com (Mohammad Saquib Khan) — Mon, 27 May 2019 20:52:00 +0000

Creating a frame window in java Awt

Creating a new frame window from within an applet is actually quite easy. First, create a subclass of Frame. Next, override any of the standard applet methods, such as init( ), start( ),and stop( ), to show or hide the frame as needed. Finally, implement the windowClosing( ) method of the WindowListener interface, calling setVisible(false) when the window is closed. Once you have defined a Frame subclass, you can create an object of that class. This causes a frame window to come into existence, but it will not be initially visible. You make it visible by calling setVisible( ). When created, the window is given a default height and width. You can set the size of the window explicitly by calling the setSize( ) method.The following applet creates a subclass of Frame called SampleFrame. A window of this subclass is instantiated within the init( ) method of AppletFrame. Notice that SampleFrame calls Frame’s constructor. This causes a standard frame window to be created with the titlepassed in title. This example overrides the applet’s start( ) and stop( ) methods so that they show and hide the child window, respectively. This causes the window to be removed automatically when you terminate the applet, when you close the window, or, if using a browser, when you move to another page. It also causes the child window to be shown whenthe browser returns to the applet

Source Code:

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
import java.applet.*;
/*
<applet code="AppletFrame" width=300 height=50>
</applet>
*/
// Create a subclass of Frame.
class SampleFrame extends Frame {
SampleFrame(String title) {
super(title);
// create an object to handle window events
MyWindowAdapter adapter = new MyWindowAdapter(this);
// register it to receive those events
addWindowListener(adapter);
}
public void paint(Graphics g) {
g.drawString("This is in frame window", 10, 40);
}
}
class MyWindowAdapter extends WindowAdapter {
SampleFrame sampleFrame;
public MyWindowAdapter(SampleFrame sampleFrame) {
this.sampleFrame = sampleFrame;
}
public void windowClosing(WindowEvent we) {
sampleFrame.setVisible(false);
}
}
// Create frame window.

public class AppletFrame extends Applet {
Frame f;
public void init() {
f = new SampleFrame("A Frame Window");
f.setSize(250, 250);
f.setVisible(true);}
public void start() {
f.setVisible(true);}
public void stop() {
f.setVisible(false);}
public void paint(Graphics g) {
g.drawString("This is in applet window", 10, 20);
}
}

Constructor in Java

noreply@blogger.com (Mohammad Saquib Khan) — Sat, 25 May 2019 04:32:00 +0000

Constructor in Java: A complete study.

Constructor is a block of code that initializes the newly created object. A constructor resembles an instance method in java but it’s not a method as it doesn’t have a return type. In short constructor and method are different(More on this at the end of this guide). People often refer constructor as special type of method in Java.

Constructor has same name as the class and looks like this in a java code.

public class MyClass{
   //This is the constructor
   MyClass(){
   }
   ..
}

Note that the constructor name matches with the class name and it doesn’t have a return type.

How does a constructor work

To understand the working of constructor, lets take an example. lets say we have a class MyClass.
When we create the object of MyClass like this:

MyClass obj = new MyClass()

The new keyword here creates the object of class MyClass and invokes the constructor to initialize this newly created object.

You may get a little lost here as I have not shown you any initialization example, lets have a look at the code below:

A simple constructor program in java

Here we have created an object obj of class Hello and then we displayed the instance variable name of the object. As you can see that the output is BeginnersBook.com which is what we have passed to the name during initialization in constructor. This shows that when we created the object obj the constructor got invoked. In this example we have used this keyword, which refers to the current object, object obj in this example. We will cover this keyword in detail in the next tutorial.

public class Hello {
   String name;
   //Constructor
   Hello(){
      this.name = "BeginnersBook.com";
   }
   public static void main(String[] args) {
      Hello obj = new Hello();
      System.out.println(obj.name);
   }
}

Output:

BeginnersBook.com

Types of Constructors

There are three types of constructors: Default, No-arg constructor and Parameterized.

Default constructor

If you do not implement any constructor in your class, Java compiler inserts a default constructor into your code on your behalf. This constructor is known as default constructor. You would not find it in your source code(the java file) as it would be inserted into the code during compilation and exists in .class file. This process is shown in the diagram below:

If you implement any constructor then you no longer receive a default constructor from Java compiler.

no-arg constructor:

Constructor with no arguments is known as no-arg constructor. The signature is same as default constructor, however body can have any code unlike default constructor where the body of the constructor is empty.

Although you may see some people claim that that default and no-arg constructor is same but in fact they are not, even if you write public Demo() { }in your class Demo it cannot be called default constructor since you have written the code of it.

Example: no-arg constructor

class Demo
{
     public Demo()
     {
         System.out.println("This is a no argument constructor");
     }
     public static void main(String args[]) {
      new Demo();
     }
}

Output:
This is a no argument constructor

Parameterized constructor

Constructor with arguments(or you can say parameters) is known as Parameterized constructor.

Example: parameterized constructor

In this example we have a parameterized constructor with two parameters id and name. While creating the objects obj1 and obj2 I have passed two arguments so that this constructor gets invoked after creation of obj1 and obj2.

public class Employee {

   int empId;  
   String empName;  
     
   //parameterized constructor with two parameters
   Employee(int id, String name){  
       this.empId = id;  
       this.empName = name;  
   }  
   void info(){
        System.out.println("Id: "+empId+" Name: "+empName);
   }  
    
   public static void main(String args[]){  
 Employee obj1 = new Employee(10245,"Chaitanya");  
 Employee obj2 = new Employee(92232,"Negan");  
 obj1.info();  
 obj2.info();  
   }  
}

Output:

Id: 10245 Name: Chaitanya
Id: 92232 Name: Negan

Example2: parameterized constructor

In this example, we have two constructors, a default constructor and a parameterized constructor. When we do not pass any parameter while creating the object using new keyword then default constructor is invoked, however when you pass a parameter then parameterized constructor that matches with the passed parameters list gets invoked.

class Example2
{
      private int var;
      //default constructor
      public Example2()
      {
             this.var = 10;
      }
      //parameterized constructor
      public Example2(int num)
      {
             this.var = num;
      }
      public int getValue()
      {
              return var;
      }
      public static void main(String args[])
      {
              Example2 obj = new Example2();
              Example2 obj2 = new Example2(100);
              System.out.println("var is: "+obj.getValue());
              System.out.println("var is: "+obj2.getValue());
      }
}

Output:

var is: 10

Constructor Overloading

Constructor overloading is a concept of having more than one constructor with different parameters list, in such a way so that each constructor performs a different task.

Refer constructor overloading with examplefor more details with example.


var is: 100




Difference between Constructor and Method

I know I should have mentioned it at the beginning of this guide but I wanted to cover everything in a flow. Hope you don’t mind :)

The purpose of constructor is to initialize the object of a class while the purpose of a method is to perform a task by executing java code.
Constructors cannot be abstract, final, static and synchronised while methods can be.
Constructors do not have return types while methods do

Pointer's in C

noreply@blogger.com (Mohammad Saquib Khan) — Wed, 01 May 2019 20:37:00 +0000

Pointers in C are easy and fun to learn. Some C programming tasks are performed more easily with pointers, and other tasks, such as dynamic memory allocation, cannot be performed without using pointers. So it becomes necessary to learn pointers to become a perfect C programmer. Let's start learning them in simple and easy steps.

As you know, every variable is a memory location and every memory location has its address defined which can be accessed using ampersand (&) operator, which denotes an address in memory. Consider the following example, which prints the address of the variables defined −

Live Demo

#include <stdio.h>

int main () {

   int  var1;
   char var2[10];

   printf("Address of var1 variable: %x\n", &var1  );
   printf("Address of var2 variable: %x\n", &var2  );

   return 0;
}

When the above code is compiled and executed, it produces the following result −

Address of var1 variable: bff5a400
Address of var2 variable: bff5a3f6

What are Pointers?

A pointer is a variable whose value is the address of another variable, i.e., direct address of the memory location. Like any variable or constant, you must declare a pointer before using it to store any variable address. The general form of a pointer variable declaration is −

type *var-name;

Here, type is the pointer's base type; it must be a valid C data type and var-name is the name of the pointer variable. The asterisk * used to declare a pointer is the same asterisk used for multiplication. However, in this statement the asterisk is being used to designate a variable as a pointer. Take a look at some of the valid pointer declarations −

int    *ip;    /* pointer to an integer */
double *dp;    /* pointer to a double */
float  *fp;    /* pointer to a float */
char   *ch     /* pointer to a character */

The actual data type of the value of all pointers, whether integer, float, character, or otherwise, is the same, a long hexadecimal number that represents a memory address. The only difference between pointers of different data types is the data type of the variable or constant that the pointer points to.

How to Use Pointers?

There are a few important operations, which we will do with the help of pointers very frequently. (a) We define a pointer variable, (b) assign the address of a variable to a pointer and (c) finally access the value at the address available in the pointer variable. This is done by using unary operator * that returns the value of the variable located at the address specified by its operand. The following example makes use of these operations −

Live Demo

#include <stdio.h>

int main () {

   int  var = 20;   /* actual variable declaration */
   int  *ip;        /* pointer variable declaration */

   ip = &var;  /* store address of var in pointer variable*/

   printf("Address of var variable: %x\n", &var  );

   /* address stored in pointer variable */
   printf("Address stored in ip variable: %x\n", ip );

   /* access the value using the pointer */
   printf("Value of *ip variable: %d\n", *ip );

   return 0;
}

When the above code is compiled and executed, it produces the following result −

Address of var variable: bffd8b3c
Address stored in ip variable: bffd8b3c
Value of *ip variable: 20

NULL Pointers

It is always a good practice to assign a NULL value to a pointer variable in case you do not have an exact address to be assigned. This is done at the time of variable declaration. A pointer that is assigned NULL is called a null pointer.

The NULL pointer is a constant with a value of zero defined in several standard libraries. Consider the following program −

#include <stdio.h>

int main () {

   int  *ptr = NULL;

   printf("The value of ptr is : %x\n", ptr  );
 
   return 0;
}

When the above code is compiled and executed, it produces the following result −

The value of ptr is 0

In most of the operating systems, programs are not permitted to access memory at address 0 because that memory is reserved by the operating system. However, the memory address 0 has special significance; it signals that the pointer is not intended to point to an accessible memory location. But by convention, if a pointer contains the null (zero) value, it is assumed to point to nothing.

To check for a null pointer, you can use an 'if' statement as follows −

if(ptr)     /* succeeds if p is not null */
if(!ptr)    /* succeeds if p is null */

Pointers in Detail

Pointers have many but easy concepts and they are very important to C programming. The following important pointer concepts should be clear to any C programmer −

Sr.No.	Concept & Description
1	Pointer arithmetic There are four arithmetic operators that can be used in pointers: ++, --, +, -
2	Array of pointers You can define arrays to hold a number of pointers.
3	Pointer to pointer C allows you to have pointer on a pointer and so on.
4	Passing pointers to functions in C Passing an argument by reference or by address enable the passed argument to be changed in the calling function by the called function.
5	Return pointer from functions in C C allows a function to return a pointer to the local variable, static variable, and dynamically allocated memory as well.

Live Demo

Array in C Language.

noreply@blogger.com (Mohammad Saquib Khan) — Wed, 01 May 2019 07:53:00 +0000

Arrays a kind of data structure that can store a fixed-size sequential collection of elements of the same type. An array is used to store a collection of data, but it is often more useful to think of an array as a collection of variables of the same type.

Instead of declaring individual variables, such as number0, number1, ..., and number99, you declare one array variable such as numbers and use numbers[0], numbers[1], and ..., numbers[99] to represent individual variables. A specific element in an array is accessed by an index.

All arrays consist of contiguous memory locations. The lowest address corresponds to the first element and the highest address to the last element.

Declaring Arrays

To declare an array in C, a programmer specifies the type of the elements and the number of elements required by an array as follows −

type arrayName [ arraySize ];

This is called a single-dimensional array. The arraySizemust be an integer constant greater than zero and type can be any valid C data type. For example, to declare a 10-element array called balance of type double, use this statement −

double balance[10];

Here balance is a variable array which is sufficient to hold up to 10 double numbers.

Initializing Arrays

You can initialize an array in C either one by one or using a single statement as follows −

double balance[5] = {1000.0, 2.0, 3.4, 7.0, 50.0};

The number of values between braces { } cannot be larger than the number of elements that we declare for the array between square brackets [ ].

If you omit the size of the array, an array just big enough to hold the initialization is created. Therefore, if you write −

double balance[] = {1000.0, 2.0, 3.4, 7.0, 50.0};

You will create exactly the same array as you did in the previous example. Following is an example to assign a single element of the array −

balance[4] = 50.0;

The above statement assigns the 5th element in the array with a value of 50.0. All arrays have 0 as the index of their first element which is also called the base index and the last index of an array will be total size of the array minus 1. Shown below is the pictorial representation of the array we discussed above −

Accessing Array Elements

An element is accessed by indexing the array name. This is done by placing the index of the element within square brackets after the name of the array. For example −

double salary = balance[9];

The above statement will take the 10th element from the array and assign the value to salary variable. The following example Shows how to use all the three above mentioned concepts viz. declaration, assignment, and accessing arrays −

#include <stdio.h>
 
int main () {

   int n[ 10 ]; /* n is an array of 10 integers */
   int i,j;
 
   /* initialize elements of array n to 0 */         
   for ( i = 0; i < 10; i++ ) {
      n[ i ] = i + 100; /* set element at location i to i + 100 */
   }
   
   /* output each array element's value */
   for (j = 0; j < 10; j++ ) {
      printf("Element[%d] = %d\n", j, n[j] );
   }
 
   return 0;
}

When the above code is compiled and executed, it produces the following result −

Element[0] = 100
Element[1] = 101
Element[2] = 102
Element[3] = 103
Element[4] = 104
Element[5] = 105
Element[6] = 106
Element[7] = 107
Element[8] = 108
Element[9] = 109

Program no: 7(C) C program to find Factorial of a Number using Reccursion

noreply@blogger.com (Mohammad Saquib Khan) — Wed, 17 Apr 2019 19:41:00 +0000

C program to find the factorial using recurrsion

Write a recursive function in C to find factorial of a number. How to find factorial of a number using recursion in C program. Logic to find factorial of a number using recursion in C programming

Example

Input

Input any number: 5

Output

Factorial of 5 = 120

Required knowledge

Basic C programming, If else, Functions, Recursion

First let us give a meaningful name to our function, say fact().
The factorial function accepts an integer input whose factorial is to be calculated. Hence the function declaration should look like fact(int num);.
The function returns factorial as an integer value. Since, factorial can grow rapidly hence the suitable return type for this function is unsigned long long.

The above mathematical function defines a recursive approach to find factorial of a number.
Factorial of 0 is 1 which is our base condition i.e. if(num == 0) return 1;. If number is positive then return product of n and factorial of n-1. To find factorial of n-1 we make a recursive function call to our factorial function i.e. num * fact(num - 1)

Source code:

Here we have the codes!!

#include<stdio.h>

long int multiplyNumbers(int n);

int main()
{
    int n;
    printf("Enter a positive integer: ");
    scanf("%d", &n);
    printf("Factorial of %d = %ld", n, multiplyNumbers(n));
    return 0;
}
long int multiplyNumbers(int n)
{
    if (n >= 1)
        return n*multiplyNumbers(n-1);
    else
        return 1;
}

Program no: 7(E) C Program to Find the power of a number Using Recurrsion

noreply@blogger.com (Mohammad Saquib Khan) — Wed, 17 Apr 2019 19:25:00 +0000

C program to calculate the power of a number using Recurrsion

In this program we will read base and power and then

calculate result of that expression using recursion.

Below is a program to calculate the result of a given number, raised to the power of n using recursion.

Recurrsion:

Recursion is a programming technique that allows the programmer to express operations in terms of themselves. In C, this takes the form of a function that calls itself. A useful way to think of recursive functions is to imagine them as a process being performed where one of the instructions is to "repeat the process".

Source Code:

#include<stdio.h

// function prototype declaration
int power(int n1, int n2);

int main()
{
    int base, exp;
    printf("Enter base number: ");
    scanf("%d", &base);
    printf("\n\nEnter Power factor: ");
    scanf("%d", &exp);
    printf("\n\n\n\t\t\t%d^%d = %d", base, exp, power(base, exp));
    return 0;
}

int power(int b, int e)
{
    if(e == 0)
        return 1;

    return (b*power(b, e-1));
}

Program no: 8(D) C Program for Binary Searching in an Array

noreply@blogger.com (Mohammad Saquib Khan) — Wed, 17 Apr 2019 19:12:00 +0000

C program for Binary Searching in an Array

Binary Search in C

To perform binary search in C programming, you have to ask to the user to enter the array size then ask to enter the array elements. Now ask to enter an element to be search, to start searching that element using binary search technique

C Programming Code for Binary Search

Following C program first ask to the user to enter "how many element he/she want to store in the array", then ask to enter the array element one by one". After storing the element in the array, program ask to enter the element which he/she want to search in the array whether the number/element is present or not in the given array. The searching technique used here is binary search which is fast technique:

Source Code:

/*
Summary: Binary search compares the search value with the value of the middle element of the array. If they match, then a matching element has been found and its position is returned. Otherwise, if the search value is less than the middle element's value, then the algorithm repeats its action on the sub-array to the left of the middle element or, if the search value is greater, on the sub-array to the right.
Complexity - O(log n)
*/

#include<stdio.h>

 int main()

{

    int arr[50],i,n,x,flag=0,first,last,mid;

     printf("Enter size of array:");

    scanf("%d",&n);

    printf("\nEnter array element(ascending order)\n");

     for(i=0;i<n;++i)

        scanf("%d",&arr[i]);

       printf("\nEnter the element to search:");

      scanf("%d",&x);

        first=0;

       last=n-1;

      while(first<=last)

    {

        mid=(first+last)/2;

         if(x==arr[mid])

   {

            flag=1;

            break;

        }

        else

            if(x>arr[mid])

                first=mid+1;

            else

                last=mid-1;

    }

     if(flag==1)

        printf("\nElement found at position %d",mid+1);

    else

        printf("\nElement not found");

     return 0;

}

Program No: 8(D) C Program For Linear Searching in an Array

noreply@blogger.com (Mohammad Saquib Khan) — Tue, 16 Apr 2019 20:29:00 +0000

C program for Linear search in array

Linear Search in C

To search any element present inside the array in C programming using linear search technique, you have to use only one for loop as shown in the following program.

C Programming Code for Linear Search

Following C program first ask to the user to enter the array size then it will ask to enter the array elements, then it will finally ask to enter a number or element to be search in the given array to check whether it is present in the array or not, if it is present then at which position :

Source Code:

/* C Program - Linear Search */
  
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
 clrscr();
 int arr[10], i, num, n, c=0, pos;
 printf("Enter the array size : ");
 scanf("%d",&n);
 printf("Enter Array Elements : ");
 for(i=0; i<n; i++)
 {
  scanf("%d",&arr[i]);
 }
 printf("Enter the number to be search : ");
 scanf("%d",&num);
 for(i=0; i<n; i++)
 {
  if(arr[i]==num)
  {
   c=1;
   pos=i+1;
   break;
  }
 }
 if(c==0)
 {
  printf("Number not found..!!");
 }
 else
 {
  printf("%d found at position %d",num, pos);
 }
 getch();
}

Program no: 8(C) C program to convert Binary to Decimal & Decimal to Binary

noreply@blogger.com (Mohammad Saquib Khan) — Tue, 16 Apr 2019 20:20:00 +0000

C program to convert Binary to Decimal & Decimal to Binary.

Program Source Code:


#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
    int choice;
    int  num, binary_val, decimal_val = 0, base = 1, rem;
   printf("Welcome to Binary & Decimal Converter\n");
    printf("Enter 1 for B-D\n");
    printf("Enter 2 for D-B\n");
    printf("Enter Your Choice:\n");
    scanf("%d",&choice);
   switch(choice)
   {
    case 1:


    printf("Enter a binary number(1s and 0s) \n");

    scanf("%d", &num);
    binary_val = num;
    while (num > 0)
    {
       rem = num % 10;
        decimal_val = decimal_val + rem * base;
        num = num / 10;
        base = base * 2;
    }
    printf("The Binary number is = %d \n", binary_val);
    printf("Its decimal equivalent is = %d \n", decimal_val);
      break;
     case 2: 
   long num2, decimal_num, remainder, base2 = 1, binary = 0, no_of_1s = 0;
    printf("Enter a decimal integer \n");
   scanf("%ld", &num2);
    decimal_num = num2;
    while (num2 > 0)
    {
        remainder = num2 % 2;
        if (remainder == 1)
        {
            no_of_1s++;
       }
       binary = binary + remainder * base2;
        num2 = num2 / 2;
        base2 = base2 * 10;
    }
    printf("Input number is = %ld\n", decimal_num);

    printf("Its binary equivalent is = %ld\n", binary);
    printf("No.of 1's in the binary number is = %ld\n", no_of_1s);
    break;
            }
    }

Program Explanation for decimal to Binary Conversion:

In this C program, we are reading the decimal number using ‘num’ variable. A decimal number system is a base 10 number system using digits for 0 to 9 whereas binary number system is base 2 and uses 0 and 1. Check whether the number is less than or equal to zero. Divide the number by 2 and store the remainder in the array. Increase the length of the array by 1. After the execution of while loop, print the binary number and the number of 1’s.

Program Explanation for Binary to Decimal Conversion:

1. Take a binary number and store it in the variable num.
2. Initialize the variable decimal_val to zero and variable base to 1.
3. Obtain the remainder and quotient of the binary number. Store the remainder in the variable rem and override the variable num with quotient.
4. Multiply rem with variable base. Increment the variable decimal_val with this new value.
5. Increment the variable base by 2.
6. Repeat the steps 3, 4 and 5 with the quotient obtained until quotient becomes zero.
7. Print the variable decimal_val as output.

Program no: 8(A) C program to insert 10 integer numbers in Array. Print the element of array in ascending order using pointer Method.

noreply@blogger.com (Mohammad Saquib Khan) — Tue, 16 Apr 2019 13:56:00 +0000

C program to insert 10 integer numbers in Array. Print the element of array in ascending order using pointer Method.

Write a C program to input elements in an array and sort array using pointers. How to sort an array in ascending or descending order using function pointers in C programming. Logic to sort an array using pointers in program.

Example

Input

Input array elements: 10 -1 0 4 2 100 15 20 24 -5

Output

Array in ascending order: -5, -1, 0, 2, 4, 10, 15, 20, 24, 100,
Array in descending order: 100, 24, 20, 15, 10, 4, 2, 0, -1, -5,

Source code:


#include <stdio.h>
void main()
{
    int a[100],i,n,j,t;
    printf("Enter number of elements:\n");
    scanf("%d",&n);
    printf("Enter array:\n");
    for (i=0; i<n; i++)
    {
        scanf("%d",a+i);
    }
    for (i=0; i<(n-1); i++)
    {
        for (j=i+1; i<n; i++)
        {
            if (*(a+i)>*(a+j))
            {
                t=*(a+i);
                *(a+i)=*(a+j);
                *(a+j)=t;
            }
        }
    }
    printf("Sorted array (ascending) is:\n");
    for (i=0; i<n; i++)
    {
        printf("%d ",*(a+i));
    }
    printf("\n");
}

logic behind the C program
Below is the step by step descriptive logic to sort an array using pointer.

Input size and elements in array. Store them in some variable say size and arr.
Declare two function with prototype int sortAscending(int * num1, int * num2) and int sortDescending(int * num1, int * num2).
Both the functions are used to compare two elements and arrange it in either ascending or descending order. sortAscending() returns negative value if num1 is less than num2, positive value if num1 is greater than num2and zero if both are equal.

Similarly, sortDescending() returns negative value if num1 is greater than num2, positive value if num2 is greater than num1 and zero if both are equal.
Declare another function to sort array with prototype void sort(int * arr, int size, int (* compare)(int *, int *)).
It takes three parameter, where first parameter is the array to sort, second is size of array and third is a function pointer.

Note: The function pointer passed here will decide relationship between two elements to be sorted. If you want to sort elements in ascending order then pass reference of sortAscending() function, otherwise sortDescending() function.

To sort an array I have used basic sorting algorithm. The algorithm is not efficient when compared to other modern sorting algorithms but its easy to understand and use.

C Program To Swap Two Numbers without using pointer

noreply@blogger.com (Mohammad Saquib Khan) — Tue, 26 Feb 2019 13:34:00 +0000

Swapping

C Program to Swap Two Numbers

In this article, we will discuss how to write a C program to swap two number using a temporary variable and also without using a temporary or third variable.

For this C Program to Swap Two Numbers purpose, we are going to use Pointers, Functions, Arithmetic Operators, Bitwise Operators, Call By Reference in C concepts.

This C program allows the user to enter two integer values. Using the third variable, this C program Swap two numbers.

Source Code:

/* C Program to Swap Two Numbers */

#include 

int main()
{
  int a, b, Temp;
 
  printf("\nPlease Enter the value of a and b\n");
  scanf("%d %d", &a, &b);
 
  printf("\nBefore Swap: a = %d and b = %d\n", a, b);
 
  Temp = a;
  a    = b;
  b    = Temp;
 
  printf("\nAfter Swapping: a = %d and b = %d\n", a, b);
 
  return 0;
}

Output Console:

Analysis:

Within this C Program to Swap Two Numbers, we assigned a = 6 and b = 13

Temp = a – it means assigning the a value to the Temp variable
Temp = 6

a = b – it means assigning the b value to the variable a
a = 13

b = Temp – it means assigning the Temp value to the variable b
b = 6
Last Printf statement will print the a, b values as output.

#6: C Program to find Diameter,Area,Circumference of Circle

noreply@blogger.com (Mohammad Saquib Khan) — Tue, 19 Feb 2019 15:41:00 +0000

Diameter, Area & Circumference of Circle

C Program to find Diameter, Circumference, and Area Of a Circle

In this article, we will show you, How to write a C Program to find Diameter, Circumference, and Area Of a Circle using Functions with example.

The mathematical formulas behind these calculations are:

Diameter of a Circle = 2r = 2 * radius
Circumference of a Circle = 2πr = 2 * π * radius
Area of a circle is: A = πr² = π * radius * radius

TIP: Please refer C Program to Calculate Area Of a Circle article to understand the various ways to calculate Area of a Circle.

Source code:

/* C Program to find Diameter, Circumference, and Area Of a Circle */
 
#include<stdio.h>
 
#define PI 3.14
 
int main()
{
  float radius, area, circumference, diameter;
 
  printf("\n Please Enter the radius of a circle : ");
  scanf("%f",&radius);
 
  diameter = 2 * radius;
  circumference = 2 * PI * radius;
  area = PI * radius * radius; 
 
  printf("\n Diameter Of a Circle = %.2f\n", diameter);
  printf("\n Circumference Of a Circle = %.2f\n", circumference);
  printf("\n Area Of a Circle = %.2f\n", area);
 
  return 0;
}

Output Console:

#5: C Program to Find the Integer For Even Or Odd

noreply@blogger.com (Mohammad Saquib Khan) — Tue, 19 Feb 2019 10:36:00 +0000

To Check the integer is Even or Odd

C Program to Check Odd or Even using IF Condition

This C program allows the user to enter integer and checks whether that number is even or odd using If statement.

Source Code:

/* C Program to Check Odd or Even using IF Condition */

#include<stdio.h>

int main()
{
  int number;

  printf(" Enter an int value to check Even or Odd \n");
  scanf("%d", &number);
  
  if ( number%2 == 0 ) //Check whether remainder is 0 or not
     printf("Given number %d is EVEN NUMBER \n", number);

  else
    printf("Given number %d is ODD NUMBER \n", number);

  return 0;
}

Output Console:

Analysis: Below printf statement will ask the user to Enter an integer value to check whether it is Even or Odd.

printf(" Enter an int value to check Even or Odd \n ");

Below scanf statement will assign the user entered a value to number variable.

scanf(" %d ",&number);

In the Next line, We declared the If statement

if ( number % 2 == 0 )

Any number that is completely divisible 2 is even number. If condition will check whether the remainder of the number divided by 2 is exactly equal to 0 or not.

If the condition is True then it is Even number
If the condition is False then it is Odd number

#4: C Program To find The Perimeter and Area Of Triangle

noreply@blogger.com (Mohammad Saquib Khan) — Tue, 19 Feb 2019 10:14:00 +0000

Area & Perimeter Of Triangle

C Program to find Area of a Triangle and Perimeter of a Triangle

This program for area of triangle in c allows the user to enter three sides of the triangle. Using those values we will calculate the Perimeter of a triangle, Semi Perimeter of a triangle and then Area of a Triangle.

Source Code:

/* C Program to find Area of a Triangle and Perimeter of a Triangle */

#include<stdio.h>
#include<math.h>

int main()
{
  float a, b, c, Perimeter, s, Area;
  
  printf("\nPlease Enter three sides of triangle\n");
  scanf("%f%f%f",&a,&b,&c);
   
  Perimeter = a+b+c;
  s = (a+b+c)/2;
  Area = sqrt(s*(s-a)*(s-b)*(s-c));
   
  printf("\n Perimeter of Traiangle = %.2f\n", Perimeter);
  printf("\n Semi Perimeter of Traiangle = %.2f\n",s);
  printf("\n Area of triangle = %.2f\n",Area);

  return 0;
}

Output Console:

NOTE: Please be careful while placing the open and close brackets, it may change the entire calculation if you place it wrong

Analysis:

Step 1: User will enter the three sides of the triangle a, b, c.
Step 2: Calculating the Perimeter of Triangle using the formula P = a+b+c.
Step 3: Calculating the semi perimeter using the formula (a+b+c)/2. Although we can write semi perimeter = (Perimeter/2) but we want show the formula behind. Thats why we used standard formula
Step 4: Calculating the Area of a triangle using Heron’s Formula:
sqrt(s*(s-a)*(s-b)*(s-c));
sqrt() is the math function, which is used to calculate the square root.

Source Code Compilation

noreply@blogger.com (Mohammad Saquib Khan) — Mon, 18 Feb 2019 09:28:00 +0000

Hello everyone...
This is Mohammad Saquib khan and i want to tell you that all the source codes for my programs can run only on the following C_Programming Compilers:

Code_Blocks
cppdroid(Android Compiler)
Ubuntu(GCC Compiler)

You can Download these Compilers
The links are given below..
https://filehippo.com/download_codeblocks/
https://m.apkpure.com/cppdroid-c-c-ide/name.antonsmirnov.android.cppdroid
Thank you.!!

#3: C Program To find out the Simple Interest Given Principal, Rate & Time

noreply@blogger.com (Mohammad Saquib Khan) — Mon, 18 Feb 2019 08:17:00 +0000

Simple Interest.

Source Code:
/**
* C program to calculate simple interest
*/
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
float principle, time, rate, SI;

/* Input principle, rate and time */
printf("Enter principle (amount):\n ");
scanf("%f", &principle);

printf("Enter time:\n");
scanf("%f", &time);

printf("Enter rate:\n");
scanf("%f", &rate);

/* Calculate simple interest */
SI = (principle * time * rate) / 100;

/* Print the resultant value of SI */
printf("Simple Interest = %f", SI);
return 0;

}

Output Console:

Logic:

Step by step descriptive logic to calculate simple interest.

Input principle amount in some variable say principle.
Input time in some variable say time.
Input rate in some variable say rate.
Find simple interest using formula SI = (principle * time * rate) / 100.
Finally, print the resultant value of SI.

#2: C Program To Calculate substraction Of two Numbers

noreply@blogger.com (Mohammad Saquib Khan) — Mon, 18 Feb 2019 07:44:00 +0000

Substraction of Two Numbers:

SOURCE CODE:
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int a,b,c;
printf("Enter the numbers to subtract them:\n");
scanf("%d%d", &a, &b);
c=a-b;
printf("Subtraction of the two numbers is:=%d\n",c);
return 0;
}

OUTPUT CONSOLE:

#1: C Program To find The sum of Two Numbers

noreply@blogger.com (Mohammad Saquib Khan) — Sun, 17 Feb 2019 22:42:00 +0000

Addition of Two Numbers.

Source code:

#include<stdio.h>

 int main() 

 {

   int a, b, sum; 

   printf("\nEnter two no: ");

   scanf("%d %d", &a, &b); 

   sum = a + b;

   printf("Sum : %d", sum);

   return(0);

}

Output Console:

Geeky Programmer

Hacker-Rank Problem Solution (UCER-PYTHON)

HACKER - RANK PROBLEM SOLUTION UCER _PYTHON

{Coded by: Mohammad Saquib khan}

Make your First C Program- 1

First C Program and its Structure

Different parts of C program

Pre-processor

Header file

main() function

Comments

Return statement - return 0;

Compile and Run C Program

Using an IDE - Turbo C

Without an IDE

Difference between Compile and Run

An Overview on Datatype in C programming

Primary Data Types:

Every C compiler supports five primary data types:

Frame Construction-2 || Java Swing || Core Graphics

Frame Construction using Java Swing(CORE GRAPHICS)

Main Features of Swing Toolkit

Swing and JFC

Features of JFC

AWT and Swing Hierarchy

Introduction to Swing Classes

Creating a JFrame

Creating JFrame window by Instantiating JFrame class

Creating JFrame window by extending JFrame class

Points To Remember

Swing Components and Containers

JButton

Example using JButton

JTextField

Example using JTextField

JCheckBox

Example using JCheckBox

JRadioButton

Example using JRadioButton

JComboBox

Example using JComboBox

A program to change background color of a frame (Using Action Event)

Ouput:

Frame Construction-1 || Java Awt || Core Graphics ||

Creating a frame window in java Awt

Constructor in Java

How does a constructor work

A simple constructor program in java

Types of Constructors

Default constructor

no-arg constructor:

Example: no-arg constructor

Parameterized constructor

Example: parameterized constructor

Example2: parameterized constructor

Constructor Overloading

Difference between Constructor and Method

Pointer's in C

What are Pointers?

How to Use Pointers?

NULL Pointers

Pointers in Detail

Array in C Language.

Declaring Arrays

Initializing Arrays

Accessing Array Elements

Program no: 7(C) C program to find Factorial of a Number using Reccursion

Program no: 7(E) C Program to Find the power of a number Using Recurrsion

Program no: 8(D) C Program for Binary Searching in an Array

Binary Search in C

C Programming Code for Binary Search

Program No: 8(D) C Program For Linear Searching in an Array

C Programming Code for Linear Search

Program no: 8(C) C program to convert Binary to Decimal & Decimal to Binary

Program no: 8(A) C program to insert 10 integer numbers in Array. Print the element of array in ascending order using pointer Method.

C program to insert 10 integer numbers in Array. Print the element of array in ascending order using pointer Method.

Source code:

C Program To Swap Two Numbers without using pointer

Swapping

C Program to Swap Two Numbers

HACKER - RANK PROBLEM SOLUTION
UCER _PYTHON

`main() function`