General Knowledge (GK)

Inventions and Inventors

2011-12-14T03:50:00.000-08:00

Invention- Inventor- Year Invented

Automobile- Karl Benz and Gottlieb Daimler- 1885
Barbie doll- Ruth Handler- 1959
Basketball game- James Naismith- 1891
Battery- Alessandro Volta- 1800
Blue jeans- Levi Strauss and Jacob Davis- 1873
Braille typewriter- Frank Haven Hall- 1892
Bubble gum- Walter Diemer- 1928
Bunsen burner- Robert Wilhelm Bunsen- 1855
Camera- Louis Jacques Mandé Daguerre- 1837
Chewing gum- Thomas Adams- 1870
Coca-Cola- John Pemberton- 1886
Computers- Konrad Zuse- 1936
Cotton candy- William Morrison and John C Wharton- 1897
Cotton Gin- Eli Whitney- 1794
Dishwasher- Joel Houghton- 1850
Electric iron- Henry W Seeley- 1882
Escalator- Jesse W Reno- 1891
Fountain pen- Lewis E Waterman- 1884
Light Bulb (first electric light)- Humphry Davy- 1809
Light Bulb (first bulb that burned for forty hours)- Thomas Alva Edison- 1879
Paper clip- Johann Vaaler- 1890
Penicillin- Alexander Fleming- 1928
Potato chips- George Crum- 1853
Printing machine- Johannes Gutenberg- 1440
Refrigerator- Oliver Evans- 1805
Sewing Machine- Barthelemy Thimonnier- 1830
Steam Engine- James Watt- 1765
Telephone- Alexander Graham Bell- 1876
Television- Paul Nipkow- 1884
Toilet paper- Joseph Gayetty- 1857
Typewriter- Christopher Latham Sholes- 1867
Vacuum cleaner- John S Thurman- 1899
Zipper- Whitcomb L Judson- 1893

World's Tallest Entities

2011-12-05T00:07:00.000-08:00

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World's Tallest in Different Categories (As on 5th December 2011)

Bridge: Millau Viaduct, Millau (France). Situated in southern France it soars 1,125 feet into the air. it is higher than Eiffel Tower.

Building: Burj Khalifa, Dubai (UAE). It soars above downtown Dubai at 2,723 feet.

Church: Ulm Münster, Ulm (Germany). It is the world's tallest church, with a steeple measuring 531 feet.

Dam (Concrete dam): Grande Dixence (Switzerland). It is situated in the scenic Swiss canton of Valais. It is 935 feet tall. Generates power to light up 400,000 homes.

Fountain: King Fahd Fountain, Jeddah (Saudi Arabia). The fountain pulls saltwater from the Red Sea and shoots it 1,024 feet up into the air at speed of up to 233 miles per hour.

Geyser: Steamboat Geyser, Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming (USA). It is the largest active geyser in the world. The geyser can remain dormant for decades but whenever it erupts, the water and steam can reach height of 300 to 400 feet.

Mountain: Mount Everest, Himalaya. The people of Tibet call it Chomolungma, mother goddess of the universe. The Nepalese call it Sagarmatha, goddess of the sky. To the Western world it was called Peak 15 until Sir George Everest, a British surveyor, measured its height. In 1865 the peak was given its name Mount Everest. It is 29,035 feet tall (as per National Geographic Society).

Pyramid: Giza (Egypt). The Great Pyramid of Giza is located ten miles west of Cairo over the Giza Plateau. It is one of the original seven wonders of the world. Original height: 480 feet. After erosion, the current height: 454 feet.

Roller Coaster (Steel roller coaster): Kingda Ka, Six Flags, New Jersey (USA). This roller coaster reaches a height of 456 feet before dropping the riders into a 270 degree spiral.

Statue: Spring Temple Buddha, Lushan, Henan (China). It is 502 feet tall.

Tree: Redwoods, California (USA). Sequoia sempervirens or California redwood is a source of great height. In 2006, one such tree, known as Hyperion Redwood, was found deep in Humboldt Redwoods State Park. It measures 379.1 feet or 9 feet taller than the previous tallest tree.

Waterfall: Angel Falls, Auyantepui, Canaima National Park (Venezuela). It tumbles over the table-top mountain of Auyantepui, falling into a swirl of mist and water 3,212 feet below.

Water Ride: Pilgrim's Plunge, Santa Claus, Indiana (USA). It drops 10 passengers from a height of 131 feet at speeds of 50 mph, down a water slide tilted at a terrifying 45 degree angle.

Wheel (Ferris wheel or observation wheel): Singapore Flyer, Singapore. It is 541 feet high. It takes 32 minutes to make one rotation. Another very popular observation wheel is the London Eye (London, UK), which is 442.9 feet high.

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Seven Natural Wonders of the World

2011-12-02T02:23:00.000-08:00

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Seven Natural Wonders of the World

(Compiled by CNN)

Aurora: or northern or southern lights. Usually occurs in the nights in the polar regions.
Grand Canyon: massive steep sided gorge created by Colorado river in Arizona, USA.
Great Barrier Reef: largest coral reef. It is located off the coast of Queensland in northeast Australia in the Coral sea.
Harbor of Rio de Janeiro: located around Rio de Janeiro. Harbor of Rio de Janerio is surrounded by unique mountains and formations.
Mount Everest: highest point (29,029 feet tall) on the surface of the earth located in Himalayan mountain ranges.
Paricutin: cinder cone volcano in Mexico. Paricutin was named one of the seven natural wonders as an active volcano. The volcano has been dormant since the last eruption in 1952.
Victoria Falls: it is also called Mosi-oa-Tunya (the smoke that thunders). Located in southern Africa on the borders of Zambia and Zimbabwe. Water source of the fall is Zambezi river.

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Best Brain Foods

2011-11-16T02:24:00.000-08:00

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Best Brain-booster Foods

Avocado: Rich in vitamin E- an important antioxidant.
Blueberries: Rich antioxidant. Builds healthy connections between brain cells.
Broccoli: Contains antioxidants like vitamin C and brain-protecting plant compounds known as carotenoids.
Curry: Contains spices that reduce inflammation. Its ingredient curcumin is effective at clearing away proteins called amyloid plaques that can cause serious brain problems.
Dark chocolate: Dark chocolate with at least 70% cocoa has a good amount of of brain-boosting elements. It is also a good antioxidant. Dark chocolate boosts your serotonin to keep you happy. Contains just about OK level of caffeine to keep you alert.
Green and black tea: Rich source of catechines (antioxidants). Keep a check on frequency of drinking tea to not more than two to three cups a day since it contains caffeine.
Oily fish: Salmon, sardines and mackerel are rich in omega 3 fatty acids- essential for increasing brain function. Improves cognitive strength and alertness.
Seeds: Pumpkin seeds contain lots of zinc and magnesium which are brain-boosters.
Water: Every cell in the body needs water to remain healthy. Drinking enough water helps in boosting the brain power.
Wholegrain food: Increases cognitive function. Folic acid, vitamin B12 and vitamin B6 found in whole grains help in improving the memory.

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Earth's Extremes

2011-11-09T03:22:00.000-08:00

Ten Earth's Extremes

Hottest Place: Dalol, Danaki Depression, Ethiopia, Annual average temperature 34.4 C
Coldest Place: Plateau Station, Antarctica, Annual average temperature -56.7 C
Wettest Place: Mawsynram, India, Asia, Annual average rainfall 1143 centimeters
Driest Place: Atacama Desert, Chile, Rainfall barely measurable
Highest Waterfall: Angel, Venezuala, 979 meters
Largest Gorge: Grand Canyon, Colorado River, Arizona, USA, 466 kilometers long along river, 183 meters to 29 kilometers wide, about 1.6 kilometers deep
Deepest Gorge: Hells Canyon, Snake River, Idaho-Oregon, USA, 2408 meters
Longest Reef: Great Barrier Reef, Australia, 2012 kilometers
Greatest Tides: Bay of Fundy, Nova Scotia, 16 meters
Most Predictable Geyser: Old Faithful Geyser, Yellowstone National park, Wyoming, USA, It erupts at an average annual interval of 63 to 73 minutes

Islands

2011-11-09T03:06:00.000-08:00

Principal Islands and Their Areas

Sl No   Name of Island                                          Area (Sq KM)

1.         Greenland (North America)                           2175600
2.         New Guinea                                                  792500
3.         Borneo (Asia)                                                725500
4.         Madagascar (Africa)                                       587000
5.         Baffin (North America)                                    507500
6.         Sumatra (Asia)                                              427300
7.         British Isles (Europe)                                     227581
8.         Honshu (Asia)                                               227414
9.         Victoria (North America)                                 218100
10.       Ellesmere (North America)                              212687
11.       Sulawesi (Asia)                                             178700
12.       South Island (New Zealand, Australia)             151000
13.       Java (Asia)                                                    126700
14.       North Island (New Zealand, Australia)              114000
15.       Newfoundland (North America)                        111390

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Waterfalls

2011-11-09T00:10:00.000-08:00

Major Waterfalls and Their Heights

Sl No     Name of Waterfall                   Height in Meters

1.           Angel Venezuela                   979
2. Tugela, South Africa                    853
3. Yosemite, California USA           738
4. Mardalsfossen, Norway                     655
5. Sutherland, New Zealand                     589
6. Reichenbach, Switzerland                548
7. Wollomombi, Australia                518
8. Ribbon, California USA            491
9. Gavarnie, France                422
10. Tyssefallene, Norway                 414
11. Krimmi, Austria               370
12. King George VI, Guyana                366
13. Silver Strand, California USA                358
14. Jog (Gersappa), India          253
15.         Victoria Falls, Zimbabwe and Zambia    108
16. Niagara Falls (USA, Canada)               51

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Principal Lakes

2011-11-08T21:49:00.000-08:00

Major Lakes: Their Areas and Depths

Sl No Name of Lake                                             Area (Sq KM)     Greatest Depth (M)

1.           Caspian Sea (Salt) (Asia-Europe)                  371000                  1025
2.           Superior (Fresh Water) (North America)           82100                    406
3.           Victoria (Africa)                                              69485     82
4. Aral Sea (Asia)    68682     76
5. Huron (North America)    59596 223
6. Michigan (North America)    58016 281
7. Tanganyika (Africa) 32893    1470
8. Baikal (Asia)    31492    1620
9. Great Bear (North America) 31328    446
10.        Malawi (Africa)                                                 23310                   695

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Oceans and Seas

2011-11-08T21:28:00.000-08:00

Oceans and Major Seas and Their Areas

Sl No      Name of Ocean/Sea    Area in Thousand Sq KM

1.    Pacific Ocean 165384
2.    Atlantic Ocean     82217
3.    Indian Ocean     72481
4.    Arctic Ocean     14056
5.    Mediterranean Sea     2506
6.    South China Sea      2318
7.    Bering Sea     2269
8.    Caribbean Sea     1943
9.    Gulf of Mexico     1544
10.    Sea of Okhotsk     1528
11.    East China Sea    1248
12.    Yellow Sea    1243
13.    Hudson Bay    1233
14.    Sea of Japan     1008
15.    North Sea    575
16.    Black Sea    461
17.    Red Sea    438
18.    Baltic Sea    422

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Continents

2011-11-08T20:58:00.000-08:00

Continents and Their Areas

Sl No       Name of the Continent      Area (Sq KM)

1.             Asia                                     44250000
2.             Africa                                   30264000
3.             North America                      24397000
4. South America                     17793000
5. Antarctica    13209000
6. Europe    10453000
7. Australia                                8923000

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World's Population Touches 7 Billion on 31st October 2011

2011-10-31T21:13:00.000-07:00

On 31st October 2011, the population of human beings on the planet Earth touched a new high of 7 billion. Seven billion = 7,000,000,000.

The countries that contribute the most towards making this number are given below.

Most Populous Countries: Latest Available Tally on the Date Indicated Against Each Country

China- 1.34 billion in November 2010
India- 1.2 billion in March 2011 (India may overtake China around 2030 with an estimated population of 1.6 billion people)
USA- 312.4 million in October 2011
Indonesia- 237.5 million in May 2010
Brazil- 190.7 million in August 2010
Pakistan- 177.5 million in October 2011
Nigeria- 158.4 million in 2010
Bangladesh- 151.4 million in October 2011
Russia- 142.9 million in January 2011
Japan- 127.9 million in June 2011
Mexico- 112.3 million in April 2011
Philippines- 94 million in mid-2010
Vietnam- 87.3 million
Ethiopia- 82.1 million
Germany- 81.7 million in 2011
Egypt- 80.9 million
Iran- 75.7 million in October 2011
Turkey- 73.7 million in December 2010
Thailand- 67 million
Democratic Republic of the Congo- 65.9 million
France- 65.8 million in January 2011
UK- 62.4 million in January 2011
Italy- 60.6 million in December 2010
South Africa- 50.5 million in July 2011
South Korea- 48.9 million in 2011

Area of Countries

2011-07-27T20:57:00.000-07:00

Serial No	Country	Area (sq km)	Area (sq mi)	% of Total
1	Russia	17,098,242	6,601,668	11.5%
2	Canada	9,984,670	3,855,100	6.7%
3/4	United States	9,629,091	3,717,813	6.5%
3/4	People's Republic of China	9,596,961	3,705,407	6.4%
5	Brazil	8,514,877	3,287,612	5.7%
6	Australia	7,692,024	2,969,907	5.2%
7	India	3,287,263	1,269,219	2.3%
8	Argentina	2,780,400	1,073,500	2%
9	Kazakhstan	2,724,900	1,052,100	1.8%
10	Algeria	2,381,741	919,595	1.6%
11	Democratic Republic of the Congo	2,344,858	905,355	1.6%
12	Greenland	2,166,086	836,330	1.5%
13	Saudi Arabia	2,149,690	830,000	1.4%
14	Mexico	1,964,375	758,449	1.3%
15	Indonesia	1,910,931	737,815	1.3%
16	Sudan	1,861,484	718,723	1.3%
17	Libya	1,759,540	679,360	1.2%
18	Iran	1,628,750	628,860	1.1%
19	Mongolia	1,564,100	603,900	1.1%
20	Peru	1,285,216	496,225	0.86%
21	Chad	1,284,000	496,000	0.86%
22	Niger	1,267,000	489,000	0.85%
23	Angola	1,246,700	481,400	0.85%
24	Mali	1,240,192	478,841	0.83%
25	South Africa	1,221,037	471,445	0.82%
26	Colombia	1,141,748	440,831	0.76%
27	Ethiopia	1,104,300	426,400	0.74%
28	Bolivia	1,098,581	424,164	0.74%
29	Mauritania	1,025,520	395,960	0.69%
30	Egypt	1,002,000	387,000	0.67%
31	Tanzania	945,087	364,900	0.63%
32	Nigeria	923,768	356,669	0.62%
33	Venezuela	912,050	352,140	0.61%
34	Namibia	824,268	318,252	0.55%
35	Mozambique	801,590	309,500	0.54%
36	Pakistan	796,095	307,374	0.59%
37	Turkey	783,562	302,535	0.53%
38	Chile	756,102	291,933	0.51%
39	Zambia	752,612	290,585	0.51%
40	Burma	676,578	261,228	0.45%
41	Afghanistan	652,090	251,770	0.44%
42	France	640,294	247,219	0.43%
43	Somalia	637,657	246,201	0.43%
44	Central African Republic	622,984	240,535	0.42%
45	South Sudan	619,745	239,285	0.42%
46	Ukraine	603,500	233,000	0.41%
47	Madagascar	587,041	226,658	0.39%
48	Botswana	582,000	225,000	0.39%
49	Kenya	580,367	224,081	0.39%
50	Yemen	527,968	203,850	0.35%
51	Thailand	513,120	198,120	0.34%
52	Spain	505,992	195,365	0.34%
53	Turkmenistan	488,100	188,500	0.33%
54	Cameroon	475,442	183,569	0.32%
55	Papua New Guinea	462,840	178,700	0.31%
56	Sweden	450,295	173,860	0.30%
57	Uzbekistan	447,400	172,700	0.30%
58	Morocco	446,550	172,410	0.30%
59	Iraq	435,244	168,049	0.29%
60	Paraguay	406,752	157,048	0.27%
61	Zimbabwe	390,757	150,872	0.26%
62	Japan	377,930	145,920	0.25%
63	Germany	357,114	137,882	0.24%
64	Republic of the Congo	342,000	132,000	0.23%
65	Finland	338,424	130,666	0.23%
66	Vietnam	331,212	127,882	0.22%
67	Malaysia	330,803	127,724	0.22%
68	Norway	323,782	125,013	0.22%
69	Côte d'Ivoire	322,463	124,504	0.22%
70	Poland	312,685	120,728	0.21%
71	Oman	309,500	119,500	0.21%
72	Italy	301,336	116,346	0.20%
73	Philippines	300,000	115,800	0.20%
74	Burkina Faso	272,967	105,393	0.18%
75	New Zealand	270,467	104,428	0.18%
76	Gabon	267,668	103,347	0.18%
77	Western Sahara	266,000	103,000	0.18%
78	Ecuador	256,369	98,985	0.20%
79	Guinea	245,857	94,926	0.17%
80	United Kingdom	242,900	93,800	0.16%
81	Uganda	241,550	93,260	0.16%
82	Ghana	238,533	92,098	0.16%
83	Romania	238,391	92,043	0.16%
84	Laos	236,800	91,400	0.16%
85	Guyana	214,969	83,000	0.14%
86	Belarus	207,600	80,200	0.14%
87	Kyrgyzstan	199,951	77,202	0.13%
88	Senegal	196,722	75,955	0.13%
89	Syria	185,180	71,500	0.12%
90	Cambodia	181,035	69,898	0.12%
91	Uruguay	176,215	68,037	0.12%
92	Suriname	163,820	63,250	0.11%
93	Tunisia	163,610	63,170	0.11%
94	Nepal	147,181	56,827	0.10%
95	Bangladesh	143,998	55,598	0.10%
96	Tajikistan	143,100	55,300	0.10%
97	Greece	131,957	50,949	0.09%
98	Nicaragua	130,373	50,337	0.09%
99	North Korea	120,538	46,540	0.08%
100	Malawi	118,484	45,747	0.08%
101	Eritrea	117,600	45,400	0.08%
102	Benin	112,622	43,484	0.08%
103	Honduras	112,492	43,433	0.08%
104	Liberia	111,369	43,000	0.07%
105	Bulgaria	110,879	42,811	0.07%
106	Cuba	109,886	42,427	0.07%
107	Guatemala	108,889	42,042	0.07%
108	Iceland	103,000	40,000	0.07%
109	South Korea	99,828	38,544	0.07%
110	Hungary	93,028	35,918	0.06%
111	Portugal	92,090	35,560	0.06%
112	Jordan	89,342	34,495	0.06%
113	Serbia	88,361	34,116	0.06%
114	Azerbaijan	86,600	33,400	0.06%
115	Austria	83,871	32,383	0.06%
116	United Arab Emirates	83,600	32,300	0.06%
117	Czech Republic	78,865	30,450	0.05%
118	Panama	75,417	29,119	0.05%
119	Sierra Leone	71,740	27,700	0.05%
120	Ireland	70,273	27,133	0.05%
121	Georgia	69,700	26,900	0.05%
122	Sri Lanka	65,610	25,330	0.04%
123	Lithuania	65,300	25,200	0.04%
124	Latvia	64,559	24,926	0.04%
125	Svalbard and Jan Mayen	62,422	24,101	0.04%
126	Togo	56,785	21,925	0.04%
127	Croatia	56,594	21,851	0.04%
128	Bosnia and Herzegovina	51,197	19,767	0.03%
129	Costa Rica	51,100	19,700	0.03%
130	Slovakia	49,037	18,933	0.03%
131	Dominican Republic	48,671	18,792	0.03%
132	Estonia	45,227	17,462	0.03%
133	Denmark	43,094	16,639	0.03%
134	Switzerland	41,277	15,937	0.03%
135	Bhutan	38,394	14,824	0.03%
136	Netherlands	37,354	14,422	0.03%
137	Republic of China (Taiwan)	36,188	13,972	0.02%
138	Guinea-Bissau	36,125	13,948	0.02%
139	Moldova	33,846	13,068	0.02%
140	Belgium	30,528	11,787	0.02%
141	Lesotho	30,355	11,720	0.02%
142	Armenia	29,743	11,484	0.02%
143	Solomon Islands	28,896	11,157	0.02%
144	Albania	28,748	11,100	0.02%
145	Equatorial Guinea	28,051	10,831	0.02%
146	Burundi	27,834	10,747	0.02%
147	Haiti	27,750	10,710	0.02%
148	Rwanda	26,338	10,169	0.02%
149	Macedonia	25,713	9,928	0.02%
150	Djibouti	23,200	9,000	0.02%
151	Belize	22,966	8,867	0.02%
152	Israel	22,072	8,522	0.01%
153	El Salvador	21,041	8,124	0.01%
154	Slovenia	20,273	7,827	0.01%
155	New Caledonia	18,575	7,172	0.01%
156	Fiji	18,272	7,055	0.01%
157	Kuwait	17,818	6,880	0.01%
158	Swaziland	17,364	6,704	0.01%
159	East Timor	14,874	5,743	<0.01%
160	The Bahamas	13,943	5,383	<0.01%
161	Montenegro	13,812	5,333	<0.01%
162	Vanuatu	12,189	4,706	<0.01%
163	Falkland Islands	12,173	4,700	<0.01%
164	Qatar	11,586	4,473	<0.01%
165	The Gambia	11,295	4,361	<0.01%
166	Jamaica	10,991	4,244	<0.01%
167	Lebanon	10,452	4,036	<0.01%
168	Cyprus	9,251	3,572	<0.01%
169	Puerto Rico	8,870	3,420	<0.01%
170	French Southern and Antarctic Lands	7,447	2,875	<0.01%
171	Palestinian territories	6,020	2,320	<0.01%
172	Brunei	5,765	2,226	<0.01%
173	Trinidad and Tobago	5,130	1,980	<0.01%
174	Cape Verde	4,033	1,557	<0.01%
175	French Polynesia	4,000	1,500	<0.01%
176	South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands	3,903	1,507	<0.01%
177	Samoa	2,842	1,097	<0.01%
178	Luxembourg	2,586	998	<0.01%
179	Comoros	2,235	863	<0.01%
180	Mauritius	1,969	760	<0.01%
181	Faroe Islands	1,393	538	<0.001%
182	Hong Kong	1,104	426	<0.001%
183	São Tomé and Príncipe	964	372	<0.001%
184	Turks and Caicos Islands	948	366	<0.001%
185	Bahrain	758	293	<0.001%
186	Dominica	751	290	<0.001%
187	Tonga	747	288	<0.001%
188	Kiribati	726	280	<0.001%
189	Singapore	710	270	<0.001%
190	Federated States of Micronesia	702	271	<0.001%
191	Isle of Man	572	221	<0.001%
192	Guam	549	212	<0.001%
193	Saint Lucia	539	208	<0.001%
194	Andorra	468	181	<0.001%
195	Northern Mariana Islands	464	179	<0.001%
196	Palau	459	177	<0.001%
197	Seychelles	452	175	<0.01%
198	Curaçao	444	171	<0.001%
199	Antigua and Barbuda	442	171	<0.001%
200	Barbados	430	170	<0.001%
201	Saint Vincent and the Grenadines	389	150	<0.001%
202	United States Virgin Islands	347	134	<0.001%
203	Grenada	344	133	<0.001%
204	Malta	316	122	<0.001%
205	Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha	308	119	<0.001%
206	Maldives	300	120	<0.001%
207	Cayman Islands	264	102	<0.001%
208	Saint Kitts and Nevis	261	101	<0.001%
209	Niue	260	100	<0.001%
210	Saint Pierre and Miquelon	242	93	<0.001%
211	Cook Islands	236	91	<0.001%
212	American Samoa	199	77	<0.001%
213	Marshall Islands	181	70	<0.001%
214	Aruba	180	69	<0.001%
215	Liechtenstein	160	62	<0.001%
216	British Virgin Islands	151	58	<0.001%
217	Wallis and Futuna	142	55	<0.0001%
218	Jersey	116	45	<0.0001%
219	Montserrat	102	39	<0.0001%
220	Anguilla	91	35	<0.0001%
221	Guernsey	78	30	<0.0001%
222	San Marino	61	24	<0.0001%
223	British Indian Ocean Territory	60	23	<0.0001%
224	Saint Martin	56	22	<0.0001%
225	Bermuda	54	21	<0.0001%
226	Pitcairn Islands	47	18	<0.0001%
227	Norfolk Island	36	14	<0.0001%
228	Sint Maarten	34	13	<0.0001%
229	Macau	30	12	<0.0001%
230	Tuvalu	26	10	<0.0001%
231	Saint Barthélemy	24	9.3	<0.0001%
232	Nauru	21	8.1	<0.0001%
233	Tokelau	12	4.6	<0.00001%
234	Gibraltar	6	2.3	<0.00001%
235	Monaco	2	0.77	<0.00001%
236	Vatican City	0.44	0.17	<0.000001%

Most Polluted Towns/Cities of the World

2011-07-15T21:44:00.000-07:00

Top Most World Heritage Sites

2010-12-14T00:04:00.000-08:00

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Given below are the top most world heritage sites out of all the world's heritage sites according to the Global Heritage's "Saving Our Vanishing Heritage" report:

1. The Great Wall of China

•Length: 5500.3 mile
•Total site visitors of 24,200,000
•Total revenues of $2,888,000,000
•Major portion of the Great Wall of China was built by the Ming Dynasty
•Begins at Shanhaiguan in the East and stretches till Lop Nur in the West and consists of many walls
•Construction of these numerous walls started from the 5th century BC and many were re-built between the 5th and 16th century AD

2. Forbidden City in Beijing

•World's largest surviving palace complex.
•It is the Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor
•Total site visitors of 18,000,000
•Total revenues of $1,920,000,000
•During the period 1420 to 1912, the sprawling palace complex changed hands from the Ming dynasty that ruled from 1368 to 1644 to the Qing dynasty that ruled from 1644 to 1911

3. Great Pyramids of Giza

•On the outskirts of Cairo.
•Historic Cairo has total site visitors of 4,000,000
•Total revenues of $576,000,000
•Of the three pyramids in the Giza Necropolis, the Pyramid of Khufu (also known as the Pyramid of Cheops) is the oldest and also the largest. It held the record as the tallest building in the world for 3800 years.

4. Celsus Library

•Built in AD 135 in the ruins of ancient Ephesus near Selcuk, 70 km (43 miles) from the western Turkish coastal city of Izmir.
•Ephesus has total site visitors of 3,500,000
•Total revenues of $572,000,000
•Built in 117 AD, the monolithic library was built in honour of Tiberiuis Julius Celsus Polemaeanus, governor of Asia in 115 AD by his son Gaius Julius Aquila.
•The library houses the tomb of Polemaeanus and it was during this time the third richest library in the world.

5. Golden Temple

•The holy Sikh shrine in Amritsar of Guru Gobind Singh.
•Amritsar has total site visitors of 5,500,000
•Total revenues of $460,000,000
•The temple was built under the patronage of Guru Arjan Dev, the fifth Sikh Guru.
•The foundation stone of the temple was laid by the Sufi saint Hazrat Mian Mir, a friend of the guru, in 1588 AD.

6. Angkor Wat temple

•The famous Angkor Wat temple in Cambodia is reflected in a pond.
•Angkor has total site visitors of 2,500,000
•Total revenues of $436,000,000
•The temple was built by King Suryavarman II in the early half of the 12th century AD and is the world's largest religious building

7. Teotihuacan

•The Sun pyramids of Teotihuacan are outside Mexico City
•Teotihuacan has total site visitors of 4,200,000
•Total revenues of $432,000,000

8. Machu Picchu

•Machu Picchu is in Cuzco.
•Built around 1450, Machu Picchu is also called 'The Lost City of the Incas'
•Total site visitors of 2,400,000
•Total revenues of $384,000,000

9. Abu Simbel temple

•Abu Simbel temple is 3200 year old
•Located at the upper reaches of the Nile, around 1264 km (785 miles) south of Cairo.
•Abu Simbel has total site visitors of 2,000,000
•Total revenues of $320,000,000
•This temples is also famous for being relocated from its original site during the construction of the Aswan High Dam

10. Thebes

•The ancient Egyptian capital of Thebes.
•Ancient Thebes has total site visitors of 2,000,000
•Total revenues of $320,000,000
•Thebes is the richest and largest archeological site in the world.

11. Taj Mahal

•Taj Mahal is in Agra, India.
•Taj Mahal has total site visitors of 2,400,000
•Total revenues of $288,000,000
•The fantastic Mughal style mausoleum was built by Emperor Shah Jahan in memory of his wife Mumtaz Mahal and took 20 years to complete (from 1632 to 1653)

12. Petra

•The cave site where 2,000 year old Hellenstic style wall paintings are being restored in Siq al-Barid in Beidha, nicknamed "Little Petra", about five km (three miles) away from the rock carved city of Petra, southern Jordan.
•Petra has total site visitors of 1,600,000
•Total revenues of $268,800,000
•The cave complex which is famous for its rock-cut architecture and water conduits system also features in BBC's "40 places that you must see before you die".

13. Old Havana

•Cuba's Capitol in Havana
•Old Havana and its Fortifications have total site visitors of 1,773,986
•Total revenues of $262,959,440
•Some of the main attractions in Old Havana are the Castillo del Morro, La Cabaña and National Capitol

14. Chichen Itza

•Mayan pyramid El Castillo (The Castle), is in Chichen Itza, in the southern state of Yucatan, Mexico
•The pre-Hispanic city of Chichen Itza has total site visitors of 2,600,000
•Total revenues of $248,000,000

15. Cuzco

•Historical Capital of Peru.
•The city of Cuzco, the erstwhile capital of the Inca empire, has total site visitors of 1,000,000
•Total revenues of $168,000,000

16. Old Damascus

•Old Damascus in in Syria with its Umayad Mosque.
•The ancient city of Damascus has total site visitors of 1,000,000
•Total revenues of $168,000,000
•Some of the attractions in Old Damascus include the Umayad Mosque, the Saladin Shrine, the Azm Palace, Maktab Anbar, Beit al-Mamlouka among others

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Commonwealth Games: History

2010-10-18T22:01:00.000-07:00

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History of Common Wealth Games

1891: An Englishman, Astley Cooper first mooted the idea of a sporting event bringing together all the nations which were once under the British Empire. The objective was to foster good understanding and promote goodwill.

1911: Australia, Canada, South Africa and the United Kingdom took part in Inter-Empire Championships held in celebration of the coronation of King George V. The competition included sports like wrestling, boxing, swimming and athletics.

1928: Canada's Melville Marks Robinson asked to organize the first British Empire Games.

1930: The first games held in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.

1942 & 1946: The Games were not conducted due to World War II.

1954: The name of the Games was changed to British Empire and Commonwealth Games. Women started competing in athletic events as well.

1970: The name was changed again to British Commonwealth Games.

1978: The Games was given its current name- Commonwealth Games (CWG).

1998: CWG in Kuala Lumpur saw team sports including cricket, hockey, netball and rugby being included.

2014: The Games to be held at Glasgow, Scotland.

Common Wealth Games: Various Sports Events

2010-10-18T21:54:00.000-07:00

Aquatics
Archery
Athletics
Badminton
Boxing
Cycling
Gymnastics
Hockey
Lawn Bowls
Netball
Rugby Sevens
Shooting
Squash
Table Tennis
Tennis
Weightlifting
Wrestling

World Currency

2010-07-30T05:05:00.000-07:00

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Country- Currency- Abbreviation

USA- American or US Dollar- USD
Canada- Canadian Dollar- CAD
Australia- Australian Dollar- AUD
New Zealand- New Zealand Dollar- NZD
UK- Sterling Pound- GBP
Switzerland- Swiss Franc- CHF
Countries of Europian Union- Euro- EUR
Sweden- Swedish Krona- SEK
Norway- Norwegian Krona- NOK
Denmark- Danish Krona- DKK
Russia- Russian Rouble- RUB
Egypt- Egyptian Pound- EGP
Morocco- Moroccon Dirham- MAD
Mauritius- Mauritius Rupee- MUR
Japan- Japanese Yen- JPY
China- Chinese Yuan Renminbi- CNY
Hong Kong- Hong Kong Dollar- HKD
India- Indian Rupee- INR
Thailand- Thailand Baht- THB
Singapore- Singapore Dollar- SGD
Malaysia- Malaysian Ringgit- MYR
Vietnam- Vientnamese Dang- VND
Combodia- Combodian Riel- KHR
South Africa- South African Rand- ZAR
Kenya- Kenyan Shilling- KES
Zimbabwe- Zimbabwe Dollar- ZWD
UAE- UAE Dirham- AED
Peru- Peruvian Nuevol Sol- PEN
Bolivia- Bolivian Boliviano- BOB
Argentina- Argentine Peso- ARS
Brazil- Brazilian Real- BRL

World Population Growth

2010-01-21T19:53:00.000-08:00

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Year: Population in Billion People

Past and Present Figures:

1750: .791
1800: .978
1850: 1.262
1900: 1.650
1950: 2.521
1999: 5.978
2008: 6.707
2010: 6.7977
2011: 7

Predicted:

2050: 8.909
2100: 9.460
2150: 9.746

Seven Blunders of the World

2009-10-08T23:03:00.000-07:00

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Wealth without work
Pleasure without conscience
Knowledge without character
Commerce without morality
Science without humanity
Worship without sacrifice
Politics without principle
Rights without responsibilities

New Seven Wonders of the World

2009-10-07T23:33:00.000-07:00

As per popularity poll led by Canadian-Swiss Bernard Weber and organized by Swiss-based, government-controlled New7Wonders Foundation (results declared on July 7, 2007)

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Name of the Wonder (Alphabetically Arranged), Location

Giza Pyramid Complex (last remaining ancient wonder of the world, chosen on honorary basis): Cairo, Egypt
Chichen Itza: Yucatán, Mexico
Christ the Redeemer: Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Colosseum: Rome, Italy
Great Wall of China: China
Machu Picchu: Cuzco, Perú
Petra: Jordan
Taj Mahal: Agra, India

Old Seven Wonders of the World

2009-10-06T23:20:00.000-07:00

Seven Wonders of the Ancient World

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Great Pyramid of Giza
Hanging Gardens of Babylon
Statue of Zeus at Olympia
Temple of Artemis at Ephesus
Mausoleum of Maussollos at Halicarnassus
Colossus of Rhodes
Lighthouse of Alexandria

Note: The oldest lists contained Ishtar Gate as the seventh wonder of the world instead of the Lighthouse of Alexandria.

Of these old seven wonders, only Great Pyramid of Giza exists.

British English to American English

2009-06-19T21:24:00.000-07:00

. British English- American English

· Aerial- Antenna
· Angry- Mad
· Anywhere- Anyplace
· Autumn- Fall
· Bank note- Bill
· Barrister, Solicitor- Attorney
· Biscuit- Cookie
· Bonnet- Hood
· Boot- Trunk
· Braces- Suspenders
· Caretaker- Janitor
· Chemist’s- Drug store
· Chips- French fries
· Cinema- Movie
· Condom- Rubber
· Constable- Patrolman
· Cooker- Stove
· Cot- Crib
· Cotton- Thread
· Crash- Wreck
· Crossroads- Intersection
· Curtains- Drapes
· Draughts- Checkers
· Drawing pin- Thumb tack
· Dual carriageway- Divided highway
· Dummy- Pacifier
· Dust bin, Rubbish bin- Trash can, Garbage can
· Dustman- Garbage collector
· Dynamo- Generator
· Engine- Motor
· Film- Movie
· Flat- Apartment
· Flyover- Overpass
· Garden- Yard
· Gear lever- Gear shift
· Graduate- Alumnus
· Grill- Boiler
· Ground floor- First floor
· Gym shoes, Tennis shoes- Sneakers
· Hand bag- Purse
· Hoarding- Billboard
· Holiday- Vacation
· Hoover- Vacuum cleaner
· Ill- Sick
· Interval- Intermission
· Jersey, Jumper, Pull over, Sweater- Sweater
· Jug- Pitcher
· Lift- Elevator
· Lorry- truck
· Luggage- Baggage
· Mad- Crazy
· Main road- Highway
· Maize- Corn
· Maths- Math
· Mean-Stingy
· Motorway- Freeway
· Nappy- Diaper
· Nasty- Vicious, Mean
· Nowhere- No place
· Nursing home- Private hospital
· Occultist, Optician- Optometrist
· Paraffin- Kerosene
· Pavement- Sidewalk
· Peep- Peek
· Petrol- Gas, Gasoline
· Post- Mail
· Postbox- Mailbox
· Postman- Mailman, Mail carrier
· Potato crisps- Potato chips
· Pram- Baby carriage
· Pub- Bar
· Public toilet- Rest room
· Puncture- Blowout
· Push chair- Stroller
· Queue- Line
· Railway- Railroad
· Railway carriage- Railway car
· Reel of cotton- Reel of thread
· Return ticket- Round trip
· Reverse charges- Call collect
· Rise in salary- Raise
· Road surface- Pavement
· Roundabout- Traffic circle
· Rubber- Eraser
· Saloon- Sedan
· Sellotape- Scotch tape
· Shop- Store
· Silencer- Muffler
· Single ticket- One way
· Somewhere- Someplace
· Spanner- Wrench
· Staff of a university- Faculty
· Sump- Oil pan
· Sweet- Dessert
· Sweets- Candy
· Tap- Faucet
· Tap (outdoor)- Spigot
· Taxi- Cab
· Tea towel- Dish towel
· Term- Semester
· Tights- Pantyhose
· Timetable- Schedule
· Tin- Can
· Toll motorway- Turnpike
· Torch- Flashlight
· Tramp- Hobo
· Trousers- Pants
· Turn ups- Cuffs
· Underground railway- Subway
· Underpants- Shorts
· Verge of road- Shoulder of road
· Waistcoat- Vest
· Wardrobe- Closet
· Wash your hands- Wash up
· Windscreen- Windshield
· Wing- Fender
· Zip- Zipper

Target Heart Rate for Aerobics

2009-06-19T21:08:00.000-07:00

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Formula to Determine Target Heart Rate (for Aerobics)

Target heart rate = (220-your age) multiplied by 0.6 for beginners, 0.7 for somewhat practiced and 0.8 for the habitual ones.

Example: for a person with 30 years age:

Target heart rate = (220-30) multiplied by 0.6 = 114 for beginner.
Target heart rate = (220-30) multiplied by 0.7 = 133 for somewhat practiced person.
Target heart rate = (220-30) multiplied by 0.8 = 152 for the habitual one.

Never try to achieve these prescribed target heart rates in aerobics on the very first day of the exercises. Do it gradually over a period of say around 8 to 10 weeks.

Also refer: Exercises http://exercises-plan.blogspot.com/, Walking http://walking-plan.blogspot.com/, Cholesterol control http://controlling-cholesterol.blogspot.com/, (Swine Flu and Its Prevention) http://swine-flu-precaution.blogspot.com/, (Stress Management) http://managing-stress-strain.blogspot.com/

Pulse Rate

2009-04-26T23:42:00.000-07:00

Unborn Child: 140 to 150
Newborn Infants: 130 to 140
During first year: 110 to 130
During second year: 96 to 115
During third year: 86 to 105
7 to 14 years: 76 to 90
14 to 21years: 76 to 85
21 to 60 years: 70 to 75
After 60th year: 67 to 80

Additional Information about Pulse Rate

Pulse rate rises normally during excitement, after physical exertion and during digestion.
Pulse rate is also influenced by breathing rate.
The pulse rate is generally more rapid in females.
Variation of one degree of temperature above 98 F is approximately equivalent to a rise of 10 beats in pulse rate. Temperature 98 F. corresponds to pulse of 60 per minute. So, Temperature 99 F will correspond to pulse of 70 per minute and so on. Then, temperature 104 F will correspond with pulse of 120 per minute.

Planets

2009-03-25T09:16:00.000-07:00

Mercury: smallest planet, approximately one third of Earth
Venus
Earth: fifth largest planet
Mars
Jupiter: largest planet, approximately 11 times bigger than Earth
Saturn
Uranus
Neptune

Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars are Terrestrials

Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune are Gas Giants (Jovians)

Dwarf Planets

Ceres
Pluto (till 2006, it was classified as the ninth planet)
Haumea
Makemake
Eris