<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><?xml-stylesheet href="http://www.blogger.com/styles/atom.css" type="text/css"?><feed xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom' xmlns:openSearch='http://a9.com/-/spec/opensearchrss/1.0/' xmlns:blogger='http://schemas.google.com/blogger/2008' xmlns:georss='http://www.georss.org/georss' xmlns:gd="http://schemas.google.com/g/2005" xmlns:thr='http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0'><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7054139983033910386</id><updated>2024-09-05T03:07:11.051-07:00</updated><category term="energia geotermica"/><category term="geotermia"/><category term="impianti geotermici"/><category term="pompe di calore"/><category term="documenti"/><title type='text'>geotermia</title><subtitle type='html'>Blog sulle energie rinnovapili e loro applicazioni costruttive. In particolare sull&#39;energia geotermica e sulle sue applicazioni nell&#39;impiantistica civile.</subtitle><link rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#feed' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://energiageotermia.blogspot.com/feeds/posts/default'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7054139983033910386/posts/default'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://energiageotermia.blogspot.com/'/><link rel='hub' href='http://pubsubhubbub.appspot.com/'/><author><name>Matteo</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08668912642080495979</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='31' height='32' src='http://www.naymz.com/media/images/984408/portrait-full.jpg'/></author><generator version='7.00' uri='http://www.blogger.com'>Blogger</generator><openSearch:totalResults>4</openSearch:totalResults><openSearch:startIndex>1</openSearch:startIndex><openSearch:itemsPerPage>25</openSearch:itemsPerPage><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7054139983033910386.post-6814975359834586517</id><published>2007-08-28T00:29:00.001-07:00</published><updated>2007-08-28T00:29:32.551-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Geotermia Siti Utili</title><content type='html'>&lt;span xmlns=&#39;&#39;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman&#39;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;GEOTHERMAL WEBSITES&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;Tonya &quot;Toni&quot; Boyd&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;Geo-Heat Center&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;3201 Campus Drive&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;Klamath Falls, OR, 97601, USA&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;E-mail: boydt@oit.edu&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;ABSTRACT&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;The Internet has become such an important part of&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;our every day life. It can be used to correspond with&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;people across the world, a lot faster than to send a&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;letter in the mail. The Internet has a wealth of&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;information that is available to anybody just by&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;searching for it. Sometimes you get more&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;information than you ever wanted to know and&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;sometimes you can&#39;t find any information.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;This paper will only cover a small portion of the&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;websites and their links that have geothermal&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;information concerning reservoir engineering,&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;enhanced geothermal systems, hot dry rock and other&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;aspects of geothermal. Some of the websites below&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;are located in the US others international, such as,&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;geothermal associations, and websites where you can&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;access publications. Most of the websites listed&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;below also have links to other websites for even more&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;information.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;STANFORD GEOTHERMAL PROGRAM&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:blue; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;http://ekofisk.stanford.edu/geotherm.html&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;This website provides information on their program&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;and their graduate study. They also have a section&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;for their downloadable reports and publications.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;Some of the technical reports they have available go&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;back to 1973. There are overview reports from 1990&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;on including Quarterly reports. As you all probably&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;know they have information on their upcoming&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;Geothermal Workshop. All the proceeding from the&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;Geothermal Workshops from 1997 to the current can&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;be searched for on their website. The database can be&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;search by any word in the title, author name,&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;keyword, year or session.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;GEO-HEAT CENTER&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:blue; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;http://geoheat.oit.edu&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;The Geo-Heat Center provides dissemination of&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;geothermal information and technology transfer. The&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;transfer of technological information to consultants,&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;developers, potential users, and the general public is&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;an important element in the development of direct&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;heat utilization of geothermal energy. Their main&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;focus is on the use of low to moderate temperature&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;resources and small-scale power. Their website&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;includes an interactive direct-use map, information&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;on co-located resources, and a database on&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;geothermal wells and springs for 16 western states.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;They also have downloadable technical papers and&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;bulletin articles on all types of geothermal&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;applications and resources, plus a geothermal heat&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;pump newsletter.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;GEOTHERMAL RESOURCES COUNCIL&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:blue; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;http://www.geothermal.org/index.html&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;The Geothermal Resource Council (GRC) has a&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;searchable library containing bibliographic&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;information of articles from a variety of publications&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;on all aspect of geothermal worldwide. This database&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;will inform you on where the publication is located&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;and if you do not have the publication how you can&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;order it. A new addition to their website for GRC&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;members is access to all the GRC Transactions&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;volumes 1 through 27 and GRC Special Reports&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;volumes 1 through 19 as downloadable PDF files. If&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;you are a member of the GRC you can download&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;papers free of charge. The non-member section of&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;the library database allows the same searches and a&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;preview of the above publications only. They also&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;provide information on becoming a member of the&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;organization and their Annual Meeting.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;INTERNATIONAL GEOTHERMAL&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;ASSOCIATION&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:blue; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;http://iga.igg.cnr.it/index.php&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;They provide information on geothermal energy use&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;around the world, world conferences on geothermal,&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;and links to related web sites. They have an&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;interactive map of the geothermal of the world, plus a&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;table of electrical generation and direct use&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;applications for each country. There is also a&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;summary of each country&#39;s applications that have&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;been summarized from the World Geothermal&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;Congress proceedings papers, which will be updated&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;after the WGC2005 conference. They also have a&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;link to where you can search for IGA Geothermal&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;Conference Papers database (hosted on the Stanford&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;Geothermal Program website). This database search&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;covers World Geothermal Congress proceedings&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;from 1995 and 2000, European Geothermal Congress&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;2003, Iceland Geothermal Conference 2003,&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;International Geothermal Workshop, Russia 2003,&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;Beijing International Geothermal Symposium, 2002,&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;Geothermal Energy in Underground Mines, Ustron,&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;Poland 2001, and Stanford Geothermal Workshops&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;1997 – 2004. There is also a database to search for&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;Past IGA newsletters from Issue 1 to 49.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;WORLD GEOTHERMAL CONGRESS 2005&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:blue; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;http://www.wgc2005.org&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;This website contains information on the World&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;Geothermal Congress 2005 meeting. Some of the&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;links includes information on their short courses,&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;technical program, organizing committee, calendar&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;and deadlines and accommodation.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;ENERGY &amp;amp; GEOSCIENCE INSTITUTE -&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;UNIVERSITY OF UTAH&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:blue; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;http://egi-geothermal.org/&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;Under the links on their main page they have a link to&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;the popular &quot;Red Brochure&quot; and a link to GIS&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;Projects. The &quot;Red Brochure&quot; is a publication that&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;has some general information on geothermal and is a&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;great publication to inform people about geothermal.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;The link for GIS Projects includes a Geothermal&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;Internet map server, which was created by using&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;ArcIMS. This map server has several layers, which&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;can be visible or active. As you zoom into the map&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;you are presented with more layers. Some of the&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;layers include thermal springs; geothermal study&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;areas/fields, faults and surface geology, county&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;boundaries just to name a few that can be viewed.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;You can also get information about areas they have&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;studied – an example would be the Dixie Valley area.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;After getting information about the area, a link is&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;provided to another page which provides some&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;publications on the area, raster data for the area, plus&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;some of the ArcView files are available. Of course at&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;the time I looked at the pages not every area had all&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;this information.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;SOUTHERN METHODIST UNIVERSITY&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;GEOTHERMAL LABORATORY&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:blue; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;http://www.smu.edu/geothermal/&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;They have a couple of databases on their website.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;The Regional Geothermal Database of US is a&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;database of primarily regional or background wells&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;that has been used to determine the heat flow for the&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;United States. The Western Geothermal Areas&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;Database is a database of over 5000 wells in mainly&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;high temperature geothermal areas from the Rockies&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;to the Pacific Ocean; all wells within a geothermal&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;area are located where available; the majority of the&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;data are from company documents, well logs and&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;publications. Many of the wells were not previously&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;accessible to the public. They have also produced a&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;Geothermal Map of North America and they explain&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;where the information came from to produce the&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;map. They also have some publications that are&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;downloadable from their website and links to other&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;websites and information.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;THE GLOBAL HEAT FLOW DATABASE OF&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;THE INTERNATIONAL HEAT FLOW&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;COMMISSION&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:blue; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;http://www.heatflow.und.edu/index2.html&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;This website provides information on heat flow for&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;all over the world. They have maps and databases in&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;either Excel or ASCII format for most of the world.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;The data presented on the maps use a color-coded&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;format using the visible light spectrum so that warm&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;colors (reds) indicate high heat flow and cool colors&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;(violet) indicate low heat flow. The spectral range for&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;each data map is 0 to 200 mW/ m^2 in intervals of 10&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;mW/ m^2. Heat flows greater than 200 mW/ m^2 are&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;assigned the warmest color.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY - GEOTHERMAL&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;ENERGY PROGRAM&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:blue; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;http://www.eere.energy.gov/geothermal&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;Describes the U.S. DOE Geothermal Energy Program&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;and provides information and news on geothermal&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;energy. They also have a link on their website under&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;their tab &quot;Information Resources&quot; which provides&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;links to all the National Labs publications that are&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;available for downloading or information on how to&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;request the publications on their respective websites.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;NATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;LABORATORY (NREL) GEOTHERMAL&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;TECHNOLOGIES PROGRAM&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:blue; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;http://www.nrel.gov/geothermal/&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;The information on this website is organized by&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;topics such as technology description, program&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;summary, research and development projects, and&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;publications. The publications listed are&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;downloadable PDF files.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY - GEOTHERMAL&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;ENERGY TECHNICAL SITE&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:blue; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;http://geothermal.id.doe.gov/&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;This website is maintained by Idaho National&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;Engineering and Environmental Laboratory (INEEL).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;They have links to several publications including&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;their research program annual reports, articles and a&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;recent Dixie Valley Workshop. They also provide&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;information on the geothermal resource maps they&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;have produced and links to download the maps.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;SANDIA NATIONAL LABORATORIES:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH DEPARTMENT&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:blue; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;http://www.sandia.gov/geothermal/&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:blue; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;https://cfwebprod.sandia.gov/cfdocs/GPI/&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;Sandia provides information on the different projects&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;they are working on and an email link to the person&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;in charge of the project. They also provide links to&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;several downloadable publications with more to be&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;added at a later date.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;GEOTHERMAL ENERGY ASSOCIATION&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:blue; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;http://www.geo-energy.org&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;The Geothermal Energy Association website includes&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;information on existing and planned power plants.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;Some of that information includes contact&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;information and where they are located. Also&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;includes information on the next Geothermal Energy&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;Trade Show that runs in conjunction with the&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;Geothermal Resources Council Annual Meeting.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;GEOTHERMAL-BIZ.COM&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:blue; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;http://www.geothermal-biz.com/home.htm&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;This website provides development information for&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;the geothermal entrepreneur. They have information&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;on financing geothermal direct use and small-scale&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;power projects. They also provide information on&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;why geothermal energy should be used for state&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;agencies, electric power companies and&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;environmental groups. Their calendar of events is the&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;most comprehensive that I have found.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;THE UNITED NATIONS UNIVERSITY -&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;GEOTHERMAL TRAINING PROGRAMME&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:blue; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;http://www.os.is/page/unugtp&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;This website explains what the United Nations&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;University does and explains about their program&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;plus what training they provide and the selection&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;process for becoming a candidate.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;A significant part of the practical training is done in&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;connection with the research projects of the Fellows.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;In many cases the participants bring with them data&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;from geothermal projects in their home countries, but&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;sometimes the research projects are integrated with&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;geothermal exploration or utilization projects that are&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;in progress in Iceland at the time of training. The&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;project topic is always selected with respect to the&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;conditions of the home country of the participant.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;Many of the project reports are written in such a way&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;that they serve as manuals for performing certain&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;measurements or interpretations dealt with in&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;respective reports.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;The Training Programme publishes all the project&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;reports. Since 1994, the reports have been published&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;in the annual book &quot;Geothermal Training in Iceland&quot;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;which has an international publishing code (ISBN&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;9979). Copies can be obtained upon request. The&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;reports are mailed regularly to former UNU Fellows&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;and many of the leading geothermal institutions in&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;the developing countries. UNU-GTP reports from the&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;years 1999 to 2003 are now available for&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;downloading from their website.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;EUROPEAN GEOTHERMAL ENERGY&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;COUNCIL – EGEC&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:blue; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;http://www.geothermie.de/egec_geothernet/menu/fra&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:blue; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;meset.htm&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;This website has a tremendous amount of information&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;on their website, but it is easy to forget where you are&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;in their website. They have three different levels that&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;you can enter into (Beginners, Professional and&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;Scientist), but once you enter into a level you can&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;access information in all the levels.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;The Beginners level includes information on what is&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;geothermal, why we should use it, geothermal short&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;course and basic information on the countries with&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;geothermal. The Professional level has information&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;on country overviews, project information, applied&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;technology, geological information, research&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;overview and future potential and developments.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;The Scientists level includes information on research&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;projects, scientific papers and congress information.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;GREAT BASIN CENTER FOR GEOTHERMAL&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;ENERGY&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:blue; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;http://www.unr.edu/geothermal&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;CALIFORNIA ENERGY COMMISSION&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:blue; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;http://www.energy.ca.gov&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;CALIFORNIA DEPARTMENT OF&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;CONSERVATION – DIVISION OF OIL, GAS&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;AND GEOTHERMAL RESOURCES&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:blue; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;http://www.consrv.ca.gov/DOG/index.htm&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;NEW ENERGY AND INDUSTRIAL&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;ORGANIZATION (NEDO) - GEOTHERMAL&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;ENERGY DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENT&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:blue; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;http://www.nedo.go.jp/chinetsu/indexe.htm&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;This website provides information on the types of&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;projects that NEDO are involved in.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;HOT DRY ROCK&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Swiss Deep Heat Mining Project&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:blue; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;http://www.dhm.ch/dhm.html&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;The website includes information on the Hot Dry&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;Rock geothermal energy program in Switzerland.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;There is also information about the technology and&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;the ongoing development program, including photos,&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;maps, and diagrams.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;European HDR project, Soultz-sous-Forets,&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;France&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:blue; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;http://www.soultz.net/&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;This website provides basic information on the HDR&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;Soultz project and status of the current phase of the&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;project.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Stadtwerke Bad Urach (German)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:blue; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;http://www.geothermie.de/bad_urach.htm&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;This website is in German, but they provide pictures&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;and graphics of the project, plus there are links to&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;other HDR projects in the world.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;CADDET&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;They provided information on full-scale commercial&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;geothermal energy projects and case studies.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:blue; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;http://www.caddet.co.uk/html/geo.htm&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;INTERNATIONAL DISTRICT ENERGY&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;ASSOCIATION&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:blue; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;http://www.districtenergy.org/&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;WASHINGTON STATE UNIVERSITY&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;ENERGY PROGRAM&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:blue; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;http://www.energy.wsu.edu/projects/renewables/geot&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:blue; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;hermal.cfm&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;PUBLICATIONS AVAILABLE ONLINE&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Geopubs – USGS Western Region Geologic&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Publications&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:blue; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;http://geopubs.wr.usgs.gov/&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;This webpage provides links to geologic publications&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;by the USGS on Scientific Investigation Reports and&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;Maps, Fact Sheets, Geologic Investigations Series&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;Maps, Circulars and Open-File Reports from 1988 to&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;2005, which can be viewed sorted by state or topic.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;USGS Open-File Report 99-425 Geothermal&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Industry Temperature Profiles from the Great&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Basin&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:blue; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;http://wrgis.wr.usgs.gov/open-file/of99-&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:blue; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;425/webmaps/home.html&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;This webpage provides a link to the database&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;produced from this report on the Great Basin and an&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;interactive map to access the well data including a&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;temperature log.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Geothermics&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:blue; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;http://www.elsevier.com/locate/geothermics&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;This webpage link provides information on the&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;publication Geothermics. Information is also&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;included on how to submit a paper and how to&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;subscribe to the Journal. The table of contents and&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;abstracts to articles is provided free.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;DOE&#39;s Scientific and Technical Information -&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Information Bridge&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:blue; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;http://www.osti.gov/bridge/&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;The website provides information on Department of&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;Energy research and development reports for such&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;topics as environmental sciences, energy&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;technologies, renewable energy and other topics.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Office of Scientific and Technical Information -&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Geothermal Energy Technology&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:blue; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;http://www.osti.gov/get/gethome.html&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;This website allows you to search for publications&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;from several different databases including Energy&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;Information Administration, Environmental&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;Protection Agency and National Technical&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;Information Service. I found the search mechanism,&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;though, on their website is a little hard to get the&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;publications you are trying to access.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Proceedings for Multiple Integrated Uses of&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Geothermal Resources - International Geothermal&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conference - 2003&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:blue; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;http://www.jardhitafelag.is/igc/nytt/&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;They have provided a website where the proceeding&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;of the conference can be downloaded. They can be&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;looked at by session or by author.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;WEBSITES WITH PICTURES OR SLIDES&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Geothermal Education Office&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:blue; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;http://geothermal.marin.org/&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;The Geothermal Education Office has produced a&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;slide presentation with 122 slides. These can be&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;viewed on their website and they provide information&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;on the use of the slides.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;National Renewable Energy Laboratory -&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Photographic Information Exchange&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:blue; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;http://www.nrel.gov/data/pix/searchpix.cgi?query=G&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:blue; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;EOTHERMAL&amp;amp;display_type=tiled&amp;amp;max_display=2&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:blue; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;0&amp;amp;search_home=searchpix_visual.html&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;This website has 620 pix images concerning&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;geothermal which can be viewed at 20 pictures on a&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;page with a description of each picture.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;GEOTHERMAL ASSOCIATION WEBSITES&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;Most countries have some type of Geothermal&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;Association below are the ones that I have come&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;across in my research for this paper. I am sure there&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;are other association websites, but they might be in&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;their native language only and not English. Some of&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;the websites below are in both their native language&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;and English.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;Australian CRC for Renewable Energy Ltd&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:blue; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;http://acre.murdoch.edu.au/refiles/geo/text.html&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;Canadian Geothermal Energy Association&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:blue; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;http://www.geothermal.ca/&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;German Geothermal Association Welcome to GtV&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:blue; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;http://www.geothermie.de/&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;Hungarian Geothermal Association&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:blue; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;http://www.deltasoft.hu/mgte/indexa.htm&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;Iceland Geothermal Association&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:blue; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;http://www.jardhitafelag.is/english/index.shtml&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;Indonesian Geothermal Association&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:blue; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;http://www.api.or.id/&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;Ireland Geothermal Association&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:blue; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;http://www.feasta.org/documents/wells/contents.html&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:blue; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;?seven/connor.html&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;Mexican Geothermal Association&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:blue; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;http://www.ugm.org.mx/agm/&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;New Zealand Geothermal Association&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;http://www.nzgeothermal.org.nz/&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;Polish Geothermal Association&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;http://www.pga.org.pl/&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;Swiss Geothermal Society _SVG-SSG&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:blue; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;http://www.geothermal-energy.ch/fr/svg/svg.htm&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;Turkish Geothermal Association&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:blue; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;http://www.jeotermaldernegi.org.tr/&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;HEAT PUMP WEBSITES&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;Geothermal Heat Pump Consortium&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:blue; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;http://www.geoexchange.org/&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;International Ground Source Heat Pump Association&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:blue; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;http://www.igshpa.okstate.edu/&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;European Heat Pump Association&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:blue; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;http://www.ehpa.org&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;GeoCool Lab - Department of Mechanical&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;Engineering - University of Alabama&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:blue; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;http://bama.ua.edu/~geocool/&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;Earth Energy Society of Canada, Ground Source&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;Heat Pumps&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:blue; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;http://www.earthenergy.ca/&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:black; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;The IEA Heat Pump Centre (HPC)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#39;color:blue; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt&#39;&gt;http://www.heatpumpcentre.org/&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://energiageotermia.blogspot.com/feeds/6814975359834586517/comments/default' title='Commenti sul post'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/7054139983033910386/6814975359834586517' title='0 Commenti'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7054139983033910386/posts/default/6814975359834586517'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7054139983033910386/posts/default/6814975359834586517'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://energiageotermia.blogspot.com/2007/08/geotermia-siti-utili.html' title='Geotermia Siti Utili'/><author><name>Matteo</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08668912642080495979</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='31' height='32' src='http://www.naymz.com/media/images/984408/portrait-full.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7054139983033910386.post-6788772133608509428</id><published>2007-08-21T06:08:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2007-09-11T03:05:44.122-07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="documenti"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="energia geotermica"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="pompe di calore"/><title type='text'>Manuale Pompe di Calore</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur=&quot;try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}&quot; href=&quot;http://www.srmi.biz/Graphics/Tips/NewHeatPump.jpg&quot;&gt;&lt;img style=&quot;margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 320px;&quot; src=&quot;http://www.srmi.biz/Graphics/Tips/NewHeatPump.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Vi segnalo un link DAVVERO molto utile per chi installa o è proprietario di una Pompa di Calore. Sfortunatamente è in inglese. Se riesco a fare una traduzione , la posto in questo blog&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:180%;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(255, 0, 0);&quot;&gt;Manuale Pompe di Calore (English Version)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://geoheat.oit.edu/ghp/survival.pdf&quot;&gt;http://geoheat.oit.edu/ghp/survival.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://energiageotermia.blogspot.com/feeds/6788772133608509428/comments/default' title='Commenti sul post'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/7054139983033910386/6788772133608509428' title='0 Commenti'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7054139983033910386/posts/default/6788772133608509428'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7054139983033910386/posts/default/6788772133608509428'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://energiageotermia.blogspot.com/2007/08/manuale-pompe-di-calore.html' title='Manuale Pompe di Calore'/><author><name>Matteo</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08668912642080495979</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='31' height='32' src='http://www.naymz.com/media/images/984408/portrait-full.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7054139983033910386.post-7488282839362464010</id><published>2007-08-21T05:48:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2007-09-11T03:06:24.128-07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="energia geotermica"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="geotermia"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="impianti geotermici"/><title type='text'>Raccogliamo Info sulla Geotermia</title><content type='html'>&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:26;&quot;  &gt;Energia geotermica&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;Aspetti generali della geotermia&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;L’energia geotermica è la forma d’energia dovuta al calore endogeno della Terra;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;vulcani, sorgenti termali, soffioni e gayser documentano bene la presenza di calore&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;immagazzinato nella crosta terrestre e che fluisce verso l&#39;esterno con l’ausilio di fluidi&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;vettori come acqua e vapore. La temperatura, all’interno del nostro pianeta, aumenta&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;con la profondità secondo un gradiente geotermico di 3°C ogni 100 metri, anche se&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;esistono zone con gradienti geotermici anomali in cui il flusso di calore è maggiore (9-&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;12°C ogni 100 metri).&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;Il calore terrestre è prevalentemente d’origine radiogenica e subordinatamente&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;planetaria e chimica; deriva principalmente dal decadimento degli isotopi radioattivi&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;presenti soprattutto nel mantello (quelli più importanti sono il torio 232, l&#39;uranio 238,&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;e 235 ed il potassio 40). In media il calore terrestre calcolato è pari a 0,06 W/m2,&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;quindi considerando tutta la superficie si arriva a valori di 30.000 miliardi di watt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;questa energia termica, per unità di tempo e di area, costituisce il flusso geotermico e&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;viene espressa in HFU (Heat Flow Unit) ed è equivalente ad una microcaloria per&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;centimetro quadro al secondo ( ), cioè in un secondo la Terra disperde una&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;microcaloria per centimetro quadro.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;Caratteristiche dei sistemi geotermici&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;Lo sfruttamento dell’energia geotermica consiste nell’utilizzazione del calore contenuto&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;nelle rocce del nostro pianeta piuttosto vicine alla superficie, dove arriva propagandosi&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;dalle zone più profonde della Terra. Per giungere in superficie il calore ha bisogno di&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;un vettore fluido (acqua o vapore), naturale o iniettato, che deve poter fluire in gran&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;quantità in rocce porose e permeabili (rocce serbatoio), queste a loro volta devono&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;essere protette da rocce impermeabili (copertura) che impediscano o limitino la&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;dispersione dei fluidi e del calore.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;Per garantire la “rinnovabilità” del sistema geotermico, in pratica sostituire il fluido&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;sottratto dall’utilizzazione, è necessaria l’esistenza di una zona di alimentazione&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;esterna; il fluido, in questo caso, proviene prevalentemente da acqua meteorica. Nel&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;caso di serbatoi “confinati”, dove il fluido è fossile, invece, l’eventuale ricarica è&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;effettuata solo artificialmente mediante la reiniezione.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;In un sistema geotermico, l’acqua penetra nel sottosuolo attraverso rocce permeabili&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;formando delle falde sotterranee e, per effetto del calore trasmesso alle rocce da una&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;fonte, quale una massa magmatica, si scalda fino a raggiungere temperature di alcune&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;centinaia di gradi; il fluido (acqua e/o vapore) in queste condizioni risale lungo faglie o&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;fratture dando luogo alle manifestazioni geotermiche.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;La risalita può anche essere indotta artificialmente tramite una perforazione&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;meccanica (pozzo geotermico), il fluido così captato, dopo alcuni trattamenti, è inviato&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;agli impianti di utilizzazione (produzione di energia elettrica o usi diretti).&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;Con riferimento ai fluidi erogati in superficie i sistemi geotermici si dividono in diverse&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;classi.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:8;color:black;&quot;   &gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;1. Sistemi a vapore secco “a vapore dominante”: costituiti soprattutto da vapore&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;secco che si trova a pressioni e temperature elevate accompagnato da altri gas&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;o sostanze solubili (CO2, H2S, B, NH3). Il vapore può essere utilizzato&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;direttamente per la produzione di energia elettrica convogliandolo ad una&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;turbina. Nel mondo sono noti pochi sistemi di questo tipo: Italia (Larderello),&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;California (The Geysers), Giappone e Nuovo Messico.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;2. Sistemi a vapore umido o “ad acqua dominante”: costituito da acqua calda a&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;temperatura superiore al suo punto di ebollizione e ad alta pressione, nel&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;momento in cui viene ridotta la pressione nella colonna del pozzo l’acqua&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;vaporizza ed arriva in superficie sotto forma di una miscela composta di acqua e&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;vapore. Il vapore può essere utilizzato per la produzione di energia elettrica,&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;mentre l’acqua calda può esser usata in impianti di dissalazione per produrre&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;acque dolci. La temperatura in questo tipo di sistema è compresa tra 180 e&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;370° C. Questi sistemi sono più abbondanti del tipo precedente.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;3. Sistemi ad acqua calda: contengono acqua a temperatura inferiore ai 100° C&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;(50-82° C) utilizzabile soprattutto per usi diretti (riscaldamento delle abitazioni,&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;delle serre, impianti industriali).&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;4. Sistemi in rocce calde secche: sono sistemi formati con la creazione artificiale di&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;un serbatoio geotermico. Nel serbatoio viene iniettata, tramite un pozzo,&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;dell’acqua fredda che, una volta scaldatasi grazie all’elevato calore delle rocce,&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;è fatta risalire in superficie per la sua utilizzazione. Questi sistemi sono in fase&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;di sperimentazione avanzata.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;5. Sistemi magmatici: sono sistemi artificiali che mirano a sfruttare il calore&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;diretto di un magma per riscaldare un fluido di lavoro. Sono al primo stadio di&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;sperimentazione.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;6. Sistemi geopressurizzati: tale nome deriva dal fatto che l’acqua, a temperatura&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;elevata (200° C), si trova imprigionata in serbatoi sottoposti ad una pressione&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;superiore a quella idrostatica. Possono produrre energia geotermica, meccanica,&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;chimica. Ancora non si è provveduto ad uno sfruttamento di tali sistemi.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;Utilizzazione dei fluidi geotermici&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;Dal punto di vista dell’utilizzazione, la geotermia si può dividere in alcuni settori:&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;1. Settore degli usi ad alta entalpia, con fluidi a temperature superiori ai 150° C,&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;riguarda la produzione di energia elettrica e alcuni usi industriali.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;2. Settore degli usi a media e bassa entalpia, con fluidi a temperature 150-100° C&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;nel primo caso ed inferiore ai 100° C nel secondo, riguarda gli usi diretti: civili,&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;agricoli, industriali.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;Vi è inoltre il settore degli usi termali, caratterizzato dagli usi terapeutici e ricreativi.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;In Italia, la situazione sembra essere piuttosto buona per l’alta entalpia, soprattutto&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;per i progetti dell’ENEL che mirano ad un incremento della produzione.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;Risulta, invece, troppo esigua rispetto alle potenzialità accertate, quella della bassa&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;entalpia relativa al campo delle utilizzazioni dirette. In tutto il paese i progetti&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;realizzati o in corso di realizzazione superano di poco la ventina; vengono trascurati&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;fluidi con buone temperature anche facilmente reperibili, contrariamente a quanto&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;accade in altri paesi poco geotermici.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;Nel nostro pianeta, esistono vaste zone nel cui sottosuolo vi sono fluidi a temperature&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;comprese tra 40 e 100° C facilmente accessibili, che potrebbero essere direttamente&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;utilizzati per il riscaldamento e la refrigerazione, consentendo quindi un notevole&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;risparmio di idrocarburi.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;Queste applicazioni non elettriche, dei fluidi geotermici a bassa entalpia, si stanno&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;sviluppando in molti paesi del mondo situati in zone caratterizzate da gradienti termici&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:8;color:black;&quot;   lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; &gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;bassi o normali; per esempio, nella regione di Parigi, migliaia di abitazioni sono&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;scaldate con acqua a temperature comprese tra 60 e 73° C che si trovano a 1800&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;metri di profondità.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;Produzione di energia elettrica&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;Una centrale geotermoelettrica differisce da quella tradizionale termoelettrica, i cui&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;costituenti essenziali sono il generatore di vapore (fonte energetica), la turbina,&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;l’alternatore (per la generazione di energia elettrica) ed il condensatore (per la&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;condensazione del vapore esausto), per gli apparati necessari al trattamento del fluido&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;naturale proveniente dal sottosuolo e per l’estrazione dei gas incondensabili&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;(soprattutto CO2) sempre presenti nel vapore.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;Nel caso in cui la centrale sia installata in un campo “a vapore secco” (come quello di&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;Larderello), il vapore è inviato direttamente alla turbina, all’uscita da questa, il vapore&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;esausto viene condensato e depurato dei gas incondensabili, mentre l’acqua di&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;condensa può venir dispersa in superficie o reiniettata nel sottosuolo. Quando invece,&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;si tratta di campi “ad acqua dominante”, la miscela acqua/vapore che fuoriesce dal&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;pozzo geotermico, è sottoposta ad un processo di separazione dal quale si ottiene il&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;vapore che sarà inviato alla turbina ed un’alta percentuale di acqua (30-80% del&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;totale) che verrà dispersa o reiniettata. E’ da notare che, contrariamente a quanto si&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;verifica nelle centrali termoelettriche tradizionali, dove la pressione del vapore è&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;portata a più di 150 atm, quella del vapore di un pozzo geotermico raramente supera&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;le 30 atm.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;Le centrali in uso in geotermia sono di diversi tipi:&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;a. Centrale a scarico libero, il vapore proveniente direttamente dal pozzo o da un&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;separatore (campo ad “acqua dominante”) è inviato alla turbina e dopo la&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;generazione di energia elettrica, viene scaricato in aria a pressione atmosferica;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;le acque reflue sono reiniettate o disperse in superficie.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;b. Centrale a condensazione, il vapore esausto che esce dalla turbina, viene&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;inviato ad una “camera di condensazione/depressione” raffreddata da acqua&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;derivante da una torre di raffreddamento o da acque correnti. I gas&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;incondensabili vengono estratti meccanicamente e scaricati all’esterno, mentre i&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;reflui dei condensatori o dei separatori sono incanalati in pozzi di reiniezione o&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;dispersi in superficie.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;c. Centrale a flash singolo, usata nei campi “ad acqua dominante”. Il fluido&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;geotermico erogato da un pozzo, viene inviato ad un separatore che riduce la&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;pressione e separa le due fasi acqua/vapore. Il vapore entra poi nella turbina e&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;dopo la generazione di elettricità è condensato ed inviato ai pozzi di reiniezione&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;o smaltito in altro modo.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;d. Centrale a doppio flash, usata nei campi “ad acqua dominante”. Il fluido,&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;proveniente dal pozzo, entra in un primo separatore dove si genera il primo&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;flash di vapore ad alta pressione (a 160° C). Successivamente è inviato ad un&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;secondo separatore dove si genera un secondo flash di vapore a bassa&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;pressione (a 120° C). I flussi di vapore ottenuti, ad alta e bassa pressione, sono&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;inviati a turbine distinte.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;e. Centrale a ciclo binario, usata soprattutto per fluidi a medio-bassa entalpia o&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;per “salamoie” da non lasciare vaporizzare perché incrostanti. Il fluido&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;geotermico è inviato, in pressione, ad uno scambiatore dove cede il calore ad&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;un fluido di lavoro (freon, cloruro d’etile). Successivamente i reflui geotermici&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;vengono reiniettati nell’acquifero; il vapore del fluido secondario, dopo esser&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;passato alla turbina, viene condensato e ritorna allo scambiatore per&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;vaporizzare nuovamente.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:8;color:black;&quot;   &gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;f. Centrale a flusso totale, funziona col fluido bifase (miscela acqua/vapore e gas&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;associati) direttamente erogato dal pozzo. Dopo la generazione di energia&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;elettrica il fluido è condensato e reiniettato nell’acquifero.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;g. Minicentrale a condensazione, centrale a condensazione di potenza limitata che&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;utilizza fluidi a temperatura anche inferiore ai 100° C.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;Usi diretti&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;Il riscaldamento è la forma più antica e diffusa tra gli usi diretti dell’energia&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;geotermica; larga utilizzazione è stata fatta in Islanda, dove, per l’abbondanza dei&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;fluidi caldi disponibili, il 97% della popolazione della capitale è servita da&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;riscaldamento geotermico urbano. Analoga situazione si ha anche in Francia, paese&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;poco geotermico, negli Stati Uniti, in Cina ed in Giappone.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;In Italia le realizzazioni più importanti sono quelle di Ferrara, Vicenza, Castelnuovo Val&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;di Cecina, Acqui, Bagno di Romagna e Grosseto.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;Per il riscaldamento degli ambienti, le temperature dei fluidi devono essere dell’ordine&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;di 50-80° C per gli impianti a termosifone, 35-50° C per i pannelli radianti; qualora i&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;fluidi geotermici non raggiungessero le temperature richieste, si possono adottare dei&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;sistemi integrativi quali una caldaia o una pompa di calore. Un impianto di&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;teleriscaldamento può provvedere anche alla fornitura di acqua calda sanitaria; se le&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;acque geotermiche sono dolci, come nel caso di Vicenza, possono essere distribuite&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;direttamente agli utenti, se invece, sono salate, come a Ferrara, si provvede&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;immettendo nella rete sanitaria una parte dell’acqua di acquedotto circolante nello&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;scambiatore di calore.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;Si può ottenere uno sfruttamento integrale della risorsa geotermica con il&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;riscaldamento invernale ed il raffrescamento estivo, disponendo di fluidi a 80-110° C&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;che alimentino pompe di calore reversibili, ad assorbimento, con fluidi appropriati (ad&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;esempio ammoniaca, bromuro di litio).&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;Altri usi dei fluidi geotermici sono rappresentati dall’azione antigelo dei suoli, dal&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;riscaldamento delle serre e dall’utilizzo nelle attività industriali per fornire il “calore di&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;processo” utilizzato nel ciclo di produzione. Un uso razionale che permette di ottenere&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;la massima efficienza dai fluidi geotermici, è rappresentata dagli usi integrati dello&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;stesso fluido per impianti ed utenti diversi, con un sistema in serie, “a cascata”, le&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;acque reflue a bassa temperatura di una centrale geotermica, possono essere usate,&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;per esempio, per il riscaldamento, per la serricoltura, per l’acquacoltura e per&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;l’irrigazione.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;Nel quadro volto allo sfruttamento razionale dell’energia geotermica, viene impiegata&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;sempre di più la “pompa di calore”, grazie alla quale sono utilizzati anche i fluidi a&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;temperatura molto bassa.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;La pompa di calore è una macchina termica in grado di trasferire il calore da un corpo&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;più freddo ad uno più caldo, innalzandone la temperatura; essa estrae calore da una&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;sorgente a bassa temperatura, sorgente fredda, con dispendio di energia esterna che&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;può essere di natura elettrica, meccanica, o appunto geotermica.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;Nei paesi dove si sta diffondendo lo sfruttamento dell’energia geotermica alle più&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;basse temperature (7- 40° C), quali la Svezia, il Giappone, gli Stati Uniti, la Svizzera,&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;la Germania e la Francia, l’uso delle pompe di calore ha toccato dei livelli&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;sorprendenti; negli Stati Uniti per esempio nel 1993 ne erano installate più di&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;150.000. Un’altra tecnologia molto in uso accanto alle pompe di calore è&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;rappresentata dallo “scambiatore di calore”, necessario nei casi in cui non è possibile&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;mettere a contatto i fluidi geotermici direttamente con gli impianti di utilizzazione,&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;quando il contenuto salino del fluido può creare danni quali la corrosione o&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;l’inquinamento. Gli scambiatori di calore vengono fabbricati in diverse versioni di cui le&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;principali sono: a piastre, a fasce tubiere, a serpentina ed a miscela diretta, con&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;separazione finale e recupero del fluido di lavoro dal fluido primario.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;Un particolare tipo è quello utilizzato direttamente nel pozzo, con circolazione di acqua&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:8;color:black;&quot;   lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; &gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;dolce o di fluido basso-bollente nel secondario.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;Panorama geotermico mondiale&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;L’uso del calore endogeno della Terra, dopo le prime applicazioni di Larderello, si è&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;sviluppato in tutto il mondo con progetti che utilizzano fluidi ad alta e bassa entalpia e&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;che mirano alla produzione di energia elettrica ed agli usi termici diretti.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;Complessivamente, con riferimento al 1998, la potenza installata nel mondo è di circa&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;7.953 MWe e 7.183 MWt ed i campi geotermici in esercizio o in via di sviluppo sono in&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;tutto 95 su oltre 250 accertati.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;Continente Americano&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;Gli Stati Uniti (2850 MWe, 2700 MWt al 1998) sono uno dei paesi più all’avanguardia&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;nella geotermia con 26 campi in esercizio ad alta entalpia; si tratta soprattutto di&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;campi “ad acqua dominante” distribuiti nell’Imperial Valley in California settentrionale,&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;vi è, inoltre, un campo gigante “a vapore dominante” a The Geysers.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;The Geysers è il più grande giacimento geotermico scoperto nel mondo, proprio in&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;questo campo fu commissionato, nel 1960, il primo impianto degli Stati Uniti, per lo&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;sfruttamento di energia geotermica, con una capacità di 12,5 MW. Nel campo di The&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;Geysers vi sono 521 pozzi produttivi ma solo il 20% dei fluidi estratti viene reiniettato,&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;questo fatto ha determinato un eccessivo sfruttamento del giacimento che ora è in&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;declino, di conseguenza la produzione record installata nel 1987, di 2093 MWe, è stata&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;ridimensionata a 1180 MWe nel 1993.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;Oltre alla California vi sono prospettive geotermiche negli altri stati della fascia&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;occidentale fino all’Alaska. Risulta molto sviluppato anche il settore delle basse&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;temperature, sfruttato soprattutto per il riscaldamento civile (1700 MWt al 1995) ed&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;integrato con altre tecnologie quali gli scambiatori di calore e le pompe di calore; solo&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;gli impianti di riscaldamento realizzati con queste ultime, sono al 1995 più di 150.000&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;con un risparmio di 400 MWt .&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;Oltre al settore del riscaldamento urbano, l’energia geotermica viene sfruttata nelle&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;serre e nel settore industriale (450 MWt al 1995).&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;Il secondo campo geotermico per potenzialità, dopo The Geysers, ma il primo al&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;mondo “ad acqua dominante”, è quello in Messico (743 MWe, 8 MWt, al 1998) di&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;Cerro Prieto (620 MWe); in questo stato, vi sono altri 3 campi in esercizio ed altri&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;potenzialmente sfruttabili soprattutto lungo la fascia vulcanica che lo attraversa&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;longitudinalmente; al contrario degli Stati Uniti, il settore degli usi diretti non è molto&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;sviluppato. Per quel che concerne gli altri paesi del continente americano, il Canada ha&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;installato una centrale da 60 MWe, ma si stima la possibilità di portarla ad almeno 120&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;MWe; nel Centro e Sud America, vengono privilegiati gli usi elettrici, El Salvador ha&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;una potenza installata, al 1998, di 105 MWe, ma vi sono potenziali ancora non&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;sfruttati, analogamente accade nel Nicaragua con 70 MWe al 1998, in molti altri paesi&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;di questo continente vi sono grandi potenzialità accertate, ma molti ostacoli nella&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;realizzazione per le difficoltà finanziarie.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;Oceania&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;La Nuova Zelanda (364 MWe, 175 MWt e 4 campi in esercizio al 1998) ha il merito di&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;avere sperimentato, fin dagli anni Cinquanta, la tecnologia di produzione e&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;sfruttamento dei campi a vapore umido che rappresentano la quasi totalità dei campi&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;geotermici mondiali.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;Asia&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;Per l’arcipelago delle Filippine, l’energia geotermica per produzione di elettricità&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;costituisce una risorsa estremamente importante fin dagli anni Settanta, con 9 campi&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;in esercizio, al 1998 erano installati 1.848 MWe e 1 MWt ed il governo sta mirando a&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;dare un ulteriore incremento, non è molto sviluppato, invece, il settore delle basse&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;temperature.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;Anche l’arcipelago dell’Indonesia ha un enorme potenziale geotermico dell’ordine di&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:8;color:black;&quot;   lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; &gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;16.000 MWe , installati al 1998 sono 528 MWe , poco sviluppato è il settore degli usi&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;termici diretti. Il Giappone ha circa 17 campi in esercizio per la produzione di energia&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;elettrica ed installati 530 MWe e 4.651 MWt al 1998.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;L’utilizzazione dell’energia geotermica in Cina (32 MWe, 3.550 MWt al 1998) è mirata&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;prevalentemente ai fluidi a bassa temperatura, con 210 operazioni nel settore del&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;riscaldamento, dell’agricoltura, dell’acquacoltura e dell’industria.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;Africa&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;Prospettive geotermiche ad alta entalpia si individuano nella Rift Valley (Africa&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;orientale) e nelle aree vulcaniche del Camerun e delle isole oceaniche, mentre il Nord&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;Africa ha significative risorse nel campo delle medie e basse temperature.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;Il Kenya è il paese africano dove è stata maggiormente sviluppata la geotermia, al&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;1998 erano installati 45 MWe con la prospettiva di un incremento.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;Europa&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;La Francia (4,2 MWe nelle Antille, 756 MWt di cui 675 per teleriscaldamento al 1995)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;è il paese leader del riscaldamento geotermico con 74 progetti realizzati nei bacini di&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;Parigi e dell’Aquitania.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;Questo paese ha sviluppato, fin dal 1969, la tecnologia di produzione attraverso il&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;“doublet” costituito da una coppia di pozzi di cui uno produttore e l’altro reiniettore,&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;che dopo l’estrazione del calore, consente la reiniezione in serbatoio dei fluidi&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;geotermici raffreddati, permettendo così, sia lo smaltimento dei reflui che la&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;ripressurizzazione e rialimentazione dell’acquifero, si risolve quindi il problema&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;dell’inquinamento ed il fenomeno della subsidenza; questa tecnologia ha reso possibile&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;l’utilizzo degli acquiferi profondi, inquinanti e subsidenti del “bacino di Parigi”.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;Il maggiore complesso di teleriscaldamento del mondo è proprio a Parigi, con 3&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;operazioni, 4 doublets profondi 1.900 metri con acqua a 79° C che riforniscono 15.000&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;alloggi.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;Rilevante è anche lo sfruttamento, con pompe di calore, delle risorse superficiali a&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;bassa temperatura (12-25° C), per il riscaldamento di oltre 35.000 alloggi.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;Anche in Germania (195 MWt al 1995) ed in Svizzera ( 40 MWt al 1995) sono molto&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;sviluppate le utilizzazioni a bassissima temperatura con pompe di calore, per una&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;potenza di 160 MWt nel primo paese e 5.000 installazioni nel secondo; molto&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;interessante è poi il progetto di riscaldamento urbano della città di Lund in Svezia (25&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;MWt al 1995) con 2 maxipompe di calore da 13 MWt che sfruttano due pozzi di 670 e&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;800 metri di profondità con acque a 23-28° C.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;La Grecia (2 MWe, 30 MWt al 1995) presenta discrete risorse ancora non sviluppate&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;sia nella bassa che nell’alta entalpia, questa ultima nelle isole vulcaniche dell’Egeo.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;Il paese più caldo dell’Europa centrale è l’Ungheria (2.200 MWt al 1995), grazie&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;all’anomalia termica positiva; è sviluppato solo il campo della bassa temperatura&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;sfruttato essenzialmente per il settore agricolo.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;La maggior parte dei paesi europei ha prospetti solo nel campo delle basse&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;temperature, fa eccezione assieme all’Italia, l’Islanda (51 MWe 1.310 MWt e 4 campi&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;in esercizio al 1998), questo è il paese geotermico per eccellenza, la risorsa, infatti,&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;soddisfa l’80% della domanda d’energia dell’isola.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;Oltre all’uso elettrico dei fluidi geotermici che, accanto alle risorse idriche, soddisfano&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;completamente il fabbisogno nazionale di energia, è ben sviluppato anche il settore&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;del riscaldamento urbano, dell’acqua calda sanitaria e degli usi industriali.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;La geotermia in Italia&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;L’Italia è il paese geotermicamente più “caldo” di tutta l’Europa, cosa testimoniata dai&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;numerosi vulcani, dai soffioni boraciferi, dalle sorgenti termominerali.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;Al 2000 la potenza installata era di 785 MWe (l’1,5% della produzione elettrica totale&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;del paese); mentre per gli usi diretti era di 324,6 MWt dei quali il 41% utilizzato per il&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;riscaldamento, il 28% per usi termali, il 22% per le serre, il 9% per i processi&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;industriali e l’1% per l’itticoltura.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:8;color:black;&quot;   lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; &gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;Le prime applicazioni della geotermia si sono avute proprio nel nostro paese ed in&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;particolare a Larderello (Toscana) dove esistevano evidenti manifestazioni&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;geotermiche; infatti, già dal 1777 veniva utilizzato l’acido borico delle acque&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;geotermiche della zona e nel 1827 si ha la prima vera utilizzazione in forma diretta&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;dell’energia geotermica il cui calore veniva usato, al posto della legna, per&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;l’evaporazione dell’acqua da cui estrarre l’acido borico.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;Nel 1904 nasce la geotermoelettricità, vennero accese delle lampade tramite una&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;dinamo azionata da una macchina a vapore da 0.75 CV, alimentata da un soffione. Tra&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;il 1905 ed il 1936 vengono migliorate le tecniche di perforazione e si arriva ad una&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;potenza elettrica installata di 73 MW; dagli anni Venti, proprio da Larderello, si&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;estende a tutto il mondo l’interesse per la geotermia.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;Dagli anni Settanta viene dato un notevole impulso all’esplorazione in tutte le aree&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;italiane, cosa che porta all’individuazione di diverse aree geotermiche e di altri due&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;campi ad alta entalpia, oltre a quello di Larderello, presso Latera nel Lazio e Mofete in&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;Campania.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;Diversi sono i progetti realizzati per l’utilizzo dei fluidi geotermici per il&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;teleriscaldamento, i più significativi sono quello di Ferrara (12 MWt ), di Vicenza (5&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;MWt ) e di Rodigo (3,7 MWt) per la bassa entalpia, quello di Larderello (24,1 MWt) e&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;di Castelnuovo Val di Cecina (5,3 MWt) per l’alta entalpia.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;Per quel che concerne la geotermia dei fluidi ad alta entalpia utilizzata per la&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;produzione di energia elettrica, 4 sono i campi in esercizio, il più importante dei quali&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;è quello di Larderello con 547 MWe installati; 108 MWe sono installati nella regione del&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:black;&quot;  &gt;Monte Amiata; 90 MWe nella regione toscana di Travale-Radicondoli; infine 40 MWe&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 115%;font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:11;color:black;&quot;   &gt;presso Latera nel Lazio.&lt;/span&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://energiageotermia.blogspot.com/feeds/7488282839362464010/comments/default' title='Commenti sul post'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/7054139983033910386/7488282839362464010' title='0 Commenti'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7054139983033910386/posts/default/7488282839362464010'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7054139983033910386/posts/default/7488282839362464010'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://energiageotermia.blogspot.com/2007/08/raccogliamo-info-sulla-geotermia.html' title='Raccogliamo Info sulla Geotermia'/><author><name>Matteo</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08668912642080495979</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='31' height='32' src='http://www.naymz.com/media/images/984408/portrait-full.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7054139983033910386.post-5198061343741610653</id><published>2007-08-20T07:16:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2007-09-11T03:06:52.503-07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="energia geotermica"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="geotermia"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="impianti geotermici"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="pompe di calore"/><title type='text'>Energia Geotermica</title><content type='html'>&lt;object height=&quot;350&quot; width=&quot;425&quot;&gt;&lt;param name=&quot;movie&quot; value=&quot;http://www.youtube.com/v/ITktEqNrmqQ&quot;&gt;&lt;param name=&quot;wmode&quot; value=&quot;transparent&quot;&gt;&lt;embed src=&quot;http://www.youtube.com/v/ITktEqNrmqQ&quot; type=&quot;application/x-shockwave-flash&quot; wmode=&quot;transparent&quot; height=&quot;350&quot; width=&quot;425&quot;&gt;&lt;/embed&gt;&lt;/object&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;L&#39;energia Geotermica secondo Wikipedia:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 102);&quot;&gt;L&#39;&lt;b&gt;energia geotermica&lt;/b&gt; è l&#39;energia generata per mezzo di fonti geologiche di &lt;a href=&quot;http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calore&quot; title=&quot;Calore&quot;&gt;calore&lt;/a&gt; e può essere considerata una forma di &lt;a href=&quot;http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energia_rinnovabile&quot; title=&quot;Energia rinnovabile&quot;&gt;energia rinnovabile&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 102);&quot;&gt;A volte si utilizza il termine &lt;a href=&quot;http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geotermia&quot; title=&quot;Geotermia&quot;&gt;geotermia&lt;/a&gt; (che in realtà indica la specialità della &lt;a href=&quot;http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geofisica&quot; title=&quot;Geofisica&quot;&gt;geofisica&lt;/a&gt; che studia il calore terrestre) per indicare lo sfruttamento dell&#39;energia geotermica.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 102);&quot;&gt;Il calore della &lt;a href=&quot;http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terra&quot; title=&quot;Terra&quot;&gt;Terra&lt;/a&gt; è l&#39;energia naturale che da sempre accompagna la storia dell&#39;uomo fin dalle sue origini. La stessa vita biologica è probabilmente nata in particolari condizioni ambientali &quot;tra &lt;a href=&quot;http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acqua&quot; title=&quot;Acqua&quot;&gt;acqua&lt;/a&gt; e &lt;a href=&quot;http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuoco&quot; title=&quot;Fuoco&quot;&gt;fuoco&lt;/a&gt;&quot;.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 102);&quot;&gt;Le &lt;a href=&quot;http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperatura&quot; title=&quot;Temperatura&quot;&gt;temperature&lt;/a&gt; del globo sono crescenti man mano che si scende in profondità, in media ogni 100 &lt;a href=&quot;http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metro&quot; title=&quot;Metro&quot;&gt;metri&lt;/a&gt; la temperatura delle rocce aumenta di +3 °C (quindi 30 °C al &lt;a href=&quot;http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Km&quot; title=&quot;Km&quot;&gt;Km&lt;/a&gt; e 300 °C a 10 Km). Questo è valido però solo per quanto riguarda la &lt;a href=&quot;http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crosta_terrestre&quot; title=&quot;Crosta terrestre&quot;&gt;crosta terrestre&lt;/a&gt;, nel resto del globo l&#39;aumento di temperatura con la profondità (detto gradiente geotermico) è sensibilmente minore. Particolarmente nel mantello e nucleo esterno il gradiente geotermico segue un andamento di tipo adiabatico, e si attesta su valori medi rispettivamente di 0.3 °C/km e 0.8 °C/km.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 102);&quot;&gt;In alcune particolari zone si possono presentare condizioni in cui la temperatura del sottosuolo è leggermente più alta della media, un fenomeno causato dai fenomeni &lt;a href=&quot;http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vulcano_%28geologia%29&quot; title=&quot;Vulcano (geologia)&quot;&gt;vulcanici&lt;/a&gt; o &lt;a href=&quot;http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tettonica_a_zolle&quot; title=&quot;Tettonica a zolle&quot;&gt;tettonici&lt;/a&gt;. In queste zone &quot;calde&quot; l&#39;energia può essere facilmente recuperata mediante la geotermia.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 102);&quot;&gt;La geotermia consiste nel convogliare i &lt;a href=&quot;http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vapore&quot; title=&quot;Vapore&quot;&gt;vapori&lt;/a&gt; provenienti dalle sorgenti d&#39;acqua del sottosuolo verso apposite &lt;a href=&quot;http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbina&quot; title=&quot;Turbina&quot;&gt;turbine&lt;/a&gt; adibite alla produzione di &lt;a href=&quot;http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energia_elettrica&quot; title=&quot;Energia elettrica&quot;&gt;energia elettrica&lt;/a&gt; e riutilizzando il vapore acqueo per il riscaldamento, le coltivazioni in &lt;a href=&quot;http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serra&quot; title=&quot;Serra&quot;&gt;serra&lt;/a&gt; e il termalismo.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 102);&quot;&gt;Le principali applicazioni del vapore naturale proveniente dal sottosuolo sono due:&lt;/p&gt; &lt;ul style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 102);&quot;&gt;&lt;li&gt;La produzione di energia elettrica tramite il classico metodo delle &lt;a href=&quot;http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbina&quot; title=&quot;Turbina&quot;&gt;turbine&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Il calore &lt;a href=&quot;http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geotermia&quot; title=&quot;Geotermia&quot;&gt;geotermico&lt;/a&gt; incanalato in un sistema di tubature utilizzato per attività locali di riscaldamento.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 102);&quot;&gt;Per alimentare la produzione del vapore acqueo si ricorre spesso all&#39;immissione di acqua fredda in profondità, una tecnica utile per mantenere costante il flusso del vapore. In questo modo si riesce a far lavorare a pieno regime le turbine e produrre calore con continuità.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 102);&quot;&gt;La geotermia resta comunque una fonte energetica marginale da utilizzare solo in limitati contesti territoriali. Resta in ogni caso una potenzialità energetica da sfruttare laddove possibile, anche sfruttando le potenzialità del riscaldamento geotermico.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 102);&quot;&gt;La geotermia è la fortuna energetica dell&#39;&lt;a href=&quot;http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islanda&quot; title=&quot;Islanda&quot;&gt;Islanda&lt;/a&gt;. La grande isola del nord Atlantico basa l&#39;intera sua esistenza sul naturale equilibrio tra la presenza di acqua calda in profondità e l&#39;atmosfera esterna sotto zero.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 102);&quot;&gt;Il più grande complesso geotermico al mondo si trova in &lt;a href=&quot;http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/California&quot; title=&quot;California&quot;&gt;California&lt;/a&gt; a &lt;i&gt;The Geysers&lt;/i&gt; (l&#39;impianto ha un potenziale di 1400 &lt;a href=&quot;http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/MW&quot; title=&quot;MW&quot;&gt;MW&lt;/a&gt;, sufficiente a soddisfare le richieste energetiche dell&#39;area metropolitana di &lt;a href=&quot;http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Francisco&quot; title=&quot;San Francisco&quot;&gt;San Francisco&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 102);&quot;&gt;Dall&#39;inizio del novecento l&#39;Italia sfrutta il calore della Terra per produrre energia elettrica tramite la realizzazione di centrali elettriche geotermiche capaci di sfruttare la forza del vapore.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 102);&quot;&gt;In &lt;a href=&quot;http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italia&quot; title=&quot;Italia&quot;&gt;Italia&lt;/a&gt; la produzione di energia elettrica dalla geotermia è fortemente concentrata in &lt;a href=&quot;http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toscana&quot; title=&quot;Toscana&quot;&gt;Toscana&lt;/a&gt; (Pisa, Siena e Grosseto).&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 102);&quot;&gt;A &lt;a href=&quot;http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larderello&quot; title=&quot;Larderello&quot;&gt;Larderello&lt;/a&gt; si trova uno dei primi impianti geotermici al mondo: i primi esperimenti del Principe Piero Ginori-Conti risalgono al &lt;a href=&quot;http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/1904&quot; title=&quot;1904&quot;&gt;1904&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 102);&quot;&gt;Gli impianti di Larderello (Pisa) hanno un&#39;origine datata ben prima della metà dell&#39;ottocento. I vapori provenienti dal sottosuolo erano una valida alternativa delle innovative macchine a vapore industriali dell&#39;epoca ed avevano il pregio di non utilizzare il costoso carbone per alimentare le caldaie. Un vantaggio che non passò inosservato agli imprenditori toscani del primo ottocento.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 102);&quot;&gt;Una tradizione toscana che arriva fino ai nostri giorni e che pone la regione Toscana ai primi posti dello sfruttamento dell&#39;energia rinnovabile dalla geotermia. Non è un caso che proprio a Larderello si trovi un &quot;Museo dedicato al vapore&quot;.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 102);&quot;&gt;Il principio di funzionamento di una centrale geotermica è alquanto semplice per linee logiche. Il flusso di vapore proveniente dal sottosuolo produce una forza tale da far muovere una turbina, l&#39;energia meccanica della &lt;a href=&quot;http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbina&quot; title=&quot;Turbina&quot;&gt;turbina&lt;/a&gt; viene infine trasformata in elettricità tramite un sistema &lt;a href=&quot;http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternatore&quot; title=&quot;Alternatore&quot;&gt;alternatore&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 102);&quot;&gt;Dall&#39;esperienza toscana si possono trarre alcune importanti conclusioni positive e negative sulla geotermia. La fonte geotermica riceve in particolar modo due critiche:&lt;/p&gt; &lt;ul style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 102);&quot;&gt;&lt;li&gt;Dalle centrali geotermiche fuoriesce insieme al vapore anche il tipico odore sgradevole di uova marce delle zone termali causato dall&#39; idrogeno solforato. Un problema generalmente tollerato nel caso dei siti termali ma particolarmente avverso alla popolazione residente nei pressi di una centrale geotermica. Il problema è risolvibile mediante l&#39;installazione di particolari impianti di abbattimento.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt; &lt;ul style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 102);&quot;&gt;&lt;li&gt;L&#39;impatto esteriore delle centrali geotermiche può recare qualche problema paesaggistico. La centrale si presenta, infatti, come un groviglio di tubature anti-estetiche. Un&#39;immagine che non dista comunque da quella di molti altri siti industriali o fabbriche. Il problema paesaggistico può essere facilmente risolto unendo l&#39;approccio funzionale dei progetti ingegneristici con quello di un&#39;architettura rispettosa del paesaggio e del comune senso estetico.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 102);&quot;&gt;Per il resto la geotermia consente di trarre dalle forze naturali rinnovabili una grande quantità di energia rinnovabile e pulita.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 102);&quot;&gt;I &quot;giacimenti naturali di vapore&quot; in Toscana producono ogni anno oltre 4 miliardi di &lt;a href=&quot;http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilowattora&quot; title=&quot;Kilowattora&quot;&gt;kilowattora&lt;/a&gt; di elettricità nelle sole centrali toscane di &lt;a href=&quot;http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larderello&quot; title=&quot;Larderello&quot;&gt;Larderello&lt;/a&gt; e di &lt;a href=&quot;http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montieri&quot; title=&quot;Montieri&quot;&gt;Montieri&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 102);&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;L&#39;ENERGIA GEOTERMICA&lt;/b&gt; L’energia geotermica è una forma di energia rinnovabile che deriva dal calore presente negli strati più profondi della crosta terrestre. Infatti penetrando in profondità a partire dalla superficie terrestre, la temperatura diventa gradualmente più elevata, aumentando di circa 30°C per km. I giacimenti di questa energia sono, però, dispersi e a profondità così elevate da impedirne lo sfruttamento. Per estrarre e usare il calore imprigionato nella Terra, è necessario individuare le zone dove questo si è concentrato: il serbatoio o giacimento geotermico. Esistono diversi sistemi geotermici, ma attualmente vengono sfruttati a livello industriale solo i sistemi idrotermali, costituiti da formazioni rocciose permeabili in cui l’acqua piovana e dei fiumi si infiltra e viene scaldata da strati di rocce ad alta temperatura, Le temperature raggiunte variano dai 50-60°C fino ad alcune centinaia di gradi.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 102);&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Le centrali geotermiche&lt;/b&gt; I sistemi geotermici possono essere a vapore dominante, quando l’alta temperatura determina la formazione di accumuli di vapore, o ad acqua dominante, se l’acqua rimane allo stato liquido, Nel primo caso l’energia geotermica può essere utilizzata per produrre energia elettrica, inviando il vapore, attraverso dei vapordotti, a una turbina collegata a un generatore di corrente. Se il fluido non raggiunge una temperatura sufficientemente elevata, l’acqua calda potrà essere utilizzata per la produzione di calore.&lt;/p&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://energiageotermia.blogspot.com/feeds/5198061343741610653/comments/default' title='Commenti sul post'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/7054139983033910386/5198061343741610653' title='0 Commenti'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7054139983033910386/posts/default/5198061343741610653'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7054139983033910386/posts/default/5198061343741610653'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://energiageotermia.blogspot.com/2007/08/energia-geotermica.html' title='Energia Geotermica'/><author><name>Matteo</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08668912642080495979</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='31' height='32' src='http://www.naymz.com/media/images/984408/portrait-full.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry></feed>